Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids [electronic resource] : Principles /
Dakubo, Gabriel D.author.
The molecular and genetic signatures of cancer are represented in the peripheral circulation and other body fluids, giving rise to the "liquid biopsy" concept. This new paradigm of molecular profiling of cancer cells offers several advantages over traditional tissue biopsy. It is convenient, noninvasive, conforms to current clinical practice, enables real time disease monitoring and the study of tumor evolution, can easily be sampled multiple times, and this sample is more representative of the heterogeneous cancer cells than biopsy sampling. Indeed, all aspects of cancer molecular genetic information, stemming from DNA (both nuclear and mitochondria), RNA (coding and noncoding), peptides and proteins, metabolites and lipids are present in body fluids as free, cell surface bound or enclosed in membrane vesicles, and are being harnessed for disease management. Additionally, circulating tumor, and tumor stem cells provide prognostic information, and also enable the study of the intricate molecular processes associated with metastasis and drug resistance. This treatise deals with the general principles of the molecular pathology of cancer, and its associated imprints in circulation. The transitional process from discovery, prototype development, translational research, to product development can be complex and costly. The critical path to biomarker development and qualification for successful use in drug development is detailed herein as well. This book is of interest to Cancer Researchers, Oncologists, Clinicians, Surgeons, Medical Students, Nurses, Diagnostic Laboratories, and Pharmaceutical Industries.
Description based upon print version of record.
Preface; Contents; Chapter 1: Molecular Pathology of Cancer; Key Topics; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Functional Anatomy of the Cancer Cell; 1.3 History of Cancer Molecular Pathology; 1.4 Causes and Risk Factors of Cancer; 1.4.1 Infectious Causes of Cancer and Circulating Biomarkers; 1.5 The Biology of Cancer and Biomarkers; 1.6 Mutations as Cancer Biomarkers; 1.7 DNA Repair Mechanisms; 1.7.1 Direct Repair System; 1.7.2 Excision Repair; 1.7.2.1 Base-Excision Repair; 1.7.2.2 Nucleotide-Excision Repair; 1.7.2.3 Mismatch Repair; 1.7.3 Repair of Double-Strand Breaks
1.8 Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Gene Alterations as Biomarkers1.9 Cancer Signaling Pathway Alterations as Biomarkers; 1.9.1 The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) Signaling Pathway; 1.9.2 The Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Signaling Pathway; 1.9.3 The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathway; 1.9.4 The Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET) Factor Signaling Pathway; 1.9.5 The Janus Kinase (JAK) Signaling Pathway; 1.9.6 The Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGFbeta) Signaling Pathway; 1.9.7 The Nuclear Factor-kB (NF-kB) Signaling Pathway; 1.9.8 Src Signaling in Cancer Invasion
1.9.9 Control of the Cell Cycle1.9.10 Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Signaling; 1.9.11 The WNT/beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway; 1.9.12 The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway; 1.9.13 The Notch Signaling Pathway; 1.10 Cell Death Processes and Cancer; 1.10.1 Nomenclature for Cell Death Processes; 1.10.2 Apoptosis; 1.10.3 Cancer Initiation as Defects in Apoptosis; 1.11 Multistep Carcinogenesis and Early Detection Cancer Biomarkers; 1.12 Personalized Cancer Care; 1.12.1 Nomenclature of Targeted Therapies; 1.12.2 Tests of Interest in Personalized Oncology; 1.13 Epigenetic Modifications and Cancer
1.13.1 DNA Methylation1.13.2 Histone Modification; 1.13.3 The Cancer Cell Epigenome; 1.14 Genetic Alterations in Cancer; 1.14.1 Chromosomal Alterations; 1.14.1.1 Chromosomal Instability; 1.14.1.2 Microsatellite Alterations; 1.14.1.3 Gene Amplification; 1.14.1.4 Telomere Dysfunction; 1.14.2 Gene Mutations; 1.14.2.1 Cancer Genome Consortia; 1.15 The Cancer Cell Transcriptome; 1.16 The Proteome or Peptidome; 1.16.1 Serum Peptidome; 1.16.2 Serum vs. Plasma Proteomics; 1.16.3 Issues with Proteomic Biomarker Studies; 1.17 The Cancer Cell Metabolome; 1.17.1 Body Fluid Metabolomics; 1.18 Summary
Internet ResourcesReferences; Chapter 2: Advanced Technologies for Body Fluid Biomarker Analyses; Key Topics; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 High-Throughput Technologies for Biomarker Analyses; 2.3 Next-Generation Sequencing; 2.4 Single-Cell Analysis; 2.4.1 Whole Genome Amplification; 2.4.2 Whole Transcriptome Amplification; 2.4.3 Whole Genome Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells; 2.5 Proteomic Technologies for Body Fluid Analysis; 2.6 Gel Based (2D and DIGE); 2.7 Non-gel-based Proteomic Techniques; 2.7.1 Mass Spectrometry; 2.7.1.1 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI)-MS
2.7.1.2 Electrospray Ionization (ESI)
The molecular and genetic signatures of cancer are represented in the peripheral circulation and other body fluids, giving rise to the "liquid biopsy" concept. This new paradigm of molecular profiling of cancer cells offers several advantages over traditional tissue biopsy. It is convenient, noninvasive, conforms to current clinical practice, enables real time disease monitoring and the study of tumor evolution, can easily be sampled multiple times, and this sample is more representative of the heterogeneous cancer cells than biopsy sampling. Indeed, all aspects of cancer molecular genetic information, stemming from DNA (both nuclear and mitochondria), RNA (coding and noncoding), peptides and proteins, metabolites and lipids are present in body fluids as free, cell surface bound or enclosed in membrane vesicles, and are being harnessed for disease management. Additionally, circulating tumor, and tumor stem cells provide prognostic information, and also enable the study of the intricate molecular processes associated with metastasis and drug resistance. This treatise deals with the general principles of the molecular pathology of cancer, and its associated imprints in circulation. The transitional process from discovery, prototype development, translational research, to product development can be complex and costly. The critical path to biomarker development and qualification for successful use in drug development is detailed herein as well. This book is of interest to Cancer Researchers, Oncologists, Clinicians, Surgeons, Medical Students, Nurses, Diagnostic Laboratories, and Pharmaceutical Industries.
Human genetics.
Oncology  .
Cancer research.
Human Genetics.
Oncology.
Cancer Research.