Entertaining elephants : animal agency and the business of the American circus /
Nance, Susan.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 235-275) and index.
Why elephants in the early republic? -- Becoming an elephant "actor" -- Learning to take direction -- Punishing bull elephants -- Herd management in the gilded age -- Going off script -- Animal cultures lost in the circus, then and now.
Elephants
Animal welfare
Circus animals
Circus
Also issued online.