NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
Table showing the Number and Causes of Deaths at the different Ages in 1876 in the Army of Bengal, the Ratio of Deaths to Strength, and the Comparative Liability to Death in
relation to Age from the Chief Causes of Mortality.
DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO AGE OE THE STRENGTH ON 1ST JULY 1876.
Total Strength.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 to 34.
35 to 39.
40 and upwards.
36,741.
673
11,571
12,308
12,189
6,015
4,943
1
, 2 3 1
DEATHS OF 1876, AND THE DEATH-RATES AT THE DIFFERENT AGES.
CAUSES OF DEATHS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS AT THE DIFFERENT AGES.
RATIO PER 1,000 OF THE STRENGTHS ABOVE STATED.
RATIO OF LIABILITY IN PERCENTAGES.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 and
upwards.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 and
upwards.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 and
upwards.
Total=100.
Cholera
.
.
.
1
27
43
44
1.49
2.33
3.50
3.61
13.63
21.32
32.02
33.03
100
Remittent and Continued Fevers . . .
. . .
4
7
15
. . .
.34
.57
1.23
. . .
15.89
26.63
57.48
100
Enteric Fever . . .
1
45
14
4
1.49
3.89
1.14
.33
21.75
56.79
16.64
4.82
100
Apoplexy . . .
1
8
13
43
1.49
.69
1.06
3.53
22.01
10.19
15.66
52.14
100
Delirium Tremens . . .
. . .
. . .
2
2
. . .
. . .
.16
.16
. . .
. . .
50.00
50.00
100
Dysentery and Diarrhœa . . .
. . .
8
16
17
. . .
.69
1.30
1.40
. . .
20.35
38.35
41.30
100
Hepatitis . . .
. . .
10
15
27
. . .
.87
1.22
2.22
. . .
20.19
28.31
51.50
100
Phthisis pulmonalis . . .
. . .
9
12
20
. . .
.78
.97
1.63
. . .
23.08
28.70
48.22
100
Heart disease . . .
. . .
1
7
28
. . .
.09
.57
2.30
. . .
3.04
19.26
77.70
100
All other causes . . .
1
20
52
69
1.49
1.73
4.22
5.66
11.37
13.21
32.21
43.21
100
All causes . . .
4
132
181
269
5.96
11.41
14.71
22.07
11.00
21.07
27.17
40.76
100
All causes, excluding Cholera . . .
3
105
138
225
4.47
9.08
11.21
18.46
10.34
21.01
25.94
42.71
100
Standard of 1871—75, excluding Cholera . . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
6.27
10.76
12.61
21.98
12.15
20.84
24.43
42.58
100
S t a n d a r d o f 1 8 6 5 — 7 0 " . . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
7.61
13.67
17.41
29.94
11.09
19.92
25.57
43.62
1 0 0
S T A T I S T I C S O F T H E B R I T I S H A R M Y I N I N D I A F R O M 1 8 7 1 T O 1 8 7 6 . [ S e c t i o n I .
Table showing the Number and Causes of Deaths at the different Ages in 1876 in the Army of Madras, the Ratio of Deaths to Strength, and the Comparative Liability to Death i
n relation to Age from the Chief Causes of Mortality.
DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO AGE OF THE STRENGTH ON 1ST JULY 1876.
Total Strength.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 to 34.
35 to 39.
40 and upwards.
11,135
384
3,418
3,205
4,128
1,970
1,719
439
DEATHS OF 1876, AND THE DEATH-RATES AT THE DIFFERENT AGES.
CAUSES OF DEATHS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS AT THE DIFFERENT AGES. DIED PER 1,000 OF THE STRENGTHS ABOVE STATED.
RATIO OF LIABILITY IN PERCENTAGES.
U n d e r 2 0 .
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 and
upwards.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 an
d
upwards.
Under 24.
25 to 29.
30 and
upwards.
Total=100.
Cholera . . .
1
9
1
6
2.60
2.63
.31
1.45
*
*
*
*
Remittent and Continued Fevers
. . .
. . .
2
2
1
. . .
.59
.62
.24
*
*
*
*
Enteric Fever . . .
. . .
1 4
7
1
. . .
4.10
2.19
.24
62.79
33.54
3.67
100
Apoplexy . . .
. . .
2
2
17
. . .
.59
.62
4.12
11.07
11.63
77.30
100
Delirium Tremens . . .
. . .
. . .
1
1
. . .
. . .
.31
.24
*
*
*
*
Dysentery and Diarrhœa . . .
. . .
1
10
8
. . .
.29
3.12
1.94
*
*
*
*
Hepatitis . . .
. . .
4
8
10
. . .
1.17
2.50
2.42
19.21
41.06
39.73
100
Phthisis pulmonalis . . .
. . .
1
4
6
. . .
.29
1.25
1.45
9.70
41.80
48.50
100
Heart disease . . .
. . .
2
4
8
. . .
.59
1.25
1.94
15.61
33.07
51.32
100
All other causes . . .
. . .
10
8
23
. . .
2.92
2.50
5.58
26.55
22.73
50.72
100
All causes . . .
1
45
47
81
2.60
13.17
14.67
19.62
27.75
30.91
41.34
100
All causes, excluding Cholera. . . .
. . .
36
46
75
. . .
10.54
14.36
18.17
24.47
33.34
42.19
100
* The numbers are in most cases too small to admit of accurate comparison.
Chapter II.)
A G E A N D L E N G T H O F S E R V I C E A S A F F E C T I N G T H E A R M Y I N I N D I A .
47
Table showing the Number and Causes of Deaths at the different Ages in 1876 in the Army of Bombay, the Ratio of Deaths to Strength, and the Comparative Liability to Death in
relation to Age from the Chief Causes of Mortality.
DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO AGE OF THE STRENGTH OF THE ARMY OF BOMBAY, ON 1ST JULY 1876.
Total Strength.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 to 34.
35 to 39.
40 and upwards.
10,286
128
2,939
3,538
3,681
1,871
1,446
364
DEATHS OF 1876, AND THE DEATH-RATES AT THE DIFFERENT AGES.
CAUSES OF DEATHS.
NUMBER OF DEATHS.
DIED PER 1,000 OF THE STRENGTHS ABOVE
STATED.
RATIO OF LIABILITY IN PERCENTAGES.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 and up
wards.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 and up-
wards.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 and up-
wards.
Total=100.
Cholera . . .
. . .
1
. . .
1
. . .
.34
. . .
.27
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
*
Remittent and Continued Fever . . .
. . .
1
1
1
. . .
.34
.28
.27
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
Enteric Fever . . .
3
8
7
1
23.44
2.72
1.98
. 2 7
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
Apoplexy . . .
. . .
2
1
5
. . .
. 6 8
.28
1. 36
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
Delirium Tremens . . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
Dysentery and Diarrhœa . . .
. . .
1
6
3
. . .
.34
1.70
. 8 2
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
Hepatitis . . .
. . .
2
7
14
. . .
.68
1.98
3. 80
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
Phthisis pulmonalis . . .
. . .
6
1
3
. . .
2.04
.28
.82
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
Heart disease . . .
. . .
1
1
8
. . .
.34
.28
2.17
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
All other causes . . .
. . .
8
12
21
. . .
2.72
3.39
5.70
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
All causes . . .
3
30
3 6
57
23.44
10.20
10.17
15.4
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
All causes, excluding Cholera . . .
3
29
36
56
23.44
9.86
10.17
15.21
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
The numbers are in most cases too small to admit of accurate comparison.
48
S T A T I S T I C S O F T H E B R I T I S H A R M Y I N I N D I A F R O M 1 8 7 1 T O 1 8 7 6 .
[ S e c t i o n I .
50
STATISTICS OF THE BRITISH ARMY IN INDIA FROM 1871 TO 1876.
[Section I.
Perceived, which makes it evident that in all three periods we are dealing with exactly the
same class of fevers, call them by what name we may:—
Enteric Fever of newly-arrived troops.
D I E D P E R C E N T . O F T O T A L D E A T H S .
1871-75.
Standard of 1864-69
(all Fevers).
New Army of 1858 (all
Fevers).
January
6
0
13.7
11.6
8.6
February
4 . 5
March
3.2
April
9.0
70.2
72.7
74.7
May
11.4
June
12.3
July
10.7
August
10.3
September
16.5
October
7.3
1 6 . 1
15.7
16.7
Novemberrr
. 1. 5
December
4.3
TOTAL
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
We do not expect a small admission-rate or a low sick-rate, in the case of newly-arrived
General statistics of newly-ar
-rived regiments, and the ratios
compared with those of 1864-69.
regiments; and we find in many instances very high sick-rates
associated with exceptionally low death-rates. Thus, for
example, four new regiments at Poona between 1871
and 1875, give death-rates ranging from 4.50 to 13 per 1,000, and between them only three
fever deaths, all enteric, in the course of four seasons, while in every case the admission-rate
was high, and. 2,231 cases of fever came under treatment.
The statistics for the five years, 1871—75, are embodied in the table on page 52; and the
ratios for each of the five years face this statement, that they may be compared year by year
and with the aggregate. These are the general ratios for each of the six past years:—
Regiments in the first year of service, 1871—76.
Strength.
Daily sick
per 1,000.
Admission-
rate per 1,000.
DEATH-RATE PER 1,000.
Cholera.
All other
causes.
Excluding
violent deaths.
Army as a
body.*
1871
4,372
51.0
1289.6
None
17.84
17.38
14.63
1872
4,000
62.0
1629.2
9.25
20.25
19.00
15.33
1873
4,608
61.2
1576.9
.43
21.71
19.97
12.80
1874
3,931
69.9
1818.0
.51
25.67
22.88
11.74
1875
4,959
50.8
1299.3
3.83
19.76
18.55
12.43
1876
4,301
63.0
1444.9
3.48
23.24
22.08
11.39
Compared with the monthly sick-rates of 1864—69, the same ratios of 1871—75 stand
thus:—
Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1864-69
48 48 49 57 62 75 72 75 81 81
66 55
1871-75
52 52 49 56 59 61 65 68 68 63
59 51
The annual average shows a diminution of 5 . 5 in the sick-rate for the later of the two
periods.
The dengue of 1872 adds 24 per 1,000 to the admission-rate of 1871-75; omitting this,
the ratio of 1871—75 is 1485 . 5 per 1,000, against 1638 . 1 the ratio for 1864-69. In what
respects these ratios differ is shown here:—
Regiments in the first year, 1864—69, compared with 1871—75.
Admitted per 1.000 of Strength. New army
1864-69.
1871-75.
of 1858.7
Cholera
18.7
3.5
5.0
S m a l l - p o x
3.1
1.0
9.7
A g u e
140.0
5 2 3 . 9 .
1 7 5 . 8 5 0 4 . 1
133 3.3
Remittent and Continued Fevers
383.9
328.3
H e a t A p o p l e x y
16.8
5.0
55.8
D e l i r i n u m T r e m e n s
3.6
2.8
6.2
D y s e n t e r y
6 6 . 2
52.9
231.7
Diarrhcea
153.1
103.1
303.5
H e p a t i t i s
35.6
35.2
69.0
S p l e e n d i s e a s e
1.2
1.1
R e s p i r a t o r y d i s e a s e s
87.3
85.4
92.3
P h t h i s i s
12.2
10.1
6.0
* E x c l u d i n g c h c l e r a a n d v i o l e n t d e a t h s .
† I n t h e F i e l d .
56
Deaths of Regiments in the First and Second Years of Indian Service and their Causes, shown in relation to Age, on the experience of the period 1871—76.
STRENGTH ON ARRIVAL OF REGIMENTS WHICH CAME TO INDIA FROM 1871 TO 1875.
Strength of the body.
Under 20.
20 to 24.
25 to 29.
30 to 34.
35 to 39.
40 and upwards.
5,020
22,758
2,565
10,745
4,428
3,144
1,607
269
DEATHS IN FIRST TWO YEARS OF INDIAN SERVICE, AND THE DEATH-RATES AT THE DIFFERENT AGES.
CAUSES OF DEATH.
NUMBER OF DEATHS.
DIED PER 1,000 OF STRENGTH
IN THE BIENNIAL PERIOD.
RATIO OF LIABILITY IN PERCENTAGES.
Under 20. 20 to 24. 25 to 29. 30 to 34. 35 to 39.
40 and up-wards. Under 24. 25 to 29. 30 to 34.
3 5 a n d u p - w a r d s . Under 24. 25 to 29. 30 to 34.
3 5 a n d u p - w a r d s .
Total= 100.
Cholera . . .
3
68
26
15
23
3
5.34
5.87
4.77
13.86
17.90
19.67
15.98
46.45
100
Remittent and Continued Fevers . . .
1
27
17
4
4
3
2.10
3.81
1.27
3.73
19.20
35.10
11.61
34.09
100
Enteric Fever . . .
8
122
45
5
1
. . .
9.77
10.16
1.59
.53
44.31
46.08
7.21
2.40
100
Apoplexy
. . .
3
25
12
15
17
6
2.10
2.71
4.77
12.26
9.62
12.41
21.84
56.13
100
Delirium Tremens . . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
Dysentery and Diarrhœa
. . .
. . .
24
15
12
13
8
1.80
3.39
3.82
11.20
8.91
16.77
18.90
55.42
100
Hepatitis
. . .
. . .
25
24
14
19
4
1.88
5.42
4.45
12.26
7.83
22.58
18.53
51.06
100
Phthisis Pulmonalis
. . .
. . .
28
7
12
15
1
2.10
1.58
3.82
8.53
13.10
9.86
23.83
53.21
100
Heart Diseases
. . .
. . .
2
10
12
14
3
.15
2.26
3.82
9.06
.98
14.78
24.98
59.26
100
All other Causes . . .
11
69
31
26
33
9
6.01
7.00
8.27
22.39
13.76
16.03
18.94
51.27
100
All Causes . . .
26
390
187
115
139
37
31.25
42.23
36.58
93.82
15.33
20.71
17.94
46.02
100
All Causes, excluding Cholera
. . .
23
322
161
100
116
34
25.91
36.36
31.81
79.96
14.89
20.89
18.28
45.94
100
S T A T I S T I C S O F T H E B R I T I S H A R M Y I N I N D I A F R O M 1 8 7 1 T O 1 8 7 6 .
[Section I,
STATISTICS OF THE BRITISH ARMY IN INDIA FROM 1871 TO 1876.
[Section I.
60
In previous reports I have made the very plain statement, that this Enteric Fever is the
one disease above all others from which the young soldier dies.
I can give no better answer to those who have thought fit on
theoretical grounds to deny the correctness of my assertion,
than to produce here the figures for the period 1871-76, which
thoroughly bear out my deduction :—
Enteric Fever 'is the Disease above all others which contributes to the Death-rate of the Young
Soldier.
DEATHS IN MEN UNDER 25. ARMY OF INDIA, 1871-76.
CAUSES OF DEATH.
1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876
6 Y e a r s . 2 0 a n d u n d e r . 21 22 23 24 Total.
Enteric Fever
69
_ _
68 67 68 52 70 394 110 81 74 61 68 394
Other Fevers
35 30 16 19 20 7 127 29 19 29 27 23 127
Heat Apoplexy
11 20 9 16 18 13 87 16 15 19 9 28 87
Dysentery
24 23 16 17 17 10 107 16 18 16 25 32 107
Hepatitis
21 26 24 19 16 17 123 11 18 29 30 35 123
Phthisis Pulmonalis. 15 16 10 20 25 15 101 13 19 23 30 16 101
Heart Diseases
1 4 2 5 2 3 17 2 2 1 6 6 17
Respiratory Diseases
11 17 6 9 10 5 58 9 12 11 9 17 5 8
All other Diseases
20 27 20 28 29 17 141 22 13 32 37 37 141
ALL CAUSES
207 231 170 201 189 157 1,155 228 197 234 234 262 1,155
NUMBER OF DEATHS IN EACH HUNDRED, DUE TO THE CHIEF CAUSES OF MORTALITY,
Enteric Fever
331 30' 39 34 28 45 34 48 41 32 26 26 34
Other Fevers
18 13 10 0 11 4 11 13 10 12 11 9 11
Heat Apoplexy
5 9 5 8 10 8 8 7 8 8 4 11
8
Dysentery
12 10 10 8 9 6 9 7 9 7 11 12 9
Hepatitis
10 11 14 10 8 11 11 5 9 121 13 13 11
Phthisis
7 7 6 10 13 10 9 6 10 10 13 7
9
Heart Diseases
1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1
2 2
1
Respiratory Diseases
5 7 3 4 5 3 5 4 6 5 4 7
5
All other Diseases
10 12 12 14 15 11 12 9 6 14 16 13 1 2
TOTAL
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
In 1877, 37 per cent. of all deaths of men under 25 were caused by Enteric Fever. Leav--
i n g o u t 1 7 d e a t h s f r o m c h o l e r a a n d 1 8 a c c i d e n t a l a n d s u i c i d a l d e a t h s , 1 2 6 m e n o f t h e A r m y
of India under 25 died, and the total was made up thus :
Enteric Feve
r
. .
4 7 37
Other Fevers
8
Heat Apoplexy
12
Dysentery
3
Hepatitis
12
10
Phthisis Pulmonali
10
8
Heart Disease
2
2
Respiratory Disease
9
8
All other Disease
17
12
TOTAL
126
100
Leaving out cholera and violent deaths, 34 per cent. of all deaths of the Army of India
from 1871 to 1876, under 25 years of age, were caused by Enteric Fever.
Demonstration of the truth of the
as s er t i on made i n pr evi ous r epor t s
that Enteric Fever is the one disease
peculiar to the young soldier in
dia.
Chapter III.] MEDICAL HISTORY OF REGIMENTS AT DIFFERENT PERIODS OF SERVICE. 65
statement, which gives the experience of 42 Regiments whose tour of Indian service
extended over a period of from 8 to 14 years. For Regiments over 10 years' service, the loss
shown is 48 per cent., which seems a normal average. In some of the old Indian Regiments
the loss shown is much in excess of this; the increased ratio is probably owing to all the
men present, and who had already served for a longer or shorter period when these Regiments
were reorganized, being reckoned as the original soldiers of the Regiment, many of whom were
in the natural course of events early removed.
Statement showing the Loss in the course of Indian Service of the Original Body of Men who con
-stituted the Regiment on arrival in India.
LOSS PER CENT. OF THE MEN WHO LANDED WITH THE REGIMENT.
Regiment.
Years in India.
By Death. By Invaliding. Total.
3-60th Regiment
15 years
16
23
39
23rd Brigade, Royal Artillery
14 years
16
27
43
1-19th Regiment
26
30
56
38th „
27
23
50
79th „
25
27
52
107th „
34
33
67
108th „
17
26
43
3rd Battalion, Rifle Brigade
28
14
42
1-7th Regiment
13 years
12
25
37
2-19th „
16
27
43
55th „
19
2 4
43
88th „
27
22
49
95th „
15
21
36
105th „
14
21
35
D. Brigade, Royal Horse Artly
12 years
16
16
32
14th Brigade, Royal Artillery
30
24
44
2nd Dragoon Guards
26
18
5 4
7th Hussars
3 2
17
49
1-11th Regiment
17
27
44
36th „
26
39
65
76th
1 3
36
49
77th „
36
19
55
82nd „
27
25
52
93rd
26
22
4 8
A. Brigade, Royal Horse Artly.
11 years
13
33
46
16th Brigade, Royal Artillery.
19
19
3 8
5th Lancers
22
24
46
16th „
13
28
41
18th Hussars
23
38
61
21st „
24
39
63
106th Regiment
42
32
74
20th Hussars
10 year s
13
30
43
104th Regiment
9 years
15
21
36
26th „
12
29
41
41st „
12
31
43
49th „
9
17
26
58th „
19
26
45
2-10th Regiment
8 years
9
20
29
2-25th „
7
22
29
37th „
17
25
42
96th „
19
31
50
2-24th „
7 years
9
12
21
The final statement shows how a body of 15,529 men, who came to India with their regi
-ments, melted down, until, out of the whole, 3,554 only went on
board ship with the regiments, on their return to England.
These were the survivors out of 23 regiments which
left India in the past six years; seventy-seven per cent. had
disappeared. Thirty-one per cent. had been discharged time-
expired, had volunteered into other regiments, had purchased
their discharge, had deserted or been removed by sentence of Court-martial; of the remaining
46 per cent. of loss, 18 was made up by deaths and 28 by invaliding. This loss of 46 per cent.
approaches nearly to the standard of the preceding table, namely, 48 per cent., of which 22 was
due to deaths and 26 to invaliding.
How a body originally 15,529
strong, representing 23 Regiments
and Brigades of Artillery, was re
-duced in the course of Indian ser
- v i c e
t o 3 , 5 5 4 .
68
STATISTICS OF THE BRITISH ARMY IN INDIA FROM 1871 TO 1876.
[Section I.
Army of Bengal-Died per 1,000.
1860-69 . . .
WOMEN.
CHILDREN.
All causes.
Cholera.
Excluding
cholera.
All causes.
Cholera.
Excluding
cholera.
43.28
12.16
31.12
94.90
11.50
83.40
1870 . . .
32.68
3.69
28.99
81.68
1.59
80.09
1871 . . .
28.53
2.45
26.08
86.11
1.00
85.11
1872 . . .
46.12
15.89
30.23
112.95
16.61
96.34
1873 . . .
22.81
1.04
21.77
67.97
.74
67.23
1874 . . .
20.69
.26
20.43
61.56
.29
61.27
1875 . . .
30.63
7.25
23.38
76.67
7.27
69.40
1876 . . .
22.87
2.29
20.58
59.83
1.82
58.01
1870—76 . . .
29.21
4.74
24.47
77.73
4.26
73.47
Chapter IV.]
THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN OF THE ARMY OF INDIA.
75
The concluding table shows how in the Armies of the Three Presidencies 4,008 deaths
fell in relation to season. The distribution, month by month,
of the chief causes of sickness and mortality is exhibited in
the general table, in which the statistics for the Army of India
for the five years 1871—75 are aggregated. Observation
tells how greatly the mortality of children is increased in the hot months, and this is the
illustration afforded by the statistics of these years:
Died per cent. of the Total Deaths.
Army of
India.
Army of
Bengal.
Army of
Madras.
Army of
Bombay.
October to March
37.5
37.3
35.3
39.5
April to September
62.5
62.7
64.7
60.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Died per 1,000 of Strength.
October to March
25.5
28.0
18.0 26.5
April to September
42.5
47.0
33.0
40.5
68. 0
75.0
51.0
67.0
The details month by month are given below:—
Comparative Liability of Children to die in the Different Months of the Year.
( RES ULTS OF 1 8 7 1 —7 5 , EXCLUDI NG CHOLERA. )
ARMY OF INDIA. ARMY OF BENGAL. ARMY OF BOMBAY. ARMY OF MADRAS.
MONTHS.
D e a t h s . D i e d p e r 1 , 0 0 0 .
D i e d p e r c e n t .
o f t o t a l d e a t h s .
D e a t h s .
D i e d p e r 1 , 0 0 0 .
D i e d p e r c e n t .
o f t o t a l d e a t h s .
D e a t h s .
D i e d p e r 1 , 0 0 0 .
D i e d p e r D D e a t h s . c e n t .
o f t o t a l .
D e a t h s .
D i e d p e r 1 , 0 0 0 . D i e d p e r c e n t .
o f t o t a l d e a t h s .
January
202 3.54 5.2 117 3.58 4.7 47 4.41 6.6 38 2.75 5.4
February
159 2.73 4.0 94 2.84 3.8 32 2.89 4.3 33 2.35 4 . 6
March
287 4.87 7.2 158 4.74 6.3 71 6.32 9.3 58 4.04 7 . 9
April
396 6.71 9.9 260 7.81 10.4 78 6.88 10.3 58 4.04 7.9
May
394 6.68 9.8 255 7.6 10.2 54 4.74 7.1 85 5.94 11.6
June
354 5.98 8.8 228 6.83 9.1 44 3.82 5.7 82 5.72 11.2
July
423 7.11 10.5 239 7.14 9.5 87 7.53 11.2 97 6.72 13.1
August
523 8.78 12.9 323 9.65 12.8 112 9.67 14.5 88 6.07 11.9
September
428 7.17 10.6 271 8.07 10.7 90 7.80 11.7 67 4.61 9 . 0
October
293 4.93 7.3 191 5.69 7.5
6 0 5.21 7.8 42 2.92 5.7
November
270 4.53 6.7 182 5.42 7.2 51 4.37 6.6 37 2.58 5.1
December
279 4.78 7.1 195 5.88 7.8 36 3.23 4.9 48 3.39 6.6
TOTAL
4,008 67.97 100.0 2,513 75.42 100.0 762 67.04 100.0 733 51.28 100.0
Here follows the standard of 1871—75, giving the monthly and annual statistics of a body
of children aggregating 59,000; and the comparative statement shows how the ratios for the
Army of India have fallen in each year of the period, and for the Armies of Bengal, Madras
and Bombay on the average of the five years:
The death-ratios of the children of
the Armies of the Three Presidencies
as influenced by season. Statistics of
monthly mortality.
SECTION II.
TEN-YEAR STANDARD FOR THE NATIVE ARMY OF THE BENGAL PRESIDENCY
BASED ON THE STATISTICS OF THE YEARS FROM 1867 TO 1876.
84
TEN-YEAR STANDARD FOR THE NATIVE ARMY OF BENGAL, 1867 TO 1876.
[Section
II.
The ratios for the Trans-Indus Force and for the Troops in Bengal Proper are contrasted
below with those of the regiments stationed in the Gangetic Provinces and Oudh during the
same period of seven years, from 1870 onwards:
1.—Native Troops serving Trans-Indus.
Ratios per 1,000 of Strength.
Year.
Strength. Daily Sick-rate. Admission-rate. Death-rate.
Cholera-rate.
1870
13,452
59.5
2165.3
18.96
1871
13,058
46.6
1558.3
18.99
.08
1872
13,093
47.7
1839.4
22.23
6.87
1873
12,789
48.4
1724.6
16.35
1874
12,720
49.8
1836.3
11.48
1875
12,722
47.9
1795.6
20.12
.08
1876
13,159
44.2
1785.4
14.21
3.72
2.—Native Troops in Bengal Proper and Assam.
1870
7,248
45.5
1460.0
15.59
3.03
1871
7,203
57.2
1731.0
18.33
1.25
1872
6,660
59.9
1788.2
16.36
2.70
1873
7,260
50.0
1455.8
21.08
2.76
1874
7,591
55.5
1530.4
19.10
4.74
1875
7,601
57.6
1525.3
21.58
2.76
1876
7,484
48.8
1579.0
16.43
2.01
3.—Native Troops in the Gangetic Provinces and Oudh.
1870
6,742
38.0
1251.3
10.98
.89
1871
6,530
37.7
1140.7
9.34
.61
1872
5,900
37.1
1285.2
9.33
2.37
1873
6,664
39.6
997.9
9.75
1.20
1874
6,357
35.1
880.6
5.51
1875
6,738
31.9
896.9
5.05
1.34
1876
6,381
26.6
847.7
7.05
1.72
Taking the European and Native Armies of Bengal in the aggregate, the average annual
loss per 1,000 on the results of 1867—1876, stands thus, and
is made up in detail as under:
EUROPEAN ARMY OF BENGAL. NATIVE ARMY OF BENGAL.
Aggregate Strength of
1867-1876 . 353,450.
Aggregate Strength of
1867-1876 . 395,081.
Cholera
5.19
2.12
Smallpox
.15
.20
Fevers
3.31
2.84
Apoplexy
1.88
.22
Dysentery
1.68
2.01
Hepatitis
2.60
.15
Phthisis pulmonalis
1.38
.77
Respiratory diseases
.99
2.57
Heart disease
1.29
.20
Spleen disease, dropsy, scurvy, and atro-
phy
.19
1.03
All other causes
2 . 0 5
.99
Accidental and suicidal deaths
1 . 6 1
.74
22.32
13.84
In acute disease, the ratio for pneumonia in the Native supplies the place of that for
hepatitis, which characterizes the death-rate of the European. The mortality from dysentery
and diarrhœa is greater in the Native than in the European; but how seldom it is attended
with hepatic complication is evident from the fact, that, on the average, six deaths only are
attributed annually to liver disease.
For heart disease, the ratio here shown is as 1 to 6 in favour of the Native soldier. But
the disproportion is in reality much greater. As expressed in aortic aneurism, it is as 30 to 1.
The Native Army of Bengal and the European Army of India are bodies approximating in
strength, and in the last seven years 260 British soldiers died from aortic aneurism, while in
the same period the Death-rolls of the Native Army of Bengal show 9 deaths only.
The death-rate of the Native Army is chiefly influenced by cold and by the prevalence
of diseases of the anæmic type. Fever is followed by diarrhœa, spleen enlargement, dropsy,
scurvy, and atrophy; and when the system is thus debilitated, exposure to cold readily deter
- m i n e s a f a t a l p n e u m o n i a .
The characteristics of the death-rate
of the Native Soldier, and their variation
with locality.