NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
APPENDICES.
47
TABLE IX.—Statement of Distribution of Officers and Staff of the Department on the 31st March 1930.
Where employed.
(1)
School ... ...
South-Western Circle ...
South-Eastern Circle ...
Central Circle ...
Northern Circle ...
Arakan Sub-Circle ...
Research Section ...
Headquarters ...
Total for 1929-30 ...
Total for 1928-29 ...
Burma
Veterinary
Service.
Class I.
(2)
...
†1
† 1
1
...
1
1
5
3
Burma
Veterinary
Service.
Class II.
13)
* 1
1
2
1
1
1
...
...
7
7
Inspectors.
(4)
2
6
6
4
6
2
2
...
‡ 28
28
Veterinary
Assistants.
(5)
2
43
30
41
48
13
1
I
185
175
Frontier
Veterinary
Assistants.
(6)
...
...
4
1
...
...
...
5
5
Flying
Column
Veterinary
Assistants.
(7)
...
...
1
1
1
...
...
1
4
4
Clerks.
(8)
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
13
13
Remarks.
(9)
* Holds appointment of the Assistant Principal, Veterinary School.
† Member of Indian Veterinary Service.
‡ Includes 3 Frontier and 2 Flying Column Veterinary Inspectors.
48
APPENDICES.
TABLE X.—Statement showing the cost of the Veterinary Department in
the Province of Burma, during the year 1929-30.
Subheads.
(1)
(a) Superintendence ...
(b) Circle Officers ...
(c) Subordinate Estab
lishment.
(d) Expenses in connec
tion with Epizootic
diseases.
(e) Veterinary Instruc
tion.
(f) Veterinary
Re
search.
Total for 1929-30 ...
Total for 1928-29 ...
Amount.
Provincial.
Non-Voted.
(2)
Rs.
11,092
13,585
*2,451
Nil
Nil
Nil
27,128†
36,145
Voted.
(3)
Rs.
19,297
22,175
3,58,075
2,605
1,43,513
18,378
5,64,043†
6,05,910
Local. ‡
(4)
Rs.
Nil
Nil
39,356
8,619
Nil
Nil
47,975
50,150
Total.
(5)
Rs.
30,389
35,760
3.99,882
11,224
1,43,513
18,378
6,39,146
6,92,205
Remarks.
(6)
○ Reserved Non-Voted (Backward Tracts)
† As furnished by the Accountant-General, Burma.
‡ As furnished by the District Councils and Deputy Commissioners.
APPENDICES.
49
TABLE XI.—Summary of Mortality from Contagious Discases in the Province for the years 1928-29 and 1929-30.
Discase.
Year.
(1)
South-Eastern Circle ...
South-Western Circle ...
Central Circle ...
Northern Circle ...
Arakan Sub-Circle ...
Total ...
Rinderpest.
1928-29.
(2)
4,005
1,875
264
320
15,597
22,061
l929-30.
(3)
2.398
690
808
1,266
1,310
6,472
Foot-and-Mouth.
1928-29.
(4)
151
714
386
80
457
1,788
1929-30.
(5)
107
456
83
60
154
860
Anthrax.
1928-29.
(6)
299
485
102
157
472
1,515
1929-30.
(7)
302
296
101
74
671
1,444
Black
Quarter.
1928-29.
(8)
...
12
...
11
...
23
1929-30.
(9)
...
...
23
1
11
35
Septicaemia
Hæmor-
rhagica.
1928-29.
(10)
...
...
179
5
...
184
1929-30.
(11)
...
41
52
3
...
96
Pox.
1928-29.
(12)
...
...
...
...
...
...
1929 30.
(13)
...
...
135
...
...
135
Surra.
1928-29.
(14)
...
...
...
66
...
66
1929-30.
(15)
...
...
16
268
...
284
Glanders.
1928-29
(16)
...
...
2
...
...
2
1929-30.
(17)
...
...
1
...
...
1
Epizootic
Lymphan-
gitis.
1928-29.
(18)
...
...
...
...
...
...
1929-30.
(19)
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total.
1928-29.
(20)
4,455
3,086
933
639
16,526
25,639
1929-30.
(21)
2,807
1,483
1,219
1,672
2,146
9,327
G.B.C.P.O.—No. 25, V.A.. 25-4-31—322
REPORT
ON THE
Veterinary Department, Burma
For the year ending the 31st March 1931
Rangoon
Supdt, Govt. Printing and Stationery, Burma
1931
Price.—Rs. 2 = 3s.]
REPORT
ON THE
Veterinary Department, Burma
For the Year ending the 31st March 1931
Rangoon
Supdt., Govt. Printing and Stationery, Burma
1931
LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS.
IN BURMA.
AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION PRESS. Rangoon.
BISWAS & Co., 30. Lewis Street. Rangoon.
BRITISH BURMA PRESS BRANCH, Rangoon.
BURMA BOOK CLUB. LTD., Post No. 1068, Rangoon.
INTERNATIONAL BUDDIST BOOK DEPÔT, Post Box No. 971. Rangoon.
NEW LIGHT OF BURMA PRESS, 26 and 26A, Phavre Street. Rangoon.
PROPRITOR, THU DHAMA WADI PRESS, 16—80. Maung Khine Street,
Rangoon.
RANGOON TIMES PRESS, Rangoon.
MAUNG LU GALE. Law Book Depôt, 42. Ayo-o-gale. Mandalay.
MANAGER. CHAPPLE'S BUSINESS COLLEGE, 377. Lower Main Road.
Moulmein.
IN
INDIA.
BOOK CO., LYD., 4/4A, College Square, Calcutta.
BUTTERWORTH & Co (India), LTD., Calcutta.
S. K. LAHIRI & Co., 56, College Street, Calcutta.
W. NEWMAN & Co.. Calcutta.
THACKER, SPINK & Co.. Calcutta and Simla.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & Co., Bombay.
THACKER & Co., LTD., Bombay.
CITY BOOK Co., Post Box No. 283 Madras.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
MR. RAM NARAIN LAL, Proprietor, National Press, Katra, Allahabad.
IN EUROPE AND AMERICA.
The publications are obtainable either direct from THE HIGH COMMIS-
------ FOR INDIA. Public Department, India House, Aldwych,
London, W.C. 2. or through any bookseller.
INDEX
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
I.—Staff Organisation ... ... ...
II.—General Diseases in Animals ... ... ...
III.—Contagious Diseases in Animals ... ...
IV.—Veterinary Education ... ... ...
V.—Veterinary Research ... ... ...
VI.—Survey of the Year's Work, Results and Recommendations
VII.—Appendices ... ... ... ...
VIII.—Maps.
IX.-Graph.
PAGE
1
3
5
10
11
16
23
RESOLUTION
ON THE
Report of the Veterinary Department, Burma
For the Year ended the 31st March 1931.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Government of Burma (Ministry of Forests),—
No. 3220, dated the 27th October 1931.
READ—
The Report of the Veterinary Department, Burma, for the year ended the
31st March 1931.
RESOLVED THAT —
The Report be published.
By order,
R. M. MAC DOUGALL,
Secretary to the Government of Burma,
Local Government
Department.
REPORT
ON THE
Veterinary Department, Burma
For the Year ending the 31st March 1931.
CHAPTER I—STAFF ORGANISATION.
The Director of Veterinary Services, Mr. D. T. Mitchell, held
charge of the Department throughout the year.
South-Eastern Circle (consisting of the Districts of Amherst, Thatôn,
Salween, Tavoy, Mergui, Toungoo, Pegu and Hanthawaddy with
headquarters at Moulmein).—The headquarters of this circle and the
South-Western Circle were at Insein up to 5th November 1930 , during
which time Mr. Rippon, I.V.S., was in charge of both circles.
Mr. S. R. Rippon, M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., held charge of the South-
Eastern Circle during the year and he was assisted by 1 Veterinary
Superintendent at Moulmein, 4 Veterinary Inspectors, 2 Frontier
Veterinary Inspectors, 39 Veterinary Assistants, and 3 Frontier
Veterinary Assistants.
South-Western Circle (consisting of Bassein, Henzada, Myaungmya,
Maubin, Pyapôn, Prome, Tharrawaddy and Insein Districts).—Mr. S. R.
Rippon, M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., held additional charge of this circle until
the 20th December 1930, when Mr. J. Birkenshaw Idle, M.R.C.V.S.,
I.V.S., on return from leave (ex-India) took over charge of the circle
and from this date the headquarters of the circle was changed from
Insein to Bassein. Mr. J. Birkenshaw Idle, M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., had
under him 1 Veterinary Superintendent at Bassein, 4 Veterinary
Inspectors, 2 Flying Column Veterinary Inspectors and 39 Veterinary
Assistants.
Central Circle (comprising of the Districts of Meiktila, Kyauksè,
Yamèthin, Myingyan, Magwe, Minbu, Thayetmyo and Pakôkku) with
headquarters at Meiktila.—Mr. J. Birkenshaw Idle, M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S.,
was in charge of the circle until the 11th April 1930, on which date he
proceeded on leave (ex-India), and thereafter U Nyan Gyaw, G.B.V.C.,
Veterinary Superintendent, officiated as Deputy Director of Veterinary
2
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA,
Services in charge up to 11th December 1930 ; on this date Mr. J. Bhatta-
charjee, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., after completion of the training at the
Provincial Training College, Meiktila, took over the circle and held
charge of it throughout the remainder of the year. He had under
him 1 Veterinary Superintendent at Meiktila from December 1930,
4 Veterinary Inspectors, 41 Veterinary Assistants and 1 Flying Column
Veterinary Assistant.
Northern Circle (consisting of Mandalay, Sagaing, Lower Chindwin,
Upper Chindwin, Chin Hills, Shwebo, Katha, Bhamo and Myitkyina
Districts, with headquarters at Mandalay).—U Pe Than, G.B.V.C.,
Deputy Director of Veterinary Services, was in charge of the Circle
throughout the year. There were under him 1 Veterinary Superin-
tendent at Katha, 6 Veterinary Inspectors, 44 Veterinary Assistants,
1 Frontier Veterinary Assistant and 1 Flying Column Veterinary Assistant
to assist him in his duties.
Arakan Sub-Circle (comprising the districts of Akyab, Sandoway,
Kyaukpyu and Arakan Hill Tracts, with headqttarters at Akyab).—Of
this independent Sub-Circle, U Aung Tun U, G.B.V.C., Veterinary
Superintendent, held charge during the year. He was assisted by
2 Veterinary Inspectors and 13 Veterinary Assistants.
New Appointments to the Superior Staff.—During the year Mr. G. Pfaff,
B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., was appointed as Principal, Veterinary College,
Insein, with effect from 6th October 1930. Mr. Pfaff in addition to his
own duties held charge of the Insein Veterinary Research Laboratory
since 29th September 1930. Mr. J. Smith, B.Sc., M.R.C.V.S., was
appointed Field Research Officer with headquarters at Rangoon, with-
effect from the 7th January 1931.
VACANCIES IN THE DEPARTMENT.
Burma Veterinary Service (Class I).—Out of the 8 posts in the Burma
Veterinary Service, Class I, 7 have been filled. For financial reasons it
has been decided to keep the vacant post unfilled at present.
Burma Veterinary Service (Class II).—The sanctioned strength of.
this cadre is 15, out of which 8 posts, which include 5 vacancies in the
lecturing staff at the Veterinary College, remained vacant throughout
the year.
Burma Veterinary Service (Class III)—
(i) In the sanctioned cadre of 28 Veterinary Inspectors there
were no vacancies.
(ii) In the sanctioned strength of 280 Veterinary Assistants theres
were 96 vacancies.
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 3lST MARCH 1931.
3
Casualties during the year—
Death ... ...
Retirement ... ...
Resignation ... ...
Reversion ... ...
Promotion ... ...
Removal ... ...
Veterinary
Inspectors.
Nil
2
Nil
2
Nil
Nil
4
Veterinary
Assistants.
3
2
Nil
Nil
4
1
10
CHAPTER II.—GENERAL DISEASES IN ANIMALS.
Treatment of Animals.—The total number of non-contagious diseases
treated during the year by the Subordinate Veterinary Staff amounted
to 78,571, an average of 35.5 cases per month per Assistant. The
treatment of sick animals in the village by these officers on tour is
regarded more as a demonstration of the principles of scientific treat-
ment than as a system of veterinary aid for the villagers' cattle. The
results have not been encouraging up to date, principally on account of
the low standard of veterinary knowledge of the subordinate Veterinary
staff and to their reluctance to treat animals personally on account of
the time and labour involved. It is very doubtful if the results justify
the expenditure incurred in carrying round the medicine chest contain-
ing a supply of drugs which are frequently not put to their legitimate
use.
The various forms in use in the Department for recording work of
the staff in connection with touring and reporting on contagious and
non-contagious disease which had remained unaltered for many years,
have been amended and their scope considerably increased. The
forms have been revised so as to facilitate checking the work of the
staff and when introduced should increase the efficiency of their work
and methods of reporting.
DISPENSARIES AND HOSPITALS.
There are four dispensaries in the Province situated at Pegu, Prome,
Myingyan and Pakôkku, with a Veterinary Hospital at Insein.
Insein Veterinary Hospital.—Two thousand nine hundred and fifty-
one animals were treated during the year, including dogs, cats, rabbits
and fowls. All the animals were out-patients. The principal diseases
met with were rabies, rinderpest, foot-and-mouth disease, distemper,
piroplasmosis, tetanus, necrobacillosis, streptothricosis, demodectic
mange, strongylosis, filariasis, ankylostomiasis, tæniasis, and ascaridiasis.
The average on the number of cases treated during the year works
out to 8.8 per day against an average 7.6 per day during the previous
year.
4
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA.
The classification of the diseases treated at the Veterinary Hospital
at Insein is as follows:—
Conditions due to Disease of—
Digestive System ...
Respiratory System ...
Urinary System ...
Generative System ...
Nervous System ...
Skin ... ...
Eye ... ...
Ear ... ...
Wounds ... ...
Other diseases ... ...
Total for the year ...
Number of
cases during
the year
1930-31.
1,026
77
6
72
33
360
142
85
727
423
2,951
Pegu Veterinary Dispensary.—The total number of cases treated at
this dispensary during the year was 3,607. In addition medicine was
administered to 1,724 cases not brought to the hospital. These figures
represent separate attendances only, and the average works out to 14 6
per day. In the absence of efficient supervision these figures are
accepted with considerable doubt. During this and previous years
inspecting officers have reported adversely on this dispensary, and as a
result of an inspection by the Director in September 1930 it was decided
to move Government and the District Council to have the dispensary
closed as it was being very inefficiently run and not considered to be
serving any useful purpose.
Prome Veterinary Dispensary.—Similar action was taken in regard to
this dispensary and it was closed with effect from the 1st February
1931. The number of cases treated up to the period ending 31st
January 1931 is 729, out of which 76 animals were treated with medicine
but not brought to the hospital.
Myingyan Veterinary Dispensary.—The total number of out-patients
and in-patients treated during the year was 2,589. In addition to this
medicine was issued to about one case per day which could not be
brought to the dispensary. The total average daily number of cases
treated was eight.
No castrations were performed during the year. A set of stocks for
the control of animals during operations or dressings was erected in the
yard of the dispensary, the cost being defrayed by a contribution to the
dispensary funds by the Myingyan Municipality. This dispensary is
doing useful work in the treatment of animals in the urban and
suburban areas of Myingyan.
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH 1931.
5
Pakôkku Veterinary Dispensary.—One
thousand two hundred and
ninety cases were treated at the dispensary during the year. These
included 8 in-patients. Medicine was supplied for 656 cases which
could not be brought to the dispensary. The daily average of cases
treated works out at 5.7. No castrations were performed at this
dispensary. The majority of the cases treated at the Myingyan and
Pakôkku Dispensaries were animals from the Municipal area.
General Mortality.—A statement showing the total mortality recorded
from all diseases is given in the appendices. The percentage
mortality in each circle should, in the absence of devastating epizootics,
be more or less the same, and wide variations, such as are shown for
Arakan, indicate that mortality is generally not being recorded there.
The same remarks apply in a lesser degree to the Northern Circle.
The very low figures for the total percentage mortality in the
Province indicate that only a small proportion of the deaths which occur
are recorded by the headmen and many years must elapse before an
approximately accurate record can be prepared from figures submitted.
CHAPTER III—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IN
ANIMALS.
Occurrence, Methods of Spread and Control Measures.
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN CIRCLE.
Rinderpest was present throughout this circle during the year except
in the Salween, Tavoy and Mergui Districts. The total number of
deaths recorded was 1,288. Serum inoculation was carried out on
14,791 head of cattle. Amherst District suffered most severely, altogether
22 villages being involved with a total mortality of 895. The serum
inoculation of animals carried out in this district alone was 7,233.
Foot-and-Mouth
Disease.—The
disease occurred in all districts
in the circle with the exception of Salween and Tavoy, the total
mortality recorded during the year being 27. The only method of
control adopted was segregation, but this could not be applied in the
flooded areas in the Toungoo District. The number of cases treated by
Veterinary Assistants at outbreaks was 6,455.
Anthrax.—The
recorded mortality for the year was 33, Salween and
Amherst being the only districts which were reported to be free from
anthrax. This disease has not occurred in the Salween District for the
past two years.
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia was reported from Mergui, Pegu and
Thatôn. Suspected outbreaks of hæmorrhagic septicæmia occurred in
Thatôn District and immediate measures for segregation were taken, but
on blood smear examination being carried out the results proved negative.
6
REPORT ON THE VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, BURMA.
It has been found difficult to diagnose this disease definitely as
Assistants will not learn to take smears from the affected part of the body.
A smear from the ear is easier to make but is useless for diagnosis. The
total mortality for the year was 84, the most severe outbreak occur-
ring in Victoria Point Subdivision, which resulted in 65 deaths. In
this outbreak protective inoculation was carried out with vaccine
procured from the Imperial Veterinary Laboratory, Muktesar.
Control Measures.—The Cattle Disease Rules are fairly well
understood and carried out in this circle and headmen and villagers are
willing to assist Departmental officers. Inoculation assisted in control-
ling the spread of rinderpest, and, in small lots of animals, also
hæmorrhagic septicæmia and anthrax.
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN CIRCLE.
Rinderpest occurred in all the districts in this circle except Pyapôn.
The highest mortality was shown in Maubin District, namely 1,442.
Bassein, Henzada and Insein showed also high mortality figures. The
total number of deaths due to rinderpest for the circle was 2,804, and
the number of inoculations carried out were 14,927.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease.—All the districts were infected with foot-
and-mouth disease resulting in a total mortality of 815. Bassein and
Myaungmya Districts showed the highest figures, namely 409 and 204.
Anthrax occurred throughout all the districts of the circle. The
heaviest mortality was reported from Myaungmya (162) and Bassein
(110). The total mortality for the circle was 347.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia occurred in Bassein. Pyapôn and Henzada
Districts, the total mortality being 13.
Blackquarter was responsible for only three deaths during the
year in the Pyapôn and Tharrawaddy Districts.
Control Measures.—Rinderpest and foot-and-mouth disease occurred
in an epizootic form over a considerable part of the circle during the
year, and their spread is reported to be due chiefly to cattle introduced
from Upper Burma, through Prome, by trade routes. The Veterinary
Assistants have no legal power to stop movements of infected animals,
and without the co-operation of headmen it is very difficult to get cattle
drovers to carry out instructions contained in the Cattle Disease Rules.
Maubin and Insein Districts suffered a heavy mortality from rinderpest
and the chief cause in the latter district was the disinterestedness of the
Indian cattle owners to preventive measures advocated by the depart-
ment. The Cattle Disease Rules had often to be enforced with the help
of the Police.
14,927 rinderpest inoculations were carried out during the year,
and the number of deaths subsequent to inoculation was 123.
FOR THE YEAR ENDING THE 31ST MARCH 1931.
7
Some of the headmen are still ignorant or imperfectly understand
the Cattle Disease Rules and refusals to have cattle inoculated are
common in this circle.
CONTAGIOUS DISEASE IN THE CENTRAL CIRCLE.
Rinderpest.—The total mortality in the circle was 774. The disease
occurred in all the districts except Minbu and Thayetmyo. In Pakókku,
Yamèthin, Myingyan and Magwe Districts it assumed epizootic propor-
tions, the heaviest mortality being recorded in Pakôkku. The number
of animals inoculated was 14,523.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease occurred throughout all the districts in the
circle. The total mortality recorded was 85. The disease was present
in a mild form over a greater part of the circle throughout the year.
Anthrax.—The total mortality in the circle was 33 and showed a
decided decrease of about 70 per cent. on last year's mortality
Sporadic cases of the disease occurred in all districts with the exception
of Kyauksè and Thayetmyo.
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia.—Outbreaks occurred in all the districts
in the Magwe Sub-Circle (Magwe, Minbu, Thayetmyo and Pakôkku) and
Kyaukse District. Total mortality was 191, of which the greater number
occurred in Thayetmyo and Magwe showing an increase of 73 per cent.
over last year's figures. In the absence of confirmation by smears it
may be taken that the anthrax-hæmorrhagic septicæmia position in
this circle remains about the same as in former years.
Surra.—Outbreaks were reported from Kyaukse, Myingyan, Thayet-
myo and Pakôkku. This indicates that the disease is enzootic over the
greater part of Central Burma, cattle and buffaloes being the suspected
carriers of infection. The total mortality was 20.
Blackquarter.—Two districts of Magwe Sub-Circle reported out-
breaks of blackquarter. The total mortality was 75. In other districts
of the circle the disease was not recorded.
Remarks and Control Measures.—The District officers consider that the
Cattle Disease Rules are well understood by the headmen and villagers,
but the Veterinary Department officers report that they are seldom
acted upon in the absence of Government officers.
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES IN THE NORTHERN CIRCLE.
Rinderpest.—With the exception of Katha all the districts in this
circle were infected with rinderpest. The total mortality was 2,147.
Upper Chindwin, Lower Chindwin, Sagaing and Mandalay suffered most
heavily. A number of flocks of sheep contracted the disease and were
regarded as the principal agents of spread up the Chindwin. Inocula-
tion was carried out on 33,812 head of cattle and 1,370 sheep.