Phosphoinositides II: The Diverse Biological Functions [electronic resource] /
Balla, Tamas.editor.
Wymann, Matthias.editor.
York, John D.editor.
Phosphoinositides play a major role in cellular signaling and membrane organization. During the last three decades we have learned that enzymes turning over phosphoinositides control vital physiological processes and are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disease and more. In two volumes, this book elucidates the crucial mechanisms that control the dynamics of phosphoinositide conversion. Starting out from phosphatidylinositol, a chain of lipid kinases collaborates to generate the oncogenic lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For every phosphate group added, there are specific lipid kinases – and phosphatases to remove it. Additionally, phospholipases can cleave off the inositol head group and generate poly-phosphoinositols, which act as soluble signals in the cytosol. Volume I untangles the web of these enzymes and their products, and relates them to function in health and disease. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases and 3-phosphatases have received a special focus in volume I, and recent therapeutic developments in human disease are presented along with a historical perspective illustrating the impressive progress in the field. Volume II extends into the role of phosphoinositides in membrane organization and vesicular traffic. Endocytosis and exocytosis are modulated by phosphoinositides, which determine the fate and activity of integral membrane proteins. Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate is a prominent flag in the plasma membrane, while phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate decorates early endosomes. The Golgi apparatus is rich in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, stressed cells increase phosphatidylinositol(3,5)-bisphosphate, and the nucleus has a phosphoinositide metabolism of its own. Phosphoinositide-dependent signaling cascades and the spatial organization of distinct phosphoinositide species are required in organelle function, fission and fusion, membrane channel regulation, cytoskeletal rearrangements, adhesion processes, and thus orchestrate complex cellular responses including growth, proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and cell polarization. The two volumes on “Phosphoinositides” provide a concise overview of the latest developments in the field of phosphoinositide hemostasis and function, and provide introductory background and extensions into unexplored territory.
Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; Chapter 1 Ca2+ Signalling by IP3 Receptors; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Ca2+ Is a Versatile and Ubiquitous Intracellular Messenger; 1.3 IP3 Receptors: An Overview; 1.4 Activation of IP3 Receptors by Ca2+ and IP3; 1.5 Structure and Function of the IP3 Receptor Pore; 1.6 How Does IP3 Binding Cause the Pore to Open?; 1.7 Clustered IP3 Receptors and Elementary Events; References; Chapter 2 Phosphoinositide Signaling During Membrane Transport in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae; 2.1 Phosphoinositide Metabolism in the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
2.2 Binding Domains and Effector Proteins of PI3P2.2.1 The FYVE Domain; 2.2.2 The Phox Homology (PX) Domain; 2.3 Effectors of PI3,5P2 and Their Roles in Membrane Trafficking; 2.4 Roles for PI4P in Membrane Transport; 2.4.1 Functions of PI4P Synthesized by Pik1p in the Golgi; 2.4.2 Functions of PI4P Synthesized by Stt4p at the Plasma Membrane; 2.5 Roles for PI4,5P2 in Membrane Transport; 2.6 Perspectives and Conclusions; References; Chapter 3 Phosphoinositides in the Mammalian Endo-lysosomal Network; 3.1 Introduction --- The Endo-lysosomal Network
3.2 Subcellular Distribution of Phosphoinositides3.3 Endosomal Phosphoinositide Kinases and Phosphatases; 3.3.1 PtdIns(4,5)P2-to-PtdIns(4)P Switch; 3.3.2 PtdIns-to-PtdIns(3)P Switch; 3.3.3 PtdIns(3)P-to-PtdIns(3,5)P2 Switch; 3.3.4 Other Phosphoinositide Switches; 3.4 Sensing the Phosphoinositide Identity Code; 3.5 PtdIns(4,5)P2 in Endocytosis; 3.5.1 Initiation and Assembly of Clathrin-coat Pits; 3.5.2 Maturation of Clathrin-coated Pits; 3.5.3 Formation of Clathrin-coated Vesicles; 3.6 PtdIns(3)P and MVB Biogenesis; 3.6.1 ESCRT-0; 3.6.2 ESCRT-I and -II; 3.6.3 ESCRT-III
3.6.4 In Vitro Reconstitution of ESCRT Function3.6.5 ESCRT-independent, Phosphoinositide-mediated Sorting into MVBs; 3.7 Phosphoinositides and Retrograde Transport; 3.7.1 The Retromer Complex; 3.7.1.1 Membrane Deformation Within the Retromer Pathway; 3.7.1.2 Cargo Selection---The Mammalian VPS26-VPS29-VPS35 Sub-complex; 3.7.1.3 Processing of Retromer Tubules; 3.7.2 Phosphoinositide Regulation of Retromer-independent Retrograde Transport; 3.7.3 PtdIns(3,5)P2 in Retrograde Transport; 3.8 Phosphoinositides in Endosomal Recycling; 3.8.1 EHD Proteins and Recycling Tubules
3.8.2 Sorting Nexins---Another Route for the Generation of Recycling Tubules3.8.3 Sorting Nexins and Cargo Recognition; 3.8.4 Carrier Movement and Fusion with the Plasma Membrane; 3.9 Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 4 Role of PI(4,5)P2 in Vesicle Exocytosis and Membrane Fusion; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Background on Membrane Fusion in Vesicle Exocytosis; 4.3 Discovery of a Role for PI(4,5)P2 in Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane; 4.4 A Role for PI(4,5)P2 in the Priming Reactions of Regulated DCV Exocytosis; 4.5 A Role for PI(4,5)P2 in Other Forms of Vesicle Exocytosis
4.6 Is PI(4,5)P2 Spatially Segregated to Sites of Exocytosis?
Includes glossary.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Phosphoinositides play a major role in cellular signaling and membrane organization. During the last three decades we have learned that enzymes turning over phosphoinositides control vital physiological processes and are involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic disease and more. In two volumes, this book elucidates the crucial mechanisms that control the dynamics of phosphoinositide conversion. Starting out from phosphatidylinositol, a chain of lipid kinases collaborates to generate the oncogenic lipid phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate. For every phosphate group added, there are specific lipid kinases – and phosphatases to remove it. Additionally, phospholipases can cleave off the inositol head group and generate poly-phosphoinositols, which act as soluble signals in the cytosol. Volume I untangles the web of these enzymes and their products, and relates them to function in health and disease. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases and 3-phosphatases have received a special focus in volume I, and recent therapeutic developments in human disease are presented along with a historical perspective illustrating the impressive progress in the field. Volume II extends into the role of phosphoinositides in membrane organization and vesicular traffic. Endocytosis and exocytosis are modulated by phosphoinositides, which determine the fate and activity of integral membrane proteins. Phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate is a prominent flag in the plasma membrane, while phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate decorates early endosomes. The Golgi apparatus is rich in phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, stressed cells increase phosphatidylinositol(3,5)-bisphosphate, and the nucleus has a phosphoinositide metabolism of its own. Phosphoinositide-dependent signaling cascades and the spatial organization of distinct phosphoinositide species are required in organelle function, fission and fusion, membrane channel regulation, cytoskeletal rearrangements, adhesion processes, and thus orchestrate complex cellular responses including growth, proliferation, differentiation, cell motility, and cell polarization. The two volumes on “Phosphoinositides” provide a concise overview of the latest developments in the field of phosphoinositide hemostasis and function, and provide introductory background and extensions into unexplored territory.
Medicine.
Neurosciences.
Human genetics.
Molecular biology.
Medical genetics.
Neurochemistry.
Biomedicine, general.
Neurosciences.
Human Genetics.
Molecular Medicine.
Gene Function.
Neurochemistry.
Sub-cellular biochemistry