NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
24
Vaccinator Mohyddin Khan (Amarwara Circle). This man can vacci-
nate very well if he likes, but his work this year did not compare favourably with
that of other Vaccinators, and in one instance he noted the results of his work
from the statements of the village Kotwar, instead of making the enquiry himself,
and from what I saw of his work, he has resorted more frequently to the use of
crusts and points than was desirable or necessary. He has vaccinated 868 cases
during the season.
Vaccinator Gunpat Singh (Umret and Jarnbye Circles). Much im-
provement has taken place in Gunpat Singh's work. Most of it has been " arm
to arm" instead of from crusts and points, and he has vaccinated 997 cases during
the season. In several villages I noticed that vaccination was only performed
on one arm in two or three places, he stated that it was because the children were
too young but I am inclined to think that it was because he had not sufficient
lymph to vaccinate on both arms. My experience goes to show that the amount
of suffering is not much more increased by the number of vesicles, while the pro-
tection afforded is far greater and more permanent where there are 6 vesicles or
marks than in only 2 or 1, more especially with native children, and the children
having been once brought up, it is always wiser to vaccinate in six places than in
four or less, for the chances of failure are then much fewer.
Your letetr No. 425,
dated 24th Nov. 1873.
Vaccinator Sita Ram (Sausar, Ramakona, Lodhikhera and Harrai
Circles) has vaccinated 1,326 cases during the season. His-
work generally was very good indeed, and most of it " arm
to arm", and I would recommend that the fine imposed upon
him by you be remitted. Particular attention was paid to his work, owing to the
outbreak of small pox in his Circles, but I was unable to detect one case in which
small-pox occurred after vaccination.
I send for perusal extracts from the Vaccination Diary kept up by me,
in which I have grouped together the inspections made of each man's work. The
inspections were carried out by writing down on a rough piece of paper the child's
name and father's name, noting the number and state of the vesicles or marks on
each arm, and then comparing them with the results in the Vaccinator's Register
or Village lists. In this way it was always easy to ascertain from the parents
whether vaccination was" arm to arm" or otherwise, as well as to discover any
other points of interest connected with the sanitary condition of the village, the
supply of water, presence of any particular disease. &c , with a view to either
alleviating the evil or bringing it to the notice of the District authorities.
Appendix II.
Report by Surgeon B. Evers, Civil Surgeon, on Vaccine operations in the Seoni
district, Central Provinces, for the season 1873-74.
As in the previous year, vaccination was kept up in the Sadar town and in
some parts of the district, all through the hot months and the rains, so as to
secure a supply of fresh lymph for the working season. The results for these
months may be thus tabulated :—
Months.
May ...
June ...
July ...
August ...
September ...
October ...
Number
Vaccinated.
21
8
16
124
168
136
Successful.
16
4
7
78
107
110
Unsuccessful.
1
2
2
35
49
13
Doubtful.
3
...
7
11
12
11
Unknown.
1
2
...
...
...
2
Total.
21
8
16
124
166
136
With the two tubes of English lymph received from the Sanitary Com
missioner in November last I vaccinated two children ; the operation was suc-
cessful in both cases. In January of this year 1 received two more tubes of
lymph (English) for trial and report. Two children were carefully vaccinated,
but in one case only was the result successful.
2. The Vaccinators in this district are on the Imperial Establishment.
The Staff consists of:—
1,
4.
3
3
.—Native Superintendent on a salary of Rs. 25 per mensem.
—First Class Vaccinators
„
„ 15 each.
—Second
„
„
„ 12
„
—Third
„
„
„ 10
„
The working season extended from November 1873, to very nearly the end
of April 1874.
3. In compliance with the orders of the Sanitary Commissioner, the
work this year was not limited to any particular locality, but was distributed
over the district generally.
The district was divided into 9 circles (the largest village in the circle
being its head-quarters), and a Vaccinator was appointed to each. The Seoni
circle, however; being a large one; had two Vaccinators assigned to it.
The usual " parwanas" certifying these men to be Government servants,
and authorized to vaccinate, were issued to the Vaccinators by the Deputy Com-
missioner. The mode of working was this. On arrival at a village, the Vacci-
nator applied to the Malguzar and Kotwal to collect all the children in the
court-yard of the former's house ; this done, the Vaccinator selected and opera-
ted on such of the children who did not bear marks of small-pox or of previous
successful vaccination. The advantage of the plan is, that the poorer villagers,
and the low caste people see that all are impartially dealt with,—the child of
the wealthy Malguzar, the exclusive Brahmin, and the despised Gond, being
all treated alike. There is besides, the force of example in it, for when the better
classes submit with a good grace, the poorer people raise no objections what-
ever, but simply follow the lead of their superiors.
S L P 6-10—31-290
28
answered in the affirmative. Vaccine matter, it is well known, retains its ' activity'
for a considerable time ; in fact it is a special and beneficent design of nature
that this should be so. Points charged with lymph may be safely kept for four
or five days ; crusts retain their activity for nearly a month ; and lymph in tubes
may be kept in a live state for upwards of two months in the hottest time of the
year.
On the 22nd April 1873 I set aside, by way of experiment, two tubes of
vaccine lymph ; the hollow bamboo in which they were contained was placed in
a saucer of water, care was taken to keep up a supply of water sufficient to
float the bamboo ; on the 15th July 1873 (perhaps the worst month for vaccine
operations,) I vaccinated 5 children with the lymph from these tubes, and the re-
sults were, 2 successful (typical vesicles), 2 doubtful (small and imperfect vesi-
cles), and 1 unsuccessful. From the successful cases other children were
vaccinated successfully,—proof positive that the eruptions were not mere " local
pustules."
Now, Vaccinators seldom keep points more than two or three days ; and as
for crusts and tubes, they are generally used within a week. Under these cir-
cumstances, I consider that the percentage of successful cases in mediate vaccina-
tion will be found to be very little, if at all, lower than the percentage of suc-
cessful cases in immediate vaccination.
There can be no doubt that failure sometimes results even when the lymph
in a tube is really good ; and the same may be said of arm-to-arm vaccination ;
but in both cases the failure depends upon some peculiarity in " the original
formative type" of the constitution of the individual operated on. In the same
way may be explained the greater susceptibility of certain persons to small-pox,
even after they have been successfully vaccinated.
This year I gave particular orders that the vaccinators should note in
every case whether vaccination had been performed from arm-to-arm, or by
means of lymph in tubes, or by means of crusts and points; and the result is thus
shown:—
By means of
Points ...
Arm-to-arm ...
Crusts ...
Tubes ...
Total number vacci-
nated.
12,539
1,014
896
738
Number of successful
cases.
11,602
948
799
679
Ratio per cent of successful
cases to total vaccinated.
92.52
93.49
89.17
92.00
The excess in the percentage of successful cases from arm-to-arm vaccination
is certainly nothing to boast of.
My views on this subject will probably be considered heterodox, but until
they are disproved, I must continue " to doubt the fact" of the superior efficacy of
arm to arm vaccination. I hope I am not misunderstood ; by all means practise
immediate vaccination when it is possible to do so, but do not by any means
disparage mediate vaccination.
29
8. The amount of work done during the year may be thus tabulated :—
From May to October 1873
1873-74, working season from November to March
Total ...
473
14,714
15,187
The number returned for April 1874 is 1,136, but this, in accordance with
the orders of the Sanitary Commissioner, will be carried to credit of next season's
work. The decrease in the total, as compared with the returns for 1872-73, is to
be explained by the fact that vaccination has been carried on regularly in this
district ever since 1870.
The total number of births (including the Katanghi Tahsil for the first three
months of 1873) amounted to 8,930, and the total number of deaths of children un-
der one year, was 1,409. In the season of 1872-73, I found that very young
children, when vaccinated, not unfrequently suffered from unhealthy sores about
the arms, 1 therefore directed that no child under three months of age was to be
vaccinated. Sickly and weakly looking children were also exempted.
9. The usual statements giving details of the work done, are herewith sub-
mitted.
10. The Native Superintendent, Bapudeo Misser, and the Vaccinators
generally have worked well. Third Class Vaccinator Syed Hossein again heads
the list, and I have much pleasure in bringing him to the notice of the Sanitary
Commissioner. Vaccinator Mahomed Ali has been suspected of leaving his Cicrle
without permission, and his work this year has been anything but satisfactory.
He has been fined a month's pay, and he will further forfeit his leave during the
non-working season.
11. My report has been delayed partly in consequence of two of the Vacci-
nators not having returned to the Sadar station until the 26th April, and partly
because a good deal of time was spent in carefully examining every man's re-
gister, with the object of ensuring accuracy in the returns.
c—6 -33-290
Appendix No. III.
Report by Surgeon H. G. Hall, Civil Surgeon, Betul, of the Vaccine operations
carried on in the District of Betut, Central Provinces, during the year 1873-74.
I have the honor to forward to you the Vaccination Report of this
district for the working season just ended, together with the usual tabular State-
ments.
On the 3rd of September 1873, 3 tubes of Native lymph were received from
Lymph received.
your office.
On the 5th 2 children were vaccinated with this lymph; both cases were
successful.
On the 11th 6 more children were successfully operated on with this fresh
lymph taken from the arms of those two successful cases On the 17th, 14
children were inoculated from arm to arm, from the 6 cases done on the 11th ; of
these, 10 were successful, 1 unsuccessful, and 3 unknown. On the 23rd 15
children were secured from arm to arm inoculation, of whom 13 were successful,
and 2 unknown. On the 29th 4, and on the 3rd October, 2 children were vac-
cinated from arm to arm, all were successful. On October 5th 8 children were
inoculated from arm to arm, 7 were successful, and 1 unsuccessful.
Up to this date; October 5th, 51' children were vaccinated at the Sadar
Dispensary, of whom 44 were successful, and from these I obtained a sufficient
quantity of lymph.to enable me to send the Vaccinators to their allotted localities.
On January 15th, two tubes of English lymph were received from the Offi-
ciating Sanitary Commissioner ; 7 children were vaccinated with this lymph,
6 of whom were successful, and I was unsuccessful.
The Native Superintendent reported his arrival on the 30th September.
On the 7th October, each Vaccinator was supplied.with 30 freshly armed
points and 10 tubes, and was sent off to work.
The Establishment consists of 1. Native Superintendent at Rs.
2 1st Class Vaccinators „
„
4 2nd Class
.,
„ „
4 3rd „
„
„ „
25
15
12.
10
My present Superintendent was sent to me last September, from Chhindwara ;
although he has served for some 6 or 7 years as Vaccinator, he never acted as Su-
perintendent until he came here. He was strange both to his work, his men,
and to the ground he had to go over, and consequently could not get on quite as
quickly as one who knew all three from previous years. He has been very dili-
gent and hard working, and I am sure that when he becomes thoroughly acquaint-
ed with his men and the district, he will do much better.
36
2nd Class Vaccinator Pandoba has performed about 950 operations during the
season. He could have easily doubled this result had be worked with energy ;
but then his cases appear to have been done with care, and the cicatrices are well
marked. His work has shown a percentage of 91.95 successful cases.
2nd Class Vaccinator Faizouddeen did tolorably well; his cases were not as
numerous as they could have been, but he was in hospital for more than a month,
which may in a measure account for this. However, he appears to have exercised
considerable care, as his work shows a percentage of 97.34 of successful cases.
3rd Class Vaccinator Mohiouddeen Khan was unfortunately in hospital for a
considerable portion of the working season ; but notwithstanding this, he did a
fair amount of work, and shows the highest percentage of successful cases,
being 99.20. His returns have been found correct, and he has been well con-
ducted.
3rd Class Vaccinator Dabee Deen was employed by me at the commence-,
ment of this season with the sanction of the Acting Sanitary Commissioner,
and for the first 5 or 6 weeks he remained with the Native Superintendent in,
order to learn his work ; he got on so well, that I put him in charge of 3 Circles
about the latter end of November. He has vaccinated 1,000 children during the
season, and he appears to have done his work very carefully, as his percentage of
successful cases is 98.55. I was unable to inspect his work, but I sent the Native
Superintendent, who reports his returns correct, and the cicatrices well marked. He
has been very steady, and well conducted, and seems to have got on well with
the people,—a fact I attribute to his being a high caste Brahmin.
3rd Class Vaccinator Anajee Persram turned out very badly, He neglected
to leave village forms in the villages. He did very little work, and even that
was badly done. When inspecting his Circles I was accompanied by Surgeon-
Major Barter, the Acting Sanitary Commissioner. A number of false entries,
were found in his returns, and the man was dismissed,—see your office No. 47,
dated 31st January 1874. I sent two men to go over his Circles and check all
his work, the result is shown in Statement No. I,
3rd Class Vaccinator Raghoonath Sing was employed by me to fill the
vacancy formed by the dismissal of Anajee Persram. He has been well con-
ducted and attentive ; he is only a few months employed, and has done very well
so far.
3rd Class Vaccinator Beharee Lall has been attached to my camp when on
tour ; when I was at the Sadar Station he was engaged vaccinating children,
in villages wherever I found it necessary to send a special Vaccinator. From
his knowledge of English, Hindi, Urdu, and Marathi, I found him or rather made
him very useful in translating Native manuscripts, checking Vaccinators' re-
turns, and in reading the village forms. He has been very attentive and hard
working, he is now five years in the service, and I would recommend him for;
promotion to 2nd class,
Conclusion.
In passing through the district, a considerable improvement is percepti¬
ble in the cleanliness of many of the villages within the
last few years,
A.—STATE
Showing particulars of Vaccination in each Circle of superintendence
1
Circle.
2
Name and rack of
Superintendent.
Surgeon B. Evers,
Civil Surgeon ...
Apothecary A. G.
Price, Civil Me-
dical Officer
Surgeon H. G.
Hall, M D., Civil
Surgeon.
Grand Total ...
3
4
Number of Native Superinten¬
dents.
1873-74
1
1
11
3
1872-73
1
1
1
3
Number of Vaccinators.
1873-74
10
10
10
30
1872-73
10
10
10
30
5
Total number of persons vacci-
nated.
1873-74
15,202
12,240
13,823
41,265
1872-73
19,822
11,640
13,636
45,098
6
Collectorate, Political Agency or Native
States in Which vaccinations were performed
during the year.
Seoni ...
Chhindwara
Betul ...
7
Population of area included in last column.
160,542
126,084
316,095
241,780
844,451
8
Name of portion of District
or of Town.
Seoni Tahsil ...
Laknadon ditto ...
Total ..
Chhindwara Tahsil
Chhindware Town
Lodhikhera Town ...
Saosar Tahsil ...
Jaghirs ...
Total ...
Betul Tahsil ...
Multai ditto ...
Total ...
A.
Sex.
Male.
5,281
4,468
7,749
3,545
111
41
1,622
664
5,983
5,169
1,722
6,891
20,623
Female.
5,323
2,115
7,438
3,332
107
65
1,576
620
5,700
5,198
1,734
6,932
20,070
MENT No. I.
in the Central Provides during the year 1873-74.
9
Primary-Vaccination.
Christian.
5
...
5
…
2
...
...
...
9
...
...
...
7
B.
Caste.
Hindu.
4,382
3,510
5,802
3,927
200
103
1,868
319
6,417
9,178
2,860
12,038
24,347
Mohammadas
390
219
609
133
9
2
58
6
208
27
31
58
875
Other Casts.
5,821
2,854
8,631
2,817
7
1
1,272
909
5,050
1,162
565
1,727
15,464
C.
Age.
Under
1
year.
2,571
1,445
3,316
4,072
175
38
125
178
7,338
3,493
1,339
4,832
15,946
Above
1
year.
8,099
3,333
15,371
1,905
43
38
1,293
1,106
4,385
6,874
2,117
8,991
24,747
Results.
Successful
9,770
4,258
14,028
6,582
216
101
2,999
1,245
11,143
9,521
3,337
12,858
38,029
Unsuccessful including
those
"doubtful"
524
213
732
219
1
5
131
20
876
373
49
422
1,535
Unknown
310
112
429
76
1
...
68
19
164
473
70
543
1,129
D.
Total.
10,604
4,583
15,187
6,877
218
106
3,198
1,284
11,683
10,367
3,456
13,823
40,692
10
Revaccination.
A.
Sucesssful.
5
4
9
231
3
…
24
...
258
...
...
...
267
B.
Unsuccessful
including Those
5
1
6
259
...
...
1
...
260
...
...
...
266
C.
Unknown.
...
...
...
38
...
…
1
...
39
...
...
...
39
D.
Total.
10
5
15
528
3
...
26
...
557
...
...
...
572
11
Percentage of
successful cases,
excluding those
"unknown"
from the total.
In primary vaccination.
94.90
95.23
95.00
96.78
99.53
95.27
95.80
98.41
96.73
96.23
98.55
96.82
96.12
In secondary vaccination.
50.00
80.00
60.00
47.15
100.00
0.00
96.00
0.00
49.80
...
...
...
50.09
12
Average number of persons Vaccinated by
each Vaccinator.
1628.33
1145.75
1520.
1224.
1224.
1382.30
1382.30
1375.50
A—STATEMENT No. II.
Showing the monthly number and results of Vaccinations performed in each Circle of
superintendence in the Central Provinces during 1873-74.
1
Circle of superintendence.
2
Months
April
1873 ...
May
„ ...
June
„ ...
July
„ ...
August
„ ...
September „ ...
October
„ ...
November „ ...
December „ ...
January 1874 ...
February „ ...
March
„ ...
3
Districts in which operations
where chiefly conducted in each
month.
Betul and Chhindwara ...
Chhindwara and Seoni ..
ditto …
ditto …
ditto …
ditto …
Betul, Chhindwara and
Seoni
..
ditto
..
ditto
..
ditto …
ditto …
ditto …
Total ...
4
Total number vaccinated.
660
47
33
48
139
198
2,280
9,645
8,306
7,102
6,194
6,613
41,265
5
Results
Successful
628
41
29
37
88
135
2,177
8,787
7,907
6,617
5,763
6,087
38,296
Unsuccessful including those
"doubtful"
24
5
2
11
51
63
81
465
258
285
254
302
1,801
Unknown
8
1
2
…
…
…
22
393
141
200
177
224
1,168
6
Total
660
47
33
48
139
198
2,280
9,645
8,306
7,102
6,194
6,613
41,265
7
Average percentage of successful cases ex-
cluding those "unknown" from the total
96.31
89.13
93.55
77.08
63.31
68.18
96.41
94.97
96.84
95.87
95.77
95.27
95.50
A—STATEMENT No. III.
Showing the expenditure of Vaccine Department in each Circle of superintendence
in the Central Provinces during the year 1873-74.
1
A.—Paid
by Government.
Travelling Allowance and Contingencies. …
3 Native Superintendents, at Rs. 25 per mensem …
40 Vaccinators, at Es. 15 per mensem
..
10
do.
12
do.
..
10
do.
10
do. ..
Total paid by Government
B.—Paid by Government,
Municipal and Local Funds.
4 Native Superintendent, at Rs. 40 per mensem paid
by Government, being the salary of 2nd Class
Hospital Assistant.
Balance of his salary at Rs. 40 per mensem, paid by
Local Fund.
1st Class, and 6 3rd Class Vaccinators, at Rs. 15
and Rs. 10 per mensem.
Total paid by Municipal and Local Funds …
C.—Paid by
Municipalities.
8 Native Superintendent, at Rs. 35 per mensem, 6
months ..
6 Vaccinators, at Rs. 15 per mensem …
44
do.
12
do. …
5
do.
10
do. …
Total paid by Municipalities …
D.—Paid by Local Funds.
4 Native Superintendent at Rs .35 per mensem, 2 months
2 Vaccinators at Rs. 15 per mensem …
46
do.
12
do.
..
43
do.
10
do. ..
1
do.
8
do.
..
Total paid by Local Funds ..
Travelling allowance and Contingencies
..
Grand Total ..
2
Sanctioned.
Rs.
1,930
738
1,440
1,14
960
6,208
A.
14
0
0
0
0
14
P.
11
0
0
0
0
11
480
6,688
1,784
1,784
210
912
1,549
316
2,987
70
318
1,521
890
32
2,831
735
15,026
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
8
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
4
3
Expended.
Rs.
1,939
690
1,007
1,137
939
6,104
A.
14
0
8
3
4
14
P.
11
0 0
3
6
8
480
6,584
1,466
1,466
210
662
1,198
316
2,386
70
70
1,499
831
32
2,748
735
13,921
0
44
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
10
0
11
9
14
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
11
5
0
4
Total number vaccinat-
ed.
…
…
14,968
13,704
12,593
41,265
6,447
6,447
..
6,851
21,870
7,389
36,110
..
1,883
23,667
19,049
2,585
47,184
..
131,006
5
Percentage of successful
cases excluding those
"unknown" from the
total.
..
..
85.29
95.27
95.11
95.50
82.97
82.97
…
84.77
87.97
84.87
86.74
..
86.12
88·00
91.0
74.10
88.44
..
89·93
6
Cost of each successful
case.
R.
..
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
0 0
0
0
… 0
0
0
0
0
.. 0
A.
..
..
1
1
1
2
6
6
..
1
1
0
1
…
3
1
0
0
1
..
1
P.
...
…
7¼
5
3¼
6
1
1
...
10½
0
10
3
… 1½
2½
9½
3½
1
..
11½
A.—STATE.
Showing results of the year 1873-74, as compared with those of each
1
Years.
1868-69
1869-70
1870-74
1871-72
1872-73
1873-74
2
Total number of persons vaccinated.
43,484
35,332
49,204
33,380
45,098
41,265
3
Successful.
34,593
30,384
40,394
28,775
40,734
38,296
4
Ratio per cent successful, excluding those
"Unknown" from the total.
81.1
88.5
84.5
90.6
92.51
95.58
5
Number of Vaccinators.
A.
Paid b State.
30
30
30
30
30
30
B.
Paid from other sources.
...
...
...
...
...
...
C.
Total.
30
30
30
30
30
30
D.
Number previously employ-
ed as inoculators or Native
practitioners
...
...
...
...
...
...
MENT No. IV.
of the previous 5 years in the Central Provinces.
6
Cost of Vaccine Establishment.
Rs.
13,442
10,913
4,312
3,959
4,029
4,173
A.
4
13
4
5
0
15
P.
8
4
5
11
8
9
7
Cost of Travelling allowances and Contingencies.
Rs;
841
676
1,474
1,642
980
1,930
A.
6
0
0
14
2
14
P.
3
2
7
3
6
11
8
Total cost.
Rs.
14,283
11,592
5,786
5,602
5,009
6,104
A.
10
13
5
4
3
14
P.
11
6
0
2
2
8
9
Cost of each successful case.
Rs.
0
0
0
0
0
0
A.
6
6
2
3
1
2
P.
7¼
¼
3½
1½
11½
6¾
REMARKS.