Neuronal Input Pathways to the Brain's Biological Clock and their Functional Significance [electronic resource] /
Hannibal, Jens.author.
Fahrenkrug, J.author.
Circadian rhythms are entrained daily by environmental photic and non-photic cues. The present review describes the anatomy and functional characteristics of the three major input pathways to the circadian clock mediating entrainment, the retino-hypothalamic tract (RHT), the geniculo-hypothalamic tract (GHT) and the midbrain raphe projection.
Description based upon print version of record.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [53]-71).
Introduction -- The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) -- The endogenous rhythm of the SCN -- The SCN molecular clock -- Photic regulation of the circadian rhythm -- Retinal input - Neuroanatomy -- Neurotransmitters in the RHT -- Glutamate and PACAP -- Other neurotransmitters of the RHT -- RHT neurotransmitter receptors in the SCN.-Melanopsin - an irradiance detecting photopigment of the RHT -- Retinal input - Physiology -- Non-photic regulation of the circadian rhythms -- Midbrain raphe input - Neuroanatomy -- 5-HT and regulation of the circadian system -- The intergeniculate leaflet and the geniculohypothalamic tract - neuroanatomy -- Effects of NPY on circadian rhythm during subjective day -- NPY modulates light-induced phase shift during subjective night -- Summary.
Circadian rhythms are entrained daily by environmental photic and non-photic cues. The present review describes the anatomy and functional characteristics of the three major input pathways to the circadian clock mediating entrainment, the retino-hypothalamic tract (RHT), the geniculo-hypothalamic tract (GHT) and the midbrain raphe projection.
Medicine.
Biomedicine, general.

Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology