CONTENTS.
ix
SECTION III.
STATISTICS OF THE PRISONERS OF BENGAL FOR EIGHTEEN YEARS, FROM 1859 TO 1876 :
AND EPIDEMIC FEVERS AS AFFECTING THE JAIL POPULATION.
CHAPTER I.
THE GENERAL STATTSTICS OF THE JAIL POPULATION OF THE BENGAL PRESIDENCY.
PAGE
In this report the statistics of the various Provinces are arranged according to the Administrations . . .
153
The jail statistics a record of sanitary progress . . .
153
Contagious fevers, a cause of excessive fluctuation in the jail mortality . . .
153
Taken province by province, the improvement in the health of the prisoners is consistently observed . . .
154
Both in epidemic diseases and in the diseases of debility, which characterise the death-ratio of prisoners,
progress is evident and satisfactory . . .
154
Deaths of Provinces, 1859-76. Comparative statement in two nine-year periods, in summary and in
detail . . .
156
Ten-year standard of 1867-76. Its general arrangement . . .
160
Distribution of jail mortality by months. Special diseases as related to monthly mortality . . .
160
Diseases of debility. Proportion of deaths from this class of disease under the different administra
-
tions. The death-rate from all causes compared . . .
160
The mortality from bowel complaints as exhibited in relation to season illustrated by a typical example,
and by the general provincial ratios . . .
161
The parallel manifestation by mouths of dysentery, respiratory diseases and fevers . . .
162
Illustrated from the deaths of the jails of the Punjab . . .
162
Contrasts in the composition of the death-ratio of the European Soldier and the Native Prisoner in
Bengal. Hepatitis, Enteric Fever, Heat Apoplexy . . .
162
The contagious fevers of jails treated of in the third chapter of this section . . .
162
Fluctuation of mortality in the great jails of Upper India. The significance and importance as an
index of the concluding table . . .
163
CHAPTER II.
THE DIFFERENT ASPECTS IN WHICH DESTRUCTIVE DISEASE IN JAILS SHOWS ITSELF.
No record of contagious fevers in the jails of Bengal Proper. This is evident from the fever statistics
of the Administration . . .
166
Epidemic contagious diseases have contributed little to the general death-ratio of this Province . . .
167
Illustration of what has been effected towards improving the health of prisoners in Lower Bengal
—
Monghyr Jail as typical . . .
167
Bad jails of Northern and Eastern Bengal, which consistently show a high death-ratio—Rungpore,
Backergunge, and Dinagepore . . .
167
Forms which disease has assumed in these jails . . .
167
How prisoners die in the Gangetic Provinces. Benares Jail as typical . . .
168
Destructive disease which appeared in the Benares Jail, and in some jails adjoining, in 1855. Its nature
and natural alliances . . .
169
While this contagious cachexy was not a typhus, the same train of symptoms may be manifested in
connection with a contagious fever allied to typhus. Contagious fever of 1855, on the North
-
Western Frontier . . .
170
Jail at Lucknow, showing two aspects—as one of the most unhealthy, and subsequently as one of the
most healthy jails of India. Contagious fevers of 1860 and 1866 . . .
170
Allahabad Central Jail illustrates the entire absence of cholera of late years, and a long series of healthy
seasons interrupted by outbreaks of contagious fever, contagious dysentery and contagious
sloughing ulcers . . .
171
Meerut Jail—showing the effects of contagious fever and famine, and of dysentery produced by endemic
causes affecting the prisoners . . .
172
Epidemics of malarious fevers as affecting the health of the jails of a Province. Lahore Jail in 1856 . . .
173
Epidemics of Northern India affecting the jail population, special in their characteristics . . .
173
The geographical area chiefly affected by fevers of the typhus class . . .
173
The alliance of certain respiratory diseases with erysipelas and diphtheria. Jails of the Punjab, 1870-72
174
Association of typhus with erysipelas and diphtheria. Rawalpindi Jail . . .
1 7 4
The same association of epidemic disease among the free population of the Province . . .
175
The Lahore Central Jail, affected by these epidemics, illustrates the medical history of other large jails
of Northern India . . .
1 7 6
Medical history of the Rawalpindi Jail, illustrating the various phases which contagious disease
assumes in Northern India . . .
176
The typhus of Northern India is not necessarily a relapsing fever ; nor is scurvy among the general
population essential for its development . . .
1 7 8
CHAPTER, III.
EPIDEMIC FEVERS IN RELATION TO JAIL MORTALITY.
Historical record of Epidemic Typhus and Relapsing Fevers in India, and their association with
Malarious Fevers and Famine.
Epidemic fever—malarious, relapsing and typhus. How manifested in relation to areas and com
-
munities . . .
179
Association of different epidemic fevers, and possible connection one with the other . . .
179
Parallel course of epidemic malarious fevers and cholera . . .
179
All non-contagious fevers appearing at the season when epidemic malaria prevails are not malarious
fevers . . .
179
Primarily malarious epidemic fever is not contagious, and mistakes may arise by assuming the
contrary . . .
180