54
3½ ozs., Left 1 lb. 2¾ ozs. Capsules strip easily. No petechiæ. On section cortical tissues pale, medul-
lary vessels injected. Stomach.—On section, Villous portion few small patches of congestion, involving
mucous membranes about 1½ inches from pyloric opening. Small Intestine—mucous membranes
somewhat congested in whole length. No ulceration. Large Intestine healthy. Bladder ditto.
CXVIII.
Australian Gelding, aged 16 years, belonging to the Bombay Tramway Company
(No. 128), was purchased 14th January 1884. Admitted into Infirmary with fever, 3rd December 1894.
Surra hæmatozoon detected the same day. The horse arrived at the Laboratory stables at 9 A.M.,
December 5th. State on admission.—Animal in poor condition, dull, head hangs down between fore-
limbs. Ordinary symptoms of fever present. Visible mucous membranes present a faint yellow
colour. Right conjunctival membrane is considerably injected and petechiated, left, injection slight,
petechiæ more marked. Sheath swollen and œdematous, lower limbs are full, but not tender on
pressure. Temperature 40.8°C. ; pulse frequent and small, 60 ; breathing frequent and shallow, 35. Appe-
tite good. Dung natural. The animal was submitted to treatment, Arsenic (grs. 2½) being administered
on-the evening of its arrival, but on the following day a dose of grs. vi was given. After one dose the
hæmatozoon disappeared from the blood, and did not again re-appear in the circulation. On the 25th
day of the intermission the temperature rose to 41.2°C., and it was expected that the organism would again
be present in the blood, but death supervened December 30th, 1894. Temperature oscillated, during
the period the horse was under observation, from a maximum of 41.9°C. (107.4°F.) to a minimum of
37.4° C. (99.3°F.). In all 150.5 grains of Arsenic were given in 26 days.
Autopsy.—Body fairly nourished. Some swelling and œdema of lower extremities. Thorax-
Pleural cavities contain few ounces of a turbid, sherry-coloured fluid. Lungs.—Few small calcareous
nodules dotted over surface of the organs, but no petechiæ. Pericardium sac contains a few drachms
of an orange-coloured fluid. Heart 6 lbs. 11 ozs. Left ventricle few petechiæ. Abdominal cavity free
from fluid. Liver 13 lbs 14 ozs. Capsule opaque in patches, few calcareous bodies dotted over surface of
organ. On section contains much blood. Tissues healthy. Spleen 1 lb. 13½ ozs., firm on section.
Kidneys.—Right 1 lb. 7 ozs., Left 1 lb. 5¾ ozs. On section the cortical portion of both organs
presents a vertical striation, dark red in colour, alternating with a dull white medullary substance, pale.
Stomach.—Mucous membrane of villous portion presents spiroptera tumour, otherwise healthy in
appearance. Intestines healthy. Bladder ditto.
CXIX.—Herati Gelding, aged 8 years, belonging to the Bombay Tramway Company (No. 822),
was purchased on 21st January 1891, was admitted into the Infirmary with fever on 4th December
1894, and the hæmatozoon was discovered in the blood at the same time. The animal arrived at the
Laboratory stables at 9 A.M. on the 6th December. State on admission.—The horse is in excellent
condition, but presents a dull appearance. Visible mucous membranes are a bright yellow coloured,
injected, and both conjunctival membranes are petechiated. Skin hot, temperature 40.5°C. There is an
urticarial eruption on the hind quarters and extremities and some swelling and œdema of the fetlocks.
Pulse frequent and thready, 60. Respiration 20. Hæmatozoa very numerous in the blood. Red
corpuscles form healthy rouleaux. 7,400,000, white 10,000 in 1 c. mm. or ratio of 1 : 740. Appetite poor.
Dung normal in character. The animal was submitted to treatment, Arsenic (grs. v) being administered
on the evening of its arrival, followed subsequently by gradually increasing doses, until as much as 24
grains were given during the 24 hours. On the day after admission the temperature registered
41.3°C. (106.3 °F.) but fell next day to 38.1°C. (100.6°F), and remained during the following seventy (70)
days within normal limits. In this interval 514 grains of Arsenic were administered. On the 15th
February (P.M.) the temperature rose to 39.3°C. and during the three following days the Surra organism
re-appeared in small numbers in the circulation. A second intermission commenced on the 19th
February 1895, 79th day of the disease, and continued until 21st April 1895, 140th day of the disease,
during which interval 444 grains of Arsenic were given. The organism again appeared in small
numbers for a period of four days, and a third intermission occurred which occupied 15 days, followed
by a fourth paroxysm lasting one day, 10th May. Up to this time, the 159th day of the disease, 1,232
grains of Arsenic had been administered to the animal. On the 16th May, the establishment of the
Laboratory removed to Muktesar, so this animal was left at the Sangam Veterinary Hospital under the
care of Mr. Judas Hyam, the Veterinary Graduate in charge. The Arsenical treatment was continued
until death supervened on July 2nd, 1895. From May 10th to the date of death, a period of 53 days,
1,007 grains of Arsenic were taken by the animal, and finally symptoms of poisoning were observed.
Unfortunately the telegraph lines were not laid to Muktesar at that time and ordinary telegraphic
messages between the two stations were frequently not delivered for five days, consequently directions
wired as to treatment were useless. Arsenic to the amount of 2,239 grains were taken by the animal in
209 days equivalent to a daily dose of 10.7 grains for that period.
Autopsy.—Not made until 16 hours after death. Animal in fine condition, no swelling or œdema
present.
Thorax.—No fluid or adhesions. Lungs, anterior lobes, localized emphysema. Pericardium, sac
contains a drachm of fluid.
Heart.—Normal in size, presents a healthy appearance.
Liver.—Somewhat large; spleen much enlarged.
Post-mortem changes too far advanced for any slight changes to be recognized.
CXX.—Persian-Gulf Entire Horse, aged 7 years, belonging to the. Bombay Mounted Police,
(No. 53), was purchased during the rains of 1894, was first observed to be ailing on 1st December, and