Practical crime scene processing and investigation /
Gardner, Ross M.
Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press,
c2012.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Introduction -- Police goals and objectives -- Evidence defined -- Interpretive value of evidence -- Good crime scene examinations and scene integrity issues -- Investigative ethics --
2. Understanding the nature of physical evidence -- Class and individual characteristics -- Fingerprint evidence -- Serology and biological evidence -- Trace evidence -- Hairs and fibers -- Glass -- Paints and polymers -- Soils -- gunshot residues (GSRs) -- Firearm and ballistic evidence -- Tool mark evidence -- Impression evidence -- General chemical evidence -- Document evidence -- Computer forensics -- Forensic pathology --
3. Actions of the initial responding officer -- Specific objectives of the initial response -- Documenting initial information -- Officer safety -- Emergency care -- Secure and control the crime scene -- Release the scene to appropriate authorities --
4. Processing methodology -- Basic activities of scene processing -- Assessing -- Observing -- Documenting -- Searching -- Collecting -- Processing / analyzing -- A processing model -- The adapted USACIDC processing model -- Initial notification -- Coordination, assessment, and team call-out -- Conduct initial observation -- Deal with the deceased -- Photograph the scene -- Document overall observations -- Sketch the scene -- Conduct a first recheck -- Release the body -- Collect items of evidence -- Conduct a second recheck of the scene -- Conduct a third recheck of the scene -- Check beyond the scene -- Conduct an on-scene debriefing of the investigative team -- Release or secure the scene -- Process and package evidence -- Conduct a formal debriefing --
5. Assessing the scene -- Debriefing the responding officers -- Scene scope and boundary assessment -- Scene integrity and contamination control -- Managing access -- Defining team composition -- Crime scene search considerations -- Search patterns -- Circle or spiral search -- Strip and line search -- Grid search -- Zone search -- Point-to-point search -- Personal protective measures and hazard identification -- Biohazard risks -- considerations for mass crime scene and mass casualty situations -- Pre-event considerations of crime scene supervisors -- Practical on-scene considerations for the mass scene -- Managing the media --
6. Crime scene photography -- What makes good photographs -- Recurring problems in crime scene photography -- Identification problems -- Orientation problems -- Confusion problems -- Incomplete documentation -- Types and purpose of crime scene photographs -- Overall photographs -- Corner or side: you decide -- Evidence-establishing photographs -- What's in a name: evidence-establishing vs. mid-range photos -- Evidence close-up and forensic quality photographs -- Road mapping method of photographic documentation -- Basic methodology to crime scene photography -- Camera control issues -- Video photography --
7. Crime scene sketching and mapping -- Essential sketch elements -- Variations of view in sketches -- Methods for crime scene mapping -- Rectangular coordinates -- Triangulation -- Baseline coordinates -- Polar coordinates -- Triangulation or rectangular coordinates on a grid -- Triangulation on a baseline -- Technology in support of crime scene mapping -- Total station mapping -- Scan station mapping --
8. Narrative descriptions : crime scene notes and reports -- Investigative notes -- Crime scene reports -- Characteristics of the scene -- Conditions of the scene -- Environmental conditions -- Factors pertinent to entry and exit -- Scene documentation -- Collection of physical evidence -- Search for latent fingerprints or DNA -- Additional examinations --
9. Basic skills for scene processing / Ross M. Gardner with don Coffey, Jeremy John and Tom Adair -- Applying light technology -- Shortwave ultraviolet light and reflected ultraviolet imaging systems (RUVIS) -- Longwave ultraviolet light -- Near-UV and violet/blue light -- Crime scene search with blue light -- Orange-red -- Infrared -- Heat energy and thermal imaging -- Choosing an alternative light source -- Recovering fingerprints -- The science of fingerprints -- Classification vs. identification -- AFIS fingerprint systems -- Collecting fingerprint evidence -- Surface characteristics -- Porous surfaces -- Nonporous smooth surfaces -- Nonporous rough surfaces -- Special surfaces or conditions -- On-scene fingerprinting techniques -- Cyanoacrylate fuming (superglue fuming) -- Basic brush-and-powder techniques -- Small-particle reagent -- Adding machine paper technique for human skin -- Crystal violet solution for adhesive tape -- Fingerprints in fire scenes -- Casting impression evidence -- Rubber casting compounds -- Electrostatic dust lifting devices -- Dental stone casting techniques -- Snow prints -- Gelatin and other adhesive lifters --
10. Shooting scene documentation and reconstruction / Ross M. Gardner and Michael Maloney -- Internal ballistics -- Terminal ballistics -- External ballistics -- Bullet defect verification through chemical evaluation -- Defining the bullet impact angle based on defect shape -- Direction of fire -- Use of trajectory rods and lasers to demonstrate bullet flight paths -- Describing zones of possibility -- Trajectory analysis documentation --
11. Applying bloodstain pattern analysis in the crime scene -- Bloodstain pattern analysis -- Theory and underlying principles of bloodstain pattern analysis -- The pattern diversity principle -- The principle of stain shape and vector correlation -- The physically altered bloodstain principle -- Methodology of BPA -- Classifying bloodstain patterns -- Documenting bloodstain patterns -- Presumptive tests for bloodstains -- Luminol enhancement of latent bloodstains -- Fluorescein enhancement of latent bloodstains -- Amido-black enhancement of latent bloodstains -- Infrared photography --
12. The body as a crime scene / Ross M. Gardner and Michael Maloney -- Examination of the corpse in situ -- Assessing -- Observing, documenting, searching, and collecting -- Examination of the corpse at the morgue -- Examination of a live individual -- Understanding basic mechanisms of injuries --
13. Special scene considerations -- Fire scenes -- Fire patterns -- Problems associated with fire scenes -- Fire scene methodology -- Landfill recoveries -- Problems associated with landfill recoveries -- Landfill recovery methodology -- buried and scattered remains -- Buried bodies -- Scattered remains -- Entomological evidence associated with bodies --
14. The role of crime scene analysis and reconstruction -- History of the concept of crime scene reconstruction -- Underlying principles of crime scene reconstruction -- Crime scene reconstruction methodology -- Scientific method used to resolve a specific investigative question -- Event analysis: reconstructing entire events -- Collect data, establish likely events -- Establish event segments from the data available -- Define associated event segments -- Order and sequence the associated event segments -- Audit the information -- Determine and final-order the events -- Final flowchart of the overall incident based on the event and event segment sequence -- Appendix A: Crime scene equipment -- Appendix B: Risk management.
Crime scene searches.
Criminal investigation.
Evidence, Criminal.