16
Cavalry regiment (3rd P. 0.) lost 350 horses. In the late war it caused enorm-
ous mortality among horses, mules and ponies used in Upper Burma, and
according to Steele ninety-eight per cent. died from it, and Komree. Surra is
endemic in the island of Bombay, and has been frequently recognized in animals
in the low district lying below the western gháts, called the Konkan, and less
frequently in other parts of this vast continent, separated from each other by
many hundreds of miles, viz., in the Berars, in Meerut, and other parts of
the North-Western Provinces, as well as in Assam and Cachar. Blanchard recog-
nized this disease in Tonquin among the transport mules belonging to the French
Government. In 1876 a disease was pointed out to Haig in Persia, which he
was told was invariably fatal, the cause of which the natives ascribed to the
animal's drinking impure water. On Haig's return to India he became acquainted
with Surra, and then recognized that the Persian animals were affected with
all the outward symptoms of that disease. There are reasons for believing that
animals have succumbed to this disease in Abyssinia, and probably also in
Southern Europe, North America, Brazil, East Africa, and Australia,
SECTION V.
PRECIS OF CASES.
PART I.
Naturally contracted Surra Cases.
No. 1.—A grey Arab horse, 7 years old, had been ill for 48 days. Disease
advanced. Fever continued with remissions ; lived two days under observation.
Hæmatozoa swarming.
Autopsy.—Body emaciated, nasal mucous membrane thickened and congest-
ed. Lungs healthy, liver healthy, spleen enlarged, stomach, cuticular portion
thickened, villous portion congested, several ecchymoses dotted over the surface
of the mucous membrane. Kidneys pale, but appeared healthy.
No. 11.—A Bay Arab gelding, 8 years old, had been ill for 43 days.
Disease advanced on arrival at the Laboratory. Supposed to have contracted
it from drinking the water from polluted wells. There was effusion of
blood into the anterior chambers of both eyes, observed six days previous to
death, and slight ulceration on the septum of the left nostril. Fever was con-
tinued with remissions. The animal lived six days under observation. The
hæmatozoon was present in the blood during five days. Death occurred on the
49th day of the disease.
Autopsy.—Body emaciated, yellow coloured exudation lying under the skin in
the sternal region. Lungs.—Pneumonic consolidation at the apex and anterior
and outer borders of the right lung ; the left free. Ecchymoses were dotted over
the surface of the visceral pleuræ. Liver, the seat of an old peri-hepatitis. Spleen
enlarged, and presented sub-capsular petechias. Kidneys pale in colour but ap-
peared healthy. Stomach contracted, cuticular portion stained a yellow colour,
villous portion thickened, and dotted over with a few ecchymoses.
No. III.—A brown Arab gelding, aged, history of sixteen days illness pre-
vious to its arrival at the Laboratory. An eruption of Urticaria appeared during
the second and third week of the disease, and later an effusion of blood took
place into the anterior chambers of both eyes causing total blindness. The fever
was of the continued type accompanied by daily remissions and by intermissions
of short duration at irregular intervals. The hæmatozoon was present off and
on until death, which occurred on the fifty-seventh day of the disease.
Autopsy.—Body emaciated. Both corneæ opaque. Lungs presented localized
patches of emphysema, stomach, cuticular portion healthy, villous portion the seat
of congestion and the Spiroptera megastoma. Spleen much enlarged, dotted over
with sub-capsular petechias. Liver the seat of numerous circumscribed, pearly
white bodies, which had undergone calcification, dotted through the tissues and
lying thickly scattered under Glisson's capsule, Kidneys. The capsules adherent
jn places, with a circular extravasation on the cortical portion, and on section found