EXPLANATION OF TERMS, &c.
The first day of the disease is that upon which the Surra hæmatozoon is present in the blood, either when contracted
naturally, or as the result of inoculation.
Petchaiæ
...}These
are used as synonymous terms.
Ecchymosis ...
Some diameters have been given as equivalent to that of a rupee, eight, four, and two-anna pieces. The following are
their measurements in inches and in centimetres :—
Rupee
Eight-anna
Four
Two
„
„
=
=
=
=
1.25 inches
0.375
.750
.625
„
„
„
=
=
=
=
3.17
2.38
1.904
1.58
centimetres.
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„
The terms ' Hæmatozoon' and 'Organism' have reference to the infusorian found in the blood of horses, the subjects
of Surra, if not otherwise defined.
The terms and abbreviations Absent (A.), Few (F.), Numerous (N.), Very Numerous (V.N.), and Swarming (S.) have
reference to the number of hæmatozoa present in each cover-glass specimen of blood, examined microscopically.
V.
F.
N.
N.
S.
=
=
=
=
From one hæmatozoon in a cover-glass preparation of blood to five hæmatozoa in a field of the microscope.
„
„
five
twenty
Above fifty
„
„
„
„
„ to twenty in each field.
„ to fifty in each field.
Zeiss object D, ocular 4 with the tube in, being employed.
Variation of temperatures of animals in health at the Laboratory :—
Horse—Normal limits between
Donkey—
Ox—
Sheep—
Goat —
Dog—
Cat—
Rabbit—
Guinea-pig-
Fowl—
Pigeon—
„
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„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
„
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99.0°F. and 101.0ºF.
96.4°F. and 97.8°F.
100.0°F. and 101.0°F.
103.0°F. and 104.7°F.
101.8°F. and 104.3°F.
98.6°F. and 103.6°F.
98.6°F. and 101.5°F.
101.8°F. and 103.6°F.
101.1°F. and 103.0°F.
105.8°F. and 108.7°F.
105.8°F. and 109.4°F.
= 37.2°C. and 38.3°C.
= 35.8°C. and 36.6°C.
= 37.7°C. and 35.3°C.
= 39.4°C. and 40.0°C.
= 38.8°C. and 40.2°C.
= 37.0°C. and 39.8°C.
= 37.0°C. and 38.6°C.
= 38.8°C. and 39.8°C.
= 38.4°C. and 39.4°C.
= 41.0°C. and 42.6°C.
= 41.0°C. ond 43.0°C.
The temperatures of the large animals were taken three times daily—between 7 A.M. and 8 A.M., 1 P.M. and 1-30
P.M., 5 P.M. and 6 P.M.; that of the smaller animals and birds usually twice daily—8 A.M. and 5 P.M.
Precautions observed before taking blood from an animal for experimental purposes.
The part was carefully washed with soap and water, and subsequently with a solution of Mercuric Perchloride,
1 in 1,000.
Each animal had a lancet, ticketed with its number, assigned for the purpose of blood-letting ; this instrument was
specially kept for this animal alone, and after use was boiled for a period of ten minutes before being used again for the
same animal.
The person collecting specimens of blood from the affected animals for microscopical examination in each instance
washed his hands carefully after handling one and before proceeding to another animal. This precautionary measure was
adopted on the 15th January 1891, and has been since carried out.
For the purposes of record, the blood of the experimental animals and birds was subjected to microscopical examination
once daily in the morning, unless points of interest.made it necessary to make observations later in the day.
Blood.—In investigating the condition of the blood of the experimental animals and birds in all cases, since the
commencement of this enquiry, two large cover-glass preparations have always been taken daily from each animal, and sub-
mitted to careful microscopical examination. If there was doubt on any point, or interesting details had to be cleared up,
further specimens of blood were obtained and noted as required.
Pathological conditions found at the Autopsies.
In numerous instances in horses caseous bodies or masses have been described as having been found invading the tissues
of the lungs and liver. These bodies are due to pathological changes which have taken place at a period antecedent to
that when the animal became the subject of acquired or incculated Surra.
B 2204—b