NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
Appendix.]
AGGREGATE OF THE STATISTICS OF THE TEN-YEAR PERIOD 1867 TO 1876.
259
ADMINISTRATION OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES—CENTRAL JAILS.
XLVIII.
AGGREGATE of the SICKNESS and MORTALITY of the CENTRAL JAIL at RAIPORE during the
TEN YEARS from 1867 to 1876.
MONTHS.
A g g r e g a t e o f t h e A v e r a g e S t r e n g t h o f e a c h M o n t h , 1 8 6 7 t o 1 8 7 6 .
A v e r a g e N u m b e r D a i l y S i c k .
N u m b e r D a i l y S i c k p e r 1 , 0 0 0 o f S t r e n g t h .
N u m b e r o f d e a t h s .
D i e d p e r 1 , 0 0 0 o f S t r e n g t h .
C A U S E S O F D E A T H S .
C h o l e r a .
S m a l l p o x .
E n t e r i c F e v e r .
F e v e r s .
A p o p l e x y .
D y s e n t e r y a n d D u a r r h œ a .
He p a t i t i s . S p l e e n D i s e a s e .
R e s p i r a t o r y D i s e a s e s .
H e a r t D i s e a s e s .
P h t h i s i s P u l m o n a l i s .
D r o p s y . S c u r v y .
A t r o p h y a n d A n æ m i a .
W o u n d s a n d A c c i d e n t s .
A l l o t h e r c a u s e s .
January
3,797 206 54.3 9 2.37
5
1
2
1
February
3, 811 185 48.5 12 3.15
2
4
1
3
2
March
3 , 8 3 8 175 45.6 15 3.91
2
6
2
2
3
April
3,849 175 45.5 8 2.68
2
2
2
1 1
M a y
3,865 167 43.2 5 1.29
2
1
2
June
3,911 151 38.6 5 1.28 1
3
1
July
4,040 164 40.6 8 1.98
3
2
3
August
4,125 233 56.5 22 5.33 3
3
10
1
2
3
September
4,065 277 68.1 29 7.13
6
16
2
3
2
October
4,057 328 80.8 24 5.92
3
13
1
1 1 1 4
November
4,065 339 83.4 24 5.90
3
8 1
2
2
1 4
3
December
3,876 270 69.7 17 4.39
1 0
2
1 2
2
4
23
80 1
6
14 1 3 28 1 17
Died per 1,000 of the Average Strength.
For the ten years
3,942 223 56.6 178 45.15 1.02
5.84
20.30 .25
1.52
3.55 .25 .76 7.10 .25 4.31
CAUSES OF ADMISSIONS
NUMBER OF ADMISSIONS INTO HOSPITAL IN EACH MONTH.
Total
admitted
during the
ten years.
Admitted
per 1,000
of
Strength.
Died Out o f e a c h h u n -
dred case
s treated.
Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Cholera
1
7
8
2. 0
50.00
Smallpox
1
3
1
1
6
1 . 5
Enteric Fever
Fever, lntermitteat
105 108 123 107 132 136 149 206 252 388 309 200 2,215
561.9 1.00
Fevers, Remittent and Con-
tinued
4 7
8
3
3
3
10
8
9
20
14
7
9 6
24. 4
Apoplexy
Dysentery
15 13
8
6
6
13
20
6 0
39
20
17
11
228
57.8
9 . 9 0
Diarrhœa
31 14
25
30
34
24
70 123
92
58
43
36
580
147. 1
Hepatitis
1
1
2
. 5
50.00
Spleen Disease
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
1
1
14
3.6
Respiratory Diseases
9 6
13
9
6
3
8
4
3
8
6
5
80
20.8
7.50
Phthisis Pulmonalis 3
2
1
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
18
4 . 6
7 7 . 7 8
Dropsy
1
1
.3
100. 0 0
Atrophy and Anæmia 9 11
8
8
10
4
8
6 15
1 3
3 1 13
136
34.5 20.59
Scurvy
1
1
1
4
9
3
19
4.8
15.79
Rheumatism 21 11
27
16
22
18
17
10
22
21
19
14
218
55.3
. 8 7
Venereal Diseases
4 2
4
8
8
8
9
3
5
7
4
6
6 8
17.3
Eve Diseases
4 6
4
16
13
7
7
11
5
9
7
4.
93
3 3 . 6
Abscess and Ul cer
67 64 53
59
72
88
78
7 5
6 4
7 9
7 5
5 9
833
2 1 1 . 3
Wounds and Accidents
20 25
31
23
17
10
28
2 1
2 5
1 1
1 2
2 9
252
6 3 . 2
All other Causes
49 43
63
51
52
43
24
6 4
38
49
47
55
598
151.7
343 311 373 338 373 361 451 603 573 694
596 444 5,465
Admitted per 1,000 of the Average Strength in each Month.
90.3 81.6 97.2 87. 8 97. 8 92.3 111. 6 146. 2 141.0 171.1 146.6 114.6
1 3 8 6 . 4
AGGREGATE OF THE STATISTICS OF THE TEN-YEAR PERIOD 1867 TO 1876.
Appendix.]
261
ADMINISTRATION OF THE PUNJAB—FEMALE JAIL, LAHORE.
L.
AGGREGATE of the SICKNESS and MORTALITY of the FEMALE JAIL at LAHORE during the TEN
YEARS from 1867 to 1876.
MONTHS.
A g g r e g a t e o f t h e A v e r a g e
s t r e n g t h o f e a c h M o n t h , 1 8 6 7 - 7 6 .
A v e r a g e N u m b e r D a i l y S i c k .
N u m b e r D a i l y S i c k p e r 1 , 0 0 0 o f
S t r e n g t h
N u m b e r o f D e a t h s .
D i e d p e r 1 , 0 0 0 o f S t r e n g t h .
CAUSES OF DEATHS.
C h o l e r a .
S m a l l p o x .
E n t e r i c F e v e r .
F e v e r s .
A p o p l e x y .
D y s e n t e r y a n d D i a r r h œ a .
H e p a t i t i s .
S p l e e n D i s e a s e .
R e s p i r a t o r y D i s e a s e s .
H e a r t D i s e a s e s .
P h t h i s i s P u l m o n a l i s .
D r o p s y . S c u r v y .
A t r o p h y a n d A n æ m i a .
W o u n d a n d A c c i d e n t s .
A l l o t h e r C a u s e s .
January
1,732 97 56.0 7 4.04
1
5
1
F e b r u a r y 1,709 77 45.1 8 4.68
1
6
1
March.
1,699 66 38.8 6 3.53
2
3
1
April
1,746 71 40.7 3 1.72
1
2
M a y 1,761 87 49.4 6 3.41
3
1
1 1
June
1,782 96 53.9 2 1.12
1
1
July
1,739 102 58.7 14 8.05 8
1 3
1
1
August
1,691 141 83.4 11 6.50 2
2 1
6
September
1,646 183 111.2 19 11.54 1
6
6
2
2
2
October
1,717 151 87.9 21 12.23 2
6
12
1
November
1,723 133 77.2 22 12.77
2 4
8 1
2
1
1
3
December
1,704 102 59.8 13 7.63
1 3
6
2
1
13
3 30 2 59 1 1 8
4 3
2
6
D i e d p e r 1 , 0 0 0 o f t h e A v e r a g e S t r e n g t h .
For the ten years
1,721 109 63.3 132 76.70 7.56 1.74 17.43 1.16 34.28 .58 .58 4.65
2.33 1.74 1.16
3.49
CAUSES OF ADMISSIONS.
NUMBER OF ADMI SSI ONS I NTO HOSPI TAL I N EACH MONTH.
T o t a l a d m i t t e d
during the
ten years.
Admitted p e r 1 , 0 0 0
o f
Strength.
Di ed
o u t o f e a c h h u n - d r e d c a s e s
t r eat ed.
Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Chol era
11
2 3
16
9.3
81. 25
Smallpox Enteric Fever
1
3 2
6
3. 5
50. 00
Fever, Intermittent
102
8 0 62 119 132 181 218 352 470 384 291 144 2,535 1473.0
1.12
Fevers, Remi ttent and Con-
tinued
2
9
4
7 11 13 15 24 24 22 10 3
144
83.7
Apopl exy
1
1
2
1.1
100. 00
Dysentery
1 0
6
3
6
5
7
6
1 7 1 3 1 3 14 13
1 1 3
6 5 . 7 1 8 . 7 3
Diarrhœa
15 14 15 10 9 12 13
3 4 2 5 2 6 17 12
2 0 2
1 1 7 . 4
Hepatitis 1
1
1
1
1
1 1 1
8
4.7
12. 50
Spl een Di sease
12
6
4
8 12 11 12 15 19 16 14 9
138
80.2
.72
Respi ratory Di seases
6
6
3
1
1
3
2
3 5 4 5 11
50
29.0
16. 00
Phthisis Pulmonalis
2
1
2
1
6
3 . 5
6 6 . 6 7
Dropsy
1
2
3
1 . 7 100. 00
Atrophy and Anæmia
5
1
1
3
1
1
1
5
3 4
2 5
1 4 . 5 8 . 0 0
Scurvy
1
1
2
2
1 2
9
5.2
Rheumati sm
2
1
1
1
3
2
6 3 1
20
11.6
.78
Venereal Di seases
5
3
1
2
1
3
4 3 1
3
26
15.1
Eye Diseases
5
2
8 36 53 35 25 31 32 7 3 5
242
140.6
Abscess and Ul cer
1 1 16 20 15 14 30 40 24 13 11 8 11
2 1 3
1 2 3 . 8
Wounds and Acci dents
2
1
1
1
1
2
4
2 3
1 7
9 . 9
All other Causes
2 0 20 26 34 24 32 18 23 14
1 1 21 10
253
147.0
199 165 151 248 265 335 369 538 634 499 394 231
4,028
Admitted per 1,000 of the Average Strength in each Month.
114.9 96.5 88.9 142.0 150.5 188.0 212.2 318.2 385.2 290.6 228.7 135.6
2 3 4 0 . 5
3s
AGGREGATE OF THE STATISTICS OF THE TEN-YEAR PERIOD 1867 TO 1876.
Appendix.]
265
CHOLERA of the JAILS of BENGAL and the DEATHS from the CHIEF
CA USES of MORTALITY in EACH JAIL of the PRESIDENCY
from 1867 to 1876.
3T
SECTION IV.
THE CHOLERA HISTORY OF 1875 AND 1876; ILLUSTRATING HOW THE
AREA OF HINDOSTAN WHEN UNOCCUPIED IS RE-IN
VADED BY EPIDEMIC CHOLERA.
LITHOGRAPHED FROM AN ORIGINAL SUPPLIED BY THE SANITARY COMMISSIONER WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
At the Surveyor General's Office, Calcutta, July 1878.
EPIDEMIC CHOLERA OF INDIA OF 1875 AND 1876.
[Section IV.
276
inclined to associate with that which caused the 267 deaths of August and September of
Wardah, in the Godavery district of the Central Provinces, and striking out the deaths from
January to June, there remain in Southern India 207 cholera deaths only to be accounted for
of the total registered in 1872.
While the Madras cholera of 1872 was dying out in March 1873, it was dying out also
in Bombay except in Bombay city, which registered 40 deaths
from April to December, and which were probably attributed to
c h o l e r a b y e r r o r . N o t a s i n g l e d e a t h f r o m c h o l e r a w a s r e g i s t e r e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e P r e s i d e n c y
after March in any district south of the Tapti. In the four southern districts in which it
survived during the three first months of 1873 the disappearance was simultaneous.
The phenomena of invasion, decay and re-appearance, in the different provinces are perfectly
exhibited in the registration tables for the series of years 1873 to 1876, which bear conspicuously
on their face the stamp which nature alone can impress.
Death at cholera in the Bombay
Presidency in March 1873.
Chapter IV.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE MONSOON CHOLERA OF 1875.
289
A.—The Area of Spring Cholera of 1875 in Bombay within which Cholera died in August—contd.
D i s t r i c t .
CIRCLE.
M a r c h . A p r i l .
M a y .
J u n e .
J u l y .
A u g u s t .
S e p t e m b e r .
O c t o b e r .
N o v e m b e r .
D e c e m b e r .
T o t a l d e a t h o f 1 8 7 5 .
K H A N D E S H .
Pachora
15 78 113
57
263
Dhulia
6 119
17 11 46
199
" Town
6 122
3
131
Yawal
40 111
40
191
Shahada
5 71
78 12
166
Nizampur
3
26 70 49 11
159
Amalner
46 48 14 26
134
Virdel
3
41 48 27 27
8
154
Raver
19
6
90 31
1
147
Chopra
44
9 72 17
142
„ Town
4
19
38 13
74
Chalisgaon
8
13
23
57
9 10 12
132
Pimpalner
7
72 33
9
121
Sirpur
10
17
39
29
95
Nandurbár
36 36
7
3
82
" T o w n
4 14
1
19
Bhadgaon
11
31
3
9
54
Paloda
1 0 23
33
TOTAL
26 809 1,660 2,825 870 22
12
6,224
B R O A C H .
Broach
8 213
27
248
" City
22 160
9
1
192
Amod
2
56
64
7
1 2 9
Ankleswar
7
53
32
8
100
Hansot
62
15
21
98
Wagra
5
47
18
70
Jambusar
23
2
25
TOTAL
44 614 167
37
862
P A N C H M A H A L S .
Kalol
31
56 231 14
332
Halol
7
87
97 18
209
Godhra
3 26 127 25
3
184
„ Town
85
68
153
Jhalod
11 118 26
155
Dohad Town
17
16
33
Rural Circle
7
16
23
TOTAL
41 289 673
83
3
1,089
K A I R A .
Nariad
2 163 200
5
370
Town
85 184
18
2
289
Borsad
71 190 45
3
309
Anand
2 160 124 18
1
3 0 5
Jhasra
1
58 180 29
6
1
275
Mehmedabad
2 38
85 16
1
28
8 178
Kapudwanj
102
51
3
4
1
161
Town
3
22
26
51
M á t a r
18
52 20
1
12
13 116
Borsad
6
9 11
2 6
Kaira
16
7
1
2 4
TOTAL
95 838 942 150 14
4
40
21 2,104
A H M E D A B A D .
Daskrohi
88 184 11
6
289
Ahmedabad
90
55
1 108
7
261
Parantij
1
31
8 9 10
39
3
173
Dhunduka
8 6
2 8 6
120
Dholka
14
66
11
2
93
" T o w n
4 22
1
1
1
29
Sanand
22
57
3
1
83
Viramgam
2
17
19
Town
2
2
Gogo
1
3
4
8
„ Town
1
1
TOTAL
1 251 577 68
64 17
1,078
. Thurr and Parkar
5
1
6
S U R A T
Mandvi
163
35
1
199
Olpád
50 110
7
4
171
Surat City
51
80
5
136
Choryasi
50 63 16
129
Pardi
1
9
31
58
7
106
Bulsar
23
35
8
8 74
" T o w n
12
13
1
2 6
Bardoli
1
14
6
4 28
10 63
Jalalpore
24 13
14
8
59
Chikli
2
2
TOTAL
1 315
2 8 8 76 89 124
53 19 965
Kurrachee
1
17
25
43
4 A
EPIDEMIC CHOLERA OF INDIA OF 1875 AND 1876.
[Section IV.
290
B.—Area covered in Spring which did not part with its Cholera in August.
DISTRICTS.
J a n u a r y .
F e b r u a r y .
M a r c h . A p r i l .
M a y .
J u n e .
J u l y .
A u g u s t .
S e p t e m b e r . O c t o b e r .
N o v e m b e r .
D e c e m b e r . T o t a l o f 1 8 7 5 .
Bombay City
1
1
31 67 132 279 168 43 53 38 21 834
Tanna
3 182 1,679 1,545 1,653 492 234 93 88 5,969
Colaba
3 18 312 721 361 37
1
1,453
Seven Circles of Poona
43 1,402 1,612 537 413 152 12
4,171
Seven Circles of Ahmed-
nagar
65 456 905 687 389 151 44 12
2,609
Nine Circles of Nasik
211 774 439 195 101 93 14
3
1,830
C . —
Movement of the Spring Cholera with the monsoon into the unoccupied Districts of the Bombay
Presidency.
Districts and Registering Circles.
D a t e o f f i r s t d e a t h o f 1 8 7 5 i n e a c h R e g i s t e r i n g C i r - c l e .
NUMBER OF CHOLERA DEATHS IN EACH MONTH.
T O T A L O F 1 8 7 5 .
J a n u a r y . F e b r u a r y . M a r c h
A p r i l . Ma y .
J u n e .
J u l y . A u g u s t .
S e p t e m b e r . O c t o b e r .
N o v e m b e r .
December.
P O O N A .
Purandhar
J u n e 3
43 125 62 11
241
I n d a p u r
M a y 2 2 *
50 114 31 3 8
4
237
A H M E D N A - G A R .
N e w a s a
J u n e 1
151 194 34 2
7
388
Jamkhed
" 2
39 137 93 13
8
290
N a g a r " 6
50 418 123 16
3
610
Karjat
" 10
83 101 55 10 15
264
Ahmednagar
" 18
10 60 34 5
1 0 9
Sheogaon
" 23
59 397 87
20
563
S H O L A P U R . Barsi, Town
A p r i l 2 4 ( ? )
1
3 97 13
114
Barsi
J u n e 1 1
10 506 202 12
730
Karmala
" 18
22 557 116 64
759
Sholapur
" 1 9
13 131 70 15
229
Pandarpur
" 21
17 248 81
1
547
Madha
" 23
6 278 105 1
11
401
Malsiras
" 24
21 65 29 74
1 7 2
208
Sangola
" 27
2 296 82 14 16 1
411
Sholapur, Town
J u l y 6
75 33 29
137
S A T A R A .
Wai
J u n e 2 2
3 6 174 105 13
2
330
Wai, Town " 22
1 4
5 2 2 1
87
Satara
" 26*
1 4 2 107 34
5
288
Koragaon
" 27
1 220 152 31
1
405
Walwa
" 29*
4 0 5 233 2
640
Man
" 30
2 72 21 126 7 2
230
Karad
J u l y 3
163 254 11 1 1
430
Khanapur
" 4
56 149 34 37 4
2 8 0
Satara, Town
" 7
30 25 2
5 7
Jauli
" 9
27
3 8 16 1
82
Patan
" 14
2 9 156 37
2
224
Karad, Town
" 16
21 24 1
46
Tasgaon
" 17
104 201 56 5 1
387
Khatan
" 18
10 102 53 15
180
K A L A D G I .
Indi
July 5
2 278 79 17
376
Sindgi
" 2 2
1 1 57 64 5 16
153
B a g e w a r i Aug. 4
33 121 29 10 5 198
Badami
" 5
27 37 27 21 10 122
Kaladgi, C. T.
" 5
4 2
6
B i j a p u r " 6
94 57 15
166
Kal adgi , Town
" 9
28 8
36
Muddebihal
" 12
5 35 34 53 6 133
Bagalkot
" 1 7
1 8
1 9
1 5 33 1 86
Hangand
Sept. 4
19
1 5
3 9 16 89
B E L G A U M .
Athni
July 15
36 96 38 34
3 207
Chikori
" 29
13 114 130 78 7
342
Gokak
Aug. 9
65 103 246 51 26 491
Belgaum
" 29
6 59 118 74 4 261
" Town
Sept. 11
7 8 2
17
Gokak, Town
" 13
62 21 1
84
Sampgaon
" 1 9
38 643 183 9
8 7 3
Bidi " 28
3 50
6 1
4
1 1 8
Parasgad
" 29
5 260 72 4 341
Athni, Town
Oct. 15
1
1
Belgaum, C. T.
" 31
1
1
* Registration first noted in June and July in the Sanitary Commissioner's Statement.
EPIDEMIC CHOLERA OF INDIA OF 1875 AND 1876.
[Section IV.
296
districts registered no cholera deaths in November. In December, the total mortality for the
province was 58, Raipore giving 34 out of this total.
In the Berars, 52 deaths appear in November, and these were confined to two districts;
the last occurred on 18th November. No death was registered in December.
In Bombay, Dharwar gave 477 out of 819 deaths from the Presidency in December; and
in January 1876, the same district gave 640 out of a total of 900. Elsewhere the cholera was
dormant or at a minimum.
As in 1818, the Madras Presidency shows in its registration an increase, and not a decline,
in the last quarter of 1875; and most districts which at this season retained it, carried cholera
into and throughout 1876. The deaths of November and December were more numerous than
those of any month of 1875, as may be seen by reference to the registration table. The
same natural phenomenon is shown in the registration for the same quarter of 1876 when the
deaths rose from 3,280 in October to 31,183 in December, an aspect of cholera which leads us
back to the facies shown in the home of endemic cholera at sea-level in Eastern Bengal.
EPIDEMIC CHOLERA OF INDIA OF 1875 AND 1876.
[ Section IV.
300
This simple statement was realised in all its leading features. Ferozepore, Meean Meer,
and Jullundur absolutely escaped throughout the monsoon
season, with this exception, that at Ferozepore three cases of
cholera did occur on 23rd, 24th and 26th August, an ex--
traordinary fact, when we consider that out of half a million of inhabitants, only one
death from cholera was recorded in 1875. The cholera knew its limit behind the Jhelum
and kept it; it moved on Cashmere and filled the valley with the material of the epidemic of
1876; on 9th April 1876 we find it in epidemic life beyond the Frontier, in the Bolan Pass
and in Candahar; Murree was attacked with the monsoon of 1876; and the Peshawar Valley
was entered, and retained its cholera up to the very same week as in 1858 and 1862.
These contingencies for 1876 were discussed in detail before leaving India in October
1875; and also with several authorities in England in the spring, before the events of the year
had begun to declare themselves.
Let me then show what did occur in 1876, and the meaning of the different occurrences.
In 1856 and 1861, we had not the deaths of the general population to show us plainly and
visibly the geography of the abruptly defined cholera line at the north-western limit. This is
supplied in the registration of 1875; and the contrast showing the distribution of the morta--
lity in the two years 1875 and 1876 gives the illustration in perfection, and I trust the lesson
w h i c h i t t e a c h e s m a y n e v r b e f o r g o t t e n .
This is what it teaches: The advance of cholera in 1875 up to a certain limit, which was
the same reached in 1856 and 1861; the exemption of all dis-
tricts to the south, where the six districts bordering on the
desert registered in all 5 deaths in 1875; the exemption of every
district beyond Gujranwala, 8 deaths being the total for the
entire tract beyond; the aborted attempt, clearly enough shadowed
out, to revive in the districts west of Delhi in the spring of 1876; the actual commencement of
the cholera of 1876 at the aerial wall; the continued exemption in 1876 of the tract to the
south exempted in 1875; the occupation of every district from Lahore northwards; and the
absolute failure of the cholera to assume a retrograde movement over the districts occupied in
1875, affording a crucial example of the truth, that epidemic cholera in India does not radiate.
How the anticipations formed were
realised.
The limitation in the north-west;
the aerial wall which retained the
cholera. Illustration of what is
meant by an aerial wall.
T h e G e o g r a p h y o f t h e C h o l e r a o f t h e G e n e r a l P o p u l a t i o n o f t h e P u n j a b i n 1 8 7 5 a n d 1 8 7 6 c o n t r a s t e d , i l l u s t r a t i n g w h a t i s m e a n t b y a n A e r i a l W a l l , a n d t y p i c a l a g a i n s t t h e t h e o r y
.
of the Radia t i o n o f C h o l e r a .
DI STRI CTS.
CHOLERA DEATHS OF 1875.
T o t a l D e a t h s .
DISTRICTS.
CHOLERA DEATHS OF 1876.
T o t a l D e a t h s .
J a n u a r y .
F e b r u a r y . M a r c h . A p r i l .
M a y . J u n e .
J u l y .
A u g u s t .
S e p t e m b e r . O c t o b e r .
N o v e m b e r .
D e c e m b e r .
J a n u a r y .
F e b r u a r y . M a r c h .
A p r i l .
M a y .
June.
J u l y .
A u g u s t .
S e p t e m b e r .
O c t o b e r .
N o v e m b e r . D e c e m b e r .
Gurgaon
1 49 116 189 162
9
526 Gurgaon
1
1
10
1
13
Delhi
1
12 29 70 51 106 10
8
287 Delhi
1
1
2
Rohtak
1
17 72 130 6 1 3
9
239 Rohtak
2
1 5
1 7
Hissar
1 4
4 49 16 67 1
H i s s a r
Sirsa
3 12 10 1
26 Sirsa
1
1
Karnal
25 12 32 3
72 Karnal
1
1
Umballa
1
3 2 109 99 64
6 0 1 1
3 4 9
U m b a l l a
2
1 1 3
7
Simla
4 127 27
1 5 8
S i m l a
Ludhiana
1
1
... 30 31 20
8 3 Ludhiana
1
1
2
Ferozepore
1
1 Ferozepore
Montgomery
1
1
2 Montgomery
1
1
Mooltan
1
1 Mooltan
3 2
32
Muzaffargarh
Muzaffargarh
Jhang
Jhang
3
3
Dera Ghazi Khan
1
1 Dera Ghazi Khan
1
3
1
5
Jullundur
1
11 12 32
7
6 3 Jullundur
Hoshiarpur
2
5 34 97 98
2 3 6 Hoshiarpur
Kangra
2
1
1 11 122 288 197 81
7
7 1 0 Kangra
1 1
1
3
Gurdaspur
1
1 225 557 613 85
1,482 Gurdaspur
1
1
1
111
1 4
Amritsar
1 28 504 583 149 3
1
1 , 2 6 9 Amritsar . . .
1
1 1 8
1 9
3 0
Lahore
1 1 1 1 1 12 177 82 12
2 8 8 Lahore
2 2
2
2
1 1 9 4 7 4
1 1 7
4
463
Sialkot
1
74 216 3
294 Sialkot
4 2
3 8 8
3 3
4 6 3
Gujranwala
1
8
9 Gujranwala
1
1
2 6 6
1 6 8
3 3
1
2 7 2
Gujrat
1
1
2 Gujrat
2 53
1 9 1
2 8 3
4 3
572
Shahpur
Shahpur
1 5 7
2 9 1 41
1 5
5 0 4
Jhelum
1
1 Jhelum
4 0 42 1 3 2
6 3
2 4
3 0 1
Rawalpindi
1
1 Rawalpindi
2 1 0 9
3 4 3
1 6 0 1 1
1
6 2 6
Hazara
Hazara
4 50
9 3 9 2
6
2 4 5
4 D Peshawar
1
1
2 Peshawar
61 5 1 0
6 7
6 3 8
Kohat
Kohat
3
1 92
2 4
Bannu
Bannu
4 6 3
47
1 8 3 7 5
9 5
9 9 8
Dera Ismail Khan
1
1
2 Dera Ismail Khan
1
9
32
1 1 7
81
240
C h a p t e r V . ]
A S P E C T S O F E P I D E M I C C H O L E R A I N I N D I A I N 1 8 7 6 .
301
Chapter V.]
ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN INDIA IN 1876.
305
PESHAWAR—ALL CORPS IN 1876.
PARALLELS.
Date.
Admissions.
Deaths.
Deaths of the
Peshawar cantonment
in 1872.
Deaths of the
Kohat cantonment
in 1869.
September 27
2
28
29
20
5
30
8
10
October
1
8
5
2
7
3
3
9
2
4
5
6
1
5
6
3
2
6
4
1
9
7
5
6
2
9
8
2
3
4
21
9
3
9
18
10
5
2
6
10
11
2
4
11
13
12
4
3
9
7
13
2
1
17
10
14
1
1
9
7
15
1
9
4
16
15
2
17
8
2
18
1
11
1
19
6
2
20
1
5
2
21
4
1
22
2
4
23
1
1
2
5
24
1
2
1
25
1
2
26
1
1
27
1
28
2
2
29
2
2
30
1
1
31
1
1
November 1
1
1
2
3
1
1
4
5
6
2
7
1
1
8
1
9
10
19
1
2 2
1
It is obvious that the aspect of the outbreak is in all these cases one and the same. They
comprehend the cholera of many different corps; but the whole comes together as a unity,
and the lapse of years has brought about no difference in the facies, the natural cause and
the controlling agency being alike in all. What the aspect implies has been carefully studied
in previous reports. Removal from a cantonment after the date of infection seems to alter
the facies but little. The indication is, to move before infection occurs, and not to await the
coming cholera; but even after infection, it is our hope that the opening up of the mass into
many separate bodies may diminish the tendency to culmination in individuals and tide over
the fifteen days, during which in such a case as this a localised cholera continues to make its
presence felt.
Death of the epidemic of 1875-76
in Upper India.
The whole Punjab registered but 3 cholera deaths in December 1876; and in 1877 not a
single death has been recorded attributable to the survival
of the cholera of the epidemic of 1875.
Malarious fever running parallel
with the cholera of 1876 in Northern
India.
Parallel with this cholera of the Punjab, ran, in 1876, a great fever epidemic. But this is
to be noted, that the fever of 1876 took the sweep of the pro-
vince, as cholera did in 1869 and 1872, Delhi and the districts
to the west, suffering equally with the northern districts of the
Punjab.
At the date when cholera moved into the Peshawar valley, between 15th and 22nd Sep
-tember, in many stations lying towards the frontier, malarious influences became aggravated.
4 E
Chapter V.]
ASPECTS OF EPIDEMIC CHOLERA IN INDIA IN 1876.
307
which does not recognise this. All reasoning as to secondary phenomena must follow on
the recognition, and this principle will be found lying at the root of the present and all my
other reports on cholera.
Months and years before cholera reached the north-western frontier in the course of
these epidemics, we watched its deliberate advance from Eastern Bengal, noting in each epi
-demic the acceleration or retardation of its progress by natural influences ; and the aspect under
which the appearance occurred on each occasion, forbids me to believe that the material of the
outbreak was lying in the Peshawar valley, ready for manifestation with a combination of
epidemic conditions hitherto undetermined.
Whether cholera has in India a perennial habitat beyond the endemic area can be
answered. It is a mere problem in Natural History, capable of solution by the application to
the enquiry of appreciable facts.
EPIDEMIC CHOLERA OP INDIA OF 1875 AND 1876.
[ Section IV.
314
word, the experience of every month and every week and every year, is called on to confirm or
refute the theory thus enunciated. And when I state that what is recorded year by year is
appreciably true, every scientific observer throughout India has the right to come forward and
say that such generalisations are contrary to the facts observed, if such be the case, or that
the facts as they stand admit of an interpretation different from that which I have placed upon
them.
Every page in this Report tells how essential for the direction of practical sanitary mea
-sures is a system of statistics such as that which I have tried to shape out from the medical
history of the past twenty years. Statistics are the Sibylline Books of modern times; and
w h e n t h e y a r e t h e o u t c o m e o f a t r u e r e g i s t r a t i o n , w h e n t h e y a r e d e d u c e d f r o m a n a d e q u a t e a g g r e a t e , a r r a n g e d i n a n a t u r a l o r d e r , a n d g r o u p e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e i r r e a l s i g n i f i c a n c e t h e y a r e a n u n e r r i n g g u i d e f o r t h e f u t u r e . T h e c o n s t i t u t i o n o f s u c h a s y s t e m i s p e r m a n e n t .
It may be susceptible of improvement in many ways; but as the structure grows year by year
the tendency is to solidity and perfection.