58
No. I.—Result negative :—Blood examined for 103 days.
No. II.—Result negative :—
ditto.
Two Guinea Pigs were inoculated on the 10th November 1893, with 0.3 c.c. of blood each, taken
from the jugular vein of Horse No. XCVI on the day previous to death after 172 grains of Arsenic
had been administered.
No. I.—Result negative :—Blood examined for 34 days.
No. II.—
Ditto.
ditto
55 days.
No. LXXXIX.—Waler Gelding, aged. This animal with Horse No. XCI was sent to the
Veterinary College Hospital, Parel, for the purpose of testing whether Surra could be communicated by
gastric ingestion of rat's excrement with corn. The experiment was commenced on May 6th, 1893, and
continued until September 26th, 1893, when the animal was returned to Poona, not having contracted
the disease. As Horse XCI, which had been subjected to the same treatment, developed Surra the day
after its arrival in Poona, the blood of LXXXIX was microscopically examined, and the temperature, &c.,
recorded daily in order to see whether it would eventually develop any symptoms. As, however, the animal
remained in good health up to 24th November, four ounces of soiled blood, containing swarms of hæmatozoa
taken from the heart of horse No. XCVII immediately after death, were administered by gastric ingestion
on that date. The latent period occupied six and a half days. Treatment was commenced the same
evening, consisting of Arsenic as Liquor Arsenicalis, in grs. iv doses, increasing rapidly to 12 grains daily.
After a paroxysm of 5 days, during which time the hæmatozoa were very numerous, they disappeared from
the blood. The Arsenical treatment was continued for 65 days, 454 grs. of Arsenic being administered.
At this period the animal showed an aversion to the Arsenic in this form. For this reason, and as pre-
vious experience pointed to the fact that Arsenic by itself did not in some cases destroy the resting or
immature form of the hæmatozoon, the Double Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury was substituted, as it was
known that the Iodide of Mercury does not form an albuminate, and consequently the whole of the salt
would be available. The Iodides were continued for a period of 106 days, in order to ensure the absolute
destruction of the immature form. In all 1,822.75 c.c. or 288 grains each of the Tri-iodide of Arsenic and
Bin-iodide of Mercury were given. Thirty-three weeks after the medicine had been discontinued, the animal
was in good health and condition; and no hæmatozoon had appeared in the circulation for 423 days or
over 15 months. For six and a half months during this period the animal averaged 4.5 miles' walking
exercise daily. As it did not thrive on gram, barley (boiled) was given in its place, with the most satis-
factory results, the animal rapidly putting on flesh. At a later date this horse was utilized to discover
whether one attack of Surra protects against a second attack of the same disease.
(iii).—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT, SUBSEQUENT INOCULATION, ARSENIC.
No. XCVIII.—Australian mare, aged. After a period of observation lasting 22 days, during which
daily observations were recorded of the water drunk, urine passed, and total urea excreted, the animal
was submitted to a course of Arsenic in the form of Liquor Arsenicalis with a view to determine the
efficacy of subjecting an animal to the drug, sufficient to cause the full physiological effects, previous
to submitting it to experimental inoculation with Surra.
The first dose was given on the evening of March 28th, 1894, and the administration of the chemical
was continued until the morning of the 21st May 1894. Three hundred and twenty point seven grains
in all were administered during a period of 54 days, or a daily mean of nearly 6 grains. At 5 P.M. on the
latter date the animal was inoculated over the left scapular region with 0.7 c.c. blood containing a large
number of hæmatozoa taken from a Guinea Pig immediately after death. The latent period occupied
five days. As no protection was conferred by the Arsenic, which in this case averaged only 6 grains
daily instead of at least ten, owing to symptoms of gastric irritation supervening, a treatment of Iodide
of Arsenic and Mercury was adopted, but this had to be abandoned for a like cause to the above. The
animal succumbed on the 51st day of the disease, during which six paroxysms lasting 27 days and five
intermissions lasting 24 days occurred.
Autopsy.—Body fairly nourished. No œdema of the extremities.
Thorax.—Free from fluid and pleural adhesions. Lungs healthy.
Pericardium.—Few drachms of a straw-coloured fluid in the sac.
Heart, 5 lbs. 10½ ozs., presents a healthy appearance externally and on section.
Abdominal cavity free from fluid. Liver weighs 13 lbs. 3½ ozs. Tissues dark on section. Spleen
3 lbs. 6¼ ozs., nearly double normal weight, few sub-capsular petechiæ. On section tissues firm and
apparently healthy. Kidneys.—Right 1 lb. 14½ ozs., left 1 lb. 10½ ozs., capsules strip easily, on section
vessels injected, and Malphigian tufts prominent.
Stomach.—The cuticular portion presents several patches rose pink in colour; villous portion the
mucous membrane along the line of demarcation and spreading towards the pyloric extremity, is bright
crimson in colour.