NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( 2 )
Vaccinators who performed the best
work.
10. The average work done by each vaccinator, primary and re-vaccina¬
tion, was 3,527 cases as against 2,867 in 1901-02.
The work done by vaccinator Yadeo Ambadas,
5,787 cases, is a record.
The vaccinators named below did excellent work during the season, and are
recommended for the reward noted against their names :—
Yadeo Ambadas Rs. 40 ; M. Pochanna and Hayath Khan Rs. 25 each;
Paparaja Rs. 20; Rawji Ramkrishna and Shaik Faizullah Rs. 15 each ; Muham¬
mad Akbar and Raghunath Ramchandra Rs. 10 each; Khubee, Rawji Vishnoo,
and Shaik Subhan Rs. 5 each.
Commendation to Superintendents of
vaccination.
11. Mr. Gopal Balaji and Mr. Mahadeo Balwant Deshpande, Superin-
tendents of Vaccination of Amraoti and Wun
distrtics, respectively, worked very well.
Mr. Bakaram Pandurang Hollay, 1st grade Superintendent of Vaccination,
attached to Sanitary Commissioner's office, did excellent work as usual. It is
due to his energy, zeal and interest that the experimental manufacture and intro-
duction of lanolinated calf lymph into the province has proved so successful.
Mr. Bakaram Pandurang and two vaccinators accompanied the Sanitary
Commissioner on a visit to the Mysore Vaccine Institute at Bangalore and were
instructed in the manufacture and use of the lymph.
C. L. SWAINE, M.D., M.C., D.P.H.,
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, I.M.S.,
Santiary Commissioner and Superintendent of Vaccination,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
APPENDICES.
Statement No. I.—Showing particulars of vaccination in the Hyderabad Assigned
Districts during the year 1902-03
...
...
...
...
Statement No- II.—Showing the cost of the department in the Hyderabad Assigned
Districts during the year 1902-03
...
... ... ...
Statement No, III,—Showing dispensary vaccination in the Hyderabad Assigned
Districts during the year 1902-03
...
...
... ...
Comparative Statement No. IV.—Showing the number of persons primarily vaccin-
ated and the number of tho3e persons who were successfully vaccinated in the
Hyderabad Assigned Districts...
...
...
... ...
Statement No. V.—Showing particulars of vaccination by Inspecting Officers for the
year 1903-03
...
...
...
...
... ...
Diagram showing the proportion of population protected during seven years ending
1902-03, and the death-rate from small-pox per 10,000 of population during the
year 1902 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Appendix A.—Showing efficacy of vaccination in diminishing small-pox mortality
in Berar
...
...
...
...
...
...
Appendix B.—Statistics relating to the number of children under one year of age in
municipal towns available for vaccination and the number of successful opera-
tions performed on them
...
...
...
...
...
Page.
4—5
4—5
4—5
4—5
4—5
6
7
7
( 6 )
Diagram showing the proportion of population protected during seven years ending 1902-03
and the death-rate from small-pox per 10,000 of population during the year 1902.
( 7 )
APPENDIX A.—Showing efficacy of vaccination in diminishing small-pox mortality in Berar.
Years.
1868-69 ... ...
1869-70 ... ...
1870-71 ... ...
1871-72 ... ...
1872-73 ... ...
Mean ...
1873-74.
... ...
1874-75 ... ...
1875-76 ... ...
1876-77 ... ...
1877-78 ... ...
Mean ...
1878-79 ... ...
1879-80 ... ...
1880-81 ... ...
1881-82 ... ...
1882-83 ... ...
Mean ...
1883-84 ... ...
1884-85 ... ...
1885-86 ... ...
1886-87 ... ...
1887-88 ... ...
Mean ...
Ratio per
1,000 suc¬
cessfully
vaccina-
ted.
4.3
3.2
7.9
13.0
16.2
8.92
14.5
21.0
24.0
31.1
38.0
25.72
22.3
29.3
33.9
32.5
38.0
31.2
30.3
37.0
35.3
35.6
35.2
34.68
Death-rate
per 1,000
from small-
pox.
1.9
3.6
0.6
0.2
3.8
2.02
3.8
0.5
0.4
0.2
2.9
1.56
2.7
.03
.02
.1
.1
.58
1.5
.2
.09
.04
.1
.38
Years.
1888-89 ... ...
1889-90 ... ...
1890-91 ... ...
1891-92 ... ...
1892-93 ...
Mean ...
1893-94 ... ...
1894-95 ... ...
1895-96 ... ...
1896-97 ... ...
1897-98 ... ...
Mean ...
1898-99 ...
1899-1900 ...
1900-01 ... ...
1901-02 ... ...
1902-03 ... ...
Mean ...
Ratio per
1,000 suc-
cessfully
vaccina-
ted.
36.1
35.68
34.3
36.0
37.0
35.8
35.0
32.2
31.8
34.5
34.7
33.6
34.6
43.2
27.3
29.9
42.7
35.54
Death-rate
per 1,000
from
small-pox.
.3
.7
.1
.01
.02
.2
.06
.3
.2
.3
.2
.19
.2
.1
.3
.07
.1
.15
APPENDIX B.—Statistics relating to the number of children under one year of age in towns
available for vaccination and the number of successful operations performed on them.
Town.
1
Amraoti Town.
Do. Camp...
Karinja ...
Ellichpur City.
Do Civil Sta¬
tion.
Yeotmal
...
Basim ...
Akola
...
Khamgaon ...
Shegaon ...
Akot ...
Buldana
...
Total ...
Number of
births during
the year
1902.
2
1,724
186
618
1,315
335
550
676
1,132
641
687
991
175
9,030
Number of
deaths amongst
children under
one year during
the year
1902.
3
362
43
166
346
77
111
136
290
238
150
267
49
2,235
Number avail-
able for vaccina¬
tion after deduct¬
ing the numbrs
who have died as
shown in
column 3.
4
1,362
143
452
969
258
439
540
842
403
537
724
126
6,795
Number of
successful vacci-
nations on child¬
ren under one
year during the
year ending
March 1903.
5
1,144
169
446
*1,034
*338
385
329
†549
†316
†197
617
86
5,610
Date of extension
of Vaccination
Act to town.
6
8th August 1894.
18th March 1893.
1st April 1897.
8th August 1894.
Do.
22nd Dec. 1893.
18th March 1893.
1st April 1894.
18th March 1893.
8th August 1894.
18th Match 1893.
22nd Dec. 1893.
* NOTE.—The increase is due to a large number of factories beeing started and women coming in from
outside to work in them.
† NOTE.—The decrease is due to severe epidemic of plague in these municipalities and the surrounding
villages.
AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.
IN LONDON.
E. A. ARNOLD, 87, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.
CONSTABLE & Co., 2, Whitehall Gardens, S.W.
SAMPSON, LOW, MARSTON & Co., St. Dunston's House, Fetter Lane, E.C.
P. S. KING & SON, 9, Bridge Street, Westminster, S.W.,
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W.C.
KEGAN, PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Charing Cross Road, W.C.
B. QUARITCH, 15, Piccadilly, W.
WILLIAMS & NORGATE, Oxford.
DEIGHTON, BELL A. Co., Cambridge.
ON THE
CONTINENT.
FRIEDLANDER & SONN, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin.
OITA HARRASSOWITZ, Leipzig.
KARL W. HIERSEMANN, Leipzig.
ERNEST LEROEX, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris.
MARTINUS NUHOFF, The Hagae.
IN
INDIA.
THACKER, SPINK & Co., Calcutta.
W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
R. CAMBAY & Co., Calcutta.
S. K. LAHIRI & Co., Calcutta.
THACKER & Co., Bombay.
E. SEYMOUR HALE, ESQ., 53, Esplanade Road, Fort, Bombay,
A. J. COMBRIDGE & Co., Bombay.
D. B. TARAPOREWALA & Co., Bombay.
Mrs. RADABHAI ATMARAM SAGOON, Bombay.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
V. KALAVANARAM IYER & CO., Madras.
G. A. NATESAN & Co., Madras,
A. W. HAMILTON & Co., 11, Edmonstone Road, Allahabad.
RAI SAHIB M. GULAB SINGH & SONS, Mufid-I-Am Press, Lahore.
STATST
ATTSTICS
OF
WITH
HAFFKINE'S ANTI-PLAGUE VACCINE,
1897-1900.
Compiied from Records in the Plague Department
of the Secretariat and the Plague Research
Laboratory, Bombay,
BY
W. B. BANNERMAN, M.D;, B.So.,
MA.JOB, INDIAN MEDICAL SEKVIOE,
SUPERINTENDENT, PLA.GÜE RESEAftOH LABORATOUY, BOMBAY.
Β Ο Μ Β Α Υ :
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
1900.
[Indian Price—5 Annas.]
[English Price—6 Pence.]
OFFICIAL AGENTS FOE THE SALE OF INDIAN
OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS.
In England.
E. A. ARNOLD, 37, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C., London.
CONSTABLE & Co., 2, Whitehall Gardens, S.W., London.
SAMPSON, Low, MARSTON & Co., St. Dunstan's House, Fetter Lane, E.G.,
London.
P. S. KING & SON, 9, Bridge Street, Westminster, S.W., London.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russell Street, W.C., London.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUENER & Co., Charing Cross Road, W.C., London.
B. QuARITCH, 15, Piccadilly, W., London.
WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, Oxford.
DEIGHTON BELL & Co., Cambridge.
On the Continent.
FJUEDLÂNDEE & SOHN, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin.
OTTO HARRASSOWITZ, Leipzig.
KARL W. HIERSEMANN, Leipzig.
ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague.
In India.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
TRACKER, SPINK & Co., and W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
THACKER & Co., LD., A. J. COMBRIDGE & Co., MR. SEYMOUR HALE, and
CURATOR, GOVERNMENT CENTRAL BOOK DEPÔT, Bombay.
STATISTICS
OF INOCULATIONS
WITH
HAFFKINE'S ANTI-PLAGUE VACCINE
1897-19OO.
Compiled from Records in the Plague Department
of the Secretariat and the Plague Research
Laboratory, Bombay,
BY
W. B. BANNERMAN, M.D., B.Sc.,
MAJOB, INDIAN MEDICAL SERVICE,
SUPERINTENDENT, PLAQUE RESEARCH LABORATORY, BOMBAY.
BOMBAY:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS,
1900.
Dates.
1st day...
2nd
day...
3rd day...
5th day...
6th day...
7th day...
2
Classification.
(Uninoculated
( Inoculated ...
( Uniiioculcitcd
···
( Inoculated ...
( Uninoculated
( Inoculated ...
( Uninoculated
( Inoculated ...
( Uninoculated
( Inoculated ...
( Uninoculatcd
( Inoculated ...
Daily strength.
177
151
172
150
173
146
171
146
169
146
169
146
Cases.
2
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
5
1
Deaths.
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
Thus in an average Uninoculated population of 172, there occurred 12
cases, with 6 fatalities, while in an inoculated group living in exactly similar
circumstances, and averaging 147 in numbers, there were only 2 attacks and
no deaths at all.
This result, having "become known, naturally encouraged the inhabitants
of Bombay City to apply for inoculation in large numbers, and during the
course of the season of plague prevalence, i.e., up to October 1897, altogether
8,142 persons were operated on. The following table shows that those inocu-
lated belonged to all castes and ages :—
Sex and Age distribution.
Adult males... ... ...
,, females ... ... ...
Children of 10 years and under.
Unclassified ...
...
...
5,259
1,668
1,079
136
Race distrilution.
Brahmins ... ... ...
Kshatriyas ... ... ...
Other Hindu Castes ... ... ...
Mahomedans ...
...
...
Europeans
...
...
...
Native Christians ... ... ...
Japanese ... ... ...
Unclassified
...
...
3,4144
298
486
219
805
839
1,478
467
414
84
2
136
In this early period in the introduction of inoculation, it is probable that
cases of plague appearing among those inoculated were promptly reported to the
Laboratory staff, as the whole medical profession in Bombay were watching its
effect with the keenest interest.
The reported number of attacks and deaths among the 8,142 inoculated
persons may therefore probably be taken as fairly accurate. Eighteen cases of
undoubted plague were thus reported and investigated by officers of the Labora-
tory. Of these 2 died and 16 recovered. The two former were ascertained
to have had the signs of the disease on them at the time of inoculation, and
therefore may be left out of account, as the operation does not profess to be·
curative in this senso.
4
same proportion as the uninoculated, they should have had 101 deaths instead of
6—a difference of 94'06 per cent.
2nd period,
17th April to 21st May
Operators.
Dr. Kalapesi
Dr. Poiares
...
...
Total
...
...
...
INOCULATED
Numbers.
1,372
267
1,639
Cases.
52
12
64
Deaths.
18
9
27
Percentage
of
Mortality.
1.8
3.3
1.6
NOT INOCULATED.
Numbers.
5,869
Deaths.
674
Percentage
of
Mortality.
11.5
The vaccine used for the second series was much weaker than that previously
employed, as the laboratory was unable in this initial stage to meet the increas-
ing demands which arose on all hands. The results obtained therefore were
less successful as one would naturally expect. If the inoculated had suffered in
the same proportion as the uninoculated, they should have had 188 deaths instead
of 27—a difference of 85'6 per cent.
2nd period,
22nd to 31st May
Operators.
Dr. Kalapesi ...
Dr. Poiares ...
Total
...
...
...
INOCULATED
Numbers.
1,906
258
2,164
Cases.
1
3
4
Deaths.
1
2
3
Percentage
of
Mortality.
0.05
0.8
0.14
NOT INOCULATED.
Numbers.
4,643
Deaths.
93
Percentage
of
Mortality.
2.0
If the inoculated had suffered in the same proportion as the uninoculated,
they should have had 43 deaths instead of 3—a difference of 93 per cent.
Taking the period as a whole, the following is the result obtained :—
2,197 inoculated had 36 deaths, or 1.6 percent, of mortality.
6,033 not inoculated had 1,482 deaths or 24.6 per cent, of mortality.
As many familes in Daman were entirely inoculated, and so had no unin-
oculated individuals living with them for comparison, it was found necessarv to
compare the whole moculated population with all those not inoculated remaining
in the town. But if those houses be singled out in which only a portion of the
inhabitants had been inoculated, the following result is obtained in 62 such
cases :—
Not Inoculated ...
...
...
Numbers.
250
124
Cases.
50
54
Deaths.
20
37
Percentage of
Mortality.
8.0
29.8
5
It the 250 inoculated had suffered to the same extent as the 124 uninoculat-
ed, they should have had 75 deaths instead of 20—a difference of 73'3 per cent.
From the above it would appear that uninoculated individuals living in the
same houses as those inoculated are a source of danger to them, and therefore
inoculated people are advised to see that those in immediate contact with them,
(i.e., family and servants) are likewise operated on. It is just as much a duty
to the public to be inoculated during plague prevalence, as to be vaccinated when
small-pox appears in the neighbourhood.
A striking illustration of the effect produced by the inoculation of an entire
community is afforded by the history of this epidemic among the Pársi inha-
bitants of Daman. The Pársi community of Lower Daman numbered 306.
Of these, 277 were inoculated and 29 were not. The following shows the
attacks and deaths in the two groups. No death from any other cause than
plague occurred in this community during the epidemic :—
Inoculated ...
...
...
Nob Inoculated ... ...
Numbers.
277
29
Cases.
8
4
Deaths.
1
4
Percentage of
Mortality.
0-36
13-8
If the inoculated, who were living in precisely the same social conditions as
the uninoculated had been affected in the same proportion, they should have had
38 deaths instead of only one, a difference of 97.4 per cent.
It should be noted that the solitary case of death among the inoculated
Pársis, had pain in the groin and fever at the time of inoculation—in fact, was
suffering from plague already manifest,—and therefore could not be expected to
derive benefit from the prophylactic.
3. Lanoivli.—A small hill-station and railway depot at the top of the Bhor
Ghat was the scene of the next demonstration. During the season, i.e., April
and May 1897, plague first appeared here, and about 20 cases occurred ; then the
disease subsided, but only to re-appear in epidemic form after the onset of the
monsoon, at a time when, owing to the departure of summer visitors, the popu-
lation numbered only about 2,000. Operations were begun towards the end of
July, in C and D Wards of the town, these having been chosen by the local
Plague Committee for trial. A census having been made, inoculations were
begun on 24th July 1897, and continued daily, as opportunity arose, among the
friends and neighbours of those attacked. A daily house-to-house inspection
was kept up in these wards for weeks after this, and the figures given below
show the result obtained.
Table showing the incidence of Plague in C and D wards of Lanowli in
1897. Days showing no occurrences are omitted :—
Date.
24th July 1897 ...
25th do. ...
26th do. ...
27th do. ...
28th
do. ...
29th do. ...
80th
do. ...
31st
do. ...
1st August 1897 ...
2nd do. ...
3rd do. ...
4th
do. ...
5th do. ...
6th do. ...
8th do. ...
B 42-2
UNINOCULATED.
Population.
711
636
621
568
544
472
460
430
398
373
341
836
331
329
323
Cases.
4
5
4
2
3
2
6
3
8
8
1
3
1
3
1
Deaths.
4
5
3
2
3
1
4
2
6
6
1
2
...
1
...
INOCULATED.
Population.
45
110
126
175
197
266
276
300
328
342
363
866
368
367
370
Cases.
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
8
3
1
1
1
...
...
Deaths.
...
1
2
1
Date.
9th August 1897 ...
10th
do. ...
11th
do. ...
12th
do. ...
13th
do. ...
14th
do. ...
17th
do. ...
19th
do. ...
20th
do. ...
22nd do. ...
23rd
do. ...
26th
do. ...
3rd September 1897.
4th
do. ...
6th
do. ...
7th
do. ...
13th
do. ...
23rd do. ...
6
UNINOCTJLATED.
Population.
322
320
319
318
316
315
314
313
312
311
305
305
304
303
302
30]
298
297
Cases.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
...
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
Deaths.
1
....
1
...
1
...
...
1
5
...
1
1
. . .
1
3
1
1
INOCULATED.
Population.
370
371
370
370
370
370
370
37 0
369
369
369
368
368
368
368
368
368
368
Cases.
1
....
1
...
. . .
. . .
1
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Deaths.
...
...
1
...
...
1
...
1
...
...
...
...
...
Taking the average daily strength of the two groups and comparing them, it
is seen that 377 uninoculatecl had 78 cases with 57 deaths, while 323 inoculated
had 14 cases with 7 deaths. If the inoculated had suffered in the same proportion
as the uninoculated, they ought to have had 49 deaths, instead of 7—a difference
of 85.7 per cent.
4. Kirkee.—Plague broke out here in the artillery cantonment, situated 4
miles from Poona ; and the followers of the four batteries stationed there suffered
severely. These men were living with their families in lines on a sloping plain,
under Military discipline, and in circumstances far superior, in a sanitary sense,
to those of the average villager. When the disease appeared the lines were
isolated, so that none could enter or leave without the knowledge of the Military.
A special hospital was erected close by, where all sick persons were sent as they
were discovered by the search parties of European artillerymen, who visited
each house thrice daily. It is therefore probable that all cases of plague were
promptly discovered and removed to hospital, and in each case the usual
disinfection was thoroughly and systematically carried out. Yet, in spite of all
this, it was found that, in those not protected by inoculation, one out of every 6 of
the population was attacked, and 2 out of every 3 attasked, died. The epidemic
was therefore a severe one. The population of the lines numbered 1,530 ; and
out of these (371 volunteered for inoculation. At the close of the epidemic the
plague hospital admission and discharge book was examined, and compared with
the register of those inoculated, when the following result was got. The
population operated on being under Military discipline, and confined to their
lines makes the accuracy of the figures undoubted.
inoculated ... ... ...
Not inoculated ... ... ...
Numbers.
671
859
Cases.
32
143
Deaths.
17
98
Percentage of
Mortality.
2-5
11-4
Here, then, is seen a body of people divided into two groups by the fact
that one had undergone inoculation and the other not, lut differing in no other
way, reacting towards plague in such a markedly different manner that the con-
elusion is forced on one that the inoculation must be the cause. Seeing the
absolute similarity of conditions, the 671 inoculated should have had proportion-
ately 112 cases and 77 deaths if they had remained as susceptible to the disease
as their uninoculated brothers, sisters, parents, wives, husbands, children; but-
9
stant supervision. All but 3 of them submitted to inoculation on December
23rd, l897, and the following shows the incidence of plague in the two groups :—
Inoculated
Not inoculated
Population.
80
3
Cases.
2
Deaths from Plague.
••••••
2
In January 1899, when a third epidemic of plague visited Belga urn, this
group of persons, who then numbered 84, were inoculated again, 7 excepted, with
the following result :—
Inoculated in 1899...
Inoculated in 1897 but
again in 1899
Not inoculated
...
not
...
...
Population.
77
2
5
Cases.
2
Deaths from Plague.
2
...
1
As these people were living isolated from others, and under daily medical
supervision, errors of diagnosis are practically excluded, and the results record-
ed may be taken as accurate.
The second instance noted by Major Forman is from his own compound,
being from the body of his private servants and their families. They were all in-
oculated, with the exception of Govind's child and Rajah, on 23rd and 24th
December 1897, and the following are the details of events up to- August
1899 :—
Names.
Anthony, butler
Juan
do.
Do. wife
Do. daughter
Do. do.
Sundaram, chokra
Bullock-coach driver
Tom, cook
Do. wife
Do. father ...
Do. 5 children
Joseph, cook's matey
Dusrut, syce ...
Do. 2 wives
Govind, syce ...
Do. wife ...
Do. child...
Tulsi, sweeper
Do. 2 children
...
...
... «
*• •
«••
. . .
• . a
...
...
...
...
...
•
.
Whether attacked
by Plague.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
Yes.
No.
No.
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
• ••
• ••
...
• • •
REMARKS.
Left Belgaum some months after; now in Burmah.
Still withtMajor Forman in Belgaum. Have been,
inoculacd twice since.
Do.
do.
Do.
do.
All alive in Belgaum. Now cook with 21st Pioneers.
Still alive in Belgaum.
Went to his village about 4 months afterwards.
Present state unknown.
Both in Belgaum now and well.
Parents refused to have child inoculated.
It died of plague in end of January 1898. Was treat-
ted in hospital by Major Zimmermann, R.A.M.C.
All in Belgaum now and well. Her husband, a
cantonment sweeper, who was not supposed to live
in the compound, but probably came at nights, was
not inoculated, and died of plague 3 months after.
B 42—3
Names.
Sattu, gardener
Puniah do,
Madah. washerman ...
Rajah, waterman
...
Lingapah, tailor
Whether attacked
by Plague.
No. ...
No. ...
No. ...
Yes. ...
No. ...
10
R EM ARKS.
Still in Belgaum and well. This man lost his father,
wife, sister-in-law, and 2 children from plague.
None of them, except himself, were inoculated. He
was living with them at the time in the city.
Still in Belgaum and well.
Lost his sister and brother from plague some time
afterwards. They were not inoculated, and he was
living with them.
He was not inoculated, threw himself into a well and
was drowned. He was believed to have been
delirious from plague fever at the time.
Still alive in Belgaum. Lost his mother and brother
and brother's wife and children from plague. They
were not inoculated, and he was living with them.
Note—The 5 last named lived sometimes in the compound and sometimes not. The tailor spent the day at
Major Forman's house, but went home at night.
The above may be arranged in tabular form as follows :—
Inoculated ... ...
Not inoculated
...
Population.
28
2
Cases.
*2
|
Deaths from
Plague.
*2
REMAKES.
* One was possibly not
a case of plague (Rajah)
hut at the time was
thought to be so.
7. Umerli-kadi Jail, Bombay —Plague appeared in this jail in the end of
December 1897. Three prisoners took the disease and subsequently died. Then
on 1st January 189S, inoculation was offered to the prisoners, who all, 401 in
number, declared themselves willing to undergo the operation.
It was resolved, however, for the purposes of demonstration, that only one-
half of each group of prisoners should be operated on. These consisted of groups
of prisoners sentenced to simple imprisonment or to hard labour, civil debtors,
nndertrials, convict warders, cooks and female prisoners. As each group was
brought forward, the individuals composing it were seated in rows, and every
second man or woman was chosen for operation. Two prisoners only, refused to
allow inoculation. No distinction was made between the groups of inoculated
and uninoculated prisoners ; they bad the same food and drink, the same hours
of work and rest, and the same accommodation. After this, plague cases
appeared at intervals for a space of 30 days and were distributed as follows.
During this time an almost equal number of releases took place in the two
groups, and the average daily strength exposed to the disease up to the end,
was 147 inoculated, and 127 not inoculated :—
Average.
Inoculated ...
Not inoculated ...
Population.
147
127
Cases.
*3
10
Deaths.
6
.Remarks.
* The disease was so mild in these
cases that the hospital authorities
were doubtful whether they were
cases of plague.