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while Trichomonas sensu strictu has a temperate zone habitat. Shortt
(1927) described a method of cytoplasmic counterstaining with special
application to protozoological technique. Rau (1926) showed the
susceptibility of the jackal to B. canis and (1927) described the stages of
B. gibsoni in dogs while he did some inconclusive transmission experi
-ments with ticks of the genus Haemaphysalis bispinosa. Vasudevan
(1927) reported a human case of sarcosporidiosis in Madras while Gupta
(1927) reported a Trichomonas with four free flagella from a colubrine
snake. Shortt and Swaminath (1927) described the complete life-cycle of
a new species of gregarine, which they named Monocystis mackiei,
parasitic in the gut of the sandfly Phlebotomus argentipes. Knowles and
Gupta (1928) studied infections of T. evansi in various laboratory animals
and the effects on them of subtotal thyroidectomy. Shortt and
Swaminath (1928) described three species of Trypanosomidae viz., L.
hemidactyli, T. hemidactyli and T. conorhini. Knowles (1928) published
"An Introduction to Medical Protozoology" which has served as an
excellent text book in the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine. Knowles
and Gupta (1928) noted the occurrence of a Tricercomonas of the pig and
a Trichomonas of the porcupine and (1930) an Entamoeba and a flagellate,
Trimitus trionyci, of the Indian river turtle. They also (1931) described
two species of Mastigophora from a bull, E m b a d o m o n a s
r u m i n a n t i u m
a n d
T r i c h o m a n a s r u m i n a n t i u m .Chopra and Chowhan (1931-1932) des
-cribed the action of cobra and Russell's viper venoms on protozoal
organisms. Shortt and Swaminath (1931) gave an account of the com
-plete life history in its insect and vertebrate hosts of T. phlebotomi which
occurs in Hemidactylus frenstus while the vector is P. minutus var.
shortti. They show that infection of the vertebrate occurs via the oral
route while the development in the insect is by a process not previously
described. Knowles and Gupta (1934) record the common occurrence of
lsospora infection in Indian cats and publish observations on B a l a n t i d i u m
coli and E . histolytica infection of macaques. They also (1935) record
three species of Eimeria one of Isospora and one of Entamoeba from
Indian lizards. The latter is given the name of E. flaviviridis. S h o r t t
(1936) has given a very detailed account of the life-history of B. canis in
the dog tick R. sanguineus in which the gaps left unfilled in Christophers'
description of thirty years before have been completely filled in. He also
made a very detailed cytological study of the various stages in the life-
cycle. Gupta (1936) studied the Trichomonas flagellates of the vagina
and caecum of cows and described a 24-nucleate cyst of E. coli of the
monkey. Knowles and Gupta (1936) record the protozoal parasites found
in Silenus monkeys. Swaminath and Shortt (1937) have proved by
several transmission experiments that the jackal tick H. bispinosa is the
vector of B. gibsoni.
MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY.
Research in Medical Entomology in India dates practically from the
time when Late Lt.-Col Ross discovered the developmental stages of
malaria parasite in the gut of a mosquito. By 1900 Anopheline mosquitoes as
Contributed by Dr. I. M. Puri, M. Sc. (Punj.), Ph. D. (Cantab.).