NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
178
Genital Abnormalities of Indian Cow and Buffalo
for many of the findings reported in Section I,
and the latter did much of the work on animals
at Lahore. The writer is grateful to Mr J. F.
Shirlaw for encouragement and help in arranging
facilities. The systematic survey reported in Sec-
tion II was initiated by Dr F. C. Minett, to whom
I am also indebted for arranging and correcting
this paper.
REFERENCES
Minett, F. C. (1934). Rep. XII Int. vet. Congr. Now York
2, 511
-(1937).
J. comp. Path. 50, 101
SOME GENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE INDIAN COW AND BUFFALO
WITH REFERENCE TO ANATOMICAL DIFFERENCES IN THEIR
REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS
By J. B. POLDING, Imperial Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, and H. K. LALL, Government
Cattle Farm, Hissar
(Received for publication on 30 April 1945)
(With Plates VI-XI)
THIS work was commenced as part of a general
investigation of sterility of cows and buffaloes, but
it soon became clear that the present knowledge
of the buffalo's genitalia is very slight indeed. Con-
sequently, a short immediate contribution towards
a better knowledge of this subject was deemed
desirable.
I. COMPARATIVE GENITAL ANATOMY
Uterus. Plate VI depicts the uterus and adjacent
organs of the cow and buffalo. As the average
Punjab buffalo (Murrah type) is larger than the
Punjab cow (Sahiwal type), so is the former's uterus
generally larger than the latter's. Table I gi ves
some comparative mean measurement of these organs
The organs also differ considerably in their coloum
and texture. The uterus of the zebu is cream-
coloured and faintly tinged with pink, in the young
animal and in the older, yellower like old ivory.
The buffalo's uterus is whiter, and is stippled with
TABLE I
Some comparative measurements of the genitalia of the cow and buffalo*
Part
A. Ulerus
Length of horn (greatest curvature)
Length from internal os to division of horns .
Girth at fundus
Width at fundus
B. Fallopian tubes
Length
.
.
...
Breadth
C. Otary
Right
Length
.
Breadth
Left
Length
.......
Breadth ......
COW
Means and their
standard errors
18.17 ± 1.49 (18)
10.94 ± 0.59 (25)
7.69 ± 0.46 (8)
3.71 ± 0.16 (8)
16.60 ± 0.73 (16)
0.41 ± 0.04 (16)
26.37 ± 1.30 (19)
18.32 ± 1.08 (19)
25.20 ± 1.11 (19)
16.84 ± 0.86 (19)
Standard
deviations
6.14
2.44
1.31
0.40
2.84
0.14
..
..
..
..
Coefficient
of varia-
bility
per cent
33.24
22.30
17.04
12.40
17.11
34.87
..
..
...
..
BUFFALO
Means and their
standard errors
28.48 ± 1.05 (47)
12.15 ± 0.50 (05)
0.31 ± 0.31 (18)
4.50 ± 0.16 (18)
20.34 ± 0.98 (18)
0.54 ± 0.03 (18)
23.02 ± 0.59 (60)
17.07 ± 0.56 (60)
22.33 ± 0.45 (59)
15.84 ± 0.49 (59)
Standard
deviations
7.23
3.36
1.30
0.69
4.16
0.11
..
..
...
..
Coefficient
of varia-
bility
per cent
25.38
27.65
13.96
15.33
20.45
20.30
..
..
..
..
*A and B were ineasured in centimeters and C in millimeters. Figures in brackets indicate the number of observations.
Indian J vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part III
PLATE VI
FIG. 1. Uterus of a cow
FIG. 2. Uterus of a buffalo
PLATE VII
[Indian. J. vet Sci., Vol. 15, Part III
FIG. 1
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
FIG. 5
FIG. 6
FIG. 7
FIG. 1-7. Various stages of corpora lutea of cow
Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part III]
PLATE VIII
FIG. 1
FIG. 2
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
FIG. 5
FIG. 6
FIG. 7
FIG. 8
FIG. 9
FIGS. 1-9. Various stages of corpora lutea of a buffalo
PLATE IX
[Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part III
FIG. 1. Cervicitis (acute)
FIG. 2. Cervicitis (sub-acute).
Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part III
PLATE X
FIG. 1.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 3.
FIGS. 1—3. Pneumosalpinx
PLATE XI
[Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part III
FIG. 1. Thin-walled luteal body
FIG. 2. Cystic degeneration of ovary
FIG. 3. A, B and C. Dermoids
FIG. 4. A, B and C. Cystic corpora lutea
M.
VAUGH
193
an average taken for each pair with each yoke
calculated. Table I gives these averages of
tests with each yoke and each pair.
While the yokes are classifiable into definitely
different groups, the difference as shown by these
tests is not large. The second group gave pulls
averaging about 98 per cent as great as the average
pull of the first group or 97 per cent of the pull given
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ABOVE RESULTS
TABLE II
Analysis of variance for the double yokes
Due to
Blocks
kes .
eraction
sidue
Totals
D.f.
4
16
64
1190
1274
S.S.
2,674,114.2
1,669,996.2
1,030,531.2
1,546,247.2
6,950,888.8
M.S.
668,528.5
106,249.8
16,102.1
1,299.4
F by
calculation
41.31
6.59
12.31
F from table
5%
2.52
1.81
1.26
1%
3.65
2.32
1.38
Level
of
significance
1%
1%
1%
Grouping of yokes
I
,1, 11, 4,
III
6, 8, 15, 2, 14,
II
9, 13, 10,
IV
V
12, 16, 7,
VI
VII
17,
VIII
5
the best yoke, No. 3. The other groups gave
ils 96 per cent, 95 per cent, 89 per cent and 82.5
cent as large as the average of the best group.
ese relations should be understood to hold only for
conditions under which the tests were made.
i s probable that some yokes, particularly No. 16,
uld show up worse under actual working condi-
ns of long continued work than it did under the
part time tests actually made.
Table III gives comparative measurements of
a different yokes, and Figures 1 and 2 show the
difference in designs of the yokes. Table III also
indicates the area from which each yoke design came.
1 is the ordinary 'Nagpur' yoke in use at the
stitute for several years and originally modified
m a yoke brought to the Institute from Nagpur,
P. Nos. 13 and 14 are modifications of the same
ke in an attempt to get smaller and larger areas of
ntact between neck and yoke. No. 5 was made
the design of Mushtaq Ahmed as an 'improved'
ke No. 17 was modification of the 'improved'
ke to Madras design.
These measurements do not give any very clear
clue to why one yoke is better or worse than another.
The two worst yokes according to these tests showed
the largest and the smallest areas in contact with the
neck. The measurement of the area in contact with
the neck was perhaps the least satisfactory measure-
ment made. Various methods were tried and none
was found very satisfactory. The method finally
adopted was to smear the yoke with lamp black
mixed with oil; then the yoke was carefully placed
on the neck and pressed firmly down and back to get
an impression. The yoke was then removed and
placed on the ground, and a soft copper wire was
bent to fit the shape of the impression. The wire
shape was then carefully transferred to a sheet of
graph paper and the area carefully determined by
counting the squares. The areas so determined are
only approximate. There is some reason to believe
that the area recorded for No. 5 is high, but this did
not invalidate the results as will be shown later. The
weight of the yoke also does not appear to be a factor,
at least within the limits of the weights of the yokes
194
Methods of Yoking Bullocks
tested. The best group included the heaviest and
some of the lighter yokes while the lightest yoke is
near the bottom of the list. If anything, the evidence
would be in favour of a heavy yoke. No other factor
stands out as definitely explaining the superiority
of one yoke over another.
FIG. Sketches of yokes
M.
VAUGH
195
FIG. 2. Sketches of yokes
TESTS OF SINGLE BULLOCK HITCHES
After completing the tests of yokes for pairs, it
seemed desirable to investigate the usefulness of
single animal hitches. In the replies from the
Directors of Agriculture, Gwalior and Bombay had
described essentially the same single bullock yoke of
wood. Charley's leather harness had come to atten-
tion otherwise. In anticipation of these tests, an
American horse collar had been imported and a
similar collar had been made locally. A hitch known
as a 'birh' is in common use in the area of Allahabad
for hitching a single bullock in front of a cart when
three animals are required, or for drawing a hand
cart when only one animal is used. The imported
collar was found to be too big for use on the animals
available for tests and so was discarded. In studying
the results of the tests for yokes for pairs, it appeared
that probably the poor results from the tests of yoke
No. 5 was due to the fact that it fixed the distance
between the bullocks quite rigidly, allowing them
very little freedom of individual movement and that
196
Methods of Yoking Bulloch
TABLE III
Details of yokes construction
Yoke
No.
No. 1
No, 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
No. 8
No. 9
No. 10
No. 11
No. 12
No. 13
Province
where yoke
is used
U. P.
Assam
C. P..
Punjab
Punjab
Punjab
Kashmere .
C. P. East
Circle
Punjab
Bihar
C. P.
Punjab
Country type
U. P.
Weight
of yoke
in lb.
26
with
Pipe
27
24
30
30
26
16
25
22
28
35
20
18
with
pipe
Average
pull
in lb.
872
851
880
869
721
862
826
853
842
836
870
834
839
Wood
used in
making
yoke
Babul .
Sakhu .
Sakhu .
Sakhu .
Babul
Babul .
Sakhu .
Babul .
Sal
Sal
Sal
Sal .
Babul .
Length
of yoke in
ft. and in.
4.5
4.6½
4.6
5.0
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.6½
4.9
6.3
4.4
4.9½
4.3
Width
of yoke at
neck
position—
in.
7
7
4¼
5
5
4½
4½
4
6
6¾
7½
6½
4½
Length
of yoke at
neck
position—
in.
16
12
11
11
9
13
12
13
9½
17
14½
9
12
Thickness
of yoke at
neck
position—
in.
1½
3½
3
3
3
5
2½
13
2½
3
3
3
2½
Depth of
curve of
yoke at
neck posi-
tion—in.
H = 2¾"
V = nil
H = nil
V = ¼"
H = 2¼"
V = 2"
H = nil
V. = nil
H = nil
V = 8¾"
H = nil
V = 1¾"
H = nil
V = nil
H = nil
V = nil
H = nil
V = nil
H=nil
V = nil
H = 1.1/8
V = 1.5/8"
H = nil
V = nil
H = 1¾"
V = 1½"
Average
area of
contact
between
yoke and
neck—sq.
in.
(10
bullocks),
52.138
42.965
42.58
40.455
60.112
41.166
37.554
38.59
39.215
46.885
56.626
40.261
40.01
198
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
seemed to be that it did not come down to the shoulder
and was narrow at the top.
CONCLUSIONS
1. Yokes of the general type represented by types
1, 3, 4, 11 are definitely better than some others,
especially types 12, 16, 7, 17, 5.
2. Yokes which definitely restrict side movement
of the bullocks are undesirable.
3. Except for the restraint of side movement, no
very clearly defined reason for the superiority of one
yoke over another has appeared from these studies.
4. The training and control of the bullocks very
greatly affect the results.
TABLE IV
Data of tests of single bullocks hitches
Bullocks
Team No.
34
35
15
24
14
Average
for
yokes
Pull in pounds with each yoke
(Average of 30 observations)
Weight
in
pounds
760
820
910
826
780
Birh
611
464
651
617
618
592
American
modified
589
438
631
570
591
564
Punjab
579
467
609
570
618
569
Madras
harness
485
418
510
519
574
501
Gwalior
yoke
456
445
523
491
529
489
Average
for
bullocks
544
446
585
553
586
PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN MILK AND
FEEDS OF SAHIWAL COWS
By S. V. DESAI and M. L. MATHUR, Imperial Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi
(Received for publication on 2 September 1944)
(With 12 text-figures)
HART et al. [1908] observed that when calcium
and phosphorus were deficient in quantity in food,
the skeletal tissues appeared to be the ready source
of supply for milk secreted and there was consider-
able output of these elements from the gut. If
conditions of negative balances continued for a long
time a slow shrinkage in milk flow results, but there
was no physiological disturbance. In their later
observations [1920], they reported a serious effect
on reproduction. Even though Forbes et al. [1916-18]
in their experiments provided for an ample intake
of calcium and phosphorus in rich diet containing
200
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
The calcium and phosphorus contents of the cowpeas and jowar mixed fodder and grass determined
at different periods were found to be as shown in Table V.
TABLE I
Names and particulars of cows under experiment
1st Calver
High milkers.
Felbir
.
.
.
.
Nashurki . . .
Tashkam . . . .
Low milkers
Taroochi . . .
Folgai . . . .
Tambutia . . .
Lereng .
.
.
.
Lakhrami . . .
2nd Calver
Narajkhati . .
Enarji . . .
Sakila .
.
.
.
Lanchasari . . .
Lakhroochi . . .
Sarajan . . .
Lakhrajan . . .
Rajudhina . . .
....
....
....
Adult
....
Narbila . . .
Raj Khati . . .
Lakholmi . . .
....
Rajsam . . .
....
....
Rajrama . . .
Choreng . . .
Raj Lari . . .
Raj Suri . . .
Period of lactation
From precalving onwards
First 100 days
....
Second 100 days
Second 100 days
Third 100 days
TABLE II
Amount of concentrates given to cows in lb. per head per day
Names of cows
High milkers
Felbir . . .
Narajkhati . .
Nashurki . .
Tashkam . .
Enarji . . .
Sakila . . .
Low milkers
Rajsuri . . .
Rajrama . .
Choreng . .
Rajudhina . .
Rajlari . . .
26-31
July
7
5
15
16
17
15
6
9
7
3
3
1-10
August
9
7
15
16
17
15
6
8
7
2
3
11-20
August
11
13
15
15
17
15
6
7
6
2
3
21-22
August
12
14
15
15
16
15
5
6
6
2
2
Names of cows
Low milkers—contd.
Sarajan . . .
Lanchasari . .
Lakhroochi . .
Narbilla . . .
Rajkhati . . .
Lakholmi . . .
Rajsam . . .
Lakhrajan . .
Tambutia . .
Lereng . . .
Lakrami . . .
Taroochi . . .
Folgai . .
26-31
July
10
14
15
17
17
16
15
11
6
5
7
12
12
1-10
August
10
14
14
17
16
14
15
11
6
5
7
11
11
11-20
August
9
14
13
16
16
15
15
9
5
5
6
11
11
21-22
Angust
8
14
13
16
16
15
15
9
5
5
5
11
10
S. V. DESAI AND M. L.
MATHUR
201
The composition of the concentrate rations was as given in Table III.
TABLE III
Composition of the concentrate rations
26 July to 4 August
Oats . . . . .
Chuni (mixture of pulses)
Wheat bran
.
.
Cotton seed meal
.
35 per cent
. 30 „ „
. 15 „ „
. 20 „
„
100
5 to 20 August
Oats
.
.
.
.
Chuni (mixture of pulses)
Wheat bran .
.
.
Linseed cake .
.
.
45 per cent
35 „ „
15 „
„
5 „
„
100
21 to 22 August
Oats
.
.
.
.
Chuni (mixture of pulses)
Wheat bran .
.
.
Groundnut cake
.
.
Linseed cake .
.
.
Cotton seed meal .
.
35 per cent
25 „
„
15 „ „
15 „
„
5 „
„
5 „
„
100
TABLE IV
Calcium and phosphorus content of the grains, oil cakes, berseem hay, and bhusa
—
Oats
Gram
.
.
.
.
.
Cowpeas .
.
.
.
.
Arhar
Guar .
.
.
.
.
.
Cotton seed meal
CaO
per cent
0.106
0.278
0.112
0.134
0.286
0.325
P 2 O 5
per cent
0.284
0.642
0.754
0.381
0.920
1.136
—
Wheat bran
.
.
.
.
.
Linseed cake .
.
.
.
.
Mustard cake .
Groundnut cake
.
.
.
.
Linseed .
.
.
.
.
.
Berseem hay .
.
.
.
.
Bhusa .
.
.
.
. .
CaO
per cent
0.213
0.600
1.137
0.134
0.327
3.112
0.685
P 2 O 5
per cent
2.112
0.744
1.454
2.440
0.795
0.183
0.094
TABLE V
Calcium and phosphorus contents of cowpeas and jowar mixed fodder and grass
Period
26 July to 4 August
4 to 14 August .
15 to 22 August
Cowpeas and jowar
mixed
CaO
per cent
0.264
0.271
0.268
P 2 O 5
per cent
0.109
0.116
0.112
Grass
CaO
per cent
0.193
0.200
0.196
P 2 O 5
per cent
0.183
0.202
0.191
202
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
FIG. 1. Filbir—First calver and high yielder ; milk yield, etc. from premilk onwards
S. V. DESAI AND M. L.
MATHUR
203
FIG. 2. Narajkati—Second calver and high yielder ; milk yield, etc. from premilk onwards
204
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
FIG. 3. Nasurki—First calver and high yielder ; milk yield, etc. in the first 100 days of lactation
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
205
FIG. 4. Tashkam—Second calver and high yielder ; milk yield, etc. in the first 100 days of lactation
E
206
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
The day-to-day analytical data of some represen-
tative cows, as they are classified in Table I. are
shown in Figs. 1-12.
DISCUSSION
Premilkers. In the case of 'Felbir' (first calver),
the percentage of calcium was low in the premilk
and it tended to increase up to the time of calving.
The tendency to increase continued for about a
week after calving and then it remained constant.
On the other hand, the percentage of phosphorus
was very high in the premilk and the tendency
was to fall immediately after calving ; the decrease
continued for about a week or two and then it tended
to remain stable. The percentage of calcium in-
creased from 0.165 to 0.187 in four weeks time
whereas the percentage of phosphorus fell from
0.33 to 0.225. The ratio in the premilk was as
high as 1 : 2.0 ; when the percentage of calcium
and phosphorus tended to remain constant after
calving, the ratio was 1 : 1.2. The yield of premilk
was from 4.5 to 16 pounds per day.
In case of second calver, 'Narajkhati', the exami-
nation of milk was started from the very first day of
taking out the premilk. In the beginning the
yield was half a pound only, but later rose to 8
pounds per day before calving. The percentage of
calcium was very low in the beginning and tended
to increase as the time of calving approached ; it
continued to increase gradually for a week or two
and tended to remain constant. On the other hand
the percentage of phosphorus was high in the begin-
ning, increased and reached the highest two days
before calving and then decreased. The decrease
continued for about two weeks and then a tendency
towards stability appeared. The percentage of cal-
cium increased from 0.054 to 0.191 in four weeks;
whereas the percentage of phosphorus rose from
0.186 to 0.321 before calving, then falling gradually
reached 0.225. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus
TABLE VI
Comparative figures for calcium and phosphorus ratio amongst first calvers
Names of cows
Nashurki
Tashkam .
.
.
.
.
Taroochi
Folgai
Lereng
.
.
.
.
.
Tambutia
Lakram
Average
milk
yield
per day
in lb.
25
31
22
22
14
12
10
CaO per-
centage
in milk
0.162
0.144
0.174
0.174
0.161
0.167
0.176
P 2 O 5 per-
centage
in milk
0.228
0.189
0.237
0.237
0.234
0.216
0.240
Ratio
CaO :
P 2 O 5
1 : 1.40
1 : 1.32
1 : 1.37
1 : 1.37
1 : 1.45
1 : 1.28
1 : 1.36
Stage of lactation
1st 100 days
2nd 100 days
3rd 100 days
TABLE VII
Comparative figures for calcium and phosphorus ratio amongst second calvers
Names of cows
Enarji
.
.
.
.
.
Sakila
Lancbesari
Lakhroochi
.
.
.
.
Lakhrajan
Sarajan
Rajdhuina
Average
yield
of milk
per day
in lb.
38
28
28
26
22
14
9
CaO per-
centage
in milk
0.149
0.152
0.159
0.172
0.172
0.152
0.181
P 2 O 5 , per-
centage
in milk
0.234
0.198
0.234
0.231
0.228
0.210
0.255
Ratio
CaO :
P 2 O 5
1 : 1.58
1 : 1.28
1 : 1.4
1 : 1.34
1 : 1.31
1 : 1.38
1 : 1.4
Stage of lactation
1st 100 days
2nd 100 days
S. V. DESAI AND M. L.
MATHUR
207
FIG. 5. Enarji—Second calver and high yielder; milk yield, etc. in the first 100 days of lactation
E 2
208
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
FIG. 6. Lakhroochi—Second calver and high yielder; milk yield, etc. in the second 100 days of lactation
210
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
FIG 7. Rajkhati—Adult and high yielder, milk yield, etc. in the first 100 days of lactation
S. V. DESAI AND M. L.
MATHUR
211
FIG. 8. Rajsam—Adult and low yielder, milk yield, etc. in the second 100 days of lactation
212
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
TABLE IX
Comparative data of two cows' milk in different periods of milk yield
Names of cows
Lakhroochi ..
Rajsam .
Time
8th week
24th to 28th week
8th week
24th to 28th week
Average
yield
of milk
per day
in lb.
38
26
44
28
Average
CaO per-
centage
in milk
0.158
0.172
0.153
0.167
Average
total
CaO
in milk
per day
in gm.
27
21
31
21
Average
P 2 O 5
percent-
age
0.209
0.231
0.193
0.213
Average
total
P 2 O 5
in milk
per day
in gm.
36
28
39
27
Ratio
CaO :
P 2 O 5
1 : 1. 31
1 : 1. 34
1 : 1. 26
1 : 1. 27
TABLE X
Comparison of the milk yields of American and Indian cows and the percentages of calcium and phosphorus
in their milk
Breeds
High milkers
Holstein
....
Holstein
....
Sahiwal
....
Low milkers
Jersey
....
Holstein
....
Sahiwal
....
Yield in lb.
35-48
50-58
35-45
18-22
23-32
21-22
CaO percentage
0.179—0.200
0.165—0.197
0.152—0.167
0.164—0.184
0.186—0.209
0.172—0.174
P 2 O 5 percentage
0.201—0.204
0.196—0.210
0.174—0.237
0.202—0.210
0.214—0.258
0.218—0.237
In the balance experiments of Hart et al. [1922]
in the case of animal No. 2 with an average daily
yield of 41 pounds, the average of CaO in the fæces
and urine was 70.77 per cent and that of P 2 O 5 was
66.5 per cent, of the total amount of intake. In
all cases they found that the balances were just
positive. This showed that for 29 gm. of CaO in
milk, 100 gm. of CaO should be given in the feed to
keep the balance just positive while for 33 gm. of
P 2 O 5 in the milk 100 gm. should be given in the
feed. When our data are used for calculations on
similar lines, positive calcium balances are found in
all the cases, phosphorus balances positive in most,
but negative in some cases, specially in the case of
high-milking cows.
Table XI shows the total intake of calcium
and phosphorus in the feed and the average per-
centage of calcium and phosphorus excreted in the
milk from the total intake during the different
periods.
S. V. DESAI AND M. L.
MATHUR
213
FIG. 9. Taroochin—First calver and low yielder; milk yield, etc. in the second 100 days of lactation
F
214
Calcium and Phosphorus in Milk and Feeds
FIG. 10. Tambutia—First calver and low yielder; milk yield, etc. in the third 100 days of lactation
S. V. DESAI AND M. L.
MATHUR
215
TABLE XI
Total intake of CaO and P 2 O 5 in feeds and the percentage excreted in milk
Names of cows
High milkers
1. Felbir . . . .
2. Narajkhati . . .
3. Nashurki . . .
4. Tashkam . . .
5.
Enarji . . .
6. Sakila . . . .
7.
Lanchasari . . .
8. Lakhroochi . . .
9. Narbila . . .
10. Rajkhati . . .
11. Lokholmi . . .
12. Rajsam . . .
Low milkers
13. Rajsuri . . .
14.
Rajrama . . .
15. Choreng . . .
16. Rajudhina . . .
17.
Rajlari . . .
18. Sarajan . . .
19. Lakhrajan . . .
20.
Tambutia . . .
2l. Lerang . . .
22.
Lakrami . . .
23.
Taroochi . . .
24. Folgal . . . .
26th to 31st July
Intake
of
CaO
in
feed
99.57
97.73
105.69
105.87
105.73
105.69
104.03
104.95
107.53
107.53
106.61
104.95
96.65
99.42
97.57
93.88
93.88
100.34
101.26
96.65
95.73
97.57
102.18
102.18
Average
percent-
age of
CaO
excret-
ed in
milk
from
the
total
intake
6.81
.3
18.8
19.7
25.42
17.43
20.44
19.44
26.66
25.0
22.42
22.24
9.95
12.09
13.7
7.75
6.82
11.79
18.63
10.5
11.39
9.33
16.70
17.30
Intake
of
P 2 O 5
in
feed
57.3
49.52
90.26
92.35
98.05
90.26
84.56
88.46
98.05
98.05
94.16
88.46
53.41
65.09
57.3
41.73
41.73
68.99
72.88
53.41
49.52
57.3
76.77
76.77
Average
percent-
age of
P 2 O 5
excret-
ed in
milk
from
the
total
intake
18.6
1.55
31.16
30.8
44.67
22.29
37.14
31.34
36.18
29.54
30.91
34.02
25.26
26.6
34.06
24.55
22.72
22.97
34.07
24.88
32.79
22.2
30.63
31.61
1st to 4th August
Intake
of
CaO
in
feed
106.58
104.78
110.85
111.03
112.7
110.85
109.19
109.19
112.7
111.77
109.93
110.11
101.81
103.66
102.73
98.12
99.05
105.5
106.42
101.81
100.89
102.73
106.42
106.42
Average
percent-
age of
CaO
excret-
ed in
milk
from
the
total
intake
9.59
2.23
18.9
18.28
24.1
18.37
19.4
19.98
26.79
24.65
23.73
20.41
9.38
11.15
13.04
5.88
6.54
10.34
15.02
9.21
10.61
8.71
16.05
16.79
Intake
of
P 2 O 5
in
feed
71.7
63.91
96.87
98.95
104.65
96.87
91.17
97.17
104.65
100.76
92.97
95.06
60.01
67.8
63.9
44.44
48.33
75.59
79.48
60.01
56.12
53.9
79.48
79.48
Average
percent.
age
of
P 2 O 5
excret-
ed in
milk
from
the
total
intake
25.2
7.9
30.0
30.0
40.95
27.72
34.16
29.62
35.18
30.62
32.67
29.67
81.81
25.28
30.44
17.76
21.45
19.67
26.78
20.36
28.45
19.42
29.48
31.18
5th to 10th August
Intake
of
CaO
in
feed
107.34
106.61
113.26
113.38
114.99
113.26
111.66
111.66
114.99
114.13
112.4
112.52
104.74
106.47
100.44
101.29
102.15
108.2
109.06
104.74
103.88
100.45
109.06
109.06
Average
percent-
age of
CaO
excret-
ed in
milk
from
the
total
intake
16.66
15.0
14.9
18.1
18.33
17.93
25.18
18.82
28.41
23.3
28.62
19.61
8.85
10.2
12.22
6.44
5.32
9.58
15.45
8.97
10.0
9.54
15.18
16.23
Intake
of
P 2 O 5
in
feed
68.7
62.15
90.13
91.59
96.67
90.13
85.05
85.05
96.67
93.4
86.86
88.32
58.88
65.48
55.56
45.8
49.07
71.97
75.24
58.88
61.61
55.55
75.24
75.24
Average
percent.
age of
P 2 O 5
excret-
ed in
milk
from
the
total
intake
39.05
44.68
26.44
80.0
43.0
29.43
32.39
33.7
33.45
31.13
35.23
31.9
20.63
23.83
32.15
20.29
15.72
20.67
29.77
20.88
27.64
28.24
30.1
32.1
The italicized figures show negative balances.
F—2