NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
108
Mooltan Division.
MIANWALT DISTRICT.
56. Only 2 imported cases of plague occurred in the Miánwáli District during the
year 1901-02. The first of these cases was the mother of the Assistant Station Master of
Karor who arrived by train from the Siálkot District on April 30th, 1902, suffering from
plague. She was immediately segregated with her family and attendants, whose personal
effects were disinfected ; the railway quarters were also disinfected.
The second case was the wife of a postal sorter in the Railway Mail Service, who
was brought by her hushand from Lála Musa to Bhakkar on April 28th, apparently while
suffering from plague, for when seen by the Assistant Surgeon on May 3rd she was almost
convalescent. All the occupants of the infected houses were removed to the Segregation
Camp, and the house and its contents disinfected.
In addition to the house mentioned above four other houses were disinfected in the
Miánwáli District during the year under report.
These were houses to which persons had come from infected places in other districts.
None of these persons were attacked with plague, but the Civil Surgeon on hearing of their
arrival persuaded them to have their houses and effects disinfected.
Disinfection of houses was in all cases carried out with the chemical perchloride of
mercury solution : clothing and other personal effects were in some cases boiled in phenyle.
JHANG DISTRICT.
57. The Jhang District became infected with plague for the first time in March 1901.
On March 6th two youths,—sons of a shop-keeper at Chiniot Road who had recently
returned from Siálkot, were taken ill with a disease afterwards diagnosed as plague ; they
both died, as did their parents a few days later. Between the date mentioned and the end
of the year under report 311 cases of plague with 176 deaths occurred. Except for two
latal cases that occurred at Chiniot Road in September, the district was free of plague from
the end of May onwards.
The number of towns and villages infected numbered 25,—11, including Chiniot Town
were in the Chiniot Tahsil, 11, including the towns of Lyallpur and Chiniot Road, were in the
Lyallpur Tahsil, and 3 in the Toba Tek Singh Tahsil. Most of these villages are situated on
the Chenab Colony. These particulars, as well as the number of cases and deaths in each
tahsil, are shewn in the table below :—
Tahsil.
Chiniot Town ...
Chiniot Tahsil ...
Lyallpur Tahsil ...
Lyallpur Town ...
...
...
...
...
Toba Tek Singh Tahsil ...
Total
Population.
15,685
184,891
254,785
125,780
590,312
Infected
number.
11
11
...
3
Village
population.
15,685
6,712
8,136
9,171
2,232
41,936
Cases.
...
150
157
4
311
Deaths.
74-
99
...
3
176
109
The following table shows weekly the course of the epidemic throughout the district,
It will be noticed that the outbreak reached its highest point early in May and ceased at the
end of it :—
Table showing the course of the Epidemic of Plague in the Jhang District weekly
from October 1st, 1901, to the end of September 3oth, 1902.
WEEK ENDING
SATURDAY.
„ 19th ...
November 2nd
...
..
9th
...
„
18th ...
"
25th
...
,,
8th
,,
15th ...
„ 8th
...
„ 15th ...
,,
22nd
...
„ 29th
April 3th
...
„ 12th ...
„ 19th ..
„ 26th
May 3rd
„ 10th ...
„ 17th ...
" 24th
...
„ 31st ...
„ 14th ...
" 21st ...
28th
„ 12th ...
„ 19th ...
„ 20th ...
August 2nd
...
" 9th ...
„ 16th ...
„ 30th ...
September 6th
„
13th ...
" 20th
...
„
27th ...
"
30th ...
VILLAGES.
Declared infected.o
Declared free.
•••
...
2
...
I
• ••
3
2
7
3
2
4
...
...
...
•««
...
...
...
••«
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
I
1
2
4
2
6
1
4
2
1
...
..
••«
1
DURING
WEEK.
Cases.
2
I
I
I
4
22
35
29
102
44
22
23
23
...
...
...
...
...
I
...
...
I
Deaths.
...
...
I
I
1
I
I
10
10
17
77
15
18
9
13
...
...
...
...
I
1
TOTAL UP
TO DATE.
Cases.
...
»•0
2
3
4
5
9
31
66
05
197
241
263
286
309
309
309
309
309
300
300
309
309
309
300
300
310
310
310
311
3"
Deaths.
•••
...
.
I
2
3
4
5
15
25
42
119
134
152
161
174
174
174
174
174
174
174
174
174.
174
174
174
174
174
174
175
175
176
176
REMARKS.
112
Table showing Certain details concerning places infeckd with plague in the Mooltan District from October ist, 1901, to September 30th, 1902.
6
Serial No
3
.3
3
4
-5
Jalálpur
...
Bastí Long ...
Shujátpur ...
Umarpur
...
Mooltan City
Name of place.
••t
...
—
-
...
•••
•••
...
•>•
•••
... ... ...
... ... ...
Census Population, 1901.
5,149
424
2,352
962
74,627
Date declared infected.
11th March 1902
...
19th March 1902
».
17th March 1902
...
7th March 1902 ...
15th May 1902 ...
Date declared free.
1st April 1902
...
29th March 1902
...
27th March 1902
28th March 1902
...
28th May 1902 ...
Attacks.
6
1
5
13
1
26
Deaths.
4
1
3
11
1
20
Percentage fatality of attacks.
6666
100
60
84.62
100
Method of infection, if Known.
1
Plague is believed
to have come from
Uch in Baháwal-
pur State.
J
Infection came from
Railway Sta t io n
Wan Rádhárám.
REMARKS
Regarding evacuation,
disinfection, inocu-
lation, &c.
The people, though con-
stantly persuaded, did not
like to desert their vil-
lages. The' floors and
walls of infected houses
were scratched and re-
moved. The clothes of
the patients and their
relations were disinfected
with sajji. Three men
were inoculated
at
Jalálpur.
Table No. 3 showing the number of Plague Cases and Deaths during each month in the British Districts of the Punjab from October 1st, 1901,
to September 30 th, 1902, with the percentage fatality of attacks.
October
1901
...
November 190I
...
December 1901 ...
January 1902
...
February
1902
...
March 1902 ... ...
April 1902 ...
May 1902 ... ...
June 1902 ...
...
July 1902
,..
August 1902
...
September 1902
...
Months.
...
...
...
... ... ...
...
...
...
...
...
«»»
•••
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
..
...
...
Total
Attacks.
3.224
7.5'6
13,046
19,202
35.039
77.340
71.725
34,671
4,13 2
510
396
780
267,581
Deaths.
1,360
3,828
8,215
12,000
23,155
51,944
48,850
20,695
3,036
334
197
418
174,041
Percentage fatality
to attacks.
42.18
50.93
62.97
62.54
66.08
67 16
68.11
59.98
73.47
65. 49
47.22
53.59
65.04
REMARKS.
15
Table No. 4 showing the number of Plague Cases and Deaths in British Districts
of the Punjab 6y races or castes and sexes from October 1st, 1901, to
September 30th, 1902.
( Males
Europeans
•••
...
•• •]
C Females (Females ...
Total
( Males ...
Eurasians
...
•••
••• s
( Females ...
Total
( Males ...
High caste Hindus
...
...
(. Females
...
Total
( Males
Other Hindus ...
...
...
( Females
...
Total
( Males
Total Hindus ...
...
...
(. Females
...
Total
...
( Males
Rámdásís, Chamárs and Sweepers
...
( Females
...
Total
( Males
...
Musalmáns
...
...
...
( Females
...
Total
( Males
Native Christians
...
...
( Females
...
Total
( Males ...
Race or caste not specified
...
(, Females
Total
( Males
All classes
...
... ...
(. Females
...
Total
Race or caste and sex not known—Total
'
...
GRAND TOTAL
Cases.
...
...
...
24,460
24,633
49,093
23,080
26,426
49,506
47,540
5',o59
98,599
12,269
14,274
26,543
38,607
47,170
85,837
178
173
351
690
756
1,440
99,344
113.43 3
212,776
54,805
267,581
Deaths.
...
...
...
...
17,344
17.155
34,499
14,267
16,643
30, 910
31, 611
33, 798
65,409
8,088
8,029
17,017
54,089
30,886
54,975
129'
118
247
480
571
1,051
64,397
74,302
138,699
35,342
174,041
Percentage
fatality to
attacks
...
...
...
70.90
69.64
70.27
61.81
62.90
62.43
66.48
66'17
66.33
65.90
62.55
64.11
62.29
65.48
64.04
72.58
68.20
70.37
69 . 7
75'5 3
72..68
64.82
65.50
6518
64.49
65.04
Number of
attacks
among
females to
1,000 attacks
among males.
...
...
1,007
1,145
1,074
1,163
1,219
972
1,095
1,141
...
16
Variations at different age periods.
31. The number of plague attacks and deaths at different age periods is shewn in
Statement No. 4 (Appendix A). This state-
ment also lacks details concerning the Lahore
and Ambala Districts.
The total figures for each age period with percentage calculations upon them are
shown in Table No. 5.
It will be seen that at ages between 20 and 50 the fatality of attacks is lowest—•
being 608 per cent.—and that it increases regularly in both directions : 80-39 P er cent of
attacks among infants, and 76.31 per cent, of attacks among persons over 60 being
fatal.
Table No. 5 showing the number of Plague Cases and Deaths at different age periods
in British Districts of the Punjab from October ist, 1901, to September 30th, 1902,
with the percentage fatality of attach.
0—I
1—10
10—20
20—50
50—60
Over 60
Details not
...
...
...
...
...
...
available
Ages.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Attacks.
6,511
29,4S1
44,980
96,795
21,583
13.444
54.816
267,581
Deaths.
5,234
20,080
28,025
59.123
15.967
10,261
35.351
174,041
Percentage
fatality to
attack.
80-39
68-18
62 30
61.08
73 98
76-31
64-49
65-04
REMARKS.
Personnel.
32. The number of Medical Officers and subordinates employed on plague duty in
the British districts of the Punjab during the
year 1901-02 is shewn in Statement No. 11
(Appendix D). It should be stated that the European Medical Practitioners who arrived
in September in connection with the inoculation operations of the following year are not
included in the statement, but Civil Surgeons and Assistant Surgeons who performed
the duties of Plague Medical Officers in addition to their own.
In the sub-joined Table No. 6 are given the number of officers and others employed
solely on plague duty.
Table No. 6 shewing the Medical Staff and Establishments on plague duty in British
Districts of the Punjab from October 1st, 1901, to September 30 th, 1902.
Commissioned Medical Officers
...
Temporary Commissioned Medical Officers
Assistant Surgeons
Hospital Assistants
Compounders
Dhais
Vaccinators ...
Clerks
...
Chaprásís
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
.....
...
...
•••
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total Medical Staff
...
...
• ••
...
•••
...
Total Office Establishment
GRAND TOTAL
•
..
...
...
...
...
...
«..
...
...
...
...
3
11
18
44
17
9
6
108
17
8
2 5
133
The names of Medical Officers and Assistant Surgeons are given in the reports on
the districts in which they were employed.
119
The table below shows the monthly progress of the epidemic. It will be seen
that the disease increased until March and was at its worst in this and the following month : it
decreased gradually in May, disappearing altogether in June :—
Table showing the Seizures, Deaths and Discharges of the Plague Epidemic
in the Nâbha State, beginning from the month of December 1901 to the
month of June 1902.
Month.
I
December 1901
...
...
January 1902
...
...
February 1902
...
...
March 1902
...
...
April 1902
...
...
May 1902
...
...
Juna 1902
...
...
March 1902
...
...
April 1902 ... ...
May 1902 ... ..
June 1902
...
...
April 1902
... ...
May 1902
...
...
June 1902
... ...
TOTAL FOR THE STATB
...
Tahsil
2
Do. ...
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Phúl
Do.
Do.
Do.
Nábha City ...
Do.
Do.
...
Number of villages
3
5
7
29
43
33
19
...
6
13
...
...
1
...
...
156
Population of infected villages (census, 1901. )
4
2,105
4,846
16.347
16,499
12,428
8,995
...
10,848
17,215
...
...
18,468
...
...
107.75
Cases.
S
236
428
1,699
3,725
1,803
958
4
984
1.359
278
2
2
260
32
11,769
Deaths.
6
134
3'4
1,464
3,577
1,762
918
9
760
1,207
245
1
2
179
17
10589
Case mortality.
7
5678
73'387
86-168
96026
97726
95-824
...
70-235
88-815
88-129
100
100
68'735
53-125
89-285
REMARKS.
8
Bearing and attitude of the people.
(a) Faiz Muhammad Khan, Chief Medical Officer of Nábha State, notes in his report
that until plague became severe the people did
not pay much attention to it, but at the height
of the epidemic the inhabitants of many villages were panic-stricken and fled, leaving their
sick uncared for and their dead unburnt or unburied.
At first the people were not disposed to co-operate with the State authorities in
measures for the suppression of plague, but when they realized that these measures were not
compulsory they adopted them more freely.
Effect of epidemic.
(b) Agriculture suffered greatly and trade was dislocated for a time. Litigation de-
creased, but crime, especially thefts, increased
considerably, advantage being taken of property
left unguarded in the houses of persons who had gone into camp or fled.
Precautionary measures.
(c) It is mentioned that the people of uninfected villages soon learnt to keep out per-
sons coming to them from infected places and
kept watch day and night for the purpose, many
villages averting an outbreak of plague thereby.
121
There were'outbreaks of plague in 37 villages in the Stale, and 2,882 cases of plague
with 2170 deaths occurred. The monely. progress of the epidemic is shown in the table
below :—
Table showing Monthly figures by Tuchis -in the Kalsi'a State from is October 1901
to 30 th September 1902.
Month.
January 1902
February 190
March 1902
April 1902
May 1902
June 902
April 1902
May 1902
June 1902
GRANO
1
...
2 ...
...
...
...
...
Total
...
...
...
Total
TOTAL
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Táhsíl.
2
Bassi
..
...
...
...
...
...
...
Chirak
...
...
...
...
Number of infected
3
5
6
16
4
. 2
1
34
2
2
...
.3
37
Populatiopn of infected villages Census, 190.)
4
6,530
2,824
5,284
937
578
348
'16,501
4'55
643
...
4.798
21,299
Case
5
187
869
1,051
390
83
3
2583
191
107
1
299
2,882
Deaths
6
107
715
800
281
66
3
1,972
113
83
2
198
2,170
Case mortality per cent
7
57'2.
82-3
76.1
72-1
79.5
1000
7 6 '3
59'2
77.6
...
66.2
75.3
REMARKS.
8
The plague in this
State
commenced
from 18th January
1902.
1
The outbreak in the Bassi Tahsil was rather severe. Commencing early in January
1902, it lasied until the end of June, and 34 villages with a population of 16,501 were
infected, and 2,583 cases of plague with 1,971 deaths occurred. The incidence of attacks to
the population of infected villages was thus 15-65 per cent., and the percentage fatility of
attacks was 76-30.
The town of Peri Bassi, with a population of 4,643, -suffered severely. This was the
first place in the State to be infected, and the outbreak lasted until towards the end of
May : 482 cases of plague with 412 deaths occurred here.
Only three villages in the Chirakália IIáqa were infected. These had a population of
4,798, and 299 cases with 198 deaths occurred. Plague did not break out in this part of the
State until April 1902, and the outbreak ceased early in June.
The arrangements for dealing with plague were similar to those in the adjoining
British Districts, and no separate description is called for. One thousand three hundred and
forty : seven persons were inoculated in the Bassi Tahs'l. The people were somewhat
distrustful of the operation, and those that submitted to it only did so after an example had
been set by the Sardar and the State officials.
MALERKOTLA STATE.
64. Plague first appeared in the Máler Kotla State in January 1901, when two per-
sons suffering from the disease came to the city of Máler Kotla from the Ludhiána District.
These two persons were promptly segregated, and no further cases occurred in the city;
but in February plague broke out in three villages and the disease did not completely
disappear during the year under report.
During the year there were outbreaks in 56 villages and 2,217 cases of plague with
1,798 deaths occurred.
122
The Superintendent of the State reports that although the people were very frightened
of plague, they did very little to protect themselves from it, though the inhabitants of some
villages took advantage of the power conferred upon them of refusing access to persons from
infected places and thereby averted outbreak of plague.
The State tried to diminish intercourse between infected and uninfected villages
by having shops opened near infected villages where the people could obtain daily necessaries
and by keeping guards on the high roads.
BAHAWALPUR STATE.
65. Plague made its first appearance in the Baháwalpur State in January 1902, but
was not reported until the following month. The outbreak was fortunately a small one and
ceased early in April.
The disease was limited to 45 villages, and only 336 cases of plague with 170 deaths
were reported. The monthly cases of the epidemic are shown in the table below
Table showing the Number of Infected Places and of Plague Cises and Deaths in
the Baháwalpur State from October ist, 1901, to September 30 th, 1902.
Month.
February 1902 ...
'' '' ...
'' '' ...
March 1902 ...
...
" '' ...
'' " ...
April 1902 ...
'' " ...
Total
Tahsil.
Ahmadpur
Khánpur ...
Baháwalpur ...
Ahmadpur
...
Khánpur ...
Baháwalpur
...
Khairpur ...
Khánpur
...
Baháwalpur
...
...
Number of villages infected.
2
5
11
10
1
1
1
I
45
Population
of infected
villages
(Census,
1901).
39,422
9,679
22,716
26,214
20,632
18,546
5,013
6,811
18,546
...
Cases
153
19
26
62
43
'' ''
1
1
0
336
Deaths
7 1
7
11
42
24
13
1
...
1
170
Case mortality.
4640
3684
42-31
677
55-8
41-9
10000
...
...
50-6
REMARKS.
Bearing and attitude of the people.
Plague was introduced into the Baháwalpur State by a Khoja merchant who became
ill of plague at the town of Uch in the Ahmadpur Tahsil, shortly after his return from
Karachi about the end of January 1902. He soon died, and the disease spread first to his
relatives and then to other persons in Uch and its suburbs, whence it was carried by human
intercourse to other places,—Ahmadpur, the head-quarters of the tahsil of that name, and
Baháwalpur itself being among the number.
(a) The people co-operated with the authorities in measures for dealing with the disease,
and to this is attributed the small extent of
the outbreak. It is íemarked that the "disease
created no feelings of panic and nothing occurred to disturb the tranquility of the popu-
lation."
Precautionary measures.
(b) The inhabitants of uninfected villages endeavoured to prevent the access of strangers,
and Police guards were placed on the outlets
of infected villages to restrict communication
between their inhabitants and those of infected places. The remark is mace that " although
this was detrimental to some extent to trade and other business, it had the most beneficial
effect in preventing the spread of the disease. "
Information.
(c) The Municipal Commissioner, Raises, Mohalladárs, Zaildárs and Lambardárs were
held responsible for reporting plague occurrences,
and no difficulty was experienced in obtaining
information, as this is .attributed to the knowledge of the people that no compulsory
measures would be employed.
123
Evacuation.
(d) No villages were evacuated, but the people of some villages are said to have left them
by day, during which fires were lighted in the
houses, and to have returned at night. Segre-
gation of sick or contacts was not observed, nor was chemical disinfection or inoculation
practised.
In some instances the people made holes in the roofs of their houses, or where these
were of thatch the roofs were lifted half a yard from the walls to admit air and sun light.
In some places also, as has been mentioned above, fires were lit in infected houses to dis-
infect them. These measures are stated to have been very beneficial.
Rat mortality.
Mortality among rats was observed only at Uch, where plague first appeared, and
where the outbreak was not severe. Deceas-
ed rats were also observed here concurrently
with the outbreak of plague among human beings. ,
JIND STATE.
66. Plague appeared for the first time in the Jind State in February 1902, when it
broke out in Sangrúr City. The disease was limited to the city and to 12 villages in the
Sangrúr Tahsíl. The epidemic ceased in June 1902, 761 cases of plague with 540 deaths
having occurred.
The table below gives the number of infected places, cases and deaths monthly
throughout the epidemic.
Table showing the Number of Infected Villages and of Plague cases and Deaths in
the Jind State from October ist, 1901, to September 30th, 1902.
Month.
October 1901
November 1901
December 1901
January 1902
February 1902
March 1902
April 1902
May 1902
June 1902
Total
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Tahsíl.
...
...
...
...
Sangrur ...
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
...
Number of villages,infected
...
...
...
...
1
2
6
3
1
13
Population of infected villages,
...
...
...
...
11,852
'3S43
16,832
18,854
6,722
77.303
Cases.
...
...
...
...
4
158
418
165
16
761
Deaths
...
...
...
...
4
110
294
119
13
540
case mortality.
...
...
...
100 per cent.
69
„
70
„
62
„
48
„
70
REMARKS.
Imported from Ludhián.
including Sangrúr City.
The outbreak was at its height from the middle of March to the middle of April,
declining rapidiy in May and ceasing in June.
Some places suffered more severely than others. In Sangrar City, with a population
of 11,852, where active measures were taken, only 61 indigenous cases occurred;
while at Ghábadur, a village of 1,201 inhabitants, 364 persons were attacked with
plague. The disease was concealed here for a long time, and the people could not be persu-
aded to adopt any measures to check it In this village several fields were left without owners,
and the cattle had no one to look after them.
Measures taken to prevent outbreaks of plague.
(a) The people of uninfected villages placed guards on the approaches to prevent
the entry of persons from infected places.
Except in Sangrúr Town where almost every
case was promptly isolated and practically the whole city was evacuated and disinfected,
very little was done to check the disease. No village was completely evacuated, but in
some villages where a case of plague occurred the inmates of the neighbouring 6 or 7 houses
went out into the fields, for a few daysi
125
"In the case of the Koti outbreak, the whole gang of coolies affected was isolated by
the Assistant Engineer of the Simla-Kálka Railway in a camp specially chosen by him
and watched by Chaukídárs in his service.
Similar precautions were taken by the Railway authorities in the Jabli outbreak, 1
and it is undoubtedly owing to this that the disease did not spread.
At Koti all rags, clothes, &c, belonging to the gang were burnt or boiled. The huts
in which they were living were burnt ; all houses, clothes, &c, of other gangs working in
or near the Koti Tunnel were disinfected in phenyle or white-washed. The houses at Jabli
in which the cases occurred were disinfected by official agency (vis., the Assistant Surgeon at
Kálka) with the prescribed solution of perchloride of mercury. The Assistant Surgeon was
sent to perform this disinfection at the request of the Railway authorities.
Punjab Government Press Lahore—21-2-04—404,
11
APPENDIX
STATEMENT NO. 1—Showing the Number of Plague-infected Villages with Particulars
1901 to September
British District.
Hissar
Delhi
Karnál
Arríbala
Simla
Kángra
Hoshiárpur
Jullundur
Ludhiána
Ferozepo
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
re
Tahsils.
Bhiwání ...
Hissar...
...
Delhi ... ...
Karnál ...
Kaithal ...
Thánesar
Rúpar ... ...
Kharar... ...
Arríbala ...
Naráingarh
...
Jagádhri
...
Kasauli
...
Detail not available
Subáthu
Simla ...
...
Núrpur
...
Garshankar
...
Una
...
...
Hoshiárpur
Dasúya
...
Detail not available
Nawáshahr
Phillour
Jullundur
Nakodar
Other Districts
...
Jagráon
Ludhiána
Samrála
...
Zíra ...
Moga ...
...
Ferozepore
...
...
Total
... ...
... ...
...
•••
...
Total
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total
...
...
Total
...
...
...
.4.
...
».
Total
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total
...
...
...
Total
...
...
Total
Population.
124,429
128,783
253,212
359,008
248,544
265,189
173,208
686,941
139,327
166,267
167,563
131,049
161,238
2,191
...
7 6 7,635
3,500
13,960
17,460
102,289
261,468
225,027
263,911
238,776
...
989,182
196,339
192,860
305,976
222,412
...
917,587
184,765
333.337
154,995
673,097
176,462
245,857
165,81
588,170
Total
number of
infected
owns and
villages.
1
2
1
8
9
18
185
132
71
12
2
1
1
404
1
1
2
1
271
32
132
23
5
463
258
211
144
60
...
673
116
326
223
665
30
60
1
91
Total popu-
lation of
infected
towns and
villages.
35,917
17;647
53.564
206,534
22,703
22,405
58,285
93.794
86,043
50,097
10,085
13.457
2,191
...
255,667
3,500
13,960
17,460
4,462
185,141
20,402
137.627
33,585
...
386,755
242,226
204,910
2 18,164
81,88o
...
747,180
161,973
278,830
139,98o
580,783
39,318
104,786
49.341
193.445