NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
14
TABLE XIV.
Abstract of particulars regarding Cattle Fairs and Shows held during the year 1926-1927.
District or Subdivision.
1
Cachar
...
... …
Goalpara … … …
Kamrup … … …
Sibsagar … … …
Total … …
Number of Cattle Fairs and
Shows held.
2
2
2
1
1
6
Number of stock present.
Bulls.
3
606
2,247
…
…
2,753
Bullocks.
4
222
3,039
2,000
…
6,161
Cows.
5
806
2,329
…
…
31,35
Young stock.
6
200
…
…
…
200
Buffaloes.
7
5,001
48
... 10
6,059
Camels.
8
…
…
…
...
...
Others.
9
153
2(a)
… ...
155
Average price of animals sold.
Bulls.
10
Rs. a. p.
40 0 0
20 11 0
…
60 11 0
Bullocks.
11
Rs. a. p.
16 0 0
120 9 3
125 0 0
...
261 9 3
Cows.
12
lis. a. p.
35 0 0
17 2 6
…
…
52 2 6
District or Subdivision.
Cachar
... …
Goalpara ... …
Kamrup … …
Sibsagar … …
Total …
Average price of
animals sold—
concld.
Buffaloes.
13
Rs. a. p.
45 0 0
74 2 6
…
…
119 2 6
Horses.
14
Rs. a. p.
...
315 8 0
…
…
315 8 0
Amo u n t r e a l i s e d in fees.
15
Rs. a. p.
2.619 0 0
13,014 0 3
…
…
15,633 0 3
Total number of animals that
competed for prizes.
16
6,888
…
…
10
6,898
Prize money provided.
From Imperial Funds.
17
Rs.
…
…
…
…
From Provincial Funds.
18
Rs. a. p.
... …
53 6 0
58 6 0
From Local Funds.
19
Rs.
150
…
…
…
150
From other sources.
20
Rs.
…
…
…
...
Total.
21
Rs. a. p.
150 0 0
…
…
53 6 0
203 6 0
Number of medals or amount of
money awarded.
22
Rs.
128
…
…
…
128
Remarks.
23
The show was held
before the Royal
Commission on In-
dian Agriculture.
(a) Horse.
TABLE XIV(a).
Statement showing the Veterinary expenditure incurred in the Province of Assam during the year
1926-1927.
Heads, of accounts.
1
Veterinary and Stallion
charges.
(a) Superintendence …
(b) Veterinary instruction
(c) Subordinate establish-
ment.
(d) Hospitals and dispen-
saries.
(e) Breeding operation—
(i) Hissar Cattle ...
(ii) Other charges ...
(f) Prizes …
(g) Bacteriological
Re-
search.
(h) Camel specialist …
Public Exhibitions
and
Fairs.
(a) Cattle and Horse Fairs
and Shows.
Total …
Amount of expenditure.
Central.
2
Rs. a. p.
…
...
...
…
…
...
…
...
...
...
...
Provincial.
3
Rs. a. p.
42,667 5 3
1,555 7 0
26,304 4 9
41,249 7 1
…
(a)
…
...
...
...
1,11,776 8 1
Local.
4
Its. a. p.
...
20 0 0
51,358 1 11
14,150 3 10
...
359 0 0
...
...
...
378 0 0
66,265 5 9
Total.
5
Rs. a. p.
42,667 5 3
1,575 7 0
77,662 6 8
55,399 10 11
...
359 0 0
...
...
...
378 0 0
1,78,041 13 10
Remarks.
6
(a) According to the Comptroller's instructions the figure under this head was to be obtained from the Director of- Agricul-
ture Assam, who was written to and duly reminded, but no reply received.
15
APPENDIX.
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY ADMINISTRATION OF THE MANIPUR STATE
FOR THE YEAR 1926-1927.
1. Personnel.—Babu Krisna Narain, Veterinary Assistant, continued to hold charge till 4th March
1927 when he went on leave. During his absence Muhammad Rousun Ali, the second Veterinary
Assistant held charge.
2. Tours.—The Veterinary Assistants were on tour for 54 and 203 days travelling 841 and
2,162 miles respectively. The compounder was on tour for seven days and travelled 202 miles. Alto-
gether 544 villages were visited by the Veterinary Staff.
8. Contagious diseases.-— Death of animals from contagious diseases during the year under
report were as follows :—
Equines.—(a) Three deaths from Anthrax were reported from different places as against 9 in the
previous year.
(b) Only one death from Surra as against 83 in the previous year was reported.
Bovines.— (a) There were four outbreaks of Anthrax and 24 deaths were reproted. The outbreak
was very severe at Wangoi where 21 deaths took place. Only two deaths were reported in the pre-
vious year.
(b) Foot-and-mouth disease was prevalent in the valley almost throughout the year. Four hundred
and thirty-one deaths, all among calves and old and debilitated cattle, were reported from 127 places.
In the previous year the disease was reported from four places, but there were no deaths.
(c) One hundred and thirty deaths shown under the heading " Other contagious diseases " were
recorded when accurate diagnosis was not possible.
Other animals.—(a) Four elephants belonging to His Highness the Maharaja died of Anthrax,
(b) Twenty-nine deaths from rabies among dogs were reported during the year as against eight
in the previous year.
4. Preventive inoculation.-—Preventive inoculation was undertaken in 8 outbreaks of Anthrax.
Three hundred and thirty-two animals were inoculated. No animal died after inoculation.
During the year 4,500 c.c. of Anthrax serum were procured and 6,000 c.c. were used. The
stock held at the end of the year was 3,000 c.c. Anthrax serum, 1,200 c.c. Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
serum and 3,000 c. c. Anti- Rinderpest serum.
5. In-patients.—Thirty-five
in-patients were treated as against 47 in the previous year. As part
of the space available in the hospital was occupied by the two stallions, more could not be admitted
Arrangements are being made to provide other quarters for the State stallions.
6. Out-patients.—The number of out-patients was 3,560 as against 1,921 in the previous year.
The large increase is due to the prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease during the year.
7. Operations.—Sixty-eight
major and 188 minor operations were performed during the
year as against 85 major and 135 minor in the previous year.
8. The reporting of cattle diseases by chaukidars during the year showed a slight improvement.
9. The Veterinary Staff worked well during the year.
C. G. CRAWFORD,
President, Manipur State Durbar.
2
5. The thanks of the Governor and his Minister are due to Mr. Harris for his able
administration of the Department. The Government are also pleased to note the
names of the officers specially mentioned in the report for their good work. They
hope that in view of the recent improvement in the scales of pay and prospects, the
standard of work, which has been maintained at a high level, will show a further
improvement.
ORDERED that a copy of the Resolution be published in the Assam Gazette.
By order of the Government of Assam,
R. FRIEL,
Officiating Secretary to the Government of Assam
Transferred Departments
SHILLONG : Printed and published by O. M. ROY, Offg. Superintendent, Assam Government Press.
(J. & G.) No. 13—625—13-9-1927.
RULES
REGARDING
THE MEASURES TO BE ADOPTED
ON THE
OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA OR APPEARANCE OF
SMALL-POX.
(G. O. C. C. No. 193, dated 3rd August 1870.)
CALCUTTA:
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING,
1870.
RULES
EEGAEDING·
THE MEASURES TO BE ADOPTED
ON THE
OUTBKEAK OF CHOLEEA OR APPEAEANCE OF
SMALL-POX.
(G. 0. C. C. No. 193, dated 3rd August 1870.
CALCUTTA:
OFFICE OF SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING
1870.
The following revised rules regarding the measures to be
adopted on the outbreak of cholera amongst British
troops are published in supersession of all former
orders on the subject.
SECTION I.
PRECAUTIONS NECESSARY IN ANTICIPATION OF THE APPEARANCE OF
CHOLERA.
Necessity for constant attention to the sanitary condition of the station.
The outbreak of cholera is often so sudden and virulent
that all precautionary measures must be taken beforehand.
Experience has shown that, like many other diseases, the
extent of its diffusion is in no small degree dependent on
local insanitary conditions, and it is therefore essential
that every station should be preserved in a state of constant
preparation to meet a danger which may come at any time.
The personal cleanliness of the men is a matter of much
consequence as a preventive measure.
Increased vigilance demanded if cholera threatens.
2. General and other officers in command should at all
times give their utmost attention to the conservancy and
general sanitary condition of a station. If an outbreak ap-
pears probable, every ordinary precaution should be attended
to with increased vigilance, but if the disease has actually
appeared in the cantonment or its vicinity, more harm than
good is likely to arise from any attempts at improvement
which may then be made. This is not the time to cleanse
foul drains or to remove nuisances which may have hitherto
* The same principles as are contained in these Rules should govern the measures
to be taken when cholera appears among Native troops; but as the disease rarely attacks
them with any great severity, it is left to the Military and Medical authorities on the spot
to determine in their case how far the procedure herein prescribed ought to be adopted
under the particular circumstances.
( 2 )
been neglected, and such possible sources of disease should,
in these circumstances, be left undisturbed.
Duties of Staff Surgeon and Cantonment Magistrate as regards the Bazaars.
3. Whenever cholera is to be apprehended, the Staff
Surgeon and Cantonment Magistrate should keep a special
watch on the condition of the bazaars, and any case of
cholera should be immediately reported to the Officer Com-
manding the Station. The register of deaths should be
carefully scrutinized.
Precautionary measures in Barracks.
4. Especial care should be taken to prevent crowding
in barracks and hospitals, and, when considered advisable
during the hot season, a portion of the men should be
permitted to sleep in the outer verandahs, or in tents pitched
for the purpose in the vicinity of the barracks. If cholera
threatens, even though the men may have the full regulated
amount of space, they should be spread out as much as
possible, advantage being taken of any spare buildings
which can be conveniently employed.
5. The early treatment of premonitory symptoms is of
very great importance, and of these looseness of the bowels
is the chief. At seasons, therefore, when cholera threatens,
and still more so when it is more than usually prevalent,
Commanding Officers should give the most precise orders 011
this subject, and see that measures are taken for paying the
most vigilant attention to the health of the men in barracks,
and for treating there, or in observation wards entirely
separate from the hospital, all slight cases of diarrhœa or other
disease, which, if neglected, might pass into cholera. As
the men during cholera time have a natural dread of going
into hospital, and are apt on this account to conceal the
early symptoms in order to escape being sent there, it is of
importance that every facility for the immediate treatment of
diarrhoea should be afforded them in baracks. Non-Commis-
sioned Officers in each room should accordingly be provided
with suitable medicines, care being taken that the proportion
of opium or any other dangerous drug should be small.
Sanitary measures necessary when new buildings are being carried on.
6. Whenever new buildings are being carried on, it
is most important, with regard to the health of their future
( 3 )
occupants, that the ground and water in the neighbourhood
should be protected from pollution. Special care must be
taken that proper conservancy arrangements are organized
for workmen, coolies, &c., and that the orders are strictly
enforced. The workmen should not be allowed to sleep in
or about barracks and other public buildings under con-
struction. They can generally find shelter in the neigh-
bouring city or bazaars ; but, in exceptional cases, where no
such facilities exist, temporary huts should be erected for
them outside the boundary pillars.
Communication with infected localities to be prevented.
7. If cholera appears among the Native population in
the neighbourhood, communication with the infected locality
should, as far as possible, be prevented. The same principle
should be acted upon on all occasions during the continu-
ance of the disease, for frequent communication with places
where the disease is prevalent will always be likely to cause
alarm and to produce bad results. As one valuable means
of attaining this object, the provision of stores attached to
the regimental canteen should be encouraged, so that soldiers
and their families may be able to supply their wants without
going to the city or bazaars.
Management of Native Soldiers returning from leave.
8 With the same object Native soldiers rejoining
from leave, or otherwise returning from a part of the
country in which cholera was prevailing at the time of their
residing in it, or passing through it, should not be allowed
to rejoin their regiments until it has been shown that they
are free from the disease. This can easily be done by pitch-
ing a tent for their temporary accommodation outside can-
tonments when required.
Military and Sanitary Authorities to make themselves acquainted with the
country in the neighbourhood of their stations.
9. Officers Commanding Divisions, Districts, or Sta-
tions, as well as all Sanitary Officers, will make themselves
thoroughly acquainted with the ground in the neighbourhood
of their stations to the extent of 20 miles, with a view to the
selection of sites for encampments in the event of cholera
appearing, as well as to such measures being taken as they
( 4 )
may dcem advisable to remove or counteract any probable
source of disease.
Officer of the Barter Master General's Department attached to the
Command to prepare plan of the neighbouring country.
10. The Officer of the Quarter Master General's "Depart-
ment attached to each Command will prepare a plan of the
required extent of country, on a scale of one inch to the
mile, with the different encamping grounds marked on it, so
that the troops may be placed under canvas without delay,
whenever such a measure is considered advisable.
Points to le attended to in choosing encamping grounds.
11. In selecting these encampments, enquiry should
be made into the previous character of the neighbourhood
with regard to liability to cholera or exemption from it.
The ground should, when possible, be high, with natural
facilities for drainage, with a plentiful supply of good water,
and, if possible, easy of access. Although rank vegetation
is objectionable, the presence of large trees should be con-
sidered advantageous, because they add to the salubrity of
the air, and because their shade will be valuable.
Number and situation of such grounds.
12. The circumstances of different cantonments vary
so much that no definite rule can be laid down either as
regards the number of such encamping grounds or their situ-
ations, but it is very desirable that several such places should
bo selected, and that their distance from cantonments should
vary, some being close at hand and others further off.
Selection can best le made in the rainy season.
13. The greatest care is necessary in selecting good
sites, and this can only be properly done during those days
in the rainy season when sudden and heavy falls of rain
afford ready and reliable proof as to the real suitability of
any spot for a camp. The selection should be made in com-
munication with the local Civil authorities, whose knowledge
of the locality will enable them readily to point out the
most eligible sites.
( 5 )
The use of selected camps obligatory, except when suitable buildings are
available.
14. When sites for camps have been selected and ap-
proved by competent authority, care must be taken that
they are always kept in a fit state for occupation, and it
must be understood that, in the event of the troops going
under canvas, these are the places which, as a general rule,
are to be used. If, however, during the hot and rainy
seasons, any buildings entirely separate and away from can-
tonments are available, they should be used in preference to
placing men in camp, especially when the ground is either
covered with water, or when it is drying up in the months
of August and September.
Encamping grounds on great lines of communication are objectionable.
15. The existing encamping grounds, which are ordi-
narily used by troops on the mardi, are very commonly situ-
ated upon great lines of communication, and are therefore
objectionable, for bodies of men supposed to be infected
with disease ought always to be isolated as much as possible.
For the same reason, if the supply of good water and other
circumstances admit of a choice, the vicinity of a village,
and especially of any large village, should be avoided.
And should only be resorted to when no others are available.
16. It may sometimes happen that these encamping
grounds must be resorted to, either because no other places
suitable in themselves can be found, or because during the
rainy season they are the only ones easily accessible ; but,
when it possible, ground not in the vicinity of great
thoroughfares should be preferred.
Expense of preparing the encamping grounds need be very little.
17. In some instances a slight expenditure may occa-
sionally be requisite in clearing the ground, in improving
its drainage, in increasing or improving the water-supply, or
in making it easy of access, and these, especially the two
first, arc matters of very great importance, which should
receive frequent and careful attention. If ground be judi-
ciously chosen, the expense need be very little.
( 6 )
Construction of earthen platforms not considered generally necessary.
18. As the sites will be selected almost with the cer-
tainty of their being required during the rainy season, they
must be in themselves tolerably high and well-drained ; the
construction, therefore, of raised earthen platforms at these
camps is not, as a rule, considered necessary, but where the
nature of the ground is such that a dry site cannot other-
wise be obtained for pitching the tents, the circumstances
should be specially reported to the Quarter Master General,
and sanction solicited for any such works of this nature as
may be deemed advisable.
Selection of encamping grounds on the Une of railway.
19. In all divisions or districts on the line of railway,
encamping grounds, in addition to those already referred to,
will be selected in suitable localities within 50 or 70 miles
of military cantonments on these lines, in order that, should
it be considered expedient, regiments or detachments may
proceed thence by rail in the hope of getting clear of the
radius within which the epidemic may have pronounced
itself. In selecting these grounds, the general principles
already laid down should be adhered to, but as carriage from
the line to the encampment may frequently be a matter of
difficulty, the spots chosen should not be further than one
or two miles from the railway, and, if possible, in its imme-
diate vicinity.
SECTION II.
MEASURES TO BE ADOPTED ON APPEARANCE OF CHOLERA.
General preparations.
20. On cholera appearing, either in the neighbouring
villages or in the cantonments, the authorities must be pre-
pared for immediate action ; every ordinary sanitary precau-
tion must continue to receive increased attention and every
necessary measure prepared for placing the troops under
canvas, should this be required. Everything must, as far
as possible, be considered beforehand, so that, when the
necessity occurs, there may be no doubt regarding the course
to be pursued, and no reason for delay. The most suitable
encamping grounds must be decided on, the vicinity of places
in which cholera is prevalent being, of course, scrupulously
avoided. General and other Officers in Command should act
( 7 )
in anticipation of sanction on their own responsibility, and
on the advice of the senior Medical Officer, reporting fully
at the sanie time to the Quarter Master General, for the in-
formation of His Excellency the Comrnander-in-Chief, the
measures they may have adopted to arrest the progress of
the disease.
Preparatory Camp.
21. If cholera has been prevalent in the neighbour-
hood, and there is therefore reason to fear that it may attack
the troops, a preparatory camp should at once be formed.
This need not ordinarily be clone until the disease has ac-
tually appeared in the cantonment ; but if more than one
case occur among the European soldiers or their families
under such circumstances as have been above stated, the
formation of the preparatory camp should be considered
imperative. Tents should be pitched at the nearest selected
ground, which, if possible, should not be further distant than
two or three miles from the cantonments, so that all may
be in readiness for a move in case it may be necessary. The
size of this camp will, of course, depend on the strength of
the garrison and other circumstances. In some cases it
will be advisable to provide for a proportion of the whole
garrison, in others only for part of a particular regiment or
battery. The exact size of the camp must be decided by
the local authorities after a full consideration of all the facts
and of the amount of danger to be anticipated. The pre-
vious history of the station as regards cholera will afford
valuable data on this point.
All unnecessary alarm should be prevented.
22. All unnecessary alarm, among the troops or the
community should be prevented, yet every arrangement
should, under the authority of the Officer Commanding, be
made by the Commissariat Department in connection with
the Civil authorities for providing the carriage required to
convey tents and baggage to and from the encamping
grounds or railway stations, so that it may be at once avail-
able in case of its being required.
Military authorities to send to other stations intelligence regarding
outbreak and progress of cholera.
23. It is of the utmost importance that every station
should receive notice of the possible approach of danger,
( 8 )
and whenever cholera shows itself at a station or in a dis-
trict, the fact must be at once reported by telegraph, when
practicable, to the neighbouring stations. Information must
also be sent from time to time of the progress or cessation
of the disease, any circumstances being noticed the know-
ledge of which may appear likely to be useful at other
stations. These reports may be always made in a few
words, and need give but little trouble.
Military and Civil authorities to communicate freely with each other
regarding outbreak and progress of cholera.
24. All information received by the Military authorities
should be at once communicated by them to the Chief Civil
authorities of the district, who in their turn must be held
responsible for obtaining immediate notice of the outbreak of
cholera in their jurisdiction, and of communicating the fact
to the Military authorities without delay.
Transmission of information need cause no alarm.
25. The transmission of information regarding cholera
need cause no alarm. If it be thought necessary, the
reports may be considered confidential, but it is believed
that this will seldom or never be desirable. The knowledge
that the attack of the disease is considered possible will be
far more likely to produce beneficial than mischievous
results, and the belief that the authorities are alive to the
danger and prepared to meet it, will tend to allay rather
than to increase unnecessary alarm.
Ulmost unanimity in all Departments and hearty co-operation with the
civil authorities essential.
26. The utmost unanimity is essential in all Depart-
ments to give effect to the above recommendations ; all
should work cordially for the public good and in constant
communication with the Civil authorities, whose hearty co-
operation is especially needed with regard to the supply of
carriage. They should use every lawful means to prevent
delay in obtaining carriage for the troops, as the loss even
of a few hours in moving troops away from a station may
lead to most serious consequences. On all occasions every
use should be made of the moveable column carriage. All
movements of troops and changes of camping ground should
be at once reported to the Civil authority of the district.