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respectively. At the same time an ancillary enquiry was constituted in
Calcutta consisting of Lieut-Col. R. Knowles, I.M.S., Dr.L.E.
Napier and members of the staff of the School of Tropical . Medicine,
Calcutta. The Kala-azar Commission (1925) quickly confirmed the
flagellation of L . donovani in P. argentipes. In 1926, Napier published
several papers on the various pentavalent compounds of antimony which
were introduced after the success of urea stibamine in the treatment of
kala-azar. In 1926, the first memoir on kala-azar was published record-
ing the work of the Commission to date as well as some work outside the
Commission. The most important previously unpublished papers in this
memoir were as follows: "The Morphology and Life Cycle of the Parasite
of Indian Kala-azar in Culture" by Christophers, Shortt & Barraud,
"The Anatomy of the Sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes, Ann. & Brun.
(Diptera) I. The Head and Mouth Parts of the Imago" by Christophers,
Shortt and Barraud, "Note on a Massive Infection of the Pharynx of
Phlebotomus argentipes with Herpetomonas donovani" by Shortt,
Barraud and Craighead and "An Epidemiological consideration of the
transmission of Kala-azar in India" by Napier. In the same year, owing
to the recall of Lieut.-Col. Christophers to other duties, the Kala-azar
Commission was reconstituted with Lieut.-Col. H. E. Shortt,.
I.M.S., as Director and Capts. P. J . Barraud and A. C. Craighead
as members. Dr. O. A. Smith and Dr. K.V. Krishnan also joined
the Commission at a later date. Shortt, Barraud and Craighead (1926)
described for the first time a massive infection of the pharynx of P.
argentipes with L. donovani and in the same year these workers dis
-covered and published the technique for giving sandflies second and subse-
quent feeds. This important finding removed the difficulty primarily en
-countered in carrying out transmission experiments with sandflies.
6. The next important paper was an account of the "Life-history and
morphology of Leishmania donovani in the sandfly, phlebotomus argen
-tipes by Shortt, Barraud and Craighead (1926). This gave the first
account of the full life history of the parasite of kala-azar in its insect
host. The same workers later in the year described a massive infection
of the buccal cavity of P. argentipes with L. donovani and, at the same
time, recorded the first finding in nature of P. argentipes infected with
L. donovani. In 1927, they recorded the infection of a mouse by the
inoculation of the gut contents of infected sandflies thereby proving the
infectivity of the forms of L. donovani in these insects.
7. Lloyd and Paul (1928) in an important paper described the serum
changes in kala-azar and showed that there was a great increase in the
total serum globulin, and the euglobulin fraction and an absolute decreas
e in the serum albumin so that the globulin-albumin ratio is greatly raised.
Shortt, D'Silva and Swaminath (1928) showed that the forms of L.
donovani found in dermal leishmanoid underwent the same development
in P. argentipes as forms from the peripheral blood in ordinary cases of
kala-azar. Shortt, Craighead, Smith and Swaminath (1928) proved that
hamsters could be infected with L. donovani by both the oral and con
-junctival routes and the same workers later (1929) showed that infection