Mucosal Vaccines [electronic resource] : Modern Concepts, Strategies, and Challenges /
Kozlowski, Pamela A.editor.
Most human pathogens utilize mucosal surfaces to access the host. This volume is focused on the development of vaccines which generate immune effectors capable of blocking mucosal entry or peripheral pathogen spread. A critical first step in the design of mucosal vaccines is the selection of administration route. Not all mucosal immunization routes are created equally when it comes to eliciting immune responses in multiple body compartments. This subject and situations when a mucosal route may not be required for vaccine delivery are reviewed here with an emphasis on the sublingual immunization route, which may offer a safer alternative to the nasal route for induction of broadly disseminated immune responses. External host defenses that inhibit entry of microorganisms at mucosal surfaces also pose obstacles to the efficient internalization of mucosally-applied vaccines. Transcutaneous immunization with appropriate adjuvants and permeation enhancers can induce mucosal immune responses and may be advantageous for bypassing these luminal barriers. Other chapters describe strategies for enhancing uptake of mucosal vaccines, for instance through targeted delivery to antigen-sampling M cells, construction of virus-like particles which mimic natural pathogens, addition of mucoadhesives or formulation as nanoparticles. Topics include edible vaccines as well as plant-based production of subunit or particulate vaccines that could be administered by any route. Dry powder vaccines that could be insufflated or directly applied to mucosal surfaces may be particularly ideal for mass vaccination in developing countries. The manufacture, stability and efficacy of powder formulations is comprehensively reviewed. We conclude with chapters on two of the greatest challenges facing mucosal vaccine development: human immunodeficiency virus and bioterrorist agents. This monograph highlights progress and information that should prove invaluable for the development of contemporary vaccines that prevent infection by these and other mucosal pathogens.
Description based upon print version of record.
""Mucosal Vaccines""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""Contributors""; ""112 Mucosal Delivery Routes for Optimal Immunization: Targeting Immunity to the Right Tissues""; ""Abstract""; ""1â€?Introduction""; ""2â€?Mucosal Vaccines: An Unmet Need""; ""2.1 Considerations in Selecting a Mucosal or Parenteral Vaccine Delivery Route""; ""3â€?Compartmentalization and Cell Migration in the Mucosal Immune System""; ""3.1 Induction of Mucosal Immune Responses""; ""3.2 Tissue-Specific Homing of Mucosal Lymphocytes""; ""4â€?Mucosal Effector Sites Associated with Vaccination Routes""
""4.1 Intestinal, Nasal, and Vaginal Vaccination""""4.2 Sublingual Vaccination""; ""4.3 Transcutaneous Vaccination""; ""4.4 Parenteral Vaccination""; ""5â€?â€?â€?Tropical Barriersâ€?â€? to Mucosal Vaccines""; ""6â€?Surrogates of Mucosal Vaccine-Induced Immunity""; ""7â€?Perspectives""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""References""; ""113 Mucosal Immune Responses Induced by Transcutaneous Vaccines""; ""Abstract""; ""1â€?Introduction""; ""2â€?Transport of Antigen Through the Skin""; ""3â€?Immune-Responsive Cells in the Skin""; ""3.1 Keratinocytes""; ""3.2 Dendritic Cells""; ""3.3 T Cells""
""3.4 Other Immune-Responsive Cells""""4â€?Antigen Migration from the Skin""; ""5â€?Adjuvants for Transcutaneous Vaccines""; ""6â€?Mucosal Immune Responses to Transcutaneous Antigens in Murine Models""; ""6.1 Mucosal Antibody Responses in Mice Following TCI""; ""6.2 Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Mice Following TCI""; ""7â€?Mucosal Immune Responses After TCI in Humans""; ""8â€?Conclusion""; ""References""; ""134 M Cell-Targeted Mucosal Vaccine Strategies""; ""Abstract""; ""1â€?Introduction""; ""2â€?Characterization of M Cells in the Aerodigestive Tract""
""2.1 Immunobiological Features of M Cells""""2.2 Origin of M Cells""; ""2.3 Role of DC in Aerodigestive Tract""; ""3â€?Targeting Vaccines to Nasal M Cells for Induction of Specific IgA and CTL""; ""4â€?Intestinal M Cell-Targeted Vaccine Strategies""; ""5â€?Targeting M Cells for Induction of Tolerance""; ""6â€?Conclusion and Future Directions""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""References""; ""135 Virus-Like Particles for Antigen Delivery at Mucosal Surfaces""; ""Abstract""; ""1â€?Introduction""; ""2â€?Characteristics of VLP""; ""3â€?Vaccination Strategies""; ""3.1 Traditional Vaccines""
""3.2 Virus-Like Particles as a Vaccine Platform""""4â€?Mucosal Immunity, an Overview""; ""5â€?Examples of VLP Vaccines""; ""5.1 Human Papilloma Virus""; ""5.2 Influenza""; ""5.3 Norovirus""; ""5.4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus""; ""6â€?Conclusion""; ""References""; ""140 Recent Advances in Microparticle and Nanoparticle Delivery Vehicles for Mucosal Vaccination""; ""Abstract""; ""1â€?Introduction""; ""2â€?Mucosal Immunity to PLG/PLA Polymer-Formulated Microparticle Vaccines""; ""3â€?Modifications of Microparticles for Mucosal Vaccine Delivery""
""3.1 Attachment of Molecules to Particle Surfaces""
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Most human pathogens utilize mucosal surfaces to access the host. This volume is focused on the development of vaccines which generate immune effectors capable of blocking mucosal entry or peripheral pathogen spread. A critical first step in the design of mucosal vaccines is the selection of administration route. Not all mucosal immunization routes are created equally when it comes to eliciting immune responses in multiple body compartments. This subject and situations when a mucosal route may not be required for vaccine delivery are reviewed here with an emphasis on the sublingual immunization route, which may offer a safer alternative to the nasal route for induction of broadly disseminated immune responses. External host defenses that inhibit entry of microorganisms at mucosal surfaces also pose obstacles to the efficient internalization of mucosally-applied vaccines. Transcutaneous immunization with appropriate adjuvants and permeation enhancers can induce mucosal immune responses and may be advantageous for bypassing these luminal barriers. Other chapters describe strategies for enhancing uptake of mucosal vaccines, for instance through targeted delivery to antigen-sampling M cells, construction of virus-like particles which mimic natural pathogens, addition of mucoadhesives or formulation as nanoparticles. Topics include edible vaccines as well as plant-based production of subunit or particulate vaccines that could be administered by any route. Dry powder vaccines that could be insufflated or directly applied to mucosal surfaces may be particularly ideal for mass vaccination in developing countries. The manufacture, stability and efficacy of powder formulations is comprehensively reviewed. We conclude with chapters on two of the greatest challenges facing mucosal vaccine development: human immunodeficiency virus and bioterrorist agents. This monograph highlights progress and information that should prove invaluable for the development of contemporary vaccines that prevent infection by these and other mucosal pathogens.
Vaccines.
Immunology.
Antibodies.
Vaccine.
Immunology.
Antibodies.


Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology