NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
286 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III
TABLE IX.
Results of subsequent exposures of survivors of previous experiments—continued.
Dog
237
174
381
420
Date
16th November 1931
15th April 1932
21st July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
17th November 1931
15th April 1932
21st July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
17th November 1931
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
17th November 1931
15th April 1932 .
20th July 1932 .
14th October 1932 .
VACCINATED 20TH AUGUST 1931
Virus*
51371
51371R
57384
58982
58982
1850EE5
(Pasteur)
1850EE5
(Pasteur)
57384
58982
67074
B71
B82
B88
58982
67074
B71
B82
B88
58982
Emul-
sion (%)
10
2.5
1
10
10
10
2.5
1
10
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
1
1
10
Dose
(c. c.)
0.5
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
0.5
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
0.5
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
1.0 2.0
0.2
0.2
Method†
IV
IV
SA
SA
SA
IV
IV
SA
SA
SA
IV
IV
SA
SA
SA
IM
IM
SA
SA
Result
Alive 7th August 1933.
Alive 7th August 1933.
R. ‡ 13 days.
R. ‡ 16 days.
CONTROLS
Dog
277
391
331
307
Date
16th November 1931
15th April 1932
21st July 1932
14th October 1932 .
17th November 1931
15th April 1932
21st July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
17th November 1931
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
17th November 1931
Virus
51371
51371R
57384
58982
1850EE5
(Pasteur)
1850EE5
(Pasteur)
57384
58982
67074
B71
B82
B88
58982
67074
B71
Emul-
sion (%)
10
2.5
1
10
10
2.5
1
10
10
10
1
1
10
10
10
Dose
(c. c.)
0.5
1.0 0.2
0.2
0.5
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
0.5
1.0 0.2
0.2
0.25
1.0
Method
IV
IV
SA
SA
IV
IV
SA
SA
SA
IV
IV
SA
SA
SA
IM
Result
D. ( ? ) § 14 th December
1932.
Alive 7 th August 1933.
Alive 7th August 1933.
R. ‡ 52 days.
NOTE.—Previous history of dogs 237 and 277 given in table III; of dogs 174 and 391 in table IV ;
of dogs 381, 420, 331 and 307 in table V.
CANINE RABIES EXPERIMENTAL VACCINATION
287
TABLE IX.
Results of subsequent exposures of survivors of 'previous experiments—concluded.
Dog
362
292
364
192
Date
17th December 1931
21st July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
14th October 1932 .
26th June 1933
VACCINATED 20TH AUGUST 1931
Virus*
50012
57384
58982
67074
B82
B88
58932
67074
B82
B88
58982
B82
B88
58982
67074
Emul-
sion (%)
10
1
10
10
1
1
10
10
1
1
10
1
1
10
10
Dose
(c. c.)
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
2.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
4.0
0.2
0.2
4.0
0.2
0.2
0.25
Method†
SA
SA
SA
SA
IM
SA
SA
SA
IM
SA
SA
IM
SA
SA
SA
Result
Alive 7th August 1933.
Alive 7th August 1933.
R. ‡17 days.
Alive 7th August 1933.
CONTROLS
Bog
284
361
377
294
Date
17th December 1931
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
2nd November 1932
13th April 1932
20th July 1932
2nd November 1932
15th April 1932
20th July 1932
Virus
50012
B82
B88
58082
B82
B88
58982
B82
Emul-
sion (%)
10
1
1
10
1—1
1
10
1
Dose
(c. c.)
0.2
2.0
0.2
0.2
4.0
0.2
0.2
4.0
Method
SA
IM
SA
SA
IM
SA
SA
IM
Result
R. ‡ 16 days.
D. ( ? ) § 24th November
1932.
D. ( ? ) § 16th November
1932.
D. during inoculation.
NOTE—Previous history of dogs 362 and 284 given in table VI; of dogs 292, 364, 192, 361, 377
and 294 in table VII.
* B71, B82, etc. =71st or 82nd passage through rabbits .
† SA = Subarachnoid; IM = Intramuscular; IV = Intravenous.
‡ Rabies.
§ ( ? ) = Rabies not proved.
H
288 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III
TABLE X.
(Table IX condensed). Results of subsequent exposures of survivors of previous
experiments.
Vaccinated 20th August 1931.
Dog
242
452
195
318
453
237
174
381
420
362
292
364
192
Table
II
II
II
II
II
III
IV
V
V
VI
VII
VII
VII
Exposures
Num-
ber
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
3
4
Last
26th
June
1933.
26th June
1933.
14th October
1932.
26th June
1933.
26th June
1933.
26th June
1933.
26th June
1933.
26th June
1933.
14th October
1932.
26th
June
1933.
26th June
1933.
14th October
1932.
26th June
1933.
Result
Alive
7th
August 1932.
Alive
7th
August 1932.
D. ( ? )†
15 th Novem-
ber 1932.
Alive
7th
August 1932.
Alive
7th
August 1933.
Alive
7th
August 1933.
Alive
7 th
August 1933.
R. *13days.
R. *16days.
Alive
7th
August 1933.
Alive
7th
August 1933.
R.* 17 days .
Alive
7th
August 1933.
Controls
Dog
223
214
297
258
436
277
391
331
307
284
361
377
294
Table
II
II
II
II
II
III
IV
V
V
VI
VII
VII
VII
Exposures
Num-
ber
1
1
1
5
5
4
5
5
1
1
3
3
2
Last
16th Novem-
ber 1931.
16th Novem-
ber 1931.
16th Novem-
ber 1931.
26th June
1933.
26th
June
1933.
14th October
1932.
26th June
1933.
26th, June
1933.
17th Novem-
ber 1931.
17th Decem-
ber 1931.
2nd Novem-
ber 1932.
2nd Novem-
ber 1932.
20th July
1932.
Result
R.* 22 days.
R.*21 days.
D.
(?)†
26th No¬
vember
1931.
Alive
7th
August
1933.
Alive
7 th
August
1933
D.( ? )†
14th Dec-
ember 1932.
Alive
7th
August
1933.
Alive
7 th
August
1933.
R.* 52 days.
R.* 16 days..
D.( ? )†
24th
No-
vember
1932.
D.( ? ) †
16th
No-
vember
1932.
D.
during
inoculation.
* Rabies.
† (?) = Rabies not proved.
CANINE RABIES EXPERIMENTAL VACCINATION
289
TABLE XI.
Summary.
—
Dogs
........
Died of other causes (definite)
....
Balance
Died—rabies proved
Rabies symptoms ; Negri bodies not found; inocula-
ted rabbits survived more than 100 days; rabies
not proved.
Total died
Alive 7th August 1933
Vaccinated
Number
20
0
20
10
1
11
9
Per cent.
...
...
...
50
...
55
45
Controls
Number
20
1
19
11
4
15
4
Per cent.
....
...
...
58
...
79
21
Our latest experiments have indicated a possibility of the chloroform-treated
vaccine being somewhat effective as an immunizing agent against certain strains
of street virus. There possibly has been some indication that exposure to some
strains of street virus builds some resistance to later exposures. Generally
speaking, however, dogs which have resisted exposure to a comparatively large
dose of a potent virus have later succumbed to rabies infection when exposed to
a comparatively small dose of virus. Some dogs succumbed after resisting
several exposures.
I
290 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, III.
TABLE XII.
Data on 13 dogs with incubation period of 30 days or more.
Dog.
18
25
33
21
95
108
81
239
240
307
357
232
262
Exposed.
20th November 1928
20th November 1928
20th November 1928
20th November 1928
20th November 1928
20th November 1928
18th April 1929
19th April 1929
19th April 1929
17th November 1931
20th July 1932
22nd September 1932
2nd November 1932
Virus.
27993
27993
27993
27993
27993
27993
29995
29952
27039*
B71
B88
58982
58982
Method.
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Intraperitoneal
Intravenous
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Dog bite
Subarachnoid
Subarachnoid
Intramuscular
Subarachnoid
Subarachnoid
Subarachnoid
Dose (c.c).
1.0
0.25
0.25
1.0
0.5
0.25
..
0.25
1.0
1.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
Died.
21st December 1928
20th December 1928
6th January 1929 .
30th December 1928
29th December 1928
30th December 1928
30th June 1929
13th June 1929
8th July 1929
8th January 1932 .
24th August 1932 .
3rd May 1933 .
5th December 1932
Days.
31
30
47
40
39
40
73
55
80
52
35
223
33
* Submaxillary gland extract.
TABLE XIII.
Data on rabbits with prolonged incubation periods.
Rabbit.
7190
7198
7288
7290
7594
8294
10499
10503
10996
12193
Exposed.
20th November 1928
22nd November 1928
28th December 1928
28th December 1928
15th March 1929 .
20th November 1929
17th November l931
17th November 1932
15th April 1932
5th May 1933
Virus.
27993
27993
27993
27993
29870
33795
50012
50012
1850EE
58982D232
Method.
Intraocular
Subdural .
Subdural .
Subdural .
Subdural .
Subdural .
Subdural .
Subdural .
Subdural .
Subdural .
Dose (c.c.).
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.20
0.20
0.25
0.25
Died.
14 th February 1929
29th December 1928
22nd July 1929
3rd February 1929
31st Way 1929
29th December 1929
22nd January 1932 .
16th February 1932
13th June 1932
24 th July 1933
Days.
86
37
206
37
77
39
66
91
59
80
A few dogs in both the vaccinated and control groups have resisted numerous
exposures. It seems that if a dead virus will successfully immunize against rabies,
a stronger resistance should exist in dogs which have survived successive exposures
to a living virus.
Quite frequently cases of rabies have been reported in vaccinated dogs which
were exposed to the bite of a rabid dog previous to vaccination, but very little
data have been furnished on dogs which have been exposed to natural infection
subsequent to vaccination.
CANINE RABIES EXPERIMENTAL VACCINATION
291
In our experiments, all inoculated dogs were kept in individual locked cages
made of wire cloth. No cases of rabies developed in healthy dogs which were
placed in cages previously occupied by rabid dogs, and no cases developed in
healthy dogs kept in separate cages in close contact with cages containing dogs
showing physical symptoms of rabies.
There was no evidence in any case of harmful effects following the use of
vaccine. All vaccinated dogs remained healthy from the standpoint of rabies until
after exposure to rabies virus.
CONCLUSIONS.
Conclusions at this time can be no more than tentative.
Our experiments indicated that the carbolized vaccines used did not immunize
against rabies.
The experimental use of chloroform-treated vaccine has offered somewhat more
encouraging results than the carbolized vaccine, but not sufficient to warrant
confidence in it to the exclusion of sanitary and police measures. Apparently no
harmful effects are caused by the vaccine, and it is doubtful if enough good can
come from its use to justify the expense involved.
Sanitary officials should not rely on vaccination as a means of rabies control.
Effective quarantine has successfully controlled rabies in districts where
enforced.
All dogs known to have been exposed to rabies should be killed.
The usual 100-day quarantine does not furnish positive assurance that cases
of rabies will not develop later, although for practical purposes it probably should
not be increased.
There undoubtedly is a successful way of immunizing dogs against rabies, but
neither the proper method nor the proper vaccine seems to have been found.
Several directions of future study have been indicated by past results, and we
hope to continue our work on canine diseases, but we are not encouraged with, the
results obtained in testing the immunizing properties of canine rabies vaccines now
on the market.
REFERENCE.
Barne, M.F., Metcalfe, A.N., and Lentz, W. J. : Investigations of canine diseases with special
reference to rabies. Preliminary report. Jour. A.V.M.A. .Ixxvi (1930), n. s. 29(1),
pp. 34-52.
ABSTRACTS
The present status of anthelmintic medication for gastro-intestinal parasites of the
horse. WRIGHT, W. H. J. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. LXXXIV, 11-24 (1934).
In spite of a considerable demand there is scarcely any drug or combination of drugs which is effec-
tive both for removal of bots and ascarids on the one hand and the Strongyles and Cylicostomes on the
other.
Method of Administration. The stomach-tube is the method of choice. For parasites of stomach and
small intestine fast for 18-24 hours, for those of large intestine fasting for 36 hours is necessary. The
usual procedure is to administer treatment twice a year.
Contraindications for treatment. General. Very young or very old, weak animals and those suffer-
ing from febrile symptoms. The treatment of animals suffering from severe parasitic infestation should
be discretionary.
Contraindications in the case of the following drugs are stated against them.
Carbon disulphiae. Animals suffering from gastro-enteritis, gastric or intestinal colic. Advanced
pregnancy. Fats and oils should be avoided.
Carbon tetrachloride. Icterus, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver. Animals with low blood calcium
content.
N-butylidene chloride. Chronic constipation.
Oil of chenopodium. Constipation, gastro-enteritis, febrile conditions, pregnancy, highly bred animals
of nervous temperament as Well as phlegmaftic animals of ordinary breeds.
Tetrachlorethylene. Although this drug is less effective it may be used in case where carbon tetra-
chloride is contraindicated.
Specific therapy.
Tapeworms. Specific drugs are oil of turpentine, arecanut, kamala and oleoresin of male fern.
Boots, Stomach worms and Ascarids. Carbon disulphide is the best drug.
Strongyles and Cylicostomes. Oil of chenopodium is very effective.
Pin worms. Drugs effective are oil of chenopodium and oil of turpentine. [ G. D. B.]
Recent advances in the knowledge of anthelmintics. MÖNNING, H. O. J. S. Afri. Vet.
Med. Assoc. 4,206-209 (1933).
The best way to study anthelmintics is to proceed in a systematic way by building up a
likely series of compounds and testing their properties. In this manner the drugs such as carbon
tetrachloride, tetrachlorethylene, N-butyl and N-butylidene chloride were discovered. Another way
of approaching the problem is by studying the metabolism of the parasites. For example tapeworms
have a large requirement of calcium. A suitable calcium compound having an anthelmintic action may
therefore be built up which will be readily absorbed by them and thus kill them.
Carbon tetrachloride. Produces central necrosis and fatty changes in the liver. Three different
reactions of the drug are described. This drug is safe for sheep, goats and poultry, but is highly toxic
for cattle.
( 292 )
ABSTRACTS.
293
Tetrachlorethylene. This drug is much safer than carbon-tetrachloride, especially in cases of young
animals.
Hexachlorethylene. This seems to be the best drug known at present for liver flukes in cattle. It
however taints the milk slightly.
N—butylidene chloride. Removes ascarids and hookworms of the dog, strongyles of horses and
ascarids of fowls.
Hexyl-resorcinal. This is a useful remedy for ascarids, hookworms and pinworms of man and
nodular worms in sheep.
Hexyl-meta-cresol. This drug has all the good and none of the bad qualities of hexylresorcinol.
[ G. D. B.]
The effect of nematode infestation on mineral metabolism. SHEARER, G. D. &
STEWARD, J. 3rd Rep. of Dir. Inst. Anim. Path. Univ. Cambridge, 87-129 (1933).
It has been experimentally shown that heavy nematode infection in lambs in the 4th stomach or
the intestine retards protein digestion in animals, but has no effect on the other nutritive components
such as ether extracts and nitrogen extractives.
The nematode infestation interferes with the calcium and phosphorus metabolism of the animals,
but has no effect on the sodium and potassium metabolism.
A substance called " Nezyme" extracted from the nematodes of sheep is shown by experiments
in vitro to inhibit the action of pepsin. The excretion of this substance renders the animals incapable of
fully digesting the proteins which eventually brings about their emaciation and poor condition in
general. [ G. D. B.]
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTIBILITY CO-EFFICIENTS
303
leading to this paper, a fairly elaborate scheme was set up, in which it was ensured
that the normal condition of the animals was maintained. This will be seen from
the nitrogen balance and live weight figures, etc. (Appendices I and II). Six
animals were divided into three groups, each group receiving in turn 1 lb., 2 lbs. and
3 lbs. linseed cake as concentrate with paddy straw ad lib as roughage. The animals
were so chosen that at the time of starting the experiment the total live weight
under each group was more or less the same. Further sufficient interval was
provided between one test and another in order to eliminate as far as possible the
residual effect of the previous feed. Sufficient quantities of straw and cake from
the same source were stored in advance to ensure a uniform quality of feed during
the entire period of the trial.
The following represents the design of the scheme :—
1st Test
1 lb.
D 3
cake
D 6
21b.
D 1
cake
D 2
31b.
D 7
cake
D 8
2nd Test
1 lb.
D 7
cake
D 8
21b.
D 3
cake
D 6
31b.
D 1
cake
D 2
3rd Test
1 lb.
D 1
cake
D 2
21b.
D 7
cake
D 8
3 lb.
D 3
cake
D 6
The whole arrangement was on a restricted randomised basis distributed in
a cyclic order whereby all the animals were in turn under 1 lb., 2 lb. and 3 lb.
combinations. This provided on one side, the same kind and quality of both
roughage and concentrate and on the other, reduced the chances of error to a
minimum whether with respect to the animals or their feeds.
296 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, IV.
gators like Kellner and Armsby have described the estimation of clover hay and
meadow hay respectively on this basis and their statements do not refer to any
serious difficulty, although with a combined feed the latter has remarked that " the
determination of digestibility of a concentrate in this way is less accurate
and the range of uncertainty thus introduced may be very wide". The present
authors have found that apart from such difficulties (in combined feeds) the results
obtained with a single feed like paddy straw also have varied widely; and in the
case of the protein fraction the matter has been further complicated with a large
number of negative values. With the addition of a concentrate and working with
assumed values of published standards for the latter, the results have also not been
satisfactory; and as will be explained later on, it seems doubtful if outside standards
are suitable under the conditions of our experiments.
These difficulties led to the trial by another method of experimentation based on
the graphical analysis of the data; and the results so far appear to hold out
a promise of a greater degree of accuracy. As a natural corollary to the graphical
solution, multiple regression equations were later on used at the suggestion of
Professor P. C. Mahalanobis and Mr. S. Bose of the Presidency College, Calcutta,
and the present paper deals with the various aspects of these results.
It is necessary at this stage to touch briefly on some of the salient points
leading to the initiation of the methods.
With the start of the Animal Nutrition Section at Dacca by a grant from the
Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, India, the first attention was necessarily
directed towards the behaviour of paddy straw since it formed the staple fodder of
the province.
Experiments were conducted on bullocks which were more or less representative
of the type of animals used throughout the province. The reason for this was that
any results obtained which could be reasonably accepted as reliable could then be
applied to the cattle population of the whole province.
As pedigreed animals are rare in Bengal (even the Departmental herd might not
yet be accepted as such) and also as such animals are somewhat inclined to delicacy
in feeding it was considered that it was better to use the ordinary country animals
than to have recourse to pedigreed herd of the Department.
Experiments with paddy straw as the sole feed as well as in combination with
other feeds were started. The object was amongst others to determine the diges-
tibilities of the different feeds, both singly and in combination by the method in
vogue, viz., the estimation of the digestibility of the single feed, say, paddy straw
at first, then repeating the experiment with the addition of a concentrate, say,
linseed cake, the computation of the second being made by a corresponding deduc-
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTIBILITY CO-EFFICIENTS
297
tion of the values of the first, or, as is often done by applying the published values
of " known " standards for the concentrate and then calculating by elimination the
digestibilities of the roughage.
ROUGHAGE AS A SINGLE FEED.
When a roughage like paddy straw is used as a single feed, the insufficient supply
of the protein fraction in it in particular appears to be seriously reflected on the
animal system, in consequence of which not only is there an adverse mtrogen
balance but sometimes even the faeces show more nitrogen than is supplied in the
feed. The result is that the digestibility of protein often records a negative value.
We conducted six digestion trials and their main features are set forth in the follow-
ing table, and for comparison some figures of Warth [1923] and Lander and Dhar¬
mani [1931] are also incorporated.
TABLE I.
Co-efficient of digestibility of paddy straw when given as a single feed.
—
1
Bengal
{
—
2
Dacca
{
Rangpur
{
Pusa
(Table IV & V of original) {
Lyallpur
(Kangra
rice
straw){
Table VI of original.
Date
3
19-5-1932
18-7-1932
12-6-1932
18-7-1932
10-8-1932
10-8-1932
1923
1923
9-11-1929
9-11-1929
9-11-1929
Exp.
No.
4
IV
XII
VIII
XII
XIII
XIII
VI
..
..
..
..
Animal
5
D 7
D 7
D 8
D8
R 1
R 2
Kailash
Mahadev
Heifer 122
Heifer 128
Heifer 133
Dry
matter
6
47.93
35.69
43.69
28.92
52.24
46.21
51.30
46.90
41.79
40.83
45.56
Crude
protein
7
+5.86
—31.26
—3.74
—35.87
—7.22
—7.71
—2.82*
—3.05*
—14.29
—25.00
—18.18
Ether
extract
8
55.32
48.09
49.26
34.49
36.00
25.58
59.90
59.90
40.00
50.00
50.00
Crude
fibre
9
64.57
56.21
59.29
45.67
69.95
62.78
75.50
72.10
60.30
57.84
64.03
* These two figures are actual amount (in gms.) representing digestion and not the digestibility
co-efficients. The negative aspect is the main point shown here.
298 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [ IV, IV.
In this experiment (with paddy straw as the sole feed) the feeding was carried
out for four months and eighteen days (11th April to 28th August 1932) at Dacca and
for four months (25th April to 25th August 1932) at Rangpur. At Dacca the
digestion and metabolism experiments were conducted twice while at Rangpur only
once. The two tests on the same animals at Dacca has enabled a better comparison
of the fluctuation of digestibility and it will be noted that in the case of D 7 , during
an interval of two months between one test and another, the digestibility (of dry
matter—to take one component) showed a decline from 47.93 per cent. to 35.69 per
cent. (Column 6, Table I) or 25.54 per cent. over the first digestion, whereas in the
case of D 8 during a course of five weeks' interval it has gone down from 43.69 per
cent. to 28.92 per cent. or 33.81 per cent. over the first digestion. The protein figures
have been negative in all except in one test and the digestion of all other com-
ponents have gone down naturally reflecting in a gradually decreasing availability
of total digestible nutrients and net energy (Table II, Columns 4 and 6).
DETERMINATION OF DIGESTIBILITY CO-EFFICIENTS
299
TABLE II. †
Animal
No.
1
D 7 {
D 8
{
R 1 .
R 2
.
Period
2
1st Test . .
2nd Test . .
1st Test . .
2nd Test . .
..
..
Crude protein
digested
3
gms.
+5.228
—22.757
—2.788
—23.365
—5.832
—6.350
Total
digestible
nutrient
per day
4
lbs.
2.76
1.91
2.22
1.36
2.94
2.69
Nutritive
ratio
(round
figure).
5
1:238
—1:39*
—1:332*
—1:27*
—1:230*
—1:193*
Net energy per day in
therms
Actual
obtained
6
1.64
0.87
1.24
0.40
1.97
1.74
Required at
6 therms
per 1,000 lbs.
Live weight
7
3.09**
2.94**
3.01**
2.88**
2.92**
2.92**
At start
11th April
***
8
lbs.
402.8
..
390.0
25th April
370.6
375.4
Live weight
At the end
28th August
***
9
lbs.
317.8
..
310.7
25th August
333.1
334.3
Loss
or
gain
(whole
period)
10
lbs.
85.1
79.3
..
37.5
41.1
* The negative calculation has been preferred to show the numerical extent of negative proportion with respect to protein.
** These values have been calculated on the weights recorded during the periods of test and based on the proportion of 2/3rd power of'
live weights.
† This table read with graph (I) will show that there is a marked tendency of the lowering of the digestion.
*** First week's average.
**** Last week's average.