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contains a few dark clots, but the endocardial lining is pale and free from ecchynioses. The
right ventricle.—The walls are somewhat hypertrophied and the cavity contains bright orange-
coloured blood clots. The upper portion of the walls is the seat of a few dark sub-endo-
cardial extravasations; these are surrounded by a lighter-coloured red zone. The valves are
healthy. Left auricle presents a healthy appearance. Left ventricle.—The walls are
hypertrophied, but with the exception of a few bright orange-coloured blood clots, its cavity
is empty. The upper half is the seat of extensive, dark-coloured sub-endocardial extravasa-
tions which are particularly well marked behind the chordge tendineæ and on the portion of
the structure lying under the bicuspid curtains. The upper portion of both musculi-
papillares also presents the same changes.
The abdominal cavity is free from fluid.
Liver weighs 14 lbs. 11 ozs., is enlarged. The right lobe is the seat of old perihepatitis,
but the left is free and presents a healthy appearance.
On section the tissues appear fairly normal.
Spleen weighs 2 lbs. ½ oz. The organ is normal in size, but the surface of the capsule
appears pale, with the exception of a few dark purple-coloured petechias.
Kidneys.—Right weighs 1 lb. 15½ ozs. and the left 2 lbs. 3 ozs. Both organs are tinged
yellow, the capsules strip easily and reveal very large numbers of small red-coloured spots,
the size of a small pin's head covering the whole external surface, but on section they do not
appear to involve the deeper structures.
The Stomach.—On section the organ is somewhat distended with semi-digested food.
The cuticular portion is healthy in appearance, and the villous also, with the exception that
there is a tumor (Spiroptera megastoma) invading the structure of the mucous membrane
of the latter portion, lying close up to the line of demarcation.
The small intestines present a few small patches of congestion, but no ulceration.
Cæcum, perfectly healthy in appearance.
Colon.—There are large patches invading the mucous membrane, red in colour, highly
congested but no sign of ulceration or free blood in the lumen of the tube.
Rectum.—Here also there are a few small purple-coloured petechias but no ulceration.
Bladder.—Empty.
On section, some of the vessels lying under the mucous membrane
are injected. At the fundus of the organ there is a patch of extravasation measuring ½" ½ ",
dark purple in colour, due to the presence of blood beneath the lining membrane.
No parasites have been observed in the entire length of the intestinal tract although
carefully looked for.
Remarks.—This animal, an Australian Gelding, aged twelve years, belonged to the
Bombay Tramway Company, and was purchased in November 1886. On the 6th December
1892, it was first noticed to be ill and was at once removed into the Infirmary at the
Colaba Stables, and on microscopical examination of the blood the Surra hæmatozoon
was discovered. On admission to the Laboratory Hospital on the morning of the 7th, the
animal presented advanced symptoms of the disease, viz., a heavy, dull and semi-somnolent
appearance, head hanging, eyes half closed, coat staring, considerable swelling and œdema
of the extremities, sheath and under-surface of the abdomen. The urine acid, and almost
solid owing to the presence of albumen, and the blood swarming with hæmatozoa. The same
evening the temperature registered 41.3°C., P. 68, R. 24, and the treatment was at once
commenced, four grains of Arsenic being given with the drinking water. On the morning
of the 8th, the temperature had fallen over two degrees, but the pulse and respirations still
remained high. The hæmatozoa were numerous in the blood. The same evening the
thermometer registered 40.5°C. P. 72. R. 33. The Arsenic was repeated. On the morning
of the 9th, the condition of the animal was unchanged. Temp. 39.6°C. P. 60. The
respirations had, however, fallen to 16 per minute and the hæmatozoa were few in the
blood. At 5 P.M. the same evening, the temperature was 41.3°C, P. 72. R. 20. The dose
of Arsenic was increased to grains six bis die. During the night a remarkable fall in the
temperature took place 4.3°C. (7.7°F.). The pulse registered 44 and the respirations
12 per minute, and the hæmatozoon had disappeared from the blood. At the same time the
urine, which was solid on the day previous, now contained only -|th albumen. The
temperature rose again in the evening a little over two degrees, but the pulse and respirations
were but slightly increased. During a period of thirteen days the hæmatozoon remained
absent until death occurred on the 22nd December. The condition of the animal was
unchanged. The temperature was marked by morning remissions and evening exacerbations
and oscillated between 40.3°C. and 36.8°C. until the evening of the day previous to death,
when it gradually rose and attained a maximum of 39.6°C. P. 80. R. 40. The Arsenic
was continued throughout this period, and the albumen varied from ½ to 1/9th, no casts were
observed on microscopical examination until the 17th December, when a few epithelial and
blood casts were discovered, followed later by granular ones.