NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
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hospitals are controlled by a Society called the 'Bengal Council of Medical
Education'.
Matriculation of a recognised University or its equivalent examination
is the minimum education standard required for admission to the School.
No restriction of any kind is imposed on the admission of students. The
number of applicants during 1935, 1936 and 1937 was 187, 168 and 141
respectively out of which 11, 7 and 5 respectively were of Intermediate
standard.
Failed students are governed by the Rules and Regulations of the
State Medical Faculty of Bengal.
The maximum number of students working at a time in a practical class
is 40.
Students' Common room is used as a Reading Boom and for indoor
games.
A paper on "Role of infection in the Aetiology of Infantile Cirrhosis of
the Liver" and another on "Summer fever in Children" were published in
the Indian Medical Gazette, Vol. LXXI, No. 6 in June 1936 and, "The Anti-
septic" in March 1937 respectively.
MEDICAL SCHOOL, AGRA. (UNITED PROVINCES).
In 1854 Government proposed to establish a medical school attached to
the Thomason Hospital, Agra, which was built in the same year, for the
instruction of apprentices of Government dispensaries in vaccination work.
Dr. John Murray, the then Civil Surgeon and subsequently the first Princi-
pal of the School, however, suggested a general scheme which was duly sanc-
tioned, for the education of native doctors. Under this scheme the course
of training was to run for three years. The subjects to be studied were
Anatomy, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Botany, Medicine, Surgery and
Midwifery. In 1855, 35 pupils were enrolled and were paid a maintenance
allowance of Rs. 6 p.m. each. The first batch of 12 native doctors passed
out of the school in 1857. The final examination was held once a year in
April and students had to obtain 75 per cent. of the total marks in order to
pass the examination. In 1865 it was decided that only those students who
had done a year in the School dispensary or in a Regiment should be
admitted. It was in 1878 that a civil hospital. assistants class, as distinct
from the military medical class, was formed for the first time. The number
of students studying at the School rose to 193 men and 49 women in 1894.
The School was affiliated to the United Provinces State Board of Medical
Examinations in 1913, but with effect from the 15th November, 1926, State
Medical Faculty has been instituted in place of the old United Provinces
State Board of Medical Examinations. First Membership examination
was held in 1929.
The stipendiary or indenture system was abolished in 1924 and since
then all students are treated as private students and pay for their education
at the school.
The preliminary education standard now required for admission is a pass
at the High School Examination, with Chemistry and Physics, of the United
112
Provinces Board of Intermediate and High School Education or an equivalent
or higher examination of a University of the United Provinces. The ad-
mission to the School is made by a competitive pre-medical test in
Chemistry, Physics, English Composition and Viva voce. No system
of communal reservation obtains. Two candidates from Delhi Province
can be admitted if they pass the pre-medical test.
The number of applications received during 1935, 1936 and 1937 was
120, 146 and 160 out of which 8, 25 and 33 applicants respectively had
I.Sc. qualifications. In 1936 and 1937 four applications were received from
candidates possessing B.Sc. qualifications.
No candidate is promoted to the next higher class unless he passes in
all the subjects. Each unsuccessful candidate is given two chances to re-
appear in the subjects in which he fails. If he fails in both the chances, he
is required to re-appear in all the subjects subsequently.
The number of students working at a time in a practical class does not
exceed 40.
No special courses exist for compounders or sanitary inspectors' classes.
There is a Students' Clinical Society which publishes a biannual journal
named the "Clinical Society Journal". Meetings of the Society are held
regularly when papers of clinical interest are contributed by members of
the staff and students. The students' Reading Room subscribes to periodi-
cals and daily newspapers.
12 Research papers were published by the staff during the year 1936-37.
WOMEN ' S MEDICAL SCHOOL, AGRA. (UNITED .PROVINCES).
Medical training for women students was first started in Agra in 1883
when 4 women students were admitted to the Agra Medical School. A
Maternity Hospital for women was built in 1916 and the Women's Medical
School and Hospital were completely separated from the Men's School in
1923. The School is financed by Government but it also receives assistance
from the Central and Provincial Dufferin's Fund.
The preliminary education standard required for admission is a pass
at the Matriculation or an equivalent examination. The number of appli-
cations received in 1935, 1936 and 1937 was 109, 99 and 120 respectively
out of which 2 in 1935 and 1 in 1936 were from students with I Sc. qualifi-
cations.
No reservation of seats is made on any communal or other basis. Prefer-
ence is given to students domiciled in the United Provinces.
Not more than 16 students on an average work together at a time in a
practical class of Chemistry and 14 in a class of Physiology.
There is a Students' Club and a separate Reading Room
MEDICAL SCHOOL, AMRITSAR. (PUNJAB).
The School was started in Lahore in November, 1860 as a part of the
Medical College there, with two classes of students (i) the English speaking
class and (ii) the Hindustani speaking class which constituted the begin-
ning of this school. In 1910 on the death of King Edward VII, it was
113
decided to perpetuate his memory in the Punjab by a King Edward Memo
¬rial in the form of a new King Edward Medical College and School which
was formally opened by Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy of India, in 1915.
Owing to the steadily increasing number of students seeking admission to
the combined institution and the need for providing requisite facilities and
teaching material for students, the school was separated in 1920 and trans
¬ferred to Amritsar, where it was at first accommodated in a small building.
The School building now consists of three blocks—Administrative block, the
main block and the Anatomy block. The Hostel buildings consist of two
blocks, accommodating 320 students. It has a spacious play ground and a
newly built swimming tank. Pari passu with these developments have
grown the number of students and the standard of education. The standard
of admission to the School at its commencement was very low, instruction
being imparted in Urdu. Later the minimum qualifications required for
admission were raised and the medium of instruction was changed into
English in 1915. Co-education was started in 1933.
At present the minimum qualification required for admission is Matri-
culation of a recognised University.
The number of applications received in 1935, 1936 and 1937 was 353,
324 and 340 respectively. Out of these 13, 21 and 24 in 1935, 1936 and
1937 respectively were received from students possessing I.Sc. qualifica¬
tions.
10 to 15 per cent. of the total vacancies are reserved for other admi
¬nistrations (North-West Frontier Province, Jammu and Kashmir and other
Indian States), 2 seats are reserved for departmental candidates selected by
the Inspector General of Civil Hospitals for L.S.M.F. class from amongst
dispensers. The remaining seats, including 15 reserved for women candi
¬dates are open to Punjab students and are filled on a communal basis—40
per cent. by Mohammedans, 20 per cent. by Sikhs and 40 per cent. by
others.
Selection is made strictly on merits provided the candidate is physically
it, physical fitness being determined by an examination and eye sight test
conducted by the Principal assisted by the members of the staff. The age
of the candidate must be between 16 and 21 years.
A candidate, who fails to pass, may be admitted to one or more subse-
quent examinations on payment of the examination fee on each occasion
and on producing a certificate that the candidate has, since the date of last
examination, received to the satisfaction of the Head of the School, further
instruction in the subject or subjects in which the candidate has failed, not
more than 12 months previously (provided that after four failures the candi
¬date shall not be admitted to further examination), but this rule is not
applicable to the students of the final year class.
On an average 35 to 40 students work at a time in a practical class.
Arrangements also exist for the training of Dispensers and Dressers.
The period of training for the combined course is two years ; separately the
dispensers course lasts for 18 months and dressers course for 12 months.
Classes for Nursing Probationers are also held.
H
114
There is a Students Union which runs a School Magazine and holds
social and literary meetings of students. Reading Room subscribes to19
publications. Library consists of 2833 volumes.
During 1936-37 a paper on Prognostic Significance of Icterus Index
in Lobar Pneumonia was published and research work on Ankylostorniasis
is being done in the Physiology Department. A Tuberculosis Enquiry
with reference to the types of Tubercle Bacilli causing Surgical and abdomi-
nal tuberculosis in Amritsar is being conducted in the Pathology Depart-
ment of the school. It is financed by the local Municipality.
THE LUDHIANA MEDICAL SCHOOL FOR MEN, LUDHIANA. (PUNJAB).
The existing accommodation at the Medical School, Amritsar, being
found inadequate to cope with the pressing need and increasing demand
for medical education in the Punjab, the late Dr. B. D. Soni, M.B., B.S.,
with the co-operation of some spirited public workers started this school
on 11th June, 1934 and obtained recognition by the Punjab Medical Council
on 23rd February, 1935. The School is at present recognised upto the
III Year class. After the death of Dr. B. D. Soni, the Governing Body
of the school, faced with financial difficulties, handed over the institution
to the Managing Committee of the Arya High School, Ludhiana, which
has now appointed a Managing Body for the control and management of
the School.
The minimum educational qualification required of a candidate for
admission to the school is Matriculation with Science as a special subject.
Preference is given to F. Sc. students.
The number of applications received in 1935, 1936 and 1937 was
43, 43 and 46 respectively. 4, 5 and 2 applications in 1935, 1936 and 1937
respectively were received from students possessing F. Sc. qualifications.
Admission is made by a special committee appointed for this purpose.
Students are called for personal interview and the best of the lot are
selected. No seats are reserved for any community.
Every unsuccessful candidate is given four chances to reappear at an
examination, and if he is even then unable to qualify he ceases to be the
student of the school.
On an average 45 students work at a time in a practical class of
Physics, Physiology, Histology and Anatomy and 25 in a class of Chemistry,
Pathology and Pharmacy.
The general activities of the students are regulated by the students'
union called the Ludhiana Medical School Union, under which there is
a Sports' Committee. Reading Room subscribes to Medical Journals
and other daily newspapers. Library consists of 200 books and a large
number of old journals.
WOMEN ' S CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE, LUDHIANA. (PUNJAB).
The School was founded in 1894 by Dr. Edith Brown, D.B.E., M.A.,
M.D., starting with a class of 4 students. At present the number of
students is 130. During the past forty-three years 333 students have
115
graduated. The expenditure has increased from Rs. 4,500 in the first
year to approximately rupees 2 lakhs now.
Admission to the school is made on the basis of educational qualifica-
tions. I.Sc. and F.Sc. students are given preference to 1st division
Matriculates with mathematics, and 2nd division Matriculation is the
minimum qualification required for admission. The number of applications
received in 1935, 1936 and 1937 was 100, 156 and 129 respectively. The
number of students with I Sc. qualifications admitted to the school in
1935 and 1937 was 1 and 4 respectively.
50 per cent. of the seats are reserved for the Punjab province and
two seats for North-West Frontier Province, 1/3 being for non-Christians.
Preference is given to Mohammedans on account of the difficulty they
have to face in studying in Men's schools. Students are admitted on 3
months' probation and if their work is not upto the standard they are
asked to leave the school after that period.
A failed candidate is given 3 chances to reappear in the examination.
After that he is expected to leave the school.
The maximum number of students working at a time in practical classes
is 20.
Arrangements exist for the training of Nurses, Midwives, Nurse-Dais
and Indigenous Dais, and Lady compounders.
Students are divided into groups under the care of members of the
staff. These groups compete in games. There is a Ranger Company
in connection with the Girls Guides' Association. The students' Reading
Room subscribes to a daily newspaper and other magazines.
ROBERTSON MEDICAL SCHOOL, NAGPUR. (CENTRAL PROVINCES).
It is a Government institution and was opened in July 1914 with a
view to afford facilities for medical education to the residents of Central
Provinces and Berar.
The minimum educational qualification required for admission to the
school is matriculation for male students. There is a competitive entrance
examination for all male candidates except graduates and State candi-
dates. Candidates, in order of merit, from amongst the successful ones
are selected for interview and if found suitable are admitted. Women
applicants are called for interview after they have passed a test conducted
by the Director of Public Instruction, Central Provinces, which is of the
matriculation standard, and if found suitable are admitted. Admissions
are limited to about 40 per annum, 20 per cent. of the vacancies being
reserved for women candidates.
Applications received during 1935, 1936 and 1937 were 175, 235 and 223
respectively. 5, 11 and 20 candidates with I.Sc. qualifications applied
in 1935, 1936 and 1937 respectively.
First and second year students are given 4 chances to reappear at the
examination in which they fail. Afterwards their names are removed
from the rolls of the school.
30 students on an average work at a time in a practical class.
H2
116
Arrangements exist for the training of compounders in an annual nine
months training class. Two months special training is given to compounders
trained elsewhere who either do not hold the trained compounders' diploma
or are sent by the Civil Surgeons for refreshing their knowledge.
Papers on (i) Some reflections on diagnosis and treatment of poisoning
in general and (ii) Asthma, were published by a member of the staff
during 1936-37.
DARBHANGA MEDICAL SCHOOL, LAHERIASERAI (BHIAR).
It is a Government institution. The late Maharajadhiraj of Darbhanga
had contributed five lakhs of rupees towards the scheme for raising the
Temple Medical School to a Medical College at Patna and opening of a
Medical School elsewhere, as it was not possible to house the Medical
School and a Medical College together. Darbhanga was decided upon as
the most suitable place for the Medical School, as it had 2 large Hospitals,
one maintained by the Maharajadhiraj of Darbhanga and the other local
Sadr Hospital, and the site for the Medical School was selected between
the two hospitals. The foundation stone of the Medical School was laid
by Sir Henry Wheeler in 1923.
On the establishment of the Medical College, Patna, the old Temple
Medical School which was established in 1874 and opened by Sir Richard
Temple, the then Governor of Bengal, was transferred to Darbhanga in
August 1925 and designated as "Darbhanga Medical School".
The minimum qualification required for admission to the school is
2nd division Matriculation of Patna University or 1st division Matriculation
of any other University. Admission is made in order of merit and best
candidates are selected. No communal reservation obtains and no seats
are reserved for women students.
The number of applications received in 1935, 1936 and .1937 was 208,
178 and 210 respectively. Out of these 10, 8 and 13 applications in 1935,
1936 and 1937 respectively were received from students possessing I.Sc.,
qualification.
Only in first year if a student fails to pass his annual examination
he is given chance to appear again after 6 months. If he fails to pass
the Primary Board Examination even then, his name is struck off but
he may seek admission as a fresh candidate.
20 students, on an average, work at a time in a practical class except
in Anatomy where 80 students dissect bodies at a time.
There is a students' Library, Athletic Club, Dramatic Club and Students'
Thrift Society. The School runs a Students' Magazine.
117
BERRY WHITE MEDICAL SCHOOL, DIBRUGARH. (ASSAM).
Formerly tea gardens used to employ Board passed compounders
w h o , a f t e r a c e r t a i n n u m b e r o f y e a r s ' g a r d e n w o r k , u s e d t o b e e x a m i n e d b y
a Board consisting of the Civil Surgeon, Lakhimpur, and two European
Medical Officers of the tea gardens. Dr. John Berry White, who was one
of the members of the Board, thought that a higher standard of efficiency
in these medical subordinates was necessary. He donated a sum of
Rs. 50,000 with which the Berry White Medical School was started in 1900
for training Licentiates.
Matriculation is the minimum educational qualification required for
admission to the school. Admission is made on a communal and territorial
basis. With effect from the year 1937 two seats have been sanctioned by
the Local Government for women candidates but no woman candidate
applied for admission.
The number of applicants who applied for admission to the school in
1935, 1936 and 1937 was 138, 150 and 144 respectively. Out of these
10, 14 and 26 in 1935, 1936 and 1937 respectively possessed I.Sc. quali-
fications.
A first year student who fails at the school test examination shall
automatically be removed from the rolls. He can obtain permission to
have his name retained, but his retention will depend upon the report
of the teachers with regard to his conduct, diligence and regularity of
attendance. Second and third year students are given 4 chances to re-
appear at the examination in which they fail. After the fourth failure
their names are removed from the rolls of the school. A fourth year
failed candidate is retained in the same class until he passes.
The number of students working at a time in a practical class is 30
to 50 in Anatomy and Chemistry and 10 to 16 in Physics, Pathology and
Pharmacy.
Arrangements exist for the training of compounders. The period of
training is 2 years. A Dhai class also exists in the School. The duration
of the course of training for this class is 12 months.
The school has a separate Common Room which is used both as a
Reading Room and a Club. The "Berry White Medical School Journal"
is published quarterly by the staff and students but during 1936-37 only
one issue was published.
ORISSA MEDICAL SCHOOL, CUTTACK. (ORISSA).
It is a Government institution and was established in 1875 under the
auspices of Sir Richard Temple the then Lieut.-Governor of Bengal, Mr.
118
T. E. Ravenshaw, Commissioner of Orissa and Lieut.-Colonel W. D.
Stewart, Civil Surgeon of Cuttack. The course of study was three
years upto the end of 1895-96. From 1896-97 to 1898-99 only 3 students
took up the 4th year course annually as bonded students on a stipend of
Rs. 20 per month each on the condition that they would take up Govern-
ment service on acquiring the necessary qualifications. The four years'
course was regularly started from 1899-1900. Upto 1903-04 the students
qualified themselves on the result of the oral examination only held by
a Committee appointed by Government, but since 1904-05 the examinations
were partly written and partly oral. The present system of examinations
and licensing was introduced by the Bihar and Orissa Medical Examination
Board in 1916-17.
Matriculation of a recognised University or any other examination
recognised by Government as equivalent thereto is the minimum quali-
fication required for admission to the school.
Admission of male candidates to the school is restricted to natives of
the Province or persons domiciled therein—20 to 25 per cent. of the
seats being allotted to the latter class. Concession is allowed to genuine
Oriya students from Chhota Nagpur in Bihar provided seats are available
after accommodating the natives and those domiciled in Orissa. Not more
than 10 per cent. of the vacancies are allotted to students coming from
other provinces. There is no provincial restriction for women students:
121, 109 and 124 applications were received in 1935, 1936 and 1937
with 4, 2 and 1 applications respectively from candidates having I. Sc.
qualifications.
A first year student, who fails to obtain 33 per cent. marks in Physics
and Chemistry at the sessional examinations, is promoted to the 2nd
year class provisionally but is required to reappear in that subject at the
next Primary examination of the Board, provided he passes in it at the
sessional examination held just before the Board examination. Should
he fail again, he is removed from the school. If he fails to obtain 40 per
cent. marks either in Anatomy, Materia Medica or Physiology, he is
provisionally promoted to the second year class and is re-examined in that
subject after three months. Should he fail again in that subject he is
dealt with as a new candidate. A second year student who fails to
obtain 40 per cent. marks in any one subject at the sessional examination
is allowed to appear at the Intermediate examination of the Board after
six months provided he passes in the sessional examination held before
the Board examination. A third year student who fails to secure 40 per
cent. marks in any one subject is given two chances to reappear at the
next sessional examination in that subject only. A fourth year student
who fails to obtain 40 per cent. marks in the sessional examinations in
not more than two subjects is detained for six months and allowed to