Handbook of Modern Sensors [electronic resource] : Physics, Designs, and Applications /
Fraden, Jacob.author.
This book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the theory (physical principles), design, and practical implementations of various sensors for scientific, industrial, and consumer applications. This latest edition focuses on the sensing technologies driven by the expanding use of sensors in mobile devices. These new miniature sensors will be described, with an emphasis on smart sensors which have embedded processing systems. The chapter on chemical sensors has also been expanded to present the latest developments. Digital systems, however complex and intelligent they may be, must receive information from the outside world that is generally analog and not electrical. Sensors are interface devices between various physical values and the electronic circuits that "understand" only a language of moving electrical charges. In other words, sensors are the eyes, ears, and noses of silicon chips. Unlike other books on sensors, the Handbook of Modern Sensors is organized according to the measured variables (temperature, pressure, position, etc.). This book is a reference text for students, researchers interested in modern instrumentation (applied physicists and engineers), sensor designers, application engineers and technicians whose job it is to understand, select and/or design sensors for practical systems.
Description based upon print version of record.
Preface; Contents; About the Author; 1: Data Acquisition; 1.1 Sensors, Signals, and Systems; 1.2 Sensor Classification; 1.3 Units of Measurements; References; 2: Transfer Functions; 2.1 Mathematical Models; 2.1.1 Concept; 2.1.2 Functional Approximations; 2.1.3 Linear Regression; 2.1.4 Polynomial Approximations; 2.1.5 Sensitivity; 2.1.6 Linear Piecewise Approximation; 2.1.7 Spline Interpolation; 2.1.8 Multidimensional Transfer Functions; 2.2 Calibration; 2.3 Computation of Parameters; 2.4 Computation of a Stimulus; 2.4.1 Use of Analytical Equation; 2.4.2 Use of Linear Piecewise Approximation
2.4.3 Iterative Computation of Stimulus (Newton Method)References; 3: Sensor Characteristics; 3.1 Sensors for Mobile Communication Devices; 3.1.1 Requirements to MCD Sensors; 3.1.2 Integration; 3.2 Span (Full-Scale Input); 3.3 Full-Scale Output; 3.4 Accuracy; 3.5 Calibration Error; 3.6 Hysteresis; 3.7 Nonlinearity; 3.8 Saturation; 3.9 Repeatability; 3.10 Dead Band; 3.11 Resolution; 3.12 Special Properties; 3.13 Output Impedance; 3.14 Output Format; 3.15 Excitation; 3.16 Dynamic Characteristics; 3.17 Dynamic Models of Sensor Elements; 3.17.1 Mechanical Elements; 3.17.2 Thermal Elements
3.17.3 Electrical Elements3.17.4 Analogies; 3.18 Environmental Factors; 3.19 Reliability; 3.19.1 MTTF; 3.19.2 Extreme Testing; 3.19.3 Accelerated Life Testing; 3.19.3.1 Environmental Acceleration; 3.19.3.2 HALT Testing; 3.19.3.3 FOAT Testing; 3.20 Application Characteristics; 3.21 Uncertainty; References; 4: Physical Principles of Sensing; 4.1 Electric Charges, Fields, and Potentials; 4.2 Capacitance; 4.2.1 Capacitor; 4.2.2 Dielectric Constant; 4.3 Magnetism; 4.3.1 Faraday Law; 4.3.2 Permanent Magnets; 4.3.3 Coil and Solenoid; 4.4 Induction; 4.4.1 Lenz Law; 4.4.2 Eddy Currents; 4.5 Resistance
4.5.1 Specific Resistivity4.5.2 Temperature Sensitivity of a Resistor; 4.5.3 Strain Sensitivity of a Resistor; 4.5.4 Moisture Sensitivity of a Resistor; 4.6 Piezoelectric Effect; 4.6.1 Ceramic Piezoelectric Materials; 4.6.2 Polymer Piezoelectric Films; 4.7 Pyroelectric Effect; 4.8 Hall Effect; 4.9 Thermoelectric Effects; 4.9.1 Seebeck Effect; 4.9.2 Peltier Effect; 4.10 Sound Waves; 4.11 Temperature and Thermal Properties of Materials; 4.11.1 Temperature Scales; 4.11.2 Thermal Expansion; 4.11.3 Heat Capacity; 4.12 Heat Transfer; 4.12.1 Thermal Conduction; 4.12.2 Thermal Convection
4.12.3 Thermal Radiation4.12.3.1 Emissivity; 4.12.3.2 Cavity Effect; References; 5: Optical Components of Sensors; 5.1 Light; 5.1.1 Energy of Light Quanta; 5.1.2 Light Polarization; 5.2 Light Scattering; 5.3 Geometrical Optics; 5.4 Radiometry; 5.5 Photometry; 5.6 Windows; 5.7 Mirrors; 5.7.1 Coated Mirrors; 5.7.2 Prismatic Mirrors; 5.8 Lenses; 5.8.1 Curved Surface Lenses; 5.8.2 Fresnel Lenses; 5.8.3 Flat Nanolenses; 5.9 Fiber Optics and Waveguides; 5.10 Optical Efficiency; 5.10.1 Lensing Effect; 5.10.2 Concentrators; 5.10.3 Coatings for Thermal Absorption; 5.10.4 Antireflective Coating (ARC)
References
Includes bibligraphical references at the end of each chapters and index.
This book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the theory (physical principles), design, and practical implementations of various sensors for scientific, industrial, and consumer applications. This latest edition focuses on the sensing technologies driven by the expanding use of sensors in mobile devices. These new miniature sensors will be described, with an emphasis on smart sensors which have embedded processing systems. The chapter on chemical sensors has also been expanded to present the latest developments. Digital systems, however complex and intelligent they may be, must receive information from the outside world that is generally analog and not electrical. Sensors are interface devices between various physical values and the electronic circuits that "understand" only a language of moving electrical charges. In other words, sensors are the eyes, ears, and noses of silicon chips. Unlike other books on sensors, the Handbook of Modern Sensors is organized according to the measured variables (temperature, pressure, position, etc.). This book is a reference text for students, researchers interested in modern instrumentation (applied physicists and engineers), sensor designers, application engineers and technicians whose job it is to understand, select and/or design sensors for practical systems.
Electronics.
Microelectronics.
Physical measurements.
Measurement   .
Analytical chemistry.
Control engineering.
Robotics.
Mechatronics.
Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation.
Measurement Science and Instrumentation.
Analytical Chemistry.
Control, Robotics, Mechatronics.