Integrated Ground-Based Observing Systems [electronic resource] : Applications for Climate, Meteorology, and Civil Protection /
International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesCorporate Author
International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences(7th :2007 :L'Aquila, Italy)
International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
Cimini, Domenico.editor.
Marzano, Frank S.editor.
Visconti, Guido.editor.
The book collects the lectures delivered during the 7th International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (ISSAOS) titled “Integrated Ground-Based Observing Systems Applications for Climate, Meteorology, and Civil Protection”. The book aims to contribute to the scientific understanding of basic concepts and applications of integrated ground-based observing systems. The first part describes most common instrumentations with their strength and limitations; strategic plans for the deployment of an observation site are discussed, together with an overview of techniques for integrating heterogeneous data. The second part introduces cutting-edge applications, including assimilation in numerical weather prediction, climate benchmarking, air quality monitoring, and meteo/hydrological warnings.
Description based upon print version of record.
Preface; Contents; Contributors; List of Acronyms; Part I Basic Instrumentation and Integration Techniques; I.1 Principles of Radiometric Remote Sensing of the Troposphere; 1 Introduction; 2 Physical Principles; 2.1 Radiation Quantities; 2.2 Extinction, Transmission, and Emission; 2.2.1 Atmospheric Extinction; 2.2.2 Atmospheric Transmission; 2.2.3 Atmospheric Emission; 2.2.4 Radiative Transfer with Scattering; 3 Instrumentation; 3.1 Calibration; 3.2 Pyrometers; 3.2.1 Pyrgeometer; 3.2.2 Pyranometer; 3.2.3 Pyrheliometer; 3.2.4 Infrared Thermometers; 3.2.5 Examples; 3.3 Microwave Radiometers
3.3.1 Single-Channel Temperature Profiler3.3.2 Multi-Channel Temperature and Humidity Profilers; 3.3.3 Examples; 3.4 Infrared Interferometers; 3.4.1 Examples; 4 Retrieval Techniques; 5 Radiometric Sensing of Atmospheric Variables; 5.1 Energy Balance; 5.2 Integrated Contents of Water Vapor and Cloud Liquid Water; 5.3 Boundary Layer Temperature Profiling from Scanning Observations; 5.4 Temperature and Humidity Profiling by Multi-Frequency Observations; 6 Conclusions; References; I.2 Meteorological Radar Systems; 1 Introduction; 2 Radar Systems; 2.1 Radar Scheme
2.2 Radar Equation for Single Target2.3 Radar Equation for Distributed Target; 2.3.1 Microwave Backscattering Models; 2.4 Radar Polarimetry; 2.4.1 The Polarization State; 2.4.2 The Scattering Matrix; 2.5 Scattering from Spherical Particles; 2.6 Scattering from Spheroidal Particles; 2.7 Radar Observables; 2.7.1 Reflectivity Factor; 2.7.2 Differential Reflectivity; 2.7.3 Linear Depolarization Ratio; 2.7.4 Correlation Coefficients; 2.7.5 Differential and Specific Differential Phase Shift; References; I.3 Principles of Aerosol LIDAR Systems; 1 Introduction; 2 Lidar Architecture; 2.1 Transmitter
2.2 Receiver2.3 System Control and Data Acquisition; 2.4 Lidar Return; 3 Lidar Equation; 3.1 Transmitter Laser Photons; 3.2 Transmission; 3.3 Backscattering; 3.4 Geometrical Collecting Efficiency; 3.5 Optical Collecting Efficiencies; 3.6 Noise; 4 Different Forms of Lidar Equation; 4.1 A Physics-ological Drama; 5 Lidar Physical Processes; 5.1 Rayleigh Scattering; 5.2 Raman Scattering; 5.3 Mie Scattering for the Other Object (Aerosol) in the Atmosphere; 5.4 Lidar Backscattering and Extinction; 6 Aerosol-Devoted Lidar; 6.1 Aerosol Raman Lidar; 6.2 Lidar Setup; 7 Raman Lidar Aerosol Observations
7.1 Backscatter and Extinction7.2 Sulfate Aerosols and Cloud Droplets; 8 Lidar Signal Simulator; 9 Lidar Signal Analysis; 10 Aerosol Observation; References; I.4 Introduction to SODAR and RASS-Wind Profiler Radar Systems; 1 Introduction; 2 Basic Theory of Doppler Radars; 2.1 Radar Principles; 2.2 The Radar Equation; 2.3 Method of Wind Measurement; 2.4 Data Processing and Averaging; 3 RASS; 4 SODAR; 4.1 Data Processing and Averaging; References; I.5 An Introduction to Rain Gauges and Disdrometers; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Rain Gauge; 1.2 Disdrometer; 1.2.1 Instrument Details
1.2.2 Particle Size Distribution
Includes bibliographical references and index.
The book collects the lectures delivered during the 7th International Summer School on Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (ISSAOS) titled “Integrated Ground-Based Observing Systems Applications for Climate, Meteorology, and Civil Protection”. The book aims to contribute to the scientific understanding of basic concepts and applications of integrated ground-based observing systems. The first part describes most common instrumentations with their strength and limitations; strategic plans for the deployment of an observation site are discussed, together with an overview of techniques for integrating heterogeneous data. The second part introduces cutting-edge applications, including assimilation in numerical weather prediction, climate benchmarking, air quality monitoring, and meteo/hydrological warnings.
Remote sensing.
Meteorology.
Geographical information systems.
Environmental monitoring.
Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry.
Meteorology.
Geographical Information Systems/Cartography.
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis.