Thyroid Eye Disease [electronic resource] /
Douglas, Raymond S.editor.
McCoy, Allison N.editor.
Gupta, Shivani.editor.
This book offers ophthalmologists and medical practitioners a concise, data-driven review of the information that is most relevant in guiding the diagnosis and management of thyroid eye disease (TED). Particular attention is devoted to research and clinical trials that have advanced the field in recent years. Progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of TED is described, and the heterogeneous natural history of TED is discussed to facilitate preemptive interventions. Advances in diagnostic evaluation, including autoantibody assessment, are reviewed with regard to their clinical utility. The diagnostic features of euthyroid TED are also carefully covered since these patients often represent a diagnostic dilemma. All relevant aspects of treatment are addressed including the role of radioactive iodine, long-term medical therapy, and surgical thyroidectomy. The impact of these treatment modalities on eye disease are discussed. Management of active TED is reviewed according to the severity of disease and in the light of recent findings and the introduction of novel agents. The discussion encompasses the role of steroids and other agents, the use of novel biologics, the medical and surgical treatment of optic neuropathy, and minimally invasive, customized reconstructive surgery. Numerous supporting images are included, and helpful checklists will aid the practitioner in treatment decision making.
Description based upon print version of record.
Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1: Diagnosis and Endocrine Management of Graves' Disease; Introduction and Pathogenesis; Clinical Spectrum; Extrathyroidal Manifestations; Graves' Dermopathy and Graves' Acropachy; Laboratory Evaluation and Thyroid Imaging; The Clinical Relevance of Anti-TSHR Antibodies; Differential Diagnosis; Clinical Course of Graves' Disease; Management of Graves' Disease; References; 2: Natural History of Thyroid Eye Disease; Introduction; Incidence, Epidemiology, and Relationship to Other Autoimmune Disorders; Clinical Features; Appearance and Exposure Changes
Periorbital Soft Tissue Inflammation and CongestionRestricted Ocular Motility and Strabismus; Compressive Optic Neuropathy; Grading Severity; Clinical Activity; Rundle's Curve; Disease Duration and Progression; Clinical Activity Score; Laboratory and Imaging; Trial of Therapy; VISA Classification; Overview; Specific VISA Sections; Risk Factors and Predictive Variables for Disease Severity; References; 3: Emerging Role of Fibrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Thyroid Eye Disease; Introduction; Orbital Pathology Associated with TED; What Role Does TSHR Play in TED?
Putative Importance of Fibroblast Heterogeneity in TEDRobust Responses of Orbital Fibroblasts to Specific Cytokines; Emergence of Fibrocytes as Potential Participants in TED; Fibrocytes Express Multiple "Thyroid-Specific Proteins"; Could Identification of Fibrocytes as Participants in TED Disclose Additional Therapeutic Targets?; References; 4: Management of Hyperthyroidism in the Setting of Thyroid Eye Disease; Introduction; Endocrine Management and TED; Medical Therapy; Radioactive Iodine; Thyroidectomy; Which Treatment Is Best for TED Patients?; Conclusions; References
5: Smoking and Prevention of Thyroid Eye DiseaseIntroduction; Association Between Smoking and TED; Biological Mechanisms Relating Smoking to TED; Smoking and Prevention of TED; Cessation of Smoking; References; 6: Nutrition and Supplements in Thyroid Eye Disease; Selenium; Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of TED; Selenium in the Management of TED; Concluding Remarks; References; 7: Pregnancy and Childhood Thyroid Eye Disease; Pregnancy and Thyroid Eye Disease; Autoimmune Disease and Pregnancy; Graves' Disease in Pregnancy and Postpartum; Thyroid Eye Disease in Pregnancy
Studies of TED During Pregnancy and PostpartumDifferential Diagnosis of Ophthalmopathy in Pregnancy; Therapeutic Options for TED During Pregnancy; The Therapeutic Interventions for TED During Pregnancy Include; Local Measures; Medical Therapy; Other Alternative Medical Treatments; Somatostatin Analogs; Orbital Radiotherapy; Surgical Therapy; Thyroidectomy; Summary; Pediatric Thyroid Eye Disease; Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis ("Neonatal Graves' Disease"); Pediatric Graves' Disease; Epidemiology of Pediatric Graves' Disease; Clinical Features of Pediatric Graves' Disease
Treatment of Pediatric Graves' Disease
Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.
This book offers ophthalmologists and medical practitioners a concise, data-driven review of the information that is most relevant in guiding the diagnosis and management of thyroid eye disease (TED). Particular attention is devoted to research and clinical trials that have advanced the field in recent years. Progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis of TED is described, and the heterogeneous natural history of TED is discussed to facilitate preemptive interventions. Advances in diagnostic evaluation, including autoantibody assessment, are reviewed with regard to their clinical utility. The diagnostic features of euthyroid TED are also carefully covered since these patients often represent a diagnostic dilemma. All relevant aspects of treatment are addressed including the role of radioactive iodine, long-term medical therapy, and surgical thyroidectomy. The impact of these treatment modalities on eye disease are discussed. Management of active TED is reviewed according to the severity of disease and in the light of recent findings and the introduction of novel agents. The discussion encompasses the role of steroids and other agents, the use of novel biologics, the medical and surgical treatment of optic neuropathy, and minimally invasive, customized reconstructive surgery. Numerous supporting images are included, and helpful checklists will aid the practitioner in treatment decision making.
Ophthalmology.
Endocrinology .
Ophthalmology.
Endocrinology.