H. K.
LALL
15
TABLE V
Reaction in Hill and Betal goats, showing the variation in susceptibility
Nos. of goats
B 102 . . . .
B
11
.
.
.
.
B 31
.
.
.
.
B 879 . . . .
B 43
.
.
.
.
H 88
.
.
.
.
H 87
.
.
.
.
H 83
.
.
.
.
H 84 . . . .
H 86
.
.
.
.
H 80 . . . .
H 79 . . . .
H 82 . . . .
H 81 . . . .
Mode of virus administration
Goatis followed by 5 c.c. of
serum
do. . . . .
do. . . . .
do. . . . .
Goatis followed by 8 c.c. of
serum
Goatis followed by 5 c.c. of
serum 15—30 minutes later
do.
.
.
.
.
do. . . . .
do.
.
.
.
.
Goatis followed by 8 c.c. of
serum
Goatis alone
.
.
.
.
do. . . . .
do. . . . .
do. . . . .
Day of reaction
3rd day . . .
do. . . . .
do. . . . .
do. . . . .
4th day . . .
2nd day . . .
3rd day . . .
do. . . . .
do. . . . .
2nd day . . .
3rd day . . .
do. . . . .
do. . . . .
do. . . . .
Duration of reaction
5 days
3 days
2 days
8 days
1 day
5 days
do.
do.
do.
4 days
7 days
9 days
7 days
9 days
It was observed that the reaction in hill goats lasted longer than in the Betals, but these goats being
more active by nature, did not exhibit any thermal sign of dullness, even when they had pyrexia. In
the group of hill goats in which no serum was administered, no death occurred, but degree of pyrexia,
duration of reaction and dullness were more marked. In case of Betal No. 43, which got 8 c.c. of
serum, it was interesting to observe that it reacted for a day only. This observation points towards
assessing of proper dosage of serum to attenuate the goatis so as to produce a mild reaction. These
findings lead us to the conclusion that hill goats can also be immunized by serum-goatis method and
are not as highly susceptible as the local hill goats. These animals had been born and bred at Hissar
and whether that made any difference in their behaviour to goatis is difficult to decide, but the
indications are that their susceptibility is reduced in plains as proved by the results of an experiment
carried out at Kangra, which showed that these were more susceptible, though no strict comparison
can be made because there the goats of other breeds like Betal, etc., were not employed in the experi-
ment at the same time. Haddow in this connection [1939] has stated ' that hill goats like hill cattle
are experimentally highly susceptible.' Some healthy animals including some bovines were left in
direct contact with the immunized animals and were feeding and drinking from the same trough, to see
their potentiality for spreading the disease and it was observed 'that they did not spread the disease
to in-contact animals of their own species or the bovines. Thus, in villages where segregation is not
always possible, there would be no danger of spread of the disease from vaccinated to the
unvaccinated ones. A similar observation has been recorded by Cornell et al [1941] in case of bovines,
though DeCosta [1937] has reported otherwise.
Immunity test
Strain of bull virus H.S. 217 .
Date of despatch . . .
Date of experiment . . .
218 E line
19 March, 1945
23 March, 1945
The bull virus of a virulent strain was obtained per messenger from Mukteswar to test the im-
munity of goats vaccinated with serum goatis. Four Betal goats (Nos. 100, 70, 91, 78) and four
hill goats (Nos. 76, 137, 155, 75), along with three buffalo calves to act as controls, were injected with
bull virus. The goats were given 1½ to 2 c.c. of bull virus per head while the buffalo calves were
given 5 c.c. All the Betal goats which had given a mild or even a blocked reaction with serum and
goatis inoculation failed to react to bull virus, thus proving that the serum and goatis inoculation
had conferred solid immunity. The hill goats (Nos. 76, 137, 75), which had been inoculated with