NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
( 5 )
The results of re-vaccination by districts for three years are shown below.—
TABLE No. 6.—Showing district results in re-vaccination (special establishment
only, Melghat excluded) for three years compared.
District.
Amraoti
...
Ellichpur
...
Wun
...
Basim ...
Akola
...
Buldana ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ..
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ..
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
Result.
Successful.
18
303
305
41
509
733
11
239
70
58
63
211
6
331
169
18
88
217
Unsuc-
cassful.
20
297
711
22
232
1,174
21
619
721
53
62
304
29
495
636
8
47
148
Unknown.
1
87
247
5
132
171
7
109
101
9
8
82
1
296
320
7
13
32
Percentage to total vaccinated.
Successful
44.1
24.1
60.3
58.3
35.2
28.2
24.0
7.8
48.3
47.3
35.3
16.6
29.5
15.0
54.6
59.4
54.6
Unsuc-
cessful.
51.3
43.2
56.3
32.4
26.6
56.5
53.8
65.1
80.9
44.1
46.6
50.9
80.5
44.1
56.5
24.2
31.8
37.3
Unknown.
2.6
12.7
19.6
7.3
15.1
8.2
18.0
10.9
11.3
7.5
6.0
13.8
2.9
26.4
28.5
21.2
8.8
8.1
The percentages of success obtained varied from 54.6 in the Buldana dis-
trict and 35.2 in Ellichpur to 15 in Akola and 7.8 in Wun. These rates would
indicate that superintendents differ as regards the criterion of success to be
recorded as successful. The results of re-vaccination should be similar to the per-
fect results of primary vaccination, but usually this standard of perfect success
is not attained, and the results are more or less modified by the influences of
previous vaccination, and these modified results are too often set down as success-
ful by the inexperienced or careless vaccinator.
As compared with the record of previous years, there has been improve¬
ment in recording these results except in the Buldana district, to which the
superintendent's attention will be drawn.
The number of unknown or unverified cases in re-vaccination will neces-
sarily be higher than in primary work, which is carried on almost entirely
amongst infants, who can generally be found in the village, whilst the re-vacci-
nated, being adults, are not so easily got together for inspection.
The rates for districts should, however, approximate more closely. The
mean percentage of unverified cases by vaccinators for the province was 14.9,
ranging from 28.5 in the Akola district to 8.1 in the Buldana district.
Caste of those vaccinated.
8. The following statement shows the num-
ber of primary operations according to class:—
B-164-2
( 6 )
TABLE No. 7.—Showing the caste of those primarily vaccinated (special establishment only,
Melghat excluded) for three years compared.
District.
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur..
Wun ...
Basim
...
Akola ...
Buldana ...
Year.
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90...
Total persons vaccinated.
Total.
19,964
21,218
19,326
8,678
8,939
8,443
13,835
14,286
14,607
13,554
13,010
13,866
16,248
18,088
16,169
15,379
16,599
15,088
Christians.
11
31
11
...
...
1
...
...
1
3
28
5
7
9
8
...
...
...
Muhammadans.
1,125
1,351
1,179
702
793
746
316
441
376
534
523
488
906
1,123
863
757
797
735
Hindus.
18,828
19,836
18,136
7,976
8,146
7,696
13,519
13,845
14,230
13,017
12,459
13,373
15,835,
16,956
15,298
14,622
15,802
14,353
Proportion per cent.
to total vaccinated.
Christians.
.05
.1
.06
...
...
.01
...
...
.007
.02
.2
.04
.04
.05
.05
. . .
...
...
Muhammadans.
5.6
6.4
6.1
8.1
8.9
8.8
2.3
3.08
2.6
3.9
4.02
3.5
3.5
6.2
5.3
4.9
4.8
4.9
Hindus.
94.3
93.5
93.8
91.9
91.1
91.1
97.7
96.9
97.4
96.0
95.7
96.4
96.4
93.7
94.6
95.1
95.2
95.1
Children vacci¬
nated, per cent.
of population.
Christians.
3.0
8.5
3.0
...
...
.5
...
...
.8
2.8
26.1
4.7
1.8
2.3
2.1
...
...
...
Muhammadans.
2.7
3.2
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.6
1.8
2.5
2.2
2.7
2.3
2.5
1.8
2.3
l.8
2.5
2.6
2.4
Hindus.
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.9
2.8
3.1
2.8
3.6
3.8
3.5
The above table shows that there were primarily vaccinated 26 Christians,
4,387 Muhammadans, and 83,086 Hindus, the percentages to total vaccinated
being respectively .03, 5, and 94.9. As regards each district, Muhammadans
have a lower percentage than Hindus in all, especially in the Wun and Basim
districts.
Calculated upon the population figures according to class, protection was
afforded at the following rates per cent. of population :—
Christians.
1.9
Mnhammadans.
2.3
Hindus.
3.4
The above goes to show that Hindus accept vaccination more readily than
Muhammadans.
Ages of those successfully vacci-
nated.
9. Of the ages of those successfully vaccinated, 69,266 were infants under
one year of age, 13,582 children between 1 and
6 years, and 969 persons over 6 and adults.
Thus, out of every 100 persons successfully vaccinated, there were 82.7
infants, 16.2 children between one and six, and 1.1 of other ages.
From the following table, which contrasts the ages of the successfully
vaccinated and the proportion per cent. of the population protected for three
years, it will be seen that though there has been a slight decrease in the number
of infants successfully vaccinated, yet the proportion of infants protected has
increased as compared with the two previous years by 2.7 and 2.8 respectively.
( 7 )
TABLE No. 8.—Showing the age of those successfully vaccinated—primary (special
establishment only, Melghat excluded).
District.
Amraoti
...
Ellichpur
...
Wun
...
Basim
...
Akola
...
Buldana
...
Total ...
Year.
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ..
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-80 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
1887-88 ...
1888-89 ...
1889-90 ...
Number of those successfully
vaccinated.
Under 1 year.
14,856
16,253
15,098
7,706
7,949
7,606
11,099
11,137
11,674
9,239
8,670
10,126
13,303
14,469
12,780
11,437
11,803
11,982
67,642
70,281
69,266
1 to 6.
4,582
4,241
3,596
690
722
550
2,219
2,234
2,077
3,468
3,553
3,015
2,173
2,630
2,170
3,006
3,264
2,174
16,138
16,644
13,582
All other
ages.
186
239
162
42
43
62
120
393
282
214
266
153
80
215
114
282
752
196
922
908
969
Proportion per cent. to total suc-
cessfully vaccinated.
Under 1
year.
75.7
78.4
80.1
91.3
91.2
92.5
82.6
80.9
83.2
71.5
69.4
76.1
85.6
83.5
84.8
77.7
74.6
83.5
79.9
80.0
82.7
1 to 6.
23.4
20.4
19.1
8.2
8.3
6.7
165
16.2
14.8
26.9
28.5
22.7
13.9
15.2
14.4
20.4
20.6
15.2
19.1
19.0
16.2
All other
ages.
.9
1.2
.8
.5
.5
.8
.9
2.8
2.0
1.6
2.1
1.2
.5
1.3
.8
1.9
4.8
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.1
The rate of infantile protection varied from 92.5 in the Ellichpur District
to 76.1 in the Basim district.
In the latter district the proportion of children protected between 1 and 6
is highest.
The amount of protection afforded by vaccination as gauged by the avail-
able number of infants protected is shown in the following table.
The available number of infants is calculated by deducting the registered
deaths of children under one year from the registered births, and though not
absolutely correct, yet it affords approximate data for gauging the protection
afforded.
TABLE No. 9.—Showing protection afforded by infantile vaccination for three years compared
(special and dispensary establishment, Melghat excluded).
District.
Amraoti
...
Ellichpur
...
Wun
...
Basim
...
Akola
...
Buldana
...
Years.
1887 ...
1888 ...
1889 ...
1887 ...
1888 ...
1889 ...
1887 ...
1888 ...
1889 ...
1887 ...
1888 ..
1889 ...
l887 ...
1888 ...
1889 ...
1887 ...
1888 ...
1889 ...
Registered
births.
25,170
25,813
24,103
10,775
10,528
9,928
13,516
14,946
14,433
13,798
13,848
13,550
22,923
23,064
21,841
19,965
20,191
19,925
Registered
deaths under
one year.
4,504
4,320
5,630
2,533
2,031
2,359
2,693
2,061
2,880
3,189
2,348
3,841
4,599
4,003
5,109
4,229
4,060
4,994
Children
available for
vaccination.
20,666
21,493
18,473
8,242
8,497
7,569
10,823
12,885
11,553
10,609
11,500
9,709
18,324
19,061
16,732
15,736
16,131
14,931
Infants
successfully
vaccinated.
16,057
17,773
16,570
8,571
8,903
8,414
11,703
11,839
12,359
9,692
9,351
10,788
14,426
16,186
14,391
12,289
12,895
13,131
Ratio per
cent. of avail-
able children
protected.
77.6
82.6
89.7
103.9
104.7
111.1
108.1
91.8
107.2
91.3
81.3
111.1
78.7
84.9
86.0
78.1
79.9
87.9
( 8 )
It will be observed that there were 75,653 successfully vaccinated children
and 78,967 registered births, less the deaths of infants under one year of age,
and that infantile protection fell short of the available number by 3,314 or 4.3
per cent.
In the Ellichpur, Wun, and Basim districts more children are shown to have
been protected than the estimated number available.
This may be attributed in part to less accurate registration of births, and in
part to the mortality-rate for infants being lower than in the other three dis-
tricts of the province.
Sex of those vaccinated.
10. Of the sex of those vaccinated by the special establishment, 49,250
were males and 44,601 females, the proportion to
total vaccinated being for males 52.4 and for
females 47.6, compared with 52.1 and 47.9 in 1888-89 and 51.1 and 48.9 in
1887-88.
The census tables of 1881 show the relative proportion of the sexes to be
51.6 for males and 48.4 for females per cent. of total population, so that rela-
tively, with reference to the population, more males were vaccinated than females
by 1.6 per cent.
Proportion of population sucessfully
vaccinated.
The number of persons successfully vaccinated per 1,000 of the popula-
tion is shown in the following table, compared
with the preceding two years : —
TABLE No. 10.—Showing protection afforded to population (special and dispensary
establishment, Melghat excluded) for three years compared.
District.
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ...
Basim ...
Akola ...
Buldana ...
Total ...
Population.
575,328
271,150
392,102
358,883
595,472
437,083
2,630,018
Number of successful
operations.
1887-86.
121,143
9,327
14,258
13,617
16,938
15,947
91,230
1888-89.
22,944
10,299
15,023
13,503
19,759
17,341
98,869
1889-90.
20,900
9,847
14,985
14,326
17,148
15,967
93,173
Proportion per 1,000 of the
population protected.
1887-88.
36.8
34.4
36.4
37.9
28.4
36.5
34.7
1888-89.
39.9
37.9
38.3
37.6
33.2
39.6
37.6
1889-90.
36.3
36.3
38.2
39.9
28.8
36.5
35.4
Registered birth-rate per
1,000 of population.
1887-88.
43.7
41.1
34.4
38.4
38.4
45.6
40.5
1888-89,
44.8
40.2
38.1
38.5
38.7
46.2
41.3
1889-90.
41.9
37.9
36.8
37.7
36.6
45.6
39.6
The rate of protection afforded during the year under report was 2.2 per 1,000
less than in the previous year, but .7 per 1,000 more than in 1887-88, The
rates for the three years is respectively 35.4, 37.6, and 34.7 per 1,000 of popula¬
tion.
Vaccination in Melghat.
12. During the latter portion of the season of 1888-89 two vaccinators
were engaged temporarily in the Melghat owing
to the ravages caused by small-pox in this tract
of country and to the special establishment being able to spare no vaccinator
for this extraneous duty.
The work commenced on the 14th February and closed on the 30th of
June 1889.
The operations performed up to 31st March were included in the returns
for 1888-89, and those for the remainder of the period in the returns now
submitted.
( 10 )
The total number vaccinated by Hospital Assistants during the year was
8,346, as compared with 9,144 in the previous year and 6,847 in 1887-88.
In primary vaccination there was a falling-off of 956 operations, but an in-
crease under re-vaccination of 158. The falling-off was general in each district,
and is chiefly attributable to an unhealthy year, lowering the fecundity of the
people and raising the mortality of infants.
In estimating dispensary work the proportion of the population or of the
births protected should be taken, and not the actual numbers operated on, for
dispensary work is entirely confined to the town or village where the dispensary
is situated, so that the numbers available annually for vaccination depend on
the population of the place.
District results.
14. The following table contrasts the district rates per 1,000 of population
protected by primary vaccination at dispensary
towns for two years:—
TABLE No. 12.—Showing proportion of population protected at dispensary
towns.
Districts.
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ... ...
Bapim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
Population of
dispensary
towns.
43,545
19,050
22,119
31,746
73,106
42,292
231,858
Number of succeeful
operations.
1858-89.
1,908
763
1,020
951
1,066
1,434
7,742
1889-90.
1,739
653
882
821
1,539
1,398
7,032
Proportion per 1,000
of the population pro-
tected.
1888-89.
43.8
40.0
46.1
29.9
227
33.9
33.3
1889-90.
39.9
34.2
39.8
25.8
21.0
33.0
30.3
Registered birth-rate
per 1,000 of popu-
lation.
1888-89.
45.1
39.5
42.3
37.1
359
41.9
40.3
1889-90.
43.5
37.0
39.4
38.2
34.7
40.9
38.9
NOTE. — Akola and Ellichpur towns omitted.
The best protection in dispensary vaccination was afforded in the Amraoti
district, where the average proportion of the population successfully protected
by primary vaccination reached 39.9 per 1,000, Wun comes next with 39.8 per
1,000, and Basim and Akola come lowest with 25.8 and 21 respectively.
The results obtained in dispensary vaccination are shown below, contrasted
with the figures of the two previous years :—
TABLE No. 13.—Showing percentage of success in Dispensary Vaccination for
three years
compared.
District.
Amraoti ... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun
... ...
Basim. ... ...
Akela ...
Buldana ...
Total ...
Percentage of succesful primary
Vaccination.
1887-88.
91.7
95.1
98.6
95.5
92.0
90.8
933
1888-89.
96.0
96.7
98.9
95.6
92.4
96.7
955
1889-90.
959
95.9
99.5
98.2
92.1
97.2
95.7
Percentage of success in
re-vaccination.
1887-68.
76.9
...
100.
85.9
...
...
83.6
1888-89.
50
61.5
24.9
50.6
...
50
393
1889-90.
31.1
36.5
51.3
36.8
31.9
46.6
36.3
It will be seen that of the total persons operated (7,771), 95.7 per cent. were
successful, as against 95.5 in the previous year and 93.3 in 1887-88.
( 11 )
The results in re-vaccination ranged from 51.3 in the Wun district to 31.1
in Amraoti, the average for the provinces being 36.3 as compared with 39.3 and
83.6 respectively in the two previous years. The high percentage shown
against Wun is calculated on only 39 cases, too small a number on which to
work an average.
The rtaios returned for the other districts are more uniform and are appa-
rently more reliable than in previous years.
Results of works in Berar and other
provinces compared.
15. The following table compares some of the results of the work per-
formed by the special vaccination and dispensary
establishments in Berar with that of other pro-
vinces in India.
Comparing Berar with the Central Provinces, it will be seen that, though
the proportion of population protected is less by 61, yet the mean death-rate
of small-pox is also less, the rate for Berar being .28 as gainst .43 in the Central
Provinces.
TABLE No. 14—Showing vaccination results obtained in each province in India in 1888-89
as compared with Berar for 1889-90.
Province.
Bengal ... ...
North-Western Provinces ...
Punjab ... ...
Central Provinces ... ...
Berar ... ...
Burmah ... ...
Assam ... ...
Madras ... ...
Bombay ... ...
Berar for 1889-90 ...
Number of
operations
Performed by
each vaccina¬
tor.
758
1,128
3,267
1,734
2,288
1,659
629
986
1,883
2,234
Ratio of suc-
cess in prima-
ry vaccina-
tion.
99.44
92.74
95.17
95.96
96.40
86.14
91.80
95.20
95.13
95.79
Proportion of
population
protected.
29.51
15.14
40.84
37.51
36.90
19.79
25.38
24.40
34.07
* 35.40
Percentage of
births esti-
mated at 40
per 1,000 of
population
sucessfully
vaccinated.
11.5
17.9
59.4
46.8
73.1
10.0
11.1
13.3
58.0
71.9
Mean death¬
rata from
small-pox for
five years.
.12
1.69
.68
.43
.28
.51
.57
1.10
.24
.20
* Dispensary vaccination included.
Inspection work of Superintendents
of Vaccination.
16. The following table shows the inspec-
tion work performed by District Superintendents
of Vaccination:—
TABLE No. 15,—Showing inspection done by District Superintendents of Vaccination during
1889-90.
District.
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ...
Basim ...
Akola
...
Buldana
Name of Superin-
tendent.
Moorad Ally...
Ajaj Hoossaiu..
Gungadharum..
Gangadhar ...
Ramkrishna.
Trimbuck Pan¬
durung Ram¬
rathan.
Dinker Narayen
Number of
days out of
head-
quarters
for inspec-
tion.
111
226
203
163
108
178
No. of miles
travelled.
1,653
1,780
1,887
744
1 669
2,026
No. of vil-
lages
visited.
642
424
610
677
281
806
No. of
children
inspect oil.
10,750
7,982
7,252
9,732
4,595
11,755
Percentage
of villages
visited to
total in
which
work was
performed.
65.5
96.1
56.4
84.5
32.5
95.6
Percentage
of cases
verified to
total
operations.
52.2
75.9
46.8
67.2
26.5
75.9
( 12 )
It will be seen that the proportion of villages visited by Superintendents in
which work was performed was 68.6 per cent., and the percentage of cases
verified to total operations 70.4, as compared with 59. and 60. respectively in
the previous year.
The greatest number of children was inspected by the Buldana and Amraoti
Superintendents, viz., 11,755 and 10,750 respectively ; the least number inspected
was in the Akola District, where the children inspected were only 4,595, owing
to the bad health of the Superintendent already referred to.
The percentage of work verified was highest in the Ellichpur and Bul-
dana Districts, with 75.9-per cent., and these two districts also head the list as
regard the percentage of villages visited, in which work was performed, the
percentages being respectively 96.1 and 95.6. This record is very creditable
to the Buldana Superintendent, Mr. Dinker Rao, whose district is the third
largest both as regards area and population.
Ellichpur is the smallest district in the province, still Mr. Ajaj Hoossain
also deserves credit for the almost complete protection he has given it, which is
borne out by the statistics of deaths from small-pox. The average recorded
mortality from this disease in the Ellichpur district for the past five years is
.02 per thousand, or only 30 deaths in the aggregate for the whole period.
There has been marked improvement in the Basim district. Superintend-
ent Gangadhar Ramkrishna himself inspected 9,732 cases, as compared with his
predecessor, Syed Abdul Kureem, in the previous year. This Superintendent
was newly appointed at the beginning of the season, and a still better record
may be looked for next year, when he will have become better acquainted with
his district.
The Buldana Superintendent shows the most travelling and Wun and
Ellichpur come next, the number of miles travelled during the season being
respectively 2,026, 1,887, and 1,780.
On the whole the total number of children inspected is more than last
year, and in the discharge of their duties the Superintendents worked zealously
and conscientiously.
Dispensary vaccination work inspect¬
ed by Civil Surgeons.
17. The dispensary inspection work done
by Civil Surgeons is shown below :—
TABLE No. 16.—Showing number of Children verified by Civil Surgeons at Dispensaries
for two years compared.
District.
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ...
Basim ...
Akola ...
Buldana ...
Civil Surgeons in l889-90.
Dr. Roe ... ...
Drs. Doyle and Greany and
Apothecary Hendricks ...
Apothecary Morrison ...
Dr. Jones ... ...
Dr. Reilly ... ...
Apothecary Montgomery ...
Total ...
No. of cases inspected.
1888-89.
916
.469
834
716
356
840
4,131
1889-90
1,018
360
754
651
768
926
4,507
Percentage of cases
verified to total opera¬
tions.
1888-89.
47.1
41.6
71.1
66.7
15.5
56.7
498
1889-90.
56.5
34.9
83.3
69.1
35.5
64.1
57.2
Out of a total number of 8,346 persons vaccinated, 4,507 were verified by
Civil Surgeons, or 57.2 per cent. of operations, as compared with 49.8 in the
previous year. Most inspection work was done in the Wun District, where Mr.
( 14 )
As compared with the preceding year, there was a decrease in cost of
establishment of Rs. 305-8-3, and an increase under travelling allowance and
contingencies of Rs. 45-13-9 and Rs. 143-3-9 respectively.
The difference in cost of establishment is due to savings under that head,
and the increase in contingencies to the renewal of vaccine appliances.
Average cost of each successful case.
20. The average cost of each successful
case was annas 3-1, or 2 pies more than in
1888-89 and similar to that for 1887-88.
The cost of each successful case was more in all districts, except Basim,
than for the previous years. This exception is attributable to a saving under
establishment, the permanent vacancy of Superintendent not having been filled
up for four months.
Lymph.
21. Animal lymph was kept up in each district for the greater portion of
the year and renewed by retro-vaccination when
required. The subjoined table shows the propor-
tion in which the different kinds of lymph was used during 1889-90 :—
TABLE No. 18.—Showing the proportion in which different kinds of lymyh was used
during 1889-90.
Districts.
Amraoti ... ... ... ...
Ellichpur ... ... ... ...
Wun ... ... ... ...
Basim ... ... ... ...
Akola ... ... ... ...
Buldana ... ... ... ...
Total ...
Proportion per cent. of children
vaccinated with
Animal
lymph.
19.5
28.0
45.2
32.8
41.8
82.5
41.0
Arm to
arm.
28.7
19.8
19.0
19.2
18.5
3.1
18.6
Points.
51.6
52.2
35.8
47.9
39.7
14.4
40.4
Tubes.
.1
...
...
...
...
...
...
In the end of December orders were issued to Superintendents to use animal
lymph as far as possible to the exclusion of all other kinds of lymph. The result
of this order is that out of a total of 87,499 operations, 41 per cent. were per-
formed with animal lymph, 40.4 with humanized lymph on points, and 18.6 per
cent. from arm to arm.
In the Buldana district animal lymph was used in the proportion of 82.5
per cent. of operations, and Mr. Dinker Rao deserves commendation for his zeal in
giving effect to the orders on the subject. Wun and Akola come next, with
45.2 and 41.8 respectively, while Ellichpur and Amraoti are last, with only 28
and 19.5 per cent., which is not altogether creditable to the Superintendents
concerned, though it must be said for them that they experienced difficulty in
obtaining calves. In this matter the Buldana Superintendent applied for aid to
the Deputy Commissioner, which was afforded him.
Conduct of staff.
22. The conduct of the staff was, on the
whole, good and satisfactory.
The Superintendent of the Basim District, Mr. Syed Abdul Kureem, died of
cholera during the year; the vacancy was filled by the promotion of head vacci-
nator Gangadhar Ram Krishna. One vaccinator also died during the year,
one pensioned, one dismissed, and twenty-two fined. Four apprentices were
entertained.