NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
58
year. Only at the Veterinary Hospital, Pithapuram, was
there a marked fall in the average daily attendance to 25.7
from 32.95 of the previous year.
17. Of the 1,163 castrations performed, 1,133 were done
by the Burdizzo castrator. It is commendable that the Veteri-
nary Hospital, Amalapuram, alone contributed 274 castra-
tions by this method, which is the highest number. Next
comes the Veterinary Dispensaries, Draksharam and Kotha-
pet, where 179 and 175 respectively were done.
18. The number of cases supplied with medicine, but not
brought to the institutions, was 2,491 during the year as
against 2,229 of the previous year.
19. Consequent on the prevalence of rinderpest in a
severe form during the year in Ramachandrapur taluk of
East Godavari district, the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in
charge of Veterinary Dispensary, Draksharam, was instruct-
ed to conduct serum simultaneous inoculations in the sur-
rounding villages whenever he was approached by the ryots
with the request to carry out inoculations. He inoculated
995 bovines against the disease. The Veterinary Assistant
Surgeons in charge of Veterinary Dispensaries, Palacole and
Peddapuram, also did 368 and 133 inoculations respectively
by the serum simultaneous method in the absence of Touring
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons on leave.
20. The name of the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon,
K. S. Prakasa Rao in charge of Veterinary Dispensary, Tanuku,
deserves special mention. He opened the institution on 1st
September 1930 and brought it rapidly to great prominence,
the average daily attendance of the institution towards the
end of the year being 54.22.
The names of the other Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in
charge of institutions, who deserve mention for good work
are—
(1) M.R.Ry. H. Viswanath.
(2)
„ R. Jayaram.
(b) Itinerating Staff.
21. On the 31st March 1931, there were eight Touring
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons attached to this circle. No
additional billets were opened during the year.
59
22. A comparative statement showing the work done by
the itinerating staff of this circle during the years 1929-30
and 1930-31 is given below :—
Year.
1929-30 ..
1930-31 ..
Inoculations
by serum
alone method
against hæ-
morrhagic
septicæmia.
Nil.
148
Inoculations
by serum
simultaneous
method
against
rinderpest.
19,165
18,506
Contagious
cases.
3,628
3,364
Non-conta-
gious cases.
2,328
3,121
Castrations.
729
1,551
From the above, it can be discerned that there was an
appreciable increase in the number of non-contagious cases
treated and castrations performed; especially, the number of
castrations was more than double that of the previous year.
There was a slight fall in the number of inoculations done
and of contagious cases treated, which was due to subsidence
of rinderpest during the latter part of the year, to a consi-
derable extent.
23. Out of the 1,551 castrations, 1,541 were done by
Burdizzo castrator. It is commendable that Touring Veteri-
nary Assistant Surgeon, Bhadrachalam, did the highest num-
ber of castrations, viz., 296.
The serum alone method of inoculation was completely
replaced by serum simultaneous method, as recommended by
the Royal Commission on Agriculture in India.
24. All the Touring Veterinary Assistant Surgeons worked
whole-heartedly and did their utmost in combating rinder-
pest and in carrying out serum simultaneous inoculations.
The disease was brought under control completely in West
Godavari, and to a considerable extent in East Godavari, in
the latter part of the year.
25. The work of the following Touring Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons is commendable :—
(1) Mr. B. Benjamin.
(2) Mr. Muhammad Yusuf.
III.—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
26. The total number of deaths from contagious diseases
during the year was 4,779 against 15,429 of the previous year.
East Godavari suffered more than the West Godavari district.
As in previous years, rinderpest was chiefly responsible for
60
this mortality, the number of deaths from this disease alone
being 1,866 and 550 in East and West Godavari districts,
respectively, against 2,931 and 5,795 of the previous year.
27. Rinderpest.—There was a considerable decline, in the
mortality among cattle from this disease in the circle during
the year, the number of deaths being 2,416, as against 8,726
of the previous year. During the year under report, 345
reports were received by the staff as against 666 reports of
the previous year. Three hundred and thirty-nine reports
were attended to by the staff and the other reports could not
be attended to, either for want of time or progress reports.
The disease was mild in West Godavari, but was rather severe
in Ramachandrapur, Peddapur, Cocanada and Polavaram
taluks of East Godavari.
28. The touring staff attached to this circle was quite in-
adequate, so much so, that they could not attend to outbreaks
of cattle diseases as expeditiously as they ought to, owing
to vast jurisdictions, viz., two to four taluks for each touring
billet. It is highly desirable that the number of the touring
billets should be considerably increased in this circle, where
the ryots are generally enlightened and readily seek veteri-
nary aid. At the end of the year, the disease was in a
declining stage throughout the circle.
29. During the year, 18,506 animals were protected by
serum simultaneous method against rinderpest. Of the total
number of inoculations, 13,934 were done in East Godavari
and the remaining in West Godavari. But for the fact that
the serum was not available always in sufficient quantities, a
larger number of inoculations could have been done. Among
18,506 animals inoculated, there were only three deaths.
30. As the ryots in this circle, except in Agency tracts,
now fully realize the efficacy of the serum simultaneous
method of inoculation and generally offer no opposition to it,
there was no necessity to put in force the Cattle Disease Act
in any area during the year. Even in the Agency tracts, the
ryots are beginning to understand the benefits of the serum
simultaneous inoculation and the Touring Veterinary Assist-
ant Surgeon and the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in charge
of Veterinary Dispensary, Polavaram, were able to inoculate
2,615 animals by this method during the year.
31. Anthrax.—There was a sharp decline in mortality
from this disease, the number of deaths being 625 against
61
2,273 of the previous year. Eighteen outbreaks were re-
ported as against 39 of the last year. Seventeen outbreaks
were attended to and the remaining one was not attended to,
as the disease subsided with a few deaths. No inoculations
were carried out against the disease, as it had subsided in
most of the outbreaks before the Touring Veterinary Assist-
and Surgeons could attend to them.
32. Hæmorrhagic septicæmia.—Two hundred and forty-
one deaths were reported from this disease during the year.
During the year under report, fourteen outbreak reports
were received as against eight of the previous year. Out of
the fourteen reports received, thirteen were attended to and
one was lodged for want of time or progress reports. The
number of inoculations conducted against the disease was 148.
As most of the outbreaks subsided with only a few deaths,
the staff found no necessity to do inoculations against the
disease on a large scale.
33. Blackquarter.—There was slight increase in mortality
from this disease during the year, the number of deaths being
266 against 234 of the previous year. The staff were in
receipt of sixteen outbreak reports against eight of last year,
of which fourteen were attended to and the remaining two
reports could not be attended to, either for want of time or
progress reports. As the disease was very mild in almost
all the outbreaks and completely subsided by the time the
staff reached the scenes of outbreaks, they found no necessity
to carry out inoculations against this disease.
34. Foot-and-mouth disease.—There was a marked fall in
mortality from this disease, the figures for 1930-31 and
1929-30 being 73 and 140 respectively. During the year,
the staff received 37 reports against 15 reports of last year.
All the reports except one were attended to. Five cases of
foot-and-mouth disease, three by the Touring Veterinary
Assistant Surgeon, Polavaram, one by the Touring Veterinary
Assistant Surgeon, Bhadrachalam, and one by the Veterinary
Assistant Surgeon in charge, Veterinary Hospital, Rajah-
mundry, were successfully treated by Chemo-Therapy with
intravenous injections of Lugol's solution in the initial stages
of the disease with the result that the disease was arrested
and no lesions found. The staff had no opportunities to give
a wide trial to the control of this disease by the above treat-
ment as in most of the outbreaks attended to by them it was
found that the animals affected were in an advanced stage of
the disease. The disease was severe in Nugur taluk of the
Agency tracts.
62
35. Rabies.—Thirty-nine cases were admitted into the
various institutions in this circle. The brains of seven dogs
were sent to the Pasteur Institute, Coonoor, for microscopi-
cal examination and all of them proved positive for rabies.
Confirmation was not sought for in twenty-two dogs and ten
other domestic animals. Three dogs were successfully
treated with anti-rabic vaccine. The animals are well and
are still surviving.
36. Trypanosomiasis.—One case was confirmed micros-
copically for surra. The animal was destroyed under the
Glanders and Farcy Act and the owner was compensated.
37. Bovine Lymphangitis.—Two cases were confirmed
microscopically and they were treated successfully with
vaccine received from the Madras Veterinary College.
38. Strangles.—An outbreak of this disease occurred at
Palacole and was confirmed microscopically. Intravenous
injections of iodine in the initial stages of the disease proved
of great benefit.
39. Pseudo-fowl-pest.—This disease broke out at Draksha-
rama. Twenty-six fowls were treated with intra-muscular
injections of soamin solution, besides ordinary medicinal
treatment. Ten recovered and sixteen discontinued.
40. Sheep-pox.—One outbreak was reported and attended
to.
41. Fowl-cholera.—Two outbreaks were reported to the
Touring Veterinary Assistant Surgeon, Cocanada and Ellore,
and they were attended to. In one outbreak, five fowls were
protected with fowl-cholera vaccine.
42. Cases of unusual interest.—Two bullocks suffering
from ascites were successfully treated with calcium chloride
at the Veterinary Hospital, Amalapuram. Another bullock
suffering from otorrhœa was also successfully treated at the
Veterinary Dispensary, Razole, with auto-vaccine prepared
at the Madras Veterinary College.
43. Piroplasmosis.—Thirteen cases of piroplasmosis were
confirmed microscopically, six for Babesia bigeminum, six for
Theileria species, and one for piroplasma canis.
44. Microscopical specimens
examined.—Besides the
144 microscopical specimens examined by the District Veteri-
nary Officer and the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in charge
of Veterinary Hospitals at Rajahmundry and Ellore, the staff
63
submitted specimens in 61 cases to the Principal, Madras
Veterinary College, for microscopical examination for
various diseases. Thirty-three specimens proved positive
and twenty-eight negative. Of the thirty-three, which proved
positive, one was for surra, six for Babesia bigeminum, six
for Theileria species, one for Piroplasma canis, one for
strangles, one for Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia, four for bacillus
pyocyaneus, one for pappiloma, one for dermoid growth,
one for epithelioma, two for chronic inflammatory tissue, one
for melanoma, one for lymphadenoma, and one for anchy-
lostomiasis.
45. Microscopical work.—My office and the District Head-
quarters hospitals, Rajahmundry and Ellore, have been
supplied with microscopes and a statement showing the speci-
mens examined is furnished below:—
Name of officer by
whom examined.
Veterinary Assistant
Surgeon in charge of
Veterinary
Hos-
pital, Rujahmundry.
Veterinary Assistant
Surgeon in charge of
Veterinary
Hos-
pital, Ellore.
District
Veterinary
Officer,
Rajah-
mundry.
Kind of disease for
which examined.
Surra.. .. ..
Piroplasroosis.. ..
Fowl-cholera ..
Anthrax.. ..
Blackquarter ..
Hæmorrhagic
septi-
cæmia.
Ova
of
internal
worms.
Mange
Spirochætosis ..
Total ..
Spirochætosis ..
Babesia bigeminum ..
Piro. Canis .. ..
Strangles
Ova
of
internal
worms.
Total ..
Theileria mutans ..
Surra.. .. ..
Ova of liver flukes ..
Ova
of
internal
worms.
Babesia bigeminum.
Piroplasma canis ..
Other diseases ..
Total ..
Grand total ..
Number of
specimens
examined.
5
22
16
1
1
2
48
18
2
114
2
5
1
1
6
15
5
1
3
2
2
1
1
15
144
Number of
specimens
proved
positive.
1
5
..
..
..
1
19
12
..
38
..
..
..
1
5
6
5
1
3
..
1
1
..
11
55
Number of
specimens
proved
negative.
4
17
16
1
1
1
29
6
2
76
2
5
1
..
1
9
..
..
2
1
..
1
4
89
64
As the oil-immersion lens of the microscope at the Veteri-
nary Hospital, Ellore, was out of order almost throughout the
year, a larger number of specimens could not be examined
by the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon. Several specimens
were examined by me either at headquarters or in camp, but
no record of them was kept in this office for a major portion
of the year and the microscopical work shown in the state-
ment against the "District Veterinary Officer" does not dis-
close the whole work done by him during the year.
IV.—MISCELLANEOUS.
46. Criminal poisoning.—Post-mortem examinations: were
held on two cases suspected to have died of criminal poison-
ing and the viscera were sent to the Chemical Examiner.
No poison was detected and the cases were not charge-
sheeted for want of evidence.
47. Malicious injury.—Eighteen certificates were issued
by the staff for malicious injuries at the request of the police.
The result was that in three cases the parties compromised,
four were dismissed, six were pending decision of the courts
and three were not charge-sheeted, while in two, the accused
were convicted and sentenced to two months and one and
half years imprisonment, respectively.
48. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act.—The Act has
been in force in the municipalities of Rajahmundry and
Cocanada and the veterinary hospitals at these places are in-
firmaries under the Act, but only one case was remanded to
the infirmary at Rajahmundry by the convicting Magistrate
for care and treatment.
49. Meat inspection.—The Municipality of Ellore and the
Union Board of Bhadrachalam utilized the services of the
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in charge of the veterinary
institutions at those places for inspection of meat for human
consumption. The Veterinary Assistant Surgeons inspected
23,573 carcasses and had to condemn 346 carcasses partly and
nine carcasses wholly, as they were diseased and unfit for
human consumption.
50. Fairs and shows.—There were no annual cattle and
horse fairs and shows held during the year in this circle, but
some of the weekly cattle fairs were attended by the Touring
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons concerned during the course
of their tours,
65
51. Inspection of Government livestock.—The
Govern-
ment livestock, including the Government elephants stationed
at different places in this circle were inspected by the Veterin-
ary Assistant Surgeons concerned and by me during the
course of my tours, whenever an opportunity occurred. The
Government animals at the Research Agricultural and Paddy-
breeding Stations at Samalkot and Maruteru were attended to
by the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in charge of Veterinary
Institutions, Peddapur and Palacole, respectively, and those
of the Central Jail, Rajahmundry, by the Veterinary Assistant
Surgeon in charge of Veterinary Hospital, Rajahmundry,
whenever necessity arose.
52. Propaganda.—The staff and myself distributed veteri-
nary leaflets and demonstrated the use of Burdizzo castrator
during the course of our tours. Besides the above work, the
Touring Veterinary Assistant Surgeons, as well as Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons in charge of veterinary institutions
attended the ryots' conferences held in connexion with jama-
bandi at several places in this circle and participated in
Health and Baby Week celebrations held at different centres.
During such conferences and celebrations, they took an
active part in distributing veterinary leaflets and exhibiting
some veterinary instruments. Practical demonstration of
the use of the Burdizzo castrator was also made at some
places. They also delivered lectures on the following sub-
jects so as to bring home to the public the several advantages
of the Veterinary science :—
(a) Diseases transmissible from animals to men and
modes of transmission and their prevention.
(b) Importance of cattle.
(a) Their care and management in health and disease.
(d) Classification of animal diseases and how to
prevent them.
(e) Importance of meat and milk inspection.
(f) Treatment of common diseases.
(g) Advantages of castration by Burdizzo castrator.
(h) Importance of serum simultaneous inoculations
against rinderpest.
(i) Comparative study on preservation of health.
In some places, lantern lectures were also given with the
slides obtained from the Principal, Madras Veterinary College.
9
66
53. Inspection of lethal chambers in municipalities.—The
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in charge of Veterinary Hospi-
tals, Cocanada and Ellore, carried out the quarterly inspec-
tions of the lethal chambers there. A lethal chamber was
constructed at Peddapuram by the municipality during the
year, but it has not been used so far. The municipality of
Rajahmundry has yet to provide itself with one.
54. Cattle mortality registers in municipalities.—The
municipalities of Peddapur and Rajahmundry are maintaining
the cattle mortality registers and submitting the monthly
cattle mortality statements to this office as well as to the
Collector of East Godavari district.
No cattle mortality register was maintained in Palacole
and Cocanada municipalities.
On the whole, the cattle mortality registers are not pro-
perly maintained in the municipalities.
55. The Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in charge of Veteri-
nary Hospital, Cocanada, continued to issue certificates in
respect of castor-seeds, hide-fleshings, and goat-hair for
export. Seventeen thousand five hundred and seventy tons of
castor-seeds and 1,021 bales of hide-fleshings were exported
to the United States of America and a sum of Rs. 783 was
realized by the Government towards fees on certificates
issued. The Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in charge of
Veterinary Hospital, Cocanada, who issued the certificates
was allowed to draw a moiety of the fees realized as remune-
ration.
56. Research.—No research work was undertaken during
the year.
V.—GENERAL REMARKS.
57. The touring staff and myself had to report against
five village officers for slackness in reporting outbreaks of
contagious diseases or for irregular maintenance of cattle
mortality registers.
58. Out of the 2,714 castrations done, 2,674 were done
with Burdizzo castrator. This method of castration is
rapidly becoming popular among the ryots.
67
59. Financial effects of the introduction of new scale of
fees in certain institutions.—A comparative statement show-
ing the admission fees collected during the years 1929-30 and
1930-31 in the veterinary institutions, Ellore, Rajahmundry
and Cocanada, where the new scale of fees was introduced,
is appended below :—
Name of veterinary
institution.
Veterinary
Hospital,
Rajahmundry.
Veterinary
Hospital,
Ellore.
Veterinary
Hospital,
Cocanada.
Amount of admission fees
realized.
1929-30.
RS.
218
26
238
A.
12
13
4
P.
0
0
0
1930-31.
RS.
187
87
194
A.
8
0
8
P.
0
0
0
From the above, it is perceived that there was a fall in
admission fees at the veterinary institutions, Rajahmundry
and Cocanada, which was attributed to the fact that the
owners of animals discontinued sending them to the hospital
for a full course of treatment for fear of weekly admission
fees. As a result of the introduction of the new scale of
fees, there was a fall in the average daily attendance at the
Veterinary Hospital, Cocanada. But for the weekly admis-
sion fees, the admissions and average daily attendance at the
veterinary institutions, Rajahmundry, Cocanada and Ellore,
would have been greater.
60. Office staff.—All the clerks worked enthusiastically
and diligently.
C. SURYANARAYANAMURTI,
District Veterinary Officer, Rajahmundry.
68
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT OF THE DISTRICT
VETERINARY OFFICER, BEZWADA, FOR THE YEAR
1930-31.
I.—ADMINISTRATION.
1. M.R.Ry. R. Narasinga Rao Avargal held charge of the
circle consisting of Kistna and Guntur districts till 7th May
1930 forenoon, when I took charge and continued for the
remainder of the year.
During the period of his stay M.R.Ry. R. Narasinga
Rao Avargal was on tour for eleven days and conducted 3,284
serum simultaneous inoculations.
I was on tour for 202 days and protected 20,962 animals by
serum simultaneous method, with virus obtained locally, as
well as from the Madras Veterinary College. Owing to various
reasons such as (1) refusal of ryots to submit their animals
to western methods of treatment, (2) ignorance, superstition
and factions among ryots and (3) inadequate supply of serum
when very large number of animals were awaiting inoculations.
I had personally to conduct serum simultaneous inoculations
in the following villages :—
Bandar division
Kaikalur
„
Bezwada
„
Nuzvid
„
Tiruvur
„
Guntur
„
Tenali
„
Vinukonda „
... Dodlapalern.
... Lingala.
... Royyur, Tattigadapa, Pedapuli
paka, Mulagalapalli, Lanka.
Proddatur, Guntapalli, Ibra-
hampatam.
... Penamalur, Katur, Gogulampad
... Vavilala.
... Krosur, Thullurn, Government
Lam Farm, Guntur, Neeru-
konda, Kunchinapalli Agra-
haram, Kolanukonda, Stham-
balacheruvu.
... Thummapudi.
... Bommarajupalli and Ipur.
In this connexion I acknowledge with thanks the help
rendered by Revenue authorities, especially Deputy Tahsildar,
Mangalagiri.
69
Most of the Touring Veterinary Assistant Surgeons have
failed to take the opportunity to castrate bulls till the end of
October 1930. Therefore I toured with several of the
Touring Veterinary Assistant Surgeons for a few days to
instruct them on castration propaganda. Thus during the year
under report, 2,219 castrations ere done—nearly five times
the figure of the previous year as shown below :—
1929-30
1930-31
...
...
.........
...
...
...
428
2,21a
All the veterinary institutions and touring billets were inspect-
ed twice during the year once in detail, and the other
non-detail.
Two cases of rinderpest of severe type were treated with
carbovent in Komaravole village of Gudivada taluk and the
results were found to be favourable. The drug should how-
ever be tried on a larger number of cases before an opinion
could be given.
The indigenous drug supplied by R. G. Sashittal, Esq.,
Bombay, was given a trial at Katur in Gannavaram taluk on
five cases, and was found to be of no use in all of them.
Two of the Government bullocks at Lam in Guntur
protected by the serum simultaneous method in the years
1921 and 1924 were tested to ascertain the period of immunity
conferred by giving virus alone, and both of them remained
perfectly normal and showed no reaction whatsoever.
2. I selected sites for the construction of permanent
buildings at Gudivada and Narasaraopet and acted as a member
of the site selection committee in the former. I also inspected
the sites proposed for the construction of permanent build-
ings at Bandar, Nuzvid and Bezwada and selected suitable
buildings for the location of veterinary dispensaries at Gura-
zala, Nuzvid and Vuyyur. Nuzvid dispensary has, since the
close of the year, been shifted to a Government building. The
building selected for Gurazala has been approved by the
Government and the premises at Vuyyur has been occupied
and veterinary dispensary opened on 1st September 1930.
3. While at headquarters, I attended the Veterinary
Dispensary, Bezwada, and similarly in camp, the mufassal
institutions, and rendered the necessary professional help to
the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in charge, when necessity
arose.