An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation [electronic resource].
Ojovan, M. I.
Lee, William E.
Burlington : Elsevier Science,
2013.
Drawing on the authors' extensive experience in the processing and disposal of waste, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition examines the gamut of nuclear waste issues from the natural level of radionuclides in the environment to geological disposal of waste-forms and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of oth
Description based upon print version of record.
Front Cover; An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation; Copyright Page; Dedication; Contents; Preface to the Second Edition; 1 Introduction to Immobilisation; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Importance of Waste; 1.3 Radioactive Waste; 1.4 Recycling; 1.5 Waste Minimisation; 1.6 Processing and Immobilisation; 1.7 Time Frames; Bibliography; 2 Nuclear Decay; 2.1 Nuclear Matter; 2.2 Radioactive Decay; 2.3 Decay Law; 2.4 Radioactive Equilibrium; 2.5 Activity; 2.6 Alpha Decay; 2.7 Beta Decay; 2.8 Gamma Decay; 2.9 Spontaneous Fission; 2.10 Radionuclide Characteristics; Bibliography
3 Contaminants and Hazards3.1 Elemental Abundance; 3.2 Migration and Redistribution; 3.3 Potential Hazard of Nuclear Waste; 3.4 Relative Hazards; 3.5 Importance of Wasteform: Real Hazard Concept; 3.6 Wasteform Durability and Hazard Diminishing; Bibliography; 4 Naturally Occurring Radionuclides; 4.1 NORM and TENORM; 4.2 Primordial Radionuclides; 4.3 Use of Primordial Radionuclides for Dating; 4.4 Natural Nuclear Reactors; 4.5 Cosmogenic Radionuclides; 4.6 Natural Radionuclides in Igneous Rocks; 4.7 Natural Radionuclides in Sedimentary Rocks and Soils; 4.8 Natural Radionuclides in Sea Water
4.9 Radon Emissions4.10 Natural Radionuclides in the Human Body; Bibliography; 5 Background Radiation; 5.1 Radiation is Natural; 5.2 Dose Units; 5.3 Biological Consequences of Irradiation; 5.4 Background Radiation; Bibliography; 6 Nuclear Waste Regulations; 6.1 Regulatory Organisations; 6.2 Protection Philosophies; 6.3 Regulation of Radioactive Materials and Sources; 6.4 Exemption Criteria and Levels; 6.5 Clearance of Materials from Regulatory Control - Moderate Amounts; 6.6 Clearance of Materials from Regulatory Control - Bulk Amounts; 6.7 Double Standards; 6.8 Dose Limits
6.9 Control of Radiation Hazards6.10 Nuclear Waste Classification; 6.11 IAEA Classification Scheme; 6.12 Examples of Waste Classification; References; Bibliography; 7 Principles of Nuclear Waste Management; 7.1 International Consensus; 7.2 Objective of Radioactive Waste Management; 7.3 Fundamental Principles; 7.4 Comments on the Fundamental Principles; 7.5 Fundamental Safety Principles; 7.6 Ethical Principles; 7.7 Joint Convention; 7.8 International Cooperation; References; Bibliography; 8 Nuclear Waste Types and Sources; 8.1 Sources of Nuclear Waste; 8.2 Front-End and Operational NFC Waste
8.3 Back-End Open NFC Waste8.4 Back-End Closed NFC Waste; 8.5 Back-End NFC Decommissioning Waste; 8.6 Non-NFC Wastes; 8.7 Accidental Wastes; 8.8 Global Inventory; References; Bibliography; 9 Short-Lived Waste Radionuclides; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Tritium; 9.3 Cobalt-60; 9.4 Strontium-90; 9.5 Cesium-137; Bibliography; 10 Long-Lived Waste Radionuclides; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Carbon-14; 10.3 Technetium-99; 10.4 Iodine-129; 10.5 Plutonium; 10.6 Neptunium-237; 10.7 Nuclear Criticality; References; Bibliography; 11 Waste Processing Schemes; 11.1 Management Roadmap; 11.2 Waste Life Cycle
11.3 Pre-disposal
Drawing on the authors' extensive experience in the processing and disposal of waste, An Introduction to Nuclear Waste Immobilisation, Second Edition examines the gamut of nuclear waste issues from the natural level of radionuclides in the environment to geological disposal of waste-forms and their long-term behavior. It covers all-important aspects of processing and immobilization, including nuclear decay, regulations, new technologies and methods. Significant focus is given to the analysis of the various matrices used, especially cement and glass, with further discussion of oth
Nuclear waste.
Radioactive waste disposal -- Safety measures.
Radioactive waste disposal.
Radioactive waste disposal
Radioactive waste disposal
Civil & Environmental Engineering
Engineering & Applied Sciences
Environmental Engineering