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Ecchymoses were present in two naturally acquired (Nos. II, LVI), whilst,
no less than nine inoculated animals (Nos. XIV, XV, VI, XXI, XXIV, LIX,
LIV XX) also showed them.
The Mesenteric glands.—These were not enlarged as a rule, and presented
abnormal appearances only in one case (No. III).
The Liver.—This organ is nearly always enlarged, especially so when death
occurs during a paroxysm. In case No. XV it weighed nineteen pounds,
seventeen and a half ounces. The anterior or convex surface as a rule presents
circular patches, white or yellow in colour, when the membranes have been
yellow during life, and these are due to thickening of the capsule. The surfaces
of both lobes in nearly all the cases observed have shown signs of old perihepa-
titis ; and in a large majority of country-bred animals examined, small, round or
irregular masses of a hard, gritty consistency have been present on the surface
of the organ, lying under the capsule and more or less invading the tissues ; these
are of parasitical origin.
Perihepatitis was present in the organs of all the naturally acquired Surra
animals examined, and the hard concretions in (Nos. III, X, LXV, LXX) ; perihe-
patitis also was found in sixteen inoculated horses, and concretions in thirteen.
The Pancreas is normal.
The Spleen.—This organ is always enlarged to a greater or less degree, and,
in some instances has been found to assume abnormal proportions, especially in
the case of an animal dying during a paroxysm, when the hæmatozoon has been
swarming in the blood for some days. When, however, the animal succumbs,
and the organism has been absent for some time, it may be found to be little, if
at all, enlarged. The capsule is generally dotted over thickly with irregular-
shaped ecchymoses of a brick-red colour, which are specially noticeable as they
have a bluish white coloured or opalescent background.
The tissues as a rule, on section, are firm to the touch, and present a dark 1 -
red or purplish colour.
This organ was found to be enlarged in seven out of nine naturally acquired
cases, and in all, petechias were present showing through the capsule. Of the
inoculated cases, in nineteen the spleen was enlarged, and in eighteen out of
twenty-eight the petechias were marked.
The Peritoneum.—Symptoms of old circumscribed inflammation are visible
in most cases, as perihepatitis and occasionally perisplenitis, the organ being
firmly attached to the stomach or to the parities, but we have in no single instance
observed any signs of a general peritonitis.
D.—Organs of Circulation and Blood.
1, The cavity of the pericardium generally contains more or less fluid
presenting an amber or orange colour, and in severe cases it is found deeply
tinged with blood. Pericarditis has not been observed.
The Eeart generally presents some abnormal appearance. The base is
frequently the seat of a yellow or orange-coloured deposit of gelatinous exuda-
tion, which takes the place of the usual fat. This exudation in the great majority
of cases is dotted over with small, circular ecchymoses, dark red or nearly purple
in colour, which lie under the visceral pericardium singly or in groups, and some-
times assume the proportions of extravasations ; these are also found, but less
frequently invading the external surface of the muscular tissue of the organ, and
a common situation for them also is on either side of the coronary vessels.
The right side of the heart is in most instances dilated, the left side con-
tracted. The muscular tissue is often pale and flabby, and in a state of fatty
degeneration.
The cavities of the right side of the heart, and much less frequently the
left, are distended with clots, which present a variety of colours ranging from
yellow or orange, to green and dark purple ; these may be found bathed in dark
semifluid blood. These coagula run up the great vessels from the cavities
of the organ, and on gentle traction can be detached, and are found to reproduce