clxxi
Lunga are the seat of considerable emphysema, especially at the apices and along the
free borders. There are a few circular extravasations of blood dotted over the surfaces of
the organs, and on section the tissues present a yellowish-red colour. They are otherwise
healthy.
Heart.—There are two ounces of an amber-coloured fluid in the pericardial sac which
contains a few hæmatozoa. There is a collection of yellow-coloured exudation round the
base of the organ, and a few small irregular shaped ecchymoses dotted over the muscular
walls.
On section.—The right auricle is fully distended with blood clots but there are no sub-
endocardial extravasations. The right ventricle contains some dark-coloured clot, bathed in
fluid blood. There are a few small extravasations lying beneath the endocardium, but the
auriculo-ventricular valves are not involved. The left auricle is distended with clot, and is
healthy. The left ventricle is contracted and contains a small amount of clot, the walls are
hypertrophied and have undergone a fatty change, and there are a few extravasations
under the endocardial lining. Valves free and normal.
Liver is large, dark in colour and presents peri-hepatitis of old standing. There are a
few round, yellowish-green coloured spots on the surface of the organ, which on section are
found to have thick calcareous walls, and the centre of them is made up of caseous material.
On section of the organ, dark-coloured fluid blood exudes freely from the cut surfaces, and
a few yellow concretions are observed encapsuled in the substance of the tissues.
Stomach is somewhat distended, but externally presents nothing abnormal. On section
it is found to contain a certain amount of semi-digested food, exceedingly offensive in smell.
The cuticular portion appears healthy. The villous portion presents a patch reddish in
colour lying midway between the line of demarcation and the pylorus. There is no ulcera-
tion.
Spleen is somewhat enlarged and weighs 3 lbs. 9 ozs. There are a few ecchymoses, dark
in colour on the convex surface. On section the tissues are firm and healthy.
Kidneys,—Right weighs 1 lb. 9 ozs. Left 1 lb. 13 1/2ozs. Both organs were found to be
lying in a bed of yellow jelly-like exudation. The capsules strip off' easily, and present
patches of injected stellate veins. On section the organs are pale, but appear healthy to the
naked eye.
The large and small intestines present nothing pathological.
Brain.—On removal of the skull cap, the membranes present a pale appearance.
The veins on the surface of the hemispheres are distended with dark fluid blood ; on section,
the brain tissue is pale in colour, dotted over with small specks of blood. The lateral
ventricles are distended with fluid, slightly opalescent in colour.
Nasal fosses.—On removal of the anterior bony wall covering in the nasal fossæ. The
mucous membrane lining the cavity, and covering the turbinated bones, presents a dark-
purple colour due to intense congestion, and at a very short distance appears perfectly black.
No ulceration was found after careful examination.
Remarks.—The points of interest in this case are :—
(i). That the disease can be conveyed by placing a relatively minute quantity of
blood containing the hæmatozoon into an incision involving the cuticle only without
blood being drawn.
(ii). That swelling and induration followed at the seat of the incision exactly as in
the case, when the inoculation was made subcutaneously.
(iii). As might be expected from the position selected for the inoculation, extensive
pathological changes occurred about the head, as evidenced by the condition of the
mucous membranes covering the turbinated bones and the enlargement of the sub-maxil-
lary glands.
(iv.)Although only a fraction of a drop of blood was used for the purpose of in-
oculation, the period of incubation, namely, the time which elapsed between the inocula-
tion and the first appearance of the hæmatozoon in the blood, was only seven days.
This period has been exceeded in horses which have received 1c.c. of Surra blood
subcutaneously.