J. B. POLDING AND H. K.
LAL
181
age causes persistent infection hereabouts and. not
elsewhere.
Two cases of pyometra have been noted in the
zebu ; the uteri contained three or four pints of
milky fluid ; the uterine walls were distended, thin
and atonic, whilst the mucosa, especially of the
horns, was deeply congested and in places necrotic.
In one the cervix also was severely inflamed (Plate
[X, fig. 2). The ovaries of both contained central
cavities probably cysts. Nielson [1926] contends
that retained corpora lutea occur only secondarily,
resulting from chronic, pyometric endometritis. In
these specimens corpora lutea were not re-
tained.
A single case of tubercular metritis was found
in a buffalo. The uterine wall contained hard, caseous,
pea-sized nodules, packed with acid-fast baccilli.
The nodules might have been palpable per rectum.
Cervicitis. Few cases of cervicitis were seen. The
only outstanding example is illustrated at Plate IX.
More frequently a few streaks and patches of slight
congestion were observed but, because the butchers
severed the organ near the cervix, these may have
been artifacts.
Abnormalities of the fallopian tubes. Simple sal-
pingitis was not seen in the cow, but was twice
found in the buffalo. The tubes were hardened
and thickened suggesting chronicity. In one the
attendant ovary was embedded in the broad liga-
ment and, together with the opposite ovary, was
afunctional. Five other fallopian lesions were found
in the buffalo ; in all, one or both tubes were blind
at the ovarian end. In four the uteri were congested,
their horn tips being indurated and cartilaginous
with the lumen constricted (2-3 mm. diameter)
and tortuous. The induration formed a separ-
able core in the horn tip. Ovarian abnorma-
lities occurred in four of these specimens. Williams
[1921] describing salpingitis says that as the disease
progresses, the pavilion is always involved and may
be closed, either by adhesions within the funnel or
with the ovary ; the ovary may then become encap-
sulated in the ovarian pocket, and the tube dis-
tended with fluid. Williams denotes the condition
as 'hydrosalpinx'.
He believes the lesion results
from metritis and associates it with cystic corpora
lutea.
The authors' specimens agree with Williams'
description as to the occurrence of metritis in four,
luteal cysts in one and encapsulation of the ovary
in two cases. But, in all five, no obvious inflam-
mation, either past or present could be detected in
the tubes ; the blind ends were usually attached
to the ovary normally whilst, on resection, they
were lined by apparently normal fimbriæ. This
is unlike Quinlan's [1929] description who writes of
'enlongated mucous folds occluding the tube and
forming septa'. Further, whilst in hydrosalpinx
the tubes contain fluid, in four of the present speci-
mens they held gas, which could not be evacuated
into the uterus by pressure. The inflated portion
resembled, in miniature, a child's toy sausage
balloon, and pneumosalpinx seems a more descrip-
tive name.
Three specimens of this lesion were preserved
and are illustrated in Plate X. In one the distension
(bottom right, Plate X, fig. 1) was 34×1.5 cm., both
ovaries were normal and functional, but the last
quarter of the uterine horn on the affected side
was indurated (bottom left, Plate X, fig. 1). In
the second specimen both tubes were affected, the
left terminating in a gas-filled sac like a small walnut
(bottom left, Plate X, fig. 2). The encapsulated
left ovary contained immature follicles. The right
uninflated tube was also blind, its attendant ovary
being functional but encapsulated (the resected
ovaries can be distinguished in Plate X, fig. 2, inside
the curvature of the horns). Metritis was also
present. The blind end of the left tube of the
third specimen was attached to the ovary by a
fibrous cord (right centre, Plate X, fig. 3). The
tip of the horn was indurated and contained a core
(extreme left, Plate X, fig. 3). This tube con-
tained fluid not gas. The attendant encapsulated
ovary was fibrous and afunctional and contained a
cavity about 7 mm. diameter. (Plate X, fig. 3, centre).
The right ovary was functional. Of the two un-
illustrated specimens, the left tubes only were
affected ; in one the left ovary was afunctional,
the right continued a cystic corpus luteum ; in
the other the left ovary was afunctional, but the
right was normal.
Ovarian abnormalities
(a) Abnormal disposition of the ovary. In the
buffalo but not in the cow, the encapsulation of
the ovary varying from a partial enclosure, where
ova might still be discharged, to a total encapsula-
tion was common. In some ovaries, exposed parts
were crossed and recrossed with fibrous cords. In
all but one of these ovaries, corpora lutea indicated
function, but in one (Plate XI, fig. 1) a luteal body
consisted of a thin-walled cavity; Whether (this
ovarian encapsulation resulted from infection of
the fallopian tubes is problematical, because the
tubes of three of the cases were macroscopically
unchanged.
(b) Dermoid tumours. Teratomata were record-
ed in four buffalo ovaries. Three were small pea-
like bodies with a hard shell enclosing a dense
coagulum, sometimes comingled with hairs (Plate
XI, figs. 3, A ànd C). The fourth was like a small
walnut. In. three cases the ovaries were functional ;
in a fourth (unillustrated) the ovarian tissue was
almost replaced by a cyst. Nevertheless, the little
remaining tissue had functioned recently
B