Single-Sided NMR [electronic resource] /
Casanova, Federico.editor.
Perlo, Juan.editor.
Blümich, Bernhard.editor.
The use of conventional nuclear magnetic resonance is limited by the fact that the object needs to be carried to the NMR equipment and needs to fit inside large superconducting magnets. Both limitations are removed by single-sided NMR probes based on open magnets specially adapted to the object under study. These can be inexpensive and portable sensors that give access to a large number of applications inaccessible with using conventional magnet geometries. Substantial improvements in the magnet design, detection electronics, and the implementation of suitable techniques to work in the inhomogeneous magnetic fields of open magnets have allowed scientists and engineers to measure relaxation-time distributions, diffusion coefficients, 3D images, velocity distributions, and even highly resolved NMR spectra in the stray field of the magnet. This book is the first comprehensive account describing the key issues to be considered at the time of designing and building open magnets, and summarizing the arsenal of pulse sequences available today for material analysis.
Description based upon print version of record.
Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1  Single-Sided NMR; Federico Casanova, Juan Perlo, and Bernhard Blümich; 1.1  Development of Open NMR Sensors; 1.1.1  Well-Logging Tools; 1.1.2  Mobile Single-Sided Sensors; 1.1.3  The NMR-MOUSE; 1.2  Methods for Mobile NMR; References; 2  NMR in Inhomogeneous Fields; Federico Casanova and Juan Perlo; 2.1  Introduction; 2.1.1  Evolution of the Magnetization During a Pulse Sequence; 2.1.2  Separation of the Magnetization into Coherence Pathways; 2.1.3  Numerical Calculation of the NMR Signal; 2.2  Pulse Sequence Analysis; 2.2.1  Single rf Pulse
2.2.2  The Generation of Hahn Echoes2.2.3  The CPMG Sequence; 2.2.4  Inversion and Saturation Recovery; 2.2.5  Diffusion Measurements; 2.3  The SNR in Inhomogeneous Fields; 2.3.1  The Reciprocity Principle; 2.3.2  Numerical Calculations of the SNR; 2.3.3  An Analytical Solution for the SNR; References; 3  Ex Situ Measurement of One- and Two-Dimensional Distribution Functions; Martin D. Hürlimann; 3.1  Introduction; 3.1.1  Relaxation; 3.1.2  Diffusion; 3.1.3  Diffusion--Relaxation Distribution Functions; 3.2  Pulse Sequences and Spin Dynamics in Inhomogeneous Fields
3.2.1  Relaxation Measurement: Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill Sequence3.2.2  Diffusion Measurements with Static Gradients; 3.2.3  T1 Measurements in Inhomogeneous Fields; 3.3  One-Dimensional Distribution Functions; 3.3.1  Data Inversion; 3.3.2  Regularization; 3.3.3  Systematic Errors; 3.3.4  Uncertainties; 3.4  Two-Dimensional Diffusion--Relaxation Distribution Functions; 3.4.1  Two-Dimensional Diffusion-Relaxation Measurements; 3.4.2  Data Analysis; 3.4.3  Interpretation of Distribution Functions; 3.5  Applications of Two-Dimensional Distribution Functions; 3.5.1  Two-Component Systems
3.5.2  Wettability3.5.3  Complex Miscible Fluid; 3.5.4  Structured Fluid; 3.5.5  Pore Geometry of Porous Media; 3.6  Conclusion; References; 4  Magnets and Coils for Single-Sided NMR; Juan Perlo; 4.1  Magnets; 4.1.1  B0 Perpendicular to the Sensor Surface, the Bar Magnet Geometry; 4.1.2  B0 Parallel to the Sensor Surface, the U-Shaped Geometry; 4.1.3  Magnets for Depth Profiling; 4.1.4  Sweet-Spot Magnets; 4.2  RF Coils; 4.2.1  Coils for Depth Profiling; 4.2.2  Coils for Sweet-Spot Magnets; 4.3  Gradient Coils; References; 5  Single-Sided Tomography; Federico Casanova
5.1  Depth Resolution Using the Static Field Gradient5.2  Spatial Encoding by Fourier Imaging; 5.3  Multi-Echo Acquisition Schemes; 5.3.1  RARE-Like Imaging Sequence; 5.3.2  CPMG-CP for Quadrature Detection; 5.4  Performance of the Multi-Echo Detection Scheme; 5.4.1  Sensitivity Improvement; 5.4.2  Relaxation and Diffusion Contrast; 5.4.3  3D Imaging; 5.5  Displacement Encoding; 5.5.1  PFG Methods in Inhomogeneous Fields; 5.5.2  Measurement of Velocity Distributions; 5.6  Spatially Resolved Velocity Distributions; 5.6.1  2D Velocity Maps; References
6  High-Resolution NMR in Inhomogeneous Fields
Includes bibliographical references and index.
The use of conventional nuclear magnetic resonance is limited by the fact that the object needs to be carried to the NMR equipment and needs to fit inside large superconducting magnets. Both limitations are removed by single-sided NMR probes based on open magnets specially adapted to the object under study. These can be inexpensive and portable sensors that give access to a large number of applications inaccessible with using conventional magnet geometries. Substantial improvements in the magnet design, detection electronics, and the implementation of suitable techniques to work in the inhomogeneous magnetic fields of open magnets have allowed scientists and engineers to measure relaxation-time distributions, diffusion coefficients, 3D images, velocity distributions, and even highly resolved NMR spectra in the stray field of the magnet. This book is the first comprehensive account describing the key issues to be considered at the time of designing and building open magnets, and summarizing the arsenal of pulse sequences available today for material analysis.
Materials science.
Polymers  .
Geophysics.
Radiology.
Soil science.
Soil conservation.
Analytical chemistry.
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials.
Polymer Sciences.
Geophysics/Geodesy.
Diagnostic Radiology.
Soil Science & Conservation.
Analytical Chemistry.