NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Submission of annual vaccination statements ... ... ... ...
Establishment ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Vaccination work in dispensary towns transferred from Medical Officers to the Special
Vaccination Establishment ... ... ... ... ...
Statement No. I.—Showing particulars of vaccination during the year 1801-92 ...
Re-vaccination ... ... ... ... ... ...
Proportion of population protected ... ... ... ...
Statement No. II.—Showing the cost of the department during the year 1891-92
Statement No. III.—Dispensary vaccination ... ... ... ...
Statement No. IV.—Showing the number of persons primarily and successfully vaccin¬
axed. ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Lymph supply ... ... ... ... ... ...
Compulsory vaccination... ... ... ... ... ...
Names of those who rendered assistance to the Vaccination Department
...
Para.
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B—112
No. 27 OF 1892.
FROM
SURGEON LIEUTENANT-COLONEL C. LITTLE, M. D.,
Sanitary Commissioner, Hyderabad Assigned Districts,
To
COLONEL K. J. L. MACKENZIE,
Commissioner, Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
DATED AMRAOTI, 14th May
1892.
SIR,
I have the honour to submit the annual vaccination statements for the
year 1891-92 with the required explanatory notes thereon.
Establishment.
2. The sanctioned establishment of the de-
partment remained unchanged throughout the
year.
Vaccination work in dispensary
towns transferred from medical
officers to special vaccination estab-
lishment.
3. Under the permission of the Resident, as conveyed in Secretary's letter
No. 2127,dated 2nd June 1891, the work of vaccin-
ation in dispensary towns was transferred from
medical officers to the special vaccination estab-
lishment.
This change was necessitated owing to the introduction of bovine, to the
exclusion of humanized lymph, medical officers being practically unable to
keep up a supply of animal lymph ; it was also, on other grounds, desirable that
the responsibility for the efficient protection of these towns should be centred in
the Vaccination Department.
Medical officers, however, are not prevented from vaccinating any one who
may require the operation at their hands ; and vaccinators have been instructed
to comply with all requisitions for lymph from medical officers.
Statement
No.
I—Showing
particulars of vaccination during
the year 1891-92.
4. The total number of operations performed in the province throughout the
year amounted to 128,856, or 14,694 in excess
of last year's figures. In 1890-91 the outturn of
work aggregated 114,162 and in 1889-90 103,672.
Of the total number of operations 98,403 were cases of primary and 30,453
of re-vaccination, as compared with 97,651 and 16,511 respectively in the previ-
ous year.
In primary vaccination the percentage of success was 95.2 and in re-
vaccination 29.4. For the previous year the ratios were 94.9 for primary and
30.8 for re-vaccination.
The number of operations performed by the special staff increased from
103,796 in 1890-91 to 126,536 in the year under review, and the average number
performed by each vaccinator rose from 2,471 to 3,013, and beats the record of
any previous year's individual work. The increase, in a measure, is due to dispen-
sary towns having been included within the area of work; but whether the figures
for these towns be excluded or included, the aggregate number of operations was
more in 1891-92 than in 1890-91.
The number of primary operations was 96,597 as against 89,473 in the
previous year.
B-112
( 3 )
figures may be accepted as approximately representing the criterion of success-
obtainable, having regard to authenticated results elsewhere.
In civil practice, there is no statistical record of re-vaccination to serve as
a standard of comparison ; but in the British Army, the rate of perfect success
attained, when the system of re-vaccination commenced, was 26 per cent. In his
review of the last two vaccination reports the Resident remarked on the diminu-
tion of the percentage of successful re-vaccinations in Berar, as compared
with the record of the Prussian Army, and directed that the matter should be fur-
ther referred to in future reports.
I have been unable to obtain any recent statistics of the German Army in
this connection, nor are similar statistics for the British Army available in my
office. I have, however, compiled the following tables from the information
within my reach, showing the percentage of success in re-vaccination in 2,973
cases, carefully examined by Native Superintendents for the purpose, compared
with the results attained in the Wurtemberg and British Armies :—
Wurtemberg Army...
British Army ...
Berar ...
Year.
1831-35
1861
1891-92
Total cases.
13,861
2,053
2,973
Ratio per cent. of result in re-vaccination.
Perfect success.
29.5
36.0
27.8
Modified
success
26.9
33.1
21.8
No success.
43.4
30.7
51.3
Classified according to the marks of previous vaccination, the results were as
under :—
Wurtemberg Army, 1831-35—
(13,861 cases)
...
British Army, 1861 -(2,580 cases)
Berar, 1891-92—(2,978 cases) ...
Degree of success
of re-vaccination
Perfect
...
Modified
...
None
...
Perfect
Modified ...
None ...
Perfect ...
Modified ...
None ...
Of cases with good
marks or previous
vaccination.
31.0
28.0
40.9
48.4
15.7
35.8
34.1
16.0
51.9
Of cases with in¬
different marks or
previous vaccina¬
tion.
28.0
25.9
46.0
23.6
50.5
25.7
21.6
27.2
50.7
A comparison of these figures would, in the first instance, indicate that the
recorded results for Berar may be accepted as relatively accurate, and in the
second instance they demonstrate the importance of re-vaccination, seeing
that 34 out of every 100 persons who bore good marks of previous vaccination
developed perfect vaccine vesicles.
It does not necessarily follow that all these 34 would have taken small-
pox if exposed to infection, though, on the other hand, it may be accepted that
they were liable to contract the disease against which re-vaccination is such per-
fect protection.
In my report for 1889-90,I alluded to the experience of re-vaccination in
the Prussian Army extending over 24 years, which began in 1833 with a ratio of
( 5
)
Vaccination in Berar has come to that point when fluctuations in the num-
ber of primary operations will mainly depend upon prosperous seasons or the
reverse, as they affect the fecundity of the people.
Lymph supply.
10. Animal lymph was used exclusively
during the year.
During the rains calf vaccination was allowed to die out. In September
animal lymph was obtained from Bombay. Lanoline vaccine-paste was manufac-
tured at Amraoti head-quarters, and a supply sent out to vaccinators, with
which they started work, operating upon a few children with the paste, from
them infecting calves, and then keeping up the supply from calf to calf, or by
retro-vaccination.
There was little difficulty in obtaining calves or young buffaloes, and no
opposition in the way of religious prejudice was met with.
Compulsory vaccination.
11. The question of compulsory vaccination in municipal towns is still un-
der the consideration of municipalities. I believe,
however, that the Municipal Committees of Akola,
Shegaon, Khamgaon, Akot and Basim have re-
solved to apply to the Resident to sanction the introduction of Act XIII of 1890
Names of those -who rendered as-
sistance to the Vaccination Depart-
ment.
12. The following native gentlemen materially assisted the department in
promoting vaccination, and I beg to bring their
names to the favourable notice of the Resident:—
List of officials and non-officials who rendered assistance to the cause of
vaccination during 1891-92.
District.
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Name of official.
Gopal Rao, Manakekar, Head
Clerk, Registration Office,
and Member of the Munici-
pality of Amraoti.
Sheshachellum, Tahsildar of
Dariapur.
Girrao Ramchandra, Tahsildar
of Ellichpur.
Amroot Rao, Patel of Raypura,
a part of the Ellichpur City.
District.
Amraoti ...
„
Basim ...
Akola ...
Name of non-official.
Yeswant Govind Kcskar, Editor
of Promodha Sindoo, and Mem-
ber of the Amraoti Municipa-
lity.
Navayen Singh, a Member of the
Local Committee at Karanja.
Naik Ramchandra, Gosawi Bha¬
orat of Umari, in the Mungrul
Pir Taluk.
Hassu Baba, Honorary Magistrate
of Akot.
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
C. LITTLE, M.D.,
Sanitary Comr., Hyderabad Assigned
Districts.
B-112-4
APPENDICES.
B-112—A
( 2 )
A—VACCINE DEPARTMENT.
STATEMENT No. 1.—Showing particulars of Vaccination in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts during the year 1891-92.
Number.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Districts.
2
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ...
Basim ...
Akola ...
Buldana ...
Total of Dis-
tricts ...
Total
work
performed by
Medical Sub-
ordinates ...
Total of Pro-
vince ...
Population of district according to
census of 1891.
3
655,645
268,767
471,613
398,181
574,782
481,021
2,850,009
...
...
Average population per square mile.
4
237
276
121
134
216
171
192
...
...
Average number of vaccinators
employed throughout the season
Total number of persons
vaccinated.
Male.
Female.
Total.
5
9
4
7
6
9
7
42
...
...
18,931
9,537
11,001
9,949
11,879
12,494
73,791
...
...
12,099
5,368
8,372
8,057
9,155
9,694
52,745
...
...
31,030
14,905
19,373
18,006
21,034
22,188
126,536
2,320
128,856
Average number of persons vac¬
cinated by each vaccinator.
7
3,448
3,726
2,768
3,001
2,337
3,170
3,013
...
...
Primary vaccination.
Total.
8
22,456
10,184
14,834
13,731
18,394
16,998
96,597
1,806
98,403
Successful.
Under 1 year.
9
17,826
8,802
11,714
10,368
14,348
12,891
75,949
1,533
77,482
Over 1 and under 6
years.
10
3,966
849
2,126
2,398
2,357
3,056
14,752
198
14,950
Total of all ages.
11
22,062
9,779
14,081
12,923
16,794
16,255
91,894
1,737
93,631
Re-vaccination
Total.
12
8,574
4,721
4,539
4,275
2,640
5,190
29,939
514
30,453
Successful.
13
2,290
1,429
1,794
1,179
570
1,513
8,775
190
8,965
Percentage of
successful cases
Primary.
14
98.2
96.0
94.9
94.1
91.3
95.6
95.1
96.2
95.2
Re-vaccination.
15
26.7
30.2
39.5
27.5
21.6
29.1
29.3
36.9
29.4
Persons successfully vaccinated
per 1,000 of population.
16
38.1
42.3
34.0
35.5
31.5
37.3
36.0
...
36.0
Average annual
number of
persons success-
fully vaccinated
during previous
5 years.
Number.
17
21,167
9,823
14,807
13,843
8,040
16,578
94,258
...
94,258
Ratio per 1,000.
18
32.3
36.5
31.4
34.8
31.4
34.5
33.
...
33.
Average annual
No. of deaths
from small-pox
during previous
5 years.
Number.
19
136
10
80
130
151
149
656
...
656
Ratio per 1,000.
20
.21
.03
.16
.32
.26
.31
.23
...
.23
( 3 )
A.—VACCINE DEPARTMENT.
STATEMENT No. II.—Showing the Cost of the Department in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts during the year 1891-92.
Number.
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
Circles and Dis-
tricts.
2
Amraoti ...
Ellichpur ...
Wun ...
Basim ...
Akola
Buldana
Office Establish-
ment
Total of Province.
Establishment.
Superintendent
General.
3
...
...
...
...
...
...
1
1
Superintendents
of Cirees.
4
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Deputy Superin¬
tendents.
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Native Superin-
tendents.
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
Vaccinators.
Head Vac-
cinators .
7
1
...
2
...
1
1
...
5
1st Class
Vaccinators.
8
3
1
...
1
...
...
...
5
2nd Class
Vaccinators.
9
4
2
1
1
3
1
...
12
3rd Class
Vaccinators.
10
1
1
4
4
5
5
1
21
Apprentices
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
...
6
Chaprasees and
other servants.
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
Expenditure.
Pay of Establish-
ment.
13
Rs.
3,191
2,049
2,414
1,924
3,007
2,481
1,026
16,095
a.
6
10
0
8
8
2
14
3
p.
2
5
8
7
1
6
11
4
Travelling Allow-
ance.
14
Rs.
38
a.
1
p.
0
...
...
...
6 8 0
...
...
44 9 0
Contingencies.
15
Rs.
86
86
86
86
86
86
a.
11
10
11
10
11
11
p.
0
11
0
11
0
0
...
520 1 10
Total Cost.
16
Rs.
3,316
2,136
2,500
2,011
3,100
2,567
1,026
16,659
a.
2
5
11
3
11
13
14
14
p.
2
4
8
6
1
6
11
2
Paid from
Imperial Funds.
17
Rs.
3,316
2,136
2,500
2,011
3,100
2,567
1,026
16,659
a.
2
5
11
3
11
13
14
14
p.
2
4
8
6
1
6
11
2
Provincial Funds.
18
.
...
...
...
...
...
...
Local Funds.
19
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Municipalities.
20
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Native States.
21
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Total.
22
Rs.
3,316
2,136
2,500
2,011
3,100
2,567
1,026
16,659
a.
2
5
11
3
11
13
14
14
p.
2
4
8
6
1
6
11
2
Number of all successful
vaccination and re-vac-
cination.
23
Rs.
24,352
11,208
15,875
14,102
17,364
17,768
...
1,00,669
Average cost of each
successful case.
24
Rs.
0
0
0
0
0
0
a.
2
3
2
2
2
2
p.
2
0
6
3
10
3
...
0 2 7
( 4 )
B.—DISPENSARY VACCINATION.
STATEMENT No. III.—Showing Dispensary Vaccination in the Hyderabad Assigned Districts during the year 1891-92.
Districts.
1
Amraoti
... ...
Ellichpur ... ...
Wun ... ...
Basim ... ...
Akola ... ...
Buldana ... ...
Total ...
Number of dis-
pensaries in each
district to which
a vaccinator is
attached.
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Average num-
ber of vacci-
nators attach-
ed to Dispen-
saries during
the season.
3
...
...
...
...
1
...
1
Total num-
ber of per¬
sons vacci-
nated.
4
649
176
235
35
1,014
211
2,320
Average num-
ber of person
vaccinated by
each vaccina-
tor.
5
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Primary vaccination.
Total.
6
610
162
195
25
603
211
1,806
Successful.
Under 1
year.
7
531
145
123
15
538
181
1,533
One and
under 6.
8
77
14
46
...
36
25
198
Total of
all ages.
9
608
159
175
15
574
206
1,737
Re-vaccination.
Total.
10
39
14
40
10
411
...
514
Successful.
11
9
7
3
5
166
...
190
Percentage of success¬
ful cases.
Primary.
12
99.7
98.15
89.7
60.0
95.2
97.6
96.2
Re-vaccina-
tion.
13
23.1
50.
7.5
50.
40.4
...
36.9
( 5 )
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT No. IV. — Showing the number of persons primarily vaccinated, and the number of those persons who were successfully vaccinated in the
Hyderabad Assigned Districts, in each of the undermentioned official years.
Establishment.
Government ....
Dispensaries ...
Municipalities...
Melghat ...
Total ...
Persons primarily vaccinated.
Total
No.
No.
success-
fully
vacci-
nated.
1880-81.
80,083
5,392
...
...
85,675
69,406
4,897
...
...
74,303
Total
No.
No.
(success-
fully
vacci-
nated.
1881-82
90,056
5,211
...
...
95,269
80,930
4,624
...
...
85,554
Total
No.
No.
success¬
fully
vacci¬
nated.
1882-83.
103,517
6,492
...
...
110,009
95,080
5,685
...
...
100,765
Total
No.
No.
success¬
fully
vacci-
nated.
1883-84
78,994
6,984
94
...
86,072
73,453
6,258
82
...
79,793
Total
No.
No.
success¬
fully
vacci¬
nated.
1884-85.
92,920
7,535
515
...
100,970
88,615
6,781
409
...
95,805
Total
No.
No.
success-
fully
vacci-
nated.
1885-86.
91,056
6,483
...
...
97,539
87,105
5,922
...
...
93,027
Total
No.
No.
success-
fully
vacci-
nated.
1886-87.
86,898
7,226
...
...
94,124
83,554
6,672
...
...
90,226
Total
No.
No.
success-
fully
vacci-
nated.
1887-88.
87,658
6,749
...
2,318
96,725
84,702
6,294
...
2,122
9,3118
Total
No.
No.
success¬
fully
vacci¬
nated.
1888-89.
92,140
8,727
...
358
101,225
88833
8,339
...
340
97,512
Total
No.
No.
success-
fully¬
vacci¬
nated.
1889-90.
87,499
7,771
...
1,475
96,745
83,817
7,442
...
392
9,265
Total
No.
No.
success-
fully
vacci-
nated.
1890-91.
89,473
8,178
...
...
97,651
85,119
7,576
...
...
92,695
Total
No.
No.
success¬
fully
vacci-
nated.
1891-92
96,597
1,806
...
...
98,403
91,894
1,737
...
...
93,631
B-112—B
( 2 )
6. In paragraph 10 of the notes the Sanitary Commissioner states that" dur-
ing the rains calf vaccination was allowed to die out" without giving a reason for
this step. Was it allowed to die out on account of the climatic conditions ?
7. In conclusion the Resident tenders his cordial thanks to Dr. Little for
his energetic supervision of the department, and he also desires that his recogni-
tion of their services may be conveyed to the gentlemen named in the twelfth
paragraph of the notes. A separate application should be submitted for sanction
to the payment of the usual rewards to the three vaccinators who have done the
best work during the year.
(By order,)
G. R. IRWIN,
Secretary for Berar.
REPORT
ON
VACCINATION
IN THE
HYDERABAD ASSIGNED DISTRICTS
FOR THE
OFFICIAL YEAR 1892-93.
BY
SURGEON-MAJOR CHARLES LETHBRIDGE SWAINE, M.D., M.C.
Hyderabad :
PRINTED AT THE RESIDENCY GOVERNMENT PRESS.
1893.
Price one rupee per copy.
CAMP NO. 210 OF 1893-94.
FROM
COLONEL K. J. L. MACKENZIE,
Commissioner, Hyderabad Assigned Districts,
To
THE SECRETARY FOR BERAR TO THE RESIDENT,
Hyderabad.
Dated Camp Chikalda, the 22nd June 1893.
SIR,
I have the honor to submit Sanitary Commissioner's Vaccination Report for
1892-93. It reached me late yesterday only, due, the Sanitary Commissioner
reports, to a miscarriage of his post, which was not recovered for eight days.
II. Work during the year reported on, vide paragraphs 3 and 4, shows a
satisfactory increase, the increase of establishment being only two vaccinators.
Under primary vaccination there was an increase of 3,371 cases, and under re-
vaccinations 13,655 cases.
There was a very slight fall, paragraph 5, in the percentage of successes in
primary vaccination, 94.7 against 95.1 in the year previous, and a somewhat
larger fall in the percentages of re-vaccinations, 24.8 against 29.3 ; but as the
percentage in " unsuccessfuls" was better, 44 against 46 per cent., this fall is
due really to a rise in "unknowns". Re-vaccinations increased in all districts, and
the results under " Primary" would have been better but for failure in Amraoti
and Buldana, explained in paragraph 6.
III. The practical result of work in this department is well shown in para-
graph 13. Berar compared with the other nine Governments and Provinces of
India, Burmah being counted as Upper and Lower, it seems that
1stly, each Berar vaccinator on the average vaccinated 3,316. In the
Punjab, the next highest, but 2,718 cases per man is done, and results tail
down to Bengal with its 625 cases per vaccinator.
2ndly, in the ratio of successes Berar stands fourth with 94.5. Bengal
and the Central Provinces, who head the list, followed by Bombay and the
Punjab, being credited with 99.43 and 96.40 per cent. respectively; Lower
Burmah is the lowest with 85.21.
3rdly, in proportion of population protected Berar comes second with
its 37.0 per cent., the Central Provinces showing 38.25. In Upper Burmah
the percentage is 14.37. And
4thly, in the percentage of births to every 1,000 of population protected,
Berar heads the list with 66.4, in Assam the percentage goes as low as 9.9.
IV. It is unnecessary for me to follow the details of working given by the
Sanitary Commissioner, paragraphs 7 to 12 of his report inclusive.
It is satisfactory, however, that such a good beginning has been made in
the Melghat (paragraph 12), and if hill men inured to the climate can be
trained as vaccinators, regular results will be obtainable. At first start our
hill people through fear begotten of ignorance were obstructive, but having
seen the immunity those vaccinated have when small-pox is about, they
are now anxious and ready to bring their children forward. At Gossur close
B-870
( 2 )
to Akola (the Sanitary Commissioner has told me) there was an outbreak of
small-pox and 25 persons were attacked. None of these had been vaccinated,
and none who had been vaccinated contracted the disease. Facts like these
tend to overcome obstruction and convert people more readily than any preach-
ings of officers.
Mahomedans and Marwarees, residents chiefly in our municipal towns, who
ought to be enlightened, are—see paragraph 19—the most obstructive.
Regarding table 8, page 5, I may perhaps give the caution that column 6,
" infants successfully vaccinated," includes, I believe, some who have died. This
accounts in places for the total in that column exceeding the number in column
previous, "children available for vaccination," and also accounts for the ratio of
percentage in the last column in places exceeding 100. As this table is drawn
professedly to show the protection afforded by infantile vaccination, it appears
to me anomalous to include the dead who have passed beyond protection.
We only want to know the facts as to the living; the table should, I think, be
recast.
V. The work of inspection, paragraph 14, was satisfactorily performed.
VI. The rules under the Compulsory Act for municipal towns are under
consideration, and till they are got out, the Act remains a dead-letter. But for
the attitude of certain classes in these towns—see paragraph 4 above and 19 of
the report—compulsion would not be necessary.
VII. I hope the Resident will commend the services of those of the establish-
ment named in paragraph 21 and of officials and non-officials named in paragraph
22, and that he will be pleased to sanction the special reward proposed of Rs.
30 to each of the six vaccinators named.
VIII. The Resident is aware that Surgeon-Major Swaine, who has given
his best attention to this important branch of his duties during the period he has
been in charge of the year under report, succeeded to ground well prepared by
Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Little, who, though absent on furlough, deserves to
be remembered. It is to Dr. Little's painstaking care and interest for several
years past that the main credit is due for such excellent results as are now
apparent.
I have the honor to be,
Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
K. J. L. MACKENZIE, COLONEL,
Commissioner, Hyderabad Assigned Districts.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Para.
Season's work started with lanoline paste ... ... ... ...
Two extra vaccinators for Melghat ... ... ... ... ...
Work of all establishments for three years compared ... ... ...
Results ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Work by districts ... ... ... ... ... ...
Results by districts ... ... ... ... ... ...
Class of those vaccinated ... ... ... ... ...
Ages of those successfully vaccinated and proportion per cent. to total successfully vac-
cinated ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Sex of those vaccinated ... ... ... ... ... ...
Results by class of those vaccinated ... ... ... ... ...
Proportion of population protected ... ... ... ... ...
Results of work in Berar and other provinces compared ... ... ...
Inspection by Superintendents of Vaccination ... ... ... ...
Total expenditure ... ... ... ... ... ...
Small-pox mortality diminished by vaccination ... ... ... ...
Small-pox mortality and successful operations ... ... ... ...
Successful primary operations compared since commencement of vaccination ... ...
Attitude of the people ... ... ... ... ... ...
Compulsory Vaccination Act ... ... ... ... ...
Establishment ... ... ... ... ... ...
Names of those who assisted in promoting vaccination
...
... ...
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
B-119