Methylxanthines [electronic resource] /
Fredholm, Bertil B.author.
Fredholm, B. B.
In the present volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology well known experts describe the actions of different xanthines with a focus on caffeine and theophylline. A special chapter is devoted to theobromine, an active component of chocolate, the actions of which are less well characterized. This book also presents the pharmacology of one xanthine derivative, propentofylline, as an example of a xanthine that has gone through extensive development for a novel therapeutic area.
Description based upon print version of record.
Methylxanthines; Dedication to Klaus Starke; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Notes on the History of Caffeine Use; 1 Mythological Origins; 2 Early History of Coffee; 3 Early History of Tea; 4 The History of Cocoa and Maté; 5 Methylxanthines and Health; 6 The Early Science of Methylxanthines; References; Distribution, Biosynthesis and Catabolism of Methylxanthines in Plants; 1 Introduction; 2 Distribution of Methylxanthines in Plants; 2.1 Coffee and Related Coffea Plants; 2.2 Tea and Related Camellia Plants; 2.3 Cacao and Related Theobroma and Herrania Plants
2.4 Maté, Guarana and Other Species3 Methylxanthine Biosynthesis in Plants; 3.1 Formation of 7-Methylxanthine; 3.2 Formation of Theobromine; 3.3 Conversion of Theobromine to Caffeine; 3.4 Formation of Methyluric Acids; 3.5 Supply of Xanthosine for Caffeine Biosynthesis; 3.5.1 De Novo Route; 3.5.2 AMP Route; 3.5.3 SAM Route; 3.5.4 GMP Route; 4 N-Methyltransferases Involved in Methylxanthine Biosynthesis; 4.1 Gene Expression in Coffee and Tea Plants; 4.2 Evolutionary Relationship of Caffeine Synthase and Related Enzymes; 5 Catabolism of Methylxanthines in Plants
5.1 Conversion of Caffeine to Theophylline5.2 Metabolism of Theophylline; 5.3 Catabolism of Theobromine; 6 Ecological Roles of Purine Alkaloids; 6.1 Chemical Defence Theory; 6.2 Allelopathy Theory; 7 Production of Decaffeinated Coffee; 7.1 Production by Breeding; 7.2 Production by Genetic Engineering; 8 Summary and Perspectives; References; Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Natural Methylxanthines in Animal and Man; 1 Introduction; 2 Caffeine; 2.1 Absorption; 2.2 Distribution; 2.2.1 Tissues; 2.3 Excretion; 2.4 Pharmacokinetics; 2.5 Metabolism
2.6 Sources of Variation in Caffeine Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism2.6.1 Age; 2.6.2 Gender and Hormones; 2.6.3 Physical Exercise; 2.6.4 Obesity; 2.6.5 Drugs; 2.6.6 Disease; 2.6.7 Smoking; 2.6.8 Diet and Alcohol; 2.7 Metabolites and Metabolic Pathway; 3 Theophylline; 3.1 Absorption; 3.2 Distribution; 3.3 Excretion; 3.4 Pharmacokinetics; 3.5 Metabolism; 3.6 Sources of Variation in Theophylline Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism; 3.7 Metabolites and Metabolic Pathway; 4 Theobromine; 4.1 Absorption; 4.2 Distribution; 4.3 Excretion; 4.4 Pharmacokinetics; 4.5 Metabolism
4.6 Sources of Variation in Theobromine Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism4.7 Metabolites and Metabolic Pathway; 5 Paraxanthine; 5.1 Absorption and Distribution; 5.2 Excretion; 5.3 Pharmacokinetics; 5.4 Metabolism; 5.5 Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways; References; Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases by Methylxanthines and Related Compounds; 1 Identification of Biologically Active Alkylxanthines; 1.1 History of Methylxanthines as Biological Stimulants and Inhibitors of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases; 1.2 Superfamily of Mammalian PDEs
1.3 Development of Potent and Selective Alkylxanthine-Related Compounds for Inhibition of cN PDEs
Includes bibliographical references and index.
In the present volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology well known experts describe the actions of different xanthines with a focus on caffeine and theophylline. A special chapter is devoted to theobromine, an active component of chocolate, the actions of which are less well characterized. This book also presents the pharmacology of one xanthine derivative, propentofylline, as an example of a xanthine that has gone through extensive development for a novel therapeutic area.
Pharmacology.
Neurochemistry.
Medical biochemistry.
Pharmacology/Toxicology.
Neurochemistry.
Medical Biochemistry.
Handbook of experimental pharmacology