9
The people try no remedy now. They used to apply a hot iron across the loins, but when the
disease is recognised, they know that there is no hope for the animal, and so resort to charms or leave
the case to chance ".—(Veterinary-Captain Gunn).
Jalandhar
District.
This lies farthest sout-west of the three districts of the Jálandhar Division. Together with the
Native State of Kapúrthala, it occupies the apex of the Doáb, between the Biás and the Sutlej, the
Kapurthala territory lying to the westwards and separating the district completely from the Biás
river.
The district is divided into four tahsils, Jálandhar comprising the northern portion of the district,
and Nawáshahr, Phillour, and Nakodar, the southern, lying in that order from east to west. It comprises
an area of 1,322 square miles, with a population of 789,555.
The height above sea level ranges from 800' to 1,000'. The sub-montane portion of the Doáb
belongs to the Hoshiarpur District. Below the hills the whole is one expanse of alluvial soil, of
unvarying fertility throughout. The highest portion is at Rahon, near the eastern corner of the district;
where it attains an elevation of 1,012 feet above the sea; from here it gradually slopes westward
towards the Biás.
The bed of the Sutlej is marked on the Jálandhar side by a well defined bank, below which there
stretches a tract of varying width called " Bet or Khadar " partially submerged during the height of the
summer floods. This tract is on an average about 25' below the rest of the district, the higher land
being turned bángar or dhá.
The Jálandhar Doáb receives the drainage of the Siwálik line of hills which traverse its base.
The drainage lines unite in two streams, called respectively the east or sufed (white) ben, and the
west, or siyah (black) ben. The former runs through the whole length of the Jálandhar District, the
latter almost entirely through Kapúrthala territory. Irrigation from the sufed (east) ben is practised
by means of Persian wheels upon the banks, which are too high for direct irrigation by overflow of the
water.
There are several Jhils or marshy lakes in the district, which collect a considerable volume of
surface drainage in the rains, and retain a certain amount of water throughout the year.
The rainfall in four years varied from 22.8" to 39", the average for the four stations for eighteen
years being—Jálandhar 31.2", Phillour 27.1", Nawashahr 29.4", and Nakodar 27.5".
Cattle, sheep, and goats are kept in considerable numbers, donkeys to a less extent, and few horses
and camels.
Jalandhar Tahsil—In 1893-94 a village of this tahsil lost cent. per cent. horses from Surra.
In 1894-95 the names of ten villages are specified in this tahsil and Surra broke out in three other
villages at the commencement of 1896.
At Jalandhar in 1894 two mares from Bhagpur affected with disease were brought for treatment
and kept with other horses belonging to Lala Salig Ram. In fifteen days afterwards all the horses were
attacked, and as it was feared that the disease would spread, the whole of them were destroyed.
Nawashahar Tahsil—During July and August 1895, Surra broke out in two villages of this
tahsil, 8 horses and 20 asses died out of 21 and 27, animals, respectively.
The disease is reported from two villages of this tahsil during November 18 96. The loss was 11
horses and 7 asses out of 14 and 32 animals or equal to 78 per cent. and 22 per cent., respectively.
The disease is said to have been very severe in this district in 1895-96. The people say that it
spread from them to the ' Bet' villages.
The vernacular names of the disease in this district appear to be " Táp ", " Sokhra "," Zaharbad "
and " Táp-dik ".
Hoshiarpur
District.
The Hoshiarpur District comprises so much of the Siwalik range as lies between the rivers Sutlej
and Biás, together with a broad strip of the plain country at the foot of the range, and the greater
portion of the valley that lies between it and the outer Himalayas. The Biás and Sutlej rivers prac-
tically form the northern and southern boundaries of the district. The area is 2,180 square miles,
with a population of 901,381 souls.
The district is divided into four tahsils, viz., Hoshiarpur, Garhshankar, Dasuah, and Una.
The average height above sea level ranges from 920' to 1,400'.
The district is nearly equally divided into hill and plain. The hills comprise the Siwalik range
which runs down the centre of the district and the western slopes of the outer range of the Kángra
hills, the two enclosing a valley called " Jaswan Dun." The plains to the west of the Siwalik range are
intersected by a number of sandy torrents, the waters of which eventually flow into the Sutlej and Biás.
B 2204—3