Diffusion MRI Outside the Brain [electronic resource] : A Case-Based Review and Clinical Applications /
Luna, Antonio.author.
Ribes, Ramón.author.
Soto, Jorge A.author.
Diffusion MRI allows indirect estimation of the perfusion and cellularity of normal and abnormal tissues and has conventionally been used in the brain in order to evaluate ischemia, tumors, and other conditions. Application in other parts of the body has been hampered by the occurrence of motion and susceptibility artifacts. However, recent advances in MR technology are overcoming these hurdles, allowing the use of diffusion MRI in organs outside the brain. In this book, the authors present cases drawn from daily clinical practice to illustrate the role of diffusion sequences, along with other morphological and functional MRI information, in the work-up of a variety of frequently encountered oncological and non-oncological diseases. Breast, musculoskeletal, whole-body, and other applications are covered in detail, with careful explanation of the pros and cons of diffusion MRI in each circumstance. Quantification and post-processing are discussed, and advice is provided on how to acquire state of the art images, and avoid artifacts, when using 1.5- and 3-T magnets. Applications likely to emerge in the near future, such as for screening, are also reviewed. The practical approach adopted by the authors, combined with the wealth of high-quality illustrations, ensures that this book will be of great value to practitioners.
Diffusion MRI Outsidethe Brain; Foreword; Preface; Contents; List of Abbreviations; 1: Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: Acquisition and Biophysical Basis; 1.1 Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: Physical Basis and Types of Acquisition; 1.2 Fat Suppression Techniques; 1.2.1 Advanced Fat Suppression Techniques; 1.3 Motion Control; 1.4 Non-Single-Shot EPI Acquisition; Further Reading; 2: How to Identify and Avoid Artifacts on DWI; 2.1 Optimization of Signal to Noise Ratio; 2.2 Geometrical Distortion Artifacts; 2.3 Motion Artifacts; 2.4 Eddy Currents Artifacts; 2.5 Fat Suppression Artifacts
2.6 Dielectric Shielding Artifacts2.7 Tips in DWI Sequence Design for Body Applications; Further Reading; 3: Quantification and Postprocessing of DWI; 3.1 Biophysical Basis; 3.2 Estimation of Quantitative Data; 3.2.1 ADC and eADC Estimation with Two and Multiple b -Values; 3.2.2 Multiexponential Modeling of Diffusion; 3.2.2.1 Intravoxel Incoherent Motion; 3.2.3 Diffusion Tensor Imaging; 3.3 DWI Analysis and Postprocessing; 3.3.1 Diffusion Registration; 3.3.2 DWI Analysis and Postprocessing; 3.3.3 ADC Analysis; Further Reading
4: DWI at 3 T: Advantages, Disadvantages, Pitfalls, and Advanced Clinical Applications4.1 DWI at 3 T; 4.1.1 Advanced Clinical Applications at 3 T Magnets; 4.1.1.1 DWI Neurography; 4.1.1.2 Extracranial Applications of DTI; 4.1.1.3 IVIM Approach; 4.2 Pitfalls in DWI; 4.2.1 T2 Shine-Through; 4.2.2 T2 Dark-Through; 4.2.3 Restriction of Normal Structures; 4.2.4 Iron Overload; 4.2.5 Nonmalignant Lesions with Apparent Restrictions on DWI; 4.2.6 Tumors with Low Cellular Density; 4.3 Conclusions; Further Reading; 5: DWI of the Liver; 5.1 Background; 5.2 DWI: Basic Concepts
5.3 DWI: Basic Sequence Design5.4 Quantification; 5.5 Other Techniques; 5.6 Clinical Applications in Liver Disease; 5.6.1 Focal Liver Lesion Detection; 5.6.2 Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions; 5.6.3 Benign Focal Liver Lesions; 5.6.4 Malignant Focal Liver Lesions; 5.6.5 Focal Liver Lesions in the Cirrhotic Liver; 5.6.6 Monitoring Response to Treatment; 5.6.7 Diffuse Liver Disease; 5.7 Conclusions; Further Reading; 6: Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Pancreas; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Pancreatic Cancer; 6.3 Cystic Masses; 6.4 Other Applications; 6.5 Biliary Tract
Case 6.1 : Mass-Forming Focal PancreatitisComments; Imaging Findings; Case 6.2: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; Comments; Imaging Findings; Case 6.3: Serous Cystadenoma; Comments; Imaging Findings; Case 6.4: Pancreatic Pseudocyst; Comments; Imaging Findings; Case 6.5: Von Hippel Lindau Disease with Simple Pancreatic Cysts; Comments; Imaging Findings; Case 6.6: Mucinous Cystadenoma; Comments; Imaging Findings; Case 6.7: Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm; Comments; Imaging Findings; Case 6.8: Sclerosing Pancreatitis and Peripancreatic Collection; Comments; Imaging Findings
Case 6.9: Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Includes index.
Diffusion MRI allows indirect estimation of the perfusion and cellularity of normal and abnormal tissues and has conventionally been used in the brain in order to evaluate ischemia, tumors, and other conditions. Application in other parts of the body has been hampered by the occurrence of motion and susceptibility artifacts. However, recent advances in MR technology are overcoming these hurdles, allowing the use of diffusion MRI in organs outside the brain. In this book, the authors present cases drawn from daily clinical practice to illustrate the role of diffusion sequences, along with other morphological and functional MRI information, in the work-up of a variety of frequently encountered oncological and non-oncological diseases. Breast, musculoskeletal, whole-body, and other applications are covered in detail, with careful explanation of the pros and cons of diffusion MRI in each circumstance. Quantification and post-processing are discussed, and advice is provided on how to acquire state of the art images, and avoid artifacts, when using 1.5- and 3-T magnets. Applications likely to emerge in the near future, such as for screening, are also reviewed. The practical approach adopted by the authors, combined with the wealth of high-quality illustrations, ensures that this book will be of great value to practitioners.
Radiology.
Oncology  .
Imaging / Radiology.
Oncology.