NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
7
Several outbreaks in the Bellary Circle could not be
attended to for want of time and staff. The reasons attributed
to non-attendance of other outbreaks were the same as those
stated in previous years, viz., non-receipt of progress reports
and receipt of intimation that the disease subsided.
23. Rinderpest.—The number of deaths reported was
21,476 against 23,724 in the previous year. Although there
was some decrease in the mortality the disease was very
virulent and wide-spread in several districts and but for
prompt measures taken a much larger number of animals
would have succumbed. It may again be remarked here that
the number of reports received was sometimes so large that the
existing staff was found inadequate to cope with the work
involved. With a larger staff the mortality could have been
considerably lessened in spite of the severity of the disease.
24. Nellore district suffered the most losing 4,800 cattle.
The districts of Malabar and Chingleput came next with 3,361
and 2,840 respectively. The disease was less virulent in
Kurnool. Bellary and South Kanara districts than in the pre-
vious year.
25. Rinderpest also broke out in Madras during the year
and was wide-spread throughout the city. To further inocula-
tion being freely accepted, propaganda work in the form of
lectures illustrated by aid of lantern slides was done in eight
different centres of the city by the Professor of Pathology
and his assistants.
20. The Cattle Disease Act was enforced in the districts
of Nellore, Guntur, Cuddapah, Kurnool, Bellary, Anantapur,
Chingleput, North Arcot, Malabar and South Kanara for
varying periods during the year. The Act was also in force
in the Nilgiris and in the Hosur taluk of Salem district
throughout the year.
27. Compulsory inoculation had to be resorted to in all
the badly affected areas of Bellary, Kurnool and South Kanara
districts, the Wynaad taluk of Malabar and the Gudalur taluk
of the Nilgiris. 27,257 animals were inoculated under com-
pulsion. 70 persons were prosecuted for refusing to submit
their animals for inoculation.
28. In all 181,781 inoculations were performed in 749
outbreaks by the serum alone method against 146,119 in 653
outbreaks in the previous year.
11,027 animals were
inoculated in the Madras city alone.
8
29. Five hundred and ninety-seven animals were protected
against rinderpest by the serum simultaneous method of which
231 belonged to Government and the rest to private indi-
viduals.
30. Hæmorrhagic septicæmia.—This disease was res-
ponsible for the loss of 4,84.0 animals against 4,779 in the
previous year. It continued to be severe in Guntur and
Tanjore districts. Nellore and Chingleput districts were also
badly affected. 27,486 inoculations were performed in 155
outbreaks.
31. Anthrax.—This disease is reported to have caused
3,826 deaths against 4,087 in the previous year. Nellore
district alone accounted for 1,033 deaths. In 15 outbreaks
1,669 animals were inoculated for this disease.
32. Black-quarter.—The mortality under this head has
been very high, the number of deaths recorded being 8,502
against, 2,332 in the previous year. Chittoor district alone
lost 2,745 animals. 17,534 animals were inoculated by the
' Serum alone ' method in 159 outbreaks. In addition 455
animals were protected with germ free filtrate or aggressin
and at the Hosur Cattle Farm 214 cattle and 188 sheep were
given aggressin and serum.
33. Foot-and-mouth disease.—There was an appreciable
decrease in mortality under this head, the figure being 859
during the year under report against 1,390 in 1925-26.
Ganjam district alone returned 343 deaths.
34. There is a marked decrease in the incidence of other
contagious diseases over the figures of the previous year.
35. Glanders.—No cases of this disease were detected.
36. Trypanosomiasis.—The disease was confirmed in 17
ponies, 2 bulls and 1 buffalo. Of the ponies affected 11 were
destroyed and the other cases died.
37. Injectious lymphangitis of cattle.—Twelve cases were
confirmed microscopically.
38. Piroplasmosis.—Sixteen cases in cattle and 8 in dogs
were detected.
39. Kumri.—Sixteen cases were diagnosed.
40. Sheep-pox.—Twelve outbreaks were received during
the year of which 7 were attended.
9
41. Rabies.—The disease was confirmed in 73 dogs, 5
other domestic animals and in 1 jackal. 17 dogs and 1 cow
were given anti-rabic treatment at the various veterinary
institutions; of these animals 1 cow and 1 dog died after
treatment.
V.—MISCELLANEOUS.
42. The Chemical Examiner examined the viscera of 134
animals, on 103 of which the staff of this department conduct-
ed post mortem examination. Poison was detected in 26
cases.
43. The number of convictions under the Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals Act, XI of 1890, was 5,941 of which 3,245
related to Trichinopoly. It is gratifying to note that in 934
cases convicted in Coimbatore district, 825 animals were
remanded to the various institutions in the district for treat-
ment. At my instance the S.P.C.A. is taking steps to persuade
the Magistrates in the other districts to follow the example
set by those in Coimbatore district.
44. Municipal.—During the year the municipalities of
Cannanore and Chittoor have adopted the by-laws relating to
the maintenance of the register of cattle mortality and report-
ing outbreaks of contagious diseases. The total number of
municipalities which have undertaken this work up to 1st
April 1927 is 47.
45. Up to the end of the year only 19 municipalities and
3 union boards were utilizing the services of veterinary
assistant surgeons of this department for the inspection of
animals intended for slaughter for food purposes. I can
only attribute this apathy on the part of the people in
authority towards the services of qualified veterinary surgeons
available for the purpose, as evidence of want of their sense
of public duty.
46. Fairs and Shows.—The Cattle and Pony Show at
Tiruppur was held during the year. The Cattle Disease Act
was enforced at all important cattle fairs in this Presidency
and in all these places hospital pounds were established. On
account of the prevalence of rinderpest the annual cattle
fairs at Kulgunda in South Kanara district and Kizhur in
Malabar district were not held during the year and the weekly
2
10
cattle fairs at Pallavaram, Singaperumalkoil and Wallajahbad
were ordered to be closed temporarily for a period of one
month.
VI.—EXPENDITURE OF THE DEPARTMENT.
47. According to the registers of this office the expenditure
of the department including the Madras Veterinary College
was Rs. 7,33,429-9-1, the previous year's expenditure as
reported by the Accountant-General to Government was
Rs. 6,61,997-10-8. The increase was mainly due to a larger
consumption of anti-rinderpest, hæmorrhagic septicæmia and
black-quarter sera than in the previous year, and to the
opening of the new VI Circle.
The cost of sera and vaccines amounted to Rs. 1,63,442
against Rs. 1,14,207-5-0 in the previous year.
VII.—GENERAL REMARKS.
48. The change effected in the work of the touring staff
referred to in paragraph 17 supra has been in operation for
over a year. The system of camp dispensaries is working
satisfactorily. The same cannot be said of the system of
attaching touring veterinary assistant surgeons to institu-
tions to attend to outbreaks of contagious disease only in the
surrounding taluks and I have already made representations
on this subject to Government.
49. It has been the practice hitherto to show in Table II of
the annual report the mortality relating to Government villages
only, excluding that occurring in Zamindari and Agency
tracts, the reason for this being that the figures relating to
these tracts could not be relied on for want of satisfactory
arrangements to collect them. Now that the Manual of Village
Accounts has been introduced in zamindari villages, the
Government have sanctioned the inclusion of statistics of
mortality in these villages in Table II, but the omission of the
figures relating to the Agency tracts will continue, the Manual
of Accounts not having been introduced in them.
50. During the year 99 reports were made by the staff
against village officers for slackness in reporting outbreaks of
contagious diseases. This number would no doubt have been
larger but for the abolition of the old method of systematic
touring. As the check hitherto exercised by the staff on the
work of village officers in regard to the proper maintenance
11
of cattle mortality registers and the prompt reporting of out-
breaks of cattle diseases will be much less owing to the
abolition of systematic touring, Government have ordered the
Revenue officials to exercise strict control and supervision
over the work of village munsifs in these respects. Govern-
ment have also included a question in the jamabandi check
memorandum with a view to make the Revenue officials check
efficiently the cattle mortality registers.
MADRAS,
16th July 1927.
D. A. D. AITCHISON,
Veterinary Adviser to the Govt. of Madras.
12
ANNUAL ADMINISTRATION REPORT OF THE MADRAS
VETERINARY COLLEGE FOR THE YEAR 1926-27.
General administration.—Mr. F. Ware, the permanent
Principal, returned from Muktesar on 26th November 1926
and continued in his appointment till the end of the year.
2. Mr. P. T. Saunders acted as Principal from 1st April
1926 to 29th June 1926 and again from 10th November 1926
to 25th November 1926, was on leave from 30th June 1926
to 9th November 1926 and held his permanent post of Pro-
fessor of Surgery from 26th November 1926 till the end of
the year.
3. Mr. T. J. Hurley acted as Professor of Surgery from
1st April 1926 to 29th June 1926 and from 10th November
1926 to 25th November 1926 and as Principal from 30th
June 1926 to 9th November 1926. He was attached to the
College as Reserve Officer from 26th November 1926 to 17th
December 1926 when he returned to his permanent appoint-
ment in the department.
4. The post of Professor of Surgery was vacant from 30th
June 1926 to 9th November 1926 when Mr. Saunders was
on leave.
5. M.R.Ry. V. Krishnamurti Ayyar Avargal continued as
Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology throughout the
year.
6. Mr. G. T. D'Silva continued as Assistant Professor
and Personal Assistant to the Principal throughout the year,
but did the duties of the Professor of Surgery from 30th
June 1926 to 9th November 1926 when Mr. Saunders was
on leave.
7. M.R.Ry. M. Anantnarayan Rao Avargal, the Senior
Lecturer, returned from his deputation on 30th June 1926
when he was appointed temporary officer, Madras Veterinary
Service, in the vacancy caused by the grant of leave to
Mr. P. T. Saunders, Professor of Surgery. He did the duties
of the Assistant Professor from that date till 9th November
1926 when the incumbent of the latter post was doing the
duties of the Professor of Surgery and reverted as Senior
Lecturer from 10th November 1926 and continued as such
18
till the end of the year.
His post of Senior Lecturer was
held by the Second Lecturer from 1st April 1926 to 29th
June 1926 and it was vacant from 30th June 1926 to 9th
November 1926.
8. Selection of candidates.—The Committee appointed by
Government for this purpose assembled at Bezwada and
Madras and selected the 15 stipendiary students required for
the year as shown below:—
Brahmans
Non-Brahmans
Indian Christians
Muhammadans
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
4
5
4
2
Fifteen other applicants were admitted as non-stipend-
iary students. To these 30 new admissions must be added
6 failed students from the previous class, bringing the total
to 36.
9. The total number of students in the college on 31st
March 1927 was 73 of whom 30 were Brahmans, 29 non-
Brahmans, 8 Muhammadans, 4 Indian Christians and 2
Anglo-Indians.
10. Professional examinations.—The annual examinations
were held from 21st to 30th March 1927, both days inclusive,
and the following officers constituted the Board:—
Mr. K. Hewlett, Principal, Bombay Veterinary
College.
Mr. D. A. D. Aitchison, Veterinary Adviser to the
Government of Madras.
Mr. F. Ware, Principal, Madras Veterinary
College.
Mr. P. J. Kerr, Veterinary Adviser to the Govern-
ment of Bengal.
M.R.Ry. V. Krishnamurti Ayyar Avargal, Pro-
fessor of Pathology and Bacteriology, Madras
Veterinary College.
President.
Members.
The results of the examination were as follows:—
Class.
A
B
C
Number appeared.
34
19
17
Number passed.
24
16
11
Percentage
70.5
84.2
64.7
The Board of Examiners remarked that the results were
satisfactory.
14
11. During the year, 2 students who graduated from the
College in 1924, 7 who graduated in 1925 and 5 who
graduated in 1926 were provided with appointments in the
Civil Veterinary Department of this Presidency.
12. Work of the Hospital.—The number of cases treated
at the College hospital is shown in the following table:—
—
In-patients .. .. ..
Out-patients .. .. ..
Total ..
Equines.
236
203
439
Bovines.
259
304
563
Others.
424
1,060
1,484
Total.
919
1,567
2,486
13. Work of the Shoeing Forge.—The Shoeing Forge
attached to the College is working satisfactorily. During the
year 1,271 horses were shod and the shoes of 94 horses were
repaired.
14. Work of the Laboratory and Contagious Diseases.—
The following table shows the number of specimens received
and examined in the Laboratory during the year:—
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
From the Staff of the Civil Veterinary
Department, Madras ... ... ...
From the Corporation of Madras ...
From the Agricultural Department ...
From the Forest Department
...
...
From the different wards of the College ...
Total ...
859
151
133
21
1,846
3,010
15. The following table gives the total number of speci-
mens received and examined during the last four years:—
1922-23 ...
1923-24 ...
1,498
1,513
1924-25 ... ...
1925-26 ... ...
1,722
1,878
This shows that the work of the Laboratory has consi-
derably increased.
16. In addition, 50 samples of hides and skins were
examined for the issue of certificates of freedom from
Anthrax before export from Madras.
Fourteen of these were found infected with Anthrax and
as 10 of them were from the same firm the possibility of
the godown being infected was considered and arrange-
ments made to examine it.
15
17. During the year vaccine for the treatment of 22
cases of Bovine Lymphangitis and 14 cases of other infections
were supplied to the staff of the Department and reports
received show that the vaccine treatment for the former was
effective.
18. Sanction was received only in September 1926 for
Conducting Research Work on Tuberculosis among cattle
and no material progress should therefore be made during
the year. However in spite of the heavy routine work which
the staff of the Laboratory had during the year, a study of
the lesions of Tuberculosis as met with among the cattle of
the Madras Corporation was made and the observations show
that the lesions occurring in them in Madras are as widespread
as are usually found amongst English cattle in England.
19. A study of the neoplasms occurring in the animals of
this Presidency was also made during the year and it indi-
cates that Carcinoma is the most prevalent. It has a high
incidence in cattle and the common sites are the horn core
and Membrana Nictitans.
20. A study was also made during the year on the
epidemic that broke out amongst the Bangalore hounds
during the latter half of the year. From the observations
made so far it is not possible to venture any definite opinion
as to the exact nature of the disease from which these hounds
have suffered, though in those that were kept under
observation at this college kidney lesions were found
predominating.
21. During the year towards the beginning of October,
eight animals from the Bangalore Dairying Institute were
sent to this College by the Acting Director, Imperial Institute
of Veterinary Research, for being kept under observation and
investigation by one of his officers and every assistance was
given to this officer by the staff of the Laboratory in the
conduct of his investigations. As one of the animals, a cow,
was found in a dying condition, she had to be destroyed before
the arrival of this officer and on post mortem she was found
to be suffering from Johne's disease.
22. Glanders.—During the year under report, 123 horses
that arrived into the City were tested with mallein by the
Veterinary Assistant Surgeon on Glanders work but no case
of the disease was detected.
16
23. Rabies.—Eight dogs underwent anti-rabic treatment
in the college during the year.
The brains of 21 dogs which had bitten people were sent
to the Pasteur Institute, Coonoor, for examination. Eighteen
were reported to be positive and 3 were unfit for examination
owing to the animal having been destroyed before it was
brought to the college. The brain of a white rat was also
sent but the result was negative.
24. Rinderpest.—This disease broke out in the city
during the year. The Veterinary Assistant Surgeon on
Glanders work with the aid of the college staff and the
special Veterinary Assistant Surgeon posted to help him per-
formed 11,027 inoculations against the disease by the serum
alone method. During the course of the outbreak lantern
lectures were delivered by the staff of the laboratory in the
different parts of the city to educate the public to the nature
of the disease, its spread and prevention.
25. In connexion with the outbreak of this disease there
is one interesting point which needs special mention, i.e.—
Cattle mortality from this disease among country-
breds as was to be expected, was less than that in the
imported and cross-bred cattle, as the following table will
illustrate :—
Number of cattle (milch).
Country bred 9,500 .. ..
Imported and cross-bred 850 ..
Deaths.
140
121
Percentage.
1.47
14.23
26. In order to demonstrate to the public the process of
active immunisation against this disease, two batches of cattle
were inoculated by the serum simultaneous method in the
college. The first batch consisted of Government animals
and the second batch of privately-owned ones and of animals
the property of the Corporation of Madras, and the results
was satisfactory. The Health Officer of the Corporation in
company with the Commissioner visited the second camp and,
being satisfied with the method, has agreed to send the
remaining animals of the Corporation in batches for per-
manent protection against this disease.
27. Trypanosomiasis—Surra.—During the year the Veteri-
nary Assistant Surgeon on Glanders work inspected 1,117
17
horses in the City on his systematic tours. Of these
two showed clinical symptoms of Surra, one of which
died before confirmation, in the other, Surra was confirmed
and the animal destroyed. There was no case of Trypanoso-
miasis during the year amongst the cattle belonging to the
Corporation.
28. Tuberculosis.—Fourteen cases of this disease were
confirmed microscopically and all of them were animals
belonging to the Corporation.
29. Johne's Disease.—About the end of October 1926,
3 cows and a bullock were sent from the Agricultural College,
Coimbatore, by the Veterinary Adviser for observation for
this disease. Two of them died during the year and in them
the disease was confirmed. Of the remaining two, one was
found clinically affected and in the smears made from rectal
washings acid-fast bacilli indistinguishable from Johne's
bacilli have been detected. Formalin treatment, which has
been reported to be successful, is being tried in this case at
the instance of the Veterinary Adviser and although the
animal has shown some improvement in condition after for-
malin injections, it is found that the bacilli are still demons-
trable.
The other cow is still being kept under observation.
30. Anthrax.—Three
cases of Anthrax were recorded
during the year amongst the cattle of the Corporation.
31. Coccidiosis.—Eimeria sp. was recorded in three cattle
during the year.
32. Contagious abortion.—Twenty-three samples of sera
were received for diagnosis for this disease but none of them
gave positive results.
33. Spirochætosis.—This disease was recorded during
the year in four cases in a poultry yard.
34. Cysticercus cellulosæ.—The cystic stage of Tæmia
Solium commonly met with in pigs was recorded during the
year in two pigs. The brain, heart and diaphragm were
affected in one and the heart and lungs in the other.
35. College receipts.—The receipts and fees from the
hospital and the College amounted to Rs. 13,123-9-1.
3
18
36. Expenditure.—The total expenditure of the College
and the hospital is given below:—
Pay
...
...
... ...
Scholarships
...
...
...
Travelling allowance
...
...
Contingencies
...
...
...
Total ...
RS.
60,472
6,384
1,841
19,700
88,398
A.
1
12
7
7
11
P.
0
0
0
9
9
37. Attendance and discipline of students.—Good.
38. General.—The Professor of Pathology and Bacterio-
logy of this College was deputed to attend the Indian Science
Congress held at Lahore during the year and the following
papers were read by him :—
Paper No. 1.—Observations on the tuberculin test with
special reference to the intradermo-palpebral tests conducted
with the ordinary concentrated tuberculin and concentrated
avian tuberculin for the detection of tuberculosis and Johne's
disease in cattle.
Paper No. 2—Bovine Tuberculosis.—Note on the inci-
dence of tuberculosis among cattle of the Madras Corporation
and their susceptibility to tuberculosis.
Paper No. 3.—A note on the occurrence of carcinoma
among cattle in the Madras Presidency.
30. During the year intravenous injections of Novarseno-
billon in doses from .3 to .45 gramme have again proved
efficacious in the treatment of Piroplasma gibsoni infection
in dogs and it is now being tried in Hæmogregarina infections
in the same animal.
40. Four Veterinary Assistant Surgeons of the Civil
Veterinary Department, Madras, and two from the Civil Veteri-
nary Department, Bihar and Orissa, underwent the Post-
Graduate Course held at this College from July to December
1926.
19
41. At the end of the course the usual examination was
conducted by an Examining Board, the members of which
were:—
Mr. D. A. D. Aitchison, Veterinary Adviser to
the Government of Madras
„ F. Ware, Principal, Madras Veterinary
College.
„ P. T. Saunders, Professor of Surgery,
Madras Veterinary College.
„ T. J. Hurley, Reserve Officer, Madras
Veterinary College.
M.R.Ry. V. Krishnamurti Ayyar Avargal,
Professor of Pathology and Bacteriology,
Madras Veterinary College.
Mr. G. T. D'Silva, Assistant Professor and
Personal Assistant to the Principal, Madras
Veterinary College.
President.
Members.
All the 6 candidates presented themselves and were successful
in obtaining the certificates issued by the College.
42. The Board of Examiners remarked that the class was
only moderate, but the men had benefited by attending
the course and that the results of the examination were
satisfactory.
P. T. SAUNDERS, I.V.S.,
for Principal, Madras Veterinary College
1.
THE MADRAS VETERINARY COLLEGE (PART VIEW FRONT).
2.
THE
MADRAS VETERINARY
COLLEGE
LABORATORY.
3.
THE NEW DISSECTION ROOM (INTERIOR VIEW), MADRAS VETERINARY COLLEGE.
4.
THE NEW DISSECTION ROOM (INTERIOR VIEW), MADRAS VETERINARY COLLEGE.
5.
SERUM
SIMULTANEOUS
INOCULATION
CAMP
AT KANGUNDI.