NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
clxxxvii
mucous membrane of the villous portion is somewhat thickened and presents two patches,
lying midway between the line of demarcation and the pylorus. These patches are some-
what circular in form and are of a darkish-red colour, about one inch in diameter and
slightly raised above the surrounding portion of the mucous membrane. On section, these
patches are found to involve only the superficial portion of the mucous membrane.
Spleen is normal in size, petechiæ are thickly dotted over the convex surface of the
capsule. On section, the tissue is firm and healthy in appearance.
Kidneys are pale in colour, the capsules strip easily. There are a few petechias lying¬
under the capsules, dark brick-red in colour. On section the petechiæ do not appear to
involve the substance of the cortical portion of the organ.
Intestines present nothing pathological.
The points of interest in this case are :—
(i). That the disease was successfully transmitted by the inoculation of .3 c.c. of blood
taken from the right ventricle of the heart, eight hours after death. The blood
contained numerous hæmatozoa on the evening previous to the death of the animal.
(ii). The period of incubation, i. e., the time which elapsed between the subcutaneous
inoculation of the animal and first appearance of the hæmatozoon in the blood, was
nine days.
(iii). The short period which elapsed, (24 hours) between the first appearance of the
hæmatozoon in the blood of the general circulation and the death of the animal.
(iv). The pathological (sub-endocardial) lesions found in the Right and Left ventricles.
clxxxix
Kidneys.—Small petechiæ, the size of pins' heads and dark red in colour are scattered
over the external surfaces and on section, are also found to be scattered through the
cortical substance. On the surface of the left kidney and extending for some distance into
the cortical substance was a patch of extravasation, oblong in shape and about ½" × ¼"
in size.
Stomach.—Contracted to about 1/6th of its normal dimensions, and quite empty. The
cuticular portion is normal with the exception of slight yellow staining on the villous
portion there were found a number of colonies of parasites (Spiroptera Megastoma.) The
coats of the stomach are thickened and at the pylorus at least ¾" in thickness. One patch
of ecchymosis is situated on the villous portion about an inch from its line of demarcation.
Bladder.—Is contracted and contains about 6 ounces of viscid urine. On the base of
the bladder were noticed petechiæ in fine spots forming a cluster.
Remarks.—This animal was inoculated with serum from the blood of Horse No. III on.
the 10th December and on the 18th the hæmatozoa were few in the blood and the
temperature was very slightly elevated. On the 19th and 20th the hæmatozoa were very
numerous in the blood and the temp, rose to 40.3°C. On the 21st the hæmatozoa were
numerous in the blood and on the 22nd and 23rd few. On the 23rd a Ram was inoculated
with blood taken from the Jugular Vein. During the next three days the hæmatozoa were
numerous in the blood and the temp, oscillated between 38.6°C and 41.20°C. Death
occurred on the morning of the 27th. The point of interest in this case is that the serum
from coagulated blood of an animal suffering from Surra is capable of producing the
disease when inoculated into a healthy animal, some hours after death.
B 1086—48 ap
APPENDIX VI.
EXPERIMENTAL CASES.
SUBCUTANEOUS INOCULATION OF BLOOD PREVIOUSLY
PASSED THROUGH THE GOAT.
HORSES Nos. XXXIII, XXXIV, inoculated with ante-mortem fluids.
HORSES Nos. XXXVIII, XLI, XL, XXXI, L, inoculated with blood
OBTAINED POST-MORTEM.
HORSE
NO
XXXIII
EXTERNAL SURFACE OF THE HEART SUBPERICARDIAL EXTRAVASATIONS OF BLOOD
HORSE
NO.
XXXIII.
SUB-ENDOCARDIAL EXTRAVASATIONS OF BLOOD INVOLVING THE LEFT VENTRICLE, SOME ARE LYING UPON THE MUSCULIPAPILLARES.
cxcv
the other is in the course of the Eight. The muscular structure of the heart looks pale and
on section presents the same colour. The right auricle is healthy. The right ventricle is
pale and the seat of a number of small sub-endocardial extravasations, and the walls are
somewhat hypertrophied. The left auricle presents a few small extravasations. The walls
of the left ventricle are very much hypertrophied. There are very extensive extravasa-
tions lying under the endocardium, the intervening tissue being pale in colour.
Liver small and weighs 9 lbs. 14 ozs. Convex surface presents numerous old patches
of perihepatitis. There are numerous round yellow bodies on the surface of the organ
which on examination are found to have undergone a calcareous change. On section, the
tissues are dark in colour and the same kind of calcareous bodies are dotted about through-
out the organ.
Stomach contains a small amount of semi-digested food. On section, the line of
demarcation between the villous and cuticular portions presents a bright-yellow colour,
but there are no patches of congestion or tumours involving the villous portion, as so
commonly occurs.
Spleen weighs 2 lbs. 9 ozs. The convex surface is clotted over with small dark-
brown minute extravasations. On section, the tissue is firm and looks healthy.
Kidneys.—Eight 1 lb. 4 ozs., left 1 lb. 5 ozs. The capsules strip easily, and reveal
no abnormalities. On section, the organs appear pale but healthy.
Brain.—The superficial veins are congested, and the substance of the brain is pale
in colour. On section, the lateral ventricles contain 5 ounces of a pale-coloured fluid, but
on microscopical examination the Surra hæmatozoon was not discovered in it. The Iter-
a-tertio, &c, appears increased in size and the cavity of the spinal membranes contains
some fluid.
Ths points of interest in this case are :—
(i). That the animal was subcutaneously inoculated with 1 c.c. of blood (con-
taining numerous hæmatozoa)—mixed with .6 per cent salt solution—drawn from the
Internal Jugular Vein of Horse No. XXXI. The virus had been passed through a
previous horse from the goat.
(ii). The period of incubation from the inoculation until the first appearance of
the hæmatozoon in the blood was thirteen days.
(iii). The short duration of life, only twenty-seven hours after the appearance of
the hæmatozoon in the general circulation.
(iv). The extensive pathological lesions involving the heart and other organs,
together with the presence of a considerable amount of fluid in the lateral ventricles of
the brain.
cc
RECORDS OF URINE.
Animal, Cream-coloured Horse No. XXXVIII, Date,
Inoc. 26th August 1891.
Death, 16th October 1891.
Disease,Surra Inoc.
Date.
1891.
September 2 ...
3 ...
4 ...
5 ...
6 ...
7 ...
8 ...
9 ...
10 ...
11 ...
12 ...
13 ...
14 ...
15 ...
16 ...
17 ...
18 ...
19...
20 ...
21 ...
22 ...
23...
24 ...
25 ...
26 ...
27 ...
28 ...
29 ...
30 ..
October 1 ...
2 ...
3 ...
4 ...
5 ...
6 ...
7 ...
8
9 ...
10 ...
11 ...
12 ...
13 ...
14 ...
15 ...
16 ...
Quantity.
...
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Scanty ...
Do.
...
Do.
...
Increased in
amount.
No rm a1
quantity.
...
... ...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Colour.
Turbid,
viscid,
reddish-yellow.
Turbid,
viscid,
greenish-yellow.
Do.
Turbid,
viscid,
peasoup.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Turbid,
viscid,
greenish-yellow.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Turbid, viscid,
orange.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Turbid,
viscid,
like linseed tea.
Turbid, viscid,
orange. Viscid,
dark-
brown.
Viscid, muddy-
amber.
Viscid,
muddy
reddish-yellow.
Viscid,
brown,
odour of tea.
Viscid, orange,
opaque.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Not so viscid
orange.
Clear, bright
orange.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Orange, clear .
Clear-yellow
Re-action.
Alkaline
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Strongly Al-
kaline.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Neutral
Slightly acid.
Acid
Strongly acid.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Specific
Gravity.
1,044
1,042
1,033
1,030
1,033
1,032
1,030
1,013
1,032
1,028
1,030
1,024
1,022
1,030
1,037
1,043
1,030
1,023
1,025
1,023
1,041
1,033
1,038
1,040
1,042
1,041
1,030
1,033
1,036
1,040
1,030
1,026
1,024
1,026
1,034
1,038
1,036
1,032
1,026
1,032
1,028
1,024
1,020
1,020
1,010
Albu¬
men.
...
A trace.
„ „
„
„
„
„
„
„
„ „
„ „
„
„ „
„ „
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Phosphates.
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
REMARKS.
Epithelial and blood casts.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
A few blood and numerous granular
casts, carbonates no oxalates.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Granular casts, carbonates in large
amount.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Granular costs, no blood corpuscles,
striated spheres of CaCo3 oxalates of
lime.
Casts, heavy precipitate of carbonates,
oxalates.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Strlated spheres, large and small, custard
apple form dumb-bell forms large and
small of carbonate of lime.
Oxalate of lime and straight colourless
needles
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Precipitate of carbonates on boiling.
Slight amount of carbonates.
Do.
do.
Slight trace of carbonates.
Complete absence of carbonates, needles
and feathery crystals.
Do.
do.
Complete absence of carbonates.
Do.
do.
ccv
1st August.—The animal is weaker, and the swelling and œdema of the extremities has
increased in amount; the visible mucous membranes are tinged yellow and there are large
petechiæ on the conjunctival membranes; the appetite however continues to be good.
Temp. A.M. 37°C. The hæmatozoa are numerous in the blood. Temp. P.M. 36.7°C.
2nd.—Death took place somewhat suddenly at 2-30 A.M.
AUTOPSY at 10-30 A.M., eight hours after death. The body is emaciated ; there is
some slight swelling and œdema of the extremities, but there is none on the under-surface of
the abdomen.
Thorax.—There is no fluid in the pleural cavities or adhesions of the pleuræ
Lungs.—There are some ecchymoses at the apices of the organs, and a patch of localized
consolidation six inches square involves the left anterior lobe. The surfaces of the visceral
pleuræ present dotted over them here and there numerous small extravasations of blood some
what circular in form and varying in size from ¼th to ⅛th of an inch in diameter. These
extravasations lie under the visceral pleuræ, and involve the tissue of the lung to a very
limited extent.
Heart weighs 6 lbs. 13 ozs., is very large, and has undergone considerable hypertro
phy with dilatation. The cavities contain yellow-coloured clot and both ventricles are the
seat of numerous and extensive sub-endocardial extravasations.
Liver presents a few calcareous bodies 1/8th inch in diameter, circular or nearly so in
shape and of a yellow colour. On section, the tissues look healthy and there are a few
calcareous bodies visible.
Spleen weighs 4 lbs. 10 ozs. There are numerous petechiæ on the surface of the
capsule, brick-red in colour. On section, the tissues are soft but appear healthy.
Stomach.—The external surface of the organ is healthy.
On section the cavity contains some semi-digested food. There are a few small
patches of congestion on the mucous membrane of the villous portion, about two inches
from the pylorus, and these are found to involve the mucous membrane only.
Kidneys.—The right weighs 1 lb. 5 ozs., the left 1 lb. 6 ozs. The capsules strip easily
and are somewhat pale. On section, the organs are pale in colour, but healthy in appearance.
Intestines present nothing pathological.
The points of interest in this case are :—
(i). That the animal was inoculated with .3 c. c. of blood removed from the right
ventricle of the heart of Horse No. XXXIII eight hours after death. The animal
had previously been inoculated with fluid from the tunica vaginalis testis of Goat
No. III.
(ii). The period of incubation from the time of the subcutaneous inoculation to the
discovery of the hæmatozoon in the blood was nine days.
(iii). The entire absence of all swelling and œdema from the seat of inoculation.
(iv). The somewhat sudden death on the twenty-second day after inoculation.
(v). The extensive pathological lesions, viz., circumscribed patch of consolidation in
volving the anterior lobe of the left lung,together with those of the spleen and
stomach.
B 1086—52 ap
APPENDIX VII.
EXPERIMENTAL CASES.
VARIOUS ANIMALS INOCULATED WITH SURRA HORSE BLOOD
AND OTHER FLUIDS.
Donkey No I.
Bull—
Guinea-Pigs.
Sheep—
Guinea-Pigs.
Goats Nos. I, II, III.
Rabbits.
Guinea-Pigs.
Rats (Mus decumanus).
Rats (Nesokia providens).
Fowls.
Pigeons.
B 1086—53 ap
ccxii
Remarks.—This animal was inoculated in order that observations might be made of the
disease when transmitted to the Ass, directly from a case of naturally contracted Surra
in the Horse. The animal was kept under observation for a period of eleven days;
during the first five days the temperature oscillated as much as 3°C. between the morning and
evening record, but this can be partially accounted for, as all animals exposed to the sun during
the day register a considerably higher degree than those kept in the shade. A consider-
able difference will be observed on reference to the chart commencing on the 7th February,
after which date the animal was kept in the stable. Inoculation was performed on the
evening of the 9th February and the hæmatozoon was discovered in the blood on the
morning of the 13th. The latent period occupied eighty-eight hours. Continued fever was
present from mid-day on the 2nd to the evening of the 8th day of the disease with one
short intermission on the morning of the 7th day. A fall of 3°C. occurred during the night
previous to death. An abortive attempt at an intermission on the part of the hæmatozoon
occurred on the 6th day. From the time of inoculation until death occurred, the period
occupied was twelve days only.
RECORDS OF URINE.
Animal, Donkey No. 1. Date of Inoculation, 9th February 1893.
Disease, Surra.
Date.
1893.
January 30th...
February 6th—
„ 9th...
„ 10th...
„
11th...
„
12th...
„
13th...
„
14th...
„
15th...
„
10 th...
„
17th...
„
18th...
„
19th...
„
20th...
„
21st...
„
22nd...
Quantity.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
... ...
...
... ...
...
...
Colour.
Turbid, bright-yellow...
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
Turbid, viscid, orange-
Do.
do.
Turbid, orange
Passed, but none
Turbid, orange
Passed, but none
Passed, but none
Turbid, orange
Do.
do
Do.
do.
Turbid, bright-yellow ...
Passed, but none
Turbid, bright-yellow ...
Re-action.
Alkaline ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
collected.
Alkaline ...
collected.
collected.
Alkaline ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
collocted.
Alkaline ...
Specific
Gravity.
1,040
1,042
1,044
1,054
1,054
1,060
1,038
1,022
1,032
1,024
1,018
1,024
Albumen.
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Phos¬
phates.
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil ...
Nil
...
Nil ...
Nil
...
Nil
...
Nil
...
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
...
REMARKS.
Carbonate of Calcium crystals.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Removed
mortem.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
from the
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
bladder post.
ccxvi
Month and date.
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22nd
23rd
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th
31st
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22nd
23rd
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th
July
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
„
...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
August
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
August ...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
Blood.
Hæmatozoa absent.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
..
„ ...
„
.. .
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
...
„...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
. ..
„...
„
...
Temperature.
°C.
A.M.
38.
38.6
38.
38.
37.6
38.
38.3
38.3
39.4
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.2
39.2
39.4
39.1
37.
39.
39.
39.1
38.8
39.1
38.6
38.
38.5
39.3
39.2
39.1
39.3
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.2
39.6
39.3
39.3
39.1
P.M.
38.7
39.2
38.5
39.3
39.
39.3
39.4
40.
40.3
40.
39.3
40.
39.5
40.4
39.7
40.
39.3
39.2
39.6
40.4
40.
39.3
39.3
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.6
39.4
40.2
39.6
39.7
40.
39.3
40.
40.1
40.
40.3
40.
A.M. NOON.
38.
39.1
38.5
39. 3
39.2
39.3
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.6
39.3
39.3
39.7
40.8
P.M.
39.7
39.3
40.2
40.
39.7
39.5
39.3
40.
41.
Month and date.
31st
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12 th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22nd
23rd
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
August ..
September.
„
...
„
....
„
...
„...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„ ...
„
„
„
...
„
...
„
„ ...
„
...
„
„
...
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
October ..
„
„ ...
„
„ ...
„
„
„ ...
„
„
...
„ „ ...
„
„
„
„
...
„
„
„
„
„
...
Blood.
Hæmatozoa absent..
„
„
..
„
..
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
..
„
..
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
..
„
...
„
...
„ ...
„ ...
„ ...
„
...
„ ....
„
...
„
...
„
„...
„
...
...
„
...
„
„ ...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„
...
„...
„...
„...
„
„
„
...
„ ...
„
„ ...
..
„ ...
Temperature.
°C.
A.M.
39.8
39.3
38.3
38.
38.3
38.6
38.5
38.
38.8
39.2
39.3
38.7
40.1
39.3
37.6
39.2
39.1
39.
38.8
39.3
39.1
39.
39.3
39.2
38.6
38.6
38.8
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.8
38.6
39.
38.
38.6
39.1
39.
39.3
38.4
38.3
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.5
38.4
38.2
38.4
38.4
38.1
38.6
38.1
38.2
NOON
40.
40.3
39.3
39.
38.8
38.6
39.2
39.8
40.
40.1
39.7
41 .
40.5
39.8
39.3
39.3
39.7
39.3
39.8
39.3
40.
39.8
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.1
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.2
39.3
39.2
39.
38.8
38.7
38.5
38.6
38.5
38.7
38.6
38.7
38.6
38.6
38.6
38.4
38.3
P.M.
40.8
40.9
39.3
39.5
39.2
39.
39.3
40.1
40.
41.3
39.8
39.3
40.2
40.
40.1
39.7
39.3
39.3
39.7
40.
39.3
39.8
39.3
39.6
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
40.
39.1
39.3
39.3
39.7
39.3
40.6
39.4
39.2
39.1
39.2
38.8
39.1
38.6
38.6
39.
39.1
39.1
39.1
39.
38.8
38.8
ccxx
Month and
Date.
1891.
October.
27th...
28th...
29th...
30th..
31st...
November.
1st...
2nd...
3rd...
4th...
5th...
6th...
7th...
8th...
9th ..
10th...
11th...
12th...
13th...
14th...
15th...
16th...
17th...
18th...
19th...
Examination of blood.
Hæmatozoa
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
few
absent
„
...
„
...
few
numerous
very numerous.
„
„ ....
numerous
few
absent
„ ....
„
few
„
....
„
„ ...
„ ...
„
„
„
Temperature
A. M.
39.4
39.4
39.1
39.
39.2
39.2
39 5
39.4
39.5
39.6
39.5
39.4
39.6
40.
40.
40.2
39.6
39.2
39.5
39.7
40.
40.
39.4
39.4
P. M.
39.6
39.4
39.5
39.7
39.6
39.7
39.8
39.4
39.8
40.
40.1
40.
40.1
40.2
40.5
40.4
39.8
39.7
39.6
39.8
40.2
40.1
39.7
39.3
Month and
Date.
November.
20th...
21st...
22nd„,
23rd...
24th...
25th...
26th...
27th...
28th...
29th...
30th...
December.
1st...
2nd...
3rd...
4th...
5th...
6th...
7th...
8th...
9th...
10th...
11th...
12th...
13th...
14th...
Examination of blood.
Hæmatozoa few
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
....
„
'
....
„
....
„
....
„
„
„
„
...
„
„
...
„
„
„
„
„
„
....
„
....
Temperature
°C-
A. M.
40.
40.3
39.6
39.2
40.
39.4
39 5
39.3
39 8
40.1
40.
39.5
39.5
39.6
39.8
39.7
39.6
39.5
38.6
40.2
39.3
38.4
38.5
39.6
39.5
P. M.
39.6
40.2
39.8
39.6
39.8
39.7
39.6
40.
40.3
40.2
40.1
40.3
40.1
40.4
40.3
40.1
40.3
39.7
40.2
40.4
40.3
40.2
40.3
40.2
Death.
September 3rd, 1891.-This animal was inoculated with 0.2 c.c. of blood taken from the Bull.
GUINEA-PIGS Nos. V and VI.—These animals were inoculated subcutaneously
with 0.2C.C. of blood taken from the Bull.
Month and
Date.
1891
November
13th...
14th...
15th ..
16th...
17th...
18th...
19th...
20th...
21st...
22nd...
23rd...
24th...
25th...
26th...
27th...
28th...
29th...
30th...
December
1st...
2nd...
3rd...
4th ..
5th...
6th...
7th...
8th...
9th..
10th...
11th...
12th...
13th...
14th...
15th...
No. V Guinea-Pig.
Inoculated with 0.2c.c.
Hæmatozoa absent from the
blood.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
...
„
...
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
...
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„ ...
„
„
„
„
„
Result negative
Temperature
°C.
A. M.
...
37.5
38.7
38.4
38.4
38.
38.3
38.1
38.5
38.1
38.7
38.5
38.5
38.2
38.6
38.5
39.
39.2
39.2
38.3
38.6
38.5
38.4
38.5
39.1
38.6
38.6
38.5
38.4
38.7
38.5
38.8
P. M.
39.2
39.3
39.2
39.
39.5
39.6
39.2
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.3
39.4
39.2
39.5
39.6
39.5
39.4
39.3
39.1
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.2
39.4
39.4
39.3
39.2
39.3
39.2
39.5
39.4
39.5
No. VI Guinea-Pig.
Inoculated with 0.2c.c.
Hæmatozoa absent from the
blood.
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
...
..
Result negative
Temperature
°C.
A. M.
...
37.2
38.8
38.0
38.7
38.3
38.8
38.7
39.1
38.2
384
38.7
38.4
38.6
38.5
38.6
39.4
39.3
39.
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.5
39.
39.2
39.1
38.4
38.6
38.6
38.4
38.6
39.2
P. M.
39.
39.1
39.
38.8
39.3
39.3
39.2
39.2
39.3
39.5
39.4
39.2
39.2
39.
39.4
39.3
39.3
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.3
39.2
39.3
39.4
39.2
39.2
39.2
39.1
39.6
39.4
39.5
39.6
December 16th, 1891.—These two animals were re-inoculated with 0.2.c.c of blood
taken from the Bull on the 267th day after the latter's inoculation. The results were, however,
again of a negative character.
BULL NO.
1.
INOCULATED WITH HORSE SURRA, 24 MARCH 1891. RE-INOCULATED, 22 AUGT. 1892. PHOTOGRAPHED, 23 NOV. 1892.
ccxxiv
described, developed hæmatozoa in their blood after a period of several days and finally
succumbed to the disease on the 51st and 102nd day after inoculation.
That Guinea-pigs inoculated with the same Bull's blood on the 234th, 267th and 356th
day respectively after the inoculation of the animal, should remain healthy and at no time
develop hæmatozoa in their blood. That the blood withdrawn from the Bull on the 163rd
day after inoculation should prove to be more virulent than that taken on the 85th day,
as demonstrated by the second pair of Guinea-pigs dying on the 51st and 102nd day
respectively, although the first animals did not succumb until the 117th and 144th day.
That the Bull should be able to throw off the disease (Surra) entirely and become
strong and fat, is worthy of notice and may prove important in the future treatment
of the disease, especially when we recall the absolute fatality observed amongst horses
afflicted with this disease.
On the 512th day after the appearance of the hæmatozoon in the blood of the animal
it was subjected to re-inoculation, this time with blood containing the hæmatozoon of a
more virulent type.
The fact that the blood of the Bull should, by inoculation, be capable of reproducing the
disease 155 days after the last appearance of the hæmatozoon in it, is a very important
one from a clinical point of view, showing the length of time during which an animal must
be kept under observation, before being pronounced safe.
Although the hæmatozoon is capable of growth in the blood of cattle, it nevertheless
does not appear to be a very suitable medium for its development, as it apparently loses
much of its virulence, producing only a mild form of the disease.
This loss of virulence on introduction of the hæmatozoon into the bovine species,
rather points to the fact that there may be a possibility of producing some form of immunity
in other species of animals, by the introduction, subcutaneously or by intravenous injection,
either of the blood itself or of the proteid material obtained from the blood of bovines,
some time after their inoculation with Surra.
It appears possible that cattle may contract the disease if submitted to the same con-
dition as horses, which are supposed to contract Surra by drinking water or grazing on low
lands, which have been previously flooded and where the contagium is present. And
although suffering from a mild form, may be the means of distributing the virus over a
considerable area. This may account for some of the numerous cases of fever in cattle,
the nature and causes of which, up to the present, have not been made out.