표준 온도 압력

섬네일 어떤 물질의 열역학량을 정의하기 위해서는 표준적인 상태를 정해야 할 필요가 있다. 이 표준을 **표준 온도 압력**(標準 溫度 壓力)이라고 한다. SATP(Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure)와 STP(Standard Temperature and Pressure)의 두가지 종류가 있는데, SATP가 보다 널리 쓰인다. IUPAC에서 정의한 것에 따르면 다음과 같다: * STP (1982년 이후): 온도 0 °C (273.15 K), 압력 1 bar (100000 Pa) * STP (1982년 이전): 온도 0 °C (273.15 K), 압력 1 atm (101325 Pa) * SATP: 온도 25 °C (298.15 K), 압력 1 bar (100000 Pa)
# 현재의 사용
{| class="wikitable" |+ **표 1: 현재 사용의 표준 참조 조건**

! 온도 !! 절대 압력 !! 상대 습도 !rowspan="2"| 제정 단체 |- !°C!!kPa!!% RH |- |align="center"|0||align="center"|100.000|| ||IUPAC (현재 정의)"Compendium of Terminology", 2nd Edition, 1997, IUPAC Secretariat, Research Triangle Park, P.O. Box 13757, NC, USA (former and present definitions) IUPAC Compendium url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524211724/http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/S05910.pdf |- |align="center"|0||align="center"|101.325|| ||IUPAC (이전 정의), NIST,"NIST Standard Reference Data Base 7 Users Guide", December 1969, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, USA NIST Data Base 7 url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629044700/http://www.nist.gov/srd/WebGuide/nist7/07_2.htm ISO 10780"Stationary source emissions – Measurement of velocity and volume flow rate of gas streams in ducts", ISO 10780, 국제 표준화 기구, Geneva, Switzerland ISO |- |align="center"|15||align="center"|101.325||align="center"|0 [4], [5]||ISA,"Handbook of Physics and Chemistry", 56th Edition, pp.F201-F206, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA ISO 13443,"Natural gas – Standard reference conditions", ISO 13443, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland ISO EEA,"Extraction, First Treatment and Loading of Liquid & Gaseous Fossil Fuels", Emission Inventory Guidebook B521, Activities 050201 - 050303, September 1999, European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark Emission Inventory Guidebookurl=http://reports.eea.eu.int/EMEPCORINAIR3/en/B521vs3.1.pdf EGIA"Electricity and Gas Inspection Act", SOR/86-131 (defines a set of standard conditions for Imperial units and a different set for metric units) Canadian Laws url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050103235031/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/E-4/SOR-86-131/95708.html |- |align="center"|20||align="center"|101.325|| ||EPA,"Standards of Performance for New Sources", 40 CFR--Protection of the Environment, Chapter I, Part 60, Section 60.2, 1990 New Source Performance Standards NIST"Design and Uncertainty for a PVTt Gas Flow Standard", Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Vol.108, Number 1, 2003 NIST Journal url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414044426/http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div836/836.01/PDFs/2003/j80wri.pdf# |- |align="center"|25||align="center"|101.325|| ||EPA"National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality Standards", 40 CFR--Protection of the Environment, Chapter I, Part 50, Section 50.3, 1998 National Ambient Air Standards |- |align="center"|25||align="center"|100.000|| ||SATP"Table of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties", National Bureau of Standards (NBS), Journal of Physics and Chemical Reference Data, 1982, Vol. 11, Supplement 2. |- |align="center"|20||align="center"|100.000||align="center"|0||CAGI"Glossary", 2002, Compressed Air and Gas Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA Glossary url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028065918/http://www.cagi.org/toolbox/glossary.htm# |- |align="center"|15||align="center"|100.000|| ||SPE"The SI Metric System of Units and SPE Metric Standard (Notes for Table 2.3 on page 25)", June 1982, Richardson, TX, USA (defines standard cubic foot and standard cubic meter) SPE url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125142251/http://www.spe.org/specma/binary/files/1004742metric_std.pdf# |- !°F!!psia!! % RH |- |align="center"|60||align="center"|14.696|| ||SPE, OSHA,"Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases" and "Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia", 29 CFR--Labor, Chapter XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Part 1910, Sect. 1910.110 and 1910.111, 1993 Storage/Handling of LPG url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060719085519/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid;=f169acd0f57a17565c9984fa0f57d285&rgn;=div8&view;=text&node;=29:5.1.1.1.8.8.33.10&idno;=29# SCAQMD"Rule 102, Definition of Terms (Standard Conditions)", Amended December 2004, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Los Angeles, California, USA SCAQMD Rule 102 url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219153207/http://www.aqmd.gov/rules/reg/reg01/r102.pdf# |- |align="center"|60||align="center"|14.73|| ||EGIA, OPEC,"Annual Statistical Bulletin", 2004, Editor-in-chief: Dr. Omar Ibrahim, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Vienna, Austria OPEC Statistical Bulletin url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219153207/http://www.opec.org/library/Annual%20Statistical%20Bulletin/pdf/ASB2004.pdf# EIA"Natural Gas Annual 2004", DOE/EIA-0131(04), December 2005, U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington, D.C., USA Natural Gas Annual 2004 url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427143426/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/FTPROOT/natgas/013104.pdf |- |align="center"|59||align="center"|14.503||align="center"|78||Army Standard Metro"Effects of Altitude and Atmospheric Conditions", Exterior Ballistics Section, Sierra's "Rifle and Handgun Reloading Manual, 5th Edition", Sedalia, MO, USA Exterior Ballistics url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060309023230/http://www.exteriorballistics.com/ebexplained/5th/31.cfm |- |align="center"|59||align="center"|14.696||align="center"|60||ISO 2314, ISO 3977-2"Gas turbines – Procurement – Part 2: Standard reference conditions and ratings", ISO 3977-2:1997 and "Gas turbines - Acceptance tests", ISO 2314:1989, Edition 2, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland ISO url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808113341/http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/ISOstore/store.html |- !°F!!in Hg!! % RH |- |align="center"|70||align="center"|29.92||align="center"|0||AMCA,ANSI/AMCA Standard 210, "Laboratory Methods Of Testing Fans for Aerodynamic Performance Rating", as implied here: http://www.greenheck.com/pdf/centrifugal/Plug.pdf when accessed on October 17, 2007 대기 밀도 = 0.075 lbm/ft³ |}
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