NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
No. 30 OF 1897.
FROM
BRIGADE-SURGEON-LIEUT.-COLONEL C. C LITTLE, M.D.,
Sanitary Commissioner, &c., Hyderabad Assigned Districts,
To
F. S. BULLOCK, ESQ., I.C.S.,
Commissioner, Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
Dated Amraoti, the 1st May 1897.
SIR,
I have the honor to forward, for the information of the Resident, the
Report on Vaccination for the year 1896-97.
Submission of annual vaccination
statements.
In accordance with the Government of India, Home Department, Resolu-
tion No. 28/1579-95 of July 1887, the report this year
consists of brief commentary explanatory of the
statistics set forth in the prescribed annual state-
ments.
Changes in supervision.
2. First Class Superintendent of Vaccination Ajaj Husain, in charge of the
Ellichpur district, died during the year, and Mr.
Gopal Balaji was appointed in his stead.
Mr. Ajaj Husain entered the department in 1869, and for 21 years
performed the duties of a District Superintendent. He was connected with
the department from its infancy, and did much good work in extending
vaccination at a time when the attitude of the people was not over friendly to
those employed on the work. He was a trustworthy, reliable man, and in
him the department loses an experienced and efficient officer.
Statement No. I—Strength of
department.
3. The strength of the department remained
the same as in previous years, and worked up to
its full complement.
Season's work.
4. The total number of operations performed rose from 106,605 in 1895-96
to 120,111 during the year under review. There
was thus a total increase of 13,506 operations, or
12.6 per cent., as compared with last year.
Primary vaccination.
5. The number of primary operations was 98,594, being 5,900 more than
in 1895-96, or an increase of 6.3 per cent. Each
district, except Ellichpur, shows an increase,
which is most marked in the Wun and Akola districts. The appointment of a
now Superintendent to the Ellichpur district and to the staff taking advan-
tage of his inexperience would account for the decrease of 471 in that district.
The percentage of success in primary vaccination was 96.8 as compared
with 95.9 in the previous year. The district rate ranged from 98.3 in Ellichpur
to 95.5 in Basim.
B-69
( 3 )
The following table shows the protection afforded to infants under one
year of age as compared with the previous year :—
TABLE No. 2.—Infants protected for two years compared.
Years.
1895-96 ...
1896-97 ...
Registered
births.
105,952
109,018
Registered
deaths under
one year.
23,831
23,134
Number of
children avail¬
able for vac-
cination.
82,121
85,879
Infants suc-
cessfully vac-
cinated.
67,439
77,490
Infants re-
maining to be
vaccinated.
14,682
8,389
Percentage of
available in-
-ants protected.
82.1
90.2
Though it is not quite correct to assume that all infants dying under one
year escape vaccination, still, as the operation is not usually performed
on infants under six months old, a large proportion would necessarily be
unprotected. The table may therefore be taken as fairly representing the infan-
tile protection afforded, and goes to show that 90.2 of the infants available for
vaccination were duly protected as compared with 82.1 in the previous year.
Average number of vaccination and
deaths from small-pox during previous
five years.
10. The average number of persons successfully vaccinated during the
previous five years was 100,818, or 34.8 per
1,000 of population; while the deaths from
small-pox during the same period numbered
377, or 0.13 per 1,000.
In accordance with Government of India, Home Department, Circular
No. 3.Sanitary/96, dated 16th June 1893, the following comparative statement and
diagram are given :—
TABLE No. 3.—Showing efficacy of vaccination in diminishing small-pox mortality.
Years.
1868-69 ...
1869-70 ...
1870-71 ...
1871-72 ...
1872-73 ...
Mean ...
1873-74 ...
1874-75 ...
1875-76 ...
1876-77 ...
1877-78 ...
Mean ...
1878-79 ...
1879-80 ...
1880-81 ...
1881-82 ...
1882-83 ...
Mean ...
Ratio per
1,000 success-
fully vacci-
nated.
4.3
3.2
7.9
13.0
16.2
8.92
14.5
21.0
24.0
31.1
38.0
25.72
22.3
29.3
33.9
32.5
38.0
31.2
Death rate
per 1,000
from
small-pox.
1.9
3.6
.6
.2
3.8
2.02
3.8
.5
.4
.2
2.9
1.56
2.7
.03
.02
.08
.1
.58
Years.
1883-84 ...
1884-85 ...
1885-86 ...
1886-87 ...
1887-88 ...
Mean ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1890-91 ...
1891-92 ...
1892-93 ...
Mean ...
1893-94 ...
1894-95 ...
1895-96 ...
1896-97 ...
Ratio per
1,000 success-
fully vacci-
nated.
30.3
37.0
35.3
35.6
35.2
34.68
36.1
55.68
34.3
36.0
37.0
35.8
35.0
32.2
31.8
34.5
Death-rate
per 1,000
from
small-pox.
1.5
.2
.09
.04
.1
.38
.3
.7
.2
.01
.02
.2
.06
.3
.2
.2
( 4 )
Diagram showing the proportion of population protected during seven years ending 1896-97 and
the death-rate from small-pox per 10,000 of population during 1896.
Small-pox prevailed in every district of the province during the year.
Its distribution as compared with last year is shown below :—
Districts.
Amraoti
... ... ...
Ellichpur
...
...
...
Wun ... ... ...
Basim ... ... ...
Akola
...
...
...
Buldana ... ... ...
Deaths from small-pox.
1895.
86 27
26
226
187
105
1896.
415
93
115
12
171
4
From the above, it will be seen that the Buldana and Basim districts,
which recorded the highest mortality in 1895, have returned the lowest in 1896.
Owing to the unequal distribution of small-pox mortality, it is, as pointed out
in last year's report, misleading to compare the protection statistics for a series
of years with the mortality rate from small-pox for one year. I have therefore
given another diagram showing the average mortality and protection for the ten
years 1887-88 to 1896-97 inclusive.
( 5 )
Diagram showing the average proportion of population protected and the average death-rate
from small-pox per 10,000 of population during the ten years from 1887-88 to 1896-97.
This diagram shows that small-pox mortality is lowest in the best vacci-
nated district (Ellichpur), though the district with next lowest death-rate
from small-pox (Wun) shows lowest protection, whilst the other districts with
very similar protection show variable death-rates ranging from 3.1 per 10,000
in the Buldana district to 2.0 in Amraoti.
Municipalities.
11. During the year under report, the provisions of the Vaccination Act
were extended to the municipality of Karinja, so
the Act is now in force in all municipalities in
the province.
B-69—2
( 6 )
The following statement shows the progress of vaccination in each munici-
pality compared with the previous year :—
TABLE No. 4.—Comparing two years vaccination in municipalities.
Municipalities.
Amraoti City ...
Do Camp ...
Akola
...
Khamgaon ...
Shegaon
...
Akot
...
Basim
...
Buldana
Ellichpur City ...
Do
Civil
Station
...
Yeotmal
...
Karinja
...
Total ...
Total vaccinated.
1895-96.
1,597
177
777
471
553
1,238
373
218
764
515
455
...
7,138
1896-97.
1,870
384
1,738
781
533
1,313
908
556
1,032
486
434
684
10,719
Primary vac-
cination.
1895-96.
1,200
177
704
470
416
709
357
127
762
322
355
...
5,599
1896-97.
1,207
201
1,026
611
501
724
605
226
1,032
407
322
584
7,446
Re-vaccination.
1895-96.
397
...
73
1
137
529
16
91
2
193
100
...
1,539
1896-97.
663
183
712
170
32
589
303
330
...
79
112
100
3,273
Primary opera-
tions per 1,000 of
population.
1895-96.
41.4
37.5
32.7
30.2
36.4
44.3
27.1
39.1
24.8
335
54.9
...
35.8
1896-97.
41.7
42.7
47.7
39.1
43.8
45.2
48.8
69.8
38.7
42.3
49.8
40.4
43.5
Registered
birth-rate.
1895-96.
40.8
39.1
35.8
35.0
42.6
42.0
34.1
45.0
36.8
34.6
89.1
...
88.3
1896-97.
40.0
36.3
36.9
33.2
47.8
41.5
39.2
47.8
35.0
34.4
28.9
36.1
37.4
In the total of primary vaccination, there is an increase (excluding for com-
parison the figures for Karinja) of 1,263 and under re-vaccination of 1,634, or
a net increase of 2,897 operations over last year's figures.
The ratio of success obtained was 97.5 in primary and 16.7 in re-vaccina-
tion as against 97.6 and 18.7 respectively in 1895-96.
The increase was universal in almost all municipalities, and is most marked
at Akola and Basim. There was a slight decrease in Shegaon, Ellichpur Civil
Station, and Yeotmal.
In some towns re-vaccination require more attention—a point which will
be pressed upon the consideration of the Committees concerned.
It will be noticed that the proportion of primary operations per 1,000 of
population is in most instances more than registered birth-rate, an experi-
ence which would naturally follow the first extension of the Vaccination Act to
a town.
The Act has worked very satisfactorily in all municipal areas. Only 25
cases had to be sent up to the Magistrate for failure to comply with the notices
served by the Superintendent of Vaccination ; and these, with two exceptions,
ultimately allowed their children to be vaccinated. The two who refused
were prosecuted and fined under the Act.
Statement No. II—Cost of Depart-
ment.
12. The total cost of ,the department
amounted to Rs. 17,572-14-3 compared with
Rs. 17,723-14-6 in 1895-96.
The average cost of each successful case was 2 annas and 9 pie as against
3 annas and 1 pie in the previous year, and 3 annas in 1894-95.
The following table shows the cost of the department under the several heads
of expenditure compared with the previous year with notes explanatory of
increase and decrease :
—
( 13 )
DISPENSARY VACCINATION.
STATEMENT No. III.—Showing dispensary vaccination in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts during the year 1896-97.
Dispensary vaccination transferred to special establishment since July 1892. Hence this statement is blank.
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT No. IV.—Showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated, and the number of those persons who were sucessfully vaccinated in the
Hyderabad Assigned Districts in each of the undermentioned official year.
Establishments.
Government ... ... ...
Dispensary ... ... ...
Total ...
Persons primarily vaccinated.
Total No.
No. suc¬
cessfully
vaccinated
1885-86.
91,056
6,483
97,539
87,105
5,922
95,027
Total No.
No. suc-
cessfully
vaccinated.
1886-87.
86,898
7,226
94,124
83,554
6,672
90,226
Total No.
No. suc-
cessfully
vaccinated.
1887-88.
89,976
6,749
96,725
86,824
6,294
93,118
Total No.
No. suc-
cessfully
vaccinated.
1888-89.
92,498
8,727
101,225
89,173
8,339
97,512
Total. No.
No. suc-
cessfully
vaccinated.
1889-90.
88,974
7,771
96,745
84,209
7,442
91,651
Total No.
No. suc¬
cessfully
vaccinated.
1890-91.
89,473
8,178
97,651
85,119
7,576
92,695
Establishments.
Government ... ... ...
Dispensary ... ... ...
Total ...
Persons primarily vaccinated—contd.
Total No.
No. suc-
cessfully
vaccinated.
1891-92.
96,597
1,806
98,403
91,894
1,787
93,631
Total No.
No. suc-
cessfully
vaccinated.
1892-93.
101,774
...
101,774
96,306
...
96,306
Total No.
No. suc¬
cessfully
vaccinated.
1893-94.
97,786
...
97,786
92,954
...
92,954
Total No.
No. suc-
cessfully
vaccinated.
1894-95.
93,296
...
93,296
88,322
...
88,322
Total No.
No suc-
cessfully
vaccinated.
1895-96.
92,694
...
92,694
88,917
...
88,917
Total No.
No. suc-
cessfully
vaccinated.
1896-97.
98,594
...
98,594
95,529
...
95,529
B-69—4 —[R.R.]
( 14 )
STATEMENT No. V.—Showing particulars of Vaccination by Inspecting Officers for the year 1896-97.
Districts.
Amraoti ... ... ...
Ellichpur ... ... ...
Wun ... ... ...
Basim
...
...
...
Akola
...
...
...
Buldana ... ... ...
Total ...
Number of
persons
vaccinated.
21,754.
13,110
13,112
13,467
20,315
16,336
98,594
Total number inspected.
By Sanitary
Commis-
sioner.
212
327
17
97
775
150
1,578
By Native
Superintend-
ent
11,412
8,073
7,217
7,337
11,247
9,815
55,101
Percentage of inspection to
total number vaccinated.
By Sanitary
Commis-
sioner.
.97
2.4
.12
.72
3.8
.89
1.6
By Native
Superintend-
ent.
52.4
61.5
55.0
54.4
55.3
58.2
55.8
Percentage of cases found
successful of total number
inspected.
By Sanitary
Commis¬
sioner.
91.5
97.8
99.9
97.9
98.7
94.0
97.0
By Native
Superintend¬
ent.
95.4
95.3
94.0
96.5
95.9
94.2
95.2
Percentage
of success
reported by
vaccinator.
97.9
98.3
96.3
95.5
96.3
96.4
96.8
Remarks.
Extract from the Proceedings of the Resident at Hyderabad, No. 2070, dated
Hyderabad Residency, the 19th June 1897.
READ—
Notes on Vaccination in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts for the year 1896-97.
ORDER.
The Sanitary Commissioner's Notes on Vaccination in the Hyderabad
Assigned Districts during 1896-97 reached the Residency on the 4th May
1897, eleven days before they were due, and the Commissioner's remarks on the
3rd June 1897.
2. The number of vaccine operations rose from 106,605 in 1895-96 to
120,111 in 1896-97, showing an increase of 13,506 or 12.6 per cent. Of this
number 98,594 were primary vaccinations, in which the percentage of success
was 96.8, against 92,694 in the previous year with a percentage of success of
95.9. There was at the same time a satisfactory diminution of unsuccessful
operations from 2.1 in 1895-96 to 1.7 in 1896-97, and of unknown results from
2 to 1.3 per cent. The number of cases of re-vaccination rose from 13,911
to 21,717. The actual work performed by each vaccinator has therefore risen
from the comparatively low average of 2,423 in 1895-96 to 2,729 in 1896-97.
This result must be regarded as eminently satisfactory, and the Resident is
pleased to sanction the rewards recommended in paragraph 8 of the Notes to the
three vaccinators who did best.
3. The whole of the figures of the report show that there is not only no real
opposition to vaccination in Berar, but that it is highly popular. This is proba-
bly due to the excellent system of calf-to-arm vaccination described in detail in
paragraph 16 of Dr. Little's report Dr. Little's description shows how from
small beginnings in the year 1878, when animal vaccination was first tried for
the purpose of renewing the stock of lymph at the commencement of that sea-
son, a complete system has been built up, so that animal vaccination is now
universal throughout Berar to the entire exclusion of the old method from arm
to arm.
4. The introduction of this system was brought to the notice of the Govern-
ment of India, and by the Government of India to the notice of other Provinces
and Administrations in the correspondence ending with Home Department letter
No. 68, dated the 8th March 1882. Its development and popularity are due to
the tact and patience displayed throughout the last twenty years by Brigade-
Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Little and his staff, including First Class Superin-
tendent Ajaj Hussain, whose death is announced after nearly thirty years of
useful service, and the Resident reads with much interest the account given in
paragraph 16 of the methods employed to secure the excellent results that are
now reported. The fact that calf-to-arm vaccination is found to involve little
or no risk of the inflammation or suppuration which not infrequently followed
unskilful operations under the pre-existing arm-to-arm process is one of the
reasons why it is preferred by the people ; another is that it offends no caste
prejudices ; a third that it obviates the necessity of taking vaccinated children
from village to village. As to the proposed use of lanoline paste in munici-
palities, the Resident agrees with the Commissioner that the matter requires
B-69—[R.A.F.]
( 2 )
further consideration before a final decision is arrived at. In the Bombay Presi-
dency it is precisely in the larger towns that calf-to-arm vaccination seems to
work best. Dr. Little's plan of dividing every vaccination circle into a number
of sub-divisions, each of which is thoroughly vaccinated successively until the
whole circle is protected, is a most admirable one.
5. The efficiency of vaccination in preventing small-pox mortality is demon-
strated in table III, the mean death-rate from small-pox being .2 per mille.
The cost of every successful case fell from 3 annas and 1 pie in 1895-96 to
2 annas and 9 pie in 1896-97.
The percentage of inspections has risen from 53.8 to 57.4, which is consi-
dered satisfactory. The high percentage of successful cases seen by the Sanitary
Commissioner is explained by him in paragraph 15 of his Notes.
6. In conclusion, the Resident's thanks are due not only to Brigade-
Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Little and his staff for their sustained interest in
the work of vaccination, but to the officers and gentlemen named in paragraph
18 of the Notes. The report, though brief, is instructive, and the results reported
will, it is hoped, compare favourably with those of British India.
(By order.)
ARTHUR F. PINHEY,
Secretary for Berar.
NOTES
ON THE
ANNUAL RETURNS
OF
VACCINATION
IN THE
HYDERABAD ASSIGNED DISTRICTS
FOR THE YEAR
1897-98.
BY
BRIGADE-SURGEON-LIEUTENANT-COLONEL CHARLES COLHOUN LITTLE, M.D.,
SANITARY COMMISSIONER, HYDERABAD ASSIGNED DISTRICTS.
HYDERABAD:
PRINTED AT THE RESIDENCY GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1898.
Price 8 annas per copy.
NOTES
ON THE
ANNUAL RETURNS
OF
VACCINATION
IN THE
HYDERABAD ASSIGNED DISTRICTS
FOR THE YEAR
1897-98.
BY
BRIGADE-SURGEON-LIEUTENANT-COLONEL CHARLES COLHOUN LITTLE, M.D.,
SANITARY COMMISSIONER, HYDERABAD ASSIGNED DISTRICTS.
HYDERABAD:
PRINTED AT THE RESIDENCY GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1898.
CAMP No. 112.
FROM
J. A. CRAWFORD, ESQ.,
OFFICIATING COMMISSIONER,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts,
To
THE SECRETARY FOR BERAR TO THE RESIDENT,
Hyderabad.
Dated Chikalda, the 14th June 1898.
SIR,
I have the honour to submit the Sanitary Commissioner's Notes on Vac¬
cination in Berar during the year 1897-98, which reached me in print on the
11th instant.
2. The copy before me shows two mistakes in table 1 of paragraph 4. The
total for Wun in 1896-97 should be 15,484 (13,112+2,372) instead of 15,284,
and the total for the province in that year should be 120,311 (98,594+21,717)
instead of 120,111. Thus last year's number of operations exceeded the total
of the year before by 4,978. In primary vaccination there was a decrease of
3,546. This is attributed to the very high mortality amongst children in a
year of scarcity and distress. The distribution of the decrease over districts is
shown below:—
District.
Amraoti ... ... ... ...
Ellichpur ... ... ... ...
Wun ... ... ... ...
Basim ... ... ... ...
Akola
...
...
...
...
Buldana ... ... ... ...
Total ...
1896-97.
21,754
13,110
13,112
13,467
20,315
16,886
98,594
1897-98.
19,754
11,852
15,589
13,561
19,498
14,794
95,048
Difference.
- 2,000
- 1,258
+ 2,477
+
94
-
817
- 2,042
+ 3,546
If Wun and Basim are omitted, the other districts show a decrease of 6,117;
and it is much larger in Buldana and Amraoti than in Akola. On the other
hand, re-vaccinations show an increase of 8,524, which is distributed over dis-
tricts as follows:—
District.
Amraoti ... ... ... ...
Ellichpur ... ... ... ...
Wun
...
...
...
...
Basim
...
...
...
...
Akola
...
...
...
Buldana ... ... ...
Total ...
1896-97.
6,329
2,295
2,372
1,856
5,323
3,542
21,717
1897-98.
6,764
8,911
4,868
3,634
5,063
6,001
30,241
Difference.
+ 435
+ 1,616
+ 2,496
+ 1,778
-
260
+ 2,459
+ 8,524
B-117—[G.C.F.]
( 2 )
Buldana has a large increase to contrast with its large decrease in primary
vaccinations, and the same may be said of Ellichpur. Wun has under both
heads an aggregate increase of 4,973, not 5,173 as stated in paragraph 4 of
the Notes. This is certainly very creditable to the district staff if it at all
represents genuine work. It is probably easier with children at any rate to show
a large outturn in re-vaccination than in primary operations. I believe that
in some provinces there are orders against re-vaccinating children within a
certain period. During the last three years re-vaccinations have risen from
13,911 to 30,241. The total used to be higher, but in 1894 the Government
of India apparently issued orders restricting re-vaccination.
3. On the average there were 44 vaccinators employed during the year,
and each did 2,847 operations, 2,160 being primary and 687 re-vaccinations.
The outturn was over 2,900 in Buldana, Amraoti, and Wun, and the percent-
age of successful primary cases was best in those districts. Amraoti comes
first with 98.3, and the provincial percentage was 96.4. The Sanitary Com-
missioner is doubtless right in suspecting the high percentages of re-vaccina¬
tions reported as "successful" in Ellichpur and Buldana. The percentage of
inspections by Superintendents fell from 55.8 to 53.1. This is attributed to a
year of distress; and, as the Sanitary Commissioner observes, even the lower
figure is in advance of several other provinces.
4. The work done in Municipalities, all of which are under the compul-
sory Act, may conveniently receive separate notice from the Sanitary Com-
missioner as in paragraph 11 of the Notes for 1896-97.
5. There is a long list of those who gave valuable assistance to the Vacci-
nation Department and a short list of three obstructive patels, who have no
doubt been reported to the Deputy Commissioner of Akola. Three vaccina-
tors are recommended for the usual reward.
6. Brigade-Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Little can look back upon re-
markable progress in vaccination during his long tenure of office in Berar.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
J. A. CRAWFORD,
Officiating Commissioner,
Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Submission of annual vaccination statements ...
...
...
...
Strength of department
...
...
...
...
...
Lymph supply
...
...
...
...
...
...
Season's work
...
...
...
...
...
...
Primary vaccination ...
...
...
...
...
...
Re-vaccination
...
...
...
...
...
...
Age of those vaccinated
...
...
...
...
...
Cost of vaccination ...
...
...
...
...
...
Death-rate from small-pox
...
...
...
...
Inspections
...
...
...
...
...
...
Officers and village officials who have rendered assistance in vaccination
Village officials who failed to render assistance in vaccination
...
...
Vaccinators who performed the best work
...
... ... ...
Para.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 & 10
11
12
13
14
B-117—[G.C.F.]
No. 22 OF 1898.
FROM
BRIGADE-SURGEON-LIEUT.-COL. CHARLES COLHOUN LITTLE, M.D.,
Sanitary Commissioner, &c., Hyderabad Assigned Districts,
To
J. A. CRAWFORD, ESQ. I.C.S.,
Officiating Commissioner, Hyderabad Assigned Districts,
Dated Amraoti, the 12th May 1898.
SIR,
I have the honour to submit the annual vaccination statements for the
year 1897-98 with the following explanatory notes thereon.
Strength of department.
2. The strength of the department remained
the same as in previous years, and worked up to
its full complement.
Lymph supply.
3. The year's work was started on the 27th September with a supply of
lanolinated lymph obtained from Mysore, and
afterwards kept up by calf-to-calf or arm-to-calf
vaccination as described in last year's report.
Season's work.
4. The total number of operations perform-
ed amounted to 125,289, or an increase of 5,178
over last year's figures.
The figures for the two years are given below for each district—
TABLE 1.
District.
Amraoti ... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun ... ...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
1896-97.
28,083
15,405
15,284
15,323
25,638
20,378
120,111
1897-98.
26,518
15,763
20,457
17,195
24,561
20,795
125,289
Each vaccinator performed on an average 2,847 operations as against 2,729
in the year preceding.
B-117—[G.C.F.]
( 3 )
Death-rate from small-pox.
9. The following prescribed diagram illustrates the death-rate from small-
pox in each district as compared with the pro-
portion of population protected by vaccination :—
Diagram showing the proportion of population protected during seven years ending 1897-98
and the death-rate from small-pox per 10,000 of population during 1897.
The total number of deaths from small-pox during the year was 617, giving
a ratio of .21 per 1,000 of the population against 810 and a ratio of .27 in 1896-97.