A. K.PAL, S. A. MOMIN ANDD. N.MULLICK 119
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The work described above was carried out at
the suggestion of Dr F. C. Minett, and my thanks
are due to him for his close superivsion and assis-
tance in writing this paper. My thanks are also
due to Mr S. R. Hasan for facilitating research.
It is also a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance
of the following:—Mr Zal R. Kothaualla, Director,
Imperial Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore ;
the Darbars of Bhavanagar and Junagadh States ;
Dr T. J. Mirchandani, Principal, Agricultural
College, Sindh; Mr Shukla, Manager, Charodi
Farm; Mr T. J. Hurley, Director of Veterinary
Services, Madras; Capt. R. W. Littlewood, Hosur;
Mr M. J. Narasimahan, Director of Agriculture,
Mysore; K. B. Dost Mohammad Khan, Jahan-
girabad; Mr Abdul Waheed Khan, Superintendent,
Civil Veterinary
Department,
Rawalpindi
and Lt Cols. Lillies and C. E. McGuckin, Military
Farms. I am equally indebted to Col. S. D. S.
Greval for his guidance in early part of the in-
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STUDIES ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE BLOOD OF FARM ANIMALS IN
INDIA
II. SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE BLOOD OF DAIRY CATTLE
By A. K. PAL, S. A. MOMIN AND D. N. MULLICK, Animal Nutrition Section, Imperial Veterinary Research
Institute, Izatnagar
(Received for publication on 5 January 1945)
IN recent years a good deal of attention has been
given to the composition of blood in relation to
health and disease in animals. It has been shown
that malnutrition and disease often cause changes
i n some blood constituents. A systematic investi-
gation was, therefore, started to establish normal
values for the blood constituents of farm animals,
especially cattle. In Part I of this series of papers
[Mullick and Pal, 1943], an effort was made to
establish normal values for blood and serum
constituents of cattle belonging to different age
groups, sexes, and under different physiological
conditions, namely lactation, accompanied or
not by pregnancy. This paper deals with the
effect of seasonal variations on the morphological
and chemical constituents of the blood and serum
of cattle.
From the relevant literature it is observed that
there is a close relationship between various body
processes and changes of season. Ritzman and
Benedict [1938] found that some seasonal factors
exerted a dominant influence in their standard
metabolism experiments. Brooks [1931] and
Becker and Dix Arnold [1935] reported a close
inverse relation between environmental tempera-
ture and the percentage of butter-fat in cow's
milk. Similar observations were made, in India,
by Sen and Rai Sircar [1944], Seidell and Fenger