118
following morning, the 8th, the temperature had fallen over two degrees Centigrade, the
organisms were leas numerous in the blood, but the pulse and respirations were only slightly
reduced in frequency, and the amount of albumen remained stationary in the urine. The
same evening the temperature again became elevated 40.5°C., P. 72, R. 33. Two doses of
the medicine were administered. On the morning of the 9th the thermometer registered
39.6°C. in the rectum, P. 60, and the respirations had become reduced to 16 in the minute.
The bæmatozoa had also become greatly reduced in numbers, and were now few in the
blood, but again the albumen was present in the urine in such quantity, that on boiling, &c.
the fluid became almost solid. By midday the temperature had again risen, and registered
40.6°C., and by 5 P.M. was 41.3°C.,P. 72, R. 20. In the morning the dose had been increased
to Arsenic grains v. and in the evening was again increased by one grain. Early on the morning
of the 10 th, the temperature was found to have fallen to 37°C, 4.3°C., (7.7°F.) during the
night. The pulse now registered 44, and the respirations 12, and the hæmatozoon was found
to be absent from the blood. At the same time the albumen in the urine was found to have
been reduced to ¼. It will thus be seen that from the first exhibition of the drug to the
animal, until the disappearance of the hæmatozoon from the general circulation, five doses of
the drug had been given, with a total of twenty-three grains. But it must not be forgotten
that in the natural course of events, the paroxysm would, in all probability, have lasted only
five or six days if untreated; therefore all that we may claim to have accomplished is, to have
shortened the period during which the organism was present in the blood.: But from this
date until the 22nd December, when death took place, a period of thirteen days, the hæmato-
zoon remained absent from the blood. In an untreated case, after an intermission lasting
from one to three days, a second paroxysm usually occurs, and on reference to the records of
temperature, it will be seen, that on the day a return of the organism to the blood would
most likely occur, the morning record was 38.2°C. ; but by the evening it had attained a
maximum of 40.3°C., P. 64, R. 16. On the following morning it had again fallen two degrees
C, but no sign of the hæmatozoon was found on microscopical examination of the blood, on
this or on any subsequent occasion.
To what extent the treatment operated in prolonging the life of the animal, it is impos-
sible to say ; but it would appear probable that (i) by bringing, down the temperature for
some days to within normal limits, (ii) by removing the irritation from the general circulation
and so from the nervous system, and lastly (iii) by reducing considerably the amount of
albumen excreted to 1/9th, on the 17th December, a beneficial effect was produced,and by this
means the fatal termination was delayed for a short period.
Arsenic.
Case No.—LXXX.—On admission this animal presented unmistakable symptoms of some-
what advanced Surra, as evidenced by the presence of œdema between the fore limbs, extensive-
conjunctival petechiæ, and a yellow tinge of the visible mucous-
membranes. There was also a slight eruption of Urticaria invad-
ing the neck, belly, and hind limbs. It was again decided in this case to try the effect of Arse-
nic upon the hæmatozoon, commencing the treatment with the full physiological dose (grs.iv),
and gradually to increase the amount of the drug as long as there was tolerance of it. Conse-
quently on the evening of the day of admission—December 11th, 1892—the animal's tempera-
ture at that time registering 40.4°C., P. 76, R. 28, with very numerous hæmatozoa present,
the first dose was given in half a bucket-full of water. On the morning, of the I2th the
temperature had fallen to 39.2°C, P. 48, Rs. 16, and the hæmatozoa were found to be few
in the blood ; the animal however presented a somewhat dull appearance, but all signs
of the eruption had disappeared. By the following morning the patient appeared
brighter, the temperature had again fallen, and was 38.2°C, P. 40, Rs. 16,.. and by the
same evening the former had become still further reduced, and registered 37.7°C.,
the hæmatozoon at the same time being absent from the general circulation. Up to this
time only three doses, or twelve grains of Arsenic had been exhibited. On the 14th, the
dose of the drug was increased to gr. v, and no further symptoms were observed until the
morning, of the 16th,. when although the animal had improved in appearance, fresh and ex-
tensive conjunctival petechiæ, bright red in colour, were noticed, the pulse was markedly
dicrotonus, and the œdema had increased a little in amount. On the 19th, the dose of
Arsenic was increased to gr. vi, and was persisted in until the morning of the 22nd, when
it was again reduced to gr. v, as the animal had improved in condition, and the œdema of
the belly and legs had decreased in amount. By the following morning all signs of the con-
junctival petechias had faded, and only a trace of the œdema was left. Fresh petechiæ how-
ever appeared on the conjunctivæ' on the 27th instant, but the treatment was persisted in,
and the same dose of Arsenic exhibited until the morning of the 30th, when it was again
reduced to gr. iv, and on the following morning as the petechiæ had again faded, the dose
was still further reduced to gr. iii, twice daily.. On the evening of January 1st and morning
of the 2nd, the medicine was omitted, but was again given on the evening of the latter
date, and increased to gr. iv on the 3rd. The animal was found to have lost in condition on
the 4th, the mucous membranes were tinged yellow, a fresh crop of petechiæ was present on
the conjunctivæ, and a small patch of œdema, the size of the palm of the hand was apparent
on the right side of the chest. The dose of the drug was again increased to gr. v. on the
morning of the 6th, and maintained, nothing of importance occurring until the evening of
the 18th, when the temperature was found to register 39°C., P. 68, R. 12, and on the follow-
ing morning the animal appeared to have lost in condition, a fresh crop of petechiæ invaded