NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
B. STATEMENT
1
No
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
2
District.
Nagpur... ...
Wardha...
Chanda...
U. Godavari...
Raipur...
Bilaspur..
Sambalpur... ..
Central... ...
3
Name and rank of Superin-
tendent of Dispensary.
S. C. Townsend, Supdt
of Vaccination... ...
C. Thipthorpe, 1st Class
Asst. Apothecary ...
M. Craggs, 2nd Class
Apothecary...
J. B. Gaffney, Assistant
Surgeon
D. W. Trimnell,Surgeon
J. B. Ferdinands, N. D.
J. E. Harrison, Honorary
Assistant Surgeon ...
Provinces' Total... ...
4
Number of nativ
intendents of va
tion attached to
Dispensary.
1870-71.
1
...
1
1
...
...
l
...
...
...
1
...
...
4
1869-70.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
5
Number of vaccinators
attached to the dispen-
sary.
1970-71.
11
...
11
26
3
...
4
...
...
...
4
2
2
61
1869-70.
10
...
10
3
4
1
4
...
...
...
4
1
..
14
6
Total number of
persons vaccin-
ated.
1870-71.
9,159
228
9,387
4,546
5,241
196
5,299
81
116
409
5,935
1,066
12,883
76,133
1869-70.
16,878
...
16,878
3,461
4,350
810
2,311
38
119
312
2,789
47
...
49,227
7
Collectorate, Political Agency, or Native
State for the population of which
the Dispensary is provided.
Nagpur...
...
Wardha...
Chanda...
U. Godavari...
Raipur...
...
Bilaspur...
Sambalpur ...
8
Population of area included in last
column.
584,742
584,742
343,269
414,951
54,684
835,622
835,622
478,056
208,296
6210,260
9
Name of Dispensary.
Nagpur
...
Mowar...
...
Wardha...
Hinganghat...
Arvi...
Sindi
Deoli
Chanda...
Sironcha...
Raipur
Atang
...
Drug ...
Dhamtari ...
Bilaspur...
Sambalpur ..
A
Sex.
Males.
4,755
...
4,755
2,643
3,103
109
2,993
25
107
294
3,419
553
6,358
43,513
Females.
4,404
...
4,404
1903
2,138
87
2,306
56
39
115
2,516
513
6,525
32,392
No. V—(contd).
10
PRIMARY
VACCINATION:
B
Caste.
Christian.
105
...
105
14
9
2
2
...
...
...
2
7
...
271
Hindu.
6,749
...
6,749
3,486
3,858
125
4,024
61
74
254
4,413
160
10,426
57,686
Mohammadan.
442
...
442
127
77
18
100
9
9
5
123
51
14
5,608
Other castes.
1,863
...
1,863
919
1,304
51
1,173
11
63
150
1,397
848
2,443
12,340
C
Age.
Under 1 year.
2,562
...
2,562
1,541
312
31
789
15
35
259
1,098
17
925
15,827
Above 1 year.
6,597
...
6,597
3,005
4,929
165
4,510
66
111
150
4,837
1,049
11,958
60,078
Results.
Successful.
6,403
182
6,585
3,614
3,877
152
4,458
36
14
319
4,827
1,006
12,170
61,641
Unsuccessful, incl-
uding those
"doubtful."
2,472
46
2,518
913
986
44
632
45
132
77
886
60
713
12,457
Unknown.
284
...
284
19
378
...
209
...
...
13
222
...
...
2,035
D
Total.
9,159
228
9,387
4,546
5,241
196
5,299
81
146
409
5,935
1,066
12,883
76,133
11
REVACCINATION.
A
Successful.
79
1
80
...
7
...
105
...
...
12
117
...
340
1,387
B
Unsuccessful, in-
cluding those doubt
ful.
15
...
15
...
3
..
16
...
...
5
21
...
15
207
C
Unknown.
...
...
...
...
...
...
14
...
...
8
22
...
...
70
D
Total.
94
1
95
...
10
...
135
...
...
25
160
...
355
1,664
12
Percentage of suc-
cessful cases, exclu-
ding those unknown
from the total.
In primary vaccina-
tion.
72.1
79.8
72.3
79.8
79.7
77.5
87.5
44.4
9.5
80.5
84.4
94.3
94.4
83.1
In secondary vac-
cination.
84.0
100.0
84.2
...
70.0
...
86.7
...
...
70.5
84.9
...
95.7
87.0
13
Average number of persons vaccinated
by each vaccinator.
832.6
...
853.3
755.5
1747.0
...
1324.7
...
...
...
1483.7
533
6441.5
1248.0
REPORT
ON THE
VACCINE OPERATIONS
IN THE
CENTRAL PROVINCES,
FOR
THE YEAR 1871
NAGPUR:
PRINTED AT THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER'S OFFICE PRESS.
1872.
Y.—11—75—385.
No. 4193/ 143
FROM
THE SECRETARY TO THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER,
Central Provinces,
To
DR. J. BRAKE, OFFICIATING SANITARY COMMISSIONER,
Central Provinces.
Dated Nagpur, the 18th November 1872.
SIR,
I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your report
on the operations of the Vaccine Department in the districts of Betul,
.Chhindwara and Seoni during the year 1871-72, and of the vaccina-
tion work accomplished in the other districts of the Province during
the same period.
2. The number of persons vaccinated in the three districts in
which the regular staff of Vaccinators is employed was 33,380, and
this represents all the work done by the department during the year,
In the year 1870-71, 42,651 persons were vaccinated in those dis-
tricts, and the Vaccination department performed in all 49,204 ope-
rations.
In the other districts of the Province, where under the superin-
tendence of Civil Surgeons Vaccinators are employed and paid from
funds locally raised, 75,500 persons were vaccinated, compared with
76,133 in 1870-71. Taking all the vaccination work together 108,880
operations in 1871-72 are shown, against 125,337 in 1870-71.
3. The falling off in the number of operations has been almost
entirely confined to the work of the special department, and is
confined to the districts of Chhindwara and Betul.
In Seoni the number of vaccinated was larger than in the
previous year.
In Betul the Vaccinators appear to have worked less diligently
than they should have done, and to their want of energy and dili-
gence the smaller out-turn of work is to be in part attributed. But
partly also the fact that for some years past now vaccine operations
have been going on in that district will account for fewer children
vaccinated. The children who are unprotected by the operation are
not found in such large numbers together in the same place. If this ac¬
counts partially for the smaller amount of work performed in Betul it
explains much more completely the apparently less favourable results,
Qj-26—209-375
2
of the year's work in Chhindwara, less favourable as compared with
the year preceding. Mr. Price, the officer in medical charge of that
district, reports that the Vaccinators worked well and that the
people offered no opposition to them, and he attributes the decrease
in the number of operations performed solely to the large number
performed in former years, when Chhindwara was the centre of the
operations of the Vaccination Department.
4. The Chief Commissioner is satisfied that in all these districts
the Civil Surgeons have worked zealously, and though in Betul
and Seoni their Vaccinators did not exert themselves to the full
extent that their duty demanded of them, Mr. Morris is satisfied
with the work that has been done, although it is less than was.
performed in some other years.
5. The percentage of successful operations on all operations per-
formed also shows favourably, 90.65 against 84.5 in 1870-71. Seoni
especially shows improvement in this respect. In 1870-71 the per-
centage of successful operations was 85.9, in 1871-72 it was 92.9.
6. Mr. Price in Chhindwara appears to have been successful in.
carrying out his plan of collecting children at certain centrally situ-
ated villages and vaccinating them there, but in parts of that dis-
trict even he experienced difficulty in inducing people to bring their
children to him, and in such cases each separate village may
be visited by a Vaccinator. In Seoni Dr. Barter did not attempt
to collect children at any point away from their homes, but sent his
Vaccinators from village to village. He believed that the plan of
collecting children would be unpopular, and that erroneous notions
concerning Vaccination would find their way to the villages and
homes of the children, and would more particularly be entertained by
their mothers. Dr. Barter attaches importance to the children being
vaccinated in the presence of their mothers, so that these may see
exactly what is done and learn from the Vaccinator the object and
effect of the operation. Dr. Barter's anxiety in this respect seems to
be justified by what is stated in your remarks on vaccination in
Damoh.
7. The Chief Commissioner considers that so much can be said
both for and against.these two different modes of proceeding that no de-
finite orders can be given for the guidance of officers entrusted with the
duty of directing vaccination establishments, and as it is very evident
that both the Civil Surgeons of Chhindwara and Seoni have the
success of their work at heart, he will leave it to their judgment and
experience to pursue the plan which they find most easy to follow
and most productive of results. The experience of different indi-
viduals may be at variance, and the circumstances of districts differ,
prejudice may be overcome in many different ways, and men are not
all satisfied or convinced by the same methods or arguments. Where
people too may take their children to a distance to be operated on by
a European officer they may not be willing, to go out of their way to
meet the Native Vaccinator.
3
8. You refer (page 6 of the Report) to Dr. Barter's making the peo-
ple believe that vaccine disease is small-pox, only differing in degree,for
which puja to "Mata Devi" is called for, and would have Vaccinators
impress on the people that puja is quite unnecessary after successful
vaccination. The Chief Commissioner thinks it quite supererogatory
to do anything more than assure people that vaccination will protect
their children from small-pox, and leave them to their own devices in
the matter of performing puja or not. With such things we can
have no concern. The people may draw their own deductions and
follow their own fancies; any attempt to explain thoroughly the nature
of vaccination and how it acts on the human body must fail to reach
the comprehension of simple villagers.
9. In Seoni, as well as in Betul, several influential men set their
faces against vaccination. In Seoni the opposition was overcome
and the original opponents became allies. In Betul the Civil Surgeon
failed in his endeavour to remove the prejudices of the influential
Malguzar, Teji Patel; but he is sanguine of ultimate success, and the
Chief Commissioner hopes to hear that his expectation has been
fulfilled.
10. The attention of the Deputy Commissioner of Betul will be
asked to Dr. Hall's remarks on the insanitary condition of several of
the villages in that district.
11. Passing on to the remaining districts of the Central Pro-
vinces in which a few Vaccinators are locally entertained, the number
of persons vaccinated is shown to be 75,500,—very nearly as many as
last year. The percentage of successful cases was 85.47, a some-
what larger one than in the preceding year.
There is a considerable decrease in the number of operations
performed in Jabalpur especially, and in Hoshangabad, Wardha,.
and Sagar; while on the other hand, Raipur, Bilaspur, and Nimar
show a larger number of person vaccinated. The percentage of success-
ful cases was far too small in the Upper Godavari and Nar-
singhpur, and considerably below the Provincial average in Damoh
and Jabalpur.
12. In Jabalpur fewer Vaccinators were apparently employed,
and the work done by them and by Hospital Assistants in charge
of dispensaries was also unsatisfactory. An attempt is made to lay
the blame of the unsatisfactory work of Jabalpur on the Tahsildars,
who are said not to have regarded the applications of Hospital Assis-
tants for assistance, and whom the Civil Surgeon charges with half-
heartedness, and with having forgotten the instructions given by the
Deputy Commissioner to them in former years to use every reason-
able endeavour to induce the people to have their children vacci-
nated. The Deputy Commissioner will be asked if Tahsildars have
refused or neglected to render reasonable assistance and to give the
weight of their position and influence to the efforts of Vaccinators.
4
But the Chief Commissioner would remark that the negligence or
apathy of Tahsildars can have had nothing to do with bad working
and carelessness in the actual performance of operations, or with the
apathy with which Hospital Assistants in the interior are themselves
charged ; and secondly, though Tahsildars are expected to afford as-
sistance in overcoming determined opposition on the part of any
influential individual, and to support Vaccinators generally when
they encounter difficulties, they cannot be expected to gather together
children for Vaccinators to operate upon or to accompany Vacci-
nators in their itinerations.
13. The Chief Commissioner is glad to learn that in Hoshanga
bad arrangements are being matured for increasing the staff of Vacci-
nators. As yet the numbers annually vaccinated are small, and a,
decrease is shown, compared with the preceding year. Considering
that Hoshangabad is a large and thriving district with several
towns of importance, better results should be shown.
Nimar shows progress and gives promise of still further advance.
It seems as if vaccination could be carried further into the interior of
the district.
In Balaghat the success obtained is not commensurate with the
efforts made, and the difficulty appears to be in supervising the Vac-
cinators.
Bhandara shows very favourable returns, and vaccination appears
to have gained a footing there. And the same may be said of Nag-
pur.
Wardha does not present such favourable results, and at Hingan-
ghat and Sindi at any rate the work of the Vaccinators was indiffe-
rent.
In Chanda and Raipur vaccination work was carried on with
some vigour. In your remarks on Raipur you mention that a man
practising inoculation was punished by the Tahsildar of Khairagarh.
This case will be inquired into, as inoculation has not been rendered
penal; and unless vaccination replaces inoculation, the latter practice
should not be suppressed.
Your own personal testimony to the readiness with which vac-
cination is accepted in Chhattisgarh, including Sambalpur, has been
perused with satisfaction by the Chief Commissioner.
14. The expenditure on account of the special vaccination esta-
blishment during the year was Rs. 3,959, and the cost of each suc-
cessful operation is shown at 2 annas 2¼ pie. Municipalities spent
in addition to this Rs. 2,161, and the cost of each operation performed
by Municipal Vaccinators was rather less than 2 annas. Local Funds
spent Rs. 3,901 on vaccination, and the cost of each operation per-
formed by Vaccinators paid from this sum was 1 anna 4½ pie.
Altogether Rs. 12,248 were spent on vaccination; 108,880 persons
were vaccinated, of whom 87 per cent successfully, and the cost of
each successful case of vaccination was 2 annas 1¾ pie.
5
15. The Chief Commissioner regards these results as extremely
satisfactory, and he is glad to find that Municipalities are gradually
coming to appreciate vaccination and to provide funds for its extension.
The Local Funds Committees also contribute liberally, considering the
means at their disposal. Dr. Townsend did very much for vaccination,
chiefly in the Nagpur Division, and the Chief Commissioner desires
to record his sense of the services rendered by him. The general
direction and superintendence of vaccination, now devolved upon you,
are, Mr. Morris feels convinced, in safe hands, and your former connec-
tion with the department will doubtless cause you to feel a special
interest in its success.
To Drs. Barter and Hall and to Mr. Price the Chief Commissioner
requests that you will communicate his appreciation of their labours,
and he has also been gratified by the attention that the Medical
officers in many other districts have bestowed on vaccination, more
especially in Chanda, Raipur, Bilaspur, Bhandara, Sambalpur, and
Nimar.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
J. W. NEILL,
Offg. Secretary.
Qj-6-17-375
No. 138
FROM
THE OFFICIATING SANITARY COMMISSIONER,
Central Provinces,
To
THE SECRETARY TO THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER,
Central Provinces,
Dated Nagpur, the 23rd July 1872.
SIR,
I have the honor to forward for the information of the Chief Com-
missioner the Vaccination Returns of the year ending March 31st 1872.
Having assumed charge of the Office of Sanitary Commissioner and
Superintendent General of Vaccination after the close of the vaccinating season,
most of my remarks are founded upon the reports received from the Superin-
tendents and the several Medical Officers of districts. The last of these reports
only reached me on June 27th.
As in the preceding year, operations have been carried on by the special
Vaccination Department in the three Satpura districts of Chhindwara, Seoni, and
Betul; ten Vaccinators with a Native Superintendent working in each, under the
direct supervision of the Medical Officers, who have marched about in their
respective districts as much as their other duties would permit, inspecting the
work of their subordinates and removing difficulties where these have presented
themselves.
In addition to this special Provincial Establishment, 4 Native Superin-
tendents and 61 Vaccinators have been employed in other districts in the
Provinces, and (with one exception) these have been paid from Local and Muni-
cipal Funds.
The exception is at Nagpur, where the Native Superintendent receives the
pay of a 2nd class Hospital Assistant from Government and a similar sum
from Local Funds to make up his salary. Besides the one at Nagpur, Superin-
tendents paid for from Local Funds have been employed in the Balaghat,
Chanda, and Raipur districts, and Vaccinators in all districts but the Upper
Godavari.
The total cost for the year has been Rs. 12,248, or Rs. 38 more than in
1870-71. Of this sum, Rs. 3,959 have been paid from Provincial revenues,
being Rs. 353 less than in preceding year, the difference in total expenditure
being met from Local Funds.
With the object of keeping up a supply of fresh lymph, vaccination
has been performed week by week and from arm to arm at the dispensaries of
Nagpur and Chhindwara throughout the year, and at Bhandara during July,
August, and September. The results have been favourable.
L & Qj—6—21—375
3
The grand total of operations was 108,880, against 125,337 in 1870-71 ;
those under one year of age numbered 33,341, against 24,738.
The recorded percentage of success was greater both with the departmental
and local Vaccinators.
Vaccine Department
...
...
Local Vaccination
...
...
1871-72.
90.65
85.47
1870-71.
84.5
83.1
The cost of each successful operation has increased from 1 anna 11 pies
to 2 annas 1¾ pie.
By Department ... ...
Municipal Vaccinators
...
...
Paid from Local Funds
...
...
1871-72.
A.
2
1
1
2
P.
2¼
1½
4½
1¾
1870-71.
A.
1
0
3
1
P.
8½
10½
1½
11
I have annexed (overleaf) a return of deaths from small-pox reported from
the several districts throughout the year, from which it will be seen that there was
considerable mortality in Raipur, Nimar, Bilaspur, Mandla, Wardha, and Nagpur,
where the deaths exceeded 100. These returns, however, cannot be received as
perfectly correct, since most diseases accompanied by eruptions of any kind are re-
turned as small-pox and measles. Chicken-pox and common skin diseases, especially
when associated with any elevation of temperature, are almost always con-
founded in the reports received. This has been alluded to in paras. 40 and 41 of
the Seoni report and by the Civil Surgeons of Jabalpur and Damoh.
The reports from the Medical Officers of Betul, Chhindwara, and Seoni
are given in extenso, and I have made abstracts of those received from other
Civil Surgeons showing the results of vaccine operations in their respective
districts.
I quite agree with Dr. Townsend's remark in para. 12 of his report for
1870-71, that vaccination cannot be (successfully) carried on without the aid of
the Medical Officers of districts; and, except under emergency, I should restrict the
operations to circles or sub-divisions which can be visited by the Civil Surgeons
or by tried and trustworthy Superintendents. Portions of every Vaccinator's work
should be personally inspected by the Civil Surgeon, the man's registers and
returns carefully checked and compared with the results seen. Every village
of course cannot be visited by the inspecting officer, but the examination of a
few taken at random will be generally sufficient to determine the reliability
of the Vaccinator's returns and the character of his work.
In Betul Dr. Hall did not take charge till late in January, and on pro-
ceeding on tour during the following month found that little had been done up
to that time. By personal explanation and persuasion he was generally
able to overcome the objections of the people, the most notable failure being at
the town of Betul, where the head Malguzar, Taji Patel, could not be induced to
use his influence in favour of the operation, although he had seen its success in
former years.
Dr. Hall calculates that 37.55 per mille of the entire population of the
circles where the work was carried on were successfully vaccinated during the
year.
11
16,904 births were reported during the year.
1,802 deaths of children under one year, or there abouts.
leaving 15,102. Of these, 2,289 were operated upon, giving a balance of
12,813 children under 1 year untouched.
WARDHA.—Since August the number of Vaccinators employed has been
reduced from 6 to 3. These are paid for by the Municipalities. Sindi and Deoli
were without, owing to want of funds. Work was commenced at the end of
October, but the first supplies of lymph failed.
Small-pox was spread over the district, and it was the custom to send
a Vaccinator to the neighbourhoods affected. 2,297 operations were performed,
with a percentage of 79 56 success. At Sindi and Hinganghat the ratio of
sucess was very low, 68.50 and 64.39 respectively. At Arvi and Wardha it
was very fair.
CHANDA.—Three Vaccinators were employed, and the Jail Native Doctor
acted as Superintendent with an allowance of 10 rupees, paid, as the other
salaries, from Local Funds Vaccination was successfully commenced on
October 24th from English lymph, and from this and supplies received from
Nagpur sufficient supplies were obtained for Vaccinators sent to Mul and
Warora and retained at Chanda.
Lymph was also sent to the Hospital Assistants at the several branch
dispensaries. The Civil Medical Officer inspected the work from time to time.
In the Mul Circle there was little or no opposition, and every village visited
showed traces of the Vaccinators'work. Mr.Craggs inspected 500 children in this
Circle and all bore vaccine cicatrices. On the two occasions of his visit he found
the Vaccinators at work and furnished with good fresh vaccine. In the Warora
Circle the Vaccinator met with some little opposition, and consequently did not
do as much as the Mul man. His Circle was visited twice and the children
examined bore marks of recent vaccination. The Vaccinator was found provided
each time with fresh lymph.
The third Vaccinator at Chanda and adjacent villages was idle and his
registers were not trustworthy. He had to be discharged and replaced by
another man. The Hospital Assistants all did vaccine work. The total number
of primary operations was 5,393 cases, and percentage of success 83.73.
UPPER GODAVARI.—There is no Vaccinator in this district. Only 159 per-
sons were operated upon, with a percentage of 42.13 successful cases. The Civil
Surgeon ascribes the want of success to his failure in getting vesicles from the
lymph supplied from Nagpur. From the three tubes last received one success-
ful case was obtained. A number of children were operated upon at Badrachellum,
130 miles distant, several had vesicles but the Civil Surgeon did not remain
sufficiently long to vaccinate from arm to arm.
RAIPUR.—A 3rd Class Hospital Assistant was employed as Superin-
tendent with four Vaccinators. Operations were commenced on November 18th
from English as well as Nagpur lymph; both were found good, and favour-
able results obtained earlier than in the preceding year, owing, the Civil Sur-
geon believes, to the malarious influence of the season being milder. From
13
The operation was carried out from arm to arm in 197 villages, of which the
Civil Surgeon visited 129. The number vaccinated by two men was 12,941,
with a percentage of success of 93.72, numbers which appear exceptionally
high, but which I believe are quite correct, as the Vaccinators are respected and
welcome wherever they go and have no difficulty in collecting children. Great
credit is due to the Civil Surgeon and his subordinates.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
JOHN BRAKE,
Offg. Sanitary Commissioner,
Central Provinces.
L Qj-18-139-376