Brainstem Disorders [electronic resource] /
Urban, Peter P.editor.
Caplan, Louis R.editor.
The brainstem includes numerous pathways connecting different brain areas and the spinal cord, neural networks with coordinating tasks, and brainstem nuclei. Consequently its topography is complex, and even experienced neurologists find it challenging to localize brainstem lesions and diagnose brainstem disorders. This richly illustrated book provides a comprehensive review of brainstem disorders and presents the relevant clinical knowledge necessary for diagnosis. The opening sections document the brainstem neuroanatomy and discuss current diagnostic methods. The entire spectrum of clinical findings in brainstem disorders is then described, and topodiagnostic aspects of the neurological findings are explained in detail. The descriptions of brain stem disorders are consistently structured and are supported by many MR images and short case reports. In addition to primary brainstem lesions, such as vascular brainstem syndromes, other disorders are considered that do not exclusively show brainstem symptoms or signs, e.g., multiple sclerosis. This book will serve as an invaluable reference work for neurologists in clinical practice or further education.
Description based upon print version of record.
Brainstem Disorders; Copyright page; Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1: Neuroanatomy of the Brainstem; 1.1 General Architecture; 1.2 Development; 1.3 External Characteristics; 1.3.1 Mesencephalon; 1.3.2 Pons; 1.3.3 Medulla Oblongata; 1.3.4 Retinal Inputs; 1.3.5 Cranial Nerves; 1.4 Internal Architecture; 1.4.1 Cranial Nerve Nuclei of the Brainstem; 1.4.1.1 Oculomotor Nucleus; Edinger-Westphal Nucleus; Light Reaction and Near Response; 1.4.1.2 Trochlear Nucleus; 1.4.1.3 Abducens Nucleus; 1.4.1.4 Trigeminal Nucleus; Trigeminal Reflexes; 1.4.1.5 The Facial Nucleus; Facial Reflexes
1.4.1.6 Vestibular Nuclei1.4.1.7 Cochlear Nuclei; 1.4.1.8 Nuclear Groups of the Vagal System; Glossopharyngeal Nerve; Solitary (Tract) Nucleus; Vagus Nerve; Dorsal Motor Vagal Nucleus (Dorsal Nucleus of the Vagal Nerve); Nucleus Ambiguus; 1.4.1.9 Nuclear Groups of the Accessory Nerve; 1.4.1.10 Nucleus Hypoglossus; 1.4.2 Reticular Formation: A Coordination Center for Complex Movement; 1.4.3 Ascending Activating System: Attention, Wake-Sleep Rhythm; 1.4.4 Limbic Control; 1.4.5 Premotor Control of Eye Movements; 1.4.5.1 Saccades; 1.4.5.2 Vestibulo-ocular Reflex; 1.4.5.3 Optokinetic Reflex
1.4.5.4 Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements1.4.5.5 Convergence; 1.4.5.6 Gaze Stabilization; 1.4.6 Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Pathways; 1.4.7 Nuclear Regions of the Mesencephalon; 1.4.7.1 Overview; 1.4.7.2 Pretectum; 1.4.7.3 Superior and Inferior Colliculi; 1.4.7.4 Red Nucleus; 1.4.7.5 Substantia Nigra; 1.4.7.6 Periaqueductal Gray; 1.4.8 Nuclear Regions of the Pons; 1.4.8.1 Overview; 1.4.8.2 Pontine Nuclei; 1.4.8.3 Parabrachial Nuclei; 1.4.8.4 Pontine Micturition Center; 1.4.9 Nuclear Regions of the Medulla Oblongata; 1.4.9.1 Overview; 1.4.9.2 Inferior Olive
1.4.9.3 Ventrolateral Cell Groups of the MedullaCardiovascular Reflexes; Respiratory Reflexes; Swallowing, Vomiting, and Sneeze Reflexes; 1.4.9.4 Area Postrema; 1.5 Pathways in the Brainstem; 1.5.1 Descending Pathways; 1.5.2 Ascending Pathways; 1.5.2.1 Lemniscal Systems; 1.5.2.2 Spinothalamic Tract; 1.5.2.3 Spinocerebellar Tracts; 1.5.2.4 Auditory Pathway; 1.6 Brain Stem Vascularization; 1.6.1 Mesencephalon; 1.6.2 Pons; 1.6.3 Medulla Oblongata; Literature; 2: Diagnostic Imaging, Interventional Treatment of Brainstem Lesions and Electrophysiologic Diagnostics; 2.1 Neuroradiology
2.1.1 Conventional Native Diagnostics2.1.2 Computed Tomography; 2.1.2.1 Principles and Techniques; 2.1.2.2 CT in Investigations of the Brainstem; 2.1.2.3 Risks; 2.1.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 2.1.3.1 Principles and Techniques; 2.1.3.2 MRI Investigations of the Brainstem; 2.1.3.3 Specialized Methods; 2.1.3.4 Risks; 2.1.4 Angiography and Endovascular Interventions; 2.1.4.1 Diagnostic Angiography; 2.1.4.2 Endovascular Interventions; Recanalization; Embolization; 2.2 Ultrasound Diagnostics; 2.2.1 Vascular Ultrasound; 2.2.1.1 Anatomic Principles; 2.2.1.2 Principles and Techniques
Continuous Wave (cw) Doppler
The brainstem includes numerous pathways connecting different brain areas and the spinal cord, neural networks with coordinating tasks, and brainstem nuclei. Consequently its topography is complex, and even experienced neurologists find it challenging to localize brainstem lesions and diagnose brainstem disorders. This richly illustrated book provides a comprehensive review of brainstem disorders and presents the relevant clinical knowledge necessary for diagnosis. The opening sections document the brainstem neuroanatomy and discuss current diagnostic methods. The entire spectrum of clinical findings in brainstem disorders is then described, and topodiagnostic aspects of the neurological findings are explained in detail. The descriptions of brain stem disorders are consistently structured and are supported by many MR images and short case reports. In addition to primary brainstem lesions, such as vascular brainstem syndromes, other disorders are considered that do not exclusively show brainstem symptoms or signs, e.g., multiple sclerosis. This book will serve as an invaluable reference work for neurologists in clinical practice or further education.
Neurology .
Neuroradiology.
Neurosurgery.
Internal medicine.
Neurology.
Neuroradiology.
Neurosurgery.
Internal Medicine.