NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
15
during the year under report in the Naga Hills which had been
a source of great danger to public health and live-stock alike.
Needless to say opening of the infected carcase and use of the in-
fected meat as food had been responsible for the spread of the
disease involving human lives. I take this opportunity of ex-
pressing my thanks to the Deputy Commissioner, Naga Hills,
for the active co-operation that was rendered by him to control
the epidemic.
61. Practical difficulties having been encountered in con-
trolling Anthrax in some notoriously infected localities Anthrax
protective serum which gives only a transient prophylaxis was
substituted by Anthrax Spore Vaccine and used with very pro-
mising result even in the face of epidemic. The main difficul-
ty is however that the product does not keep fit for long so that
it cannot be stored in sufficient quantity.
62. Experiments were carried out with a modified dose of
the Goat Tissue Vaccine (virus alone) and with normal dose of
the Goat Tissue Vaccine and a controlling dose of ordinary
Rinderpest Serum (sero-virus method) in a hill breed of cattle
at an altitude of 2,500 feet and over above the sea level. Similar
experiments were also carried out in more susceptible buffaloes.
Reaction was found to vary. More work in this direction is pro-
posed as opportunity may occur.
63. While there is constant complaint for more grazing
lands for cattle it may not be out of place to point out that
maintenance of unthrifty and inefficient cattle which the pro-
vince possesses in very large number is a heavy drain on the
grass and fodder resources of the province. While it is an ad-
mitted fact that proper and sufficient grazing must be found for
cattle it is also reasonable to suppose for every right thinking
man that the grass and fodder resources of the province should
be given first preference to deserving stock. If means could be
devised for better grazing facilities for the improved stock it is
expected that this would give incentive to better breeding.
64. Collection of figures for vital statistics of live-stock
though under the existing system is done with a certain amount
of check it cannot be said to be always reliable. It remains
therefore to consider if some better workable method cannot be
devised. Instances had been reported when mortality during
epidemics had been exaggerated by the owners or interested
party with ulterior motive.
65. Each flood in Assam, which is now an annual occur-
rence, leaves the ryots poorer in their live-stock wealth. Its
immediate baneful effect upon live-stock is too patent to be
described. The remote effect of the flood upon the live-stock
16
is as serious if not more. Helminthic infestation and diseases
predisposed by lowered resistance of live-stock with consequent
loss of their efficiency following each flood are common occur-
rence. As the deterioration of the health of stock from this
source comes on slowly and at a later date it is hardly realised
by the owners. It seems therefore that the cumulative after-
effect of floods on the live-stock is as much a concern for stock-
owners as its immediate effects.
66. Like previous years the District Veterinary Staff of
this Department were closely associated with Live-stock Improve-
ment work in the province. To many of them District and
Subdivisional Branch Live-stock Improvement Associations
owe their usefulness. They functioned as ex-officio Branch Secre-
taries or Branch Agents of the Live-stock Improvement Associa-
tions in addition to their normal duties as Veterinary Assistant
Surgeons. During the year they attended several meetings of
the Associations and inspected breeding bulls located in different
parts of the province. They secured new members for the
Branch Associations and collected subscriptions and donations
in cash and in kind. The Circle Veterinary Inspectors also
showed a keen interest in the Live-stock Improvement work and
general welfare of cattle. Apart from these the Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons of this province performed 31,300 castra-
tions in connection with the improvement of live-stock in the
province which forms the basis in any scheme of Live-stock
Improvement work. I myself continued to serve as a member
of the Executive Committee of the Central Live-stock Improve-
ment Association, Assam.
67. It has been the earnest desire of the Department to
pursue a policy of recruiting the best academically qualified
candidates for veterinary education with Government stipends.
The necessity of such a course is indicated by the fact that at
least one of the Vererinary Colleges in India has already been
affiliated to the University for the Bachelor Degree in veterinary
science. For this and to keep pace with the recent advancement
in veterinary science its necessity was never so pressing as it is
to-day. It is a happy feature that there is now no dearth of
qualified youths who arc keen for veterinary education with
Government stipends.
68. It is indeed a very healthy sign that the representatives
of ryots, in the Local Self-Government Institutions have been
truly ventilating the feelings of their constituency by pressing for
more Veterinary Institutions. I record my high appreciation
of three Local Boards, viz.,—Dibrugarh, Nowgong and Haila-
kandi, who have strengthened their veterinary staff by start-
ing four new centres of veterinary aid within their respective
17
jurisdiction. It is pleasing to report that Barpeta, Gauhati,
Sunamganj, Jorhat and Sibsagar Local Boards are also trying to
find their ways and means to have more Veterinary Institutions
under them. Government have been pleased not only to extend
the term of the temporary officer in the rank of the Veterinary
Inspector but have also sanctioned two more posts of Reserve
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons and four Government Veterinary
Assistant Surgeons under Local Boards on permanent basis.
These are excluding 43 posts of Veterinary Field Assistants which
the Government have sanctioned. For the last-named posts
recruits are now undergoing a practical course of training in the
Gauhati Hospital under a capable and experienced Instructor.
This expansion has taken place since the close of the year in
spite of adverse finance of the province. The Department which
has been steering through troubled waters, never before felt the
necessity of its thorough re-organisation as it does to day. I am
therefore extremely grateful to the Government
and the
Legislature and to those of the Local Boards which have acti-
vely co-operated for this expansion. I hope that
the good
example shown by Nowgong, Dibrugarh and Hailakandi Local
Boards will inspire other Boards in the province for strengthen-
ing their veterinary staff.
69. For the first time a veterinary subordinate was given
a chance of temporary deputation to the Imperial Veterinary
Research Institute in Muktesar on the recommendation of the
Department for the post of an upper subordinate in the Ins-
titute. The idea underlying such temporary recruitment is to
give the deserving staff an opportunity of picking up as far as
possible the scientific work in the Institute so that the experi-
ence gained there may be applied to the province when he
reverts, practically at no cost but to immense benefit of the
province.
70. The departmental activities have so enormously in-
creased that it is considered imperative to give the Head of
the Department some relief from his routine work. Necessity for
the revival of the post of the Deputy Superintendent which has
been held in abeyance was never so keenly felt as it is
to-day. While it is felt that for efficient administration close
supervision and control are indispensably necessary it is idle
to suppose that the Head
of the Department should be
able to personally look into every detail alone and discharge
the responsibility efficiently single-handed when the Depart-
ment has recently expanded to nearly double of its original
strength and activities have increased manyfold.
18
71. While there is a great rush of candidates for all other
services paucity of qualified veterinary
graduates who are
natives of the province still continues so that all vacancies in the
rank of Veterinary Assistant Surgeon could not be filled up.
With a view to remedy this Government have raised the num-
ber of veterinary stipends from two to five this year. Even
then the situation will not be eased as the retirement of senior
Veterinary Assistant Surgeons is drawing well nigh. So with
a view to recoup this and meet the growing demand of expan-
sion of the Department some remedy to augment recruitment
appears to be an urge. It is therefore a matter for considera-
tion whether besides award of Government stipends some other
facilities cannot be extended to deserving candidates who desire
to go for veterinary education. Reservation of a fixed number
of seats in the Bengal Veterinary College for non-stipendiary
natives of Assam might prove helpful.
72. In spite of unprecedented expansion of work and depart-
mental activities the Department had been run very economi-
cally. What a tremendous saving it had been to the Government
Exchequer and a blessing to the stock-owners by reason of int o-
duction of the Goat Tissue Vaccine as a prophylactic
against
Rinderpest will be understood when I say that there had been a
saving of nearly a lakh of rupees this year alone, which would
have otherwise been required for the purchase of more costly and
less efficient Anti-Rinderpest Serum against the incredibly cheap
and highly efficient Goat Tissue Vaccine. The Department has
therefore very good reasons to feel extremely gratified not only
for the enlarged and efficient service it had been able to render
to the ryots but also for the substantial monetary relief it had
been able to secure to the Government on their obligatory
expenses when the Government are faced with acute financial
difficulties and the Resources and Retrenchment Committee had
been devising means to secure economy.
73. The Hon'ble Minister in charge of the Veterinary De-
partment was pleased to pay a visit to the Veterinary Institute
and Laboratory at Gauhati headquarters and the Veterinary
Hospital at Silchar during the year. It was indeed a great
encouragement to the Department and to the staff.
74. Technical staff of the Department
worked on the
whole exceedingly well. My Circle Inspectors and the special
Veterinary Inspector did everything possible by them to main-
main the standard of efficiency. I am glad to be able to say
that they ali quite fittingly shared with me the extraordinary
strain of duty evolved upon the Department. I therefore feel
19
it my bounden duty to record in writing and to bring to the
notice of the Government the excellent work done by the
entire staff.
75. To my office I have nothing but my appreciation for
their assiduous work. With increased activities of the Depart-
ment office work has immensely increased so that one additional
clerk sanctioned and entertained on permanent basis has been
found to be inadequate. A fresh proposal will soon be submit-
ted to the Government for reorganisation of the ministerial staff
without which it is difficult to maintain the efficiency. My
thanks are due to Maulavi Muhammad Eunus, my Head clerk,
who did everything possible under the limitation.
76. I take this opportunity to thank those of the public
who showed keen interest by actively co-operating with the
Department and to the District and Subdivisional Officers and
the Chairmen, Local Boards, for their everincreasing interest in
all matters relating to the Department contributing towards its
progress. I am indebted to the Director, Imperial Veterinary
Research Institute, Mukteswar, for the continued active assis-
tance he had rendered me through the various Departments of
his Institute. My thanks are also due to the Animal Husban-
dry Commissioner with the Government of India and to the
Director, Civil Veterinary Department, Bengal, for their con-
tinued co-operation and to Dr. S. K. Mitra, PH.D., M.S., I.A.S.,
Director of Agriculture, Assam, for assistance he has rendered
me and my staff in carrying out veterinary work in the Govern-
ment Farms under his control.
S. GHOSH,
Director of Veterinary Department, Assam.
22
TABLE II
Statement showing the number of deaths from contagious diseases and other causes among animals during the year 1938-39
District
Sylhet .. ..
Cachar .. ..
Goalpara ..
Kamrup .. ..
Darrang ..
Nowgong ..
Sibsagar ..
Lakhimpur ..
Garo Hills ..
Khasi and Jaintia
Hills.
Naga Hills ..
Lusbai hills ..
Sadiya
Frontier
Total ..
Equines
Glanders
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Surra
81
5
2
10
..
2
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
104
Dourine
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Anthrax
7
..
1
3
2
1
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
17
Other diseases
17
10
16
12
73
4
53
35
..
17
..
6
..
243
Other causes
38
9
5
58
5
10
30
..
2
..
1
..
158
Total
143
15
28
30
133
12
70
65
..
19
..
7
..
522
Cattle
Rinderpest
13,285
2,907
2,116
8,439
2,202
1,890
36
192
210
227
..
..
11
31,515
Hæmorrhagic
Septicæmia
474
131
157
43
91
213
126
86
..
..
..
..
..
1,321
Foot-and-mouth
92
..
41
..
51
44
92
33
20
..
..
5
..
378
Black Quarter
16
9
47
..
11
..
2
5
..
..
..
..
..
90
Anthrax
472
218
222
234
36
..
142
254
..
..
62
..
..
1,640
Surra
..
2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
Other diseases
1,369
580
1,150
567
684
375
1,900
851
3
79
20
5
210
7,793
Other causes
815
328
302
481
498
547
551
188
2
50
8
..
..
3,770
Total
16,523
4,175
4,035
9,764
3,573
3,069
2,849
1,609
235
356
90
10
221
46,509
Buffaloes
Rinderpest
757
44
348
366
369
507
62
68
84
..
..
..
..
2,605
Hæmorrhagic Septicæmia
39
68
32
..
8
14
25
..
..
..
..
..
..
186
Foot-and-mouth
..
..
6
..
11
13
24
..
..
..
..
..
..
54
Black Quarter
..
..
10
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10
Anthrax
10
19
7
4
4
..
4
36
..
..
..
..
..
84
Surra
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Other diseases
81
129
229
96
364
230
1,238
202
..
..
..
..
..
2,569
Other causes
446
317
61
70
513
162
401
275
1
..
..
..
..
2,246
Total
1,333
577
693
536
1,269
926
1,754
581
85
..
..
..
..
7,754
23
District
Sylhet .. ..
Cachar ..
Goalpara ..
Kamrup..
Darrang ..
Nowgong ..
Sibsagar ..
Lakhimpur ..
Garo Hills ..
Khasi and Jaintia
Hills.
Naga Hills ..
Lushai Hills ..
Sadiya
Frontier
Tract.
Total ..
Sheep
Anthrax
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Sheep pox
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Pleuro-pneumonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Foot-and-mouth
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Scab
..
..
..
..
..
..
12
27
..
..
..
..
..
39
Other disc, scs
17
1
15
40
5
9
165
54
..
20
..
4
..
330
Other causes
26
60
39
14
3
..
48
53
..
40
..
..
..
283
Total
43
61
54
54
8
9
225
134
..
60
..
4
..
652
Goats
Anthrax
2
..
..
2
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
..
..
12
Sheep pox
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Pleuro-pneumonia
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
3
..
1
..
..
..
7
Foot-and-mouth
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Scab
26
..
10
..
16
..
101
44
..
..
..
..
..
197
Other diseases
69
61
99
104
233
14
275
180
..
2
2
..
3
1,042
Other causes
512
182
60
73
184
4
207
195
..
32
..
10
21
1,480
Total
609
243
169
179
436
18
583
4 30
..
35
2
10
24
2,730
Dogs
Rabies
6
8
6
10
2
2
24
71
..
21
..
..
..
150
Other diseases
39
35
18
10
77
5
123
123
4
80
2
..
3
519
Other causes
55
12
5
13
104
4
73
91
..
40
..
..
..
397
Total
100
55
29
33
183
11
220
285
4
141
2
..
3
1,066
Camels
Surra
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Mange
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Pleuro-pneumonia
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Other diseases
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Other causes
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Total
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24
TABLE III
Summary of results of Preventive Inoculation in the Province of Assam during the year 1938-39
Districts
1
Cachar ..
Sylhet ..
Kamrup ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Goalpara ..
Name of disease against which
inoculation was undertaken
i
Rinderpest
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
Method of inoculation
1 3
Goat
Tissue
Vaccine
Method.
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Serum
alone
Method.
Scro-Virus
Method.
Goat
Tissue
Vaccine
Method.
Source of product
4
Veterinary Vac-
cine Section,
Bengal.
Ditto
Ditto
Imperial Insti-
tute of Vete-
rinary Research,
Mukteswar.
Veterinary
Vaccine Sec-
tion,
Bengal
and Imperial
Institute of Ve-
terinary Resear-
ch, Mukteswar.
Veterinary Vac-
cine
Section,
Bengal.
Number of outbreaks in which
inoculation was undertaken
5
119
446
412
..
..
114
Number of villages affected in
these outbreaks
6
129
574
544
....
..
288
Bovine population of affected
villages
7
23,782
1,49,957
1,67,716
..
..
57,410
Number of animals i
which died unino-
culated in course
of out-breaks
i
Bovines
9
2,701
12,415
6,364
..
..
1,653
Equines
9
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
| 10
..
..
..
..
..
..
Number of animals
inoculated
Bovines
11
14,655
64,607
89,816
15
174
38,525
Equines
12
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
13
..
..
..
..
..
..
Number of inoculat-
ed animals which
died of the disease
Bovines
14
91
857
526
..
..
98
Equines
15
..
..
..
..
..
..
others
16
..
..
..
..
..
..
Remarks
17
25
Darrang ..
Nowgong ..
Ditto ..
Khasi and
Jaintia
Hills.
Ditto ..
Garo Hills
Ditto ..
Sibsagar ..
Ditto ..
Lakhimpur
Ditto ..
Total
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Serum
alone Me
thod.
Sero-Virus
Method.
Serum
alone
Method.
Goat
Tissue
Vaccine
Method.
Serum
alone
Method.
Goat
Tissue
Vaccine
Method.
Serum
alone
method.
Goat
Tissue
Vaccine
Method.
Serum
alone
method.
..
Ditto
Ditto
Imperial Insti
tute of Veteri
nary Research,
Mukteswar.
Veterinary Vac
cine Section,
Bengal
and
Imperial Insti
tute of Veteri
nary Research,
Mukteswar.
Imperial Insti
tute of Veteri
nary Research
Mukteswar.
Veterinary Vac
cine Section,
Bengal.
Imperial Insti
tute of Veteri
nary Research,
Mukteswar.
Veterinary Vac
cine Section,
Bengal.
Imperial Insti-
tute of Veteri
nary Research,
Mukteswar.
Veterinary Vac
cine Section,
Bengal.
Imperial Insti
tute of Veteri
nary Research,
Mukteswar.
....
100
118
1
2
19
1
2
11
1
12
2
■
1,360
131
229
1
2
19
3
2
19
1
13
2
1,957
38,842
64,620
540
245
1,710
4,400
500
13,840
200
12,200
360
5,36,322
1,826
2,098
..
..
68
276
18
40
12
111
..
i
27,582
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
i
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20
20
23,887
21,799
351
193
1,279
2,861
61
10,458
98
9,839
..
2,78,618
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
194 |
194
99
20
1
3
..
14
..
2
1
12
..
1,724
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
..
..
26
TABLE III— concld.
Summary of results of Preventive Inoculation in the Province of Assam during the year 1938-39—concld.
Districts
1
Cachar ..
Sylhet ..
Kamrup ..
Goalpara ..
Nowgong ..
Sibsagar ..
Ditto ..
Name of disease against which
inoculation was undertaken
2
Anthrax
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
Method of inoculation
3
Serum
alone
method.
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Spore vac-
cine.
Source of product
4
Imperial Insti-
tute of Veteri-
nary Research,
Mukteswar.
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Number of outbreaks in which
inoculation was undertaken
5
2
1
4
8
1
14
2
Number of villages affected in
these outbreaks
6
2
1 i
4
8
1
14
2
Bovine population of affected
villages
7
1,109
250
525
5,420
195
1,866
434
Number of animals
which died unino-
culated in course
of outbreaks
Bovines
8
15
4
14
161
..
46
16
Equines
9
..
..
..
..
1
3
..
Others
10
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Number of animals
inoculated
Bovines
11
85
18
387
1,045
7
1,037
332
Equines
12
58
51
1
3
2
19
..
Others
13
..
..
..
..
..
2
..
Number of inoculat-
ed animals which
died of the disease
Bovines
14
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
Equines
15
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Others
16
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Remarks
17
27
Lakhimpur
Ditto
..
Naga Hills
Total ..
Cachar ..
Sylhet ..
Goalpara ..
Darrang ..
Nowgong ..
Sibsasjar ..
Ditto ..
Lakhimpur
Total
Darrang ..
Sibsagar ..
Total
Grand total
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
..
Hæmorrha-
gic Septi-
cæmia.
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
„ ..
..
Black
Quarter.
„ ..
..
..
Serum
alone
method.
Spore vac-
cine.
Serum
alone
method.
..
Serum
alone
method.
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Vaccine
Serum
alone
Method.
i
Serum
alone
method.
Ditto ..
..
..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Imperial Insti-
tute of Veteri-
nary Research,
Mukteswar.
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Ditto ..
Imperial Insti-
tute
Veteri-
nary Research,
Mukteswar.
Ditto ..
....
....
25
9
1
67
2
4
4
6
1
5
..
4
26
1
1
2
1,455
25
9
2
|
68
2
10
5
6
1
6
..
6
36
1
1
2
2,063
3,200
950
600
14,549
310
3,300
2,700
652
200
774
104
850
8,890
140
112
252
5,60,013 . 2
134
25
62
477
2
30
55
46
20
31
..
61
245
7
2
9
28,313
..
..
..
4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
..
..
25
25
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
i
..
..
..
..
45
2,037
750
59
5,757
22
433
313
526
72
340
104
510
2,320
58
20
78
2,86,773
9
..
..
143
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
143
..
..
30
32
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
226
10
..
1
12
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,736
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28
TABLE IV
Showing the number of animals treated and castrated by the Veterinary Assistant Surgeons on tour during the year 1938-39
Province
1
Silchar .. ..
Palonghat .. ..
Hailakandi .. ..
Sylhet Farm .. ..
Sylhet .. ..
Sylhet Local Board ..
Karimganj .. ..
Patharkandi .. ..
Maulvibazar .. ..
Kulaura .. ..
Habiganj .. ..
Shaistaganj .. ..
Number
of
villages
visited
2
412
241
456
56
284
285
310
310
357
294
279
463
Number
of
Veteri-
nary
Assistant
Surgeons
employ-
ed
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Castrations performed
Equi nes
4
..
..
1
..
..
..
2
..
..
..
1
Bovi ne s
5
591
448
786
..
568
212
1,235
437
966
2,050
569
813
Ot her s
6
2
2
17
..
30
5
6
11
63
223
3
61
Tot al
7
593
450
804
..
598
217
1,241
450
1,029
2,273
572
875
Treated for contagious
diseases
Equi nes
8
..
2
2
..
..
1
1
2
29
84
..
1
Bovi ne s
9
498
528
303
918
767
810
243
280
482
1,114
1,711
879
Ot her s
10
2
3
19
..
18
2
12
2
6
9
1
4
Tot al
11
500
533
324
918
785
813
256
284
517
1,207
1,712
884
Treated for non-contagious
diseases
Equines
12
13
29
19
..
10
4
34
37
87
313
34
166
Bovi ne s
13
2,297
2,228
2,812
1,399
3,044
2,278
2,660
2,176
1,991
1,610
1,905
3,553
Ot her s
14
22
59
103
116
165
24
122
56
28
146
15
64
Tot al
15
2,332
2,316
2,934
1,515
3,219
2,306
2,816
2,269
2,106
2,069
1,954
3,783
Total number of
cases treated and
castrations perform-
ed
16
3,425
3,299
4,062
2,433
4,602
3,336
4,313
3,003
3,652
5,549
4,238
5,542
Remarks
17