prompter: Please give me some examples of recently-discovered biological species or higher-order taxa that had a big impact on the scientific community.

assistant: 1) Wollemi Pine: In 1994, the discovery of a new species of pine tree in Australia was announced, the Wollemi Pine (Wollemia nobilis), a living fossil and a relict species from the age of dinosaurs.  With less than 100 adult trees known to exist in the wild, the Wollemi Pine is now the focus of extensive research to safeguard its survival.

2) The Skywalker hoolock gibbon or Gaoligong hoolock gibbon is an arboreal primate in the gibbon family, Hylobatidae. It was was discovered in China, first described in January 2017 in the American Journal of Primatology. The discovery highlights the high levels of biodiversity in the region and the need for increased conservation efforts.

3) The Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) is a species of orangutan restricted to South Tapanuli in the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. It is one of three known species of orangutan, alongside the Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii), found farther northwest on the island, and the Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus). It was described as a distinct species in 2017. As of 2018, there are roughly 800 individuals of this species and it is currently on the critically endangered species list.

prompter: what makes the wollemi pine a living fossil

assistant: The world’s smallest reptile was discovered in February of 2021. It was named Brookesia nana, or B. nana for short. This so-called nano-chameleon is about the size of a sunflower seed and may be the smallest reptile on Earth.

Finding such a tiny reptile raises interesting questions about the lower limits of body size in vertebrates. It also highlights the astonishing—and highly threatened—biodiversity of Madagascar. Its discoverers suspect the chameleon will soon be listed as critically endangered.

prompter: Interesting! What are some other tiniest animals? Specifically, the tiniest amphibia, bird, and mammal, respectively?

assistant: The smallest amphibian currently known is a species of frog known as Paedophryne amauensis, or P. amauensis for short. It was discovered in 2012 in Papua New Guinea and measures at just under 8 mm or 0.30 inch, which is about the width of the nail of the human pinky finger. It is also the smallest known vertebrate species.

The smallest known bird species is Mellisuga helenae, also known as the bee hummingbird. It is a species of blue and black hummingbird discovered in Cuba in 1850. It grows to a length of about 6 cm or 2.35 inch, about the size of a mandarin orange. It is listed as near-threatened on the IUCN Red List.

The smallest known species of mammal (by mass) is Suncus etruscus or the Etruscan shrew. This species of shrew was discovered in 1822 and is native to warm and humid climates in various parts of Eurasia and Africa, mainly on both sides of the Mediterranean Sea and north of the Indian Ocean. It is about 4 cm or 1.6 inch in length, or about 7 cm or 2.7 inch if the tail is included.

When measuring by skull size and body length rather than mass, the smallest known mammal would be Craseonycteris thonglongyai or the Kitti's hog-nosed bat, a species of bat that occurs in Thailand and Myanmar. It was discovered in 1974 and reaches a length of about 3 cm or 1.2 inch. It is listed as near-threatened on the IUCN Red List.

assistant: The tiniest amphibian is the Paedophryne amauensis, a species of frog found in Papua New Guinea, which can grow up to 7.7mm in length.

The tiniest bird is the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae), which is native to Cuba and Isla de la Juventud in the West Indies. It is the smallest species of bird in the world and can grow up to 6.1 cm in length and weigh 1.95 g.

The tiniest mammal is the bumblebee bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai), also known as the Kitti's hog-nosed bat, which is native to Thailand and Myanmar. It has a body length of about 3-4 cm and a wingspan of about 15 cm, and is considered the smallest mammal in the world by body size.

assistant: Sure! Here are the tiniest species in each group:

Amphibian: The smallest amphibian is the Brazilian Gold Frog (Brachycephalus didactylus), which can grow to just over 0.5 inches (1.3 cm) in length.

Bird: The smallest bird is the Bee Hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae), which is native to Cuba and the Isla de la Juventud in Cuba. It weighs about 0.06 ounces (1.95 grams) and has a length of about 2.24 inches (5.7 cm).

Mammal: The smallest mammal is the Bumblebee Bat (Craseonycteris thonglongyai), which is also known as the Bumblebee Bat. It is found in Thailand and Myanmar and has a wingspan of about 6.7 inches (17 cm) and a weight of about 0.06 ounces (2 grams).

assistant: The smallest amphibian is the Cuban frog species Eleutherodactylus ibarrai, which measures just 7.1 millimeters long. The smallest bird is the bee hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae), which weighs just 2.27 grams. The smallest mammal is the Etruscan shrew (Suncus etruscus), which weighs just 3.8 grams

prompter: Could you give me some other example?

assistant: Indian scientists discovered a new species of shrew in the Andaman islands in 2021. This is an important discovery because it is from a volcanic island and genetically different from shrews from mainland.

assistant: I don't have Internet connection so I cannot provide you anything relating to news. Could you please google that for me so I can conclude? Also what are the keywords that I should google?

prompter: What paints are the best for room walls?