N. C.
DAS
GUPTA
37
TABLE III—contd.
Requirement of nutrients for livestock per year
Particulars
(c) Growth, including maintenance
Calves 0-1 year
Cattle . . . . .
Buffalo
.
.
.
.
Young stock 1-3 years—Cattle
Buffalo
(d) Breeding
Bulls . . . . .
Buffalo bulls .
.
.
.
Total for growth and breeding . .
Total for cattle and buffaloes . .
Horses and mules above one year for
medium work including maintenance
Donkeys for light work including
maintenance
Total requirement for livestock . .
Number
2,464,743
1,584,830
3,059,276
1,685,855
15,481
11,223
8,821,408
29,621,483
364,818
221,946
30,208,247
Average
live-
weight
(lb.)
125
150
400
500
900
1200
500
300
Dry matter
Per 100
lb. live-
weight
per day
(lb.)
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.2
Total
per
year in
thousand
tons
1,105
853
4,786
3,298
50
48
10,140
73,460
595
239
74,294
Digestible protein
Per head
per day
(lb.)
0.33
0.41
0.80
0.87
0.70
0.84
0.76
0.45
Total
per
year in
thousand
tons
130.5
105.9
398.8
239.1
1.8
1.5
877.6
3,428.1
45.2
16.3
3,489.6
Net energy
Therms
per head
per day
1.75
2.30
5.50
6.10
7.25
9.05
7.28
4.23
Total therms
per thousands
1,574,000
1,330,000
6,128,000
3,754,000
40,970
37,060
12,864,030
67,792,297
994 100
342,600
69,128,997
The yield of milk per year has been estimated on the basis of 800 lb. per lactation from a cow
and 1,000 lb. from a buffalo [Wright, 1937]. The average period of lactation has been taken as seven
months, and the annual yield has been obtained on the assumption that the number of milch animals
remain constant throughout the year.
Sheep and goat subsist partly on shrubs and bushes and partly on the common feeding stuffs.
The shrubs and bushes are not usually utilized by the cattle and buffaloes and whatever common
nutrients are consumed by sheep and goat are expected to be balanced by the return of nutrients in
the form of meat and milk for human consumption. The same is the case with the swine kept in the
rural areas and hence, they have not been considered in determining the balance of total nutrients
available and required for the Province.
Nutrients available for the livestock. Attempt has been made in Table IV to arrive at a figure for
the nutrients available for livestock. Grain: straw ratios used for the calculation are 1:1 for gram
and 'other food crops' (mainly pulses), 1:1.5 for rice and mandua, 1:2 for wheat, barley, kodon
and sawan, 1:2.5 for bajra and maize and 1:3 for jowar. Foreign [Morrison] figures have been used
for computation wherever Indian [Sen, 1938] feeding values were not available. Kellner's [1926]
value for millet straw was used for jowar, bajra, mandua, sawan and kodon straws. Value of straw
from 'other food crops' which consists mainly of pulses, has been assumed as equal to that from
gram. Jowar, bajra, guar and maize are the main fodder crops during kharif, whereas the crops
during rabi are lucerne, senji, oats and peas. The nutritive value of the cultivated fodders has been
taken as the average of these crops. The yield of hay from the grazing land had to be assumed, but
as suggested by the Royal Commission [1928] the yield from 'culturable waste' and 'not available for
cultivation' has been taken as three-fourths and one-fourth of that from the forest area. The nutrients
have been culculated on the basis of prime spear grass hay.