CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Lab-on-Chip Applications [electronic resource] : A Multidisciplinary Approach /
Ghafar-Zadeh, Ebrahim.author.
Sawan, Mohamad.author.
Laboratory-on-Chip (LoC) is a multidisciplinary approach toward the miniaturization, integration and automation of biological assays. A biological laboratory contains various pieces of equipment used for performing a variety of biological protocols. The engineering aspect of LoC design is aiming to embed all these components in a single chip for single-purpose applications. LoC is a young discipline which is expected to subsequently expand over the next few years, stimulated by considerable development of applications in the mechanical, biochemical and electrical engineering domains. Among various microelectronic devices employed for LoC applications, CMOS capacitive sensors have received a significant interest for several applications including DNA detection, antibody-antigen recognition and bacteria growth monitoring. The main components of CMOS capacitive biosensors including sensing electrodes, bio-functionalized sensing layer, interface circuitries and microfluidic packaging are verbosely explained in chapters 2-6 after a brief introduction on CMOS based LoCs in Chapter 1. CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Lab-on-Chip Applications is written in a simple pedagogical way. It emphasises practical aspects of fully integrated CMOS biosensors rather than mathematical calculations and theoretical details. By using CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Lab-on-Chip Applications, the reader will have circuit design methodologies, main important biological capacitive interfaces and the required microfluidic fabrication procedures to create capacitive biosensor through standard CMOS process.
Description based upon print version of record.
CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Lab-on-Chip Applications; Abbreviations; Chapter 1; Introduction; 1.1 Overview of Lab-on-Chip; 1.1.1 Main Objectives of LoC Systems; 1.1.1.1 Highly Throughput Screening; 1.1.1.2 Early Detection of Disease; 1.1.1.3 Point-of-Care (PoC) Testing; 1.1.1.4 Environmental Assessment; 1.2 From Macro to Micro Bioassays; 1.2.1 Micro-scale Liquid Handling; 1.2.2 Thermal Management in Microenvironment; 1.2.3 DNA Amplification; 1.2.4 Sample Handling; 1.2.5 Advantages of Performing Bioassays in Microscale; 1.3 CMOS-Based LoC; 1.3.1 Manipulation Methods; 1.3.2 Optical Techniques
1.3.3 Electrochemical Sensors1.3.4 Mechanical Sensors; 1.3.5 Magnetic Sensor; 1.3.6 Temperature Control; 1.3.7 Capacitive Sensing LoC; 1.4 Objectives and Organization of Book; Chapter 2; Capacitive Sensing Electrodes; 2.1 On-Chip Microelectrode Configurations; 2.1.1 Passivated Electrodes; 2.1.2 Unpassivated Electrodes; 2.1.3 Sensitivity-Enhanced Passivated Electrodes; 2.1.4 Quasi Interdigitated Electrodes; 2.1.5 Gold Electrodes on CMOS Chip; 2.1.6 Microfluidic Channel Integrated Atop Sensing Electrodes; 2.2 Micromachining Gold Electrode on CMOS Chip; 2.3 Electrical Model of Sensing Electrodes
2.4 SummaryChapter 3; Capacitive Bio-interfaces; 3.1 Biochemical Capacitive Sensing Methods; 3.1.1 Hybridization Detection; 3.1.2 Antibody-Antigen Recognition; 3.1.3 Living Cells Monitoring; 3.1.4 Organic Solvent Sensors; 3.1.5 Bacteria Growth Monitoring; 3.1.6 Polyelectrolyte Monolayer; 3.1.7 Detection of Protein Conformation; 3.2 Design of Recognition Element: An Example for Continuous Glucose Monitoring; 3.2.1 Introduction to Glucokinase-Based Glucose Sensor; 3.2.2 Immobilization of Glucokinase on Gold Electrode; 3.2.3 Glucose Testing; 3.3 Summary; Chapter 4
Capacitive Interface Circuits for LoC Applications4.1 LBCS Versus MBCS; 4.1.1 Instant Measurement; 4.1.2 Aqueous Measurement; 4.1.3 On-Chip Sensing Electrodes; 4.1.4 Measurement Time; 4.1.5 RC Model Sample; 4.2 LBCS Methods; 4.2.1 SC-Based Interface Circuit; 4.2.2 Time Constant Method; 4.2.3 Capacitive Inverter Amplifier; 4.2.4 CBCM Methods; 4.3 Core-CBCM Interface Circuit; 4.3.1 Principle of CBCM for Sensing Applications; 4.3.2 Two Transistors CBCM Sensor; 4.3.3 Opamp-Based Integrator Incorporated with CBCM Sensor; 4.3.4 Differential Current CBCM Techniques
4.3.5 Current Mirror Integrated with CBCM Structure4.3.5.1 Differential Voltage Technique; 4.3.5.2 Differential Current Technique; Ionic Conductive Solutions; Differential Capacitive Sensor; Sensor Characteristics; Linearity; Integrating Capacitor; Geometrical Issues of Transistors; Thermal Issues; Calibration Technique; Off-Chip Resistive Technique; Adjustable Current Gain; Further Modification; Practical Considerations; 4.4 Core-CBCM SD Capacitive Sensor; 4.4.1 Definitions; 4.4.2 Charge to Digital Converter; 4.4.3 Discussions; 4.4.4 Circuit Level Simulation Results; 4.4.5 Decoding Technique
4.4.5.1 Simple Decoding Method
Includes bibliographical references.
Laboratory-on-Chip (LoC) is a multidisciplinary approach toward the miniaturization, integration and automation of biological assays. A biological laboratory contains various pieces of equipment used for performing a variety of biological protocols. The engineering aspect of LoC design is aiming to embed all these components in a single chip for single-purpose applications. LoC is a young discipline which is expected to subsequently expand over the next few years, stimulated by considerable development of applications in the mechanical, biochemical and electrical engineering domains. Among various microelectronic devices employed for LoC applications, CMOS capacitive sensors have received a significant interest for several applications including DNA detection, antibody-antigen recognition and bacteria growth monitoring. The main components of CMOS capacitive biosensors including sensing electrodes, bio-functionalized sensing layer, interface circuitries and microfluidic packaging are verbosely explained in chapters 2-6 after a brief introduction on CMOS based LoCs in Chapter 1. CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Lab-on-Chip Applications is written in a simple pedagogical way. It emphasises practical aspects of fully integrated CMOS biosensors rather than mathematical calculations and theoretical details. By using CMOS Capacitive Sensors for Lab-on-Chip Applications, the reader will have circuit design methodologies, main important biological capacitive interfaces and the required microfluidic fabrication procedures to create capacitive biosensor through standard CMOS process.
Electronic circuits.
Biotechnology.
Biomedical engineering.
Circuits and Systems.
Biotechnology.
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering.
Analog Circuits and Signal Processing