NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
118 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [VI, II
Table I shows the complete chemical composition of the fodders, and the
digestibility data are given in Table II. Starch equivalents, digestible protein
per 100 parts of fodder, albuminoid ratios and the daily nitrogen balance are
given in Table III, while the comparative feeding values of all the fodders are
summarised in averages in Table IV.
Senji (Mililotus parviflora).—This is a rabi fodder available for feeding
in the Punjab, by about the middle of January. The sample used was grown
on a heavy loam soil and fed at the end of February in a green condition. Senji
is very rich in highly digestible protein and proved to be a maintenance ration.
The animals invariably showed a very high positive daily nitrogen balance which
is reflected to some degree in a corresponding increase in the body weights during
the trials. Senji is conspicuously rich in calcium.
Berseem (Trifolium Alexandrinum)—This is also a rabi fodder which yields
about five cuttings in a season and is available for feeding by Christmas. The
sample used was grown on a medium loam and was fed both in the green condition
and as hay. The green fodder was obtained from the 3rd cut in March 1931,
whilst the hay was made from a homogenous mixture of five cuttings obtained
at intervals during the season. Green berseem is a maintenance ration, richer
in calcium and phosphoric acid than green senji, but the digestibility of the protein
of each of these green fodders is of the same order. The daily nitrogen balance
was positive in both but somewhat lower in the case of berseem, a fact probably
due to the smaller intake of the total dry matter by the animals when feeding on
berseem. During the course of the trials extending over 22 days the animals
increased in body weight. Reference to the figures in the last two columns of
Table IV shows that green berseem is a decidedly better fodder than green senji.
Velvet Beans (Stizolobium deeringianum).—This bean is a kharif legume
and was fed at the dough stage when it was found to be a maintenance ration ;
it compares favourably with green senji and green berseem in its protein content,
and is decidedly richer than either in its calcium and phosphoric acid contents.
The high daily nitrogen balance found in these trials with this fodder was
reflected in a, corresponding increase in the body weights of the animals.
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus).—This has recently been introduced in the
Punjab as a ration for cattle and produces a heavy crop of succulent green fodder
[Read, 1933]. It was fed in our trials at the " Milk-dough " stage and proved to
be a maintenance ration comparing favourably with leguminous fodders.
Bajra. (Pennisetum typhoideum).—This kharif fodder was obtained from a
light soil and fed at the " Milk-dough " stage and proved to be a maintenance
ration.
Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum).—This is a perennial grass which
grows luxuriantly and becomes hard and fibrous and unsuitable as a fodder after
a stage when it is about three feet high.
DIGESTIBILITY TRIALS ON INDIAN FEEDING STUFFS
119
The sample used in these trials was grown on a medium soil and cut at this
stage and proved to be a maintenance ration.
Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)—This grass yields about six cuttings during
the kharif season under irrigated conditions at Lyallpur and the sample used was
the fifth cut representing the best stage of growth, i.e., when about three feet
high and proved to be a maintenance ration.
Sudan grass (Andropogon Sorghum Var : Sudanensis).—This is a kharif
fodder which yields about four cuttings during the season. It was fed when in a
condition a little past the ' Milk stage ' of the final cutting but did not prove
to be a maintenance ration.
Juar (Chari) local Sorghum Vulgare.—This is a kharif fodder commonly used
for feeding cattle both in a green condition and as hay. The sample used in these
trials was grown on a medium loam soil, fed in the pre-milk stage and was found
to be a non-maintenance ration.
Juar (Chari) Nos. 8,11 and 22.—These samples represent certain new Punjab
juars obtained by crossing various sweet varieties. These were grown on a light
soil and collected for these trials after the heads had been gathered for grain ;
of the three varieties, only No. 8 which is the richest in protein proved to be a
maintenance ration.
Lyallpur Dub grass hay (Cynodon dactylon).—This hay was made from lawn
mowings from the College estate, collected over a period of about eight months.
Each cut was dried in the sun and a composite sample of the mixture, which proved
to be a maintenance ration, was used in the trials. This hay is rich in protein.
Gram bhusa.—This is a chaff of a rabi leguminous crop Cicer arietinum. It
is richer in digestible nutrients than wheat bhusa [Lander and Dharmani, 1932]
and like wheat bhusa, varies in composition from year to year but, nevert he-
less, was not a maintenance ration.
It is usual to find small differences in chemical composition in the same type
of fodder when grown under different climatic conditions or on different types
of soil but the analytical data given here may be taken as representative of these
fodders as grown in the Punjab at the particular stage of growth indicated.
Acknowledgment is made of the valuable assistance given in this work by
Mr. Akbar Ali of the Chemical Section, and our thanks are also due to Mr. H. R.
Saini, the Fodder Specialist, for supplying the fodders Nos. 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 and
Mr. B. S. Sawhney, the Millet Botanist, for the supply of juars Nos. 8, 11 and 22.
REFERENCES
(1) Lander, P. E. and Dharmani, Pandit L. C.* (1932). The Ind. J. of Vet. Sc. &
Anim- Hus., 2, 141.
(2) Read, W. S. (1933). A. & L. in India, 3, 246.
120
THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [VI, II
TABLE I
Chemical
Composition
Name of the Feed
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Senji green .....
Berseem green ....
Velvet Beans green ......
Sunflower green ......
Bajra green ......
Elephant grass green .......
Guinea grass green .......
Sudan grass green ......
Juar green .......
Juar (Chari) No. 8 green ...
Juar (Chari) No. 11 green ...
Juar (Chari) No. 22 green ...
Berseem hay ......
Lyallpur Dub grass hay ...
Gram bhusa .....
Wheat bhusa ....
Moisture
per cent
78.40
84.90
76.02
79.06
78.36
77.83
74.90
64.64
67.02
60.25
61.02
61.40
12.77
8.73
9.40
7.60
Dry
Matter
per cent
21.60
15.10
23.98
20.94
21.64
22.17
25.10
35.36
32.98
39.75
38.98
38.60
87.23
91.27
90.60
92.40
Ash
per cent
2.82
2.36
3.58
3.22
2.35
3.12
3.05
3.61
2.88
3.76
3.76
2.47
12.27
11.45
12.06
9.43
Fat
per cent
0.36
0.42
0.51
0.72
0.33
0.45
0.39
0.57
0.48
0.67
0.54
0.46
1.03
1.26
0.48
0.88
Fibre
per cent
6.35
2.94
4.62
5.02
6.89
7.39
9.13
11.31
11.48
10.80
10.52
10.70
18.53
16.78
40.27
38.94
Protein
per cent
3.31
2.75
3.63
2.50
1.50
1.00
1.31
1.44
1.13
1.94
1.44
0.85
13.88
10.13
5.44
2.19
Nitrogen-free
extract
per cent.
8.76
6.63
11.64
9.48
10.57
10.21
11.22
18.43
17.01
22.58
22.72
24.12
41.52
51.65
32.35
40.96
Chemical Composition.
Per cent on oven-dried fodder.
Senji green
......
Berseem green
.....
Velvet Beans green ......
Sunflower green ....
Bajra green
....
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
13.06
15.63
14.93
15.38
10.86
1.67
2.78
2.13
3.44
1.52
29.40
19.47
19.27
23.98
31.84
15.33
18.21
15.14
11.94
6.93
40.54
43.91
48.53
45.26
48.85
DIGESTIBILITY TRIALS ON INDIAN FEEDING STUFFS
121
6. Elephant grass green ....
7. Guinea grass green ....
8. Sudan grass green ....
9. Juar green ....
10. Juar (Chari) No. 8 green ....
11. Juar (Chari) No. 11 green ...
12. Juar (Chari) No. 22 green ...
13. Berseem hay ......
14. Lyallpur Dub grass hay ....
15. Gram bhusa ......
16. Wheat bhusa ......
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
14.08
12.15
10.21
8.73
9.46
9.65
6.40
14.07
12.54
13.31
10.21
2.03
1.55
1.61
1.46
1.69
1.39
1.19
1.18
1.38
0.53
0.95
33.34
36.38
31.99
34.82
27.17
26.99
27.72
21.25
18.38
44.45
42.15
4.51
5.22
4.07
3.43
4.88
3.70
2.20
15.91
11.10
6.01
2.37
46.04
44.70
52.12
51.56
56.80
58.27
62.49
47.59
56.60
35.70
44.32
122
THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY [VI, II
TABLE I—contd.
Mineral matter in 100 lbs. of the oven-dried feed
Name of feed
1. Senji green ...
2. Berseem green ..
3. Velvet beans green ..
4. Sunflower green ..
5. Bajra green ...
6. Elephant grass green .
7. Guinea grass green ..
8. Sudan grass green ..
9. Juar green ...
10. Juar No. 3 green ..
11. Juar No. 11 green ..
12. Juar No. 22 green ..
13. Berseem hay ..
14. Lyallpur Dub grass hay .
15. Gram bhusa ..
16. Wheat bhusa ..
Phos-
phates
P 2 O 5
0.437
0.449
0.753
0.505
0.303
0.700
0.629
0.434
0.268
0.219
0.194
0.183
0.352
0.557
0.167
0.060
Calcium
CaO
1.440
2.660
4.080
2.460
0.709
0.775
0.749
0.927
0.674
0.937
0.703
0.645
2.830
1.130
1.160
0.358
Sodium
Na 2 O
0.149
0.257
0.218
0 096
0.324
0.612
0.200
0.004
0.158
0.076
0.096
0.100
0.446
0.119
0.039
0.151
Potas-
sium
K 2 O
3.50
4.77
2.87
4.23
3.39
4.41
3.23
1.54
2.41
2.08
2.47
2.04
4.49
2.12
2.98
1.75
Magne-
sium
MgO
0.515
0.549
1.060
1.220
0.543
0.451
0.603
0.687
0.383
0.398
0.388
0.389
0.679
0.415
0.360
0.181
Manga-
nese
Mn 2 O 4
0.0100
0.0105
0.0153
0.0103
0.0083
0.0067
0.0085
0.0101
0.0078
0.0067
0.0112
0.0090
0.0123
0.0101
0.0046
0.0420
Alumi-
nium
A1 2 O3
0.469
0.343
0.503
0.378
0.190
0.368
0.160
0.246
0.378
0.289
0.341
0.323
0.702
0.452
0.151
0.164
Iron
Fe 3 O 3
0.135
0 106
0 161
0.181
0.065
0.117
0.051
0 124
0.090 |
0.089
0.095 |
0.097
0.166 |
0.115
0.056
0.141
Sulphate
SO 4
0.566
0.365
0.399
0.251
0.798
0.410
0.198
0.241
0.122
0.185
0.188
0.133
0.443
0.766
0.425
0.458
Insoluble
Residue
3.13
2.14
3.20
3.51
4.27
5.55
5.45
5.80
4.42
4.08
5.10
4.03
4.29
6.26
1.02
5.26
Iodine in
(Y)=
0.000001
grms.
25.6
35.0
38.5
20.6
21.6
16.0
20.7
16.0
21.0
14.0
18.0
15.0
32.6
250
19.7
...
DIGESTIBILITY TRIALS ON INDIAN FEEDING STUFFS 123
TABLE II
Digestibility Data
Period
29th Feb. 1932
to 9th March
1932.
8th March 1931
to 29th March
1931.
23rd Nov. 1933
to 29th Nov.
1933
9th Oct. 1934 to
20th
Oct.
1934.
29th Aug 1935
to 8th Sept.
1935
28th Sept. 1932
to 12th Oct.
1932
7th Sept. 1931
to 18th Sept.
1931
7th Sept. 1931
to 18th Sept.
1931
Anima l
128
129
133
128
129
133
Bu. 1
Bu. 2
Bu. 3
Bu. 4
G. 2
S. 1
166
G. 2
S. 1
Bu. 1
Bu. 4
Bu. 2
149
151
156
128
129
133
Daily body weight
lbs.
690
725
595
574
568
451
950
1,052
935
865
830
506
840
883
574
870
850
1,000
570
530
520
720
710
600
Ration.
Senji green .
Do.
Berseem green
Do.
Do.
Velvet Beans greet
Do.
.
Do.
Do.
Sunflower green .
Do.
Bajra green
Do.
Elephant
grass
green.
Do.
Do.
Guinea grass green
Do.
Do.
Sudan grass green
Do.
Do.
Feed eaten per day
lbs.
84.1
85.4
66.0
77.9
82.3
67.6
70.0
70.0
70.0
70.0
73.5
48.6
62.4
62.1
48.0
70.9
65.3
74.5
53.5
38.4
37.1
29.5
28.3
25.0
Dry matter
68.78
69.70
65.36
72.10
73.20
72.97
68.26
64.26
66.67
73.93
53.43
54.24
61.40
63.63
65.48
62.86
61.33
62.41
56.73
57.36
55.29
45.54
45.40
48.54
Digestibility coefficients.
Ash
55.28
60.17
46.24
61.41
62.37
61.87
40.23
35.48
37.99
51.13
40.68
48.45
51.07
47.24
56.66
52.97
55.42
54.74
42.95
43.60
37.04 ...
...
...
Fat
46.67
48.39
33.33
48.48
51.43
50.00
66.67
58.83
60.79
70.60
41.66
45.83
66.66
63.64
69.70
56.25
62.04
58.82
43.59
41.03
41.03
29.41
31.25
35.71
Fibre
57.68
59.77
56.08
59.39
60.74
61.30
59.31
49.79
57.58
68.40
17.93
22.51
55.15
61.24
62.84
66.22
63.54
60.43
57.27
58.69
57.27
57.78
54.06
61.83
Protein
82.73
83.04
79.00
80.84
82.30
80.65
69.96
66.94
68.60
76.02
70.80
72.40
62.00
59.33
64.00
63.38
60.00
64.00
60.31
59.55
58.02
23.25
29.27
30.55
Nitrogen free
extract
76.80
75.67
74.39
79.50
80.22
80.35
79.90
78.28
78.80
82.74
72.90
68.88
67.55
69.45
69.26
63.53
61.59
69.12
60.09
60.35
58.83
49.64
60.77
51.42
Digestible constituents per 100 lbs. of feed.
Dry matter
14.85
15.06
14.12
10.89
11.05
11.02
16.37
15.41
15.99
17.73
11.19
11.36
13.29
13.77
14.77
13.93
13.60
13.83
14.24
14.40
13.88
16.10
16.06
17.17
Ash
1.56
1.70
1.30
1.54
1.47
1.46
1.44
1.27
1.36
1.83
1.31
1.56
1.20
1.11
1.33
1.65
1.73
1.71
1.31
1.32
1.13
...
...
...
Fat
0.17
0.18
0.12
0.20
0.22
0.21
0.34
0.30
0.31
0.36
0.30
0.33
0.22
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.27
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.20
Fibre
3.66
3.79
3.56
1.75
1.79
1.80
2.74
2.30
2.66
316
0.90
1.13
3.80
4.22
4.33
4.89
4.70
4.47
5.23
5.36
5.23
6.54
6.11
6.99
Protein
2.74
2.76
2.62
2.22
2.26
2.22
2.54
2.43
2.49
2.76
1.77
1.81
0.93
0.89
0.96
0.63
0.60
0.64
0.79
0.78
0.76
0.34
0.42
0.44
Nitrogen free
extract
6.72
6.63
6.52
5.27
5.32
5.33
9.30
9.11
9.17
9.63
6.91
6.53
7.14
7.34
7.32
6.49
6.29
7.06
6.74
6.77
6.60
9.15
9.36
9.48
124 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
[VI, II
TABLE II—contd.
Period
6th Sept. 1930
to 11th Sept.
1930
21st Nov. 1932
to 28th Nov.
1932.
21st Nov. 1932
to 28th Nov.
1932
10th Dec. 1932
to 18th Dec.
1932
1st Feb. 1934
to 16th Feb.
1934
3rd Jan. 1934
to 12th Jan.
1934.
19th Jan. 1933
to 25th Jan.
1933
6th Aug. 1929
to 14th Aug.
1929
Animal
128
129
133
169
171
172
Bu. 1
Bu. 2
169
171
172
Bu. 1
Bu. 2
Bu. 3
Bu. 4
169
171
G. 1
169
171
172
122
128
133
Dally body weight
lbs
584
542
451
454
440
420
820
980
438
422
416
1,050
1,160
1,090
980
640
615
565
468
461
420
469
439
357
Ration
Juar (Chari) green
Do.
Do.
Jaur (Chari) No. 8
green
Do.
Do.
Juar (Chari) No.
11 green
Do.
Juar (Chari) No.
22 green
Do.
Do.
Bersecm hay
Do.
Do.
Do.
Lyallpur Dub grass
hay.
Do.
Do.
Gram bhusa
Do.
Do.
Wheat bhusa
Do.
Do.
Feed eaten per day
lbs.
30.5
26.0
22.5
17.1
17.6
18.2
26.0
30.6
13.8
12.9
14.3
18.0
17.9
18.5
15.3
13.1
10.9
11.3
8.1
7.9
7.4
6.4
6.3
5.2
Dr y mat t er
56.76
58.46
53.77
57.06
56.00
57.26
51.78
50.13
52.81
58.31
52.18
64.14
62.46
65.50
65.04
42.32
50.15
41.01
44.14
40.22
40.99
46.70
52.24
47.19
Digestibility coefficients
Ash
12.50
29.33
16.92
18.75
17.18
10.20
10.44
—33.00
—13.00
—23.00
41.25
37.84
43.20
45.80
16.68
15.20
17.03
34.70
35.79
30.34
...
...
...
Fat
33.33
46.15
36.36
41.67
33.33
50.00
28.57
35.30
7.81
16.67
14.29
32.04
21.36
31.07
32.05
24.61
29.37
27.78
...
...
...
33.33
33.33
40.00
Fibre
65.14
60.20
57.75
60.55
60.52
59.38
55.47
51.56
56.77
61.60
53.60
48.84
46.41
51.65
48.30
58.23
58.53
42.47
43.25
37.10
39.94
59.04
65.31
59.11
Protein
40.00
37.93
32.00
42.42
41.18
45.70
21.06
22.73
—16.67
—9.09
—25.00
68.02
68.80
71.62
71.54
52.02
57.94
53.30
40.91
37.20
42.50
...
:::
Nitrogen free
extract
60.50
64.03
59.27
63.47
61.71
59.61
59.39
58.27
63.47
67.30
62.79
77.20
75.62
76.92
76.66
41.37
54.17
43.69
49.62
46.10
46.02
50.38
55.04
52.12
Digestible constituents per 100 lbs. of feed
Dry iratter
18.72
19.28
17.73
22.68
22.28
22.76
20.19
19.54
20.39
22.51
20.14
55.94
54.48
57.13
56.74
38.63
45.78
37.44
39.99
36.44
37.14
43.13
48.26
43.60
Ash
0.36
0.85
0.49
0.71
0.68
0.80
0.39
Nega-
tive
„
„
5.06
4.64
5.30
5.62
1.91
1.74
1.95
4.19
4.32
3.66
...
...
...
Fat
0.16
0.22
0.18
0.28
0.22
0.34
0.15
0.19
0.04
0.08
0.07
0.33
0.22
0.32
0.33
0.31
0.37
0.35
...
...
...
0.31
0.32
0.39
Fibre
7.48
6.91
6.63
6.54
6.54
6.41
5.84
5.42
6.07
6.59
6.73
9.05
8.60
9.57
8.95
9.77
9.82
7.17
17.42
14.94
16.09
22.97
25.40
23.08
Protein
0.46
0.42
0.36
0.82
0.80
0.88
0.31
0.33
Nega-
tive
„
„
9.44
9.55
9.94
9.93
5.27
5.87
5.40
2.20
2.03
2.30
Nega-
tive
„
„
Nitrogen
free
extract
10.29
10.89
10.08
14.33
13.93
13.46
13.50
13.24
15.31
16.23
15.14
32.05
31.40
31.94
31.83
21.37
27.98
22.57
16.06
14.91
14.89
20.63
22.54
21.35
DIGESTIBILITY TRIALS ON INDIAN FEEDING STUFFS
126
TABLE III
Food Values
Period
23th February 1932
to 9th March 1932.
8thMarch 1931 to 29th
March 1931
23rd Nov. 1933 to 29th
Nov. 1933
9th Oct. 1934 to 20th
Oct. 1934
29th Aug. 1935 to 8th
Sept. 1935
28th Sept. 1932 to
12th Oct. 1932
7th Sept. 1931 to 18th
Sept. 1931
7th Sept. 1931 to 18th
Sept. 1931
Animal
128
129
133
128
129
133
Bu.1
Bu.2
Bu.3
Bu.4
G.2
S.l
166
G.2
S.l
Bu.l
Bu.4
Bu.2
149
151
156
128
129
133
Daily
Body
weight
lbs.
690
725
595
574
568
451
950
1,052
935
865
830
506
840
883
574
870
850
1,000
570
530
520
720
710
600
Name of the feed
Senji green
....
Do.
....
Do.
....
Berseem green . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Velvet Beans green . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Sunflower green
Ditto
Bajra green
....
Ditto
....
Ditto
....
Elephant grass green
Ditto . .
Ditto . .
Guinea grass green . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Sudan grass green . . .
Ditto . . .
Ditto . . .
Daily
Nitrogen
balance
grms.
72.74
75.56
51.53
55.13
67.53
52.59
25.17
13.50
32.32
45.37
21.00
14.40
24.45
23.53
22.54
19.57
14.75
20.63
12.80
8.19
6.59
—6.93
—4.47
—3.95
Starch
equiva-
lents
11.10
11.17
10.60
8.71
8.86
8.82
13.74
12.92
13.42
14.75
8.53
8.48
9.82
10.38
10.58
9.58
9.20
9.45
9.31
9.41
9.10
11.22
11.13
12.20
Digestible
protein
per 100
lbs. of
the feed
2.74
2.76
2.62
2.22
2.26
2.22
2.54
2.43
2.49
2.76
1.77
1.81
0.93
0.89
0.96
0.63
0.60
0.64
0.79
0.78
0.76
0.34
0.42
0.44
Albumi-
noid
ratio 1:
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.4
3.4
3.4
5.1
5.0
50
4.9
4.8
4.7
12.5
13.5
12.7
18.8
19.5
18.4
15.8
14.7
15.4
47.5
37.5
38.5
Remarks -
Maintenance Ration.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Non-maintenance
Ration.
Ditto
Ditto
126 THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
[VI, II
TABLE III—contd.
Period
6th Sept. 1930 to 11th
Sept. 1930
21st Nov. 1932 to 28th
Nov. 1932
21st Nov. 1932 to 28th
Nov.1932
10th Dec. 1932 to 18th
Dec. 1932
1st Feb. 1934 to 16th
Feb.1934
3rd Jan. 1934 to 12th
Jan.1934.
19bh Jan. 1933 to 25th
Jan.1933
5th Aug. 1929 to 14th
Aug. 1929
Animal
128
129
133
169
171
172
Bu.l
Bu.2
169
171
172
Bu.1
Bu.2
Bu.3
Bu.4
169
171
G.l
169
171
172
122
128
133
Daily
Body
weight
lbs.
584
542
451
454
440
420
820
980
438
422
416
1,050
1,160
1,090
980
640
615
565
468
461
420
469
439
357
Name of the feed
Juar green
....
Ditto
....
Ditto
....
Juar No. 8 green ...
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Juar No. 11 green ....
Ditto ...
Juar No. 22 green ...
Ditto ....
Ditto ...
Berseem hay
....
Ditto
....
Ditto
....
Ditto
....
Lyallpur Dub grass hav. .
Ditto ...
Ditto ...
Gram bhusa
....
Ditto
....
Ditto
....
Wheat bhusa
....
Ditto
....
Ditto
....
Daily
Nitrogen
balance
grms.
—1.61
+ 0.43
—2.40
2.53
2.54
3.94
—4.94
—5.96
—8.53
—6.50
—8.01
6.89
11.96
6.68
9.28
2.63
0.91
1.57
— 4.70
—5.40
—4.30
—9.43
—7.69
—7.98
Starch
equiva
lents
13.2
13.3
12.1
17.42
16.85
16.57
15.34
14.74
16.53
18.12
16.18
40.00
38.70
40.80
40.10
27.05
34.40
25.86
12.20
8.43
10.05
21.43
26.08
22.27
Digestible
protein
per 100
lbs. of
the feed
0.46
0.42
0.36
0.82
0.80
0.88
0.31
0.33
Negative
„
„
9.44
9.55
9.94
9.93
5.27
5.87
5.40
2.20
2.03
2.30
Negative
„
Albumi
noid
ratio 1:
39.5
43.3
48.2
26.3
26.4
23.5
64.0
58.5
α
α
α
4.0
4.2
4.3
4.2
6.0
6.6
5.7
15.1
14.8
13.6
α
α
α
Remarks
Ditto
Maintenance Ration
Non-maintenance Ra
tion.
Maintenance Ration
Ditto
Ditto
Non-maintenance Ra
tion.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Maintenance Ration
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Non-maintenance Ra
tion.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
DIGESTIBILITY TRIALS ON INDIAN FEEDING STUFFS
127
TABLE IV
Summary of data showing averages
Name of feed
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Senji green .
Berseem green .
Velvet
beans
green.
Sunflower green
Bajra green
Elephant grass
green.
Guinea
grass
green.
Sudan
grass
green.
Juar green
Juar No. 8 green
Juar
No. 11
green.
Juar
No. 22
green.
Berseem hay .
Lyallpur
Dub
grass hay.
Gram bhusa
Wheat bhusa
.
Dr y matter %
21.60
15.10
23.98
24.94
21.64
22.17
25.10
35.36
32.98
39.75
38.98
38.60
87.23
91.27
90.60
92.40
Digestibility coefficient.
Dr y matter
69.95
72.76
68.28
53.84
63.50
62.20
56.46
46.49
56.33
56.77
50.96
54.43
64.29
44.50
41.78
48.71
As h
53.89
61.88
48.21
44.57
58.66
54.38
41.20
...
19.58
17.97
10.32
...
42.02
16.30
33.61
...
Fat
42.79
49.97
64.22
43.75
66.67
59.04
41.88
32.12
38.61
41.67
31.94
12.92
29.13
27.25
...
35.55
Fi br e
57.84
60.48
58.77
20.22
59.74
63.40
57.74
57.89
61.03
60.15
53.52
57.32
48.80
53.83
40.10
61.15
Pr ot ei n
81.59
81.26
70.38
71.60
61.78
62.46
59.29
27.69
36.64
43.10
21.90
...
69.99
54.42
40.15
...
Nitrogen free
extract
75.62
80.02
78.93
78.89
68.75
64.75
59.76
50.61
61.27
61.60
58.83
64.52
76.60
46.41
47.25
52.51
Digestible constituents per 100 lbs. of the
feed as such
Dry matter
14.68
10.99
16.38
11.28
13.94
13.79
14.17
16.44
18.58
22.57
19.87
21.01
56.07
40.62
37.86
45.01
Ash
1.52
1.46
1.48
1.44
1.21
1.69
1.26
...
0.57
0.70
0.60
...
5.16
1.87
4.06
...
Fat
0.16
0.21
0.33
0.32
0.22
0.27
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.28
0.17
0.06
0.30
0.34
...
0.34
Fi br e
3.67
1.78
2.72
1.02
4.12
4.68
5.27
0.55
7.01
6.50
5.63
6.46
9.04
8.92
16.15
23.82
J
Pr ot ei n
2.71
2.23
2.56
1.79
0.93
0.62
0.78
0.40
0.41
0.84
0.32
...
9.72
5.51
2.18
...
Nitrogen free
extract
6.62
5.31
9.30
6.72
7.27
6.61
6.70
9.33
10.42
13.91
13.37
15.50
31.80
23.97
15.29
21.51
Starch equivalent
10.96
8.80
13.71
8.51
10.29
9.41
9.27
11.52
12.90
16.95
15.04
16.94
39.90
20.10
10.23
23.26
Albuminoid ratio
3.9
3.4
5.0
4.8
12.9
18.9
15.3
41.2
43.7
25.4
61.3
...
4.2
6.1
14.5
...
Per cent on oven
dried feed
Starch equival-
ents
50.74
58.28
57.15
34.12
47.64
42.45
36.95
32.58
39.12
42.64
38.59
43.89
45.75
31.87
11.29
25.17 |
Digestible pro-
tein
12.55
14.78
10.67
7.17
4.31
2.80
3.11
1.13
1.24
2.11
0.82
11.15
6.04
2.41
...
ESTIMATION OF VITAMIN-A RESERVE IN THE LIVERS OF
SOME FARM ANIMALS
BY
K. C. SEN, D.Sc.,
Biochemist, Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar,
AND
G. K. SHARMA, G.P.V.C.,
Clinical Assistant, Punjab Veterinary College, Lahore.
(Received for publication on 20th December, 1935).
INTRODUCTION
A considerable amount of discussion has centred round the suggestion of
Green and Mellanby [1928] that vitamin-A increases the resistance of the animal
body to bacterial infection, and the clinical work carried out by Mellanby and
Green [1929] on the effect of vitamin-A- therapy in cases of puerperal septicaemia,
which gave apparently beneficial results, appeared to indicate that the administra-
tion of this vitamin might find a wide application in the treatment of infectious
diseases. This hope has not so far been realised. Thus Harris, Innes and Griffith
[1932] found that the infections observed in cases of vitamin-A deficiency are of
a special type limited in origin to epithelial tissues, and not seen in the absence
of neighbouring keratinization, and that the existing data afforded no basis for
the belief that vitamin-A therapy was likely to bo effective in combating acute
general infections due to specific pathogenic micro-organisms, or in those clinical
toxaemias and infectious diseases which are unassociated with the peculiar struc-
tural breakdown of epithelial tissue, and the attendant localised infec-
tion, which characterises the vitamin deficiency. The observations of Wolff
[1932] and Moore [1932] on the vitamin-A reserve of human livers in health and
disease have also shown that it is extremely difficult to correlate a low reserve of
vitamin-A in liver with any particular type of infection. The trend of Moore's
work, however, suggests that partial vitamin-A deficiency, or the state of mul-
tiple malnutrition which it must usually imply, may be of importance in the
etiology of some types of infection under the conditions usually observed in clinical
practice. It is also now realised that in many cases vitamin-A therapy may not
increase the storage of this vitamin in the liver. Thus Green [1932] found that
the vitamin-A reserves were low in most puerperal cases, and that they might
remain low even after large amounts of vitamin-A had been administered thera-
peutically. He gives reasons for believing that this is not due to lack of absorp-
tion of vitamin-A when taken by the mouth, or to significant loss through urinary
( 128 )