49
M. Mollereau * also observed the same disease amongst mules in Tonquin.
Korea (CHINA)
W. G. Campbell † says :" In the forest regions of Korea, insect pests abound in the summer months.
Musquitoes, gnats, and gadflies make the lives of the settlers perfectly burdensome for two or three
months of the year, and ponies and bulls quickly succumb to their attacks. The houses are kept con-
stantly filled with birch-smoke to drive them off ; cattle are protected by fires of green wood in the
open ; and men working the clearings carry coils of rope made from dry artemesia, which burns slowly
and emits a pungent odour for the same purpose."
SECTION IV.
PRECIS OF HORSE SURRA CASES.
(i).—NATURALLY ACQUIRED SURRA.
CIV.—A New-Zealand Mare, aged 11 years, was purchased by the Bombay Tramway Company in
March 1888 and has since done excellent work. On August 9th, 1894, as she was looking thin and out of
sorts she was relieved from work. August 11th, animal was suffering from fever, Temperature 40.4 °C.,
Pulse 72. On microscopical examination of the blood, numerous Surra organisms were discovered. The.
mare arrived at the Laboratory stables, Poona, on the morning of the 13th August 1894, and on the
following evening during a paroxysm was submitted to a treatment consisting of Liquor Arsenicalis in
gradually increasing doses commencing with grains iv. On the morning of the 18th August, after 36
grains of Arsenic had been administered, the hæmatozoon was found to have disappeared from the blood,
and remained absent until the time of death which occurred on the 17th September, a period of 31 days.
The animal received 225 grains of Arsenic between the 14th August and the morning of the 5th Sep-
tember, after which date only 11 grains were taken, owing to symptoms of gastric irritation. During
the whole period that the animal was under observation, the temperature remained high, oscillating
between 38 °C. (100.4 °F.) and 40.8 °C. (105.4 °F.), but on the day of death recorded 41.3 °C. (106.3 °F.)
Autopsy.—Body well nourished, entire absence of œdema from extremities and under-surface of abdo-
men. Thorax.—No adhesion of the pleuræ, but each cavity contains several (10) ounces of a turbid orange-
coloured fluid. Trachea contains frothy mucus, mucous membrane lower one-third congested. Lungs,—
Right healthy, Left small, sub-pleural extravasations of blood. Anterior lobe consolidated, individual
lobules insulated by a thin layer of exudation. Pericardium.—The sac contains a small quantity of
a turbid, orange-coloured fluid. Heart weighs 6 lbs. 8 ozs. External surface presents healthy ap-
pearance. Right Auricle ditto, Right Ventricle sub-endocardial petechiæ. Left Auricle and Ventricle
ditto. Valves healthy. Abdominal Cavity contains 60 ounces of orange-coloured fluid. Liver weighs
13 lbs. 12 ozs. Old perihepatitis ; on section, tissues dark in colour, friable. Spleen 4 lbs. 2 ozs.
Surface of organ petechiated, on section tissues firm, &c. Kidneys.—Right 2 lbs., left 2 lbs. 2 ozs.
Capsules strip easily, surfaces of organs petechiated On section Malphigian corpuscles prominent and
bright-red in colour. Stomach small. On section contains semi-fluid food, yellow in colour. Cuticular
portion healthy, mucous membrane covering villous portion congested, dotted over with small circular
patches, majority red, remainder almost black in colour, due to small extravasations of blood in and
beneath the inner coat of the organ. Small intestines.—There are small dark-coloured patches, and
extravasations into the sub-mucous tissues throughout its whole length. Large intestine apparently
healthy. Bladder.—Mucous membrane congested, but not petechiated.
No. CVI.—Country Bred Entire horse, aged, belonging to a private gentleman, was received from
Bombay on the 7th September 1894. The animal had been suffering from fever for 20 to 25 days, and
had been under treatment during the 12 days previous to its admission at the Laboratory stables. On
admission the horse was in fair condition but weak. The usual symptoms of fever were present.
The visible mucous membranes were tinged a yellow colour, conjunctivæ petechiated. Temperature
38.9° C. Pulse 57. Respirations 48. Appetite fairly good. Dung presented a normal appearance.
The blood contained a few hæmatozoa. Arsenic was administered in small doses. At 5 A.M. on September
9th, the animal fell in the stable, and death took place at 6-30 A.M.
Autopsy.—Body well nourished. Some swelling and œdema of the lower extremities. Thorax.—
About 19 ozs. of a yellow-coloured fluid in the pleural cavities. Lungs œdematous, surfaces present
several sub-pleural extravasations. Pericardium.—The sac contains some ounces of yellow-coloured
fluid. Heart 8 lbs. 10 ozs. Very much enlarged, dilatation with hypertrophy. On section, Right and Left
Ventricles some few sub-endocardial extravasations. Abdominal Cavity contains several pints of fluid.
Liver 10 lbs. 4½ ozs. Old perihepatitis, no calcareous nodules. On section tissues dark in colour,
Spleen 2 lbs. 3 ozs. Tissues firm. Kidneys.—Right 1 lb. 11 ozs. Left 1 lb. 9½ ounces. Stomach distended,
on section contains semi-solid food. Cuticular and villous portions present a healthy appearance.
Intestines ditto. Bladder ditto.
* Mollereau ' Sur une maladie des Mulets an Tonkin.'
Bullet. Soc. Centr. de Med Veterinaire, 1888, page 694.
† A journey through North Korea to the Cháng-pia-Shan.—Journal Royal Geographical Society, March 1892, page 155,
B 2204—13