xxi
The body is in poor condition, bub not so much emaciated as horses generally are when
they have succumbed to " Surra." There is no fluid in the pleural cavities, and there are
no pleuritic adhesions. The lungs are of a reddish pink colour fully distended with air
except at certain spots which are of a dark purple colour ; these are dotted over the apices
of both organs, and on examination are found to be the seat of atelectasis.
There are no extravasations of blood on the surface of the organs, or caseous nodules
lying under the visceral pleura. On section the tissues present a reddish pink colour and
appear to be well distended with air.
The pericardium contains about 60 c.c. of an orange-coloured fluid, and there are no
adhesions.
The heart weighs 5 lbs. 15 ozs. after removal of the contained blood and clots.
Externally there is nothing pathological to notice. The right auricle contains a small
quantity of black semi-fluid blood ; there are no sub-endocardial petechia3. The right ven-
tricle contains dark semi-fluid blood and some clots, but no petechiæ ; valves normal.
The left auricle contains a small quantity of dark fluid blood ; no petechias.
The left ventricle is almost empty, contracted, no petechias ; mitral and aortic valves
healthy.
The stomach is partially distended with semi-digested food. On section, the cuticular
portion is healthy ; the mucous membrane of the villous portion is pale, with the exception of
a small patch irregular in outline about two inches in diameter, which lies midway between
the cuticular boundary and the pylorus, which presents a very pale pink colour and which
is due to slight congestion. There is, however, neither ulceration nor thickening of the mu-
cous coat.
The small intestine externally appears normal. On section the walls are found coated
with mucus and there are several (5) localized patches, made up of small round red coloured
spots, each spot being about 1/6th inch in diameter and the patches 1 inch to 1½ in diameter.
These are widely separated and there is no solution of continuity of the mucous membrane.
No parasites of any kind were observed although their presence was carefully searched for.
Cœcum and colon are distended with green digested material. Fasces examined and
the walls of the cæcum and colon carefully searched for parasites but none were found.
Liver weighs 12 lbs. and 3.½ ozs. There are two faintly-yellow patches on the convex
surface of the right lobe and two on the left, somewhat raised above the level of the sur-
rounding tissue, circular in form and varying from one inch to two inches in diameter.
These are due to old localized thickening and opacity of Glisson's capsule. There are also
two small cirular caseous bodies about 1/12th inch in diameter, easy of enucleation. On section
the large vessels are found to contain much blood, but the tissue on examination appears to
be normal.
The spleen weighs 2 lbs. 5 ozs., is small, firm on section and contains little or no
blood.
The kidneys.—The right weighs 1 lb. 12½ ozs, the left 1 lb. 10 ozs. The capsules are
easily separated, surface smooth, the superficial veins are slightly distended ; but there are
no petechias visible. On section the cortical portion of both organs presents a vertical
striation, dark-red in colour, alternating with a dull white. The medullary substance is
pale.
The bladder contains 1.5 litres of orange coloured urine—Sp. Gr. 1,020— alkaline, but
not a trace of albumen.
Eyes.—The conjunctivas present numerous ecchymoses of a deep purple colour, turning
to claret at the edge of the patches. There are on section of the organs, neither extravasa-
tions of blood in the fundus of either eye nor signs of any having occurred at an earlier date
of the disease.
Brain and spinal cord,—On opening the skull and the spinal canal the superficial veins
on the surface of the brain and cord are found to be somewhat congested. The only
abnormality observable is the increased amount of cerebro-spinal fluid, which has some-
what distended the lateral ventricles and caused some pressure in the spinal canal, about 75
c.c. were measured.
Remarks on the case.—On perusal of this ease, it will be evident to every one that the
four horses A, B, C and D were in normal health and condition up to the time of their
leaving Malabar Hill on March 16th, 1892. On this date A, B and C were taken to Pali
Hill, Bándra, and were watered from the wells which at that season of the year are getting
low, and the water dirty and somewhat concentrated. The animal D was on the same date
stabled in the Fort, Bombay. The horses A, B and C drank the above well water from
March 17 th to April 14th, from which date, as the water had been pronounced very bad, it was
discontinued, and Vehár pipe water substituted. A became unwell on the 15th April appear-
ing feverish ; on the 26th she was quite well again and with B and C was taken on a shikár
expedition, during which they were watered at rivers and wells, together with four or five
sowars' horses. During this period all these animals were exposed to exactly the same in-
fluences with regard to season, climate, feeding and watering as A, B and C were. They all
B 1086—6 ap