NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
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Ayyar returned from the United Kingdom after the expiry of
the combined privilege leave and study leave, and was posted
to the College on 24th May 1929 as Acting Professor of
Surgery and, later, was posted as Acting Resident Veterinary
Officer and Personal Assistant to the Principal in place of
Mr Panikkar. which post he continued to hold till the end of
the year. Mr. A J. Wilson was in charge of the Vellore Circle
from the beginning of the year till he was transferred as
District Veterinary Officer, Coimbatore, on 4th September 1929
which post he continued to hold till the end of the year.
Mr. M. R. V. Panikkar held the post of Assistant Professor and
Personal Assistant to the Principal, Madras Veterinary College,
and Resident Veterinary Officer from the beginning of the year
till 1.8th August 1929, when he was posted as Acting Professer
of Medicine. Mr. M. Anantanarayan Rao was attached to the
Bellary Circle at the commencement of the year. He was posted
to the Coimbatore Circle on 10th April 1929 and he held that
post till 15th August 1929, when he proceeded to the United
kingdom on combined leave on average pay and study leave.
Mr. A. Ramachandra Ayyar continued to hold charge of the
Madura Circle throughout the year. Mr. K. 8. Nayar was
Acting Professor of Surgery, Madras Veterinary College, from
the beginning of the year till 21th May 1929 when he was
granted leave. He was reposted to the College with effect
from 3lst May 1929 as Acting Professor of Pathology and
Bacteriology and was subsequently appointed as Acting Pro-
fossor of Surgery from 19th August 1929. He continued to
hold this post till the end of the year.
9. Mr. W. J. D Costa who was Acting District Veterinary
Officer, Madras, in the beginning of the year was posted to open
the new Trichinopoly Circle on 12th June 1929, and he held
charge of the same Circle till the end of the year. Mr. A. K.
Mitra held independent charge of the Bellary Circle from 3rd
April 1929 to the end of the year, and Mr. C. Venkataratnam
Chetti continued to hold charge of the Vizagapatam Circle
throughout the year. Mr. G. A. Ajwani opened the Madana-
palle Circle on 10th July 1929 and held independent charge of
this Circle till the end of the year. Mr. A. L. N. Somayajulu
Pantulu, who was in charge of the Madras Circle from 4th June
1929 to 14th June 1929, opened the new Nellore Circle on 15th
June 1929 and continued to hold charge of it till the end of the
year. Messrs. C. Suryanarayanamurthi and T. S. Alagappa
Pillai opened the Rajahmundry and Culicut Circles respectively
on 1st August 1929 and held charge of the same till the end of
the year.
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(f) Madras Veterinary Subordinate Service.
10. The sanctioned cadre of Veterinary Assistant Surgeous
on 31st March 1930 was 254, but only 251 were on rolls on
that date. The manner in which these men were employed
during the year under report is shown in table VII. Eighteen
new Veterinary Assistant Surgeons were entertained in the
department during the year. Two Veterinary Assistant Sur-
geons died and one resigned his appointment during the year,
hut his resignation has not yet been accepted pending the
refund of the amount of tuition fees and the stipend drawn by
him while undergoing the course at the Madras Veterinary
College.
M.—EDUCATION.
11. Madras Veterinary College.—An appreciable merease in
the total number of students at the Madras Veterinary College
was noticed during the year, 109 students being on the rolls on
31st March 1930 as against 98 of the previous year. Of these
1.09 students, six were paying students—three from Mysore,
two from Coorg and one from the Federated Malay States.
12. The term of office of the members of the committees
appointed in March 1926 for the selection at Bezwada and
Madras of candidates for admission to this College having
expired about the end of the last official year, the commitlees
were reconstituted during the year. The committees met at
Bezwada and Madras on 29th June 1929 and 1st July 1929
respectively and selected 40 candidates for admission.
13. The annual professional examinations of the College
were held as usual in March 1930 by an examining board
constituted for the purpose. Out of the 26 students who
appeared for the final year examination, 19 students passed.
The Board of Examiners considered that the results of the
examinations were satisfactory.
11. The Refresher course was as usual held at the
College for a period of six months from July to December
1929. Six Veterinary Assistant Surgeons of this department
and one from the Federated Malay States attended the course.
The usual examination was held at the end of the course by a
Board of Examiners specially constituted for the purpose.
15. In previous years, certificates were issued only to
candidates who were successful at the examination. During
the year under report, it was decided that all departmental
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Veterinary Assistant Surgeons attending the course should
receive certificates to the effect that they have undergone the
course but without any indication of their success or failure at
the examination, and that certificates in the usual form show-
ing success or failure at the examination should be issued in
the case of private students attending the course.
16. The Veterinary Hospital attached to the Madras
Veterinary College continued to work satisfactorily during the
year. There was an increase in the total number of cases
treated during the year as compared with that of the previous
year, the figures for the years 1928-29 and 1929-30 being
3,201 and 3,558 respectively. There has been a slight fall in
the hospital receipts which is attributed to the introduction of
the revised scales of foes referred to in the last year's report.
17. The branch dispensary for out-patients at Rayapuram
which was opened about the end of the last year, made good
progress during the year under report. The total number of
admissions at this dispensary during the year was 1,369 while
the average daily attendance for the year was 23.00. Ten
cases from this dispensary were sent to the Madras Veterinary
College during the year for major operations or special
treatment.
The laboratory attached to the College continued to show
satisfactory progress during the year under report. The staff
of Veterinary Assistant Surgeons attached to the Pathological
section of the laboratory was increased by three during the
year under report. There was a considerable increase in the
number of specimens received and examined during the year,
over that of the previous year, the figures for the two years
1928-29 and 1929-30 being 9,411 and 15,712 respectively.
Two items of particular interest were the finding of
Rhinosporidiosis in a horse and a positive reaction to
B. abortus Bang, both of these for the first time.
The production of rinderpest virus was continued in the
Pathological section of the laboratory and 467,675 c. cs. of
virus were prepared.
III.—RESEARCH.
18. Research work was conducted in the laboratory of the
Madras Veterinary College during the year under report, and
is explained in some detail in section VI of the administra-
tion report of the Madras Veterinary College. Most of the
work done was in continuation of research previously begun,
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and but little was inaugurated on entirely new subjects. One
new piece of work was, however, commenced on a disease of
poultry,
In their order Mis. No. 527, Development, dated 25th
March 1929, Government sanctioned the Director's proposal for
conducting certain experiments at the Madras Veterinary
College for the manufacture of a Bacteriophage for use against
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia and sanctioned an expenditure of
Rs. 2,075 for the purpose. The experiments could not, how-
ever, be conducted during the year under report, as the Professor
of Pathology and Bacteriology could not spare sufficient time
for the purpose owing to the fact that he acted as Principal.
IV.—CONTAGIOUS DISEASEES.
19. The number of deaths from contagious diseases during
the year was 158,523 as against 170,936 of the previous year.
The districts of Ganjam, North Arcot, Tanjore and South
Arcot are among those which suffered most during the year.
As in the previous years Rinderpest was the cause of this
heavy mortality, the number of deaths from this disease alone
being 106,046. Though this year's figure is appreciably le3s
than that of the previous year, it would appear from the
comparative statement of cattle mortality for the last five years
appended to this report as Table No. XV, that the cattle
mortality in the Presidency is still high. It was mainly with
a view to control effectively the ravages of Rinderpest by
performing inoculations by the serum simultaneous method on
an extensive scale, that five additional District officers were
appointed during the year under report. It will be seen from
Table No. III appended to this report, that a far larger
number of inoculations by the serum simultaneous method were
performed during the year under report than in the previous
year, the figures for the years 1928-29 and J 929-30 being
83,049 and 169,836.
20. The total number of reports of contagious diseases
received and attended to by the staff during the year was 7,534
and 5,960 respectively, as compared with 7,219 and 5,676 in
the previous year, Seventy-seven reports were made by the
staff against village officers for slackness in reporting outbreaks
of contagious diseases.
Most of the municipalities which adopted the by-laws
relating to the control of animal diseases and the maintenance
of cattle mortality registers, continued to work the by-laws
satisfactorily and were reporting mortality promptly.
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21. Rinderpest.—The number of deaths from this disease
reported during the year was 106,046 as against 129,583 in
the previous year. With the exception of Vizagapatam,
Nellore, Ramnad and the Nilgiris, the other districts suffered
heavily from this disease, and the districts of North Arcot,
Tanjore and South Arcot are among those which suffered most,
the figures for these three districts being 15,345, 12,234 and
11,255 respectively. Although the disease was severe in the
South Arcot district, the number of deaths during this year
was considerably less than that in the previous year. There
was also a perceptible decrease in mortality in the districts of
Ganjam, Kurnool, Bellary, Anantapur, Salem and Malabar.
During the year under report the "Serum alone" method
of inoculation was restricted to the absolut3 minimum. This
method was rescrted to mainly in the case of compulsory
inoculation enforced under the Madras Cattle Disease Act,
Inoculation by the serum simultaneous method was uniformly
adopted and was performed on an extensive scale. The total
number of inoculations performed by the serum simultaneous
method and serum alone method was 169,836 and 13,224
respectively as against 83,049 and 171,206 of the previous
year.
22. Foot-and-mouth disease.—The number of deaths
reported from this disease was slightly on the increase during
the year the figures for 1929-30 and 1928-29 being 5,354
and 4,682 respectively. The treatment of this disease by
Chemotherapy to which a reference was made in last year's
report, could not be tried as was expected, owing to the staff
being mainly engaged on Rinderpest work.
23. Hæmorrhagic Sapticæmia.—There was also an increased
mortality from this disease during the year under report, the
number of deaths being 7,516 as against 6,013 in the previous
year. Six thousand six hundred and seventy serum inoculations
were performed against this disease during the year as against
6 803 of the previous year. As a seasonal preventive measure,
20 animals were also vaccinated against the disease with
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia vaccine in the Nilgiris.
24. Blaek-quarter.—The mortality from this disease was
less than in the previous year, the figures bring 6,755 during
this year as against 6,798 in the previous year. Six thousand
three hundred and forty-two animals were inoculated against
this disease as follows:—Serum alone 4,724; Aggressin alone
1,124; and Serum and Aggressin 494.
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25. Anthrax.—There was an increase in the mortality from
this disease. The number of deaths reported was 8,329 as
against 7,002 during the previous year. Five hundred and
fifteen animals were inoculated with anti-serum as against 578
of the previous year. The districts affected were Godavari
East and South Kanara and Madras City.
26. Bovine Lymphangitis.—Twenty-one cases of Bovine
Lymphangitis were confirmed microscopically during the year
under report and treated.
27. Nasal Granuloma.—Sixty oases of this disease were
met with during the year and most of these cases were treated.
28. Piroplasmosis.—This disease was confirmed in 19
bovines, one equine and two canines.
29. Trypanosomiasis.—Twenty cases were confirmed during
the year of this disease against 33 in the previous year. Of
these, 10, presumed to be Surra, were destroyed under the
Glanders and Farcy Act and compensation was paid to their
owners. Two bullocks of the Vizagapatam Municipality
which were found to be suffering from this disease were also
treated successfully by injections of Antimonium tartaratum.
An outbreak of Trypanosomiasis occurred among the hounds
of the Madras Hunt Club and the whole pack was put through
a course of "Bayer 205 ". The results of the treatment have
not yet been published as work is still being done in connexion
with trypanosomes which were found in the affected hounds.
30. Strangles.—There were occasional outbreaks of this
disease during the year and a few cases were confirmed
microscopically.
31. Kumri.— Nine cases were diagnosed during the year.
32. Rabies.—This disease was confirmed in 177 dogs and
five buffaloes. Confirmation was not sought for in 54 dogs and
fifteen other animals. Fifty-nine dogs, three ponies, two
bullocks, two cows, one buffaloe and one calf were treated with
anti-rabic vaccine.
33. Poultry diseases.—Severe outbreaks of fowl-cholera
occurred during the year and twenty-eight fowls were pro-
tected with fowl-cholera vaccine obtained from the Haffkine
Institute, Bombay.
One hundred and thirty-seven chickens were vaccinated
with anti-diptherine against fowl-pox.
2
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Outbreaks of Pseudo-fowl pest among poultry and birds
were reported during the year from the Madras, Coimbatore,
Madura, Rajahmundry and Bellary circles and in Madras
City. The mortality was particularly heavy in Madras City.
where the cause of the outbreak was taken up for investigation
by M.R.Ry. K. Kailasam Ayyar and certain transmission
experiments were carried out by him. A study of the lesions
set up artificially with infective materials was made and
experiments regarding the suitability of using liver and spleen
emulsion as a means of immunising are being carried out.
34. Coccidiosis.—Nine cases of this disease in bovines were
confirmed during the year.
35. Other contagious diseases.—Reports of other contagious
diseases were as follows:—
Tetanus in horses.—Two.
Variola in sheep.—Two.
Variola in swine.—One.
Johne's disease.—One.
Demodectic mange.—Three.
Theileriasis.—Two.
V.—NON-CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
(a) Hospitals and Dispensaries.
36. The Veterinary Dispensary at Jeypore referred to in
the previous year's report was opened during the year. In
addition, six new dispensaries were opened during the year at
Lalgudi, Kandukur, Udipi, Peddapur, Nandikotkur and
Peravallur. The total number of veterinary institutions at
the end of the year was 111, including those attached to the
Madras Veterinary College and the Cattle farms at Coimbatore,
Hosur and Chintaldevi.
Permanent buildings for the Veterinary dispensary at
Parvatipur were constructed during the year and the dispensary
was moved to the new buildings on 13th January 1930. The
location of the Veterinary Dispensary at Chittoor was changed
during the year to the new permanent hospital buildings.
37. The total number of new cases admitted to veterinary
institutions for treatment during the year was 119,235 as
against 137,022 of the previous year, and the number of cases
supplied with medicine but not brought to institutions was
8,381 as against 7,877 of the previous year.
Plate No.
1.
PICTURE
SHOWING
SOME
OF THE ANIMALS BROUGHT FOR TREATMENT TO THE VETERINARY
DISPENSARY JEYPORE ( VIZAGAPATAM AGENCY) FROM DISTANT INTERIOR PLACES IN
THE AGENCY TRACT AND FROM THE BORDERS OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES.
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38. The loading institutions in the Presidency with the
number of eases admitted by each were as follows:—
Trichinopoly
Coimbatore
Madura ..
Rajahmundry
Salem ..
Calicut ..
Bezwada ..
Cocanada ..
Mangalore
Saidapet ..
Palghat
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4,034
3,589
2,676
2,591
2,575
2,448
2,359
2,191
2,158
2,115
2,002
(b) Itinerating Staff.
39. The number of touring posts was increased from 88 to
91 during the year by the creation of three now posts with
headquarters at Russellkonda, Valparai and Hosur. Some of
these billets were vacant for varying periods during the year
for want of staff. The headquarters of the touring Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons, Podili, Nannilam and Yellamanchilli were
changed during the year to Kanigiri, Mayavaram and Narasa-
patam respectively.
The total number of cases treated by the itinerating staff
during the year was 54,420 as against 49,117 of the previous
year. Of these, 24,437 were non-contagious and 29,983
contagious.
(c) Castrations.
40. The total number of castrations performed by the staff
during the year was 12,742 as against 9,480 in the previous
year. As in previous years, the largest number of castrations
were performed in the veterinary hospitals in the Ganjam dis-
trict. The number of castrations done is steadily on the increase
and the Burdizzo method, which is becoming more and more
popular, seems to be mainly responsible for this.
VI.—MISCELLANEOUS.
41. Criminal poisoning.—During the year under report the
Chemical Examiner to Government examined the viscera of 95
animals and poison was detected in 22 cases. Eleven cases
were prosecuted, resulting in three convictions and eight acquit-
tals. Two hundred and two animals were examined by the
Staff of this department for malicious injury and the necessary
certificates were issued to the police.
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42. Society for the Prevention of Cruelly to Animals.—The
number of convictions obtained under the Prevention of Cruelty
to Animals Act in the Presidency, excluding Madras City, was
8,466 as against 6,641 of the previous year. Trichinopoly and
Coimbatore districts, as usual, showed the highest number of
convictions, the figures for the two districts being 3,348 and
2,049 respectively. Out of the total number of convictions,
l,646 cases were remanded to the veterinary institutions
declared as infirmaries under the Act for treatment.
43. Forest livestock.—The general condition of the Forest
livestock was satisfactory. No contagious disease of any kind
was prevalent in any of the Forest divisions except an attack of
foot and mouth disease at Chedleth. Special attention was
paid to indigestion and diarrhœa in elephants with the result
that the number of such cases has been considerably reduced
during this year.
44. Meal inspection.—Several municipalities availed them-
selves of the services of the local Veterinary Assistant
Surgeons for meat inspection work. A few of the municipalities
continued to employ wholetime assistants for this work. It is
regretted that during the year, the Union Board, Krishnagiri,
ceased to utilize the services of the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon
in charge of the veterinary dispensary at Krishnagiri for meat
inspection work.
45. Lethal Chambers.—The lethal chambers for the destruc-
tion of stray dogs maintained by local boards and municipalities
in the Presidency were periodically inspected by the staff of this
department. Some were reported to be working satisfactorily,
while certain others have stopped working owing to defective
construction or disorders.
In view of the increase in electrical facilities in the
Presidency and the advantages of an electrocutor over a lethal
chamber, the question of the issue of a type design for an
electrocutor for the destruction of dogs has been under con-
sideration for some time past. The plan, specifications and
schedule of quantities are being prepared by the Sanitary
Engineer to Government, and it is expected that, before long,
the requisite type design will be issued by the Public Health
Board.
46. Propaganda.—A cinema apparatus and two sets of
films, one depicting the National Horse Breeding Industry in
India and the other "Sheep dipping and eradication of ticks"
were purchased during the year. Additional magic lantern
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slides, charts and diagrams on vaterinary matters for propa-
ganda work have been prepared and steps were taken to make
suitable lantern slides depicting parasitic diseases. As usual,
the department participated in the Health and Baby Week
shows and exhibited various items of popular and scientific
interest. Advantage was taken of cattle fairs and exhibitions
to conduct magic lantern demonstrations and popular lectures.
Leaflets on some of the important diseases of animals prevalent
in the Presidency continued to be distributed free to the ryots.
47. In the previous year's report a reference was made to
the proposal for the equipment of a motor laboratory with a
view to familiarising the ryots in veterinary matters. While
negativing this proposal Government directed that the motor
vans maintained by the Agricultural department should be
utilized for the purposes of propaganda work of this department.
This is not, however, an entirely satisfactory arrangement, but
attempts are being made to make use of the agricultural van in
certain places to conduct lectures and to give demonstrations.
Since the close of the year, the Principal, Madras Veterinary
College, has been asked to prepare duplicates of most of the
existing slides for supply to the District Veterinary officers for
propaganda work in co-operation with the agricultural motor
vans.
48. Fairs and shows.—The annual cattle show at Tiruppur
was held during the year. A pony fair was held at Tadicombu
and many annual and weekly cattle fairs were also held during
the year and were attended by the staff of the department. In
some places where the Cattle Disease Act was enforced owing
to the prevalence of rinderpest, the stall: conducted compulsory
inoculations by the "serum alone" method. Some of the cattle
fairs were temporarily closed during the year on account of the
severity of rinderpest.
49. Horse-breeding.—The climatic conditions and the want
of adequate pasture lands, have always been regarded as an
obstacle to the promotion of any scheme to stimulate horse
breeding operations in this Presidency. The people in the
Presidency have not evinced hitherto any interest or desire
to improve the existing breed of horses in the Presidency. It
is, however, gratifying to note that during the year under
report, the District Board, Coimbatore, at the instance of the
Coimbatore District Agricultural Association, purchased a stal-
lion and is maintaining it for breeding purposes. The stallion is
stationed in the veterinary hospital, Coimbatore, and is in charge
of the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon.