Molecular Aspects of Alcohol and Nutrition [electronic resource] : A Volume in the Molecular Nutrition Series
Patel, Vinood B.
Patel, Vinood BContributor
New York : Elsevier Science,
2015.
"Molecular Aspects of Alcohol and Nutrition is a valuable resource for nutrition researchers and nutritionists who study or treat alcohol-related diseases. Experts from across the field of alcohol research explain how alcohol disrupts normal fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolic processes occurring in the liver as well as other parts of the body.  The book discusses how this can lead to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) as well as contribute to the onset of Type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. It also explores how alcohol affects nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and can lead to anemia and reduced amounts of fat soluble vitamins.  This book explores both the primary and secondary consequences of alcohol consumption. Chapters in the first section investigate the basic science of alcohol metabolism  focusing on how alcohol and its toxic metabolites disrupt and impair normal nutrient regulation at the molecular level. Further chapters explore how alcohol affects many extra-hepatic organs and tissues as well as the secondary consequences of alcohol consumption such as reduced levels of minerals like magnesium, calcium, and trace elements like zinc."--
Description based upon print version of record.
Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Section I - General and introductory aspects -- Chapter 1 - Nutrients and Liver Metabolism -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Hepatic carbohydrate metabolism -- Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis -- Absorptive State -- Postabsorptive State -- Gluconeogenesis -- Regulation of Blood Glucose Levels -- Hepatic fat metabolism -- Hepatic Fatty Acid Uptake and Oxidation -- Regulation of Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation -- Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis -- Regulation of Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis -- Dietary Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism -- Hepatic amino acid metabolism -- Hepatic Amino Acid Catabolism -- Regulation of Amino Acid Metabolism -- Conclusions -- Key Facts Glucose -- Liver -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 2 - Alcohol Metabolism: General Aspects -- Introduction -- Alcohol metabolism -- The epigenetic changes of alcohol -- Conclusions -- Key Facts of Alcohol -- Summary Points -- References -- Section II - Molecular biology of the cell -- Chapter 3 - Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Molecular Aspects -- Abbreviations -- Overview of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases -- Human ALDH superfamily -- Human Alcohol-Metabolizing ALDH -- Nonalcohol-Metabolizing Human ALDH -- Modifications of ALDH and biomedical implications -- Acetylation -- Phosphorylation -- S-Nitrosylation -- Nitration -- Genomics of the ALDH superfamily -- Alternative Splicing of Human ALDHs -- Copy-Number Variation, InDel, and Insertions -- ALDH polymorphism in alcohol-related diseases -- Conclusions -- Key Facts on Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Member 2 (ALDH2) -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 4 - Alcohol Intake and Apoptosis: A Review and Examination of Molecular Mechanisms in the Central Nervous System -- Introduction.
Cell Death Through Necrosis and Apoptosis -- Necrosis -- Apoptosis -- Ethanol Activated Apoptosis in the CNS -- Fetal Alcohol Exposure -- Third Trimester Models -- First Trimester Models -- Stem Cell and Slice Culture Models -- Adolescent Ethanol Models -- Adult Models -- Molecular profiling of the effects of ethanol consumption in adolescent rats -- Conclusions -- Key Facts -- References -- Chapter 5 - Pathogenic Mechanisms in Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD): Emerging Role of Osteopontin -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- General mechanisms of ALD -- Alcoholic Liver Steatosis -- Alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis -- Alcohol Metabolism and Oxidative Stress -- Gut Permeability and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) -- ALD fibrosis - pathogenic mechanisms -- Overview of Liver Repair -- Role of Hepatocyte Injury-Death (Damage Associated Molecular Patterns, DAMPs/Other Signals) -- Immune Cells and Chemokines/Cytokines -- Contributions From Adipose Tissues and the Gut -- Role of OPN in ALD -- Introduction to OPN and its Role in Liver Disease -- Role of OPN in Chronic Liver Diseases -- Human -- Models -- Role of OPN in ALD -- Human -- Models -- Conclusions -- Key Facts in ALD and Osteopontin -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 6 - The Role of CD36 in the Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Related Disease -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- The structure-function relationship of CD36 -- Functional Binding Domains of CD36 -- Posttranslational Modification of CD36 -- CD36 and FA uptake -- CD36 Trafficking is Required for CD36-Facilitated FA Uptake -- Metabolic Consequences of Impaired CD36-Mediated FA Uptake -- Cardiac CD36 Expression and Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy -- Hepatic CD36 Expression is Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) -- CD36 Deficiency Protects Against Alcoholic Steatosis in Mice -- CD36 and Ca2+ signaling.
CD36-Mediated Eicosanoid Production and Inflammation -- A Link between CD36-Mediated Ca2+ Signaling and Alcoholic Liver Disease? -- CD36 as a pattern recognition receptor -- TLR4 Plays a Key Role in Alcoholic Liver Disease -- A Role for CD36-Mediated Pattern Recognition and Signaling in Alcoholic Liver Disease? -- CD36 in the brain -- Conclusions -- Key Facts of CD36 -- Summary Points -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 7 - Thiamine Deficiency and Alcoholism Psychopathology -- Introduction -- Biochemistry of thiamine pyrophosphate -- Secondary effects of thiamine deficiency -- Thiamine deficiency, mood and behavior -- Thiamine analogs -- Benfotiamine trial -- Conclusions -- Summary Points -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 8 - Vitamin B Regulation of Alcoholic Liver Disease -- Effects of chronic alcoholism on the availability of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 -- Folate -- Vitamin B12 -- Vitamin B6 -- Interactions of selected B vitamins in hepatic methionine metabolism with implications for alcoholic liver injury -- Effects of chronic alcohol exposure on methionine metabolic pathways -- Epidemiology and pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease -- Regulatory effects of altered reactions in methionine metabolism and its metabolites on mechanisms of alcoholic liver disease -- The ethanol-fed micropig model for the interaction of ethanol with methionine metabolism, and induction of alcoholic liver ... -- Effects of SAM in clinical trials of treatment of ALD -- Relationships of altered methionine metabolism to epigenetic regulation of gene expression in alcoholic liver injury -- Conclusion -- Key Facts -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 9 - Interactions Vitamin D - Bone Changes in Alcoholics -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Vitamin D metabolism -- Vitamin D among alcoholics -- Vitamin D deficiency and bone metabolism.
Direct Effects on Bone -- Effects on Muscle -- Vitamin D Deficiency, Falls and Fractures -- Vitamin D Deficiency and Brain Alteration -- Effects of therapy -- Effects of Abstinence -- Preclinical Studies and Clinical Trials -- Conclusion -- Key Facts -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 10 - Antioxidant Treatment and Alcoholism -- Importance of the antioxidant systems to the organism -- Antioxidant status in alcoholism -- Antioxidant treatment FOR alcoholism -- α-Tocopherol and Vitamin C -- Carotenoids -- Curcumin -- Epigallocatechin Gallate -- Ginsenosides -- GSH and Precursors -- Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) -- Puerarin -- Quercetin -- Resveratrol -- Selenium -- Silymarin -- Sulfur-Containing Compounds -- Conclusions -- Key Facts -- Summary Points -- Disclaimer -- References -- Chapter 11 - Selenium Dietary Supplementation and Oxidative Balance in Alcoholism -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Alcohol and malnutrition: selenium supplementation -- Alcohol and selenium tissue distribution: selenium supplementation -- Alcohol and oxidative balance: selenium supplementation -- Conclusion -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 12 - Role of Zinc in Alcoholic Liver Disease -- Introduction -- Zinc metabolism and function -- Occurrence of zinc deficiency in ALD -- Mechanisms of zinc dyshomeostasis in ALD -- Inadequate Dietary Zinc Intake -- Reduced Zinc Absorption From the Intestine -- Disturbed Zinc Metabolism in the Liver -- Increased Zinc Excretion From the Urine -- Beneficial effects of zinc on ALD -- Attenuation of Alcoholic Steatosis -- Suppression of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Inflammation -- Abrogation of Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Cell Death -- Extrahepatic Actions of Zinc Against Alcoholic Toxicity -- Intestinal Permeability and Endotoxemia -- Adipose Tissues and Adipokines -- Molecular mechanisms of zinc protection against ALD.
Inhibition of Oxidative Stress -- Suppression of ROS Generation -- Upregulation of Antioxidant Molecules -- Reactivation of PPAR-α and HNF-4α -- Hepatic PPAR-α and HNF-4α -- Intestinal HNF-4α -- Zinc supplementation in human ALD -- Conclusions -- Key Facts of Zinc in Alcoholic Liver Disease -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 13 - Interactions Between Alcohol and Folate -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Folates Absorption -- Liver Uptake -- Excretion of Folates -- Folate Metabolism -- Folate and Alcoholism -- Historic Background -- Effect of Ethanol on Intestinal Folate Absorption -- Effect of Ethanol on Renal Folate Reabsorption and Excretion -- Effect of Ethanol on Folate Metabolism in the Liver -- Effect of Ethanol on the Folate Transport to Colon, Pancreas, and Fetus -- Ethanol, Folate, and Oxidative Stress -- Conclusions -- Key Facts of Folate and Alcohol -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 14 - Effects of Acetaldehyde on Intestinal Barrier Function -- Introduction -- The intestinal epithelial barrier and apical junctional complex -- Generation and metabolism of acetaldehyde in the gastrointestinal tract -- Ethanol Absorption, Distribution, and Elimination -- Generation of Acetaldehyde and Metabolism -- Acetaldehyde Metabolism -- Genetic Variations in Ethanol and Acetaldehyde Metabolism -- Role of intestinal microbiota in production and metabolism of acetaldehyde -- Effects of acetaldehyde on intestinal barrier epithelial integrity -- Mechanisms of acetaldehyde-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction -- Effects on TJs and/or AJs Integrity -- Direct Damage to Epithelial Cells -- Modulation of acetaldehyde-induced intestinal epithelial barrier function -- Conclusions -- Summary Points -- References -- Chapter 15 - Cholesterol Regulation by Leptin in Alcoholic Liver Disease -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Alcohol metabolism.
Effects of alcohol on lipid metabolism.
"Molecular Aspects of Alcohol and Nutrition is a valuable resource for nutrition researchers and nutritionists who study or treat alcohol-related diseases. Experts from across the field of alcohol research explain how alcohol disrupts normal fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolic processes occurring in the liver as well as other parts of the body.  The book discusses how this can lead to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) as well as contribute to the onset of Type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. It also explores how alcohol affects nutrient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and can lead to anemia and reduced amounts of fat soluble vitamins.  This book explores both the primary and secondary consequences of alcohol consumption. Chapters in the first section investigate the basic science of alcohol metabolism  focusing on how alcohol and its toxic metabolites disrupt and impair normal nutrient regulation at the molecular level. Further chapters explore how alcohol affects many extra-hepatic organs and tissues as well as the secondary consequences of alcohol consumption such as reduced levels of minerals like magnesium, calcium, and trace elements like zinc."--
Ethanol
Molecular Biology
Alcoholism
Nutrition Disorders
Genetics
Alcohol-Related Disorders
Biochemistry
Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
Alcohols
Substance-Related Disorders
Biology
Biological Science Disciplines
Chemistry
Organic Chemicals
Diseases
Natural Science Disciplines
Mental Disorders