NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( xiv )
STATEMENT No. VII—(continued).
Showing Aetiological Factors and Associated conditions in the patients admitted
in the Mental Hospital, Benares, during the year 1930.
Aetiological Factors and Associated conditions.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E
F.
G.
H.
Heredity—
1. Insane .. .. ..
2. Epileptic .. .. ..
3. Neurotic
..
.. ..
4. Marked eccentricity .. ..
5. Alcoholism .. .. ..
Mental instability, as revealed by—
1. Moral deficiency
.. ..
2. Congenital mental defect .. ..
3. Eccentricity .. .. ..
4. Previous attack
..
..
Deprivation of special senses —
1. Smell or taste .. .. ..
2. Hearing
..
..
..
3, Sight .. .. ..
Critical periods—
1. Puberty and adolescence .. ..
2. Climacteric
.. ..
..
3. Senility .. .. ..
. Child bearing—
1. Pregnancy .. .. ..
2. Puerperal .. .. ..
3. Lactation .. .. ..
Mental stress—
1. Sudden
..
..
..
2. Prolonged .. .. ..
Physiological defects and errors—
1. Malnutrition (in early life) ..
2. Privation and starvation .. ..
3. Over-exertion (physical) .. ..
4. Sexual excess
..
..
..
Toxic—
1. Alcohol .. .. ..
2. Opium and morphia .. ..
3. Cannabis Indica .. ..
4. Acute infective diseases .. ..
5. Fever .. .. ..
6. Tuberculosis .. .. ..
7. Syphilis, acquired
.. ..
„
congenital .. ..
8. Plague .. .. ..
9. Other toxins .. .. ..
Predisposing
cause.
M.
..
4
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
F.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
T.
..
4
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Exciting cause.
M.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
F.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
T.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
Total.
M.
..
4
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
F.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
T.
..
4
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
( xv )
STATEMENT No. VII—(continued).
Showing Aetiologioal Factors and Associated conditions in the patients admitted
in the Mental Hospital, Benares, during the year 1930—(concluded).
Aetiologioal Factors and Associated conditions.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
Traumatic—
1. Injuries .. .. ..
2. Operations
.. .. ..
3. Sunstroke ..
..
..
Diseases of the nervous system—
1. Lesions of brain .. ..
2.
„
of spinal cord and nerves ..
3. Epilepsy .. .. ..
4. Other defined neuroses .. ..
Other bodily afflictions—
1. Hæmopoietic system .. ..
2. Cardio-vascular degeneration ..
3. Valvular heart disease .. ..
4. Gastro-intestinal system ..
..
5. Renal and vesical system ..
6. Generative
system
(excluding
syphilis).
7. Other general affection (e.g., diabetes)
No cause assignable—
No cause ascertained—History defective ..
GRAND TOTAL ..
Predisposing
cause.
M.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65
..
81
F.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9
..
9
T.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
74
..
90
Exciting cause.
M.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
F.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
T.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2
Total.
M.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65
..
83
F.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9
..
9
T.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
74
..
92
N.B.—Observation cases are excluded from this statement.
( xvi )
STATEMENT No. VII—(continued).
Showing Aeliological Factors and Associated conditions in the patients admitted
in the Mental Hospital, Agra, during the year 1930.
Aetiological Factors and Associated conditions.
A. Heredity—
1. Insane .. .. ..
2. Epileptic.. .. ..
3. Neorotic .. .. ..
4. Marked eccentricity .. ..
5. Alcoholism .. .. ..
B. Mental instability, as revealed by—
1. Moral deficiency .. ..
2. Congenital mental defect..
8. Eccentricity.. .. ..
4. Previous attack .. ..
C. Deprivation of special senses—
1. Smell or taste .. .. ..
2. Hearing .. .. ..
3. Sight .. .. ..
D. Critical periods—
1. Puberty and adolescence.. ..
2. Climacteric .. .. ..
3. Senility .. .. ..
E. Child bearing—
1. Pregnancy .. .. ..
2. Puerperal .. .. ..
3. Lactation
..
.. ..
F. Mental stress—
1. Sudden .. .. ..
2. Prolonged .. .. ..
G. Physiological defects and errors—
1. Malnutrition (in early life)..
2. Privation and starvation ..
3. Over-exertion (physical) .. ..
4. Sexual excess .. .. ..
21. Toxic—
1. Alcohol .. .. ..
2. Opium and morphia .. ..
3. Cannabis Indica .. ..
4. Acute infective disease .. ..
5. Fever .. .. ..
6. Tuberculosis .. .. ..
7. Syphilis, acquired .. ..
„
congenital .. ..
8. Plague
9. Other toxins ..
..
..
I. Traumatic—
1. Injuries .. .. ..
2. Operations .. .. ..
3.
Sunstroke .. .. ..
Predisposing
Cause.
M.
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
F.
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
T.
7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Exciting Cause.
M.
..
..
..
..
..
..
8
..
..
..
..
2
7
4
1
..
..
..
7
10
..
8
..
1
1
..
13
2
..
1
11
2
..
1
..
..
2
F.
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
..
..
..
..
..
1
6
..
..
8
2
3
3
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
T.
..
..
..
..
..
..
12
..
..
..
..
2
8
10
1
..
8
2
10
13
..
9
..
1
1
..
13
2
..
1
12
2
..
1
..
..
2
Total.
M.
6
..
..
..
..
..
8
..
6
..
..
2
7
4
1
..
..
..
7
10
..
8
..
1
1
..
13
2
..
1
11
2
..
1
..
..
2
F.
1
..
..
..
..
..
4
..
3
..
..
..
1
6
..
..
8
2
3
3
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
l
..
..
..
..
..
..
T.
7
..
..
..
..
12
..
9
..
..
2
8
10
1
..
8
2
10
13
..
9
..
1
1
..
13
2
..
1
12
2
..
1
..
..
2
( xvii )
STATEMENT No. VII—(concluded).
Showing Aetiological Factors and Associated conditions in the patients admitted
in the Mental Hospital Agra, during the year 1930—(concluded).
Aetiological Factors and Associated Conditions.
J. Diseases of the nervous system—
1. Lesions of brain .. ..
2.
„
of spinal cord and nerves ..
3. Epilepsy .. .. ..
4. Other defined neuroses ..
..
K. Other bodily afflictions—
1. Hæmopoietic system .. ..
2. Cardio-vascular degeneration ..
3. Valvular heart disease .. ..
4. Gastro-intestinal system .. .. ..
5. Renal and vesical system ..
6. Generative system (excluding syphi-
lis).
7. Other general affection (e.g., diabetes)
L. No cause assignable—
M. No cause ascertained—History
defective ..
GRAND TOTAL ..
Predisposing
Cause.
M.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13
9
34
F.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4
8
T.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13
13
42
Exciting Cause.
M.
..
..
15
..
1
..
..
33
..
1
58
..
..
189
F.
..
..
2
..
1
..
..
5
..
..
8
..
..
45
T.
..
..
17
..
2
..
..
38
..
1
66
..
..
234
Total
M.
..
..
15
..
1
..
..
33
..
1
58
13
9
223
F.
..
..
2
..
1
..
..
5
..
..
8
..
4
53
T.
..
..
17
..
2
..
..
38
..
1
66
13
13
276
N.B.—Observation cases are excluded from this Statement. Two exciting causes shown in 12 males
and hence an excess of 12 over total admission.
3
( xviii )
STATEMENT No. VIII.
Showing the cash accounts of the Mental Hospitals in the United Provinces for
the year 1930 and Provincial totals for two previous years.
Name of Asylum.
1
Bareilly ..
Benares ..
Agra .. ..
Total ..
Provincial total for
1928
Provincial total for
1929.
Receipts.
Received from Trea¬
sury.
2
Rs.
59,568
49,196
1,40,635
2,49,399
2,34,188
2,43,212
Received from paying
patients.
3
Rs.
993
336
(e)
16,020
17,349
14,343
15,431
Value of stores received
from the manufactur-
ing departments less
cost of raw materials.
4
Rs.
(a)3,382
124
(f)
7,613
11,119
10,161
11,143
Book receipts, i.e., the
total expenditure en-
tered in columns 19,
20 and 21.
5
Rs.
1,925
801
1,065
3,791
2,046
2,455
Miscellaneous receipts.
6
Rs.
(6)392
(c)l,400
(g)
8,411
10,203
11,606
5,652
Total.
7
Rs.
66,260
51,857
1,73,744
2,91,861
2,72,344
2,77,893
Charges.
Establish-
ment.
Establishment
proper.
8
Rs.
18,229
17,583
33,311
69,123
69,901
66,289
Superintendence.
9
Rs.
3,000
3,000
23,400
29,400
23,017
25,896
Diet.
10
Rs.
25,741
18,052
60,835
4
1,04,628
89,886
1,07,219
Clothing and bedding.
11
Rs.
3,617
(d)2,062
12,038
17,717
13,927
13,165
Bazar medicines.
12
Rs.
9
18
2,61
2,89
1,50
2,33
Name of Asylum.
1
Bareilly ..
Benares ..
Agra .. ..
Total ..
Provincial total for
1928
Provincial total for
1929.
Charges—(Concluded).
Contingencies.
Contingencies
proper.
13
Rs.
2,833
2,800
8,398
9,031
9,391
9,019
Repairs
and
maintenance.
14
Rs.
5,774
5,690
14,060
25,524
35,370
19,519
Rates
and
taxes.
15
Rs.
36
95
4,100
4,231
4,302
6,394
Remitted to treasury
on account of pay-
ing patients, etc.
16
Rs.
1,385
412
17,784
19,581
16,161
17,448
Miscellaneous items.
17
Rs.
(h)3,624
1,181
1,134
5,939
6,778
8,157
Total of columns
8—17.
18
Rs.
64,335
51,016
1,72,679
2,88,070
2,70,298
2,75,438
Book charges.
Charges on account of
work done by the
Public Works de-
partment.
19
Rs.
..
..
..
..
..
..
Cost of printed forms
and stationery.
20
Rs.
3
19
149
171
117
177
Cost of English stores
and medicines, etc.
21
Rs.
1,922
782
916
3,620
1,929
2,278
Total of columns
18—21.
22
Rs.
66,20
51,81
1,73,74
2,91,86
2.72,34
2,77,89
(a) This item includes Rs. 410 as cost of oil cake and bran used for feeding hospital cattle (hospital
produce).
(b) This item includes Rs. 14 on account of receipt from sale of condemned articles.
(c) Includes Rs. 1,324 jail goods.
(d) Includes Rs. 124 for goods made over to hospital from manufacturing department.
(e) Rupees 1,114 is still due from patients,
(f) Rupees 8,746 not included this year, vide, Inspector-General of Civil Hospitals' no. 8665, dated
August 22, 1922, which was included up to 1921.
(g) Included Rs. 6,647 from jail goods and not included in column 3 of Statement X.
(h) This item includes Rs. 410 as cost of oil cake and bran used for feeding hospital cattle (hospital
factory produce).
N.B. —Includes observation cases.
( xix )
STATEMENT No. IX.
Return showing the sanctioned establishment of the Bareilly, Benares and Agra
Mental Hospitals as it stood on December 31, 1930.
1
Establishment.
Superintendent .. ..
Deputy Superintendent ..
Staff allowance to Deputy Super-
intendent.
Assistant Superintendent
..
Matron .. .. ..
Duty allowance to Female Sub¬
Assistant Surgeon.
Medical Officer
of
Provincial
Subordinate Medical Service.
Local allowance to Provincial
Subordinate Medical Service
Officers.
Compounder .. ..
Clerk .. .. ..
Head Warder, 2nd grade male ..
Head
„
3rd
„
„
Head-keeper (male) .. ..
„
„
(female) ..
Warders at Rs. 22 each ..
„ „ „ 20 „ ..
„ „ „ 16 „ ..
„ „ „ 8 „ ..
Head female Warders ..
Female Warders at Rs. 22 each ..
„
„
„
„
18
„
..
„ „ „ „ 16 „ ..
„ „ „ „ 8 „ ..
Malls .. .. ..
Male gate keepers .. ..
Female gate-keeper .. ..
Chaprasi .. .. ..
Total ..
2
Bareilly.
Number.
1
1
..
..
1
..
1
..
1
1
1
2
..
..
4
8
14
..
1
..
2
3
4
2
..
..
..
47
Monthly
wages.
Rs.
250
337
..
..
100
a.
0
8
..
..
0
p.
0
0
..
..
0
..
210 0 0
..
50
70
35
50
..
..
88
160
224
0
0
0
0
..
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
..
0
0
0
...
25 0 0
..
36
48
56
22
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
..
..
..
1,762 0 0
3
Benares.
Number.
1
1
..
..
1
..
1
..
1
1
1
1
..
..
4
8
14
..
1
..
2
2
3
1
3
1
1
48
Monthly
wages.
Rs.
250
275
75
a.
0
0
0
p.
0
0
0
..
90 0 0
..
140
10
30
70
35
25
..
..
88
160
224
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
..
0
0
0
..
25 0 0
..
36
32
42
10
48
13
13
1,691
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
Agra.
Number
1
1
..
1
1
..
2
..
2
1
2
4
..
..
8
17
31
..
1
1
2
9
11
1
..
..
..
96
Monthly
wages.
Rs.
1,950
262
75
170
90
10
315
10
10
90
75
75
100
..
..
176
340 496
..
25
22
36
144
154
16
a.
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
..
..
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
p.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
..
..
0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
..
..
4,631 8
0
Proportion of
Daily average number of males
including observation cases ..
Ditto
females
ditto ..
Jamadars to males
ditto ..
Ditto
females
ditto ..
Male keepers to males
ditto ..
female keepers to females
ditto ..
1172.29
349.45
871.00
349.45
30.72
25.58
(
xx
)
STATEMENT No. X.
Return showing receipts and expenditure on account of manufactures in the Mental
Hospitals in the United Provinces for the year 1930 and Provincial totals for
two previous years.
1
Name of asylum.
Bareilly .. ..
Benares .. ..
Agra .. ..
Total ..
Provincial total for 1923 ..
Ditto
1929 ..
2
Mean population.
Male.
312.24
253.45
602.49
1,168.18
1,006.49
1,112.22
Female.
98.05
37.41
213.26
348.72
300.31
337.14
Total.
410.29
290.86
815.7
1,516.90
1,306.80
1,449.36
3
4
5
6
7
8
Credits.
Cash
paid into Treasury
for articles sold.
Rs.
(a)378
76
(b)1,764
2,218
1,773
1,897
Value of manufactured
goods made over to
Asylum for Asylum
purposes.
Rs.
4,896
2,453
(c)8,963
16,312
15,181
17,439
Value of manufactured
goods in store at the
end of the year.
Rs.
31
314
296
641
656
1,135
Value of raw materials
in store at the end of
the year.
Rs.
15
429
25
469
533
495
Value of plant and
machinery in store
at the end of the
year.
Rs.
1,566
2,478
(d)l,700
5,744
4,625
4,528
Total
credit.
Rs.
6,83
5,75
12,748
25,88
22,76
25,49
Name of asylum.
Bareilly ..
Benares ..
Agra .. ..
Total ..
Provincial total for
1928.
Provincial total for
1929.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Debits.
Value of manufactured
goods in store on
January 1.
Rs.
15
561
46
622
1,283
381
Value of raw materials
in store on January
1.
Rs.
151
434
428
1,008
844
808
Value of plant and
machinery in store
on January 1.
Rs.
994
2,478
1,056
4,528
2,551
4,625
Raw materials pur-
chased.
Rs.
1,086
413
..
1,449
1,687
2,355
Contingencies of manu-
factures.
Rs.
2,178
768
1,134
4,080
4,532
5,179
All other charges.
Rs.
..
..
..
..
..
..
Total debits.
Rs.
4,374
4,654
2,659
11,687
10,897
13,348
Excess of credits or
profits.
Rs.
2,512
1,096
10,089
13,697
11,871
12,146
Excess of credits or
loss.
Rs.
..
..
..
..
..
..
18
Average number of lunatics
employed in manufactory.
Rs.
..
129
250
385
448
485
(a) Amount credited to treasury on account of said of factory produce only credited on other accounts,
e.g. sale of condemned articles, etc., shown along with this item in column 6 of statement V11I.
(b) The difference of Rs. 6,647 between column 3 of this statement and 6 of VIII is due to supply of jail
goods.
(c) Rs. 8,746 not included this year, vide Inspector-General of Civil Hospital's no. 8665 of August 28
1922, which was included up to 1921.
(d) Reduction of two and a half per cent. has been made from wear and tear.
N.B.—Excludes observation cases.
No. 59.
( NEW SERIES.)
SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS
BY
OFFICERS OF THE MEDICAL AND SANITARY DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Studies on the
Mouth Parts and Sucking Apparatus
of the Blood-Sucking Diptera
No. 3.
Lyperosia minuta, Bezzi
BY
CAPTAIN F. W. CRAGG, M.B., I.M.S.,
Assistant to Director, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Madras
ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA BY THE
DIRECTOR-GENERAL, INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE
CALCUTTA
SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA
1913
No. 59.
(NEW SERIES. )
SCIENTIFIC MEMOIRS
BY
OFFICERS OF THE MEDICAL AND SANITARY DEPARTMENTS
OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Studies on the Mouth Parts and Sucking Apparatus
of the Blood-Sucking Diptera.
No. 3.
Lyperosia minute, Bezzi.
BY
CAPTAIN F. W. CRAGG, M.B., I.M.S.,
Assistant to Director, King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Madras.
ISSUED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA BY THE
DIRECTOR-GENERAL, INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE
CALCUTTA
SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA
1913
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List of numbers of Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and
Sanitary Departments of the Government of India (New Series)
published previous to the present issue.
No. 1. Standardisation of Calmette's Anti-Venomous Serum with Pure Cobra Venom : the
Deterioration of this Serum through keeping in India, by Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S.,
and Wm. Hanna, Esq., M.B. Price As. 3 or 4d.
No. 2. Malaria in India, by Captain S. P. James, I.M.S. Price Re. 1-8 or 2s. 3d.
No. 3. Some Observations on the Poison of Russell's Viper (Daboia Russellii), by Captain
G. Lamb, I.M.S., and Wm. Hanna, Esq., M.B. Price As. 5 or 6 d.
No. 4. On the Action of the Venoms of the Cobra and of the Daboia on the Red Blood
corpuscles and on the blood plasma, by Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S. Price
As. 8 or 9 d.
No. 5. Specificity of Anti-Venomous Sera, by Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S. Price As. 3
or 4d.
No. 6. First Report on the Anti-Malarial Operations in Mian Mir, 1901-03, by Captain
S. P. James, I.M.S. Price As. 12 or 1s. 2d.
No. 7. Some Observations on the Poison of the Banded Krait (Bungarus Fasciatus), by
Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S. Price As. 8 or 9 d.
No. 8. A Preliminary Report on a Parasite found in Patients suffering from Enlargement.
of the Spleen in India, by Lieutenant S. R. Christophers, I.M.S. Price Re. 1-8
or 2s . 3d.
No. 9. Second Report of the Anti-Malarial Operations at Mian Mir, 1901-03, by Lieute-
nant S. R. Christophers, I.M.S. Price As. 10 or 1s.
No. 10. Specificity of Anti-Venomous Sera (Second Communication), by Captain G. Lamb,
I.M.S. Price As. 8 or 9d.
No. 11. On a Parasite found in persons suffering from Enlargement of the Spleen in
India-Second Report, by Lieutenant S. R. Christophers, I.M.S. Price
Rs. 2 or 3 s.
No. 12. On the Morphology, Teratology, and Diclinism of the Flowers of Cannabis, by
Major D. Prain, I.M.S. Price As. 14 or 1s. 4d.
No. 13. Oriental or Delhi Sore, by Captain S. P. James, I.M.S. Price As. 10 or 1s .
No. 14. On a Parasite found in the White Corpuscles of the Blood of Dogs, by Captain
S. P. James, I.M.S. Price As. 10 or 1s.
No. 15. On a Parasite found in persons suffering from Enlargement of the Spleen in
India-Third Report, by Lieutenant S. R. Christophers, I.M.S.P r i c e
As. 10 or 1s.
No. 16. The Specificity of Anti-Venomous Sera with special reference to a Serum prepared.
with the Venom of the Daboia Russellii, by Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S. Price
As. 6 or 7 d.
No. 17. Snake-Venoms in relation to Hæmolysis, by Captain G. Lamb, I.M.S. Price As. 6
or 7 d.
No. 18. Hæmogregarina Gerbilli, by Lieutenant S. R. Christophers, M.B., I.M.S. Price
As. 10 or 1s.
No. 1.9. On Kala Azar, Malaria and Malarial Cachexia, by Captain S. P. James, M.B.,
I.M.S. Price Re. 14 or l s. 11d.
A 2
Slip to be pasted with Scientific Memoir No. 59.
ERRATUM.
Title page. —For " M.B." read "M.D."
ADDENDA.
The magnification of the figures is as follows:—
Fig. 1 x 160.
Fig. 2 x 520.
Fig. 3 x 850.
Fig. 4 x 733.
Fig. 6 x 2,000.
Figs. 7, 8 and. 9 x 380.
Figs. 11 and 12 x 500.
Fig. 13 x 900, about.
Figs. 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23 x 1,250. The accompanying figures on
a slightly larger scale.
Fig. 26 x 750. The accompanying figures larger.
Fig. 30 x 900.
Fig. 31 x 425.
Studies on the Mouth Parts and Sucking Apparatus
of the Blood-Sucking Diptera.
No. 3.
Lyperosia minuta, Bezzi.
A LTHOUGH the mouth parts of Musca and its non-biting allies have been
a favourite subject of research, especially among the older entomologists,
the blood-sucking members of the group do not appear to have attracted much
attention until the advent of the modern era of parasitology. Since the recog-
nition of the rôle played by the blood-sucking arthropods in the transmission
of disease the subject has come to have, in addition to the academic interest
attaching to it, a certain practical importance, for it is through the proboscis
that the infective stage of the blood parasite must pass when it is transmitted
from one host to the other. A knowledge of the anatomy of this region,
and of the mechanism of the complicated structures concerned in the act of
feeding, is therefore essential to those engaged in the study of insect-borne
disease.
The only recent accounts of the proboscides of the blood sucking Muscids
are those of Hansen, who gave brief descriptions of Stomoxys and Glossina
and of Stephens and Newstead, who described and figured the external
mouth parts of the same flies in much greater detail, and the present writer's
account of Philænatomyia insignis. The descriptions of both on Stomo-
xys and Glossina, though they are accurate as regards the anatomical details,
are incomplete, these authors having unfortunately had access only to dried and
preserved material. This is a most serious handicap, for it is only by the exa-
mination of fresh material that one is able to study satisfactorily the complex
mechanism of the proboscis, and this is one of the most important points. The
suggestions regarding the nature of the biting action offered by the above
authors are a good deal wide of the mark.
According to Austen the genus Lyperosia is intermediate between Stomo-
xys and Glossina. As regards the structure and general appearance of the
proboscis it closely resembles Stomoxys, such differences as there are being
only in matters of detail. The two are at once distinguished by the length of
the palpi, which in Stomoxys are short, and in Lyperosia project almost to the
tip of the proboscis. The internal structures show a rather greater degree of