Environmental Monitoring using GNSS [electronic resource] : Global Navigation Satellite Systems /
Awange, Joseph L.author.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are revolutionizing the world in a way their original developers never envisaged.  From being military "war" tools, GNSS satellites are rapidly becoming "peace" tools that play a potentially critical role in enabling changing environmental phenomenon that do not permit direct measurements to be remotely observed via their all-weather, highly accurate and continuously updatable positional time series.  This is evident, for example, in their use in emerging environmental monitoring methods that are considered in this book. These include: GPS-based radio telemetry, which is enhancing ecological and conservation monitoring by more accurately mapping animal movements, their behaviours, and  their impact on the environment; GNSS-meteorology, which is contributing to weather and climate change studies;  GNSS-remote sensing, which, for example, allows the rapid monitoring of changes in fresh water resources and cryosphere; Geosensor network techniques, which are earning a crucial role in disaster response management; Epidemiology, for improved efficiency in tracking and studying the spread of infectious diseases and climate change effects on vector-borne diseases; and Economics, to provide data for the econometric modelling of  casual impact of policies. In Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA), and Sustainability Assessments (SA), GNSS, together with other spaced-based remote sensing techniques, are emerging, not only as modern tools that connect the developers to the community, but also provide information that support Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) methods, which inform decision making and policy formulations. By bringing the two fields of geodesy (the parent of GNSS technology) and environmental studies (potential users of this technology), this book presents the concepts of GNSS in a simplified way that can, on the one hand, be understood and utilised by environmentalists, while on the other, outlines its potential applications to environmental monitoring and management for those engaged more with its technology, which hopefully will further energise the already innovative research that is being carried out.  Lastly, this book is most relevant to all the professionals whose work is related to the environment such as hydrologists, meteorologists, epidemiologists, economist, and engineers, to name just a few. A comprehensive yet candid and compelling presentation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems and its application to environmental monitoring and a host of other socio-economic activities. This is an essential and new ground breaking reading for all professional practitioners and even academics seeking to study and become involved in using Global Navigation Satellite Systems in diverse fields ranging from environmental monitoring to economic activities such as monitoring weather and climate in order to design crop failure insurance.   Nathaniel O. Agola, Professor of Business and Financial Economics, Ritsumeikan University, Japan  .
Description based upon print version of record.
Environmental Monitoring Using GNSS; Foreword; Preface; Contents; 1 Environmental Monitoring; 1.1 Monitoring; 1.2 Satellite Monitoring; 1.3 Integration of GNSS With Remote Sensing Satellites; 1.4 Objectives and Aims of the Book; References; Part I Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS); 2 Modernization of GNSS; 2.1 Introductory Remarks; 2.2 GNSS Family and the Future; 2.3 Benefits of the Expanding GNSS Family; 2.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 3 The Global Positioning System; 3.1 Introductory Remarks; 3.2 GPS Design and Operation; 3.2.1 Space Segment; 3.2.2 Control Segment
3.2.3 User Segment3.3 GPS Observation Principles; 3.3.1 GPS Signals; 3.3.2 Measuring Principle; 3.4 Errors in GPS Measurements; 3.4.1 Ephemeris Errors; 3.4.2 Clock Errors; 3.4.3 Atmospheric Errors; 3.4.4 Multipath; 3.4.5 Satellite Constellation ``Geometry''; 3.4.6 Other Sources of Errors; 3.5 Concluding Remarks; References; 4 Mathematical Modelling; 4.1 Introductory Remarks; 4.2 Observation Equations; 4.3 Models; 4.3.1 Static and Kinematic Positioning; 4.3.2 Differential GPS (DGPS); 4.3.3 Relative Positioning; 4.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 5 Environmental Surveying and Surveillance
5.1 Environmental Monitoring Parameters5.2 Design of GNSS Monitoring Survey; 5.3 Mission Planning and Reconnaissance; 5.4 GNSS Field Procedures; 5.4.1 Single Point Positioning; 5.4.2 Static Relative Positioning; 5.4.3 Real-Time GNSS (RTGNSS); 5.4.4 Differential and Augmented GNSS; 5.4.5 Rapid Positioning Methods; 5.4.6 Real-Time Kinematic (RTK); 5.4.7 Precise Point Positioning (PPP); 5.5 Environmental Surveillance: CORS Monitoring; 5.6 Coordinate Reference System; 5.6.1 Datum; 5.6.2 Coordinate Systems; 5.6.3 Map Projection; 5.7 Concluding Remarks; References; 6 Data Processing and Adjustment
6.1 Introductory Remarks6.2 Processing of Observations; 6.2.1 Data; 6.2.2 Baseline Processing; 6.2.3 Solution Types; 6.2.4 Quality Assessment; 6.2.5 Adjustment of GNSS Network Surveys; 6.3 Least Squares Solution; 6.4 Online Processing; 6.5 Concluding Remarks; References; 7 Basics of Galileo Satellites; 7.1 Introductory Remarks; 7.2 Galileo Design and Operation; 7.2.1 User Component; 7.2.2 Global Component; 7.2.3 Regional Component; 7.2.4 Local Component; 7.3 Galileo Signals; 7.4 Concluding Remarks; References; Part II Applications to Environmental Monitoring
8 GNSS Maps in Environmental Monitoring8.1 Maps and Their Environmental Applications; 8.2 Types of Maps; 8.2.1 Thematic Maps; 8.2.2 Topographical Maps; 8.2.3 GNSS-Derived Topographical Maps; 8.2.4 Application to the Monitoring of Lake Jack Finney; 8.3 Concluding Remarks; References; 9 GNSS Remote Sensing of the Environment; 9.1 Introductory Remarks; 9.2 GNSS Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere; 9.2.1 Background to GNSS-Meteorology; 9.2.2 GNSS-Derived Atmospheric Parameters; 9.2.3 GNSS Remote Sensing Techniques; 9.3 GNSS Contribution to Remote Sensing of Gravity Variations
9.3.1 Mass Variation and Gravity
Includes bibliographic references and index.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are revolutionizing the world in a way their original developers never envisaged.  From being military "war" tools, GNSS satellites are rapidly becoming "peace" tools that play a potentially critical role in enabling changing environmental phenomenon that do not permit direct measurements to be remotely observed via their all-weather, highly accurate and continuously updatable positional time series.  This is evident, for example, in their use in emerging environmental monitoring methods that are considered in this book. These include: GPS-based radio telemetry, which is enhancing ecological and conservation monitoring by more accurately mapping animal movements, their behaviours, and  their impact on the environment; GNSS-meteorology, which is contributing to weather and climate change studies;  GNSS-remote sensing, which, for example, allows the rapid monitoring of changes in fresh water resources and cryosphere; Geosensor network techniques, which are earning a crucial role in disaster response management; Epidemiology, for improved efficiency in tracking and studying the spread of infectious diseases and climate change effects on vector-borne diseases; and Economics, to provide data for the econometric modelling of  casual impact of policies. In Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA), Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA), and Sustainability Assessments (SA), GNSS, together with other spaced-based remote sensing techniques, are emerging, not only as modern tools that connect the developers to the community, but also provide information that support Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) methods, which inform decision making and policy formulations. By bringing the two fields of geodesy (the parent of GNSS technology) and environmental studies (potential users of this technology), this book presents the concepts of GNSS in a simplified way that can, on the one hand, be understood and utilised by environmentalists, while on the other, outlines its potential applications to environmental monitoring and management for those engaged more with its technology, which hopefully will further energise the already innovative research that is being carried out.  Lastly, this book is most relevant to all the professionals whose work is related to the environment such as hydrologists, meteorologists, epidemiologists, economist, and engineers, to name just a few. A comprehensive yet candid and compelling presentation of Global Navigation Satellite Systems and its application to environmental monitoring and a host of other socio-economic activities. This is an essential and new ground breaking reading for all professional practitioners and even academics seeking to study and become involved in using Global Navigation Satellite Systems in diverse fields ranging from environmental monitoring to economic activities such as monitoring weather and climate in order to design crop failure insurance.   Nathaniel O. Agola, Professor of Business and Financial Economics, Ritsumeikan University, Japan  .
Environmental management.
Water pollution.
Nature conservation.
Environmental Management.
Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution.
Nature Conservation.
Environmental Science and Engineering