Evo-devo of child growth : treatise on child growth and human evolution /
Hochberg, Z.
Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Blackwell,
c2012.
"Bringing together the evolutionary theory of life history and principles from evo-devo, this book analyzes child growth and development in a presentation accessible to evolutionary biologists and clinicians. It shows how transitions between unique life-history phases relate to adaptive responses such as body composition, stature, and differences between male and female development. The book also explores how these transitions can illuminate the sequence and mechanisms of child growth, and serve as diagnostic tools for growth disorders. Researchers and students will find a broad range of theoretical and practical concepts discussed"-- Provided by publisher.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
"Bringing together the evolutionary theory of life history and principles from evo-devo, this book analyzes child growth and development in a presentation accessible to evolutionary biologists and clinicians. It shows how transitions between unique life-history phases relate to adaptive responses such as body composition, stature, and differences between male and female development. The book also explores how these transitions can illuminate the sequence and mechanisms of child growth, and serve as diagnostic tools for growth disorders. Researchers and students will find a broad range of theoretical and practical concepts discussed"-- Provided by publisher.
I. Introduction. A. Evolutionary thinking in medicine ; B. Evo-devo ; C. Life history theory ; D. Evolutionary perspective in child growth and maturation ; E. Child growth and the environment ; F. Heterochrony and allometry ; G. Adaptive plasticity in life history -- II. Child growth and the theory of life history. A. Life-history stages ; B. Transitions between life-history stages ; C. Developmental plasticity and adaptation ; D. Cultural adaptation to the environment ; E. Adaptive plasticity of attachment behaviors ; F. Note by George Chrousos on stress in early life : a developmental and evolutionary perspective. 1. Stress concepts ; 2. Stress mechanisms ; 3. Pathological effects of stress ; G. Note by Stefan Borenstein and Andreas Androutsellis-Theotokis on endogenous stem cells as components of plasticity and adaptation. 1. The adult mammalian brain : plastic or rigid? ; 2. Hidden plasticity potential in the brain ; 3. Neurogenic cell vs. neural stem cell ; 4. Does the role of neural stem cells change from the developing age to the adult? ; 5. The disconnect between neurogenesis and the presence of neural stem cells ; 6. Fetal vs. adult neural stem cells ; 7. Signal transduction of stem cell regulation ; 8. Beyond the nervous system ; 9. Conclusions -- III. Fetal growth. A. Endocrine and metabolic control of fetal growth ; B. The role of the placenta ; C. Developmental origins of health and adult disease (DOHaD) ; D. Imprinted genes and intrauterine growth ; E. Note by Alan Templeton on the evolutionary connection between senescence and childhood growth and development. 1. An evolutionary theory of aging ; 2. Thrifty genotypes and antagonistic pleiotropy ; 3. Thrifty genotypes and heart disease ; 4. Why we grow old : the answer -- IV. Infancy. A. The reproductive dilemma ; B. The obstetrical dilemma ; C. Growth of the infant ; D. Endocrine aspects of infantile growth ; E. Infancy -- childhood transition : determination of adult stature ; F. Weaning from breast-feeding -- V. Childhood. A. The weanling's dilemma ; B. The grandmother theory ; C. Growth of the child ; D. Endocrine aspects of childhood growth -- VI. Juvenility. A. The social/cognitive definition of juvenility ; B. Paleoanthropological juvenility and teeth eruption ; C. Adrenarche ; D. Juvenile body composition ; E. Growth of the juvenile ; F. Trade-offs for the timing of transition to juvenility ; G. Precocious juvenility ; H. The Pygmy paradigm for precocious juvenility ; I. Evolutionary perspective in precocious juvenility -- VII. Adolescence. A. Human evolution of adolescence ; B. Transition from juvenility to adolescence ; C. Pubertal growth -- VIII. Youth -- IX. Evolutionary strategies for body size. A. The little people of Flores ; B. Lessons from the great apes ; C. The handicap theory ; D. Sexual dimorphism ; E. The role of sex steroids -- X. Energy considerations. A. Endocrine control of energy expenditure ; B. Weaning and growth in a malnourished environment -- XI. Stage transitions : trade-offs and adaptive phenotypic plasticity. A. Transgenerational influences in life-stage transition ; B. Epigenetics and life-history stage transitions ; C. Note by Ken Ong on population genetics and child growth and maturation. 1. Genetic adaptation ; 2. The genetic epidemiology of child growth and maturation ; 3. Basic principles and heritability estimates from twin studies ; 4. More complex heritability models ; 5. Heritability is dependent upon the setting ; 6. Essential genes for childhood growth and maturation ; 7. Common genetic variants for childhood growth and maturation ; 8. GWAS findings lead to new biology ; 9. GWAS findings lead to new phenotypic understanding ; 10. Genetic adaptations for childhood growth and maturation ; 11. Conclusions ; D. Note by Moshe Szyf on the DNA methylation pattern as a molecular link between early childhood and adult health. 1. Introduction ; 2. DNA methylation patterns and their roles in cellular differentiation and gene expression ; 3. DNA methylation as a genome adaptation mechanism ; 4. Epigenetic programming by the early life social environment ; 5. Genome and system-wide impact of early life adversity ; 6. Prospective and summary -- XII. Life history theory in understanding growth disorders. A. Down syndrome ; B. Noonan's syndrome ; C. Silver-Russell syndrome ; D. Additional cases -- XIII. When the packages disintegrate -- XIV. Concluding remarks.
Child development.
Children
Human evolution.