NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
272 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III
PROGRESS OF THE EXPERIMENT.
Owing to the scarcity of grass at the commencement of the experiment it was
found necessary to change the progressional group to the second section after a
period of 5 days. Each subsequent section was grazed for an interval of 10 days.
Towards the first week of June the grass came away quickly, in fact too quickly as
the rank nature of the grass in the ungrazed sections led to much trampling and
wastage of the grass, so much so, that by the end of the 10-day interval the lambs
were not finding sufficient for their requirements. This meant that the lambs
in the progressional group were getting less food than the non-progressional group
and could, therefore, not be expected to put on the same weight. The difficulty
could have been met by increasing the grazing area of the progressional group, but
since the main object of the experiment was to find out to what extent sectional
grazing would lessen the degree of infestation to stomach worms, it was considered
inadvisable to take this step. From a nutritional point of view then, the non-
progressional group had a considerable advantage over the progressional group, as
the grass in their plot was plentiful to the end of the experiment.
On the 28th August the lambs were weighed and then removed to a local
abattoir for slaughter (Table III). The abomasums were removed and the worms
were isolated by the usual process of sedimentation and decantation and counted
(Table IV).
Table III.
Showing the weight of the lambs at beginning and the end of the experiment.
Progressional group=P.
—
P. 1 . . .
P. 2 . . .
P. 3 . . .
P. 4 . . .
P. 5 . . .
P. 6 . . .
Date of weighing
25th May,
1932
21.5
21
22.5
27
20
28.5
28th Aug.,
1932
57
52
54
55
48
57
Non-progressional group=N. P.
—
N. P. 1 . . .
N. P. 2 . . .
N. P. 3 . . .
N. P. 4 . . .
N. P. 5 . . .
N. P. 6 . . .
—
Average weight of the lambs at the beginning of the experiment . .
Average weight of lambs at the end the experiment . . . .
Date of weighing
25th May,
1932
24
23.5
21.5
21
25.5
28
P. Group
lbs.
23.4
53.8
28th Aug.,
1932
61
64
67
67
68
73
N. P. Group
lbs.
23.9
66.6
STOMACH WORMS IN LAMBS AND THEIR CONTROL
273
TABLE IV.
Showing the total numbers of worms recovered from the abomasums of the progressional
and non-progressional groups.
Progressional group=P
—
P. 1 . . .
P. 2 . . .
P. 3 . . .
P. 4 . . .
P. 5 . . .
P. 6 . . .
H. contor-
tus
1
0
1
2
8
0
O. circum-
cincta
1
36
3S4
437
132
6
Non-progressional group=N. P.
—
N. P. 1 . . .
N. P. 2 . . .
N. P. 3 . . .
N. P. 4 . . .
N. P. 5 . . .
N. P. 6 . . .
H. contor-
tus
452
349
233
363
86
61
O. circum-
cincta
1,177
1,132
927
1,023
690
246
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS.
In the case of H. contortus the total number of worms recovered from the six
lambs of the non-progressional group was 1,550, or an average of 258 per lamb.
From the progressional group only 12 worms were recovered, giving an average of
2 per lamb. These results show that progressional grazing was efficient to the
extent of reducing H. contortus infestation 99.2 per cent. compared with the non-
progressional group. In other words H. contortus can be completely controlled by
this system.
The average number of O. circumcincta recovered from the non-progressional
and progressional groups was 865 and 166 respectively, giving an efficiency of 80.8
per cent. The lower percentage of reduction in the case of 0. circumcincta would
point to the fact that some larvæ were able to reach the infective stage in less than
10 days. For all practical purposes, however, 10 days may be considered a safe
period for this species, as the few larvæ that may develop to the infective stage
within that time are not likely to cause much harm.
Statistical analysis of these results kindly undertaken by Dr. Tocher, Aberdeen,
indicate that the odds against the results being fortuitous are 700 to 1, and 1,000 to
1 for H. contortus and O. circumcincta respectively.
The number of worms recovered from the non-progressional group indicate the
degree to which lambs may become infested when put to graze on worm-free
G 2
274 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III
pasture with their infected dams. Although the numbers are too small to cause
serious harm, the evidence shows the advisability of dosing ewes and having them as
free of worms as possible before putting them to graze with their lambs on new
grass.
Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Mr. E. L. Taylor, Veterinary Laboratory,
Weybridge, Professor James Ritchie, Natural History Department, Aberdeen
University, and Dr. Orr, Director, Rowett Research Institute, for their helpful
criticism.
REFERENCES.
Anon. (1932).—Report of Committee on Parasitic Diseases. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Ass., LXXX.
(W. L. 11022).
Seddon, H. R. and Ross, J. C. (1929).—Observations on the Treatment of Parasitic Gastro-Enteritis
in Sheep. Vet. Research Report, No. 5, Dept. of Agriculture, New South Wales, pp. 62-85.
Taylor, E. L. (1929).—Stomach Worms of Sheep. Ministry of Agriculture Jl. 36, 1, page 6.
Veglia, F. (1916).—The Anatomy and Life-history of Hæmonchus contortus. 3rd and 4th Report of
the Director of Veterinary Research, pp. 348-500.
PYRETHRUM AS AN ANTHELMINTIC FOR ASCARIDIA LINEATA.
BY
R. E. REBRASSIER,
Columbus, Ohio College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University.*
(Reprinted from Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, N. S. Vol. 37, No. 4, April 1934.
Over a century ago, it was discovered that flowers from certain species of the
pyrethrum plant would kill various forms of insect life. The powdered flowers of
this plant have been exported under various names from certain provinces of Persia
and Dalmatia into European countries for use as insecticides. The drug was intro-
duced into America first about the year 1850.
The pyrethrum plant belongs to the genus Chrysanthemum, of the family Com-
positae. Ginsburg 1 lists the following species as being toxic for insects : (1) roseum,
(2) carneum and (3) cinerariaefolium. The last-named species is cultivated espe-
cially for insecticidal purposes because it is higher in insecticidal properties and
gives a larger yield of flowers.
Pyrethrum is very poisonous to insects and cold-blooded animals, but it is not
toxic to man or other warm-blooded animals. Although all parts of the plant are
toxic to insects, most of the toxic principle is found in the flower-head. The toxi-
city is due to two chemical compounds named pyrethrin I (C 22 H 30 O 5 ). These com-
pounds are highly insoluble in water but dissolve readily in most organic solvents
such as alcohol, acetone, ether and kerosene. The total pyrethrin content of the
dried flowers varies from 0.3 to 1.2 per cent. The term pyrethrum refers to the
entire plant, while pyrethrin designates only the active principle. Within recent
years, pyrethrum has become one of our most valuable insecticides and large
quantities of the flowers are imported annually into this country from Japan, Italy
and other countries where this plant is cultivated.
Staundiger and Ruzicka 2 described the active principles of pyrethrum and the
toxic action on cold-blooded animals, and stated that oral administration to warm-
blooded animals was without danger.
Chevalier 3 began internal medication with this drug in man and domestic
animals. He found it to be very efficacious in removing ascarids and tenia from
dogs, and stated that young dogs would withstand large doses of this drug without
apparent discomfort. A dose of 10 mg. was found to be sufficient to remove all
tenia and ascarids from the dog.
* In co-operation with the Ohio Agric. Expt. Stn., Animal Disease Laboratories, Raynoldsburg, Ohio.
( 275 )
276 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III
Urbain and Guillot, 4 of the French Army Veterinary Service, reported the
results of their work on the administration of pyrethrin for the removal of intestinal
parasites of horses. Ascarids, oxyurids and strongylids were removed with a formula
consisting of 1 gm. of the drug in 20 gm. of castor oil. These investigators state
that the superiority of pyrethrin lies in its definite lethal rather than paralyzing
effect upon the parasites, and that the use of laxatives is unnecessary following its
administration.
The satisfactory results obtained with pyrethrum in mammals suggested the
possibility that this preparation might be efficient in removing intestinal parasites
of poultry. A series of tests were conducted to determine the anthelmintic value
of pyrethrum for Ascaridia lineata.
METHODS.
Thirty adult birds, known to be infected with Ascaridia lineata, were placed in
individual cages having wire-mesh bottoms and removeable pans for the droppings.
Powdered pyrethrum in gelatin capsules was administered to each bird after feed
had been withheld for a period of 12 hours. The droppings were collected in water
for a period of 72 hours and examined for the presence of ascarids. Post-slaughter
examinations were made at the end of five days following treatment; the intestines
were opened and their contents scraped into a vessel containing tap water. Both
the scraped intestine and the diluted contents were examined for the presence of
Ascaridia lineata.
Since no record could be found of the use of pyrethrum for the removal of
intestinal parasites in the chicken, an arbitrary dose had to be determined. Based
on the work of Chevalier in the dog and cat, it was decided to use 200 mgs. of the
powdered pyrethrum.
Since the pyrethrin content of the dried floweres varies from 0.3 to 1.2 per
cent., it was deemed advisable to use a preparation which contained not less than
0.7 per cent. The assay of the drug used in these tests showed a pyrethrin content
of 0.8 per cent.
EXPERIMENTAL DATA.
The result obtained by the administration of 200 mgs. of powdered pyrethrum
(containing 0.8 per cent. pyrethrin) for the removal of Ascaridia lineata are given in
Table I. This shows, for each host, the efficacy of the drug against Ascaridia
lineata as indicated by the percentage of worms removed compared with the total
number present.
PYRETHRUM AS AN ANTHELMINTIC FOR ASCARIDIA LINEATA
277
TABLE I.
Anthelmintic value of pyrethrum for Ascaridia lineata (200 mg. pyrethrum containing
0.8 per cent. pyrethrin).
Bird
1
2
3
4
5
0
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Totals
Ascaridia observed in droppings after treatment
12 Hrs.
8
5
16
9
1
10
8
0
0
0
0
4
15
12
8
4
8
0
0
0
8
2
1
0
0
4
0
3
6
0
132
24 Hrs.
6
2
6
4
0
2
4
8
2
6
10
5
0
0
0
8
3
2
0
0
1
4
5
4
6
2
0
6
4
8
108
72 Hrs.
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
6
6
0
0
0
0
4
3
3
8
5
3
10
11
5
4
0
2
8
2
93
Total
16
7
25
13
1
12
12
12
2
10
16
15
15
12
8
12
15
5
3
8
14
9
16
15
11
10
0
11
18
10
333
Post¬
slaughter
observation
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
17
Efficiency
per cent.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
28.5
100
100
100
100
100
88.8
100
100
100
60
66.7
100
100
100
100
100
100
0
100
100
90.9
95.14
In 24 of the 30 birds treated, complete elimination was obtained and only one
bird failed to pass worms following treatment. Five birds passed some worms
following treatment but did not eliminate all of them.
Birds 15 and 30 passed all worms except one and in each instance the remain-
ing worm was found to be dead when the bird was slaughtered. Birds 19 and
20 passed the majority of worms present but did not have complete elimination.
Bird 9 passed only 28.5 per cent. of the worms present and bird 27 failed to pass
any. It is possible, in the latter case, that the capsule containing the drug may
278 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III
have failed to pass into the crop and was coughed out, although no trace of pyre-
thrum could be found in the dropping-pan.
The efficacy of pyrethrum against Ascaridia lineata, based on the worm total,
was found to be 95.14 per cent. A total of 333 Ascaridia lineata were moved from
the 30 birds treated and 17 were found at post-slaughter examination. The largest
number of worms were removed in the first twelve hours following treatment, 132
being recovered. At the end of 24 hours, an additional 108 worms were recovered
and 93 were passed between the 24th and 72nd hours.
The foregoing data indicate that pyrethrum (containing 0.8 per cent. pyre-
thrin) has a high efficiency in removing Ascaridia lineata from the chicken. It
has an added advantage in that no purgative is required.
It is quite possible that pyrethrum may be found to be highly efficient against
other species of parasites. Tests are being conducted to determine its efficiency
against tapeworms infecting the chicken.
SUMMARY.
Powdered pyrethrum in doses of 200 miligrams, containing 0.8 per cent. pyre¬
thrin, was administered to 30 adult chickens, to determine the efficiency of the drug
in removing Ascaridia lineata. The droppings of each bird, voided over a period of
72 hours following treatment, were examined for Ascaridia lineata. These birds
were then killed and examined for the presence of Ascaridia lineata. Twenty-four
birds eliminated all Ascaridia lineata following treatment and only one bird failed
to pass worms. Five birds passed Ascaridia lineata but did not completely elimi-
nate them. The efficacy of pyrethrum against Ascaridia lineata, based on a worm
total, was found to be 95.14 per cent.
REFERENCES.
1 Ginsburg, J. M. Pyrethrum, its value in exterminating insects. N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta. Cir. 272
(1933).
2 Staundiger, H., and Ruzicka, L. Ueber Isollerung and Konstitution des wirksamen Telles des dal-
matinischen Insectenpulvers. Helv. Chim. Acta (1922), 4, p. 17.
3 Chevalier, J. Le pyrethre, nouvel anthelmintique vermicide. Compt. Rend. Acad. Med. (April
24, 1928).
4 Urbain, A., and Guillot, G. Sur les pyrethrines. Leur emploi en medccine veterinaire. Rev. de
Path. Comp. (May, 1931).
CANINE RABIES EXPERIMENTAL VACCINATION*
SECOND AND THIRD REPORTS.
BY
M. F. BARNES, A. N. METCALFE AND W. E. MARTINDALE,
Pennsylvania Bureau of Animal Industry, Harrisburg, Pa.
AND
W. J. LENTZ, Philadelphia, Pa.
Director of the Small-Animal Clinic Veterinary School, University of Pennsylvania.
(Reprinted from the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, N. S. Vol. 37, No. 5.)
This third report is designated ' Second and Third Reports ' because it involves
and supplements the second report which was presented at the Veterinary Confer-
ence in Philadelphia, in January, 1932, but which was not published.
Our first report contained a description of the purpose of our experiments,
the location and description of the grounds and buildings, the sources of the dogs
used and susceptibility tests, and a preliminary report of the results of the use of
carbolized canine rabies single dose vaccines obtained from four different commer-
cial laboratories. These four vaccines, in order not to disclose the identities of the
laboratories from which they were obtained, were designated as vaccines A, B, C,
and D.
The first report contained the following summary :
Of 27 dogs vaccinated and later exposed 24 (89 per cent.) died of rabies.
TABLE I.
Summary of results of the use of carbolized vaccine.
Treatment
Vaccine A . . .
Vaccine B . . .
Vaccine C . . .
Vaccine D .
.
.
Totals .
Controls
.
Dogs
10
10
10
10
40
16
Died
Rabies
7
9
8
9
33 (82.5%)
13 (81.25%)
Rabies not
proved
2
0
0
0
2
1
Other causes
1
0
1
0
2
1
Alive.
0
1
1
1
3
1
* Presented at the seventieth annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
Chicago, III., August 14-18th, 1933.
( 279 )
280 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III
Of 11 unvaccinated controls exposed, 10 (91 per cent.) died of rabies.
Since the report was made, the remainder of 40 vaccinated dogs and additional
controls were exposed, and the final summary of the results of dogs treated
with carbolized vaccine is presented in Table I.
DISCUSSION.
The results of our studies, in the use of the single-dose carbolized canine
rabies vaccine, indicated that none of the vaccines used were capable of immuni-
zing dogs against any of the viruses used.
There was some indication that the injection of street virus did not immunize
dogs against a subsequent injection, 60 or more days later, of either the same
strain or a different strain of virus.
The single-injection method of vaccinating dogs with carbolized vaccine is appa-
rently unreliable and does not immunize dogs against rabies, and, therefore, should
not be relied upon as a means of controlling rabies in dogs.
CHLOROFORM-TREATED VACCINE.
After the first experiments in the use of carbolized vaccines were nearing com-
pletion, another group of healthy dogs was inoculated by different channels—sub
arachnoid intramuscular and intravenous—with various dilutions and various-sized
doses of rabies virus to determine, if possible, the comparative minimum fatal dose
and to form a better basis for exposing dogs after vaccination with a chloroform
treated vaccine. In these tests, only one virus (27039) was used and dilutions were
made so that 0.5 c.c. represented the dose in each case, Emulsions ranging from
10.0 per cent. down to 0.009 per cent. were used, and the 0.5 c.c. dose contained
amounts of brain material ranging from 0.8 grains (50 mg.) down to approximately
0.0007 grains (0.05 mg.). The results were somewhat irregular but there seemed
to be some indication, within certain limits, that the dispersion of virus by dilution,
rather than the amount of virus, had some relation to infections which took place.
On August 20, 1931, 20 healthy dogs were vaccinated with commercial
(Laboratory A) chloroform-treated rabies vaccine prepared by the Kelser method.
An equal number of dogs were set aside as controls. These groups were sub-divi-
ded and, later, individual dogs or groups were exposed through different channels
to different strains of virus as is shown in the accompanying tables.
CANINE RABIES EXPERIMENTAL VACCINATION
281
TABLE II.
Street virus 50012D454 (10 per cent. emulsion).
Dog
242 . .
452 . .
195 . .
318 . .
453 . .
223 . .
214 . .
297 . .
258 . .
436 . .
Vaccinated
}
20-8-31
}
Controls.
Virus exposure
Date
..
16-11-31
..
Method
Subarachnoid .
Subarachnoid .
Intramuscular .
Intramuscular .
Intramuscular .
Subarachnoid .
Subarachnoid .
Intramuscular .
Intramuscular .
Intramuscular .
Dose (c.c.)
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.5
1.0
Results
Lived.
Lived.
Lived.
Lived.
Lived.
R. * 22 days.
R. * 21 days.
D. † 10 days.
Lived.
Lived.
* Rabies.
† Died. Rabies not proved.
TABLE III.
Street virus 51371 (10 per cent. emulsion).
Dog
178 . .
300 . .
337 . .
209 . .
366 . .
277 . .
Vaccinated
}
20-8-31
}
Control
Virus exposure
Date
..
16-11-31
..
Method
Subarachnoid .
{ Subarachnoid .
Intravenous .
Subarachnoid .
{ Subarachnoid .
Intravenous .
Dose (c.c.)
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.5
Results
R. * 15 days.
R. * 19 days.
Lived.
R. * 18 days.
R. * 16 days.
Lived.
* Rabies.
282 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III
TABLE IV.
Pasteur virus 1850EE5 (10 per cent. emulsion).
Dog
248 . .
228 . .
174 . .
290 . .
353 . .
391 . .
Vaccinated
} 20-8-31
} Controls
Virus exposure
Date
..
17-11-31
..
Method
Subarachnoid .
{ Subarachnoid .
Intravenous .
Subarachnoid .
} Subarachnoid .
Intravenous .
Dose (c.c.)
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.5
Results
R. * 9 days.
R. * 9 days.
Lived.
R. * 8 days.
R. * 8 days.
Lived.
* Rabies.
TABLE V.
Street virus 27039B71 (10 per cent. emulsion).
Dog
184 . .
308 . .
381 . .
420 . .
350 . .
351 . .
331 . .
307 . .
Vaccinated
}
20-8-31
}
Controls
Virus exposure
Date
..
17-11-31
..
Method
Subarachnoid .
{ Subarachnoid .
Intravenous .
Intramuscular .
Subarachnoid .
{ Subarachnoid .
Intravenous .
Intramuscular .
Dose (c.c.)
0.1
0.2
0.5
1.0
1.0
0.2
0.5
1.0
Results
R. * 12 days.
R. * 15 days.
Lived.
Lived.
R. * 16 days.
R. * 14 days.
Lived.
R. * 52 days.
* Rabies.
CANINE RABIES EXPERIMENTAL VACCINATION
283
TABLE VI.
Street virus 50012D223 and 214 (10 per cent. emulsion).
Dog
185 . .
362 . .
285 . .
284 . .
Vaccinated
}
20-8-31
} Controls
Virus exposure
Date
..
17-12-31
..
Method
{ Subarachnoid .
Subarachnoid .
{ Subarachnoid .
Subarachnoid .
Dose (c.c.)
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
Results
R. * 19 days.
Lived.
R. * 21 days
R. * 16 days.
* Rabies.
TABLE VII.
Street virus 27039B82 (1 per cent. emulsion).
Dog
292 . .
364 . .
192 . .
361 . .
377 . .
294 . .
Vaccinated
} 20-8-31
} Controls
Virus exposure
Date
..
15-4-32
..
Method
Intramuscular
.
{ Intramuscular .
Intramuscular .
Intramuscular .
{ Intramuscular .
Intramuscular .
Dose (c.c.)
2.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
Results
Lived.
Lived.
Lived.
Lived.
Lived.
Lived.
284 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III
TABLE VIII.
Summary of results of initial exposures (Tables II to VII inclusive).
Dogs
Died of rabies . . .
Died (rabies not proved) . .
Lived
.
.
.
.
.
Vaccinated
20
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
7
35
0
0
13
65
Controls
20
11
55
1
5
8
40
INCURATION PERIODS FOLLOWING ARTIFICIAL EXPOSURES.
The average period of time from exposure until death in 117 proved cases
of rabies in dogs was 21.5 days. The usual period was between 13 and 25 days.
In 13 dogs (Table XII) showing a period of 30 days or more, the average was
59.8 days.
One dog showed a period of 223 days.
Twelve dogs showed an average of 46.3 days.
In 104 dogs showing a period of less than 30 days, the average was 16.7 days.
Four of these were exposed to fixed virus and died in an average of 8.5 days.
In 100 dogs showing a period of less than 30 days, and which were exposed to
street virus, the average period until death was 17 days.
DISCUSSION.
There undoubtedly has been a greater increase in the number of centers of
infection throughout the country, and the number of cases of rabies both in animals
and in humans, since the single-dose rabies vaccine came into use, than for any
other equal period of time known; yet the States are better equipped with
transmissible disease control organizations for combating animal diseases. This
increase may be partly due to a feeling of false security built up through the use
of the single-injection vaccine.
We are convinced that the use of the canine rabies vaccines now on the market
does not offer a successful means for the control and suppression of rabies.
If sanitary officials are going to cope successfully with the rabies situation to
prevent an increase in the number of centers of infection, they must apply more
strict sanitary police measures.
CANINE RABIES EXPERIMENTAL VACCINATION
285
TABLE IX.
Results of subsequent exposures of survivors of previous experiments.
VACCINATED 20TH AUGUST 1931
Dog
242
452
195
318
453
Date
16th November 1931
21st July 1932 .
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933 .
16th November 1931
21st July 1932 .
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933 .
16th November 1931
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
16th November 1931
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
16th November 1931
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
Virus*
50012
57382
58982
58982
50012
57384
58982
58982
50012
B82
B88
58982
50012
B82
.B88
58982
58982
50012
B82
B88
58982
58932
Emul-
sion (%)
10
1
10
10
10
1
10
10
10
1
1
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
1
1
10
10
Dose
(c. c.)
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.25
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.25
0.2
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.5
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
1.0
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
Method†
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
SA
IM
IM
SA
SA
IM
IM
SA
SA
SA
IM
IM
SA
SA
SA
Result
Alive 7th August 1933.
Alive 7th August 1933.
D. ( ? ) § 15th November
1932.
Alive 7th August 1933,
Alive 7th August 1933.
CONTROLS
Dog
223
214
297
258
436
Date
16th November 1931
16th November 1931
16th November 1931
16th November 1931
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
16th November 1931
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
Virus
50012
50012
50012
50012
B82
B88
58982
58982
50012
B82
B88
58982
58982
Emul-
sion (%)
10
10
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
1
1
10
10
Dose
(c. c.)
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.5
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
1.0
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
Method
SA
SA
IM
IM
IM
SA
SA
SA
IM
IM
SA
SA
SA
Result
R. ‡ 22 days.
R. ‡ 21 days.
D. ( ? ) § 10 days.
Alive 7th August 1933.
Alive 7th August 1933.
NOTE.—Previous history of dogs 242, 452, .195, 318, 453, 223, 214, 297, 258, and 436 given in
table II.