53
Kidneys.—Right weighs 2 lbs. 8 ozs., left 2 lbs. 11¾ ozs. Capsules strip easily, stellate veins injected,
organs much enlarged. Stomach.— Villous portion somewhat dark in colour and emits a foul odour,
due to Spiroptera nests. Small Intestines, portion bordering on the Ilio-cœcal valve, mucous mem-
branes congested, no ulceration or erosion of surface. Large Intestines mucous membrane highly con-
gested, and there are signs of blood on the contained dung. Rectum mucous membranes congested,
surface covered with a glairy viscid material. Bladder contains 25 ounces of orange-coloured urine.
On section mucous membranes healthy.
No. CXV.—Persian-Gulf Entire Horse, aged 4 years, was purchased on the 16th July, and kept
in Bombay until the 23rd November 1894, when Surra was diagnosed. There is, therefore, no doubt
that the disease was contracted in Bombay. On November 23rd the temperature was 40.4°C. (104.8°F.).
Pulse 60. Respirations 52. The animal was received at the Laboratory stables on November 29th, on
the evening of its arrival was placed on treatment consisting of Arsenic (grs. iv.) twice daily in gradually
increasing doses.
The hæmatozoon was present in the blood whilst under observation from the 22nd to 25th day of
the disease inclusive, but after 38 grains of Arsenic had been administered it disappeared and did not
recur. During the early days of treatment, December 5th and 6th, an urticarial eruption involving
the under-surface of the abdomen and thighs appeared and persisted for 24 hours. In all 455 grains
of Arsenic were administered in sixty-three days, after which Sodium Iodide in two-drachm doses was
continued twice daily for seventy-two hours.
The animal made an uninterrupted recovery, and was returned to the Bombay Mounted Police,
for duty on March 9th, cured. From letters received in 1895, 1896, 1897 we hear that the animal is
in good health and condition.
It is here worthy of notice that this horse is the first animal on record which has been cured of
naturally contracted or spontaneous Surra.
No. CXVI.—Australian Gelding, aged 11 years, belonging to the Bombay Tramway Company
(No. 388), was purchased on the 28th January 1889. Animal was observed to be ailing on the 17th Octo-
ber 1894, but the hæmatozoon was not discovered until 29th November. The animal was received at the
Laboratory stables at 9 A.M. on 1st December. On admission, horse is in poor condition, ribs visible.
The visible mucous membranes present a yellow tinge. Conjunctival membranes petechiated. Some
swelling and œdema of the scrotum and sheath running forward along under-surface of abdomen; the
fetlocks are also œdematous. Small melanotic tumour on prepuce. Appetite poor, owing to sharp-
ness of teeth, numerous small ulcers on the buccal mucous membranes. Dung contains undigested
corn, odour offensive. On the day of arrival the animal was placed on a treatment of Arsenic, but
from the first the case was recognised as a hopeless one. The hæmatozoon disappeared from the blood
after ten grains of the chemical had been administered, and did not again re-appear in the circulation.
One hundred and fifteen grains in all were given previous to death, which took place on December
14th. The temperature oscillated between 40°C. (104°F.) and 37.4°C. (99.3°F.), and ran up from the
latter figure to 39.1°C. just before the animal succumbed.
Autopsy—Body somewhat emaciated, slight œdema of extremities. Thorax—No fluid, and no
adhesions of the pleuræ. Lungs present a healthy appearance. Pericardium.—The sac contains one
drachm of an orange-coloured fluid. Heart weighs 7 lbs. 3½ ozs., considerably hypertrophied. Internal
surfaces free from extravasation. Abdominal cavity contains several pints of a straw-coloured fluid.
Liver weighs 17 lbs. 7 ozs., considerably enlarged. Old perihepatitis, and a few calcareous nodules.
On section tissues nut-meggy, calcareous bodies invading deep structures. Spleen weighs 1 lb. 71/3 ozs., few
sub-capsular petechiæ on convex surface. On section tissues firm. Kidneys.—Right weighs 1 lb. 15 ozs.,
left 2 lbs. 0¾ oz. Capsules strip easily, stellate veins injected. On section, tissues deeply congested, blood
flows from cut end of the vessels. Small and Large Intestines present a healthy appearance. Bladder
ditto.
CXVII.—Australian Gelding (coarse bred), aged nine years, belonging to the Bombay Tramway
Company (No. 502), was purchased 28th January 1890. Admitted to Infirmary 29th November 1894,
and the Surra hæmatozoon was discovered in the blood at the same time. The animal arrived at the
Laboratory Hospital at 9 A.M., December 1st. State on admission.—The animal is in fair condition, ab-
domen somewhat 'tucked up.' Ordinary symptoms of fever present. Visible mucous membranes bright
orange colour, right conjunctival membrane petechiated, excessive lachrymation present. Temperature
40.3°C. Pulse frequent but regular, and of low tension, 46. Respiration 24. Absence of swelling and
œdema. Appetite fairly good. Hæmatozoa numerous in the blood. On the evening of December 1st the
animal was submitted to treatment by Arsenic (grs. v) during a paroxysm. The hæmatozoon dis-
appeared from the blood on the following morning, but again re-appeared after 48 hours and remained
present for two days, finally making its departure after 37 grains of the chemical had been administered.
During the whole case 114.5 grains were given. The temperature varied between admission and death,
which occurred on the 17th December, between a maximum of 40.3°C. and a minimum of 36.6°C.
Autopsy.—Body fairly nourished. Some swelling and œdema of the fetlocks. On section tissues
and membranes stained a deep orange colour. Thorax.—No fluid, no adhesions. Lungs.—Sub-pleural
extravasations invading both organs. On section tissues healthy. Pericardium free from fluid. Heart
6 lbs. 4 ozs. Right cavity blood-stained, all free from extravasations. Abdominal cavity free from
fluid. Liver 11 lbs. 3 ozs. Old perihepatitis. On section tissues fairly healthy. Spleen 1 lb. 8¼ ozs.
few sub-capsular petechiæ. On section, tissues firm, present healthy appearance. Kidneys.—Right 1 lb.
B 2204—14