Biosimulation in Biomedical Research, Health Care and Drug Development [electronic resource] /
Mosekilde, Erik.editor.
Sosnovtseva, Olga.editor.
Rostami-Hodjegan, Amin.editor.
Biosimulation is an approach to biomedical research and the treatment of patients in which computer modeling goes hand in hand with experimental and clinical work. Constructed models are used to interpret experimental results and to accumulate information from experiment to experiment. The book explains the concepts used in the modeling of biological phenomena and goes on to present a series of well-documented models of the regulation of various cellular and physiological processes, emphasizing particularly the role of self-sustained biological activity. The way how the use of computer models allows optimization of the treatment of various diseases for individual patients is discussed and models of interacting nerve cells that can be used to design new treatments for patients with Parkinson's disease are explained. Furthermore this volume provides a discussion of the use of models in the pharmaceutical industry, and presents the view of the regulatory agencies on the topic.
Description based upon print version of record.
Biosimulation in Biomedical Research, Health Care and Drug Development; Preface; References; Contents; Contributors; Chapter 1 Modeling in Biomedical Research and Health Care; 1.1 Efficiency, Safety and Money, and the Challenge to Science; 1.2 Optimization of Dialysis; 1.3 Safe Operation of Anesthetic Systems; 1.4 Deep Brain Stimulation of Patients with Parkinson's Disease; 1.5 Migration of Cancer Cells; 1.6 Absorption of Subcutaneously Injected Insulin; 1.7 Formulation of a Dynamic Hypothesis; 1.8 Conclusion; References; Chapter 2 Concepts in Mechanism Based Modeling; 2.1 Problem Definition
2.2 The Role of Feedback Regulation2.3 Flow and Stock Variables; 2.4 Equations of Motion and the Direction of Causation; 2.5 A Simple Example of a Flow Diagram; 2.6 HIV Infection of the Immune System; 2.7 HIV Vaccination and Anti-Retrovirus Therapy; 2.8 Gene Therapy of AIDS; 2.9 Conclusion: Model Formulation; References; Chapter 3 The Approach to Model Building; 3.1 Flow Diagram for the Subcutaneous Absorption of Insulin; 3.2 Simulation Results for the Insulin Absorption Model; 3.3 Simulating Insulin Pump Operation; 3.4 Basic Model of Insulin-Glucose Regulation
3.5 Formulation of a Dynamic Hypothesis for Pulsatile Insulin Secretion3.6 Modeling Pulsatile Insulin Secretion; 3.7 Conclusions: A Good Model; References; Chapter 4 Emergence of Oscillatory Dynamics; 4.1 The Role of Instabilities and Oscillatory Dynamics; 4.2 Chemical Clocks; 4.2.1 The Brusselator; 4.2.2 Results for the Brusselator Model; 4.3 Hormonal Control Systems; 4.3.1 Pulsatile Production of Luteinizing Hormone; 4.4 Autoimmune Diseases; 4.5 Destabilization of a Periodic Orbit; 4.6 Opportunistic Infection; References
Chapter 5 Conductance-Based Models for the Evaluation of Brain Functions, Disorders, and Drug Effects5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Conductance-Based Modeling of Neural Dynamics; 5.2.1 Physiological Background: Basic Membrane Properties; 5.2.2 Modeling Functional Membrane Properties; 5.2.3 Model Implementation: Simplifications and Extensions; 5.3 Neuronal Excitability; 5.3.1 Voltage-Gated Currents and Action Potentials; 5.3.2 Simplifications of the Original Hodgkin-Huxley Equations; 5.3.2.1 A Two-Dimensional Conductance-Based Model of Spike Generation; 5.3.2.2 A Two-Dimensional FitzHugh-Nagumo Model
5.4 Ion Channels and Impulse Patterns5.5 Gap Junction Coupling and Neuronal Synchronization; 5.6 Chemical Synapses: The Main Targets of Drugs; 5.6.1 A Conductance-Based Model of Synaptic Transmission; 5.6.2 Modeling Synaptic Plasticity and Drug Effects; 5.6.2.1 Transmitter Release: Presynaptic Inhibition, Autoreceptors, Depletion, and Plasticity; 5.6.2.2 Transmitter Concentration: Degradation and Re-uptake Inhibitors; 5.6.2.3 Postsynaptic Receptors: Agonists and Antagonists, Up- and Down-Regulation; 5.6.2.4 Second Messenger Systems/Postsynaptic Currents and Potentials
5.7 Applications: Neurons and Synapses in a Model of Sleep-Wake Regulation
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Biosimulation is an approach to biomedical research and the treatment of patients in which computer modeling goes hand in hand with experimental and clinical work. Constructed models are used to interpret experimental results and to accumulate information from experiment to experiment. The book explains the concepts used in the modeling of biological phenomena and goes on to present a series of well-documented models of the regulation of various cellular and physiological processes, emphasizing particularly the role of self-sustained biological activity. The way how the use of computer models allows optimization of the treatment of various diseases for individual patients is discussed and models of interacting nerve cells that can be used to design new treatments for patients with Parkinson's disease are explained. Furthermore this volume provides a discussion of the use of models in the pharmaceutical industry, and presents the view of the regulatory agencies on the topic.
Pharmaceutical technology.
Pharmacy.
Medicine.
Biophysics.
Biological physics.
Bioinformatics.
Statistics .
Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology.
Pharmacy.
Medicine/Public Health, general.
Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics.
Computational Biology/Bioinformatics.
Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences.