NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
85
APPENDIX III—continued.
No.
1
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
73.
72
73
74
75
Towns.
2
Mhasvad ...
Málcolmpeth ...
Sátára Suburban ...
Panchgani ...
Vengurla ...
Rájapur ...
Ratnágìri ...
Chiplun ...
Malwan ...
Belgaum (including
Cantonment).
Nipáni ...
Athani ...
Gokák ...
Saundatti ...
Dhárwár ...
Hubli ...
Gadag-Bettigeri ...
Navalgund ...
Nargund ...
Ranebennur ...
Byádgi ...
Gudguddapur
Háveri ...
Shiddedevapur ...
Bijápur ...
Bágalkot ...
Number
of Births
during the
year.
3
295
74
39
12
710
197
372
292
592
1,038
405
450
406
271
846
1,875
1,318
173
224
572
211
39
202
30
1,087
735
Number of
Deaths
amongst
children
under one
year during
the year
1923.
4
60
18
5
2
100
17
20
28
67
97
41
37
57
24
80
241
237
18
18
90
37
5
27
2
124
134
Number of
successful
vaccinations
on children
under one
year during
the year,
ending March
1924.
5
64
74
39
14
120
86
191
224
297
1,357
272
348
287
164
846
2,103
1,131
137
64
301
101
28
189
757
431
Date of
extension of
Vaccination
Act to Town.
6
Nil.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
86
APPENDIX III—continued.
No.
1
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Towns.
2
Guledgudda ...
Ilkal ...
Kárwár ...
Kumta ...
Honáwar ...
Bhatkal ...
Sirsi
...
Halyál
...
Gokarn ...
Ulvi ...
Surat ...
Ránder ...
Bulsar ...
Broach ...
Jambusar ...
Ankleshwar ...
Kaira ...
Mehmedabad ...
Nadiád ...
Borsad ...
Anand ...
Umreth ...
Dákore ...
Kapadvanj ...
Godhra ...
Dohad ...
Number
of Births
during the
year.
3
622
438
397
385
291
252
179
145
271
3
2,973
239
540
1,935
426
484
249
261
1,138
672
325
631
288
618
432
541
Number of
Deaths
amongst
children
under one
year during
the year
1923.
4
108
81
34
39
30
11
30
22
26
2
1,147
49
77
313
89
86
44
69
288
179
44
117
80
134
83
100
Number of
successful
vaccinations
on children
under one
year during
the year
ending March
1924.
5
309
578
89
29
69
99
69
179
119
1
2,806
121
250
855
227
244
181
137
659
340
270
314
14
449
533
187
Date of
extension of
Vaccination
Act to Town.
6
Nil.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
87
APPENDIX III—concluded.
No.
1
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
Towns.
2
Ahmedabad ...
Dhandhuka ...
Viramgaon ...
Dholka ...
Karáchi ...
Hyderabad ...
Hyderabad Canton-
ment
Lárkáná ...
Sukkur ...
Rohri ...
Shikárpur ...
Tatta ...
Jacobabad ...
Aden ...
Number
of Births
during the
year.
3
11,058
344
802
588
8,841
2,982
37
566
1,314
323
1,681
197
215
883
Number of
Deaths
amongst
children
under one
year during
the year
1923.
4
3,291
70
204
91
1,904
618
5
130
251
75
568
37
59
173
Number of
successful
vaccinations
on children
under one
year during
the year
ending March
1924.
5
7,323
184
479
362
5,437
1,401
96
205
723
174
806
73
160
77
Date of
extension of
Vaccination
Act to Town.
6
6th July 1913.
Nil.
Do.
Do.
October 1879.
February 1914.
Do.
April 1899.
June 1904.
Do.
Nil.
Do.
Do.
28th December
1916.
BOMBAY : PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
APPENDIX
IV.
This Diagram
shows
the proportion
of the population
protected
by Vaccination in each District
during the seven years
from 1st April 1917
to 31st March 1924, side by side with the death rates from Small-pox for 1923-24.
Notes on Vaccination in the
Bombay Presidency
For the Year 1924-25
(With Appendices)
[Price—Rs. 3 or 5s. 3d.]
BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS
1925
Obtainable from the Superintendent of Government Printing
and
Stationery, Bombay, Poona; from the High Commissioner for India,
42, Grosvenor Gardens. S.W. 1, London ; or through any recognized Bookseller
INDEX.
NOTES ON VACCINATION FOR THE YEAR 1924-1925.
PAGE
Selected Districts ... ... ... ... ...
Changes in Area and Administration ... ... ... ...
Changes in supervising staff ... ... ... ...
Primary Vaccination— ... ... ... ... ...
Number of persons vaccinated ... ... ... ...
Results in primary vaccination ... ... ... ...
Age and Sex ... ... ... ... ... ...
Re-Vaccination— ... ... ... ... ...
Number of persons re-vaccinated ... ... ... ...
Results in re-vaccination ... ... ... ... ...
Increase or decrease in vaccination work ... ... ... ...
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Primary and re-vaccinations in Native States— ...
Number of persons vaccinated ... ... ... ...
Results of primary vaccination ... ... ... ...
Results of re-vaccination ...
...
... ...
Vaccination of Pilgrims at Karachi— ... ... ...
Total number of operations— ... ... ...
Incidence of small-pox ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination campaign ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccine Institute, Belgaum—
Repairs to cold storage ... ... ... ... ...
Drainage and water-supply ... ... ... ...
Outbreak of Rinderpest ... ... ... ... ...
Training class for vaccinators ... ... ... ...
Expenditure ... ... ... ... ... ...
Quality of lymph ... ... ... ... ...
Quantity of vaccine ... ... ... ... ...
Chart shewing results of Primary Vaccination.
2
2
2
2
2
2&3
3
3,4 &5
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
P 2—(a)
2
Results of lymph— ... ... ... ... ...
Cost of vaccination ... ... ... ... ...
Inspection by Departmental officers ... ... ... ...
Compulsory vaccination— ... ... ... ...
Anti-vaccination movement
...
...
...
...
Vaccination of children in Municipal towns where vaccination is com-
pulsory ... ... ... ... ...
Ill-effects by vaccination ... ... ... ... ...
The Diagram ... ... ... ... ... ...
General Remarks ... ... ... ... ...
APPENDIX I.
Statement No. I showing the particulars of vaccination in the Bombay
Presidency during the year 1924-25 ... ... ...
Statement No. II showing the cost of the Department during the year
1924-25 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Statement No. III showing dispensary vaccination during the year
1924-25 ... ... ... ... ... ...
Statement No. IV shewing the number of persons primarily vaccinated
and the number of those persons who were successfully vaccinated in
each of the official years ending 31st March 1916 to 1925 (inclusive) ...
Statement No. V shewing particulars of vaccination verified by Inspect-
ing Officers ... ... ... ... ... ...
APPENDIX II.
Statement No. I showing the particulars of vaccination in Native States
during the year 1924-25 ... ... ... ...
Statement No. II showing the cost of the Department in the Native
States during the year 1924-25 ... ... ... ...
Statement No. IV showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated
and the number of those persons who were successfully vaccinated in
each of the official years ending 31st March 1916 to 1925 (inclusive) ...
APPENDIX III.
Statement showing the number of vaccinations performed in Municipal
towns on children under one year of age ... ... ...
APPENDIX IV.
Diagram showing the portion of population successfully vaccinated
during seven years from 1st April 1918 to 31st March 1925, and the
death rate from small-pox during 1924-1925.
PAGE
5
5
5
5&6
7
7
7
7
7
10—53
54—61
62—65
66-67
68-69
70—74
76—78
80—82
88—87
NOTES ON VACCINATION IN THE BOMBAY
PRESIDENCY FOR THE YEAR 1924-25.
1. Selected Districts.—The control of vaccination in one selected
district of each Registration Circle continued to be exercised by the
Local Board of that District.
2. Changes in area and administration.—Nagothna in Kolaba
District ceased to exist as a separate Mahal. The villages in the
Nagothna Mahal have been included in the Pen and Roha Talukas.
In Sind, 2,077 villages are said to have been depopulated. The States
of Western India—Kathiawar, Cutch and Palanpur are now in direct
relations with the Government of India; information, therefore,
regarding vaccination work in these States has been omitted
from this report.
3. Changes in supervising staff.—During the year under report
the office of the Director of Public Health was held by Lieut.-Colonel
W. O'S. Murphy, I.M.S. There was no change in the supervising
staff except in the Southern Registration (or Vaccination) District
where Dr. Dalal held charge as Assistant Director of Public Health
from 1st to 6th April 1924 in addition to his duties as Director,
Vaccine Institute, after which Dr. Gandhi was Assistant Director
of Public Health to the end of the year. In the Western, Central,
Guzerath and Sind Registration Districts, Drs. Munsiff, da Gama,
Pinto and Shiveshwarkar, respectively, continued in charge.
No change worth noting took place in strength of establishment.
Primary Vaccination (Appendix I, Statements I and III).
4. In the year under report there were 623,209 primary operations
against 631,850 in the previous year.
5. Results.—Out of 623,209 vaccinations 553,576 or 88.83 per
cent. were successful, 1,577 or .25 per cent. were unsuccessful and the
results could not be ascertained in the remaining 10.92 per cent. of
the cases. Owing to failure of the first operation 56 persons were
operated on a second time.
6. Age and Sex.—Of the primary vaccinations, 472,111 or 76 per
cent. were of infants under one year of age and 132,303 or 21 per cent.
of children between the ages of one and six years. By sex, 323,756
were males and 299,453 females equal to a proportion of 108.12
to 100.
Re-Vaccination (Appendix I, Statements I and III).
7. 114,231 persons were re-vaccinated against 112,268 in the last
year showing an increase of 1,963. The percentage of successful
re-vaccinations was 47.95. The results in 52.82 per cent. could not
be ascertained.
P 2—1
2
8. Increase or decrease in work.—On the whole the primary
vaccination work shews decrease while there is increase in re-vaccin-
ation work. By Registration Districts, it is observed that both
primary and re-vaccination work decreased in Central and Sind
Registration Districts and Aden Settlement. The decrease in Central
Registration District and Aden was consequent on an excess number
of vaccinations in the previous year on the onset of the epidemic of
small-pox, while the decrease in Sind was due to (a) reduction in
the staff of vaccinators of Thar and Parkar District; (b) heavy floods
and rain in almost the whole of Sind made travelling difficult for
vaccinators and was accompanied by a widespread epidemic of
malaria; people were unwilling to get their children vaccinated
in such unsettled circumstances; (c) also a smaller number of
pilgrims were re-vaccinated.
Vaccination in Native States (Appendix II, Statement I).
9. In the Native States (excluding Kathiawar, Cutch and Palan-
pur) 75,577 persons were primarily vaccinated against 72,260 in
1923-24. The number of successful cases was 74,905 or 99.11.
The percentage of success excluding unknown was 99.74.
Re-vaccinations numbered 4,986 against 3,536 in the previous
year. The results were inspected in 85.88 per cent. of these re-
vaccinations and shewed a per cent. success rate of 64.81
10. Vaccination of Pilgrims at Karachi.—During the year
temporary vaccination establishment consisting of one male and one
female vaccinator, one clerk and one coolie was entertained in
Karachi town for the vaccination of pilgrims proceeding to Hedjaj.
In all 5,780 overseas pilgrims (4,889 males and 891 females) were
vaccinated at that Port against 7,455 in 1923-24. The total
expenditure on vaccination of these pilgrims was Rs. 708 against
Rs. 668-4-0 in the previous year.
11. Total of all operations.—The total' of primary vaccinations
including those in Native States amounts to 698,786 and the total
of re-vaccinations 119,217.
Incidence of Small-pox.
12. The year was one of widespread small-pox throughout India.
The epidemic began towards the end of 1923 and it is still active.
All Registration Districts returned a large number of deaths.
Small-pox continuing from the previous year prevailed in a severe
form during the first quarter of the year in all five districts of Guzerat.
It generally ceased in all districts except Broach and Ahmedabad
where it lurked in a mild form during the next two quarters and
again gradually assumed an epidemic form in the last two months
of the year. Surat District was also affected in the last quarter.
In consequence of retrenchment in Thar and Parkar that
district was very much understaffed. The few remaining vaccinators
were allotted more than one taluka each for systematic work. No
work could be done in Diplo and Chachro Talukas (Desert Division),
3
a large unprotected child population had accumulated and small-pox
sprang up in several places. The matter was referred to Govern-
ment who were pleased to approve of the proposal to restore the
vaccination staff to the original strength for six months (vide
G.R., G.D., No. 5358, dated 19th March 1925) and additional
vaccinators have been appointed since April 1925.
The epidemic of small-pox prevailed in Belgaum and Bijapur.
The municipal vaccinators at Belgaum and Bijapur towns made
house to house visits during January to March. In Bijapur town
assistance of private medical practitioners was enlisted in carrying
out vaccination work vigorously.
Failure to notify the appearance of infection until epidemic was
established and beyond control is again to be recorded in a number
of places. The attention of the district officials concerned was called
to the dereliction.
13. Vaccination Campaign.—As usual a special vaccination
campaign among school children in municipal towns and Taluka
headquarters was carried out in Guzerat. The percentage of
unprotected children was 5.34 against 5.63. The Municipal District
of Dhulia suffered very severely from the epidemic of 1923-24 and
the decision of the municipality to adopt the provisions of the
Bombay District Vaccination Act of 1892 has received the approval
of Government. The Act has been also lately introduced in the
Cantonment areas of Ahmednagar and Belgaum.
Vaccine Institute, Belgaum.
14. No additions or alterations were made to the buildings.
Repairs to the cold storage (as per Government sanction accorded
in G.R., G.D., No. 5217 of 4th March 1924) were completed as
follows :—The silicated cotton and granulated cork were taken out,
thoroughly dried and replaced; teak wood boarding lined with
eternite sheeting was substituted for the deal wood planks of the
inner side walls and ceiling; also asphalt flooring was laid down.
These repairs have been attended by satisfactory results. Since
their completion in January last, the average morning and evening
temperature readings have been 14°.3 F. and 10°.1 F., respectively.
While the repairs were in progress, that is, from November 24th to
January 14th, the lymph stock had to be kept in ice chests, the ice
being obtained from the Refrigerator.
No shortage of water was experienced, the rainfall being ample in
quantity and timely in occurrence.
The drainage system continued to work satisfactorily. During
the year under report the land used as a sewage farm which since
1916-1917 had been leased out to contractors, was again taken under
the management of the Institute staff, crops of lucern, jwari and
bajri being grown and fed to the calves and rabbits. Bananas were
also planted to absorb the surplus effluent during the summer
months.
4
An outbreak of Rinderpest during the year caused heavy loss to
the Institute. The first case appeared in November in the selected
stables that is in a calf that had completed the regulation period of
10 days in the Isolation Stables. This suggests that infection was
introduced in the person of one of the stable attendants that live
outside the Institute. In all 47 cases with 34 deaths occurred
before the outbreak terminated on December 15th.
The staff passed through a particularly anxious and trying time
while the epizootic lasted. The Veterinary Assistant of the Belgaum
Veterinary Dispensary gave valuable assistance in treating sick
animals and carrying out prophylactic inoculation. The Superin-
tendent, Civil Veterinary Department, was consulted in connection
with the outbreak and he has arranged for his veterinary assistants in
Belgaum, Dharwar and Bijapur districts to notify the Institute of all
outbreaks of infectious disease. It is hoped that the calf contractors
will, if only in their own interests, make use of the information
passed on to them.
The Veterinary Graduate on the staff of the Institute was
deputed to Bombay for courses of instruction in Bacteriology and
Hygiene under G.R., G. D., No. 2187 dated 27th March 1925. A
vacancy in the Superintending staff was filled by the appointment
of an L.C.P.S.
The usual training class for vaccinators was held at the Institute
from 1st July to 30th September 1924. Out of seven candidates
who attended the course, five (one from the Southern and two from
the Western Registration Districts and two from West Khandesh
District Local Board) passed the examination.
The gross expenditure of the Institute for the year 1924-25
amounted to Rs. 60,647-12-2 against Rs. 60,260-3-8. The net
expenditure after deducting sale proceeds from non-contributing
constituents was Rs. 40,129-3-10 against Rs. 46,474-2-6.
The quality of vaccination on the calves was satisfactory. The
practice of testing the potency of every lymph manufactured in the
Institute on children, before issue to vaccinators introduced during
the previous year, was continued. Strict and careful selection of
vesicles at the time of collection resulted in a somewhat reduced
yield of pulp per calf vaccinated but this was balanced by the
reduction to zero of the number of lymphs calling for rejection after
trial on children. The potency of lymph was maintained at a high
level by passage through rabbits.
1,177,570 doses of lymph were issued during the year as against
1,184,957. Of these 100,330 were supplied to Civil Medical Officers
of Zanzibar, Aden, Goa and Persian Gulf.
A Chart shewing the results of primary vaccinations in the five
Registration Districts and Bombay City for each month of the year
under report and the previous year is attached.
5
His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Leslie Orme Wilson,
P.C., G.C.I.E., C.M.G., D.S.O., and Lady Wilson visited the
Institute on the 25th of August 1924.
Lymph in use for Vaccination.
15. All vaccinations were performed with glycerinated lymph
manufactured at the Vaccine Institute, Belgaum, and the following
table shews the results obtained.
Districts.
Western
Registration
District.
Bombay City ... ...
Central
Registration
District.
Southern
Registration
District.
Guzerat
Registration
District.
Sind Registration District.
Number of operations.
Primary.
133,157
20,501
142,962
105,114
121,781
88,611
Re-Vaccin-
ation.
5,063
29,101
6,823
43,576
6,430
9,333
Successful excluding
unknown.
Primary.
107,398
18,577
128,259
103,099
110,912
84,116
Re-Vaccin-
ation .
1,703
......
2,866
12,664
1,515
734
Percentage of
success.
Primary.
99.49
95.05
99.94
99.94
99.63
99.86
Re-Vaccin-
ation.
50.35
......
54.32
41.28
32.73
36.94
16. Cost of Vaccination (Appendix I, Statement
II).—The
cost of vaccination came to Rs. 6,15,187 against Rs. 6,18,353, a
decrease of Rs. 3,166. The average cost of each successful case of
vaccination was Re. 1-1-2 against Re. 1-1-1 in the previous year.
17. Inspection by the Officers of the Public Health Department.—The
Assistant Directors of Public Health inspected 27,749 vaccinated
persons or 3.87 per cent. in 745 towns and villages and they travelled
24,063 miles. The Inspectors of Sanitation and Vaccination
inspected 225,254 persons in 9,242 towns and villages travelling
88,088 miles. Thus the results of 253,003 vaccinations or 35.29 per
cent. were checked by examination. The success rate of primary
vaccination as ascertained by the Assistant Directors was 97.94 and
by Inspectors 98.93 per cent.
Compulsory Vaccination.
18. By proclamation of the Rajpipla State Authorities in Feb-
ruary 1925, vaccination was made compulsory as a temporary measure
in Avidha village of Jhagadia taluka where a severe form of small-
pox had become prevalent. A special vaccinator was also
requisitioned. In the following month the proclamation was extended
to three other villages and to Rajpipla and Bhalod towns and is still
in force.
The following table shews the progress made in the protection of
infants during the year under report and the number of deaths from
6
small-pox during five years in those towns in which the Act has
been in force :—
Name.
1
Bombay City ... ...
Bandra ... ...
Kurla ... ...
Ahmedabad ... ...
Karachi ... ...
Hyderabad ... ...
Sukkur ... ...
Rohri ... ...
Larkana
...
...
Deolali Cantonment ...
Aden Cantonment ...
Population.
2
1,175,914
27,411
26,059
270,775
216,883
73,951
42,759
11,378
17,723
18,789
56,500
Children available for
vaccination.
Births minus
deaths of
children
under one
year.
3
12,682
522
257
6,683
6,388
2,094
1,072
288
471
14
......
At the
rate of 31 per
1,000 of
population.
4
36,453*
907
807
8,387
6,961
2,512
1,340
308
572
582
......
Number of
children
under one
year success-
fully.
vaccinated.
5
12,826
463
556
6,991
5,214
658
641
125
228
28
39
Name.
1
Bombay City ... ...
Bandra ... ...
Kurla ... ...
Ahmedabad ... ...
Karachi ... ...
Hyderabad ... ...
Sukkur ... ...
Rohri ... ...
Larkana ... ...
Deolali Cantonment.
Aden Cantonment ...
Number of deaths from small-pox.
1920-21.
6
335
5
...
32
39
30
4
1
...
...
1
1921-22.
7
482
4
5
48
126
...
...
...
1
...
2
1922-23.
8
188
... 1
1
116
6
2
1
...
...
69
1923-24.
9
785
7
7
159
40
213
...
1
...
5
6
1924-25.
10
1,096
19
10
662
136
123
1
1
3
...
2
* The calculated figure is probably slightly in excess for Bombay City owing to
unusual sex distribution of the population.
There is some opposition to vaccination in many of these towns
and in most of them compulsion is in practice either lax, spasmodic
or altogether absent. The bye-laws for registration of births (and
deaths) also are not enforced, except in Karachi and Ahmedabad and
the defaults in birth registers result in many infants being left with-
out vaccination.
19. Anti-Vaccination Movements.—In Hyderabad town (Sind) in
which vaccination of children is compulsory only 26 per cent. of
children under one year were successfully vaccinated whereas in
Jacobabad town where vaccination is optional the figure was 79 per
cent. The backward vaccinal state of Hyderabad is due to the
activity of the Anti-Vaccination League and as was to be expected,
when small-pox infection arrived it found the town with the majority
of its infant population fully susceptible to that disease. During the
year under report, there were 190 cases with 123 deaths in the town.
98 of those deaths were amongst unvaccinated, 4 amongst vaccinated
and in the remaining 21 deaths, the vaccinal condition was unknown.
During the year 29 persons were prosecuted in Hyderabad town
for refusing to get their children vaccinated. Of these prosecutions
24 were withdrawn as they got their children vaccinated and the
remaining five were fined.
Other municipalities in Sind are disinclined to institute prosecu-
tions and some of them have applied for the withdrawal of the
Compulsory Vaccination Act although the decision to apply the Act
was arrived at after prolonged and careful consideration and its
effective application would be of very great benefit to the towns
themselves and to the province generally.
20. A statement shewing the number of vaccinations under one
year of age in municipal towns is attached as Appendix III.
21. No ill effects after vaccination were reported during the
year.
22. Diagram.—A diagram illustrating the proportion of the
population successfully vaccinated in each District during the seven
years from 1st April 1918 to 31st March 1925 and the death-rate
from small-pox for the year 1924-25 is given as Appendix IV.
General Remarks.
23. A class was held at Nasik for the instructions of Inspectors
of Sanitation and Vaccination and a scheme was drawn up for
periodical inspection of all Police Lines and out-posts and for
vaccination of all children available as it was observed that cases of
small-pox in the Police Lines were not reported and helped to
spread the disease. Vaccination work was also carried on in advance
at the places where fairs were due to be held.
In some of the vacancies that have arisen in Inspector of Sanita-
tion and Vaccination posts, men with medical qualifications
(L.C.P.S.) are being engaged as a trial measure.
W. O'S. MURPHY, D.P.H.,
Lieut.-Colonel, I.M.S.,
Director, Public Health,
Poona, 10th August 1925.