NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
13
in force in the Madras Veterinary College and in 25 important
veterinary institutions in the mufassal during the year under
report, the second year of its trial. The total receipts on
account of fees realized in veterinary institutions during the
year was about Rs. 12,468, while in the years 1929-30 and
1928-29 the fees amounted to about Rs. 15,444 and Rs. 9,310
respectively.
65. There has been an increase in the receipts after the
introduction of the new rates of fees without unduly affecting
the attendance at the institutions. Except in the case of a
few, there was no indication that the new scale of fees was
prejudicial to the working of the institutions. A detailed
report is being submitted to Government on the subject.
IX.—FINANCE.
66. According to the registers of this office, the expendi-
ture of this department was Rs. 11,67,947-10-4 as compared
with Rs. 11,82,753-8-6 of the previous year. There was an
increase under each sub-head except under ' Touring
Establishments '. The increase was mainly due to the general
expansion of the department and the opening of seven veteri-
nary institutions, the creation of certain additional posts in
connexion with the introduction of the revised curriculum at
the Madras Veterinary College from 1st July 1930 and pur-
chase of additional equipment and stores for this purpose and
for the laboratory extensions. The fall under ' Touring
Establishments ' is due to rinderpest being less severe than in
the previous year and the irregular supply of serum from
Muktesar for about five months during the year. The receipts
of the department amounted to Rs. 35,293-8-1 as against
Rs. 32,998-3-1 of the previous year.
X.—FUTURE PROGRAMME OF WORK.
67. Administration.—Under the present organization, the
Presidency is divided into 12 Circles, each in charge of an
Officer of the Madras Veterinary Service designated District
Veterinary Officer. In view of the increased work due to
Serum Simultaneous inoculations against Rinderpest and in
view of the increase in the strength of the staff, I consider
that the time has arrived for the appointment of Deputy
Directors in accordance with the recommendation of the Royal
Commission on Agriculture to assist the Director in carrying
on the administration of the department.
14
68. Education.—The new curriculum which was intro-
duced in the Madras Veterinary College last year, will be
in force in the first and second year classes this year while
the third year class will continue under the old curriculum.
The new curriculum will be in full force in all the three classes
with effect from the 1932-33 session.
69. In view of the impracticability of holding the Refresher
course, as a separate class as in previous years and on account
of the difficulty in finding accommodation for the practical
classes, it has been decided not to hold the Refresher course
during the current year. From the year 1932-33, the period
of this course will, it is hoped, be extended to nine months so
as to cover a whole academic year and the course will be held
in conjunction with the diploma classes.
70. Laboratory work and research.—The Pathological
and Parasitological sections of the laboratory will continue to
carry out the several items of research work which have
already been taken on hand, the most important items being
the investigation of the incidence of Pseudo-fowl-pest and
Trypanosomiasis. The routine experiments and examinations
of materials, preparation of vaccine, etc., will also be con-
tinued. The production of Rinderpest Virus will be pro-
ceeded with in the Pathological section of the laboratory till
the proposed Serum Institute is opened.
71. With a view to utilizing to the fullest possible extent
the vast agricultural and vegetable resources of the country in
Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry and in order to
make a thorough investigation on scientific lines of the indi-
genous drugs from the veterinary stand-point of view, the
question of the appointment of a research staff, has engaged
my attention for some time. A detailed scheme for the ap-
pointment of a Research Officer to undertake this investiga-
tion in collaboration with the Medical Department was
recently drawn up and as it was considered that the scheme,
in view of its all-India importance, should be financed by the
Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, it was, after
approval by the local Agricultural Advisory Committee and the
Government, forwarded to the Imperial Council of Agricul-
tural Research for consideration and acceptance. It was
considered by the Advisory Board of the Imperial Council of
Agricultural Research in its recent meeting at Simla in June
1931 and was accepted with slight modifications. It will
come up before the Governing Body of the Imperial Council
of Agricultural Research in its next meeting.
15
*
*
*
*
*
73. With a view to conducting an investigation into the
methods adopted at present for combating Rinderpest in this
Presidency, to ascertain the most economical and efficient dose
of serum required to protect cattle by the Serum Simultaneous
method and suggesting measures for improving the statistics
relating to outbreaks of Rinderpest and mortality due to it,
Government have sanctioned during the current year the crea-
tion of a post of Special Rinderpest Officer borne on the Madras
Veterinary Service, temporarily for a period of two years
and have approved the appointment of M.R.Ry. H. C. Sam-
path Ayyangar Avargal to the post. A programme of work
and a detailed memorandum of the points for investigation
have already been drawn up and approved by Government.
Mr. Sampath Ayyangar will assume charge of his new post
and commence the investigation shortly.
74. The production of anti-Rinderpest serum being an
essential factor in the preventive measures adopted for this
disease, the question of the establishment of a Serum Insti-
tute in this Presidency with a view to ensure a prompt and
uninterrupted supply of serum for use in the districts, has been
under consideration. The proposal to locate the Institute at
Coonoor having been abandoned, experiments were conducted
at the Madras Veterinary College during the year under report
to ascertain whether potent serum can be produced in or near
Madras City both in the cold and hot weather. Up to the
present, several hundred animals have been immunised by the
Serum Simultaneous method with the serum manufactured
under the experimental scheme and the results are satisfac-
tory. The experiments having afforded sufficient data of a
definite nature in regard to the potency of the serum manu-
factured in Madras during the hot as well as cold weather, a
detailed scheme has been drawn up for the establishment of an
Institute in Madras for the production of serum on a large
scale. If the sanction of Government is received in time, it
is hoped to commence manufacture during the current year.
75. Propaganda.—Propaganda work will be continued
on existing lines, every effort being made to familiarize the
rvots in veterinary matters. In order to equip each District
Veterinary Officer with a complete set of propaganda
materials, the Principal, Madras Veterinary College, has been
requested to prepare duplicate sets of all existing slides and
the work is in progress. In order to enable the District Veteri-
nary Officers to arrange for magic lantern demonstrations and
16
lectures without frequently indenting on the Principal, Madras
Veterinary College for assistance it is proposed to give train-
ing in lantern demonstration work to one or two Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons from each circle at the Madras Veterinary
College during the current year.
76. In connexion with the propaganda work of this depart-
ment, proposals are already before Government for the equip-
ment of a separate motor unit for this department. It has
recently been suggested to Government that if this is not possi-
ble in view of the present financial stringency, one of the three
motor units now in possession of the Agricultural Department
may be lent to this department as a temporary measure for a
sufficiently long period every year for Veterinary propaganda
purposes.
P. T. SAUNDERS,
Director of Veterinary Services
MADRAS,
9th July 1931.
17
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT OF THE MADRAS
VETERINARY COLLEGE FOR THE YEAR 1930-31.
I.—ADMINISTRATION
.
From the beginning of the year, M.R.Ry. V. Krishnamurti
Ayyar Avargal, Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology, con-
tinued to act as Principal until the forenoon of 2nd July 1930
when he proceeded on leave handing over charge to Mr.
T. J. Hurley. Mr. T. J. Hurley was confirmed as Principal
and Professor of Medicine with effect from 9th December
1930, vice Mr. P. T. Saunders appointed Director.
On the introduction of the revised curriculum of studies
the number of gazetted posts excluding that of the Principal
was increased to seven as detailed below :—
1. Lecturer in Hygiene, M.R.Ry. K. Kailasam Ayyar Avar-
gal, from 1st July 1930 onwards. He continued to do the duties
of the Resident Veterinary Officer and Personal Assistant to the
Principal throughout the year, and also held charge of the Patho-
logy section till 4th July 1930.
2. Lecturer in Pharmacology, M.R.Ry. M. R. V. Panikkar
Avargal, from 1st July 1930 onwards. He acted as Professor of
Medicine and also was in charge of the Parasitology section from
1st April 1930.
3. Lecturer in Parasitology, M.R.Ry. M. Anantanarayan
Rao Avargal from 2nd July 1930 onwards.
4. Lecturer in Surgery, M.R.Ry. K. S. Nair Avargal, from
1st July 1930 onwards. He was Professor of Surgery from 1st
April 1930 to 30th June 1930.
5. Lecturer in Pathology and Bacteriology, Mr. G. A.
Ajwani, from 4th July 1930 onwards. He acted in the vacancy
caused by the absence of the Professor of Pathology and Bacteri-
ology who proceeded on leave.
6. Lecturer in Anatomy—Vacant.
7. Lecturer in Physiology—Vacant.
M.R.Ry. H. N. Chelva- Ayyangar, a selection grade Veteri-
nary Assistant Surgeon, was doing the duties of the Lecturer
in Anatomy. He proceeded on leave out of India on 9th
3
18
December 1930 and from that date M.R.Ry. A. Raja Rao
Nayudu, Assistant Lecturer, was in charge of the subject of
Anatomy. M.R.Ry. M. R. V. Panikkar Avargal did the
duties of the Lecturer in Physiology as he had not to teach
Pharmacology during the year according to the revised curri-
culum. The post of a temporary Assistant Lecturer in Chemis-
try was sanctioned for one year in G.O. Ms. No. 1353 (27-S),
Development, dated 30th June 1930, in the scale of Rs. 125—
5—175 in lieu of a post in the Madras Veterinary Service
sanctioned for the post of Lecturer in the Madars Veterinary
College and kept in abeyance. M.R.Ry. R. Narayanaswami
was appointed to the post from the forenoon of 11th July 1930
and he continued to the end of the year.
In accordance with the Government Order sanctioning
the revised curriculum, an Assistant to each of the Professors
and Lecturers was appointed from the existing hospital and
laboratory staff.
An additional clerk on Rs. 40—40—1½—55—1—65, an
attender on Rs. 23—23—23—1—35, two attendants on Rs. 15
—20 each and a peon on Rs. 15—20 were sanctioned and
appointed during the year.
M.R.Ry. V. Krishnamurti Ayyar Avargal, who was on
leave from 2nd July 1930 forenoon, was transferred as Dis-
trict Veterinary Officer, Madanapalle.
M.R.Ry. M. R. V. Panikkar Avargal was on leave on
average pay on medical certificate for one month from 7th
June 1930 with permission to prefix the College vacation.
Veterinary Assistant Surgeon G. R. Viswanathan was on leave
on average pay on the 4th and 5th October 1930, and also
on medical certificate from 6th October 1930 to 5th November
1930, and no substitute was appointed during this period.
II.—INSTRUCTION.
(a) There was no change in the personnel of the Com-
mittee for the selection of candidates during the year both
at Madras and at Bezwada.
The number of candidates selected by the Committees at
Bezwada and at Madras arranged according to the community,
qualifications, etc., is shown below :—
19
—
Brahmans .. ..
Non-Brahmans ..
Indian Christians ..
Muhammadans ..
Anglo-Indians
..
Depressed classes ..
Total ..
Bezwada.
Graduates.
2
..
..
..
..
..
2
Intermediates.
6
3
..
..
..
..
9
Secondary School
Leaving Certifi-
cates.
..
6
3
4
..
..
13
Total.
8
9
3
4
..
..
24
Madras.
Graduates.
2
..
..
..
..
..
2
Intermediates.
1
2
2
..
..
..
5
Secondary Sohool¬
Leaving Certifi-
cates.
2*
5
..
2
1*
2
12
Total.
5
7
2
2
1
2
19
Grand total.
13
16
5
6
1
2
43
NOTE.—* Represents the extra non-stipendiaries selected.
With a view to induce young men with higher educational
qualifications to join the College, 14. of the 40 seats are
reserved for Intermediates and six for Graduates in Science.
During the year under report the Committee selected 4 Gradu-
ates, 14 Intermediates and 25 S.S.L.Cs. at Bezwada and
Madras, in the percentage of 10, 35 and 55 respectively as
sufficient number of Graduates were not forthcoming at Bez-
wada.
Consequent on the reservation of seats for Graduates and
Intermediates who are given three years' and five years' senio-
rity on appointment to the department, the grant of scholar-
ships is restricted to Secondary School-Leaving Certificate
holders only, who are 50 per cent of the total number select-
ed. Thus the scholarships are reduced from 40 to 20.
In addition, 15 candidates were provisionally selected,
six at Bezwada and nine at Madras to fill probable vacancies.
Of these provisionally selected candidates one belonging to the
depressed classes was admitted to a vacancy. Four State
scholars from Mysore and one from Pondicherry, one private
student from Cochin, and two from Travancore were admit-
ted into the first year class. Two failed students of the pre-
vious year rejoined the class.
Two students resigned as early as 4th July 1930 and one
place was filled by one of the provisionally selected candidates
as shown above. Of the remainder, ten of the selected candi-
dates left the College during the course of the year. Thus
at the close of the year 42 students were on the rolls of the
first year class. Of these, three were not permitted to appear
for the Board Examination.
20
The strength of classes B and C at the end of the year
was 43 and 32 respectively making a total of 117 on 31st
March 1931 for all the classes.
Arranged according to community these were :—
1. Brahmans
2. Non-Brahmans
3. Muhammadans
4. Indian Christians
5. Depressed classes
....
...
...
...
...
Total
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
41
47
13
12
4
117
The number of paying students as it stood on 31st March
1931 was ten—five from Mysore, two from Coorg, one from
Pondicherry, one from Travancore, and one from Cochin.
Revised Curriculum.—In their Order Ms. No. 782, Develop-
ment, dated 7th April 1930, the Government sanctioned the
introduction of the revised curriculum which came into force
on 1st July 1930. The period of study remained the same
as hitherto, viz., three years, but the new curriculum has been
designed to provide a basic training in most of the essential
subjects pertaining to veterinary science. Another feature
is the changes introduced in the subject of comparative Ana-
tomy the ox being taken as the type instead of the horse.
First year : —
1. Anatomy.
2. Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic.
3. Biology (Botany and Zoology).
4. Handling of Animals.
Second year :—
1. Histology and Embryology.
2. Physiology including Biochemistry.
3. Pathology, Bacteriology and Immunology.
4. Parasitology, including Protozoology.
5. Pharmacology including Materia Medica.
6. Surgical Anatomy and Shoeing.
Third year :—
1. Surgery including Obstetrics, Soundness and Jurispru-
dence.
2. Therapeutics and Toxicology.
3. Preventive Medicine including Meat and Milk Inspec-
tion, and Sanitary Law.
4. Hygiene including Genetics and Nutrition.
21
(b) Scholarships.—A comparative statement showing the
number of scholarships sanctioned is shown below :—
A Class
B „
C „
..
..
..
..
..
..
1928-29.
40
15
15
1929-30.
40
40
15
1930-31.
20
40
40
(c) Training of students.—Every facility was afforded
to the first year class for practical instruction in Biology and
Chemistry. The second and third year students whose curri-
cula of studies remained unchanged during the year were given
ample scope to acquire both theoretical and practical knowl-
edge of subjects taught, by means of clinical lectures and
demonstrations. The inaugural meeting of the Madras Veteri-
nary College Medical Association of the students was presided
over by Lieut.-Col. H. H. King, I.M.S., Director, King Insti-
tute, Guindy, and in his address he spoke about the " Plague
and the Rat Flea Survey " in this Presidency. The students
had the benefit of magic lantern lectures held in the College
hall on various subjects of interest to the profession and on
public health.
(d) Professional examinations for 1930-31.—The follow-
ing officers constituted the Board of Examiners and conducted
the annual examinations from 20th March to 30th March
1931:—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mr. K. Hewlett, Principal, Bombay
Veterinary College.—President.
Mr. P. T. Saunders, Director of Veteri¬
nary Services, Madras.
Mr. T. J. Hurley, Principal, Madras
Veterinary College.
M.R.Ry. V. Krishnamurti Ayyar Avar¬
gal, District Veterinary
Officer,
Madanapalle.
Mr. M. Crawford, Assistant Govern-
ment Veterinary Surgeon, Colombo.
Members.
The results of the examinations are given below :—
First year
Second year
Third year
..
..
..
..
..
..
Number
appeared.
38
43
32
Number
passed.
28
32
27
Percentage
of passes.
73.68
74.42
84.37
The Board of Examiners considered that the results of the
examinations were satisfactory.
22
For those students who failed in not more than one subject
in the examinations held in March 1930 in the first and second
year classes and were provisionally promoted, a supplementary
examination was held in October 1930. Four students ap-
peared for the examination and all of them passed.
(e) Refresher Course.—Six Veterinary Assistant Sur-
geons from the Madras Civil Veterinary Department, one from
the Corporation of Madras, and one from the Pudukkottai
Darbar attended the Refresher Course which was held from
July to December 1930.
With a view to impart some practical knowledge in animal
husbandry, dairying, clean milk production, etc., the students
were sent on excursion to the Institute of Dairying and Animal
Husbandry, Bangalore, the Serum Institute, Bangalore, and
the Hosur Cattle Farm. M.R.Ry. K. Kailasam Ayyar Avargal
was in charge of the party.
At the Institute of Dairying and Animal Husbandry, the
students received instruction in the care and management
of the dairy stock and practical demonstration in the methods
employed in the processes of pasteurization and bottling of
milk.
At the Serum Institute they were shown the methods em-
ployed in the preparation of anti-rinderpest serum. At the
Hosur Cattle Farm they saw the Piggery, Poultry Yard, and
the Grass Farm where hay-making was in progress, and also
witnessed a demonstration in sheep-dipping.
A Board comprising the following members conducted the
examination at the end of the Refresher Course :—
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mr. P. T. Saunders.
Mr. T. J. Hurley.
M.R.Ry. K. Kailasam Ayyar Avargal.
M.R.Ry. M. R. V. Panikkar Avargal.
M.R.Ry. M. Anantanarayana Rao Avargal.
Mr. G. A. Ajwani.
The form of the certificate to be given to students at the
end of the course was further modified.
(f) Hostel, Health, and Athletics.—The management of
the hostel continued to be vested in M.R.Ry. K. Kailasam
Ayyar Avargal.
The health of the students during the year under review
was good. All the students took part in one or more of the
out-door games, such as football, cricket, hockey, tennis, etc.
As usual the College teams took part in the Inter-Collegiate
Tournaments in football and cricket.
23
The College Day annual sports were held in February
under the presidency of the Hon'ble Mr. P. T. Rajan, Minister
for Public Works. The various events were well contested
and the students had a very enjoyable day.
III.—HOSPITAL.
1. Madras Veterinary College Hospital.
(a) Admission and treatment.—There has been an
appreciable increase in the number of admissions as compared
with the previous year :—
—
In-patients ..
Out-patients.
Total ..
Equines
1929-30.
148
159
307
1930-31.
129
145
274
Bovines.
1929-30.
177
652
829
1930-31.
141
925
1,066
Others.
1929-30.
382
2,040
2,422
1980-31.
371
2,083
2,454
Total.
1929-30.
707
2,851
3,668
1930-31.
641
3,153
3,794
Average daily
attendance.
1929-30
68.4
1930-31.
65.6
Surgical operations, major, minor and castrations performed
in the College hospital during 1929-30 and 1930-31 :—
—
Major .. .. .. ..
Minor .. .. .. ..
Castrations .. .. ..
Horses.
1929-20.
5
18
2
1930-31.
2
9
3
Cattle.
1929-30.
23
94
12
1930-31.
3
53
..
Others.
1929-30.
9
199
21
1930-31.
16
180
16
Total.
1929-30.
37
311
35
1930-31.
21
248
19
(b) Salient features regarding medical cases—1. Omna-
din—a preparation of Bayer.—This drug was tried on four
dogs showing clinical symptoms of distemper. Two of these
dogs showed distinct signs of improvement and recovered
and the other two did not do well under this treatment.
2. Sulpho Stab—a preparation by Boots.—This was tried
on two dogs suffering from P. canis infection. One dog was
given 0.3 gramme in 2 c.c. of distilled water subcutaneously.
This developed an abscess and the skin at the region sloughed
off. Smears taken four days after the injection showed no
P. canis and the dog was quite normal except for the open
wound at the seat of injection.
24
The second dog was given the dose in 10 c.c. of distilled
water half in each leg; after injection the leg was swollen
and the dog was lame. Smears taken subsequently revealed
P. canis in gradually decreasing numbers and from the third
day smears were negative.
3. Normal Saline 3 per cent and 4 per cent.—These
strengths of N.S.S. were tried in cases of corneal opacity, some
with ulceration and some without ulcerations of the cornea.
Injections were given subcutaneously at an interval of three or
four days. The results were encouraging.
4. Ultra-Violet Ray treatment.—An apparatus was installed
during the latter part of the year. Below are the particulars
of the canine patients which received this treatment :—
1. Eczema
...
...
2. Staphylococcus infection in the leg
3. Chronic otorrhœa
4. Chronic diarrhœa
5. Follicular mange
6. Sarcoptic mange
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
1
1
1
3
1
The skin cases showed some improvement and in the other
there was an appreciable change for the better with this treat-
ment. More cases are under trial.
5. Trypaflavin.—50 c.c. of 2 per cent solution of this drug
was given intravenously to an Ayrshire calf which showed a
high temperature with Theileria mutans in its blood. The next
day the temperature came down but the smears continued to
reveal a few Theileria mutans. Five days after the first injec-
tion a second injection of 40 c.c. of 2 per cent solution was
given. Subsequent blood smears were negative and the
temperature was normal.
6. Bayer 205.—This drug was used on a stud buffalo-
bull with high temperature with trypanosomes in its blood.
80 c.c. of 1 per cent solution was given intravenously. The
temperature gradually came down to normal and from the
third day onwards after the injection the smears were negative.
Of the brains of 70 dogs and 4 calves sent to the Pasteur
Institute, Coonoor, for microscopical examination, 53 were
declared positive for rabies, 19 inconclusive and 2 unfit for
examination. In the case of ten dogs, the brains could not
be sent to Coonoor owing to interruption in railway communi-
cation. These were examined in the College laboratory, and
eight were positive for rabies and two inconclusive.
Nineteen dogs, two cows, and three calves underwent anti-
rabic treatment in the College hospital.