prompter: Can you tell me how to format an url in rst?

assistant: In reStructuredText, URLs are formatted using the standard inline format, which is as follows:

```
`URL name <URL link>`_
```

For example, if you want to link to the Google homepage, the formatting would look like this:

```
`Google <https://www.google.com>`_
```

The _ at the end of the line is important, as it allows the URL to be recognized as an active link by reStructuredText parsers.

prompter: Can you tell what is the URL decoded string of %21

assistant: The URL decoded string of %21 is "!"

assistant: !

assistant: Here are example of url link format in rst `Click here to open site <http://www.example.org/>`_

prompter: I've not understood it. Can you explain it to me more thoroughly?

assistant: Sure. Let's look at the example given:

`Click here to open site <http://www.example.org/>`_

The link starts with ` and ends with `_  to signify the start and the end of the special syntax. You can place the text the reader can click on to reach the external page right after the starting `. You can do this up until the point where you type <, signifying the start of the actual URL. The URL is terminated by >, and the `_ ends the special syntax.

You can use this to offer your reader a more pleasing look for links than plain URLs.

assistant: Yes, sure! In reStructuredText (RST), you can format a URL by using the inline role syntax. Here's how you can do it:

`URL text <URL>`_

Where URL text is the text that you want to display for the link and URL is the actual URL that you want to link to.

prompter: Thank you so much, that's exactly what i needed

assistant: Yes, in reStructuredText (RST), you can format a URL in several ways. Here are a few common methods:


Inline Link:
An example of an inline link is `Google <https://www.google.com>`_.


Reference Link:
An example of a reference link is 

.. _Google: https://www.google.com


Automatic Link:
An example of an automatic link is <https://www.google.com>.


In all the examples above, when the RST file is compiled, the link text will be displayed as a clickable hyperlink in the final output (HTML, PDF, etc.).

assistant: I would assume "rst" being neither "Remote Switching Terminal", nor "Resolved Sexual Tension". Therefore, in Rust, a URL is a standard string, which can be parsed to the following components via the "url" create:

use url::{Url, Host, Position};
let issue_list_url = Url::parse(
    "https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open"
)?;

assert!(issue_list_url.scheme() == "https");
assert!(issue_list_url.username() == "");
assert!(issue_list_url.password() == None);
assert!(issue_list_url.host_str() == Some("github.com"));
assert!(issue_list_url.host() == Some(Host::Domain("github.com")));
assert!(issue_list_url.port() == None);
assert!(issue_list_url.path() == "/rust-lang/rust/issues");
assert!(issue_list_url.path_segments().map(|c| c.collect::<Vec<_>>()) ==
        Some(vec!["rust-lang", "rust", "issues"]));
assert!(issue_list_url.query() == Some("labels=E-easy&state=open"));
assert!(&issue_list_url[Position::BeforePath..] == "/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open");
assert!(issue_list_url.fragment() == None);
assert!(!issue_list_url.cannot_be_a_base());