ABSTRACTS
101
suppressed the thermal reaction, it had no effect either on the parasites or on any of the other
clinical symptoms.
II. Symptomatic Treatment.
The procedure recommended under this head is as follows : (1) To induce elimination of
toxic products by the administration of diuretics; (2) to avoid danger of indigestion, especially
in bovines, by the administration of purgatives and by feeding with green fodder; (3) to
strengthen the heart by the administration of caffeine or camphor ; (4) to impart tone to the
system by the repeated injections of glucose ; (5) to combat anæmia by blood transfusion ; and
(6) to take care of the animal during convalescence.
B. PROPHYLAXIS.
Under this heading, the authors refer to the desirability of (1) adopting suitable measures
against the introduction of affected animals; (2) destroying the transmitting ticks; and
(3) premunising all susceptible animals.
By premunising, one contrives to bring about a chronic latent infection in the animal concerned,
but as this involves the inoculation of living piroplasms, there is a risk of the occurrence of acute
paroxysm following upon the first invasion by the parasites.
In premunising against P. bigminum infection, one takes the blood of an animal that had
developed a paroxysm of the disease 3 to 4 months previously and inoculates the blood subcutane¬
ously into the animals to be premunised at a dose rate of 5 c. c. If any severe symptoms are
produced as a result of the blood inoculation, the animal is injected with 20 c.c. of Trypanblue
(presumably of a 1 per cent. solution).
In premunising against anaplasmosis, one injects a healthy animal subcutaneously with
50 c.c. of blood drawn from a bovine in a chronic state of this infection. Six days later,
i.e., during the period of incubation (which ranges from 25 to 30 days), the inoculated animal is
bled and the blood thus obtained (the " virus vaccine ") is injected at a dose rate of 5 c.c. into the
animals to be premunised.
There is no method known of attenuating the virus of theileriasis. One therefore selects a
stain of parasites from a natural benign case of this disease and keeps the strain alive by passaging
through suitable animals, the blood for subinoculation being every time drawn at the moment
of acute paroxysm. The blood (" virus vaccine ") drawn in this manner is also subinoculated
at a dose rate of 10 c.c. into the animals to be premunised.
The three virus vaccines mentioned above may be conserved in vitro for 3 to 4 days (S. K. S.)
The Life-history of gastrophilus larvae of the horse, and lesions produced by the
larvae. WEHR, E. E. Cornell Veterinarian, 23, 254-271 (1933).
The absence of definite information concerning the path of migration of the young larvæ of
bot-flies after they have entered the mouth-cavity of the host animal has hitherto made it a matter
of some difficulty to determine the right time for the application of control measures against these
parasites. The author found that after reaching the mouth, the larvæ of Gastrophilus intesti¬
nàlis burrow into the mucous membrane of the tongue, cheeks and lips, in which they wander about
for several days (which may extend to 3 months or more) and that they later leave these situations
and migrate to the stomach by way of the pharynx. It is noteworthy that the larvæ extracted
from under the mucous membrane at the base of the tongue were generally much larger than those
extracted from the anterior portion of the tongue.