NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
20
1928. In all, 1,968 animals were inoculated against the
disease by the serum alone method.
34. There were, during the year, some sporadic cases of
Anthrax in the Corporation Cattle Depot at Choolai and in the
dairy farm of the Buckingham and Carnatic Mills, and 26
animals of the former were inoculated against the disease.
VI.—RESEARCH.
35. The following items of research conducted by the
Professor of Pathology were in progress during the year.
36. Bovine lymphangitis.—During the course of the year
further studies on bovine lymphangitis were made with special
reference to its vaccine therapy. Vaccine was supplied to the
staff of the department on requisition for the treatment of
G2 cases which were not amenable to ordinary treatment.
Reports on the results of the treatment of 44 cases with the
vaccine have been received so far and these reports show that
a decided improvement was effected in 37 cases, that in 4 cases
it was found ineffective and that 3 cases did not attend the
hospital after the first injection. The vaccine supplied to
these three cases was returned unused.
37. Tuberculosis.—A study of the effects of inoculation
into experimental animals of tubercular material collected
from the cattle of the Madras Corporation showing widespread
tubercular lesions, was in progress during the year.
38. Anthrax.—In the course of the examination of
samples of industrial materials such as dry-salted goat skins
and rough-tanned goat skins for issue of certificates of freedom
from Anthrax, it was found that 14 out of 50 samples examined
during last year were infected with Anthrax, and as ten of
these were received from one firm the desirability of examin-
ing the tannery whence such samples were obtained was
thought advisable. Materials were therefore collected from
the tanneries concerned in March 1927 and again in May 1927
and on both these occasions tests made with the materials col-
lected showed that they were infected. This finding has raised a
very important issue as to the source of infection of industrial
materials. The probability is that the contamination usually
occurs in the tanneries which may harbour the spores from
previously infected skins and thus prove a constant source of
infection to other materials received in the tanneries.
39. Johne's disease.—In view of the favourable results
reported elsewhere on the treatment of Johne's disease with
formalin injections the treatment was tried on a cow definitely
21
known to be suffering from the disease. The animal gradually
improved in condition with the treatment and the clinical
symptoms showed a decided abatement, but examination of
her rectal washings made from time to time continued to show
Johne's bacilli. The animal was eventually destroyed and
post-mortem examination showed definite lesions of the disease.
40. Outbreak of poultry disease in Tanjore.—An out-
break of disease among poultry and crows in the district of
Tanjore in this Presidency was investigated in collaboration
with Mr. Wilson, Officer in charge, IV Circle. The symptoms
observed in the sick fowls were diarrhoea, reluctant appetite,
drowsiness, paralysis of the legs and death in 24 hours in acute
cases; whilst crows were said to fall out of trees either dead
or dying. Crows and fowls—some suffering from the disease
and others dead—were received at the laboratory for examina-
tion. Transmission experiments were conducted and the
results obtained showed that the epidemic was one of
spirochetosis complicated with the infection of hæmoproteus
which was found in some of the smears received from the
affected fowls.
41. Infection due to streptothrix.—In addition to a variety
of streptothrix which has been found to be present in the
lesions in the nasal mucous membrane in the disease known
as nasal granuloma of cattle, the infection was noticed in
other situations in two cases—a bullock and a buffalo. In the
bullock it was reported that the lesion was in the jaw and the
growth was of three months' duration at the time of its
removal. In sections cut from the growth, filaments in-
distinguishable from actinomycosis bovis were detected and
the histological changes were identical with those usually found
in actinomycosis. Attempts were made to obtain further
materials from this case but none were available.
42. In the buffalo it was reported that growths of a size
of a lime fruit with a raised base were present in the left
shoulder blade. In sections cut from this a streptothrix, acid
and alcohol fast was detected. Further materials from this
case were not available for further study.
43. Rhinosporidiosis in cattle.—Rhinosporidium was re-
corded in cattle in four cases in growths removed from the nasal
cavity. This finding has raised a very important issue as to
whether the parasite found in cattle is identical with that found
in man or is a closely allied species. It would also appear that
the cause of Nasal Granuloma in cattle is not of one etiological
entity but of two, namely, an organism akin to actinomycosis
bovis which is present in most cases and a rhinosporidium.
22
44. Contagious abortion in cattle.—Cases of contagious
abortion were reported in two of the agricultural farms in
this Presidency. The sera from such cows were tested with
B. abortus bang on several occasions with negative results.
With a view to confirm the results obtained at this laboratory
the sera were sent to the Director, Imperial Institute of
Veterinary Research, Muktesar, who also reported negative
results. The possibility of causes other than B. abortus bang
has been considered and investigations are being conducted.
40. M.R.Ry. M. R. V. Panikkar, the Acting Professor of
Surgery, who is in charge of the Parasitological section of the
laboratory, undertook during the year studies on the efficacy
of carbon tetrachloride and other drugs in the treatment of
hookworms in dogs and schemes were also devised with a
view to studying the different strains of trypanosomes occur-
ring in horses and cattle of this Presidency. He has also
undertaken studies to ascertain the different species of
anchylostomes occurring in dogs.
46. Dining the year a paper on "Bovine Lymphangitis"
by M.R.Ry. V. Krishnamurthi Ayyar Avargal was published
as one of the Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture in
India.
47. The Professor of Pathology attended the Seventh Con-
gress of the Far Eastern Association of Tropical Medicine held
at Calcutta and exhibited to the members of the Congress
specimens of pathological and parasitological interest specially
dealing with those conditions common to man and animals.
The following papers were also read by him during the
Congress:—
(a) Rhinosporiodiosis in cattle.
(b) A preliminary note on the incidence of Anthrax
infection in industrial materials such as hides, skins, etc., with
special reference to the possibility of the source of such
infection.
VII.—MISCELLANEOUS WORK.
48. During the year Government sanctioned the pre-
paration of charts and lantern slides for propaganda work and
the work is in progress.
VIII.—FINANCE.
40. The receipts and fees from the hospital and the
college respectively amounted to Rs. 15,567-8-9.
23
The total expenditure of the college and the hospital is
given below:—
Pay
...
...
...
... ...
Scholarships
...
...
... ...
Travelling allowance ...
... ...
Contingencies
...
...
...
...
Total ...
RS.
65,719
6,428
2,148
22,759
97,056
A.
12
7
13
12
12
P.
0
0
0
11
11
IX.—GENERAL.
50. The college participated in the Health and Baby
Exhibition held in January 1928 at the South Indian Athletic
Association grounds, Madras, and was awarded by the com-
mittee a medal for first place among institutions for exhibits
of the greatest popular scientific interest. The booth consisted
of charts, specimens, lantern slides, etc., depicting important
cattle diseases met with in this Presidency and diseases com-
municable from animals to man.
61. A Rinderpest camp was opened at the college at the.
close of the year with the idea of supplying virus to the staff
of the department for conducting serum simultaneous inocu-
lations.
P. T. SAUNDERS,
Acting Principal, Madras Veterinary College.
30th May 1028.
24
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT OF THE I CIRCLE,
CIVIL VETERINARY DEPARTMENT, VIZAGAPATAM,
FOR THE YEAR 1927-28.
I.—ADMINISTRATION.
1. East Godavari, Vizagapatam and Ganjam districts in-
cluding the Agency tracts attached to them form the jurisdic-
tion of the I Circle.
2. Mr. C. Suryanarayanamurthi held charge of the circle
from 1st April to 8th May 1927 and again from 7th July
to 8th August 1927. Mr. M. R. V. Panikkar was in charge
of the circle from 9th May to 6th July 1927 when he was
transferred to the Veterinary College, Madras.
For the remaining portion of the year, i.e., from 9th
August 1927 to the end of the official year, I was in charge of
the office.
3. Mr. C. Suryanarayanamurthi was on tour for 28 days,
attended some outbreaks of Rinderpest, inspected the Veteri-
nary institutions at Amalapuram, Draksharam, Pithapuram
and Vizianagaram in detail and the institution at Cocanada
casually. He also inspected the offices of the Touring Veteri-
nary Assistant Surgeons of Cocanada, Amalapuram, Pedda-
puram and Vizianagaram in detail. While at headquarters he
visited the Veterinary hospital, Vizagapatam, frequently to
render help and give advice in the treatment of animals.
4. Mr. M. R. V. Panikkar was on tour for 17 days, in-
spected the Veterinary institutions at Rajahmundry and Pola-
varam in detail and casually the institutions at Cocanada and
Amalapuram. The offices of the Touring Veterinary Assistant
Surgeons at Rajahmundry and Polavaram were also inspected
by him in detail and also buildings at Kothapeta and Kotha-
valasa for locating the Veterinary dispensaries. While at
headquarters Mr. Panikkar has attended the Veterinary
hospital, Vizagapatam, very frequently.
5. I have toured for 140 days and inspected in detail the
Veterinary institutions at Vizagapatam, Parvatipur, Chicacole,
Parlakimedi, Cocanada, Bhadrachalam, Kothapeta and Anaka-
palle, and the offices of the Touring Veterinary Assistant
25
Surgeons at Bhadrachalam, Vizagapatam, Parvatipur, Pala-
konda, Tekkali, Narasapatam and Koraput. Non-detail
inspection of the Veterinary institutions at Polavaram, Rajah-
mundry, Amalapuram and Bobbili and the office of the Touring
Veterinary Assistant Surgeon, Amalapuram, has been done
by me.
The Veterinary institutions at Russellkonda and Berham-
pur and the offices of the Touring Veterinary Assistant
Surgeons at Russellkonda, Aska and Berhampur were not
inspected during the year for want of time, as I was engaged
in serum simultaneous inoculation against Rinderpest practi-
cally from the middle of November to the end of the official
year under report.
6. The Government livestock at Koraput, Parvatipur,
Narasapatam, Samalkot, Anakapalle, Polavaram and Bhadra-
chalam have been inspected during the year.
I also visited Razole to find out whether it was a suitable
place for opening a Veterinary dispensary.
7. During the year, 1,994 animals were inoculated by
serum simultaneous method against Rinderpest in this circle.
Of these, 140 belonged to the Raja Sahib of Parlakimedi, 19
to the Government Agricultural Farm at Anakapalle and the
rest, namely, 1,835, belonged to the ryots in East Godavari
district.
The virus was obtained from Muktesar for inoculating the
animals at Parlakimedi and Anakapalle and the local virus was
used for inoculating the remaining animals in East Godavari
district.
8. I have also attended the Veterinary hospital at Vizaga-
patam very often and attended some outbreak reports of
Rinderpest in East Godavari district along with the Touring
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons concerned.
II.—EXECUTIVE STAFF.
9. On the 31st March 1928 there were in all 38 Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons attached to this circle, 17 in charge of the
Veterinary institutions including the men in charge of three
private institutions, 16 in charge of touring offices, 3 leave
reserve and 2 probationers. In addition, there is an extra
Veterinary Assistant Surgeon whose services have been lent
to the Raja of Kallikota. There was no casualty among the
staff in this circle during the year.
4
26
(a) Hospitals and Dispensaries.
10. Two new Veterinary institutions—one at Bobbili and
another at Kothapeta—were opened and the total number of
Veterinary institutions including the three private ones was 17
at the end of the year.
11. The total number of cases treated and the total number
of castrations performed in the institutions of this circle were
21,106 and 1,736 as against 19,543 and 1,507 respectively of
the previous year. In addition, 3,726 cases not brought to
the hospital were supplied with medicines.
12. There was an increase both in the number of admis-
sions and castrations performed in Parlakimedi, Anakapalle,
Vizagapatam, Draksharam and Rajahmundry, an increase in
the number of admissions only in Polavaram, Amalapuram,
Cocanada and Pithapuram, and an increase only in the number
of castrations done in Bhadrachalam, Russellkonda, Berham-
pur and Parvatipur. There was a fall in the number of
admissions in Berhampur, Bhadrachalam, Parvatipur and
Vizianagaram and a fall in the number of castrations done in
Polavaram, Amalapuram, Cocanada and Pithapuram insti-
tutions.
The decrease in the number of admissions in Vizia-
nagaram and Parvatipur was very perceptible when compared
with the figures of the previous year. The apparent increase
in the Vizianagaram institution last year is said to be due to
the inclusion of cases not brought to the institution which
have been shown separately this year.
The fall in the number of admissions in the Parvatipur
dispensary is said to be due to the failure in sending cases from
Pinjrapole which is now practically extinct. The admissions
in Russellkonda dispensary remained the same as that of the
last year, but there was a very slight fall in Bhadrachalam and
Berhampur institutions which does not call for any remarks.
The work in the Veterinary institutions at Chicacole, Kotha-
peta and Bobbili could not be compared as the latter two were
newly opened during the year and the former was opened on
15th November 1026.
13. During the year the Veterinary dispensary at Chica-
cole was moved to a Government building.
27
The dispensary newly opened at Kothapeta has been
located in a Government building and the new hospital in
Bobbili is located in the buildings presented by the Raja Sahib
of Bobbili. The Raja Sahib contributes Rs. 660 annually
towards the maintenance of the hospital.
14. The Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in charge of the
Veterinary hospital, Cocanada, has attended to the animals of
the Government Agricultural Farm, Samalkot, whenever there
was a call from the farm and the Veterinary Assistant Surgeon
in charge, Veterinary dispensary, Anakapalle, has attended the
Government elephants stationed at Narasapatam once.
15. The Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in charge of the
Veterinary institutions at Russellkonda, Chicacole, Bobbili,
Anakapalle and Kothapeta were exempted from touring work.
16. The second Veterinary Assistant Surgeons attached to
the institutions at Berhampur, Vizagapatam, Cocanada, Rajah-
mundry and Amalapuram were asked to work as Touring
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons as before.
(b) Itinerating.
17. On the 31st March 1928 there were 16 Touring Veteri-
nary Assistant Surgeons attached to this circle. The head-
quarters of the Touring Veterinary Assistant Surgeon, Jami,
was transferred to Vizianagaram so that he may attend the
hospital when at headquarters.
18. A comparative statement of work done by the touring
staff during 1926-27 and 1927-28 is given below :—
Year.
1926-27.
1927-28.
Inoculations
by serum alone
method.
8,903
28,186
Contagious
cases treated.
4,973
12,728
Non-contagious
cases treated.
6,826
6,689
Castrations.
1,211
1,261
From the above it may be seen that there was an increase
under all heads except under cases treated for non-contagious
diseases. The small decrease was due to the fact that there
were a number of outbreak reports to attend to and also to the
fact that some of the Assistants were engaged in serum simul-
taneous inoculation camps.
19. Veterinary Assistant Surgeons M. Lakshmanaraju,
Kripasindhu Patnaick, B. Lakshmanaswami, G. Seetharama-
murthi, M. P. Kanniah Nayudu, S. Seshadri Ayyangar,
K. S. Venkataraman, P. V. Narasimham, K. S. Prakasa Rao
and I. M. Mahaboob Ali helped me in conducting serum
simultaneous inoculations in different camps.
Plate
No. 6
A CAMP FOR SIMULTANEOUS INOCULATIONS AGAINST RINDERPEST AT PARLAKIAIEDI IN
GANJAM DISTRICT.
28
III.—CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
20. Rinderpest.—During the year 235 outbreaks were
reported as against 132 of the previous year, of which 204
were attended to, 24 were lodged for want of time or progress
reports and the remaining 7 were pending. The disease was
severe in East Godavari and Ganjam districts and mild
elsewhere.
The disease that prevailed last year continued to spread
in Ganjam and East Godavari districts and the movement of
cattle from fair to fair (weekly) seems to be responsible for
the outbreak of the disease in Vizagapatam district.
21. As there was some opposition even for the serum alone
method of inoculation, the provisions of the Cattle Disease Act
were first enforced in Chicacole taluk for a period of three
months from the latter part of October 1927 and then over the
whole of Ganjam district from the middle of November 1927
for a period of six months. No prosecutions were conducted
during the year under the Act.
22. In this circle 27,432 animals were inoculated against
Rinderpest by serum alone method and 1,994 animals by serum
simultaneous method.
The serum simultaneous method of inoculation is getting
popular in East Godavari district and the ryots who have seen
the operation prefer this method to ordinary inoculations.
23. Anthrax.—Ninety-one out-breaks were reported.
Seventy-three reports were attended to and the remaining
eighteen were lodged either for want of time or the progress
reports.
In many instances the disease subsided with only a few
deaths. No inoculations were conducted against this disease.
24. Hæmorrhagic septicæmia.—One hundred and three
out-breaks were reported under this head. Ninety-one of them
were attended to and the rest lodged, there being no progress
reports.
Three hundred and ninety-two animals were protected
against it.
25. Black quarter.—One hundred and twenty-three reports
were received, of which 83 reports were attended to and the
rest were lodged for want of progress reports. Only 362
inoculations were conducted against this disease.
29
26. Foot-and-mouth disease.—The total number of reports
received was 434. Only 343 reports were attended to and
the rest were lodged after sending written instructions as to
the method of treatment to be followed.
27. Other contagious diseases.—Under this heading 30
reports were received, of which 19 were attended to, 3 were
pending and the rest were lodged for want of progress reports.
28. Rabies.—Twenty-one brains—17 of dogs and 4 of
others were confirmed microscopically for rabies. Besides the
above, there were 6 other animals which were suspected for
rabies but no confirmation was sought. Six dogs were given
anti-rabic treatment—five in Vizagapatam and one in Rajah-
mundry hospital.
29. Strangles.—Pus smears from 4 ponies were submitted
for examination and all proved to be positive for strangles.
30. Trypanosomiasis (surra).—Smears from 8 horses were
submitted, of which 6 proved positive for the disease. Two
animals were destroyed under the Act and the remaining 4
animals died before any action could be taken. Besides the
above blood smears from two bovines and one canine were
submitted but it proved positive only in the case of the latter.
31. Piroplasmosis.—Thirteen smears—6 from bovines and
7 from canines were submitted, of which only 3 bovines and
2 canines gave positive results.
32. Kumri.—Five cases were diagnosed as such during the
year.
33. Diseases of fowls.—Four smears for fowl cholera and
10 smears for spirochætosis were examined. It was only in
one case the latter was observed and the rest proved negative.
34. Nasal granuloma.—Some cases of nasal granuloma
were treated with tartar emetic with success.
35. Specimens.—The staff in this circle submitted 120
specimens to the Principal, Madras Veterinary College, for
examination.
IV.—MISCELLANEOUS WORK.
36. Criminal poisoning.—The staff conducted post-mortem
examination on seven cases suspected for criminal poisoning.
Poison was found in one case and the accused concerned in it
was acquitted for want of evidence. No poison was found in
five cases, four of which were thrown out by the Magistrate
and the remaining one was still pending. In one case, the
result from the Chemical Examiner had not yet been
communicated.
30
37. Malicious injury.—Fifteen wound certificates and four
post-mortem certificates were granted by the staff. The result
was that three cases were convicted, nine cases were thrown
out for want of evidence, three were compromised, one was
not filed, and in two cases, the results were not known at the
close of the year.
38. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.—
Seven cases were convicted of which only four cases were
remanded to the Veterinary institutions.
39. Meat inspection.—The Municipalities of Vizagapatam
and Anakapalli and the Union of Parvatipur have continued
to avail the services of the local Veterinary Assistant Surgeons
for meat inspection.
40. Fairs and shows.—There were no annual cattle or
horse fairs held during the year but some of the weekly cattle
fairs held, were attended by the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons
concerned.
41. Inspection of Government livestock.—The Govern-
ment live-stock stationed in different places were inspected
by the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons concerned.
V.—GENERAL REMARKS.
42. The touring staff had to report against 29 village
officers for slackness in reporting outbreaks of contagious
diseases and for irregular maintenance of the cattle mortality
registers.
43. The Veterinary Assistant Surgeon in charge of the
Veterinary hospital, Cocanada, continued to issue certificates
in connection with the export of castor seeds to American
ports and inspected the lethal chamber maintained by the
Cocanada municipality periodically.
44. Out of the total number of castrations done by the
staff, 899 were done by the Burdizzo instrument.
45. Office.—This office Accountant K. Avatharachari has
taken long leave with a view to better his prospects elsewhere.
In his place, H. Suryanarayana who is a permanent clerk in
the II Circle office has been posted to act. The permanent
typist-clerk of this office got himself transferred to the medical
college office since the appointment there was a lucrative one.
The work of the Head Clerk continued to be satisfactory.
H. C. SAMPATHIENGAR,
Officer in charge, I Circle,
Civil Veterinary Department, Vizagapatam.