NationalLibraryOfScotland/medical-history-of-british-india huggingface dataset:
268
Studies in the Transport of Milk in Warm Condition
TABLE II
Bacteriological data on milk at various stages
Sample
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
1
2
3
4
6
6
Average
1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
1
2
3
4
5
6
Average
Raw milk
Bact/
ml.*
3,270,000
670,000
460,000
750,000
2,630,000
1,820,000
1,600,000
160,000
302,000
87,000
146,000
440.000
140,000
212,500
3,800,000
2,900,000
280,000
860,000
530.000
900,000
1,562,000
300,000
60,000
400,000
960,000
520,000
410,000
442,000
Milk heated
to 150ºF, for 30
minutes.
M. B. R. †
time in
minutes
45
165
90
165
135
115
119
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
126
163
175
120
133
105
137
140
220
190
180
130
180
173
Bact/
ml.
340
1,720
50
690
570
8,100
1,912
3,600
10,300
4,700
6,600
21,000
4,600
8,470
21,900
37,000
1,800
2,600
3,200
3,300
11,630
1,100
1,500
10,800
7,100
36,000
4,900
10.200
M. B. R.
time in
minutes
485
405
390
375
340
285
380
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
355
320
340
335
385
250
331
420
480
450
450
420
450
445
Milk heated to 150ºF, for 30 minutes, imme-
diately cooled to 50°F. and stored at 48º-
50°F for the period of
8 hours
Bact/
ml.
350
1,610
190
290
420
7,900
1.790
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
M. B. R.
time in
minutes
330
330
300
300
270
260
298
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
16 hours
Bact/
ml.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5,700
13,000
5,700
3,500
3,700
5,300
6,150
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
M. B. R.
time in
minutes
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
240
260
302
215
300
205
254
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
20 hours
Bact/
ml.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
23,000
4,000
18,000
15,000
16,000
3,200
13,200
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
M. B. R.
time in
minutes
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
215
250
220
189
208
200
214
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Milk heated to 150ºF. for 30 minutes and then
Kept at 150°F. for the
period of
8 hours
Bact/
ml.
210
410
110
240
790
8,200
1,660
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
M. B. R.
time in
minutes
330
330
300
300
270
—
306
—
—
—
—
—
—
——
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
——
—
—
—
—
16 hours
Bact/
ml.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3,950
1,700
5,600
2,100
2,750
4,400
3,400
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
M. B. R.
time in
minutes
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
335
335
306
313
355
280
321
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Kept between 130º -150º F.
for the period of
4 hours
Bact/
ml.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.700
2,400
16,000
5,200
12,800
1,600
6,600
M. B. R.
time in
minutes
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
320
390
365
370
340
375
360
8 hours
Bact/
ml.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,200
3,800
7,500
7,000
—
6,700
5,240
M. B. R.
time in
minutes
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
280
380
355
360
335
360
343
Kept at room tempera-
ture(80º-90º F.) for the
period of
3 hours
Bact/
ml.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.300
31,000
30,000
8,000
4,400
16,000
18,700
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
M. B. R.
time in
minutes
—
—
—
——
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
220
220
284
246
240
175
231
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6 hours
Bact/
ml.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
52,000
460,000
310.000
100,000
49,000
286,000
209,000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
M.B.R.
time in
minutes
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
70
120
115
130
125
95
109
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
* Bact/ml. indicates the number of bacteria per ml. or milk at 37°C. on standard milk agar.
†M. B. R. stands for metnylene blue reduction.
K. K. DESAI, G. S. THAKRE AND K. C. SEN 269
TABLE III
Results of fermentation
tests
Sample
number
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Row milk
B. coli*
1 : 100
1 : 100
1 : 10
1 : 100
1 : 100
1 : 100
1 : 1000
1 : 10
1 : 100
1 : 1
1 : 100
1 : 10
1 : 1000
1 : 1000
1 : 10
1 : 1000
1 : 1000
1 : 1000
1 : 1000
1 : 10
1 : 1000
1 : 1000
1 : 1000
1 : 1000
Fermen-
tation
SG.SW.SC†
G.SW.SC
NG.NW.SC
SG.SW.SC
G. W.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
NG.W.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
VSG.VSW.SC
VSG.VSW.SC
VSG.VSW.SC
SG.SW.SC
VSG.VSW.SC
VSG.VSW.SC
Milk heated
to 150ºF. for
30 minutes
Fermen-
tation
XG.NW.SC
SG.SW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
NG. SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.VSW.SC
NG.VSW.SC
NG.VSW.SC
NG.VSW.SC
NG.VSW.SC
NG.VSW.SC
Milk heated to 150°F.for 30 minutes.
immediately cooled to 48°-50°F. and
stored at 48°-50°F. for the period of
8 hours
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
16 hours
—
—
—
—
—
—
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
20 hours
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
NG.W.SC
NG.W.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
—
—
—
—
—
—
Milk heatedto 150°F. for 30 minutes and then
Kept at 150ºF. for the
period of
8 hours
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.SW.SC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
16 hours
—
—
—
—
—
—
NG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
SG.SW.SC
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Kept between 130º -150º F.
for the period of
4 hours
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
8 hours
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.NW.SC
Kept at room temperature
(80º-90º F.) for the period
of
3 hours
—
—
—
—
—
—
–
—
—
—
—
—
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
—
—
—
—
—
—
6 hours
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.SW.SC
NG.NW.SC
NG.SW.SC
—
—
—
—
—
—
* This is used to denote presence of Ji. coli. in the dilution mentioned in the columns.
1 ml. of milk after heating and after the storage periods.
†SG„ Slight gas ;
G., Gas ;
†SW., Slight separation of whey ;
NG.,
No
gas ;
†SC, Solid curd meaning no gas holes and NW., No separation of whey;
sluiakiug;
Further results of the presence of Ji. coli are not given since they were found absent even in
VSG., Very slight gas ;
VSW., Very slight separation of whey ;
W., Separation of whey.
272
The Fatty Acid Components of Indian Buffalo Ghees
TABLE I(B)
Saturated esters
Fraction
S1 . . . .
S2
.
.
.
.
S3
.
.
.
.
S4
.
.
.
.
S5. . . . .
S6. . . . .
S7
.
.
.
.
S8
.
.
.
.
S9
.
.
.
.
S10 . . . .
S11 . . . .
S12 . . . .
S13 . . . .
S14 . . . .
S15 . . . .
B. pt. at
2 mm. from
(°C)
79
97
116
126
134
139
139
143
147
157
163
167
169
168—falling
Residue
Temp. of
middle
(ºC.)
156
162
166
168
171
174
176
183
196
202
205
206
207
210
..
Weight
(gm.)
0.653
0.900
1.328
2.019
3.527
2.794
3.664
6.710
7.716
8.645
9.235
10.056
6.715
3.539
2.980
70.481
Percentage
of total
esters
0.42
0.58
0.85
1.30
2.27
1.80
2.35
4.31
4.96
5.55
5.93
6.46
4.31
2.27
1.92
45.28
M. Wt.
244.8
250.0
256.8
262.9
266.1
272.7
271.9
276.8
274.7
279.9
282.9
287.2
290.8
294.9
296.2
I. V.
4.62
3.47
2.85
2.90
3.60
5.72
8.25
9.62
10.84
13.82
16.01
19.50
16.84
22.52
20.61
M. Wt. of
saturated
esters
(by cal-
culation)
242.4
249.5
255.2
262.0
265.0
271.1
269.5
274.3
271.6
277.1
279.9
284.7
289.6
294.4
296.3
TABLE I(C)
Unsaturated esters
Fraction
U1 . . .
U2 . . .
U3 . . .
U4 . . .
U5 . . .
U6 . . .
U7 . . .
U8 . . .
U9 . . .
U10 . . .
U11 . . .
U12 . . .
U13 . . .
U14 . . .
U15 . . .
U16 . . .
B. pt. at
2 mm. from
(ºC.)
87
109
120
129
138
146
150
153
154
157
160
161
161
166
166—falling
Residue
Temp.of
middle
(ºC.)
176
178
180
182
184
187
189
192
199
203
207
208
211
216
218
. .
Weight
(gm.)
0.652
0.636
1.021
1.460
1.836
1.946
2.368
4.100
3.379
1.927
3.861
4.318
2.573
2.997
2.818
6.262
42.154
Percentage
of total
esters
0.42
0.41
0.66
0.94
1.18
1.26
1.53
2.63
2.18
1.24
2.48
2.77
1.62
1.93
1.79
4.23
27.07
M.Wt.
244.7
247.5
257.2
267.8
279.9
285.3
286.8
283.8
290.9
290.9
295.0
295.4
294.3
294.1
298.4
301.7
I.V.
30.11
32.89
39.21
52.57
64.80
67.70
77.78
76.37
78.79
80.71
83.20
85.09
85.57
87.10
87.50
88.60
Molecular weight of satura-
ted esters (by cal-
culation)
M. wt. Of.
fully
saturated
281.3
286.8
288.6
285.5
292.7
292.8
296.9
297.4
296.3
296.1
300.5
303.8
246.3
251.2
259.4
267.7
H atoms
required
for full
saturation
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
2.1
I.V.of C 18
and C 20
esters
74.44
73.96
85.19
86.66
82.68
84.55.
83.95
85.51
86.82
88.80
..
..
Total weight of esters = 43.084+70.481+42.154
= 155.719 or 155.7 gm.
DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF SURRA IN INDIA
By.B. C. BASU, D. Sc., Imperial Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar
(Received for publication on 29 October 1945)
(With three text-figures)
THE data, which form the subject of this note, were
obtained from directors of veterinary services of
provinces and states and pertain to a period of three
years from January 1940 to December 1942. The
figures are shown in Table I.
A map (Fig. 3) has been prepared from these
figures showing the intensity of surra in various
parts of India. Of the Indian States, only Hydera-
bad, Baroda, Gwalior, Alwar, Travancore and Mysore
furnished detailed information; Kashmir sent some
figures, but no details were available; no informa-
tion was available from the remaining Indian States
or from Ajmer. It will be seen from the map that
many infected areas are isolated, in reality they may
have been found to be continuous with the main
areas if more detailed information had been avail-
able; that is, discontinuity of distribution in most
cases is probably more apparent than real. The
map also gives the impression that the disease is
more prevalent in the areas where rainfall is scanty
and the camel population is high. Unfortunately
almost no information is available from Rajputana,
a camel-rearing area with scanty rainfall. It will
also be seen that the disease is prevalent through-
out India.
FIG. 1. Seasonal inoidenoe of surra in India—bovine, equine, other and total—1940-1942
277
278
Distribution and Seasonal Incidence of Surra
TABLE I
Surra cases (January 1940 to December 1942)
Province or State
Assam . . .
Bengal . . .
Bihar . . .
Orissa. . .
Madras . . .
Central Provinces .
Bombay . . .
Sind
...
Punjab . . .
United Provinces .
N.-W. Frontier Pro-
vince.
Ajmer. . .
Hyderabad. . .
Kashmir. . .
Travancore. . .
Rampur . . .
Patiala . . .
Jaipur . . .
Bikaner . . .
Udaipur . . .
Jind . . .
Mysore . . .
Baroda . . .
Gwalior . . .
Alwar . . .
Bovines
4
0
22
21
265
55
50
37
491
10
0
. .
28
?
0
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
0
21
0
0
1,004
Equines
205
7
43
58
92
74
371
404
4,537
160
33
. .
39
?
0
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
0
13
26
7
6,069
Camel,
etc.
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
67
4,343
480
0
. .
0
?
0
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
0
0
19
0
4,913
Total
210
7
65
79
357
132
421
508
9,371
650
33
. .
67
67
0
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
0
34
45
7
12,053
On request, separate figures of the incidence of
surra in equines, bovines and others (camels, etc.)
were obtained. These figures have been set out
graphically to show the actual seasonal prevalence
of bovine, equine, other (camel etc.) and total surra
(Fig. 2). In the case of bovine surra, the curve
is at a low level from January to June; from July
it rises, reaching a peak in August and falls again
in October with a slight rise in November, after
which it falls again. In the case of equine surra
the curve is at a low level from January to July;
from August it rises reaching a peak in October
after which it continues to fall till December. With
camel, etc., the curve is at a low level from January
to July; from August onward it rises, reaching a
peak in September and gradually falls until December.
There are thus peaks in three different months with
the three surra groups (Fig. 2). Of course, this
does not provide a conclusive proof that bovines,
camel, etc. are serving as healthy reservoirs for the
acute equine surra.
From the composite graph (Fig. 2) showing total
of bovine, equine and other surra cases it will be
seen that the curve is at a low level between January
and July; from August it rises, reaching a peak in
September and then declining until December.
Clearly therefore, as with malaria, surra also has a
seasonal incidence, as may be expected. This has
been represented in Fig. 3, which shows the total
surra cases in the Punjab for 1940-42 and malaria
cases for 1900-1908 of a city in that province [taken
FIG. 2. Seasonal incidence of surra and malaria in the Punjab
B.
C.
BASU
279
E
280
N. D. KEHAR AND R. CHANDA
from a report by Christophers (1911)]. It will be
seen that the rise and fall in the number of surra
cases coincide exactly with that of malaria cases.
SUMMARY
1. From data so far available, the regional dis-
tribution; of surra in India has been mapped. The
Punjab shows a heavy incidence of the disease.
2. The occurrence of surra is seasonal. The peak
period for bovine surra is in August, for equine surra
it is October, and for others (camel, etc.) it is in
September. In the aggregate, surra reaches its
highest seasonal incidence in September.
3. The seasonal curve of surra and human malaria
in the Punjab coincide.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks are due to the directors of veterinary
services for help in providing incidence figures.
REFERENCE
Christophers, S. R. (1911). Sci. Mem. Med. Sanit. Dept. Ind.
46
INVESTIGATIONS ON FAMINE RATIONS
MANGO-SEED KERNEL
By N. D. KEHAR and R. CHANDA, Animal Nutrition Section, Imperial Veterinary Research Institute,
Izatnagar
(Received for publication on 6 August 1945)
ACCORDING to a recent estimate, the concentrates
available in India are sufficient for only 29.1 per
cent. of the adult bovine population. This does not
take into account the requirements of growing
animals, of equines and of the 47.9 million sheep
and 37.7 million goats. Although, during post-war
developments, it is considered that there will be an
all-round increase in the yield of foodgrains and
fodder, it will be some time before developmental
plans can materialize. In view of the keen shortage
of feeding-stuff for livestock the nature of which in
times of famine has been described by Kehar [1944],
it was considered desirable to investigate whether
mango-seed kernel could be utilized for feeding
animals during scarcity periods.
It may be pointed out that mango-seeds are at
present thrown away as waste and, according to a
rough estimate, the amount available may be about
two million tons per annum, which would yield
about one million tons of the kernel. Besides, the
mango is popularly styled ' king of fruits ' and its
plantation is increasing every year. Mango-seeds
collected from waste heaps were broken and the
kernel chemically analysed (Table I).
TABLE I
Composition of mango-seed kernel
Crude protein
....
Ether extract
....
Fibre
Nitrogen-free extract . . .
Total ash .
.
.
.
Total . .
Calcium (Ca)
....
Phosphorus (P)
.
.
.
8.50
8.85
2.81
74.49
5.35
100.00
0.190
0.298
These values may be compared with those of some
common grains (Table II).
TABLE II
Composition of some common grains
——
Mango-seed kernel .
Barley . . .
Maize . . . .
Oats .
.
.
.
Rice .
.
.
.
Wheat . . .
Corn* . . .
Rye* . . .
Crude
protein
8.30
9.48
11.11
10.07
8.33
9.65
8.60
8.30
Ether
extract
8.85
1.67
4.39
6.55
0.88
1.27
3.60
1.30
Fibre
2.81
5.23
1.90
12.71
0.38
2.41
2.00
0.60
Nitrogen-
free
extract
74.49
79.09
80.66
65.88
89.13
84.70
63.00
77.30
Ash
5.35
4.53
1.94
4.79
1.28
1.97
1.30
0.90
Calcium
(Ca)
0.19
0.18
0.01
0.11
0.16
0.23
0.01
0.02
Phosphorus
(P)
0.30
0.37
0.41
0.41
0.21
0.41
0.25
0.29
*American figures
Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part. IV]
PLATE XIV
FIG. 1. Standard wool samples showing varying percentages of medullation as seen under benzol.
From left to right
1st row
2nd row
5
60
15
70
30
80
40
90
50
100
Note. The authors regret that owing to non-availability of suitable material a photograph could
not be prepared to the desired standard.
FIG. 2. Field outfit for the rapid test of medullation in wool.
PLATE XV
[Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part IV
FIG. 1. Typical case of paralysis
FIG. 2. Enlargement of liver and spleen
FIG. 3. Liver studded with tumours
Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part IV]
PLATE XVI
FIG. 5. Enlargement of kidneys
FIG. 6. Enlargement of right sciatic nerve
FIG. 7. (Left) Normal shanks ; (Right) Enlargement of shanks bones
PLATE XVII
[Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part IV
FIG. 9. Section of liver showing cellular
infiltrations of portal tracts
FIG. 8. Section of liver showing cellular infiltra-
tion in parenchyma
FIG. 10. Section of enlarged
sciatic nerve
FIG. 11. Higher magnification of Fig. 10
showing cell, infiltration
Indian J. vet. Sci., Vol. 15, Part IV]
PLATS XVIII
FIG. 1. Nodules on face and neck
FIG. 2. Squamous lesion on ears
FIG. 3. Diffuse acute lesion
FIG. 4. Demodex caprae in all developmental
stages (×57)
Sulfanilamide Therapy in Bovine Mastitis
291
TABLE 1
Bacterioidal properties of sulfanilamide on Streptococcus agalactiae determined by the cup-plate test
Hrs. incubation
of Petri dish
with sulfanilamide
before
subculturing
24
.
.
.
.
43
72
.
96
.
120 . . . .
Inhibition Zone
Hrs. incubation
of Petri dish with
sulfanilamide before
subculturing
14
48
. . . .
72
.
.
.
96
120 . . . ..
Inhibition Zone
STREPTOCOOCUS AGALACTIAE CULTURE
1A
No. bacteria
per plate
438
2*
—
—
—
—
—
20
b**
+
+
+
+
+
mm.
4380
a
+
—
—
—
—
18 1
4A
No. bacteria
per plate
575
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
20 mm.
b
+
+
+
+
+
mm.
5750
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
15 mm.
1B
No. bacteria
per plate
141
a
—
—
—
—
—
12
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
mm.
1410
a
+
+
+
+
+
6 mm
4B
No. bacteria
per plate
430
b
+
+
+
+
+
18 mm.
b
+
+
+
+
+
m.
4300
a
+
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
12 mm.
1C
No. bacteria
per plate
400
a
—
—
—
—
—
15
b
+
+
+
+
+
mm.
4000
a
+
+
+
+
+
8 m
090R
No. bacteria
per plate
560
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
28 mm.
b
+
+
+
+
+
01.
5600
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
25 mm.
2A
No. bacteria
per plate
80
a
—
—
—
—
—
15
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
-r
mm.
V-8
800
a
—
—
—
—
—
10 m
No. bacteria
per plate
144
b
+
+
+
+
+
20 mm.
b
+
+
+
+
+
m.
1440
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
20 mm.
3B
No. bacteria
per plate
251
a
+
—
—
—
—
15
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
mm.
2510
a
+
+
+
+
+
5 mi
K-151A
No. bacteria
per plate
106
b
+
+
+
+
+
25 mm.
b
+
+
+
+
+
n.
1060
a
+
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
18 mm.
3C
No. bacteria
per plate
80
a
—
—
—
—
—
20
b
+
+
+
+
+
mm.
800
a
+
—
—
—
—
15 m
F-12a-4
No. bacteria
per plate
348
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
25 mm.
b
+
+
+
+
+
m.
3480
a
—
—
—
—
—
b
+
+
+
+
+
16 mm.
*a=Resutslts of subcultures made from Cup-Plate at 10 mm. from edge of cup.
**b=Results of subcultures made from Cup-Plate at 30 mm. from edge of cup.
+ = Viable organisms present.
— = No viable organisms.
292
J. C. KAKAVAS
are shown. Although the final results were com-
parable to those in which the inoculum was small,
the bactericidal effect of sulfanilamide in 20 mg. per
cent at 40.5° C. varied directly to the amount of
inoculum. The results of these tests demonstrate
that sulfanilamide in concentration of 20 mg. per
cent is bactericidal against Lancefield group B
streptococci only when the incubation temperature
is elevated above 40° C. In this respect, Lancefield
group B streptococci are affected in the same way
by sulfanilamide as the streptococci of Lancefield
group A. These results further explain the failure
of sulfanilamide to destroy Str. agalactiae infection
of the udder when the drug is administered orally,
Since streptococci mastitis is a nonfebrile infection,
and since the limit of tolerance for the cow for sul-
fanilamide administered orally is a level of 20 mg.
per cent in the blood and milk, it is not possible to
destroy the streptococci in the udder.
CHART 1. Effect of Sulfanilamide on Streptococcus agalactiae in vitro tests
Sulfanilamide Therapy in Bovine Mastitis
293
Agar cup-plate method.—To simulate conditions
comparable to those of the cow's udder when sul-
anilamide is introduced directly into the lactiferous
sinus, the following tests were conducted with the
ager cup-plate method. Each culture of Str.
agalactiae used in these tests was run in duplicate.
In one Petri dish, the number of organisms in the
inoculum was ten times that of the companion Petri
dish. One milliliter of the diluted culture was placed
in each Petri dish and 30 c.c. of tryptose agar were
CHART 2. Effect of sulfanilamide on Streptococcus ayalaclittc—in vitro tests using large inoculum
Vol. XVI, Part I
March, 1946
The
Indian Journal of Veterinary Science
and
Animal Husbandry
Issued under the authority
of
The Imperial Council of Agricultural Research
Annual subscription
Rs. 6 or 9s. 6d.
Price per part
Rs. 2 or 3s.
PUBLISHED BY THE MANAGER OF PUBLICATIONS, DELHI
PRINTED BY THE MANAGER, PUNJAB ART PRESS, LAHORE
1946
I.C.A.R. 6. XVI. I
520
CONTENTS
VOL. XVI, PART I
(March 1946)
The Editorial Committee of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research, India, takes
no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this Jonrnal.
Original articles:
Contagious Pleuropneumonia of Goats with special reference
to Immunization (with Plates I and II) ...
Refining of High Acid Ghee ...
Tuberculin Testing in Buffaloes with a Description of some
Differences in Macroscopic Lesions of the Cow and the
Buffalo (with Plate III) ...
An Outbreak of Tuberculosis in Ducks (with Plate IV) ...
Echinococcosis in Bovines (with plate V) ...
A Note on Guinea Worm Infection in Dogs (with Plate VI) ...
Selected article:
A Review of the Respiratory diseases of the Horse ...
Abstracts: ...
Page
H. S. Bawa
1
M. A. Samuel, K. C. Sen,
Zal R. Kothavalla and
Noshir N. Dastur
11
H. K. Lall
24
S. L. Zargar
26
M. Maqsood
28
G. K. Sharma and Ashiq
Hussain
31
John Francis
33
42
Vol. XVI, Part II
June, 1946
The
Indian Journal of Veterinary Science
and
Animal Husbandry
Issued under the authority
of
The Imperial Council of Agricultural Research
Annual subscription
Rs. 6 or 9s. 6d.
Price per part
Rs. 2 or 3sh.
Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi.
ICAR 6. XVI.2
523
ERRATA
Page
45
47
47
85
104
Line
17 from bottom
12 from top
Table III col. 3
Table I against S. No. 9
Line 18 from top
Ind. J. Vet. Sci. XVI June, Sup.
Substitute
„
Read
Substitute
„
Centrifugation
Ranikhet
For "Certrifugation"
"Ranikhe"
9 between, '22' and 'died'
Control
ß
For
'Ctrol'
„ B
Vol. XVI, Part III
September, 1946
The
Indian Journal of Veterinary Science
and
Animal Husbandry
Issued under the authority
of
The Imperial Council of Agricultural Research
Annual subscription
Rs. 6 or 9s. 6d.
Price per part
Rs. 2 or 3s.
PUBLISHED BY THE MANAGER OF PUBLICATION, DELHI
PRINTED BY THE GOERNMENT OF
INDIA PRESS, CALCUTTA, INDIA, 1947
ICAR. 6. XVI. 4
520
CONTENTS
Vol. XVI, Part III
(September 1946)
The Editorial Committee of the Imperial Council of Agricultural Rescareh, India takes
responsibility for the opinions expressed in this journal
Original articles—
MORTALITY IN YOUNG CALVES IN INDIA (WITH FOUR TEXT-
FIGURES)
COLOURING OF VANASPATI GHEE
.
.
.
.
ON THE DETECTION OF ADULTERATION OF GHEE (WITH
ONE TEXT-FIGURE)
THE REFRACTIVE DISPERSION OF GHEE (WITH TWO TEXT-
FIGURES)
A STUDY OF VITAMIN A IN BUFFALOES' MILK THROUGHOUT
A LACTSTION
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COLOSTRUM BUTTERFAT
VARAIATIONS IN THE CHEMICAL CONSTANTS OF THE BUTTER-
FAT OF THE DIFFERENT BREEDS OF INDIAN CATTLE
NATURE OF CALCIUM IN BUFFALO MILK . . .
GOAT DERMATITIS, A NEW VIRUS DISEASE OF GOATS IN
INDIA (WITH PLATES VII AND VIII)
DEFINITION OF BARODA WOOL GRADE . . . .
A NOTE ON SHEEP MORTALITY CONNECTED WITH THEIR
TRANSPORT
PAGE
F. C. Mincll
Amar Nath Puri and Ved
Rattan
K. T. Achaya and B. N. Banerjee
K. T. Achaya and B. N. Banerjee
Lal Chand Dharmani and Jiwan
Das Chopra
C. P. Anantakrishnan and Zal
R. Kothavalla
I. P. Singh, T. M. Paul, C. P.
Anantakrishnan and M. C.
Rangappa
I. P. Singh Verma and C. P.
Anantakrishnan
J. R. Haddow and J. A. Idnani
N. L. Narayan and Sunanda
Narayan
Ram Narain Mohan
PAGE
123
138
114
151
158
107
170
177
181
184
188
Vol. XVI, Part V
December, 1946
The
Indian Journal of Veterinary Science
and
Animal Husbandry
Issued under the authority
of
The Imperial Council of Agricultural Research
Annual subscription
Rs. 6 or 9s. 6d.
Price per part
Rs. 2 or 3s.
PUBLISHED BY THE MANAGER OF PUBLICATION, DELHI.
PRINTED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PRESS. CALCUTTA, INDIA.
1947
ICAR. 6. XVI. 5.
520