NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
Amendments to the Central Provinces and Berar Civil Veterinary
Department Manual.
No. 20, dated Nagpur, the 19th October 1926.
PAGES
14 AND 15.
For the existing paragraphs 68,69,70 and 71 substitute the
following and renumber paragraphs 72 to 94 in this section
as 71 to 93 :—
SECTION VIII.
VETERINARY
ASSISTANT
SURGEONS.
(1) General.
68. In order to provide for the training of local men for
appointment to the subordinate staff, seven scholarships are annually
granted by the Local Government tenable at the Bombay Veterinary
College.
69. The following are the conditions regulating the grant of
scholarships at the Bombay Veterinary College:—
(a) All candidates will be examined by the Veterinary Adviser
to Government, Central Provinces.
(b) Approved candidates are granted a scholarship of Rs. 30
per mensem including house rent for three years with
free tuition and free books.
(c) All students entering the Bombay Veterinary College will
be required to undergo a three years' course with an
examination at the termination of each year.
The
collegiate year shall commence on 15th June and shall
be divided as follows :—
The first session
The short vacation
The second session
The long vacation
...
...
...
...
From 15th June to 14th
October.
From 15th October to
14th November.
From 15th November to
14th April.
From 15th April to
14th June.
(d) The college fee, which is Rs. 60 per annum, is paid by
Government in addition to the scholarship of Rs. 30.
(e) Candidates are also allowed the railway fare to and from
Bombay.
(f) Candidates must ordinarily have passed the School Final
Examination or have obtained a University degree.
(g) Preference will be given to those whose parents are
agriculturists, and who are accustomed to handling
cattle.
(h) Candidates are required to produce a medical certificate
as to their fitness for an out-door life, countersigned
by the Civil Surgeon of the district to which the
applicant belongs.
2
(i) Candidates are selected by the Veterinary Adviser to
Government in consultation with the Superintendents,
Civil Veterinary Department.
(j) Applications should reach the Veterinary Adviser to
Government or the Superintendents, Civil Veterinary
Department, before 31st January, and should give the
candidate's name, age, his father's name, father's
occupation, caste, place of residence, vernacular languages
known by him, and date of passing the School Final
Examination or the date on which the candidate obtained
a University degree. The application should be accom-
panied by the required medical certificate, by copies of
the certificates of examinations passed by the candi-
date and certificates from two gentlemen of position
as to his respectability.
(k) Approved candidates who will be selected in the first week
of March will have to enter into the following agree-
ment:—
(1) That they will not discontinue their studies at the
College except under proper authority ; (2) that
after passing the final examination they will accept
service in the Provincial Subordinate Civil Veterinary
Department of the Central Provinces for not less than
five years ; (3) that failing to abide by the above two
conditions they will repay the expenditure incurred
by Government in connection with their training.
70. Passed candidates will be appointed on probation for six
months as Veterinary Assistant Surgeons in the ordinary grade on
Rs. 60—5/2—100 per mensem. They will not be placed in charge
of a dispensary or be permitted to inoculate cattle until they have
been trained in the methods of inoculation and declared competent to
perform the work independently.
[No. 20, dated the 19th October 1926.]
PAGE 23.
In paragraph 124 substitute the following for the existing
clauses (2) and (3) inserted by amendment No. 8, dated the 1st
September 1919: —
(2) The destruction of horses suffering from infectious diseases
scheduled under the Glanders and Farcy Act, XIII of 1899, shall
be carried out by the agency of the Veterinary Department. Volun-
teers, may, however, be invited from amongst the Police force for
such work on payment of a fee not exceeding Rs. 5 per horse.
(3) The disposal of the carcasses after the animals are destroyed
should be arranged for by the Veterinary Department. The charges
in connection with such disposal, and the payment of the fee to the
police shall be met from the contingent allotments of Deputy
Superintendents, Veterinary Inspectors or the Veterinary Adviser to
Government.
[No. 20, dated the 19th October 1926.]
RAMANUJ PRASAD,
Under Secretary to Government,
Central Provinces.
Govt. Press, Nagpur :—No. 1223, Rev. Secy.—22-10-26—650.
Notes on Vaccination in the
Bombay Presidency
For the Year 1923-24
(With Appendices)
Price—As. 10 Ps. 6
BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS
1924
Copies obtainable from the Superintendent of Government Printing and
Stationery, Bombay, Poona, and from all Agents for the Sale of
Government Publications
OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL
PUBLICATIONS.
IN EUROPE.
CONSTABLE & Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W.C., London.
GRINDLAY & Co., 54, Parliament Street, S.W., London.
P. S. KING & SON, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W., London.
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Ltd., 68-74, Carter Lane, E.C., and 39,
New Oxford Street, London, W.C.
B. QUARITCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W., London.
W. THACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane, London, E.C.
LUZAC & Co., 46, Great Russel Street, London, W.C.
B. H. BLACKWELL, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
DEIGHTON BELL & Co., Limited, Cambridge.
T. FISHER UNWIN, Limited, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W.C.
WHELDON & WESLEY, Ltd., 2, 3 & 4, Arthur Street, New Oxford Street, London, W.C. 2.
EAST & WEST, Ltd., 3, Victoria Street, London, S.W. 1.
ERNEST LEROUX, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Paris.
MARTINUS NIJHOFF, The Hague.
OTTO HARRASSOWITZ, Leipzig.
FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, Berlin.
IN INDIA.
HIGGINBOTHAM & Co., Madras.
V. KALYANARAMA IYER & Co., Madras.
P. R. RAMA IYER & Co., Madras.
THACKER SPINK & Co., Calcutta.
W. NEWMAN & Co., Calcutta.
S. K. LAHIRI & Co., Calcutta.
R. CAMBRAY & Co., Calcutta.
THE ASSOCIATION PRESS, Calcutta.
THACKER & Co., Limited, Bombay.
SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING AND STATIONERY, Poona.
D. B. TARAPOREVALA, SONS & Co., Bombay.
GOPAL NARAYAN & Co., Booksellers, etc., Bombay.
Mrs. RADHABAI ATMARAM SAGOON, Bookseller, etc., Bombay
RAMCHANDRA GOVIND & SON, Booksellers, etc., Bombay.
BOMBAY TRACT AND BOOK SOCIETY, Bombay.
N. B. MATHUR, N. K. H. PRESS, Allahabad.
MANAGER, THE " HITAVADA," Nagpur.
MANAGER, NYAYASHRAYA PRESS, Poona.
RAMA KRISHNA & SONS, Lahore.
SUNDAR PANDURANG (RAMNATH SUNDAR, the Successor), Bombay.
MANAGER, NEW KITABKHANA, Poona.
KARSANDAS NARANDAS & SONS, Booksellers and Publishers, Surat.
N. M. TRIPATHI & Co., Booksellers, etc., Bombay.
MANGALDAS & SONS, Booksellers, etc., Surat.
KING & Co., Bombay.
MANAGER, SHRI SANKAR KARNATAKA PUSTAKA BHANDARA, Dharwar.*
MANAGER, BUTTERWORTH & Co., Ltd., Booksellers, Calcutta.
MANAGER, INDIAN BOOK DEPOT, Bombay.
THE OXFORD BOOK AND STATIONERY COMPANY, Delhi.
THE STANDARD BOOKSTALL, Karachi.
R. S. GONDHALEKAR'S BOOK DEPOT, Poona.
MANAGING PROPRIETOR OF THE S. J. CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY, Booksellers,
Hyderabad, Sind.
*For the sale of official Kanarese publication in the Belgaum, Dharwar, Bijapur and Kanara districts.
INDEX.
NOTES ON VACCINATION FOR THE YEAR 1923-1924.
(Prescribed maximum length 3 pages.)
PAGE.
Selected Districts ... ... ... ...
Changes in Area and Administration ... ... ... ...
Changes among the Staff ... ... ... ...
Retrenchment ... ... ... ...
Primary Vaccination ... ... ... ...
Number of persons vaccinated ... ... ... ...
Increase or decrease in primary vaccination ... ... ... ...
Results in primary vaccination ... ... ... ...
Age and Sex ... ... ... ...
1
1
1
1 & 2
2
2
2
2
2
Re-Vaccination—
Number of persons re-vaccinated ... ... ... ...
Increase or decrease in re-vaccination ... ... ... ...
Results in re-vaccination ... ... ... ...
2 & 3
3
3
Primary and re-vaccinations in Native States—
Number of persons vaccinated ... ... ... ...
Results of primary vaccination ... ... ... ...
Results of re-vaccination ... ... ... ...
Vaccination of Pilgrims at Karachi ... ... ... ...
Total number of operations ... ... ... ...
Incidence of Small-pox ... ... ... ...
Vaccination campaign ... ... ... ...
Anti-vaccination movements ... ... ... ...
Vaccine Institute, Belgaum ... ... ... ...
Cold storage ... ... ... ...
Drainage and water-supply ... ... ... ...
Quality of lymph ... ... ... ...
Quantity of vaccine ... ... ... ...
Expenditure ... ... ... ...
Results of different kinds of lymph ... ... ... ...
Cost of Vaccination ... ... ... ...
Inspection work of Assistant Directors of Public Health and Inspectors
...
Compulsory vaccination
...
...
...
...
Vaccination of children in Municipal towns under one year of age ...
Ill-effects by vaccination ... ... ... ...
The Diagram ... ... ... ...
General Remarks ... ... ... ...
3
3
3
3
3
3&4
4
4
4 & 5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6&7
7
7
7
7
APPENDIX I.
Statement No. I showing the particulars of vaccination in the Bombay
Presidency during the year 1923-1924 ... ... ... ...
10—53
P 2
ii
INDEX
Statement No. II showing the cost of the Department during the
year 1923-1924 ... ... ... ... ...
Statement No. III showing dispensary vaccination during the year 1923-1924...
Statement No. IV showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated and the
number of those persons who were successfully vaccinated in each of the
official years ending 31st March 1915 to 1924 (inclusive) ... ...
Statement No. V showing particulars of vaccination verified by Inspecting
Officers ... ... ... ...
APPENDIX II.
Statement No. I showing the particulars of vaccination in Native States during
the year 1923-1924 ... ... ... ... ...
Statement No. II showing the cost of the Department in the Native States during
the year 1923-1924 ... ... ... ... ...
Statement No. IV showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated and the
number of those persons who were successfully vaccinated in each of the
official years ending 31st March 1915 to 1924 (inclusive) ... ...
APPENDIX III.
Statement showing the number of vaccinations performed in Municipal Towns
on children under one year of age
...
...
...
...
APPENDIX IV.
Diagram showing the portion of population successfully vaccinated during
seven years from 1st April 1917 to 31st March 1924 and the death-rate from
small-pox during 1923-1924.
PAGE.
54—61
62—65
66-67
68-69
70—74
75—78
79—82
83—87
NOTES ON VACCINATION IN THE BOMBAY PRESI-
DENCY FOR THE YEAR 1923-24.
Selected Districts.
1. The control of vaccination in one selected District of each
Registration Circle continued to be exercised by the Local Board of
that District.
Changes in area and administration
2. The municipality of Karachi took over control of vaccina-
tion in Karachi town from the Assistant Director of Public Health,
Sind Registration District, from 1st April 1923 in accordance with
Government Order, General Department, No. 7472, dated 21st June
1921. Control and supervision of vaccination in the Sachin State
has been taken over by the State Authorities from 1st January 1924.
Vaccination of the civil population in the Belgaum Cantonment was
taken over by the Cantonment Committee and placed in the hands
of the Medical Officer in charge of Cantonment Hospital in October
1922, but on the hospital being reduced to the status of a dispensary
there was no staff available for the work and it was, therefore,
handed back to the Public Health Department on 1st June 1923.
In Sind 1,866 villages are said to have been depopulated. The
reporting of results of vaccination in Bushire has been discontinued
at the request of the Residency Surgeon there, for the reason that
" Bushire is a purely Persian town, administered by Persian officials
who keep no records of any kind and the preparation of a return
worth anything is impossible."
Changes amongst staff.
3. During the year under report the office of the Director of
Public Health was held by Lieut.-Colonel H. M. H. Melhuish,
D.S.O., I.M.S., from 1st April to 29th March 1924 and for the
remaining two days by Lieut.-Colonel W.O'S. Murphy, I.M.S.
The 5 Assistant Directors of Public Health were the supervising
officers in the respective Vaccination Districts and the only changes
were transfers inter se. Thus Drs. Dalal and Munsiff were in
charge of the Southern and Western Registration Districts,
respectively, throughout, and for practically the whole year Dr. da
Gama held charge in the Central Registration District and Dr. Pinto
in Guzerat. In Sind Dr. Shiveshwarkar was in charge after 15th
April 1923 prior to which date the Officer in charge Public Health
Laboratory (Dr. F. Barretto) was A. D. P. H. in addition to his
own duties. Dr. R. W. Fisher was Director of the Vaccine
Institute, Belgaum, from 1st April to 25th October 1923, the date
preceding his death, when Dr. Dalal took over.
Retrenchment.
4. Three District Local Boards selected vaccination as the
service in which they could most conveniently economise and one
of them, Thar and Parkar, insisted on reducing their vaccination
P 2—1
2
staff from 13 to 7 thereby leaving large areas without vaccinators'
service for long intervals. It is to be noted that the district in
question is subject to exploitation by unprincipled operators who use
live small-pox virus as vaccine, thus implanting the disease itself.
The saving to the District Local Board as a result of this economy
at the expense of human life and sickness amounts to Rs. 3,936
per annum.
5. Necessary reductions in vaccination staff were the abolition of
the post of Municipal vaccinator for Tatta town from 1st August
1923 (G.R., G.D., No. 4107, dated 20th June 1923) and the reduction
of the large staff of 11 vaccinators (engaged during epidemic
small-pox in 1922) in Aden to 5.
Bhor State strengthened their staff by appointing a candidate
vaccinator.
Primary Vaccinations. (Appendix I, Statements I and III.)
6. Compared with the preceding year, 1923-24 showed an
increase in births that would be expected to result in an increase
in the number of persons primarily vaccinated. On the other
hand, the vaccination figures from Aden show a large drop as the
unprotected persons available for vaccination became exhausted.
On the whole there is a slight decrease; the figure of primary
vaccinations for the year being 631,850 as compared with 633,602
in 1922-23.
Leaving Aden out of consideration the figures for 1923-24 compared
with those for 1922-23 show an increase (from 587,737 to 616,320)
in primary vaccination in all Vaccination Districts and this is
attributable to the prevalence of small-pox in the greater part of the
Presidency. Re-vaccination work also showed increase in all the
Districts except the Southern Registration District where there was
a slight decrease.
Results in Primary Vaccinations.
7. Out of 631,850 vaccinations, 559,329 or 88.52 per cent. were
successful, 1,473 or .25 per cent. were unsuccessful and the results
could not be ascertained in 11.23 per cent. of the cases. Owing to
failure of the first operation 73 persons were operated on a second
time.
Age and Sex.
8. Of the primary vaccinations, 477,082 or 75 per cent. were of
infants under one year of age and 134,508 or 21 per cent. of children
between the ages of 1 and 6 years. By sex, 330,921 were males
and 300,929 females equal to a proportion of 109.97 to 100, a
preponderance of males rather greater than shown in births regis-
tered (108.52 to 100).
Re-vaccinations. (Appendix I, Statements I and III.)
9. 112,268 persons were re-vaccinated against 99,141 in the last
year showing an increase of 13,127. The percentage of successful
3
re-vaccinations was 47.81; the results in 51.23 per cent. (excluded
from this calculation) could not be ascertained.
The increase in re-vaccinations in the Guzerat Registration
District is attributed to the large number of prisoners at the
Sabarmati Central Jail and to the efforts of Missionaries, amongst
their communities at Godhra and Anand during the prevalence of
small-pox in the latter part of the year.
In Sind, two districts show a decrease in work. The reduction in
staff in Thar and Parkar already referred to left Jamesabad,
Sanghar, Chachro, Diplo and part of Khipro Talukas without any
vaccinators while in Sukkur the decrease is attributed to migration
of people from Mirpur, Ghotki and Ubauro Talukas owing to lack of
inundation.
The high percentage of unknown cases in both primary and
re-vaccinations is due to the migratory nature of the population in
Sind and Aden. In Aden specially, it is impossible to estimate the
number of successful cases.
Vaccinations in Native States. (Appendix II, Statement I.)
10. In the Native States 177,881 persons were primarily vacci-
nated against 175,692. The number of successful cases was 174,618
or 98.15. The percentage of success excluding unknown was 99.40.
Re-vaccinations numbered 12,940 against 8,665 in the previous
year. The results were inspected in 75.21 per cent. of these re-
vaccinations and showed a per cent. success rate of 72.82.
Vaccination of Pilgrims at Karachi.
11. The temporary vaccination establishment consisting of one
male vaccinator, one female vaccinator, one clerk and one cooly for
the vaccination of pilgrims proceeding to Hedjaj, vaccinated 7,455
pilgrims against 4,390. Of these 7,133 sailed from the port and the
remaining 322 were indigent, could not purchase tickets and had to
go back to their native places. The total expenditure on vaccina-
tion was Rs. 668-14-10 against Rs. 702-4-0 in the previous year.
Total number of operations.
12. The total number of primary vaccinations including those in
Native States amounts to 809,731 and the total of re-vaccinations
125,208.
Incidence of small-pox.
13. As regards the incidence of small-pox, all the Registration
Districts except the Southern Registration District and Aden
Settlement returned a large number of deaths.
In Guzerat infection was brought from the adjoining Gaikwad
territory. The epidemic first broke out in Kapadvanj Town in
November 1923, but was not reported by the local authorities and
thus remained unnoticed for nearly a month whilst this town and
villages around were fast becoming potent centres of further spread
4
of infection. Surat also was affected early. In Aden, following on
the efficient vaccination campaign, there were only 18 cases of small-
pox of which 16 were imported during the year and there were 6
deaths against 69 in the previous year.
Vaccination campaigns.
14. As usual a special vaccination campaign among school
children in municipal towns and Taluka head-quarters of all dis-
tricts except Surat in the Guzerat Registration District, was carried
out last season by all the Inspectors of Sanitation and Vaccination.
The percentage of inspected children found unprotected was 5.63
which shows an improvement over the figures of the last year.
In the Western R. D. investigation showed that there was growing
indifference to vaccination on the part of the public, particularly
in Khandesh, resulting in a large increase in the number of un-
protected amongst the younger children. Systematic vaccination
campaigns were advised by the Assistant Director of Public Health
and when Dhulia and Malegaon were overtaken by epidemic
small-pox, local bodies took action. The Officers of the Depart-
ment generally used all the means at their command to check the
spread of the epidemic and several local bodies took the matter
up when the enemy ( small-pox) was upon them. The indifference
of the public in many places is impossible to overcome and as an
instance in Kolaba District testifies where the advice and efforts
of local officers and the local body failed to prevail.
Anti-vaccination movements.
15. Organised active anti-vaccination propaganda still continues
in Hyderabad town (Sind). In Surat City also it came to the
notice of the Assistant Director of Public Health, Guzerat Registra-
tion District, that an anti-vaccination campaign was being
conducted by certain persons by distribution of leaflets and
publication of articles in local vernacular papers. The A. D. P. H.
thereupon discussed the situation with the Health Officer and
advised counter propaganda. This advice was acted upon and
there is reason to believe that it succeeded in nullifying the effects
produced by the movement. In spite of such misguiding efforts,
vaccination continues on the whole to maintain its position in the
estimation of the people as a sure defence against small-pox.
Vaccine Institute, Belgaum.
16. The ammonia compressing machine was fitted with an ice
making arrangement to replace the old Co. 2 machine. The new
plant has been successful in making ice sufficient for the various
processes in preparation, purification, etc., of the vaccine lymph.
Repairs were done to the cold store rooms. Government have sanc-
tioned an additional allotment of Rs. 735 for complete lining of
the cold room and ante-room walls of the refrigerating plant
with asbestos sheeting. The work will shortly be taken in hand
by the Electrical Department.
5
The old spare engine installed during the year 1922-23 was
removed by the Electrical Engineer to Government as it did not
carry sufficient load and in its place one Gardner engine of 25 B. H.
P. with a dynamo was installed to carry on in case any of the
two engines struck work.
Water-supply was insufficient in the dry season and the new
well not answering expectation, water carts had to be engaged
to supplement the supply. The drainage system worked well
during the year.
During the year 1923-24, 1,184,957 doses of lymph were issued
from the Institute against 1,172,800, an increase of 12,157 over
1922-23. Zanzibar Government were supplied with 28,000 doses,
Aden with 9,200 and including these a total of 101,302 doses
were issued apart from the supply to contributing bodies.
A vacancy that occurred in the superintending staff in 1922 was
filled by appointing a young veterinary graduate. The advantage
of having a man so qualified to inspect batches of new calves and
attend to any outbreaks of illness amongst the stock is manifold.
There was no epizootic during the year. The quality of vaccina-
tion on the calves was satisfactory. The passage of lymph strains
through rabbits maintained the potency of seed lymph at a high
level. Seed lymphs were supplied to the King Institute, Madras,
and Padukotah State.
Careful selection of vesicles at the time of collection from calves
is the explanation of the Director for the slightly reduced yield
of pulp per calf vaccinated but he adds that it also explains the
compensatory advantage in the way of marked reduction in the
number of lymphs rejected after trial on children. Attempt was
made to test in this way the potency of every lymph manufactured.
The gross expenditure of the Institute for the year 1923-24
amounted to Rs. 60,260-3-8 against Rs. 73,260-13-10. The net
expenditure after deducting sale proceeds from non-contributing
constituents was Rs. 46,474-2-6 against Rs. 58,291-6-11.
The death of Dr. Fisher mentioned in an earlier paragraph is a
grievous loss to the Institute and to vaccination in general.
Lieut.-Colonel Hutchinson, C.I.E., I.M.S., in 1911 after he had him-
self fully established the feasibility of the manufacture and use of
glycerinated calf lymph and of its use in the Presidency in substitu-
tion of the older arm-to-arm and calf-to-arm methods and
when his scheme of an up-to-date Institute had materialized,
selected Dr. Fisher as its first Director. His proposals in this as in
the scheme generally were wisely adopted by Government and Dr.
Fisher to the end devoted his untiring energy and his many talents
to the very special work of his appointment. His conduct of the
Institute and his technical work drew expressions of appreciation
from officials, medical scientists and others. For his work at
Belgaum, his University (Queen's University, Belfast) awarded him
in 1922 the M.D. with gold medal, and a few months before he
went to his Great Reward he received from Government the Kaiser-i-
Hind Medal—2nd Class.