prompter: My 3D prints are warping at the corners. I am printing in PLA with a 60 degree celsius bed temperature and a 210 degree celsius nozzle with no enclosure and 25 degree celsius ambient air. I am printing on a textured PEI build plate with a properly set first layer height. How can I fix the warping problem?

assistant: Warping is a common problem in 3D printing and can be caused by a variety of factors, including bed adhesion, temperature, and material properties. Here are a few tips that might help you reduce or eliminate warping:

1.    Increase bed adhesion: Try applying a glue stick or hairspray to the build plate to improve bed adhesion. Another option is to use a 3D printing surface like BuildTak or Kapton tape to provide a better surface for adhesion.

2.    Control temperature: Warping can be caused by rapid cooling of the plastic, which can cause the corners to contract and lift from the bed. Try increasing the bed temperature by a few degrees or using a bed enclosure to regulate the temperature and reduce the amount of cool air hitting the print.

3.    Adjust material properties: Experiment with using a slower printing speed, smaller layer heights, or higher infill percentages to reduce the amount of material laid down at once. This can help to reduce the amount of warping by allowing the material to cool more gradually.

4.    Brim or raft: Consider adding a brim or raft to your print, which will provide additional material for the corners to adhere to, reducing the likelihood of warping.

5.    Calibrate your bed: Make sure your bed is level and properly calibrated. A tilted bed can cause the corners to lift and warp.

Try these tips one at a time and see if they help reduce the warping in your prints. If you're still having trouble, you may need to experiment with different combinations of these techniques or try a different printing material.

assistant: Warping in 3D prints is usually caused by a difference in temperature between the build plate and the surrounding air, which causes the plastic to shrink and bend. To reduce warping, it is important to maintain a consistent temperature on the build plate and in the surrounding air. Try to keep the build plate temperature at least 10 degrees Celsius higher than the ambient air temperature; in your case, this would mean keeping your bed temperature at 70-75 degrees Celsius. Additionally, you can use an enclosure around your printer to keep the temperature consistent. Finally, ensure that your first layer height is properly set and that your build plate is clean and free of debris.

assistant: Warping during 3D printing can occur for several reasons, including temperature changes, incorrect bed adhesion, or incorrect material selection. Here are some steps you can take to try to fix your warping problem:

Increase the bed temperature: Warping can occur when the bed temperature is too low, causing the corners of the print to cool too quickly. Increasing the bed temperature to 65-70°C may help to reduce warping.

Add a heated enclosure: Adding a heated enclosure around the build area can help to maintain a consistent temperature and reduce the effects of ambient air on the print.

Use a bed adhesive: Using a bed adhesive, such as hairspray or glue stick, can help to keep the corners of the print stuck to the bed, reducing the likelihood of warping.

Reduce the printing speed: Printing at a slower speed can reduce the warping that occurs as the print cools down.

Use a cooling fan: Using a cooling fan to cool the print more quickly can help to reduce warping, especially for the corners.

Switch to a different material: Some materials are more prone to warping than others. If you are using PLA, you could try switching to a more rigid material, such as ABS or PETG, which are less prone to warping.

These are just a few tips to help you reduce warping in your 3D prints. You may need to experiment with different combinations of these methods to find the one that works best for your specific situation. Good luck!