110
epithelial casts, and a small number of blood corpuscles in the urine. The large doses of
Arsenic and Alkaloids have been persisted in, notwithstanding the intestinal and hepatic
derangements, as it was feared that the high temperature indicated the probable return of
the Surra hæmatozoon. On the 9th there were symptoms of gastro intestinal catarrh, and
taking these complications into consideration, as well as the fact that the hæmatozoa had
been absent from the blood for a period of twenty days, it was decided to discontinue the
Arsenic and Alkaloids entirely, and a laxative and simple febrifuge was substituted. From
the 10th to the 14th all went well, and the animal seemed to improve, the temperature re-
mained
low, and the animal became much brighter and fed well. On the 15th, however, he
was dull and the respiration and pulse had increased in frequency, the visible mucous
membranes becoming of a dirty-yellow colour and petechiated. On the 16th although his
appearance was brighter, the respirations had risen very high, and the heart's action was
irritable; the symptoms of gastro-intestinal catarrh and the kidney disorder had entirely
disappeared. On the 17th the animal appeared in much the same condition, but the respira-
tions were less although the temperature was a little higher. On this date one "Surra"
hæmatozoon was discovered in two cover-glass specimens of blood, and this was the first
organism observed during a period of twenty-eight days. The previous treatment of Arsenic
and Cinchona Alkaloids was at once resumed. On the 18th the animal had not altered much
in appearance, the respirations were greatly improved in character and the pulse in frequency,
but the temperature had risen. The blood contained a few hæmatozoa, but not so active in
their movements as the one noticed the day before. On the 19th the condition was worse,
the hæmatozoa very numerous in the blood and the temperature much elevated, viz., 41°C.
On the 20th the appetite was normal, but otherwise the animal did not manifest any im-
provement ; only two hæmatozoa were observed in two cover-glass specimens of the blood,
and these were exceedingly torpid. On the 21st the hæmatozoa were entirely absent, and
from this date the animal appeared to be unable to throw off the effect which the return of
the hæmatozoon had given rise to, and he gradually became weaker, and died on the 29th
of July, although the hæmatozoa were absent during the last nine days.
Acidum Carbolicum.—This precipitates albumen, and destroys low orga-
nisms. In animals it also affects the cerebrum, as shown by alterations in sensi-
bility and motor power ; it stimulates the sweat centre and salivary centres,
producing perspiration and salivation.
One ounce of Carbolic Acid has
only a slight and transient effect upon horses. Both poisonous and medi-
cinal doses are excreted by the lungs and skin, but chiefly by the kidneys,
and is converted in part into Indican and Oxalic Acid. One part of Carbolic Acid
to six hundred and sixty-nine (1: 669) parts of water sufficed to prevent the
development of bacteria taken from meat infusion, whilst one part to twenty-two
(1:22) was found necessary to prevent the reproduction of spores. And Koch
found that a dilution of Carbolic Acid 1 in 1250, and 1 in 850 sufficed to prevent
the growth of anthrax bacilli, while a strength of 1 in 500 was required to
prevent the growth of others.
In this experiment Carbolic Acid and Iodine were mixed ; seventy-six
drachms of the former, and thirty-four and a half drachms of the latter were ad-
ministered in a period of 6 days.
Case No, LXX.—It was decided in this case to endeavour to destroy the organism, by
Carbolic Acid and Iodine. the exhibition of large and frequently repeated doses of an
antiseptic, pushing it if necessary to such a degree as to
cause toxic symptoms in the animal, but stopping short of causing actual poisoning. Carbolic
Acid and Iodine mixed in a suitable vehicle were the agents selected, as it is said that in
some cases of specific disease, their use has been attended with marked success.
The method to be adopted in the administration of the drug was one calculated to
insure its absorption in comparatively small, but gradually increasing quantity. With
this end in view, on September 25th two drachms of Carbolic Acid and half a drachm
of Iodine were administered as a first dose, and followed at intervals of an hour by one
drachm of Carbolic Acid and half a drachm of Iodine. The animal up to the morning of the
26th had received Carbolic Acid fifteen drachms and seven of Iodine. This amount of the
drugs produced no untoward symptoms, beyond an increase in the number of respirations.
On microscopical examination of the blood, very numerous hæmatozoa were found. During
the rest of the day the animal received four drachms of Carbolic Acid, and two drachms of
Iodine. On the morning of the 27th it appeared better, but the respirations still remained
high. No hæmatozoa were discovered in the blood on microscopical examination, but we
were unable to decide whether this absence was the result of the treatment, or whether it
was one of the natural phases of the disease. It was, therefore, resolved to continue the
medicine, and the horse received during the day Carbolic Acid drachms vi, and Iodine
drachms iij. On the morning of the 28th, the animal looked bright and well, the number of
respirations had decreased considerably, but a microscopical examination of the blood re-
vealed the presence of a few hæmatozoa. The amount of Carbolic Acid and Iodine was
therefore increased, twelve of the former and six and a half drachms of the latter being