Police & society /
Roberg, Roy R.
Revised edition of: Police & society /  Roy Roberg ... [et al.], 6th ed.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
pt. I. Policing foundations -- 1. Police in a democracy -- Police and government -- Police and Rule of Law -- Police, terrorism, and Homeland Security -- The U.S. Police System -- Police role and purpose -- Law enforcement or politics? -- Crime fighting or social service? -- Police activities and workload -- Police goals and strategies -- 2. Police history -- Policing in Nineteenth-Century England -- The first city police forces -- The county sheriff -- Vigilance committees -- Modern American policing -- The political era -- Police development -- The reform era -- 3. Legal issues -- Criminal procedure -- Searches and seizures -- Interrogations and confessions -- Civil liability -- Use of force -- 4. Police strategies -- Landmark studies of police effectiveness -- Patrol studies -- Response time studies -- Criminal investigation studies -- Improving crime-control effectiveness -- Improving police-community relations -- Improving professionalism -- Developing evidence-based practices -- Community policing -- Problem-oriented policing -- Intelligence-led policing -- Predictive policing --
pt. II. Police administration -- 5. Police management -- Managerial process -- Classical police management -- Behavioral police management -- Contemporary police management -- Organization design -- Criticisms of the paramilitary design -- Increasing influence of police paramilitary units -- Broken-windows and zero-tolerance policing -- Compstat process -- Police legitimacy and procedural justice -- Police performance -- Managing group behavior -- Police subcultures -- Employee organizations -- Police unions -- Media relations -- 6. Organizational change -- Resistance to change -- The Madison Experience -- The Chicago Experience -- Surviving leadership change -- Police job redesign -- Innovation -- Compstat -- Learning organizations and R&D -- Police-researcher partnerships -- Utilizing middle managers -- 7. Selection and development -- Recruitment -- Targeting females and minorities -- Targeting the service oriented -- Selection -- Preemployment standards -- Preemployment testing -- Recruit screening methods -- Americans with Disability Act (ADA) -- Recruit training -- Program orientation -- Philosophy and instructional methods -- Curriculum development and content -- Curriculum updates -- Field training -- FTO Program -- PTO Program -- Career growth -- 8. Field operations -- Patrol function -- Patrol methods -- Focused interventions -- Proactive arrests and crackdowns -- Guns and gang violence -- Focused deterrence initiatives -- Policing disorder : zero-tolerance and quality-of-life policing -- Problem-oriented policing focused on disorder -- Reactive arrests and intimate partner violence -- Dual arrest -- Police pursuits -- The investigative function -- Selected research on investigative operations -- Advances in physical evidence : AFIS and DNA -- Career criminal programs -- Bias crime programs -- Detective-patrol relationships -- Enticement and entrapment --
pt. III. Police behavior -- 9. Behavior and misconduct -- Perspectives of police behavior -- Socialization versus predisposition -- Decision making and police discretion -- Organizational variables -- Neighborhood variables -- Situational variables -- Individual (Officer) variables -- Career orientation -- Police deviance -- Types of deviance and misconduct -- Prevalence of police deviance -- Deviant officers -- Persistence of corruption -- Are gratuities a type of misconduct? -- Police sexual misconduct -- The Drug War and police deviance -- 10. Force and coercion -- Police-citizen interactions -- National estimates on police use of force -- Police culture and the use of force -- Controversy and the use of force -- Inappropriate force -- Brutality and excessive force -- Physical and psychological force in police history -- Frequency of excessive force and brutality -- Brutality in the Twenty-first century -- Deadly force -- Category 1 : death -- Category 2 : injury -- Category 3 : noninjury -- Racial considerations -- Legal and policy changes -- 11. Accountability and ethics -- Internal investigation -- Early warning/early identification system -- Civilian review -- Police auditor systems -- Professional standards -- Police Professionalization Movement -- Ethical standards -- Ethical perspectives -- Ethical dilemmas --
pt. IV. Contemporary issues -- 12. Diversity -- Racial minorities in policing -- Unequal treatment -- Performance of African American police -- Women in policing -- Unequal treatment -- Performance of women officers -- Affirmative Action -- Equal Employment Opportunity -- Reverse discrimination -- Increasing diversity in police departments -- Integration of minorities and women into policing -- Police culture -- Pregnancy and maternity -- Sexual harassment -- 13. Stress and officer safety -- Occupational stress -- Police stressors -- Emerging sources of stress -- Line-of-duty and crisis situations -- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -- Shift work -- Social supports and police stress -- Consequences of stress -- Alcohol abuse -- Drug abuse -- Suicide -- Marital and family problems -- Policies and programs -- Officer safety -- Danger and police work -- Safety and the mentally ill -- Improving safety and reducing fatalities -- 14. Higher education -- Federal programs and support for higher education -- Higher requirements for police -- Impact of higher education on policing -- Higher education and attitudes -- Higher education and performance -- Higher education and use of force -- Higher education promotion -- Higher education and job satisfaction -- Higher education and terrorism -- Higher education and Chief's Scholar Program -- Higher education and discrimination -- Higher education incentive programs -- Higher education requirements and policy implications -- 15. Emerging issues -- Changes in American Society -- Aging population -- Cultural diversity -- Shifting economics -- Immigration and migration -- Crime trends -- Cyber crime -- Eyewitness identification -- Shrinking budgets -- Modern technology -- Crime detention and crime solving -- Surveillance and privacy -- Communications and interoperability -- Social media -- Long-term trends -- Collaboration -- Privatization -- Federalization -- Militarization -- Terrorism and Homeland Security.
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