NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CIVIL VETERINARY
DEPARTMENT, NORTH-WEST FRONTIER
PROVINCE, FOR THE YEAR 1915-16.
------x------
PART I.—GENERAL ADMINISTRATION.
Officer in charge.
1. Mr. Meadows held charge of the Civil Veterinary Department
administration of the North-West Fron-
tier Province and of the North Punjab
throughout the year 1915-16.
Extent and duration of tour.
2. Mr. Meadows toured 115 days in the North-West Frontier Province,
travelling 4,657 miles by rail and 1,429
by road, and also toured for 90 days in
the North Punjab Circle, travelling 2,872 miles by rail and 1,168 by road.
The monthly average of touring in both circles comes to 17.08 against 19.92
in the previous year.
The excess of time spent in the North Punjab the previous year
compared with the North-West Frontier Province was made good to the latter
Province during the year under report.
During the year Mr. Meadows spent 56 days under canvas compared
with 59 in the previous year.
The principal reasons for the lesser total amount of touring in compari-
son with the previous year were the lesser prevalance of contagious disease,
especially glanders, and the abandonment of some shows on account of scarcity,
and the fact that no special duty was undertaken in either circle.
Work performed on tour.
3. The Superintendent inspected all the Veterinary Hospitals in the
Province once or more than once. He
also inspected the offices of all the
Itinerating Veterinary Assistants, and made surprise visits to Bannu, Serai
Naurang, Teri and Kohat.
He attended and acted as a member of the Judging Committee at the
following Fairs and Shows, and sent reports on them to the Deputy Commis-
sioners concerned:—
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Peshawar Horse and Cattle Show.
Kohat
Bannu
ditto
ditto
Haripur Cattle Fair.
ditto.
ditto.
The following tonga lines were inspected, and reports concerning them
were sent to the Deputy Commissioners and Superintendent of Post Offices
concerned:—
(1) Pabbi-Cherat.
(2) Havelian-Abbottabad.
(3) Bannu-Kohat.
(4) Thal-Parachinar.
(5) Dera Ismail Khan-Daraban.
He attended the Agricultural Conference at Pusa in February 1916 as a
representative of the Civil Veterinary Department, North-West Frontier Pro-
vince.
He attended and passed the higher standard examination in Pashtu at
Peshawar in April 1915.
He personally checked the work on tour of the staff, i.e. inoculations,
castrations and general treatment of diseases.
He also attended several outbreaks of disease and inspected merino sheep
in Kaghan Valley.
As usual, during the course of his tour, the Superintendent interviewed
Revenue Commissioner and District Officers regarding veterinary matters, and
inspected all the District Board and Government stallions, and most of the
bulls in the Province.
(2)
The Superintendent was also able to purchase two donkey stallions
locally, one each for Bannu and Peshawar districts.
PART II.—TREATMENT OF DISEASES.
Mortality.-Table II.
4. During the year under report 22,144 cases of contagious diseases
were reported, of which 1,840 proved
fatal, compared with 14,134 cases and
1,971 deaths in the previous year.
Examination and collection of specimens.
5. During the year 121 pathological specimens were received in this
office, both from the North Punjab and
North-West Frontier Province, and they
all were examined by the Superintendent, compared with 108 in the previous
year.
SECTION I (a) —EQUINE CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Mortality.—Table II.
6. Equine contagious diseases were reported from three districts and two
agencies of the Province. In all 249
cases were reported, of which 7 died,
compared with 128 cases and 24 deaths in the previous year.
Glanders.—Table II.
7. During the year under report there were 2 cases of glanders against
22 last year. Diagnosis was confirmed
in all cases, and the animals were
destroyed under the Glanders and Farcy Act. Rs. 137-8-0 were paid as compen-
sation against Rs. 546-4-0 paid last year to the owners of animals destroyed.
Surra.—Table II.
8. Twenty-three cases of surra were reported, of which 5 were definites
reported to have died, although there is
little reason to doubt that they were all
fatal.
Other contagious diseases.—Table II.
9. Two hundred and twenty-four cases of other contagious diseases were
reported, of which none was reported to
have died, against 106 cases and 2
deaths last year They include the following diseases:—Barsati, strangles,
mange, tetanus and pink-eye.
SECTION I (b).—BOVINE CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Mortality.— Table II.
10. During the year under report 16,593 cases were reported, of which
1,350 died, compared with 13,019 cases
and 1,649 deaths in the previous year.
Rinderpest.—Table II.
11. Rinderpest appeared in two districts and one agency of the Province.
In all 1,727 cases were reported, of which
791 died, compared with 491 cases
and 248 deaths last year.
Preventive inoculations.—Table III.
12. During the year under report 10,020 animals were inoculated in
40 outbreaks, against 2,689 in 12
outbreaks last year. Rs. 2,662-8-0 were
paid by Government on account of cost of anti-rinderpest serum as compared
with Rs. 954-2-0 paid in the previous year.
Hæmorrhagic septicæmia.—Table II.
13. Hæmorrhagic septicæmia was reported from three districts of the
Province. In all 429 cases were reported,
of which 393 proved fatal, compared
with 1,211 cases and 1,024 deaths last
year.
Preventive inoculations.—Table III.
14. During the year under report 3,733 healthy animals were inoculated
against hæmorrhagic septicæmia in
15 outbreaks, compared with 5,529 in 6
outbreaks in the previous year.
Preventive vaccinations—Table III.
15. Seven thousand three hundred and sixty-eight animals were vacci-
nated against hæmorrhagic septicæmia
in 24 villages, where the disease usually
appears, compared with 2,758 in 28 villages last year.
(3)
Foot-and-mouth disease.—Table II.
16. This disease appeared in all the districts and agencies of the
Province. In all 14,243 cases were
reported, of which 30 died, against
10,783 cases and 14 deaths in the previous year. As usual the necessary
measures to check the disease were adopted by the staff of this Department.
Black-quarter—Table II.
17. Black-quarter was reported from two districts of the Province, viz.
Hazara and Dera Ismail Khan. One
hundred and fourteen cases occurred,
of which 98 proved fatal, compared with 188 cases and 160 deaths in
the previous year.
Preventive vaccinations.—Table III.
18. Three thousand three hundred and fifty-nine vaccinations were
performed against black-quarter in 21
villages as compared with 3,355
vaccinations in 23 villages in the preceding year.
Other contagious diseases.—Table II.
19. Eighty cases of other contagious diseases were reported during the
year under report, of which 38 died,
compared with 346 cases and 203
deaths last year. These include mange, giller, ring-worm and cow-pox.
SECTION I (C).—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Other animals.
Contagious diseases and mortality.—Table II.
20. The following contagious diseases occurred among other animals.
In all 5,302 animals were attacked, of
which 483 died, compared with 987
oases and 298 deaths last year :—
Disease.
Rinderpest …
Foot-and-mouth …
Other contagious diseases
...
...
...
Total
Attacked.
... 310
... 4,588
… 404
5,302
Died.
150
78
255
483
SECTION II.—OTHER DISEASES.
Treatment of diseases on tour.—Table IV.
21. During the year under report 1,211 villages were visited by
Veterinary Assistants on tour and 16,728
animals were treated. Last year 1,459
villages were visited and 14,955 animals were treated. 687 castrations were
performed as compared with 501 last year.
SECTION III.—VETERINARY HOSPITALS.
Veterinary Hospitals.—Table V.
22. During the year under report there were 19 Veterinary Hospitals.
in the Province, and the total number
of animals treated therein comes to
56,008. Last year 58,617 cases were treated in the same number of hospitals.
BUILDINGS.
Buildings.
23. Peshawar requires dog ward and Veterinary Assistants' quarters. It
is expected that the latter will be
constructed this year, but the necessity
of the former should not be overlooked.
Charsadda, Mardan, Swabi and Nowshera require petty additions, such
as extension of stables for in-door cases, contagious ward, &c.
Abbottabad requires syces' quarters.
Haripur is in need of contagious ward and syces' quarters.
Mansehra requires contagious ward, syces' quarters and sling room.
(4)
No additions are just at present required to the buildings of Veterinary
hospitals in Bannu and Kohat districts and Kurram, Tochi and Malakand
Agencies.
In the Dera Ismail Khan District, Tank requires buildings after the
standard plan, as the present building is not suitable, being only a small house
and courtyard in an old serai.
PART III.—BREEDING OPERATIONS.
SECTION I.—BOVINES.
Stud bulls.—Table VIII.
24. At the close of the year there were 11 stud bulls at work in the
Province against 8 last year. There
were 5 additions and 2 casualties during
the year.
SECTION II.—EQUINES.
Number of stallions.—Table X.
25. At the close of the year there were 12 horse and 7 pony stallions
in the non-selected districts and agencies
of the Province, or 2 less than the
sanctioned scale, against 12 horse and 8 pony stallions in the previous year.
The number of donkey stallions at stud at the close of the year was 16,
or one less than the sanctioned scale.
During the year two thorough-breds were purchased for the Peshawar
District, and an Arab for Bannu is being purchased from Bombay to replace
thorough-bred Australian " Sperry " sold on 27th October 1915.
An Arab pony from Kohat District was sold during the year under
report as he was suffering from barsati. He will also be replaced as soon as
possible.
During the year under report one donkey was destroyed in the Peshawar
District and one was stolen from Bannu. The one for Peshawar was replaced
towards the end of the year and the other for Bannu was also supplied early in
April 1916.
Services of stallions — Table XI.
26. Twelve horse and 8 pony stallions were actually employed at stud
against 12 horse and 7 ponies last year.
They covered 600 and 303 mares res-
pectively, giving an average of 50 and 37.87 against 55.16 and 53 in the
previous year.
Seventeen donkeys remained at stud during the year. They covered
834 mares against 930 by the same number of donkeys in the previous year, or
an average of 49.05 and 54.7 respectively.
Feed and keep of stallions.—Table XII.
27. The average cost of feed, keep. &c., of stallions is given in Table
XII. It amounted to Rs. 338-13-10
per horse, Rs. 337-2-5 per pony and
Rs. 290-1-5 per donkey against Rs. 270-10-3, Rs. 364-10-6 and Rs. 226-14-2
respectively during the previous year. The increase was due to the general
dearness of grain, &c.
SECTION III.—OTHER BREEDING OPERATIONS.
Merino rams.
28. At the commencement of the year there were 11 rams and 3 ewes
in the Hazara District. There were no
additions during the year.
SECTION IV.—FAIRS AND SHOWS.
Fairs and Shows.—Tables XIII and XIV.
29. The statistical information regarding Fairs and Shows is given in
Tables XIII and XIV. The Haripur
Cattle Fair was held early in April 1915,
and Dera Ismail Khan Horse and Cattle Show was abandoned on account of
famine.
(5)
PART IV.-SUBORDINATE STAFF.
Numerical strength —Table VII.
30. At the close of the year the
subordinate staff consisted of 26 men
as detailed below :—
Veterinary Inspectors
Veterinary Assistants, 1st grade
„ „ 2nd „
„ „ 3rd „
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total
...
...
...
...
%
6
8
10
26
The above shows that there were four men less than the sanctioned
strength. This is due to—
(a) deputation of two Veterinary Assistants to Military duty,
(b) death of one Veterinary Assistant, and
(c) one Veterinary Assistant absconded.
That is to say, there were two permanent vacancies and two temporary
ones.
Two more Veterinary Assistants were detailed for military duty in April
1916.
Three new posts of Veterinary Inspectors were sanctioned during the year
under report, and it was arranged that the posts of the five Itinerating Veterinary
Assistants employed in the districts of the Province were to be abolished on the
new Inspectorships being filled, but owing to shortage of men no new post was
filled up until the 1st of April 1916, when the Bannu Circle was reduced by
appointing a new Veterinary Inspector for Kohat District and Kurram Agency.
Traning of local men in the Punjab Veterinary
Collage.
31. Khan Bahadur, a candidate deputed from the Hazara District, came
out successful in the last final examina-
tion, and has since been appointed as 3rd
grade Veterinary Assistant in this
Department.
There are only two students in the Punjab Veterinary College now,—
Juma Khan from Peshawar and Chiman Lal from Bannu.
Work of subordinate staff.
32. Both the Clerical and Veterinary staff have, with the usual few
exceptions, worked well throughout the
year.
PART V.—EXPENDITURE OF THE DEPARTMENT.
33. The expenditure of the Department is given in Table XIV-A. The
figures are, as usual, supplied by the Accountant-General, Punjab and North-
West Frontier Province. Rs. 65,385 were spent against Rs. 55,952 in the pre-
vious year.
The increase is chiefly due to increase under head "Breeding operations."
GENERAL REMARKS.
34. During the year under report, owing to lack of staff, little, if any
progress has been attained.
It is satisfactory to note, however, that in spite of this difficulty and the
year of searcity, which was particularly severe in the southern districts, the work
of the hospitals has decreased only to a very small extent, and the work per-
formed on tour has actually increased.
Although the figures from all the provinces are not yet available for com-
parison, it is probable that the North-West Frontier Province Veterinary hospitals
still maintain the position that they held in 1914-15, during which year a
greater average number of cases was treated in them than in the hospitals of any
other province.
Some difficulty has been experienced in obtaining supplies for the
hospitals, and this difficulty is increasing, but so far no serious inconvenience to
the work of the hospitals has been caused.
(6)
The decrease in the services of the stallions can be ascribed to the year
of scarcity.
The great decrease in the incidence of glanders can only be regarded as
temporary, being due largely to vigorous searching for cases the previous
year and to climatic influences (dry season) being unfavourable to its
spread.
The North-West Frontier Province is now threatened with dourine,
which has recently been found in Baluchistan and the Dera Gazi Khan District
of the Punjab. A sharp look-out for the disease is being kept, but it will be
extremely difficult to find the outbreaks early, as the disease in the adjoining
territories has taken a very mild and chronic form, which is very difficult to
diagnose.
With the exception of foot-and-mouth disease and rinderpest (the
increase in the latter was in one locality only—Kurram Agency), there has been
a considerable decrease in contagious disease, as is generally the case in dry
years.
The stallion stable at Bannu was looted on 27th January 1916, and a
number of syces and sweepers, &c, were murdered and one donkey was carried
off.
It is hoped that the increase in Inspectorships and the doing away with
of the posts of Itinerating Veterinary Assistants, which latter work was always
unpopular, as it involved some personal discomfort and considerable financial
loss, may make service in the North-West Frontier Province more popular,
and help to overcome the difficulty in recruiting.
The increased number of Inspectors should easily be able to carry on the
work formerly done by the Itinerating Veterinary Assistants.
During the year under report there were 15 complaints against
Patwaris for reporting contagious disease late, or not at all.
Office work still remains excessive and tends to increase, but certain
changes made during the year under report and the previous year in office
routine and administrative details have had some effect in stemming the tide.
The appointment of a separate Superintentent for the North-West
Frontier Province has again been delayed; this time, it appears, by the difficulty
of obtaining men from Home.
The division of the double charge will be to the advantage of both
Provinces.
The Superintendent wishes to express his thanks to District Officers
for the help given by them to him and his staff in carrying on their work.
D. MEADOWS,
Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department,
North-West Frontier Province and North Punjab.
TABLE I.
Statement showing the Main results of Veterinary Colleges and Schools
during 1915-16.
Veterinary Colleges and Schools.
1
Total
Name of course of instruction if more than one
course followed.
2
NUMBER OF STUDENTS.
Admitted
during
the year.
Scholarship-holders.
3
No.
Others.
4
No.
Passed Final Examination during the year.
5
No.
Failed to pass Final Examination.
6
No.
Remaining under
instruction at
end of year.
In ordinary course.
7
No.
Instruction prolonged by
reason of failure to pass
8
No.
Students ad-
mitted during
the year class-
ed by educa-
tional quali-
fications.
Matriculated with higher
qualifications.
9
No.
Knowing some English,
but
not Matriculated.
10
No.
Knowing no English, or
very little English
11
No.
Receipts.
From fees.
12
Rs.
Nil.
Nil.
From other sources.
13
Rs.
Total.
14
Rs.
Expenditure.
Salaries of
Instructing
Staff.
15
Rs.
Other expenses.
16
Rs.
Total.
17
Rs.
Employment of stu-
dents who passed
out during the three
years preceding.
Total number passed.
18
No.
In service of Government
or Local Bodies.
19
No.
In service of other bodies
or institutions.
20
No.
In private practice.
21
No.
Number unemployed.
22
No.
RE MARKS .
23
TABLE II.
Statement showing number of Deaths from Contagious Diseases amongst
animals during the year 1915-16.
DISTRICT.
1
Peshawar …
Hazara …
Kohat …
Banna
...
Dera Ismail Khan
Malakand ...
Kurram ...
Tochi ...
Total …
EQUINES.
Glanders.
2
2
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
2
Anthrax.
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Surra.
4
...
...
...
...
...
3
2
...
5
Dourine.
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Other contagious dis-
eases.
6
…
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total.
7
2
...
…
...
...
3
2
...
7
Rinderpest.
8
4
...
218
...
...
569
...
791
Foot-and-mouth disease.
9
5
19
6
...
...
...
...
...
30
BOVINES.
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia.
10
145
152
...
...
96
...
...
...
393
Black quarter.
11
...
37
...
...
61
...
...
...
98
Anthrax.
12
...
…
…
...
...
...
...
…
…
Other contagious
diseases.
13
...
…
…
...
…
...
38
…
38
Total.
14
154
208
224
...
157
...
607
…
1,350
OTHERS.
Rinderpest.
15
…
…
150
...
...
...
...
...
150
Foot-and-mouth disease.
16
…
18
60
...
…
...
...
...
,78
Hæmorrhagic
septicæmia.
17
…
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
…
Anthrax.
18
…
…
...
...
...
...
...
…
Other contagious
diseases.
19
…
...
...
...
255
...
...
...
255
Total.
20
…
18
210
...
255
...
...
...
483
RE MARKS .
21
(ii)
TABLE III.
Statement showing results at Preventive Inoculation during the year 1915-16.
DISTRICT.
1
Peshawar ...
Kohat …
Kurram ...
Total …
Peshawar …
Hazara ...
Total …
Hazara …
Kohat …
Dera Ismail Khan
Kurram ...
Total …
Hazara …
Kurram ...
Dera Ismail Khan
Total …
GRAND TOTAL ...
Name of disease against which
inoculation was carried out.
2
Rinderpest
Do. ...
Do. ...
Hæmorohagic
septicæmia.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Black-
quarter.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Method of inoculation fol-
lowed.
3
Serum
alone.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Vaccine
alone.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Black-
legoids.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Number
of outbreaks in which
inoculation was undertaken.
4
1
6
83
40
9
6
15
16
2
2
4
24
15
4
2
21
100
NUMBER OF ANIMALS
WHICH DIED
UNINOCULATED IN
COURSE OF
OUTBREAK.
Equines.
5
…
...
...
...
…
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
…
...
...
...
...
Bovines
6
3
58
278
339
104
26
130
...
...
…
...
…
…
...
…
…
469
Others.
7
…
...
...
...
…
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
…
...
…
…
NUMBER OF ANI-
MALS INOCU-
LATED.
Equines.
3
…
...
…
…
…
...
…
…
…
...
…
…
…
..
…
…
…
Bovines.
9
1,158
2,654
6,208
10,020
2,655
1,078
3,733
2,891
2
1,617
2,858
7,368
1.200
1,700
459
3.359
24,480
Others.
10
...
…
…
…
…
…
…
...
...
...
...
...
...
…
…
...
…
NUMBER OF ANI-
MALS WHICH DIED
AFTER INOCULATION.
Equines.
11
…
...
...
…
…
...
…
...
...
…
...
…
...
…
…
…
...
Bovines.
12
...
1
3
4
…
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
...
...
1
5
Others.
13
...
...
...
…
…
...
…
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
…
…
REMARKS.
14
TABLE IV.
Statement showing the number of animals treated and castrated by Veterinary
Assistants on tour during 1915-16.
DISTRICT.
1
Peshawar ...
Hazara ...
Kohat ...
Bannu ...
Dera Ismail
Khan.
Malakand ...
Kurram ...
Tochi ...
Total ...
Number of villages visited
2
257
368
124
52
159
22
228
1
l,211
Number
of Veterina
Assistants employed.
3
6
4
3
2
4
1
2
1
23
CASTRATIONS PER-
FORMED.
Equines.
4
95
41
9
22
51
...
67
...
285
Bovines.
5
92
80
18
5
35
6
19
...
254
Others.
6
2
4
33
47
11
2
47
...
148
Total.
7
189
125
62
74
97
7
133
...
687
TREATED FOR CONTAGIOUS
DISEASES.
Equines
8
1
…
…
...
4
14
3
...
22
Bovines.
9
1,400
4,245
1,025
6
243
...
2,578
...
9.552
Others.
10
7
1,922
488
…
180
…
1,004
...
3,601
Total.
11
1,408
6.167
1,513
61
427
14
3,585
...
13,175
TREATED FOR NON-
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Equities.
12
362
267
104
64
194
14
331
...
1,336
Bovines.
13
545
458
234
63
256
...
158
...
1,714
Others.
14
47
134
104
11
104
...
103
...
503
Total.
15
954
859
442
138
554
14
592
...
3,553
Total number
of cases
treated
and castratious
16
2,551
7,151
2,017
273
1,078
35
4,310
...
17,415
REMARKS.
17
(iii)
TABLE V.
Statement showing number of Animals treated at Veterinary Hospitals and Dispensaries during the year 1915-16
DISTRICT.
1
Peshawar ...
Hazara ...
Kohat ...
Bannu ...
Dera Ismail Khan ...
Malakand ...
Kurram ...
Tochi ...
Total
...
Number of Veterinary Dispensaries.
2
5
3
3
2
3
1
1
1
19
Number of Veterinary Assistants
employed at Dispensaries.
3
5
3
3
2
3
1
1
1
19
IN-PATIENTS.
Remaining on
1st April.
Equines.
4
23
2
1
4
4
3
7
...
44
Bovines.
5
2
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
3
Other animals.
6
2
1
...
...
...
...
2
...
5
Admitted dur-
ing the year.
Equines.
7
830
381
239
332
521
59
303
42
2,707
Bovines.
8
192
168
16
49
119
1
7
6
558
Other animals.
9
40
35
7
20
20
4
41
6
173
Total.
Equines.
10
853
383
240
336
525
62
310
42
2,751
Bovines.
11
194
169
16
49
119
1
7
6
561
Other animals.
12
42
36
7
20
20
4
43
6
178
Discharged
during the gear.
Equines.
13
837
380
239
315
523
61
293
42
2,690
Bovines.
14
189
169
16
49
119
1
7
6
556
Other animals.
15
38
35
7
17
19
4
42
6
168
Balance on
31st March.
Equines.
10
16
3
1
21
2
1
17
...
61
Bovines.
17
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
5
Other animals.
18
4
1
...
3
1
...
1
...
10
OUT-PATIENTS.
Number treated
during the gear.
Equines.
19
6,206
3,117
2,552
2,743
4,402
903
1,368
510
21,801
Bovines.
20
5,822
4,814
3,620
4,530
2,296
260
954
272
22,568
Other animals.
21
1,567
1,678
2,201
1,206
807
76
368
246
8,149
Average daily
attendance.
Equines.
22
10.49
8.93
8.51
10.84
15.57
9.49
8.75
3.94
...
bovines.
23
10.58
9.18
9.11
14.47
7.34
2.19
3.6
1.83
...
Other animals.
24
2.67
2.48
6.03
4.7
4.44
.67
1.6
2.39
...
TOTAL NUMBER OF IN AND
OUT PATIENTS TREATED
DURING THE
YEAR.
Equines.
25
7,059
3,500
2,792
3,079
4,927
965
1,678
552
24,552
Bovines.
26
6,016
4,983
3,636
4,579
2,415
261
961
278
23,129
Other animals.
27
1,609
1,714
2,208
1,226
827
80
411
252
8,327
Total.
28
14,684
10,197
8,636
8,884
8,169
1,306
3,050
1,082
56,008
Recei pt s .
29
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Expendi t
ur e.
30
Rs.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...