Energy Supply Security 2014 [electronic resource]: Emergency Response of IEA Countries /
IEA.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentContributor
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentContent Provider
Paris : IEA,
2014.
Ensuring energy security is a core responsibility of the International Energy Agency and a priority for its member countries. To this end, the ability to respond quickly and effectively in the event of a supply disruption is essential. Energy Supply Security 2014: The Emergency Response of IEA Countries provides an overview of the most recent oil and natural gas emergency policy reviews of the 29 IEA member countries as well as those of key partners such as Chile, China, India and ASEAN. The publication assesses each country's emergency arrangements for security of supply of oil and gas, their stockholding structure, demand restraint measures and fuel switching capacity, and also provides a summary of energy security best practices among the IEA membership and beyond. Although the IEA was initially created to focus on oil supply security, energy markets have evolved, with other fuels playing increasingly important roles in the global energy mix. Thus, natural gas is highlighted in this publication, including assessments of measures to respond to and offset potential supply disruptions. Due to the increasing dependence of modern societies on reliable and secure electricity supplies, this publication also includes an overview of the electricity security assessment framework recently developed by the IEA for the purposes of strengthening countries' electricity security.
Foreword 3 Acknowledgements 5 Executive Summary 11 Chapter 1. Overview 13 -Introduction 13 -Defining energy security 13 -Establishment of the IEA 14 -Evolving oil market conditions 15 -The changing oil map 18 -Continuing concentration of oil demand in transportation 18 -Major oil supply disruptions and emergency response actions 19 -IEA emergency oil response measures 21 --Measures to increase oil supply 22 --Measures to reduce oil use 24 -Being prepared is key 25 -An evolving energy landscape 26 -References 27 Chapter 2. Emergency oil response systems in IEA countries 29 -Introduction 29 -Decision-making structure 29 -Stockholding requirements 29 -Stockholding systems of Iea countries 30 --Stockholding structure 31 --Location and availability 35 --Decision process for an IEA collective action 38 --Stock drawdown 39 --Financing and fees 39 -Other response measures 42 --Surge production 42 --Demand restraint 42 --Fuel switching 46 --Other short-term emergency response measures 47 -Concluding remarks 47 -References 48 Chapter 3. Natural gas security in IEA countries 49 -Introduction 49 -The growing role of gas in energy security 49 -Trends in natural gas supply and demand 50 -The relationship between gas and electricity generation 52 -How emergency response for oil and gas differ 53 -Possible emergency response measures for natural gas 54 -Emergency gas stocks 54 -Alternatives to emergency gas stocks: other possible emergency measures 56 --Supply response 56 --Demand response 57 --Interruptible contracts 57 --Fuel switching 57 -Overview of gas security of Iea countries 58 --The role of natural gas in IEA countries 58 --Import dependency 59 --Gas storage capacity 59 --External infrastructure resilience 61 --Policies and emergency measures 62 -Concluding remarks 64 -References 64 Chapter 4. Emergency response systems of individual IEA countries 65 -Australia 66 -Austria 81 -Belgium 96 -Canada 111 -The Czech Republic 126 -Denmark 140 -Estonia 155 -Finland 169 -France 184 -Germany 199 -Greece 214 -Hungary 229 -Ireland 244 -Italy 258 -Japan 272 -The Republic of Korea 287 -Luxembourg 302 -The Netherlands 315 -New Zealand 331 -Norway 346 -Poland 359 -Portugal 374 -The Slovak Republic 388 -Spain 403 -Sweden 418 -Switzerland 432 -Turkey 447 -United Kingdom 462 -United states 477 -References 493 Chapter 5. Emergency response systems of IEA partner countries 501 -Association of Southeast Asian Nnations (ASEAN) 502 -Chile 514 -The People's Republic of China 527 -India 540 -References 554 Annex A. Assessing electricity security 557 Annex B. Model of Short-term Energy Supply Security (MOSES) 561 Annex C. Definitions and methodology 565 Annex D. Summary of EU legislation on stocks of crude oil and petroleum products 573 Annex E. The legal basis for emergency response organisations, stockholding and the implementation of stockdraw and other emergency measures 575 Annex F. Developments in IEA emergency mechanisms 1974-2014 589 Annex G: List of acronyms 595
Ensuring energy security is a core responsibility of the International Energy Agency and a priority for its member countries. To this end, the ability to respond quickly and effectively in the event of a supply disruption is essential. Energy Supply Security 2014: The Emergency Response of IEA Countries provides an overview of the most recent oil and natural gas emergency policy reviews of the 29 IEA member countries as well as those of key partners such as Chile, China, India and ASEAN. The publication assesses each country's emergency arrangements for security of supply of oil and gas, their stockholding structure, demand restraint measures and fuel switching capacity, and also provides a summary of energy security best practices among the IEA membership and beyond. Although the IEA was initially created to focus on oil supply security, energy markets have evolved, with other fuels playing increasingly important roles in the global energy mix. Thus, natural gas is highlighted in this publication, including assessments of measures to respond to and offset potential supply disruptions. Due to the increasing dependence of modern societies on reliable and secure electricity supplies, this publication also includes an overview of the electricity security assessment framework recently developed by the IEA for the purposes of strengthening countries' electricity security.
Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
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