Multifunctionality [electronic resource]: Towards an Analytical Framework /
Maier, Leo,1958-
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Organisation for Economic Co operation and DevelopmentContent Provider
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentContent Provider
Shobayashi, Mikitaro.
Paris : OECD Publishing,
2001.
The term multifunctionality is increasingly used, but is prone to different interpretations concerning its definition, its utility and its implications for policy at domestic and international level. The OECD undertook this analysis to clarify the concept of multifunctionality and to try to establish a common analytical framework and terminology. Examining production, externality and public good aspects of multifunctionality, the analysis contained in this report leads to a series of questions, the answers to which determine if and when policy intervention is warranted and what the nature of that intervention should be. The framework encompasses both negative and positive externalities of agriculture. The first question relates to the degree of jointness in production between the multiple outputs. The second question identifies the circumstances in which market failure arises. A third question leads to an investigation of the public good characteristics of the outputs in question and helps to define the optimal type of intervention. These may range from market creation, to the imposition of user fees, the formation of clubs or public provision financed at local, regional or national level. The most efficient policy option is defined by the nature of jointness on the supply side and by the characteristics of the output on the demand side, all costs and benefits being taken into account.
Description based upon print version of record.
""Foreword""; ""Table of Contents""; ""Part I.  Summary and Conclusions""; ""Background""; ""Box I.1.  A note on terminology""; ""Box I.2.  Multifunctionality and sustainability""; ""Structure of the report""; ""Box I.3.  Multifunctionality: a specificity of agriculture?""; ""A â€œworking definitionâ€? of multifunctionality""; ""Box I.4.  Multifunctionality: a characteristic or an objective?""; ""Policy context""; ""Summary of production aspects""; ""Key concepts and questions""; ""The nature of jointness in agriculture""; ""Box I.5.  The sources of joint production""
""The spatial, scale and time dimensions of non-commodity outputs""""Non-agricultural provision""; ""Summary of externality and public good aspects""; ""Public goods""; ""Box I.6.  Illustrative categorisation of public goods""; ""From an analytical framework to policy implications""; ""Notes""; ""Bibliography""; ""Part II.  The Production Relationships Underlying Multifunctionality""; ""Introduction""; ""What are the key questions?""; ""Joint production and its application to multifunctionality""; ""Box II.1.  What is the appropriate unit of analysis?""
""Box II.2.  Joint production â€? the example of forestry""""Figure II.1.  A simplified model of supply and demand for joint products""; ""Figure II.2.  Optimal supply of a jointly produced non-commodity output""; ""Figure II.3.  Joint production, relative prices and output composition""; ""Figure II.4.  Some hypothetical production relationships""; ""The nature of jointness in agriculture""; ""Figure II.5.  A schematic representation of economic activities on the farm""; ""Table II.1.  Examples of production relationships for selected non-commodity outputs""
""Agricultural landscape and cultural heritage values""""Environmental outputs""; ""Rural viability and the contribution of agricultural employment""; ""Figure II.6.  Commodity production and agricultural employment""; ""Food security""; ""Animal welfare""; ""Spatial and scale issues""; ""Spatial differences in production relationships""; ""Figure II.7.  Implications of site-specific productivity and value differences for non-commodity...""; ""The spatial extension of non-commodity outputs""; ""Agricultural versus non-agricultural provision of non-commodity outputs""; ""Notes""
""Bibliography""""Part III.  Externality and Public Good Aspects of Multifunctionality""; ""Introduction""; ""Background""; ""Approach""; ""Organisation of this part""; ""Externality aspects""; ""Definitions and classifications""; ""Table.  Classification of positive externalities""; ""Box III.1.  Basic terms and analytical tools for discussing externalities""; ""Figure III.1.  Classification of positive externalities (marginal benefit â€? commodity output curve)""; ""Figure III.2.  Classification of positive externalities (social cost curves in commodity output-price graph)""
""Box III.2.  Are externalities with opportunity costs externalities?""
Includes notes and bibliographical references.
The term multifunctionality is increasingly used, but is prone to different interpretations concerning its definition, its utility and its implications for policy at domestic and international level. The OECD undertook this analysis to clarify the concept of multifunctionality and to try to establish a common analytical framework and terminology. Examining production, externality and public good aspects of multifunctionality, the analysis contained in this report leads to a series of questions, the answers to which determine if and when policy intervention is warranted and what the nature of that intervention should be. The framework encompasses both negative and positive externalities of agriculture. The first question relates to the degree of jointness in production between the multiple outputs. The second question identifies the circumstances in which market failure arises. A third question leads to an investigation of the public good characteristics of the outputs in question and helps to define the optimal type of intervention. These may range from market creation, to the imposition of user fees, the formation of clubs or public provision financed at local, regional or national level. The most efficient policy option is defined by the nature of jointness on the supply side and by the characteristics of the output on the demand side, all costs and benefits being taken into account.
Agriculture
Agriculture and state
International trade