Toxins and Hemostasis [electronic resource] : From Bench to Bedside /
Kini, R. Manjunatha.editor.
Clemetson, Kenneth J.editor.
Markland, Francis S.editor.
McLane, Mary Ann.editor.
Morita, Takashi.editor.
Circulation of blood is vital for the survival of vertebrates, including man. Mainly, it plays an important role in carrying food nutrients and oxygen to every tissue and organ and in removing all waste products and carbon dioxide. Any imbalance in the hemostatic and cardiovascular systems can lead to death and severe debility. A number of animals have developed mechanisms to target these systems and exploit the vulnerability. In some species (for example, snakes), such mechanisms are used to immobilize and kill the victim/prey, whereas in others (for example, insects, such as leaches, mosquitoes and ticks), they are used to provide a continuous supply of blood. These mechanisms include, but are not limited to, procoagulant and anticoagulant actions that affect the coagulation cascade and platelet aggregation, as well as altering vasodilatory responses. In all these various animals, these mechanisms have evolved to perfection over millions of years to support their survival. In last 3-4 decades, due to the efforts of scientists from various backgrounds including biology, protein chemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, hematology, and structural biology, significant progress in understanding the structure-function relationships, as well as the mechanism of action have been made in a number of exogenous factors that affect blood coagulation, platelet aggregation and vasodilation from various animals. These exogenous factors have contributed significantly to the development of research tools as well as providing new therapeutic agents. With the increase average age of the population coupled with changes in life style in recent years, there has been a significant increase in cardiovascular and hematological disorders. Thus scientists in both academic institutions as well as the pharmaceutical industry are developing better therapeutic agents to improve the quality of life. This impetus has lead to the search for novel agents from various sources that interfere with cardiovascular and hematalogical processes. Although at first glance exogenous factors appear to function as 'villains', several life-saving drugs have been developed based upon these factors. Such drugs or drug leads include those that inhibit the angiotensin converting enzymes (Captopril and Enalapril), that block platelet receptors (Eptifibatide and Tirofiban), or that digest thrombotic plugs (Alfimeprase and bat plasminogen activator) to name a few. Several new and exciting success stories are currently unfolding. In this book, recent studies on some of the exogenous factors that play crucial roles in cardiovascular and hematological disorders are reviewed in order to consolidate the efforts in this area of research and to recruit new, talented researchers. The 25-30 review chapters, each written by experts in their field, compiled herein are devoted to exogenous factors affecting platelet aggregation, anticoagulant and procoagulant proteins, fibrinolytic proteins and hypotensive agents (For details see, Contents of the Book). This book is intended to help to create elevated awareness and enthusiasm in the field of exogenous factors. I believe that this book will provide greater impetus to the search for novel proteins based on naturally occurring exogenous factors. This will be the first book dealing extensively with exogenous factors in the last 25 years. The book will provide a ready reference to the different approaches used to solve complex problems in protein chemistry and pharmacology of exogenous factors. The book will update our understanding of the structure-function relationships and mechanisms of action of exogenous factors and provide great insights into future directions for solving the remaining challenges.
Description based upon print version of record.
Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; About the Editors; 1 Introduction; Introduction; References; Part I From Bench to Bedside; 2 From the Bothrops Jararaca Bradykinin Potentiating Peptides to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Part II The Omics The Search Is On; 3 Sialomic Perspectives on the Evolution of Blood-Feeding Behavior in Arthropods: Future Therapeutics by Natural Design; 4 Snake Venomics, Antivenomics, and Venom Phenotyping: The Mnage Trois of Proteomic Tools Aimed at Understanding the Biodiversity of Venoms
5 Insights in to Venom and Toxin Activities and Pharmacological/Therapeutic Potential Using Gene Expression Profiling6 Bioactive Peptides and Proteins from Wasp Venoms; 7 The Theory of Intraspecies Variation is Not the Exception, But Simply the Rule: The Diverse Hemostatic Activities of Snake Venoms; 8 Tiny Ticks are Vast Sources of Antihaemostatic Factors; 9 Sialogenins and Immunomodulators Derived from Blood Feeding Parasites; 10 Salivary Protease Inhibitors with Non Anti-Hemostatic Functions; Part III Anticoagulant Proteins; 11 Blood Coagulation Factor IX/Factor X-Binding Protein
12 Bothrojaracin A Potent Thrombin Inhibitor13 Anticoagulant Phospholipases A2 Which Bind to the Specific Soluble Receptor Coagulation Factor Xa; 14 Hematophagy and Inhibition of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Tenase Complexes; 15 Thrombin Inhibitors from Haematophagous Animals; 16 Anticoagulants from Scorpion Venoms; Part IV Antiplatelet Proteins; 17 The Discovery of Disintegrins; 18 Brief History and Molecular Determinants of Snake Venom Disintegrin Evolution; 19 Anti-Angiogenesis and Disintegrins; 20 Hematophagy and Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation
21 Snaclecs (Snake C-Type Lectins) that Inhibit Platelet ReceptorsPart V Fibrinolytic Proteins; 22 Plasminogen Activators from Snake Venoms; 23 Bat Plasminogen Activator: Desmoteplase -- From Bat to Bench to Bedside of Stroke Victims; 24 Fibrolase and Its Evolution to Clinical Trials: A Long and Winding Road; 25 Streptokinase; Part VI Procoagulant Proteins; 26 Activation of Factor X by Snake Venom Proteases; 27 Structural Aspects of the Factor X Activator RVV-X from Russells Viper Venom; 28 Snake Venom Prothrombin Activators -- The History
29 Origin and Evolution of Snake Venom Prothrombin Activators30 Thrombin-Like Enzymes in Snake Venoms; 31 Procoagulant Factors from Lonomia Caterpillars; 32 Staphylocoagulase; 33 Procoagulant Properties of Plant Latex Proteases; Part VII Platelet Aggregation Inducers; 34 The Biologic Activity of Aggretin/Rhodocytin, a Snake Venom C-Type Lectin Protein (Snaclec); 35 Snaclecs (Snake C-Type Lectins) that Activate Platelets; 36 The Effect of Bacterial Toxins on Platelet Function; Part VIII Hypotensive Factors; 37 Hypertensive and Hypotensive Snake Venom Components
38 Hypotensive Proteins from Hematophagous Animals
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Circulation of blood is vital for the survival of vertebrates, including man. Mainly, it plays an important role in carrying food nutrients and oxygen to every tissue and organ and in removing all waste products and carbon dioxide. Any imbalance in the hemostatic and cardiovascular systems can lead to death and severe debility. A number of animals have developed mechanisms to target these systems and exploit the vulnerability. In some species (for example, snakes), such mechanisms are used to immobilize and kill the victim/prey, whereas in others (for example, insects, such as leaches, mosquitoes and ticks), they are used to provide a continuous supply of blood. These mechanisms include, but are not limited to, procoagulant and anticoagulant actions that affect the coagulation cascade and platelet aggregation, as well as altering vasodilatory responses. In all these various animals, these mechanisms have evolved to perfection over millions of years to support their survival. In last 3-4 decades, due to the efforts of scientists from various backgrounds including biology, protein chemistry, molecular biology, pharmacology, hematology, and structural biology, significant progress in understanding the structure-function relationships, as well as the mechanism of action have been made in a number of exogenous factors that affect blood coagulation, platelet aggregation and vasodilation from various animals. These exogenous factors have contributed significantly to the development of research tools as well as providing new therapeutic agents. With the increase average age of the population coupled with changes in life style in recent years, there has been a significant increase in cardiovascular and hematological disorders. Thus scientists in both academic institutions as well as the pharmaceutical industry are developing better therapeutic agents to improve the quality of life. This impetus has lead to the search for novel agents from various sources that interfere with cardiovascular and hematalogical processes. Although at first glance exogenous factors appear to function as 'villains', several life-saving drugs have been developed based upon these factors. Such drugs or drug leads include those that inhibit the angiotensin converting enzymes (Captopril and Enalapril), that block platelet receptors (Eptifibatide and Tirofiban), or that digest thrombotic plugs (Alfimeprase and bat plasminogen activator) to name a few. Several new and exciting success stories are currently unfolding. In this book, recent studies on some of the exogenous factors that play crucial roles in cardiovascular and hematological disorders are reviewed in order to consolidate the efforts in this area of research and to recruit new, talented researchers. The 25-30 review chapters, each written by experts in their field, compiled herein are devoted to exogenous factors affecting platelet aggregation, anticoagulant and procoagulant proteins, fibrinolytic proteins and hypotensive agents (For details see, Contents of the Book). This book is intended to help to create elevated awareness and enthusiasm in the field of exogenous factors. I believe that this book will provide greater impetus to the search for novel proteins based on naturally occurring exogenous factors. This will be the first book dealing extensively with exogenous factors in the last 25 years. The book will provide a ready reference to the different approaches used to solve complex problems in protein chemistry and pharmacology of exogenous factors. The book will update our understanding of the structure-function relationships and mechanisms of action of exogenous factors and provide great insights into future directions for solving the remaining challenges.
Human physiology.
Hematology.
Pharmacology.
Human Physiology.
Hematology.
Pharmacology/Toxicology.