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most remarkable feature is the perfect harmlessness of the bite in man and wild animals, and even calves,
so long as they continue to suck the cows, though it is no protection to the dog to feed on milk
In the ox the immediate effects are no greater than in man; but, a few days after, the eyes and nose
begin to run, the coat stares, a swelling appears under the jaw and sometimes at the navel, and
though the poor creature continues to live and graze, emaciation commences, accompanied by a pecu-
liar flaccidity of the muscles. This proceeds unchecked until perhaps, afterwards, purging comes on,
and the patient dies in a state of exhaustion."
To show the great ravages caused by this disease the author mentions that "Lehlunane once lost
nearly the entire cattle of his tribe, amounting to many thousands, by intruding unwillingly upon the
haunts of this murderous insect."
Bruce states that with regard to the Tse-tse fly disease or Nagana in Zululand, that it is invariably
fatal in the horse, donkey and dog, but a small percentage of cattle recover. The African disease is
characterised by the constant occurrence in the blood of an infusorial parasite, either identical with or
closely resembling the Trypanosoma evansi.
(b).—PRE'CIS OF CASES.
In two cases of spontaneous Surra in bovines (Hissar bullocks), observed at Karnal during the
months of December 1895 and January 1896, the animals had been ailing for some four months, but
thin and emaciated only during the eight weeks prior to my visit. In both these cases the attack of
Surra was complicated by the presence of large numbers of embryo Filariæ in the blood, in addi-
tion to varying numbers of the 'Trypanosoma evansi.' For three days previous to the death of No. 13,
the temperature ranged between 95° and 105°F„ a variation of ten degrees, but at the autopsy few
pathological changes were noted, and those of a slight character. No. 152 Bullock, which presented
quite as an advanced condition of Surra as the one that succumbed, very gradually recovered, at a later
date, September 1896, had put on flesh, and presented a good condition, although for some time it was
quite off its feed, and only ate when tempted by lucerne grass being placed in its mouth. The tempera-
ture in this case ranged between 99° and 107°F., and for a considerable period, after the special Surra
symptoms had passed, the morning remissions and evening exacerbations of temperature were most
marked. This fever of an intermittent type was not due to Surra or Filariasis only, alone or combined,
but was a special form of disease of malarial origin. For at Karnal malarial fever in bovines and
equines appears alone, as well as complicating other disorders.
SECTION II.
Bovine Surra following
Inoculation.
The course which Surra takes in bovines, when acquired either spontaneously or after inoculation,
has been very briefly pointed out in my earlier reports on this disease. It will be as well, however, to
recapitulate the leading facts known concerning these animals, in order to compare them with the symp-
toms and course of Surra in buffaloes, now recorded for the first time.
Some five or six bovines were subjected at Poona to inoculation with the Trypanosoma from dif-
ferent animals, viz., horse, rat, and the latter organism after it had been passed through equines.
All these animals survived the first attack of the disease, and subsequently were respectively exposed to
re-inoculation with material obtained from a more virulent source to that injected on the first occasion.
In no instance did any serious symptoms follow as a consequence, but at a later period Bull No. III and
the calf contracted rinderpest spontaneously, and succumbed to it, 232 and 234 days respectively, after
the date of their re-inoculation with Surra.
In the following précis will be found the chief facts noted in the case of each animal, together with
a tabular statement giving the fullest details.
PRECIS OF CASES.
Bull No. I.—Deccani-bred.
This animal was kept under observation for some time, during
which it appeared quite healthy. It was subcutaneously inoculated on 24th March 1891 with 1.75 c.c.
of blood, containing numerous Surra hæmatozoa taken from the jugular vein of Horse No. XIX. A
considerable amount of swelling and œdema, with tenderness on manipulation, followed at the seat of
inoculation. On the evening of the 28th May the temperature rose to 39.7° C., and on the following
morning one hæmatozoon was discovered on microscopical examination after searching through several
specimens of blood. On the 30th no hæmatozoa were found in the blood, but on the 31st and 1st April
a few were observed; from this date until the 17th June no more hæmatozoa or their immature forms
were seen, although carefully searched for. On June 17th, eighty-five days after the inoculation of the
animal, two Guinea Pigs were inoculated subcutaneously with 0.2 c.c. of blood from the bull. No. I
Guinea Pig developed hæmatozoa in the blood on the 27th, ten days after inoculation, whilst No. II
Guinea Pig did not develop any until the 5th July, or eighteen days after inoculation. The organisms
were present off and on in the blood of these animals for a considerable period, No. I finally succumb-
ing to the disease on the 8th of November 1891, or 144 days after its inoculation, whilst No. II died on
the 12th October 1891 or 117 days after inoculation. During the interval which elapsed between the
17th June and 3rd September 1891, no hæmatozoa were discovered in the blood of the bull, although
B
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