Signs in MR-Mammography [electronic resource] /
Kaiser, Werner A.author.
Magnetic resonance mammography (MRM) is opening new avenues in the diagnosis of breast cancer. It has been known for over 20 years that MRM can accurately detect breast cancers larger than 3 millimeters. The problem in recent years has been an international debate concerning methods, techniques, and the interpretation of the myriad images. For years, the phrase: high sensitivity but low specificity, has been used like a mantra to characterize MRM. But results in recent decades suggest that we can greatly increase this limited specificity by extracting and analyzing all of the morphologic and kinetic signs contained in the 1000-plus images from an MRM examination. In this book we will explore the current known signs in MRM and illustrate them with examples so that, in the future, this information can be applied in the practical interpretation of MR mammograms. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of death in women under age 50. It is hoped that when MRM is interpreted as described in this book, it can help to alleviate this major health problem by allowing breast cancers to be detected and treated at a earlier, curable stage.
Description based upon print version of record.
CONTENTS; General Information; Sign 1. No enhancement; Sign 2. Slow wash-in; Sign 3. Medium wash-in; Sign 4. Fast wash-in; Sign 5. Plateau curve; Sign 6. Rising curve; Sign 7. Washout curve; Sign 8. Round shape; Sign 9. Oval shape; Sign 10. Lobulated shape; Sign 11. Irregular shape; Sign 12. Well-circumscribed margins; Sign 13. Irregular margins; Sign 14. Blooming sign; Sign 15. Constant sharpness sign; Sign 16. Homogeneous enhancement; Sign 17. Heterogeneous enhancement; Sign 18. Centrifugal enhancement; Sign 19. Centripetal enhancement; Sign 20. Dark internal septations
Sign 21. Enhancing internal septationsSign 22. Segmental enhancement; Sign 23. Inflow enhancement; Sign 24. Regional unilateral enhancement; Sign 25. Multiple unilateral regional enhancement; Sign 26. Multiple bilateral regional enhancement; Sign 27. Diffuse unilateral enhancement; Sign 28. Diffuse bilateral enhancement; Sign 29. Stippled enhancement; Sign 30. Cobblestone enhancement; Sign 31. Reticular (dendritic) enhancement; Sign 32. Hypointensity on T2-weighted TSE images; Sign 33. Isointensity on T2-weighted TSE images; Sign 34. Hyperintensity on T2-weighted TSE images
Sign 35. Hook signSign 36. Root sign; Sign 37. Pectoralis muscle invasion; Sign 38. Unilateral perifocal edema; Sign 39. Unilateral edema; Sign 40. Intact ligament sign; Sign 41. Disrupted ligament sign; Sign 42. Prepectoral unilateral edema; Sign 43. Intact nipple line; Sign 44. Disrupted nipple line; Sign 45. Unilateral precontrast high intraductal signal on T1-weighted images; Sign 46. Bilateral precontrast high intraductal signal on T1-weighted images; Sign 47. Nipple retraction; Sign 48. Asymmetric nipple enhancement; Sign 49. Diffuse unilateral skin thickening
Sign 69. Shrinking star signSign 70. Clustered ring enhancement; Sign 71. Decrescendo sign; Sign 72. Crescendo sign; Sign 73. Staccato sign; Sign 74. Interrupted retroglandular fat layer; Sign 75. Continuous vessel sign; Sign 76. Antibiotic response sign; Sign 77. Antibiotic nonresponse sign; Sign 78. Vessel sign; Sign 79. Comet sign; Sign 80. Focal skin thickening; Sign 81. Permanent asymmetry of the breasts; Sign 82. Increasing asymmetry of the breasts; Sign 83. Precontrast signal too low; Sign 84. Precontrast signal too high
Sign 85. Maximum initial signal increase lower than the malignant threshold
Includes bibliographical references.
Magnetic resonance mammography (MRM) is opening new avenues in the diagnosis of breast cancer. It has been known for over 20 years that MRM can accurately detect breast cancers larger than 3 millimeters. The problem in recent years has been an international debate concerning methods, techniques, and the interpretation of the myriad images. For years, the phrase: high sensitivity but low specificity, has been used like a mantra to characterize MRM. But results in recent decades suggest that we can greatly increase this limited specificity by extracting and analyzing all of the morphologic and kinetic signs contained in the 1000-plus images from an MRM examination. In this book we will explore the current known signs in MRM and illustrate them with examples so that, in the future, this information can be applied in the practical interpretation of MR mammograms. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the leading cause of death in women under age 50. It is hoped that when MRM is interpreted as described in this book, it can help to alleviate this major health problem by allowing breast cancers to be detected and treated at a earlier, curable stage.
Radiology.
Oncology  .
Gynecology .
Diagnostic Radiology.
Imaging / Radiology.
Oncology.
Gynecology.