NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
76
MATERIA MEDICA.
as internal piles. I have used it in several cases with more or less
benefit, but in a few the result was very satisfactory, the bleeding dis-
appearing rapidly and permanently. There is no doubt that the fruit
will also produce a good effect in hæmatamesis, melæna and some other
forms of hæmorrhage, but as it is not always procurable, I have not yet
had an opportunity of trying it in those diseases. The fruit is also
useful in relieving thirst and febrile excitement.
Preparations.—The juice of the ripe fruit or the fruit itself.
Doses.—Of the juice, from two to four drachms ; and of the fruit,
one if large, and two if small ; two or three times a day.
European Drugs for which it may be .substituted.–Hazeline, gallic
acid, and phosphoric acid.
Remarks.—The ripe fruit is yellowish green, from 2½ to 3½ inches
long, acutely 5-angled, each angle varying in breadth from ½ to 1 inch.
It is very juicy, sour and abounds in acid oxalate of potash.
‡ A v e r r h o a B i l i m b i , L i n n . 1 3 7 .
Habitat.—Cultivated extensively.
Part Used.—The fruit.
S y n o n y m s . — B i l i m b i f r u i t ,R
a g .
B e l a m b ú , B i l i m b i ,
H i n d .
a n d D a k .
K o c h - c h i t - t a m a r t a - k á y a , P u l i c h - c h a k k á y , B i l i m b i - k á y a ,T
a m .
P u l u s u - k á y a l u , B i l i - b i l i - k á y a l u , B i l i m b i - k á y a l u ,T
e l .
V i l a n b i k k á , V i l i m b i ,
K a r i c h a k k á , M a l y a l . B i l i m b i ,B
e n g .
B i l a m b u ,
G u z .
K á l a - Z o u n y a - s í ,
B u r .
Local Sources.—The ripe or half-ripe fruit being one of the vege-
tables which are most commonly used by the natives of this country in
their curries, it is almost always found in the bazaar.
Price.—'Wholesale, As. 12 per maund ; retail or bazaar, Pies 6 per
pound.
P h y s i o l o g i c a l
A c t i o n s . — A s t r i n g e n t , s t o m a c h i c a n d r e f r i g e r a n t .
Therapeutic Uses.—The syrup of fruit is useful in relieving thirst,
febrile excitement, and also in some slight cases of hæmorrhage from
the bowels, stomach, and internal hæmorrhoids. The fruit itself, in the
form of curry, is a useful dietary article in piles and scurvy.
Preparation.—Syrup: Take of the juice of the ripe fruit, strained
through cloth, ten fluid ounces ; refined sugar, thirty ounces ; water,
ten fluid ounces ; mix and heat all the ingredients on a slow fire till the
sugar is dissolved and the liquid assumes the consistence of a thick
syrup.
Dose.—From three to six fluid drachms, well diluted with water,
four or five times in the twenty-four hours.
European. Drugs for which it may be substituted.—Gallic acid, phos-
phoric acid and effervescing draughts.
Remarks.—The fruit is pale or yellowish green, oblong, from 1½ to
2 ½ i n c h e s i n l e n g t h , f r o m ½ t o 1 i n c h i n t h i c k n e s s , o b t u s e l y 5 - a n g l e d
and sour in taste. The acidity of this fruit, like that of the preceding
plant, depends upon the acid oxalate of potash. The quantity of this
salt, however, is much larger in the latter than in the former.
OF MADRAS.
II
RUTACEÆ.
* Ruta angustifolia, Pers. A variety of R. graveolens, Linn . 138.
Habitat .—Cultivated in many gardens for medicinal purposes.
Part Used.—The leaves.
Synonyms.—Rue
leaves, Eng. Sadáb, Sadáb-ká-pát, Hind. Sadáf,
Sadáf-ká-pattá, Duk. Arvadá, Arvadá-ilai, Sadápa-ilai, Tam. Sadápa,
Sadápa-áku, Arudu, Arudu-áku, Tel. Nágadáli-sappu, Nágadáli-yalé,
Can. Sadápaha, Sans. Sadáp, Sitáp, Guz. Aruda, Cing. Faijan or
Féjan, Arab. Sudáb, Pers.
Local Sources.—Both the fresh and dry leaves are sold in the
bazaar.
Price.—Wholesale, Rs. 2½ per viss; retail or bazaar, Re. 1 per
pound.
Physiological Actions. —Stimulant, carminative, stomachic, antispas-
modic and emmenagogue.
Therapeutic Uses. —The dry rue leaves in the form of infusion and
tincture are more useful in adults than in children, but the effect of the
juice of fresh leaves is just the reverse. The former preparations are
beneficial in dyspepsia with flatulency, flatulent colic and slight cases
of amenorrhœa; and the latter (the juice) has a distinct control over
infantile convulsions, particularly in combination with Gáiróhan (gall-
stone or biliary concretion of a cow or bullock). See remarks under
the head of Bezoar or Animal-bezoar.
Preparations.— Infusion , tincture and the juice of fresh leaves. In-
fusion: Take of the rue leaves, dried, ten drachms; boiling water,
one pint; infuse in a covered vessel for two hours, and strain. Tinc-
ture: Take of the leaves, in coarse powder, ten drachms; proof spirit,
ten ounces; macerate the powder for seven days in seven ounces of the
spirit in a closed vessel, agitating occasionally; then transfer to a
percolator, and when the fluid ceases to pass, continue the percolation
with the remaining three ounces of the spirit, and add more, if neces-
sary, to make ten ounces. Fresh juice: Press out the juice by bruising
the fresh leaves without water.
Doses.— Of the infusion, from an ounce and a half to three fluid
ounces; of the tincture, from one to three fluid drachms; and of the
fresh juice for children under six years, from a tea to a dessert spoon-
ful, three or four times in the twenty-four hours.
European Drugs for which they may be substituted.— Sp. Ammon.
Aromat., 0l. Anisi, Tinct. Cascarillæ, Tinct. Valerianæ, and Pil.
Rhei Co.
Remarks.—The rue leaves are very small, being about two to three
lines in length; oval; possess a bitter and nauseous taste; and a heavy,
aromatic and slightly disagreeable smell. The latter is sufficiently
peculiar to distinguish the leaves from all other drugs of similar appear-
ance. The essential oil of rue (Oleam, rutœ) is not sold in the bazaar,
but is procurable in every European medicine shop at Madras. I have
not yet used it in my practice, and cannot, therefore, say anything
78
MATERIA MEDICA
about its use from my own experience and knowledge. I refer the
reader to the explanation of its medical properties, &c., in the
Phar-macopœia of India, p. 40.
* Toddalia aculeata, Pers. 139.
Habítat.—Common in the jungles of Southern India, particularly
on the Coromandel and Malabar coasts and the Nílgiris.
Part Used.—The root-bark.
Synonyms.—Bark of the Indian Lopez root, Eng. Janglí-kálí-
mirch-kí-jar-kí-chhál , H ind. J a n g l í - k á l í - m i r c h í - k í - j a r - k í - c h h á l ,
D u k .
Milakarnai-vér-pattai, Tam. Mirapa-kándra-véru-patta, Kondakasin--
da-véru-patta, Tel. Totali-véra-tóla, Kákka-totali-véra-tóla,
M a l y a l .
Kudu-mirish-múl-potta, Cing.
Local Sources.—One of the cheapest drugs in the local market.
Price .—Wholesale, Rs. 2½ per maund; retail or bazaar, As. 2 per
pound.
Physiological Actions .—Antiperiodic, antipyretic, diaphoretic, carmi-
native and tonic.
Therapeutic Uses.—The root-bark is of the greatest service in all
the varieties of idiopathic and uncomplicated intermittent, remittent
and simple continued fevers; and also very useful in atonic dyspepsia
and in debility from whatever cause.
Preparations .—Decoction, tincture, watery-extract, and simpl e
powder. Decoction: Take of the root-bark, in coarse powder, six
ounces; water, two pints and a half; boil on a slow fire till the liquid
is reduced to one pint and strain when cool. Tincture: Take of the
root-bark, in coarse powder, six ounces; proof spirit, one pint;
macerate for seven days in a closed. vessel with occasional agitation,
filter and add more spirit to make one pint. Watery-extract: Take of
the root-bark, in coarse powder, one portion; water, six portions; boil
till the liquid is reduced to one-third; strain the latter through cloth
while hot and evaporate it on a sand-bath to the consistence of an
extract. Simple powder: The root-bark pulverized in the ordinary
way after scraping off the corky epidermis, and passed through a fine
sieve or cloth.
Doses.—Of the decoction, from two to six fluid ounces; of the
tincture, from two to four fluid drachms; of the watery-extract, from
forty to eighty grains; and of the simple powder, from one to two
drachms.
European Drugs for which they may be substituted.—For quinine and
other alkaloids of cinchona, as an antiperiodic; for Warburg's tincture,
antipyrin, antifebrin, phenacetin and Pulv. Jacobi Vera, as a diapho--
retic and antipyretic; and for gentian and calumba, as a tonic.
Remarks.— I have been using the root-bark of T. aculeata in my
practice during the last twelve or thirteen years, and do not hesitate in
saying that it is one of the most valuable drugs in India. It is, as
antiperiodic and antipyretic, equal, if not superior, to quinine and other
alkaloids of cinchona and to Warburg's tincture, respectively; and, as a
80
MATERIA MIEDICA
Southern India; whereas, the Indian Barberry-root requires to be sent
for from some hills and distant places, as the Nílgiris, Shevaroy
Hills, Calcutta, Delhi, &c.
† Murraya Kœnigii, Spr. (Bergera Kœnigii, Linn.) 140.
Habitat. —Cultivated in some gardens.
Part Used. —The leaves.
Synonyms .—Curry-leaf tree, Eng. Karé-pák, Karyá-pák, Karyá-
pát, Duk. Kari-véppilai, Kari-vémbu, Tam. Kari-vépa, Tel. Kari-
véppa, Kari ya-pál a,M a l y a l
. K a r i - b é v a n a - y e l é ,
C a n .
Barsungá,
Beng
. Surabhí-nimba-patram, Sans. Karépáka-cha-pána, Mah. Kare-
pák-nu-pándro, Guz. Karri-pincha, Cing. Pído-sin or Pindo-sin, Bur.
Local Sources. —Sold in the bazaar, and also by some village women
in the streets.
Price .—Wholesale, Rs. 3 per maund; retail or bazaar, As. 2½ per
pound.
Physiological Actions.—Stimulant and carminative.
Therapeutic Uses .—Useful in some slight cases of dyspepsia.
Preparation.—Infusion: Take of the dry leaves, ten drachms; boil-
ing water, one pint; infuse for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.
Doses .—From one fluid ounce and a half to three fluid ounces.
Remarks. —The curry leaves are used all over India as a condiment,
and the tree is called in Sanskrit the fragrant neem. The leaves contain
a volatile oil, a resin and a glucoside.
* Citrus Aurantium, Linn. 141.
Habitat. —Cultivated extensively.
Parts Used. —The dried outer portion of the rind of the fruit
(No. 141) and flowers.
Synonyms. —Of the rind of the fruit—Orange peel, Eng. Nárangí-
ké-chh ilté, Hind. and Duk. Kich-chilip-pazham-tól or Kich-chili-
param-tól, Tam. Kich-chili-pandu-tólu, Kamala-phala-tólu, Náríja-
pandu-tólu, Kittali-pandu-tólu, Náranga-pandu-tólu, Tel. Madhúra-
náranga-tóli, Malyal. Nárungi- chilká, Komolá-nébu-chilka, Beng.
Náringa-cha-chilto, Mah. Náringi-nu-chilká, Guz. Qishrul-náranj.
Arab. Póste-nárang, Pers. Of the flowers—Orange flowers, Eng.
Náringí-ke-phúl, Hind. and Duk. Kich-chilip-pazham-pú or Kich-
chilip-param-pú, Tam. Kich-chili-pandu-puvvu, Kamala-phala-puvvu,
Nárinja-pandu-puvvu, Kittali-pandu-puvva, Tel. Madhura-náranga-
pushpam, Malyal. Nárungi-phúl, Komola-nébu-phúl, Beng. Naringa-
cha-phúla, Mah.
Náringi-nu-phúlá, Guz. Vardul-náranj, Arab.
Gule-nárang, Pers.
Local Sources. —The dried orange peel and flowers are sold in some
bazaars of Madras.
Price.—Of the orange peel—Wholesale, Rs. 3 per maund; retail or
bazaar, As. 3 per pound. Of the orange flowers—Re. 1 per pound.
OF MADRAS.
81
Physiological Actions, Therapeutic Uses, Preparations and Doses.— I
have nothing more to add from my own experience and knowledge to
the information given under the above heads in the Pharmacopœia of
India, and therefore refer the reader to that work, pp. 42 and 43.
* Citrus acida, Roxb. 142.
H abitat.—Cultivated extensively.
Parts Used.—The outer portion of the rind of the fruit (No. 122),
juice of the ripe fruit, and a crystalline acid prepared from the juice.
Synonyms.—Of the rind of the fruit—Lime peel, Eng. Límú-ké-
chhilté, Hind. Nínbú-ké-chhilté, Duk. Elumich-ch am-pazham-tól or
Elumi ch -ch am-param-tól, Tam. Nimma-pandu-tólu, Tel. Cheru-náran-
ga-tóli, Jonakam-náran- ga-tóli, Malyal. Nimbe-hannu-tólu, Can. Nébu-
chilká.
Beng. Limbú cha-chilto. Mah.
Nímbu-nu-chilka. Guz.
Qishrul-límú, Arab . Póste-límú,
Pers. Of the juice of the fruit—
Lime juice, Eng. Límú-ká-ras, Hind. Nínbú-ká-ras, Duk. Elumich
- c h
a m - p a z h a m - r a s a m o r E l u m ic
h
- c h
a m - p a r a m - r a s a m ,
T a m .
N imma
- p a n d u - r a s a m ,
T e l .
N é b u - r a s ,
B e n g .
L i m b ú - c h a - r a s , M
a h .
N imb
ú - n
u - r a s ,
G a z .
M á u l - l i m ú ,
A r a b .
A b e - l í m ú , S h é r a i - l í m ú ,
P e r s .
O f t h e
crystalline acid—Citric acid, Eng. Acide citrique, Fr. Citronensaüre,
Ger. L í m ú - k á - j o u h e r , L í m ú - k á - t u r s h á b a h , D u k .
Local Sources .—Neither the lime peel nor the lime juice is sold
separately, but the fresh and ripe lime is commonly met with almost
in every bazaar of India. As the lime juice contains a larger quantity
of citric acid than the juice of lemon, and as much of the article
imported into England under the name of lemon juice is considered
to be obtained from the lime, the latter is the chief source of the above
acid.
Price.—Of the fresh and ripe fruit—Wholesale, Rs. 3 per thousand ;
retail or bazaar, Pie 1 for each.
Physiological Actions, Therapeutic Uses, Preparations and Doses.—
Quite similar to those described under the articles " Citrus Limonum "
and " Citrus Bergamia " in the Pharmacopœia of India, pp. 43 to 46.
‡ C i t r u s m e d i c a ,
L i n n .
143.
Habitat.—Cultivated.
Parts Used.—The outer portion of the rind of the fruit (No. 143)
and the juice of the ripe fruit.
Synonyms.—Of the rind of the fruit—Citron peel, Eng. Turanj-ké-
chilte, Hind. and Duk. Narttam-pazham-tól or Narttam-param-tól,
Tam. Dabba-pandu-tólu, Nára-dabba-pandu-tólu, Mádhipala-pandu-
tólu, Bíjapúra-pandu-tólu, Pulla-dabba-pandu-tólu, Lungamu-pandu-
tólu, Tel. Ganapati-náranna-tóli or Ganapati-nárangá-tóli,
M a l y a l .
M a d a l a d a - h a n n í t ó l u ,
C a n .
T u r a n j - c h i k á , H ó n s a
r é
b u - e h i k á ,
B e n g .
Turanj-cha-chilto, Mah. Bíjóra-nu-chilká, Bálank-nu-chilká, Guz.
Qishrul-utraj or Qishrul-utraj, Arab. Póste-turanj, Pe' s. OF the
juice of the fruit—Citron juice, Eng. Turanj-ká-ras, Hind. and Duk.
Narttam-pazham-rasam or Narttam-param-rasam, Tam. Dabba-pandu-
rasam, Nára-dabba-pandu-rasam, Mádhipala-pandu-rasam, Bijapúra-
L
82
MATERIA MEDICA
Local Sources.—The ripe fruit is sold in all the large bazaars of
India.
Price .—Wholesale, Rs. 4 or 5 per hundred; retail or bazaar, As. 2
or 3 for each.
Physiological Actions.—The rind of the fruit is stomachic; and the
juice in the form of syrup is refrigerant, antalkaline, antiscorbutic, and.
stomachic.
Therapeutic Uses.—The infusion of the fresh rind is useful in some
slight cases of dyspepsia, and. the syrup is a good remedy in scurvy,
febrile affections, and in atonic and some other forms of dyspepsia.
Preparations.—Infusion and Syrup. Infusion: Take of the outer
portion of the fresh rind (previously separated from most of its white
and. spongy internal portion), in small pieces, four ounces; boiling
water, one pint; infuse in a closed vessel for an hour and strain.
Syrup: Take of the juice of citron, strained, one pint; refined sugar,
two pounds and a quarter; mix and heat till the sugar is dissolved and
the liquid. assumes the thickness of a syrup.
Doses.— Of the infusion, from two to four fluid ounces; and of the
syrup, from half to one fluid ounce, three or four times in the twenty-
four hours.
† Feronia Elephantum, Corr. 144, 145, 146, 147 and 148.
Habitat.—Cultivated, and also found wild in some jungles in South
India.
Parts Used.—The gum (Nos. 144, 145 and 146), fruit (No. 147)
and leaves (No. 148).
Synonyms.— Of the gum—Feronia gum or Wood-apple gum, Eng.
Kathél-kí-gónd, Hind. Kavít-ká-gónd, Duk. Vilám-pishin, Tam.
Velaga-banka, Kapitthamu-pisunu, tel.
Vilám-pasha, Malyal-
Byálada-góndú, Can. Kóth -bél - gun , Kát-bél-gun, Beng. Kapidtha
- n i r y á s a m ,
Sans. Kavíta-gónda, Mah. Kavit-gón, Guz. Divul-mel-
liyam, Cing. Ti-sí, Bur. Sama ghe - k a b í t ,
A r a b .
a n d
P e r s .
O f t h e
fruit—Wood-apple, Eng. Kat-bél, Hind. Kavít, Duk. Vilám-
pazham or Vilám-param, Tam. Velaga-pandu, Kapidh-dhamu, Tel,
Vilám-param, Malyal. Byálada-hannu, Can. Lóth-bél, Katbél, Beng.
Kapidtha-phalam, Sans. Kavíta, Kavít, Kóthu, Guz. Divul,
Cing. Ti-di, Bur. Kabít, Arab. and Pers. Of the leaves—Wood-
apple leaves, Eng. Kat-bél-ké-pát, Hind. Kavít-ké-patté, Duk.
Vilám-ilai, Tam. Velaga-áku,
K a p i
d h - d h
a m u - á k u ,
T e l .
V i l á m - e l a ,
M a l y a l .
B y á l a d a - y a l e ,
C a n .
kóth-p
átá, Katbél-pátá, Beng. Kapid-
tha-patram, Sans. Kavítapána, Mah. Kavít-pándru, Kóthu-pandru,
Guz. Divul-kóla, Cing. Ti-yae, Bur.
Local Sources.—The gum is found in some large bazaars of Madras;
the ripe fruit is sold abundantly in all the towns and large villages of
India; and the leaves can be easily gathered whenever they aro needed,
the plant being pretty common in this country.
Price.—Of the best variety of the gum (No. 144)—Wholesale,
Rs. 8 per maund; retail or bazaar, As. 7 per pound. Of the ripe fruit
—Wholesale, As. 6 per hundred; retail or bazaar, Pie 1 for each large
fruit.
84
MATERIA MEDICA
Part Used.—The leaves (No. 149).
Synonyms.—Bhúín-kat-bél-ké-pát, Hind. Bhúín-kavít-ké
-patté,
Duk. Kutti-vilám-ilai. Nila-vilám-ilai,
Tam. Néla-velaga-áku, Tel.
Bhukapidtha-patram, Sans.
Local Sources.— The leaves are not sold in the bazaar, but require
to be gathered if necessary.
Physiological Actions, Therapeutic Uses, Preparations, Doses and
European Drugs for which it may be substituted.— Quite similar to those
of the leaves of the preceding plant.
Remarks .—From the very small size of this plant, which is seldom
more than three feet in height, it is considered by some to be a differ
-ent species. The difference in size, however, is not sufficient to consti-
tute a distinct species, and as the plant does not differ in any other
respect from F. Elephantum or Wood-apple tree, it is only a variety
of the latter. The leaves of the small variety are generally more effica-
cious than those of the large or common variety, and I have, therefore,
treated it separately.
* Ægle Marmelos, Correa. 150, 151, 152, and 153. The small or
common variety.
Habitat .—Common in South India. Often cultivated near pagodas,
it being one of the sacred trees of the Hindus.
Part Used.—The pulp of the fruit.
Synonyms.— Of the fruit (Nos. 152 and 153)—The small or
common variety of Bael-fruit or Bengal-quince, Eng.
C h h ó t e - q i s a m - k á - b é l
p h
a l ,
H i n d .
a n d
D u k . S h i r i y a - v i l v a - p a z h a mo
r
S h i r u - v i l v a - p a r a m ,
T a m .
C h i n n a - b i l v a - p a n d u , C h i n n a - m a r é d u - p a n d u ,T
e l .
Cheriya-kúvalap-param, Malyal. Sanna-bilva-hannu, Can. Chota-bél, Beng.
Lahana-bélácha-phalá,M a h
N á n u - b í l í n u -
p h
a l ,
G u z .
P u n j i - b é l l i
, C i n g .
A ngén-oushi-si, Bur. Shule-khurd, Balághúne-khurd, Pers.
Safarjale-hindíe-saghir , Arab. Of the pulp (Nos. 150 and 151 )—The pulp of
the small or common variety of bael-fruit, En g.
C h h ó t e - q i s a m - k é - b é l -
p h a l
- k a - m a g
h z
, H i n d .
a n d D u k . S h í r u - v i l v a - p a r a m - s a d a i ,T
a m .
Chinna-bilva-pandu-kanda, Tel. Maghze-shu1e-khurd, Maghze-balághúne-khurd,
Pers. Maghze-safarjale-híndíe-saghír, Arab.
Local Sources.—The dry broken or entire fruits are always met with
in the bazaar, but the dry pulp is very seldom sold separately. The
pulp in the entire fruits is spoiled very soon, and they should not
therefore be purchased for medicinal purposes without being broken
and examined.
Price.— Of the dry broken fruit—Wholesale, Rs. 2 per maund
; retail or bazaar, As. 1½ per pound.
Physiological Actions.— The pulp is stimulant, stomachic, antipyretic,
antiscorburic, and possesses a beneficial influence over the membrane of
the alimentary canal.
Therapeutic Uses .—The pulp of the fruit has proved very useful in
my hands in dysentery, diarrhœa, aphthæ, land-scurvy and some con--
tinued fevers. I have generally used it in the forms of powder and
syrup. The pulp of the ripe fruit is more suited for the syrup, and
86
MATERIA MEDICA.
From its greater abundance and cheapness, the Wood-apple (Feronia
Elephantum) is occasionally substituted for the Bael-fruit in the bazaar
when the latter is sold in large quantities ; but there will be no
difficulty in distinguishing them from each other if the following dis-
tinctions be attended to :—
Bael-fruit of both varieties.
1. Generally roundish, ovoid or
obovate, and sometimes oblong.
2. Generally about the size of
a large orange, often as big as a
large pomegranate, and sometimes
attains the size of a small child's
head.
3. Greenish or yellowish brown
in color, smooth and slightly
shining.
4. Rind very hard, woody and
thin.
5. In the centre of the pulp
there are from five to eighteen
small cells, each of which contains
some mucus, and from one to
twelve or more seeds. (In the
small variety of bael-fruit, the
seeds are often absent in some
cells.)
6. The seeds are oblong, flat or
compressed, woolly, and about the
size of a lime-seed.
7. The mucus is thick, very tena
-cious, transparent, and strongly
terebinthinate in smell and taste.
8. When the fruit is quite ripe,
the pulp is of a brownish red or
reddish yellow color with a strong
balsamic odor and sweetish taste.
Wood- apple.
1. Almost always round or
spherical.
2. Generally about the size of
an orange, and often as large as a
pomegranate.
3. Greenish white or ash colored,
neither smooth nor shining.
4. Rind hard, woody, and
though somewhat thicker, yet
more easily broken.
5. No cells at all, and the seeds
are numerous and embedded in the
pulp. A fruit contains about 500
seeds.
6. The seeds are generally
about the same shape, but one-half
smaller in size.
7. Contains no mucus, but is
acid from the presence of citric
acid.
8. In the same condition, the
pulp is of a reddish grey or flesh
color, with a very agreeable and
slightly aromatic odor and sub-
acid taste.
Ægle Marmelos, Correa. 154, 155, and 156. The large or culti-
vated variety.
Habitat.—Cultivated in many gardens.
Part Used.—The pulp of the fruit.
Synonyms.— O f the fruit (No. 156). The large or cultivated
variety of Bael-fruit or Bengal quince, Eng. Bare-qisam-ká-bél-phal,
H ind and Duk. Periya-vilva-phasham or Periya-vilva-param, Tam.
Pedda-bilva-pandu,
Pedda-marédu-pandu,
Tel.
Valiya-kuvalap-
param, Malyal. Dodda-bilva-haņņu, Can. Mahá-bél, Bará-shri-phal,