88
TEN-YEAR STANDARD FOR THE NATIVE ARMY OF BENGAL, 1867 TO 1876. [Section II.
In the ratio for cholera and violent deaths, the excess against the European is at least 4 per
1,000; and if this be considered, the ratios for climatic disease will be found to approximate
very nearly, although differing in their details, as above shown.
The following are the general death-ratios per 1,000 of the ten years; their composition
year by year is given in Table II of the Standard for 1867-76:—
Absent and present
deaths, calculated on
the total regimental
strength.
Deaths of men with their
regiments, cholera deaths
excluded, calculated on the
average number present.
1869
20.41
1870
15.14
1872
20.08
1871
14.20
1870
19.43
1873
12.80
1871
17.81
1869
12.40
1873
17.01
1872
11.87
1867
16.77
1875
11.86
1868
16.23
1867
9.89
1875
15.70
1874
9.83
1876
15.52
1868
9.79
1874
13.50
1876
9.44
After making allowance for exceptional years, it is wonderful to find so great a correspond-
ence in the ratio from year to year.
In Upper India, 1868 was a remarkable year, and the country continued to env io a
high degree ofheath until the parallel epidemics of malarious ee of health until the parallel epidemics of laous
fever and cholera of 1869 made their invasion, and in many
districts nearly decimated the population.* On the Frontier
the mortality sank far below the lowest ratio attained in any other year of the period, and the
admission-rate and daily sick-rate were diminished in like proportion. The year 1874, which
was succeeded by the epidemic year 1875, was of a like constitution, and takes the second
place:—
Death ratios of the Punjab Frontier Force.
ABSENT AND
PRESENT DEATHS.
PRESENT DEATHS ONLY.
Excluding cholera. Cholera ratio.
1869
26.72
1875
19.25
.10
1872
23.47
1871
17.73
.10
1875
21.85
1870
15.78
1871
20.90
1872
14.98
6.18
1870
18.85
1873
13.87
1873
18.38
1874
12.28
1867
15.50
1869
11.46 13.90
1876
14.69
1876
10.21
2.84
1874
13.66
1867
8.10
4.27
1868
10.98
1868
7.47
The Goorkha Regiments are cantoned at Dehra, Almora, Dhurmsala, Bakloh, and
Annual death-rates of the Frontier
Force for the ten-year period.
The characteristics of the admission-
rates and death-rates of the Goorkha
Regiments.
Abbottabad. Their death-rates per 1,000 are-for all deaths
present and absent 16.11; for present deaths only 14.11;
for cholera 2.04; and for all causes excluding cholera and
deaths from violence, 11.41.
The chief components are shown below, and the constitution of the death-rate is com-
pared with that of the Native Army in the Gangetic Provinces, which may be considered
in some degree equivalent as regards adaptation to a suitable locality:—
DIED OUT OF EACH 100 DEATHS.
Goorkha Regi-
ments, 1867-1876. Army of the Gangetic
Provinces, 1867-1876.
Phthisis
20.3
10.6
Fevers
19.0
22.7
Respiratory diseases
16.8
18.0
Dysentery and diarrhœa
11.6
16.9
Spleen disease and anæmia
7.5
8.0
Hepatitis
3.6
3.0
Heart disease
1.9
1.6
Apoplexy
1.1
2.8
All other diseases
18.2
16.4
100.0
100.0
Dhurmsala and Abbottabad suffered heavily in epidemic years of the period from fever.
In 1869 and 1870, 2,541 fever admissions occurred out of a strength of 640 men in the 5th
*The characteristics of this year as typical for a non-epidemic year in Northern India, are studied in my original
Cholera Report, page 150.