NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
N.
L.
NARAYAH
AND
SUNANDA
187
While the difference between the two classes is not marked, the difference between the two collections
in both the classes is apparent. The difference in length between wools of two seasons, Autumn and
Spring has, been observed on individual sheep also taking into account exactly six months' clip.
Keeping in view that both these classes of wool are clothing types, it does not seem to be profitable
to introduce distinctness in length until the breed is highly developed as it will thin down the quantity,
but different standards will have to be adopted for the clips of different seasons as 2.5 in and above
for spring and 3.5 in. and above for autumn. The coefficient of variation should be restricted to
20 per cent as shown by the majority of the samples.
Crimp. he mean number of crimps per inch of the samples vary as follows :
Autumn
.
.
.
.
.
.
Spring
.
.
.
.
First
5 to 7
5 to 9
Super
5 to 8
7 to 9
As in length, the difference in average number of crimps per inch of fibre between the two classes
is not marked but the difference between the two collections is apparent, the spring clip being crimpier
in both the classes than that of the autumn clip. Such a difference has also been observed in wools
of individual animals. While different standards for the two classes do not seem to be practicable,
minimums can be adopted for the two clips as 5 and above for autumn and 6 and above for spring.
Medullation. In this study medullation was estimated by counting the number of medullated
fibres appearing during diameter record, taking into account different degrees of medullation. The
values vary as follows :
Autumn
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Spring . . . . . . . .
First
6 to 41 per cent
3 to 21 „
Super
1 to 18 per cent
1 to 13 „
Medullation is one of the important characters which affects the quality of clothing wools and separate
standards must be maintained for both the classes. The figures indicate a definite possibility, with
more efficiency in grading, of limiting the medullation percentage (as estimated by the above method)
to 20 per cent in 'first' and 10 per cent in 'super'.
Yield. The yield was determined by washing the samples in 5 per cent soap solution. The
results were as follows :
Autumn
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Spring . . . . . . . .
First
93.6 per cent
92.3 „ „
Super
94.6 per cent
94.7 „ „
The clean yield of both the grades of both the clips must be above 90 per cent.
K
188
Definition of Baroda Wool Grades
Summing up the above results the standards for the two classes of wools for the two clips autumn
and spring are set down as follows :
Autumn clip
Pattanwadi Super . .
Pattanwadi First . .
Spring clip.
Pattanwadi Super . .
Pattanwadi First . .
Diameter
30 to 35 microns.
35 to 40
„
30 to 35 microns
35 to 40 „
Coefficient
of varia-
tion of
diameter
38 per cent
38 „ „
38 „ „
38 „ „
Length
3.5 inch
3.5 „
2.5 „
2.5 „
Coefficient
of varia-
tion of
length
20 per cent
20 „ „
20 „ „
20 „ „
Crimp
per inch.
5
5
6
6
Medu-
llation
10 per cent
20 „ „
10 „ „
20 „ „
Yield
8 per cent
6 „ „
90.0 „ „
90.0 „ „
The above specifications are as a result of study of wools collected from over 50,000 sheep and covering
a large area of Pattanwadi tract. Of these two grades Super approaching 56s clothing and of
First is 48s clothing. Higher prices were realized for these graded wools than those for ungraded
wools of all the collections marketed by this section and classing was much appreciated by the manufac-
turers. It is now left to the merchants and other agencies working in this area to try to collect wool
according to these standards to the benefit of themselves, the producers and manufacturers alike.
REFERENCE
Narayan, N. L. (1945) Classing and Agmarking of Indian Wools. Indian vet. J. 12 (3)
A NOTE ON SHEEP MORTALITY CONNECTED WITH THEIR TRANSPORT
By RAM NARAIN MOHAN, Veterinary Investigation Officer, Bengal
(Received for publicaton on 20 October 1945)
I N the rainy season in the month of August, 1944, a report was received of deaths occurring
in sheep meant for slaughter at a military butchery in Calcutta. Some preliminary investiga-
tions—necessarily limited owing to meagre facilities—were conducted and the observations are
recorded.
HISTORY
Sheep were being purchased in Bihar and transported to Calcutta in large consignments. Most
of the journey was by rail and usually took several days. There is strong reason for thinking that
during this period the sheep did not receive proper feed and care, so that on arrival in Calcutta many
were sickly; some had died during transit. The healthier-looking ones were slaughtered at once
the rest, while awaiting slaughter, were housed under poor conditions with insufficient feeding and
inadequate shelter from heavy rains. The weather conditions were as follows:—
Maximum temperature
.
.
.
.
.
.
Minimum temperature
.
.
.
.
.
.
Relative humidity at 9 hours . . . . .
Relative humidity at 18 hours . . . . .
89.5ºF.
78.9ºF.
90
84
SYMPTOMS
The animals showed general lack of condition, mucopurulent, nasal discharge, diarrhoea, and
weakness of the limbs. Nervous symptoms were noticed such as a staggering gait, spasms of the
superficial muscles of the neck and trunk, and occasional pawing of the head with the fore feet.
PLATE IX
[Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. XVI, Part IV
FIG. 1.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4.
Fig. 1. Greyish yellow nodules in spleen resembling fibroid tubercles; Fig. 2. Coalesced
nodules in spleen; Fig. 3. A main and a budding daughter colony of Bovine Contagious
Pleuro-pneumonia virus (Assam one) on Bennet's medium; Fig. 4. A colony of the
virus at a higher magnification showing the granular and opaque centre and a trans-
parent outer apart; Fig. 5. The various developmental stages of the Assam I virus.
FIG. 5.
202
Bovine Pleuropneumonix
TABLE I
Vaccination with Assam, Australian and African Culture Vaccines and immunity tests, 1941
Vaccination
Vaccine 2.0 c.c. s/c
Assam 20th generation .
Australian 264—
63rd generation . .
73rd generation . .
Australian 173—
72nd generation . .
Kenya Narok—
55th generation . .
Kenya V-4—
24th generation . .
Kenya M-L—
11th generation . .
Rhodesian R—
44th generation . .
Animal
No.
H.B. 1
„ 2
„ 3
„ 4
„ 5
„ 6
„ 1
„
2
„ 3
„ 4
„ 5
„ 6
„ 7
„
1
„
2
„
3
„ 1
„ 2
„ 3
„ 1
„ 2
„ 3
„ 1
„ 2
„
3
„ 1
„
2
„ 3
1st
vaccination
January 2 .
„ .
„ .
January 3 .
„ .
„ .
January 3 .
„ .
„ .
March 28
.
„ .
„ .
„ .
January 2 .
„ .
„ .
January 2 .
„ .
„ .
January 3 .
„ .
„ .
January 3 .
„
.
„ .
January 2 .
„ .
„
.
2nd
vaccination
February 28
„ .
„ .
„ .
„ .
„ .
March 28
.
nil . .
„
.
.
„ . .
„ . .
„ . .
„ . .
nil . .
„ . .
„
.
.
February 28
„ .
„ .
March 28
.
„
„
.
February 28
„ .
„
.
February 28
„
.
„ .
Immunity tests
Date
March 28
.
April 5 .
June 20 .
„
.
.
„
.
.
Virus
As.
„
Aust.
„
As.
Results
+ +D Apr. 17 . .
+ + D Apr. 21
. .
+ Rd.
.
.
.
+ + D July 10 . .
N. R.
.
.
.
.
Died before test on Mar. 20 of Pneumonia (C.B.P.P.)
July 10 .
As.
N. R . . . .
Reacted to vaccination and died on Jan. 31
„ „
November 11
September 8
„ .
November 11
April 5
July 10
October 24 .
March 28
.
June 20
„
. .
June 20
„ .
November 11
March 28
.
April 5
July 10
April 5
July 10
„
.
.
„ „
Aust.
As.
„
Aust.
Aust.
As.
„
Aust.
„
As.
As.
Aust.
„
Aust.
„
As.
As.
„
„
„ „ Feb. 20
+ + D Nov. 27 . .
N. R
.
.
.
.
N. R
.
.
.
.
+ + R.D. . . .
+ + R.D. . . .
+ R. D.
. . .
N. R . . . . .
+ + D Apr. 13 . .
+ + R. D. . . .
N. R . . . . .
N.R
.
.
.
.
.
+ + D July 8 . .
N.
R.
.
.
.
.
+ + D Apr. 9 . .
+ +R. D . . . .
N. R.
.
.
.
.
+ + R.D. . . .
+ + D July 28 . .
+ + R. D. . . .
Fate of
control
C+
C+
C±
C±
C +
C+
C+
C+
C+
C+
C+
C+
C+
C+
C±
C+
C+
C±
C±
C+
C+
C+
C+
C+
C+
S/c
= Subcutaneously
As.
= Assam
Aust. = Australian
D.
= Died
Rd.
= Recovered
N. R. = No reaction
++=Strong local and thermal reaction
+=Mild local roaction
+= Control reacted and died
±=Control reacted but recovered
J. F. SHIRLAW AND P. R. KRISHNA IYER 205
Table III. The sera were tested 12 and 30 days after vaccination. It will be seen that the results
with carbolized antigen were, on the whole, more critical than those with formalinised antigen.
Further, Australian strains 264 and 173, Assam and Kenya Narok show some serological affinity
not shared by Kenya V4 and ML strains. The serological reactions in animals 4 and 8 in Table II
are contradictory and cannot be explained; both these animals showed an equal immunity on test.
The results conform in general with experience recorded by Daubney, Dahmen, Walker, and Ito and
his colleagues.
TABLE II
Agglutination of Pleuropneumonia organisms
Animal No.
1 . . . . .
2 . . . . .
3 . . . . .
4 . . . . .
5 . . . . .
6 . . . . .
7 . . . . .
8 . . . . .
9 . . . .
10
.
.
.
.
11
.
.
.
.
.
12
.
.
.
.
Healthy Control bulls
How vaccinated
Aust. 264 . . . . . . .
Aust. 173 . . . . . . .
As. 1 . . . . . . .
Rhodesian R . . . . . . .
Kenya V-4 . . . . . . .
Kenya Narok . . . . . . .
As. 1 . . . . . . .
Rhodesian R . . . . . . .
Aust. 264 . . . . . . .
Kenya V-4 . . . . . . .
Kenya M-L . . . . . . .
As. 1 . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
Antigen
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
As. . .
Aust. . .
Agglutination titro
100
100
100
40
20
80
Nil
„
„
„
20
40
80
40
80
100
80
80
Nil
„
„
„
40
100
Nil
„
As. = Assam
Aust. = Australia
TABLE III
Agglutination of Pleuropneumonia organisms
Animal
1 . . . .
2 . . . .
2 . . . .
3 . . . .
3 . . . .
4
.
.
.
.
4 . . . .
5 . . . .
5 . . . .
6.7 and 8 . . .
Tail-tip vaccination with
As.
.
.
.
.
„ . . . .
„ . . . .
„ . . . .
„ . . . .
Aust. 264
„ . . . .
„ . . . .
„ . . . .
Uuvaccinated controls .
Serum obtained on day
30
12
30
12
30
12
30
12
30
„
Antigen
As
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
Agglutination titre
25
25
50
50
50
Nil
25
Nil
„
„
As. = Assam
Aust. = Australia.
V. R. GOPALAKRISHNAN
211
A preliminary, small-scale experimental test of the vaccinated cattle, undertaken to determine
the degree and duration of immunity by using fresh field strain of the virus for the test, is described.
There is evidence of sufficient degree of immunity, the duration of which appears to be about 22
months.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I wish to express my gratitude and thanks to Mr J. F. Shirlaw, M.R.C.V.S., Officer-in-Charge,
General Disease Investigation Section, Imperial Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, for the
examination of specimens, for the supply of vaccine and for the suggestions offered. I wish to place
on record acknowledgement of the assistance and facility received from Mr A. K. Mitra, M.R.C.V.S.,
Director, Veterinary Department, Assam.
REFERENCES
Campbell, A. D. (1938). Bull. J. Coun. Sci. Ind. Res. (Aust.), 11, 103, 119
Gopalakrishnan, V. R. (1943). Ind. J. vet. Sci. 13, 287
Turner, A. W. (1936). Bull. Coun. Sci. Ind. Res. (Aust.), 93
S. S. PRABHU AND V. N. AMBLE 213
were tested ; 61 of these were in Group A and 62 in Group B. Further, the number of does in a given
lactation, in a given year varied from year to year.
TABLE I
Lactation-wise enumeration of the goats used during 5 years experimentation
Year
1910-41 .
1911-42 .
1942-43 .
1913-44 .
1914-45 .
Total .
I Lactation
Experiment
..
3
..
..
4
7
Control
..
2
..
..
5
7
II Lactation
Experiment
4
2
4
..
..
10
Control
3
4
6
1
1
15
III Lactation
Experiment
..
2
4
3
3
12
Control
..
1
5
4
5
15
IV Lactation
Experiment
1
1
4
2
4
12
Control
2
..
..
4
3
9
V Lactation
Experiment
4
..
1
2
3
10
Control
2
1
1
..
2
6
VI Lactation
Experiment
..
1
1
1
2
5
Control
2
2
1
1
1
7
VII Lactation
Experiment
1
1
1
1
1
5
Control
..
..
1
1
1
3
Total
Experiment
10
10
15
9
17
61
Control
9
10
14
11
18
62
Remarks
* Animals
which died
or which
were sick
or
sold
have not
been men-
tioned.
The appropriate method for comparison of the two groups would have been to consider each
year's results separately ; after bringing the yields of the does in the two groups to a comparable
level. As the does used were in differing lactations, this would have necessarily involved bringing
their respective milk yields either to first lactation basis [as done by Sukhthme, 1944] or mature
age basis, as is usually done. Either of the courses was not possible, as no standard correction factors
for the order of lactation are available for this breed ; nor was it possible to work them out from
the data, as these were too meagre for that purpose. In the circumstances, the only course open
to us was to pool the results of the five years and carry out the analysis of the combined data by
comparing the like lactations of the two groups. Even so, it was observed that the records after
the 5th lactation, were too few to carry out any useful analysis. They had therefore to be omitted.
In passing, it may be mentioned that the method of analysis actually decided upon by us involve
certain assumptions on our part. They were,
(i) That no significant departure in husbandry took place during the five years of experi-
mentation.
(ii) That the average effect on the experimental animals due to environmental causes, from
year to year, was uniform and negligible.
It appears to us that assumption (i) is a reasonable one to make, as in fact, no significant depar-
ture in husbandry took place on the farm during the course of the experimental work. The same,
however, cannot be said about assumption (ii) as was brought out in the analysis. To the extent
to which the assumption was not valid, the sensitiveness of the statistical test employed, has been
minimised.
A preliminary comparison of the two groups gave the following differences (Experimental
Control):
(i) For lactation yields—
First lactation . . . . . . . . .
Second „ . . . . . . . . .
Third
„ . . . . . . . . .
Fourth „ . . . . . . . . .
Fifth
„ . . . . . . . . .
+129.3 lb
+10.5 „
+134.6 „
+114.7 „
+12.3 „
214
Weaned Versus Unweaned
(ii) For lactation lengths—
First lactation . . . . . . . . .
Second „ . . . . . . . . .
Third
„ . . . . . . . . .
Fourth „ . . . . . . . . .
Fifth
„ . . . . . . . . .
+65.8 days
+184 „
+61.4 „
+40.1 „
—0.7 „
The differences were statistically significant for both lactation yields and lactation lengths in
the case of first and third lactation comparisons. The milk yield difference alone was found to be
significant in case of fourth lactation. A look at the above figures will show that yields have differed
significantly when the lengths have differed considerably. It is well known that lactations are in-
fluenced by the lengths of the wet periods. To find out therefore, whether the milk yields of the two
Groups, namely weaned and unweaned groups, had in fact differed significantly or whether the
observed significant differences (in the first and third lactation does) were due merely to the corres-
ponding increases in the lengths of the wet period, the analysis of co-variance was carried out. The
results are conveniently summarised in Table II.
TABLE II
The analysis of co-variance of lactation yields and lactation lengths
First lactation
A
Variation due to
Between groups . .
Within groups . .
Total .
D. F.
1
12
13
S (x 2 )
15114.3
18821.7
33936.0
S (xy)
29735.7
16993.3
46729.0
s (y 2 )
58501.8
44723.4
103225.2
b
0.9029
1.3770
b. S. (xy)
15342.5
64344.6
B
Regression . . .
Deviation from regression .
Total (within groups) .
1
11
12
S. S.
15342.5
29380.9
44723.4
M. S.
15342.5
2671.0
× . .
F. ratio
5.74*
..
..
C
Between groups . .
Within groups . .
Total .
1
11
12
9499.7
29380.9
38880.6
9499.7
2671.0
3.56
..
Second lactation
A
Variation duo to
Between groups .
.
.
.
Within groups
.
.
.
.
Total .
D. F.
1
22
23
S (x 2 )
1968.8
53133.0
55101.8
S (xy)
1125.2
69774.5
70899.7
S (y 2 )
643.1
304234.5
304877.6
b
1.3132
1.2867
b. S. (xy)
91628.2
91226.9
S. S. PRABHU AND V. N. AMBLE 215
TABLE II—contd.
The analysis of co-variance of lactation yields and lactation lengths—contd.
Second lactation—contd.
B
Regression
.
.
.
.
.
Deviation from regression . .
Total (within groups) .
1
21
22
S. S.
91628.2
212606.3
304234.5
M. S.
91628.2
10124.1
F. ratio
9.05*
C
Between groups . . . .
Within groups . . . .
Total .
1
21
22
1044.4
212606.3
213650.7
1044.4
10124.1
Third lactation
A
Variation due to
Between groups . .
Within groups . .
Total .
D. F.
1
25
26
S (x 2 )
25105.8
32080.7
57186.5
S (xy)
55059.5
57444.5
112504.0
S (y 2 )
120751.1
275727.0
396478.1
b
1.7906
1.9673
b. s. (xy)
102861.6
221331.1
B
Regression . . .
Deviation from regression
Total (within groups)
1
24
25
S. S.
102861.6
172865.4
275727.0
M. S.
102861.6
7202.7
F. ratio
14.28**
C
Between groups . .
Within groups . .
Total .
1
24
25
2281.6
172865.4
175147.0
2281.6
7202.7
Fourth lactation
A
Variation due to
Between groups . .
Within groups . .
Total .
D. F.
1
19
20
S (x 2 )
8274.3
36294.9
44569.2
S (xy)
23654.2
28434.3
52088.5
S (y 2 )
67620.6
159926.0
227546.6
b
0.7834
1.1687
b. S. (xy)
22276.1
60876.3
D
216
Weaned Versus Unweaned
TABLE II—contd.
The analysis of co-variance of lactation yields and lactation lengths-—contd.
Fourth lactation—contd.
B
Regression . . .
Deviation from regression
Total (within groups).
1
18
19
S. S.
22276.1
137649.9
159926.0
M. S.
22276.1
7647.2
F. ratio
2.91
C
Between groups . .
Within groups . .
Total .
1
18
19
29020.4
137649.9
166670.3
29020.4
7647.2
-
3.79
Fifth lactation
A
Variation duo to
Between groups . .
Within groups . .
Total .
D. F.
1
14
15
S (x 2 )
2.0
54061.0
54063.0
S (xy)
—30.7
108666.5
108635.8
S (y 2 )
567.4
287762.1
288329.5
b
2.0101
2.0094
b. S (xy)
218427.5
218296.0
B
Regression
.
.
.
.
.
.
Deviation from regression . . .
Total (within groups) .
1
13
14
S. S.
218427.5
69334.6
287762.1
M. S.
218427.5
5333.4
F. ratio
40.95**
C
Between groups . . . . .
Within groups . . . . .
Total .
1
13
14
698.9
69334.6
70033.5
698.9
5333.4
A. Analysis of co-variance.
B. Test for regression.
C. Analysis of residual variance of the adjusted lactation yields.
Except in one case, viz., the fourth lactation, the regression of milk yield on lactation length has
been significant, showing the considerable extent to which the latter affects the former. The ad-
justed mean yields of the two groups, for each of the five considered lactations, are given below :
Adjusted average yield of milk in pounds
Lactation No.
First . . . . . . . . .
Second . . . . . . . . .
Third . . . . . . . . .
Fourth . . . . . . . . .
Fifth . . . . . . . . .
Group A
335.0 lb.
367.4 „
426.5 „
408.5 „
384.7 „
Group B
296.3 lb.
381.1 „
401.9 „
325.2 „
371.0 „
Difference
+ 38.7 lb.
—13.7 „
+24.6 „
83.3 „
13.7 „
S. S. PRABHU AND V. N. AMBLE 217
The differences now obtained were tested for significance, by carrying out the analysis of residual
variance for each lactation (Table II C). The analysis showed that the milk yield differences in all
the five lactations compared, were in no case statistically significant. The original significant differ-
ence observed in comparisons of first, third and fourth lactations can thus be clearly attributed to
the differences in lactation lengths of the lactations compared. The refinement in the test of signi-
ficance brought about by the employment of the method of analysis of co-variance is well shown in
the drop in the standard error of the average milk-yields.
Lactation No.
First . . . . . . .
Second . . . . . . .
Third . . . . . . .
Fourth . . . . . . .
Fifth . . . . . . .
S.E. from analysis of variance
61.05
117.60
105.02
91.75
143.37
S.E. from analysis of co-variance
51.68
100.62
84.87
87.45
73.03
The relatively-high values of experimental error given above, even after making the adjust-
ments, point out that there had been effects on the experimental animals not properly accounted
for in this analysis. These could only be the environmental and genetic variation effects, which
could not be controlled due to the faulty layout of the design. As the error due to these causes,
is seen to be considerable to that extent the sensitiveness of the statistical test employed has been
reduced.
(II) Effect of weaning on the male and female kids
Year-wise enumeration of the kids employed for the study, during the entire experimental
period of five years, is given in Table III. In all, a total of 128 kids were used ; 67 in Group A (32
males ; 35 females) and 61 in Group B (30 males ; 31 females). In computing the above figures, as
also in the analysis, no account was taken of kids whose monthly live weight data were not available
for a full year. Average weights and growth rates were obtained by fitting straight lines to the
12 monthly live weight observations. Inter-group comparisons were first made separately for the
yearly data with the two sexes taken separately. Such an analysis was possible as sufficient ob-
servations were available for the two groups and the two sexes within a given year. In this way,
the year to year variation and sex to sex variation, were largely eliminated. As the results obtained
were consistent for all the five years, only the pooled averages are given in Table IV.
TABLE III
Year-wise enumeration of kids used during the five years of experimentation
Year
1940-41 . . . . .
1941-42 . . . . .
194243 . . . . .
194344 . . . . .
194445 . . . . .
Total .
Group A
Male
6
3
12
2
9
32
Female
6
6
11
4
8
35
Total
12
9
23
6
17
67
Group B
Male
5
7
10
1
7
30
Female
8
4
9
1
9
31
Total
13
11
19
2
16
61
D2
218
Weaned Versus Unweaned
TABLE IV
Average weight and average rates of growth of the male and female kids in Groups A and B
—
Average weight in lb. . . .
Average rate of growth in lb. per
month
Male kids
Group A
29.42
3.93
Group B
27.24
3.65
Difference
+ 2.18*
+ 0.28*
Female kids
Group A
26.16
3.44
Group B
26.61
3.59
Difference
—0.45
—0.15
The differences in both average weights and average growth rates were statistically significant
for male kids only. No such significance was observed for the female kids.
TABLE V (A)
The analysis of co-variance of average weights and initial weights
Male kids
A
Variation due to
Weaning (between groups)
Within groups . .
Total .
D. F.
1
60
61
S (x 2 )
1.1097
42.9276
44.0373
S (xy)
9.0523
120.8425
129.8948
S (y 2 )
73.8446
798.8813
872.7259
b
2.8150
2.9497
b. S (xy)
340.1716
383.1507
B
Regression .
.
.
.
.
.
Deviation from regression . . .
Total (within groups) .
1
59
60
S. S.
340.1716
458.7097
798.8813
M. S.
340.1716
7.7747
F. ratio
43.75**
C
Weaning (between groups) . . .
Within groups . . . . .
Total .
1
59
60
30.8655
458.7097
489.5752
30.8655
7.7747
3.97
Female kids
A
Variation due to
Weaning (between groups)
Within groups . .
Total .
D. F.
1
64
65
S (x 2 )
0.0888
26.2341
26.3229
S (xy)
—0.5405
81.3709
80.8304
S (y 2 )
3.2900
728.5250
731.8150
b
3.1017
3.0707
b. S (xy)
252.3900
248.2080
S. S. PRABHU AND V. N. AMBLE
219
TABLE V (A)—contd.
The analysis of co-variance of average weights and initial weights—contd.
Female kids—contd.
B
Regression .
.
.
.
.
.
Deviation from regression . . .
Total (within groups) .
1
63
64
S. S.
252.3900
476.1350
728.5250
M. S.
252.3900
7.5577
F. ratio
33.40**
C
Weaning (between groups) . . .
Within groups . . . . . .
Total .
1
63
64
7.4720
476.1350
483.6070
7.4720
7.5577
A. Analysis of co-variance.
B. Test for regression.
C. Analysis of residual variance of adjusted average weights.
TABLE V (B)
The analysis of co-variance of growth rates and initial weights
Male kids
A
Variation due to
Weaning (between groups)
Within groups . .
Total .
D. F.
1
60
61
S (x 2 )
1.1097
42.9276
44.0373
S (xy)
1.1900
8.1047
9.2947
S (y 2 )
1.2763
14.7521
16.0284
b
0.1888
0.2111
b. S (xy)
1.5302
1.9621
B
Regression .
.
.
.
.
.
Deviation from regression . . .
Total (within groups) .
1
59
60
S. S.
1.5302
13.2219
14.7521
M. S.
1.5302
0.2241
F. ratio
6.83*
C
Weaning (between groups) . . .
Within groups . . . . .
Total .
1
59
60
0.8444
13.2219
14.0663
0.8444
0.2241
3.77