Water Based Washing Operations at Industrial and Institutional Laundries [electronic resource] /
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentContributor
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentContent Provider
Paris : OECD Publishing,
2014.
This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals to be used in water washing machines at industrial and institutional laundries. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to chemicals used in water washing machines in laundries.
-Industry Summary and Background 15 -Laundry Classifications 15 -EPA's Effluent Guidelines Data 17 Process Description 18 -Water-Based Washing Process 18 -Forms of Wash Chemicals in the Water-Based Washing Process 20 -Chemicals Used in Water-Based Washing 22 -Detergent Formulations 22 -Bleaches 26 -Antichlors, Sours, Softeners, and Starches 27 -Physical Properties of Laundry Chemicals 27 Overall Approach and General Facility Estimates 31 -Introduction to the General Facility Estimates 31 -Operating Days 32 -Concentration of the Chemical of Interest in the Laundry Cleaning Product 32 -Use Rate of the Laundry Product 34 -Use Rate of the Chemical of Interest 40 -Number of Sites 41 -Annual Number of Containers Used per Facility 41 Envirionmental Release Assessments 43 -Control Technologies  44 -Container Residue (Release 1) 46 -Open Surface Losses to Air During Container Cleaning (Release 2) 49 -Transfer Operation Losses to Air from Loading Laundry Cleaning Product into Washers (Release 3) 51 -Dust Generation from Transfer Operations Released to Air, Water, Incineration, or Landfill (Release 4) 52 -Release to Air into the Worker's Breathing Zone from the Water-Washing Process (Release 5)  53 -Release from the Water-Washing Process (Release 6) 55 -Mass Balance 57 Occupational Exposure Assessments 59 -Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 60 -Number of Workers 61 -Exposure from Loading Laundry Cleaning Products into Washers (Exposure A) 61 -Exposure During Transport Container Cleaning (Exposure B) 67 -Exposure During Operations (Exposure C) 71 Sample Calculations 76 -General Facility Estimates 76 --Operating Days  76 --Concentration of the Chemical of Interest in the Laundry Cleaning Product  76 --Daily Throughput of the Chemical of Interest 76 --Number of Sites  77 --Annual Number of Containers per Facility 77 -Environmental Releases  77 --Container Residue (Release 1)  77 --Open Surface Losses to Air During Container Cleaning (Release 2)  78 --Transfer Operation Losses to Air from Loading Laundry Cleaning Products in Washers (Release 3) 78 --Dust Generation from Transfer Operations Released to Air, Water, Incineration, or Landfill (Release 4) 80 --Release to Air into Worker's Breathing Zone from Water-Washing Process (Release 5) 80 --Release from Water-Washing Process (Release 6)  81 --Mass Balance 82 -Occupational Exposures  82 --Total Number of Exposed Workers  82 --Exposure from Loading Laundry Cleaning Products into Washers (Exposure A) 82 --Exposure During Transport Container Cleaning (Exposure B) 83 --Exposure During Operations (Exposure C) 85 Data Gaps / Uncertainties and Future Work 87 References 88  Appendix A: Estimation Equation Summary and Default Value Documentation  Appendix B: Background Information and Equations/Defaults for the Standard CEB Environmental Release and Worker Exposure Models 
This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals to be used in water washing machines at industrial and institutional laundries. The document presents standard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupational exposures to chemicals used in water washing machines in laundries.
Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
Environment
Chemistry
Physical Sciences & Mathematics
Analytical Chemistry