lxii
tions do not appear to involve the muscular structures to any extent. There are also numer-
ous ecchymoses dotted over the lower half of the cavity. The abdominal cavity is free
from fluid.
Liver weighs 11 lbs. 14 ounces, is normal in size and presents old signs of perihepatitis
together with a few calcareous bodies which are seen invading the structures of the organ.
Spleen weighs 1 lb. 18 ounces, is normal in size. There are no sub-capsular petechias
visible. The tissues on section are firm and present a healthy appearance. Kidneys ; right
1 lb. 12 ounces; left 2 lbs. 1½ ounces; are considerably enlarged. The capsules strip
easily and disclose the presence of numerous injected stellate veins, but there are no petechias
visible. On section the cortical portion of the organs is pale and the medullary of a some-
what purple colour, but no pathological change discernible to the naked eye can be detected.
Stomach is large and semi-distended. On section it is found to contain semi-digested food,
and emits a very foul odour. The cuticular portion presents a normal appearance; the
mucous membrane of the villous portion is healthy, but there are two large tumors involv-
ing its substance, which are raised considerably above the surrounding mucous membrane,
each presenting one or more holes on its summit and sides, which lead into the internal
cavities of the masses. One tumor measuring 3" x 2" x 1.75" is situated two inches on the
pyloric side of the line of demarcation, occupying almost a median position in the fundus of
the right sac. The other measures 3.3"× 2.5" × 1.5" and is situated just above the inferior
one, almost midway between the œsophageal opening and the pylorus, on the lesser curva-
ture, and so protruding from the roof of the organ. (Spiroptera Megastoma). The small
Intestines present a perfectly healthy appearance.
The large Intestines.—There is one patch about three inches square in the caecum where
the vessels are congested and present an aborescent appearance, but there is no ulceration.
Rectum.—About two inches from the anal orifice there is an ulcer, oval in shape, with
thickened edges, in process of repair, ¾ inches in length by ¼ inch in width, situated upon
a raised base ; the surface of the ulcer is occupied by a long narrow slough of coagulated
pus, and the edges, &c., are free from any inflammatory condition and from any congestion
of the vessels. No parasites of any kind. The bladder.— On section the cavity of the
bladder contains several pints of urine, orange in colour, which has the consistency of
semi-solid cold starch, with a Sp. GR. of 1,028, acid in re-action. The mucous membrane
lining the organ, presents a few small, round extravasations of blood, dark in colour.
The nasal fossæ.— The Schneiderian membrane is somewhat congested and presents a
pinkish colour and the vessels of the membrane covering the middle septum of the nose
are also congested.
Remarks.—This animal, a Grey Arab Gelding, aged 14 years, belonged to the Bombay
Tramway Company, was recognised as ailing on the 14th October 1892, and was removed
into the Infirmary. This was the first horse to be seized with " Surra" in the Parel stables
during the year, after a residence in Bombay of about four years. Between the latter date
and October 26th the maximum temperature recorded was 40.8°C. It then commenced to
decline until the morning of November 2nd when it attained a minimum of 37.2°C and
continued at that degree until the morning of 6th November. On the 7th November the
temperature had again risen and was 39.4°C ; at the same time on microscopical examination
of the blood, the Surra hæmatozoon was discovered. For the next 48 hours the tempera-
ture gradually declined, and on the arrival of the animal at the Laboratory Hospital regis-
tered 38.1°C. P. 40. R. 28. On admission the condition of the animal was good. It
presented a bright and lively appearance, but on examination the visible mucous mem-
oranes were found to be tinged a yellow colour, although the conjunctivas were free from
petechias. The skin felt cool, the extremities were fine and there was an absence of œdema
from the sheath and under-surface of the abdomen. The blood, on microscopical examina-
tion, presented normal rouleaux, although a few hæmatozoa were observed, but the white
corpuscles were not increased in number. The urine, however, contained a trace of albumen.
On the 10th, there was little or no change except that the respirations fell to 17 per minute
and the urine was free from albumen. Consequently it was decided to try the effect of
Santonin on the hæmatozoa, and for this purpose grains xxx were administered in the
evening mixed with the corn, &c. By the following morning, the animal had a slight
cough and the temperature had again become considerably elevated 40.3°C, P. 64, R. 24,
and by the evening registered 41°C. The organisms were very numerous in the blood ; a
similar dose of Santonin was repeated. By the 12th the fever had somewhat abated and
the organisms had decreased in number in the blood. Oleum Lini ()j was administered in
order to produce a laxative effect and so get rid of Santonin, which had given an intense
orange colour to the' mucous membranes, and the urine was found to contain 1/18th of
albumen. The temperature rose again the same evening to 40.3°C, P. 60, R. 28, but
during the night fell 2.8°C., and in the morning the animal although bright in appearance
had visibly lost in condition. There was slight diarrhœa and the hæmatozoa were still
numerous in the blood. By the evening of the 14th the temperature had again risen to
40.8°C, P. 76, R. 28, and as the diarrhœa still persisted, Tincture Opii 3iss was administered.
On the 15th, although there was a fall (of a degree) in the temperature, pulse and respira-
tions, the hæmatozoa were very numerous again; consequently Quinæ Sulph. 3iij was
given in order to reduce the temperature temporarily so that a treatment consisting of the