"Race to the bottom" : corporate complicity in Chinese Internet censorship.
Human Rights Watch (Organization)
This report documents the different ways in which companies such as Yahoo!, Microsoft, Google, and Skype are assisting and reinforcing the Chinese government's system of political censorship.
Caption title.
"August 2006".
Includes bibliographical references.
This report documents the different ways in which companies such as Yahoo!, Microsoft, Google, and Skype are assisting and reinforcing the Chinese government's system of political censorship.
I. Summary. -- II. How censorship works in China: a brief overview. -- 1. The "Great Firewall of China" : censorship at the Internet backbone and ISP level. -- 2. Censhorship by Internet content providers : delegating censorship to business. -- 3. Surveillance and censorship in email and web chat. -- 4. Breaching the Great Chinese Firewall. -- 5. Chinese and international law. -- III. Comparative analysis of search engine censorship. -- 1. Censorship through website de-listing. -- Keyword censorship. -- IV. How multinational Internet companies assist government censorship in China. -- 1. Yahoo! Inc. -- 2. Microsoft Corp. -- 3. Google, Inc. -- 4. Skype. -- V. Company, government, investor, and other responses. -- 1. Efforts toward a voluntary industry code of conduct. -- 2. Legislation. -- 3. U.S. Executive Branch actions. -- 4. European Union actions. -- 5. Investor pledge. -- Recommendations. -- Acknowledgements. -- Appendix. Appendix I: "The words you never see in Chinese cyberspace." -- Appendix II: "The Great Firewall of China: keywords used to filter web content." -- Appendix III-VI: Details of ... case. -- Appendix VII: Liu Xiaobo's letter to Yahoo! -- Appendix VIII: Letter from Human Rights Watch to Yahoo! and Yahoo!'s response. -- Appendix IX: Letter from Human Rights Watch to Microsoft and Mircrosoft's response. -- Appendix X: Letter from Human Rights Watch to Google. -- Appendix XI: Letter from Human Rights Watch to Skype and Skype's response. -- Appendix XII: URL de-listing on Google.cn, Yahoo! China, MSN Chinese and Baidu. -- Appendix XIII: Comparative keyword searches on Google.cn, Yahoo! China, MSN China, Baidu, Yahoo.com, MSN search and Google.com.
Internet
Internet
Digital divide
Information policy
Digital divide.
Information policy.
Internet
Internet
"Race to the bottom".