Programming Machine Ethics [electronic resource] /
Moniz Pereira, Luís.author.
Saptawijaya, Ari.author.
This book addresses the fundamentals of machine ethics. It discusses abilities required for ethical machine reasoning and the programming features that enable them. It connects ethics, psychological ethical processes, and machine implemented procedures. From a technical point of view, the book uses logic programming and evolutionary game theory to model and link the individual and collective moral realms. It also reports on the results of experiments performed using several model implementations. Opening specific and promising inroads into the terra incognita of machine ethics, the authors define here new tools and describe a variety of program-tested moral applications and implemented systems. In addition, they provide alternative readings paths, allowing readers to best focus on their specific interests and to explore the concepts at different levels of detail. Mainly written for researchers in cognitive science, artificial intelligence, robotics, philosophy of technology and engineering of ethics, the book will also be of general interest to other academics, undergraduates in search of research topics, science journalists as well as science and society forums, legislators and military organizations concerned with machine ethics. .
Description based upon print version of record.
Foreword; Preface; Scope; Content; Reading Paths; Audience; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 Turing, Functionalism, and Emergence; 1.1 Turing Is Among Us; 1.2 Functionalism; 1.3 Emergence; 1.4 Concluding Remarks; References; Part I The Individual Realm; 2 The Individual Realm of Machine Ethics:  A Survey; 2.1 Truth-Teller and SIROCCO; 2.2 Jeremy and W.D.; 2.3 MedEthEx and EthEl; 2.4 A Kantian Machine Proposal; 2.5 Machine Ethics via Theorem Proving; 2.6 Particularism versus Generalism; 2.7 Concluding Remarks; References; 3 Significant Moral Facets Amenable to Logic Programming
3.1 Moral Permissibility3.1.1 The Doctrines of Double Effect and Triple Effect; 3.1.2 Scanlonian Contractualism; 3.2 The Dual-Process Model; 3.3 Counterfactual Thinking in Moral Reasoning; 3.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 4 Representing Morality in Logic Programming; 4.1 Preliminaries; 4.2 Abduction; 4.3 Preferences Over Abductive Scenarios; 4.4 Probabilistic LP; 4.5 LP Updating; 4.6 LP Counterfactuals; 4.7 Tabling; 4.8 Concluding Remarks; References; 5 Tabling in Abduction and Updating; 5.1 Tabling Abductive Solutions in Contextual Abduction; 5.1.1 Tabdual Program Transformation
5.1.2 Implementation Aspects5.1.3 Concluding Remarks; 5.2 Incremental Tabling of Fluents for LP Updating; 5.2.1 The Evolp/r Language; 5.2.2 Incremental Tabling; 5.2.3 The Evolp/r Approach; 5.2.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 6 Counterfactuals in Logic Programming; 6.1 Causation and Intervention in LP; 6.1.1 Causal Model and LP Abduction; 6.1.2 Intervention and LP Updating; 6.2 Evaluating Counterfactuals via LP Abduction  and Updating; 6.3 Concluding Remarks; References; 7 Logic Programming Systems Affording Morality Experiments; 7.1 Acorda; 7.1.1 Active Goals
7.1.2 Abduction and A Priori Preferences7.1.3 A Posteriori Preferences; 7.2 Probabilistic EPA; 7.2.1 Abduction and A Priori Preferences; 7.2.2 A Posteriori Preferences; 7.2.3 Probabilistic Reasoning; 7.3 Qualm; 7.3.1 Joint Tabling of Abduction and Updating; 7.3.2 Evaluating Counterfactuals; 7.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 8 Modeling Morality Using Logic Programming; 8.1 Moral Reasoning with Acorda; 8.1.1 Deontological Judgments via A Priori Integrity Constraints; 8.1.2 Utilitarian Judgments via A Posteriori Preferences; 8.2 Moral Reasoning with Probabilistic EPA
8.3 Moral Reasoning with Qualm8.3.1 Moral Updating; 8.3.2 Counterfactual Moral Reasoning; 8.4 Concluding Remarks; References; Part II The Collective Realm; 9 Modeling Collective Morality via Evolutionary Game Theory; 9.1 The Collective Realm of Machine Ethics; 9.2 Software Sans Emotions but with Ethical Discernment; 9.2.1 Introduction; 9.2.2 Learning to Recognize Intentions and Committing Resolve Cooperation Dilemmas; 9.2.3 Emergence of Cooperation in Groups: Avoidance Versus Restriction; 9.2.4 Why Is It so Hard to Say Sorry?
9.2.5 Apology and Forgiveness Evolve to Resolve  Failures in Cooperative Agreements
Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.
This book addresses the fundamentals of machine ethics. It discusses abilities required for ethical machine reasoning and the programming features that enable them. It connects ethics, psychological ethical processes, and machine implemented procedures. From a technical point of view, the book uses logic programming and evolutionary game theory to model and link the individual and collective moral realms. It also reports on the results of experiments performed using several model implementations. Opening specific and promising inroads into the terra incognita of machine ethics, the authors define here new tools and describe a variety of program-tested moral applications and implemented systems. In addition, they provide alternative readings paths, allowing readers to best focus on their specific interests and to explore the concepts at different levels of detail. Mainly written for researchers in cognitive science, artificial intelligence, robotics, philosophy of technology and engineering of ethics, the book will also be of general interest to other academics, undergraduates in search of research topics, science journalists as well as science and society forums, legislators and military organizations concerned with machine ethics. .
Engineering ethics.
Artificial intelligence.
Consciousness.
Engineering.
Engineering Ethics.
Artificial Intelligence.
Cognitive Psychology.
Robotics and Automation.
Computational Intelligence.