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activities of the Survey was introduced in 1936 when the Director was,
appointed Officer-in-charge, Antimalaria Operations, Delhi, where an
e x - t e n s i v e a n t i - m a l a r i a c a m p a i g n h a s r e c e n t l y b e e n i n a u g u r a t e d .
8. Apart from the activities of the Malaria Institute of India a great
deal of research work on malaria has been carried out in the provinces
within recent years. Some of the provinces maintain their own special'
malaria officers. These and other workers have carried out researches on
malaria which have added greatly to our knowledge of the epidemiology
and other aspects of the disease. Among these may be mentioned the re
-searches of Ramsay, of Manson, and of Rice in relation to the control of
malaria in Assam; of Senior White in the prevention of malaria over the
ramifications of the Bengal-Nagpur Railway; of Gill on the genesis of epi
-demics in the Punjab; of Clyde, Bannerjee and others in the United Pro
-vinces; of Manifold, Richmond and other army medical officers in canton
-ments in India; of Bentley on malaria and agriculture in Bengal; of Acton
and Knowles in Calcutta; of Feegrade in Burma; of Krishnan, Rao and
others in Madras; of Iyengar in Travancore; and of many other workers too
numerous to mention individually. Important researches have also been
conducted in India by, or with the assistance of the International Health
Division of the Rockefeller Foundation as for example, those of Sweet and
his co-workers in Mysore, and of Russell in Madras.
9. India has indeed an enviable record of accomplishment in the field of
Malaria investigation but much remains to be done. The realisation of
the. social and economic importance of this disease to the masses of India
has aroused interest in the control of rural malaria. Cheap and effective
methods of control must be devised and this will only be possible, in the
writer's opinion, when a much fuller knowledge of the bionomics of the
various anopheline vectors has been obtained.
CHOLERA.
As India is the main endemic home of cholera and the country has been
for centuries swept at intervals by epidemic outbreaks on a very large scale-
this disease has naturally been the subject of much study. Prior to the
discovery of the comma bacillus by Koch in 1884 the work on the subject
consisted chiefly of epidemiological and clinical observations. The extensive
writings of Corbyn, Twining, Johnson, Morehead, Macnamara and others
during the nineteenth century form a record of great historical interest but
in the absence of a knowledge of the true aetiology of the disease the earlier
writers were naturally handicapped in their investigation on causation and
spread. Subsequent to Koch's discovery Macnamara studied cholera in the
light of the bacteriological facts revealed.
2. During the phase of further development in knowledge of
b a c t e r i o - l o g y t h e o u t s t a n d i n g c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e s t u d y o fV
i b r i o c h o l e r a e
a n d
allied vibrios was the work of Greig in India which formed the subject of
numerous publications during the years 1913 to 1918. Greig studied all
aspects of the bacteriology and pathology of the subject and also the bac
-teriology in relation to the carrier. The epidemiology of cholera in India
was subsequently studied by Russel and Sundararajan whose publications
Contributed by Col. J. Taylor, C.I.E., D.S.O.,V.H.S., I.M.S