NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
4
The 264 posts were distributed as shown below during the year
under report: —
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Itinerating
...
...
...
...
...
In charge of veterinary institutions
...
Leave reserve ... ... ... ...
Attached to head office ... ... ...
Employed in the Madras
Veterinary
College ... ... ... ... ...
Employed in the Agricultural Depart-
ment ... ... ... ... ...
Employed in the Forest Department ...
Employed in the Ootacamund Munici-
pality
...
...
...
...
...
Total ...
* 92
†5
110
†3
32
1
13
‡4
3
1
264
II.—Education—Madras VETERTNARY College.
(i)
Instruction.
(a) Staff.
5. The following officers constituted the gazetted staff of the
College during the year: —
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Mr. T. J. Hurley, Principal and Professor of Medicine.
„ V. Krishnamurti Ayyar, Professor of Pathology
and Bacteriology.
„ K. Kailasam Ayyar, Lecturer in Hygiene, Resident.
Veterinary Officer and Personal Assistant to the
Principal.
„ M. P. V. Panikkar, Lecturer in Pharmacology.
„ M. Anant Narayan Rao, Lecturer in Parasitology.
„ K. S. Nayar, Lecturer in Surgery.
„ H. N. Chelva Ayyangar, Lecturer in Anatomy.
The lectureship in Physiology was vacant throughout the year
in the absence of a duly qualified officer. Each of the professors
and lecturers had an assistant, borne on the cadre of the Madras
Veterinary Subordinate Service.
(b) Training.
6. The second year course under the new curriculum referred
to in the last year's report, was introduced in July 1931, so that
during the year under report, the first and second year courses
were brought under the revised curriculum while the third year
class alone remained under the old curriculum. The subjects
taught under the new curriculum for the second year class were—
(1) Histology and Embryology.
(2) Physiology including Bio-Chemistry.
* Plains, † Agency. ‡ 3 plus 1 temporary.
8
(3) Pathology, Bacteriology and Immunology.
(4) Parasitology including Protozoology.
(5) Pharmacology including Materia Medica.
(6) Surgical Anatomy and Shoeing.
Consequent on the introduction of the new curriculum in the first
and second year classes, there has been during the year under
report, a considerable improvement in the practical side of the
instruction imparted to students. The lectures in different
subjects were supplemented with practical classes and demonstra-
tions with the aid of specimens and magic lantern slides.
Although the final year students were taught under the old curri-
culum, they were given ample opportunities to gain practical
knowledge of clinical lectures and demonstrations and also by
making it obligatory on their part to work in turn in important
sections of the College, such as the clinical laboratory, rinderpest
virus production section, etc. In order to bring home to the
students the necessity for maintaining a proper record of post
mortems, a printed notebook was introduced which each student
of the second and third year classes was required to maintain.
(c) Admission of Students.
7. The Committee appointed for the selection of candidates for
admission to the College, met at Bezwada and Madias on 27th
June 1931 and 30th June 1931, respectively, and selected 40
students in all for admission. The total strength of the first
year class towards the close of the year was 46 including the
failed students of the previous year who rejoined the class, Native
State scholars and private paying students. Of these 46 students,
12 were scholarship-holders, 23 non-paying students and 11 pay-
ing students. As regards the educational qualifications of these
students, 13 were Intermediates and above, while the remaining
33 were S.S.L.C. holders declared eligible for the College course.
Of the latter 33, thirteen had obtained 45 per cent of marks and
above in English and twenty had less than 45 per cent in
English.
In the second and third year classes, there were 31 and 48
students respectively at the end of the year. Thus the total
number of students undergoing the course in all the three classes
at the College during the year, was 125, as against 117 of the
previous year. The different communities to which these 125
students belonged are shown below: —
Non-Brahmans
Brahmans ...
Muhammadans
Indian Christians
Anglo-Indian
Depressed classes
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
51
38
18
12
1
6
125
6
(d) Professional Examinations.
8. The Board which conducted the annual professional exami-
nations in the College in March 1931, recommended that students
who failed in class ' B ' should be re-examined as a special case
in June 1931, as otherwise with the introduction of the new curri-
culum in this class in July 1931, these students would be compelled
to study under the new conditions and that this would cause hard-
ship and inconvenience. A special supplementary examination for
these students was accordingly held with the sanction of Govern-
ment in June 1931 and it was conducted by the Director of Veteri-
nary Services and the Principal, Madras Veterinary College.
Eleven students appeared for the examination and ail of them were
declared successful.
A supplementary examination was conducted by the Principal
in October 1931 for four students of the first year class who failed
in not more than one subject in the annual examination of March
1931 and who were provisionally promoted to the second year class.
All the four students came out successful.
The annual professional examinations of the College were held
during the year, as usual, in March 1932 and were conducted by
an Examining Board specially constituted for the purpose. The
President and Members of the Board were—
President.
1. Mr. P. T. Saunders, Director of Veterinary Services.
Members.
2. Major C. A. Murray, D.A.D.V.S., Bangalore.
3. Mr. T. J. Hurley, Principal, Madras Veterinary College.
4. Mr. V. Krishnamurti Ayyar, Professor of Pathology and
Bacteriology.
5. Mr. A. K. Mitra, Madras Veterinary Service officer.
In the first year class, 45 students appeared for the examination and
33 passed, the percentage of passes being 73.3; in the second year
class 31 appeared and 20 passed, the percentage of passes being
64.5; and in the third (final) year class 48 appeared and 39 passed
and were awarded the Diploma of the College, the percentage of
passes being 81.25. The Board of Examiners considered the results
satisfactory. Major C. A. Murray recorded his opinion that the
standard of proficiency shown by the final year class students in
both practical and written examinations in Surgery was excep-
tionally high.
(e) Refresher Course.
9. It was not found possible to hold the refresher course during
the year as the lecturers already had heavy work in connexion with
the introduction of the new curriculum in the first and second year
classes and as there was difficulty in finding accommodation for
all the practical classes.
7
(f) University Degree in Veterinary Science.
10. The question of the institution of a University Degree in
Veterinary Science and the affiliation of the Madras Veteri-
nary College to the University was taken up with the Madras
University during the year. The Syndicate of the University
referred the proposal to a select committee consisting of Dr. R. A.
Lakshmanaswami Mudaliyar as convenor and Messrs. P. T.
Saunders, V. Krishnamurti Ayyar, M. R. V. Panikkar, T. Murari
and J. P. Manikkani as Members. The Committee met in July
1931 and after considering the proposal unanimously recom-
mended to the Syndicate that steps should be taken to institute a
degree in Veterinary Science and that the degree course should
be so framed as to develop the basic sciences. The details of the
scheme are being worked out by the Special Committee and when
they are ready and after a decision is arrived at by the Univer-
sity in the matter, the scheme will be submitted for the consi-
deration of Government.
(g) Hostel, Health and Athletics.
11. The new hostel buildings which were in the course of
construction in the previous year, were completed and handed over
to this department during the year. Mr. K. Kailasam Ayyar,
Lecturer in Hygiene, was appointed Superintendent of the hostel
and attended to the management of the hostel. The new hostel
provides accommodation for 120 students, but only 89 students were
in the hostel during the year under report. About the close of the
year, Government while sanctioning a concessional rate of rent of
Rs. 3 per mensem per student, issued orders that all students of
the College except those residing with their parents or relations
should reside in the hostel. This may result in the hostel accommo-
dation being fully utilized in future years.
Regarding messing arrangements, there were two sections,
vegetarian and non-vegetarian, and they were managed by the
representatives of the students themselves.
The health of the students was uniformly good throughout the
year and their conduct satisfactory. The athletic activities of the
students were good. In addition to football, hockey, cricket, tennis
and badminton, volley ball was introduced during the year. The
College teams took part in the Inter-Collegiate and Wilson's Cup
football tournaments. The annual College Day sports were con-
ducted with the usual enthusiasm and success.
(ii) Hospital.
12. Mr. M. R. V. Panikkar, Lecturer in Pharmacology, and
Mr. K. S. Nayar, Lecturer in Surgery, were in charge of the medi-
cal and surgical oases respectively of the Veterinary hospital
attached to the Madras Veterinary College, and the hospital conti-
nued to show satisfactory progress. There was an increase in the
total number of admissions during the year as compared with the
previous year, the figures for the two years 1931-32 and 1930-3J
8
being 4,680 and 3,794 respectively, but there has been a fall in the
hospital receipts from lis. 4,875-12-6 in the previous year to
lis. 4,303-15-0 in the year under report.
The branch veterinary dispensary for out-patients at Rayapuram
remained under the control of the Principal, Madras Veterinary
College, throughout the year and continued to show satisfactory
progress. The total number of cases treated at the institution
increased to 2,958 during the year from 2,125 of the previous year.
The daily average attendance at the dispensary for the year was
31.6 as against 31.3 in the previous year. Fifty-three cases of
special interest were sent from this institution to the Madras
Veterinary College for treatment.
(iii) Shocing
Forge.
13. The shoeing forge attached to the Madras Veterinary
College was utilized, as usual, to give the students practical
instruction in shoeing. The number of horses shod and the num-
ber of shoes repaired at the forge during the year were 870 and
118 respectively as against 905 and 320 respectively in the previous
year. The fall in the number of cases shod is mainly due to the
general decrease in the number of horse-drawn vehicles in the
city. There was a net profit of Rs. 441-9-9 in the working of
the forge during the year.
(iv) Laboratory.
(a) Pathological and Bacteriological Section.
14. Mr. G. A. Ajwani, acting Lecturer in Pathology and
Bacteriology, was in charge of this section from the beginning of
the year till 30th November 1931, when Mr. V. Krishuamurti
Ayyar, Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology, assumed charge
of the section and continued to hold it till the end of the year.
In the year under review, 1,288 specimens and other morbid
materials were received for examination of which 480 were patho-
logical and 808 bacteriological. This number excludes those that
were examined as a routine in connexion with the post mortem
examinations conducted on requisition from the wards. The
specimens received and examined during the year are shown
below: —
Number of Specimens received and examined during the
year classified under the several heads.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
From the staff of the Civil Veterinary
Department ... ...
... ..
From the wards of the Madras Veterinary
College
...
...
...
From the Agricultural College
From the Forest Department
From the Native States ...
From the Corporation of Madras
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
... ...
Total ...
988
190
90
3
4
13
1,288
9
Twenty samples of industrial material were received for exami-
nation during the year and Anthrax infection was detected in 6
of them.
15. In the course of examination of the different materials
that were received in the laboratory as well as of carcasses for
post mortem examination, special mention deserves to be made
of the following : —
(1) Twenty-three cases of Streptothrix infection have been
microscopically confirmed in the lesions of nasal granuloma in
cattle, and in one case, the lesion was detected in the growth from
the upper jaw of a bull-calf aged) three years, a patient of the
veterinary dispensary, Narasaraopet.
(2) Acid-fast bacilli indistinguishable from tubercle bacilli
were detected in the smears and sections front the lungs and
glands removed on post mortem from a cow and sent for exami-
nation from the veterinary hospital, Vizianagram.
(3) In addition to cases of Anthrax among bovines, the
disease was detected in an elephant in a circus camp at Saidapet
and in a horse in another circus camp at Madras. Another case
was detected in a horse at Bobbili.
(4) A case of tuberculosis in an Airdale bitch was observed
during the course of a routine post mortem examination wherein
the lungs and kidneys showed miliary lesions with enlargement
and caseated condition of the hepatic lymph gland.
(5) A case of worm-aneurism at the posterior aorta of a
dog resulting in the rupture of the vessel and internal hæmorr-
hage is interesting to record.
(6) Sixteen specimens suspected for contagious abortion were
received from Hosur, Chintaldevi and Agricultural College,
Coimbafore. Serological tests conducted with the materials
received gave negative results in all cases.
16. Post mortem examinations.—The
total number of post
mortems conducted by this section on requisition was 105. This
excludes the number of post mortems held on experimental
animals in connexion with routine diagnostic work.
Students of the second and third year classes were given ample
opportunities to conduct post mortem examinations and record
the results themselves under the supervision of a member of the
staff.
17. Vaccine.—During
the year, vaccine treatment was given
to 152 cases, of which 54 was for bovine lymphangitis alone.
The results after inoculation so far received are satisfactory.
Sixty requisitions for supply of a vaccine against pseudo-fowl pest
were received from the staff of the department, States and private
bodies, and 742 doses were issued for use.
10
(b) Parasitological Section.
18. Mr. M. Anant Narayan Rao, Lecturer in Parasitology,
continued to be in charge of this section throughout the year.
The number of specimens, etc., received and examined in this
section and the clinical laboratory during the year are noted
below: —
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
From the staff of the Civil Veterinary
Department ... ... ... ...
From the Corporation of Madras ... ...
From the Province of Coorg ... ...
From the staff of the Agricultural Depart-
ment ... ... ... ... ...
From the wards of the College hospital ...
Total ...
782
141
4
57
2,897
3,881
The above figures do not include the number of specimens
collected by the staff of this section for class purposes or for research
work.
Forty-eight bottles containing specimens of helminthes were
received from different parts of the Presidency. Besides these,
36 Bottles of worms were collected by the staff of the College and
this section.
The following is the list of worms added to the College
Museum: —
(1) Oesophagastomum dentatum
(2) Borgelatia species ...
(3) Micipsilla numidica ...
(4) Skrjabinia species ...
(5) Metabronema species ...
(6) Ainœbstaeuia spensides ...
(7) Anoplocephala perfoliata
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Pig.
Do.
Hare.
Calotes versicolor.
Barbustigma.
Domestic fowl.
Horse.
It is believed that no worms of the genus Borgelatia and
Micipsilla have previously been reported from this Presidency or
possibly from India. The Borgelatia species were collected from
the small intestines of a pig in Ootacamund, and Micipsilla
numidia from the liver of a hare in Tiruvannamalai. The
lapetted tape-worm of the horse seems to be rare in the locally
bred ponies in this Presidency, and a couple of worms were
obtained from Ootacamund from a horse believed to be imported
One case of Oxyuris equi was received during the year.
19. Ectoparasites.—Thirty-two
bottles containing ticks collect-
ed from sheep and goats were received during the year. The ticks
were—
1. Rhiphicephalus hæmaphysaloides.
2. Hæmaphysalis bispinosa.
3. Hyalomma ægyptium.
11
Thirty bottles of ectoparasites collected from cattle, horses, dogs
and chickens contained the following: —
(1) Hæmaphysalis bispinosa.
(2) Hyalomma ægytium.
(3) Rhiphicephalus sanguineus.
(4) Margaropus annulatus.
(5) Larvæ of Argus persicus.
(6) Amblyomma integrum.
The last specimen was removed from the udder of a cow in Pal-
ghat. The sheep and goats seem to be more commonly infested
with Rhiphicephalus hæmaphysaloides than with other varieties
of ticks.
20. Flies.—A fly of the genus hæmatopota taken from a pony
in Ootacamund was received. Two larvæ of Porocephalus species
found in the muscle of fresh-water fish were received from Somwar-
pet, Coorg. A large number of Tabanus striatus and a few
Tabanus virgs and Tabanus ditæminatus were collected at Kaveri-
pakkam and Ranipet during the hot months of May and July.
(c) Clinical Laboratory.
21. Messrs. G. R. Viswanatha Ayyar and L. S. Parameswara
Ayyar, Laboratory Assistants, were in charge of this laboratory
from 1st April 1931 to 11th March 1932 and from 12th March
1932 to the end of the year respectively.
The laboratory, during hospital hours, continued to examine
smears, fæces, scrapings, urine, etc., received from the different
words of the College hospital as well as from the rattle depots of
the Corporation of Madras. It also afforded facilities for the
students to gain practical knowledge in the different methods
adopted for the examination of specimens with a view to arrive
at a correct diagnosis.
(d) Rinderpest Virus Section.
22. Mr. K. Kailasam Ayyar, Lecturer in Hygiene, remained
in charge of this section during the year under report.
The
production of rinderpest virus was carried on regularly through-
out the year and 234,450 c.cs. of virus winch covered 307 brews
were prepared during the year as against 380,575 c.cs. in the
previous year, the demand during the year under report being
less than that of the previous year.
Three hundred and seventy calves were purchased for virus
production of which 55 were buffalo calves. In addition, 2 calves
purchased last year were also used. Five sheep were also pur-
chased for experimental purposes.
12
The following protozon infections were detected in the calves
during the period of observation: —
(1) Piroplasma bigeminum in 59 calves.
(2) Trypanasomes in 1 calf.
(3) Mucisfilaria in 18 calves.
(4) Coccidia in 23 calves.
(5) Theileria mutans in 23 calves.
The total number of microscopical specimens, e.g., blood, fæces,
etc., examined during the year amounted to 6,571. Post mortem
examinations were conducted on 249 cases.
III.—SERUM INSTITUTE.
23. The production of anti-rinderpest serum being an essential
factor in the preventive measures adopted for rindorpest, the ques-
tion of the establishment of a Serum Institute in this Presidency
with a view to ensure a prompt and uninterrupted supply of serum
for use in the districts has been under consideration.
Experi-
ments were conducted at the Madras Veterinary College during
the previous year and the year under report to ascertain whether
potent serum could be manufactured in or near Madras City both
in the hot and cold weather. The results of the experiments
having afforded sufficient data, a detailed scheme for the establish-
ment of an institute in Madras for the production of serum on a
large scale, was drawn up during the year and submitted to
Government.
Since the close of the year, Government issued
orders sanctioning the establishment of the institute. The insti-
tute was recently opened at Perambur and the manufacture of
serum is in progress.
IV.—INVESTIGATION AND RESEARCH.
(a) Rinderpest
Investigation.
24. With a view to conducting an investigation into the
methods adopted at present for combating rinderpest in this
Presidency, to ascertain the most economical and efficient dose
of serum required to protect cattle by the serum simultaneous
method and suggesting measures for improving the statistics
relating to outbreaks of rinderpest and mortality due to it, Govern-
ment sanctioned during the year under report the creation of a
post of Special Rinderpest Officer temporarily for a period of two
years. Mr. H. C. Sampath Ayyangar, Madras Veterinary
Service officer, who was first appointed to this post, assumed
charge of it on 13th July 1931 and carried on the investigation
till 21st December 1931, when he was succeeded by Mr. C. Surya-
narayanamurti Pantulu, Madras Veterinary Service officer.
A programme of work and a detailed memorandum of the
points for investigation were drawn up and issued for the guidance
of the officer. For purposes of investigation the Presidency was
classified under the following areas according to the different
13
breeds of cattle, climatic conditions, etc. The Special Rinderpest
Officer was instructed to begin his investigation in the Ongele area
and carry out the programme in all the six areas one after another
in the order mentioned: —
(1) The Ongole area, comprising practically the whole of
the Andhra country including Ceded districts, where the predomi-
nent type of cattle is of the Ongole breed.
(2) The Kangayam area, comprising the Coimbatore district
and the contiguous parts of Salem, Madura and Trichinopoly dis-
tricts, where the prevailing breed is of the Kangayam type.
(3) The Alambadi area, comprising the breeding tracts of
Dharmapuri, Hosur and Krishnagiri taluks of Salem district and
Kollegal taluk of the Coimbatore district.
(4) The West Coast area, comprising the districts of Mala-
bar and South Kanara.
(5) The Central area, comprising the districts of Chittoor,
North Arcot, South Arcot, Chingleput and Tanjore.
(6) The Southern area, comprising Trichinopoly, Madura,
Ramnad and Tinnevelly districts.
The investigation is in progress and the officer has recently
submitted an interim report of the investigation so far made and
this report is being submitted to Government separately.
(b) Indigenous Methods of
Treatment.
25. With a view to utilizing to the fullest possible extent the
vast agricultural and vegetable resources of the country in
veterinary medicine and animal husbandry and in order to make
a thorough investigation on scientific lines of the indigenous drugs
from the veterinary stand point of view, the question of appointing
a research staff has been under consideration for some time.
During the year under report, a detailed scheme for the appoint-
ment of a research officer to undertake this investigation in
collaboration with the Medical Department was drawn up and as
it was considered that the scheme, in view of its all-India
importance, should be financed by the Imperial Council of Agri-
cultural Research, it was, after approval by the local Agricultural
Advisory Committee and the Government, forwarded to the
Imperial Council of Agricultural Research for consideration and
acceptance. It was considered by the Advisory Board of the
Imperial Council of Agricultural Research at its meeting held
at Simla in June 1931 and was accepted with slight modification.
The investigation will be taken on hand as soon as the sanction
of the Council is received.
(c) Diseases Investigation—General
Scheme of the
Imperial Council of Agricultural
Research.
26. The Imperial Council of Agricultural Research has
sanctioned a general scheme for the appointment of Veterinary
Investigation Officers in all the provinces in India for a period of
five years. This scheme provides for the grant of Rs. 10,000 per