Dynamics of Poverty in Rural Bangladesh [electronic resource] /
Rahman, Pk. Md. Motiur.author.
Matsui, Noriatsu.author.
Ikemoto, Yukio.author.
The study of poverty dynamics is important for effective poverty alleviation policies because the changes in income poverty are also accompanied by changes in socioeconomic factors such as literacy, gender parity in school, health care, infant mortality, and asset holdings. In order to examine the dynamics of poverty, information from 1,212 households in 32 rural villages in Bangladesh was collected in December 2004 and December 2009. This book reports the analytical results from quantitative and qualitative surveys from the same households at two points of time, which yielded the panel data for understanding the changes in situations of poverty. Efforts have been made to include the most recent research from diverse disciplines including economics, statistics, anthropology, education, health care, and vulnerability study. Specifically, findings from logistic regression analysis, polychoric principal component analysis, kernel density function, income mobility with the help of the Markov chain model, and child nutrition status from anthropometric measures have been presented. Asset holdings and liabilities of the chronically poor as well as those of three other economic groups (the descending non-poor, the ascending poor, and the non-poor) are analyzed statistically. The degrees of vulnerability to poverty are examined by years of schooling, landholding size, gender of household head, social capital, and occupation. The multiple logistic regression model was used to identify important risk factors for a household’s vulnerability. In 2009, some of the basic characteristics of the chronically poor were: higher percentage and number of female-headed households, higher dependency ratio, lower levels of education, fewer years of schooling, and limited employment. There was a low degree of mobility of households from one poverty status to another in the  period 2004-2009, implying that the process of economic development and high economic growth in the macroeconomy during this time failed to improve the poverty situation in rural Bangladesh.
Description based upon print version of record.
Dynamics of Poverty in Rural Bangladesh; Preface; Contents; Part I: Poverty Dynamics and Development; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Emergence of Poverty Dynamics as an Area of Enquiry; 1.2 Understanding of Poverty Dynamics; 1.3 The Process of Poverty Dynamics; 1.4 Emerging Issues of Poverty Dynamics; 1.5 Main Objective of the Study; 1.6 Plan of the Book; Chapter 2: Development Policies and Programs for Poverty Alleviation; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Macroeconomic Policies and Public Expenditure for Poverty Alleviation; 2.3 Targeted Public Policies and Expenditures for Poverty Alleviation
2.4 Social Welfare Programs for Poverty Alleviation2.4.1 Ministry of Women's Affairs in Poverty Alleviation; 2.4.2 Ministry of Youth and Sports in Poverty Alleviation; 2.5 Social Safety-Net Programs for Poverty Alleviation; 2.6 Microcredit Program and Poverty Alleviation; 2.6.1 Microcredit Programs of NGOs; 2.6.2 Microcredit Programs of Administrative Ministries/Divisions; 2.6.3 Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB); 2.7 Impacts of the Development Policies and Programs; Part II: Demography, Mobility, and Income; Chapter 3: Population, Household Characteristics and Poverty
3.1 Introduction3.2 Household Size and Structure; 3.2.1 Household Size; 3.2.2 Household Size and Poverty; 3.3 Dependency Ratio and Sex Ratio; 3.4 Gender of the Household Head; 3.4.1 Household Size and Gender of Household Head; 3.4.2 Marital Status of Household Head; 3.5 Poverty and Disability; Chapter 4: Housing and Household Facilities; 4.1 Structure of the Main House; 4.2 Access to Water, Toilet Facilities and Electricity; 4.2.1 Drinking Water; 4.2.2 Toilet Facilities; 4.2.3 Access to Electricity; 4.3 Fuel Used for Cooking; 4.4 Polychoric PCA Coef fi cients to Assess Housing Stock
Chapter 5: Inter-temporal Mobility of Poverty Status5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Methods of Mobility Measurement; 5.2.1 The Shorrocks Mobility Index; 5.2.2 Markov Chain Model; 5.3 Limiting Behaviour of Transition Probabilities; 5.4 Limiting Behaviour of Transition Probability Matrix P; 5.5 Mean Duration of Stay in a Particular Poverty Status; 5.6 Test of Hypothesis; 5.7 The Transition Count Matrix by Poverty Status; 5.8 Transition Probabilities and Markov Matrices; 5.9 Empirical Results and Discussion; 5.9.1 Estimated Value of Shorrocks Mobility Index (SMI)
5.9.2 Actual and Predicted Equilibrium Distribution5.10 Statistical Inference Regarding Equality of Transition Matrices; 5.11 Reasons for Mobility; 5.11.1 Reasons for Upward Mobility; 5.11.1.1 Work Opportunity; 5.11.1.2 Diversification of Income Sources; 5.11.1.3 Crop Diversification and Crop-Related Factors; 5.11.1.4 Social Factors; 5.11.2 Reasons for Downward Mobility; 5.11.2.1 Low Income with High Family Expenditure; 5.11.2.2 High Cost of Treatment; 5.11.2.3 Death of Main Income Earner; 5.11.2.4 Economic Factors Related to Demographics; 5.11.2.5 Natural Disasters; 5.11.2.6 Social Factors
Chapter 6: Distribution of Household Income
Includes bibliographical references and index.
The study of poverty dynamics is important for effective poverty alleviation policies because the changes in income poverty are also accompanied by changes in socioeconomic factors such as literacy, gender parity in school, health care, infant mortality, and asset holdings. In order to examine the dynamics of poverty, information from 1,212 households in 32 rural villages in Bangladesh was collected in December 2004 and December 2009. This book reports the analytical results from quantitative and qualitative surveys from the same households at two points of time, which yielded the panel data for understanding the changes in situations of poverty. Efforts have been made to include the most recent research from diverse disciplines including economics, statistics, anthropology, education, health care, and vulnerability study. Specifically, findings from logistic regression analysis, polychoric principal component analysis, kernel density function, income mobility with the help of the Markov chain model, and child nutrition status from anthropometric measures have been presented. Asset holdings and liabilities of the chronically poor as well as those of three other economic groups (the descending non-poor, the ascending poor, and the non-poor) are analyzed statistically. The degrees of vulnerability to poverty are examined by years of schooling, landholding size, gender of household head, social capital, and occupation. The multiple logistic regression model was used to identify important risk factors for a household’s vulnerability. In 2009, some of the basic characteristics of the chronically poor were: higher percentage and number of female-headed households, higher dependency ratio, lower levels of education, fewer years of schooling, and limited employment. There was a low degree of mobility of households from one poverty status to another in the  period 2004-2009, implying that the process of economic development and high economic growth in the macroeconomy during this time failed to improve the poverty situation in rural Bangladesh.
Development economics.
Public finance.
Statistics .
Development Economics.
Public Economics.
Statistics for Social Sciences, Humanities, Law.