NLK-NML/MeSH-CZ-2025-notes huggingface dataset:
Rothmundův-Thomsonův syndrom: soubor příznaků autozomálně recesivně dědičného onemocnění manifestujícího se zprvu zejm. atrofickou teleangiektatickou dermatitidou s erytémem, poikilodermií v prvních měsících života. kolem 5. roku života se rozvíjí katarakta, předčasné šedivění vlasů a pleš, jsou poruchy vývoje nehtů a zubů, končetin (dysmelie), častá je hypoplazie varlat a juvenilní ateroskleróza; inteligence je normální. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2017 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/)
Round Ligament of Femur: ligament that connects the fovea of the femur head and the acetabulum notch in the hip joint
Round Ligament of Liver: a cord-like remnant structure formed from the closed left fetal umbilical vein. it is located along the lower edge of the falciform ligament
Round Ligament of Uterus: a fibromuscular band that attaches to the uterus and then passes along the broad ligament, out through the inguinal ring, and into the labium majus
Round Ligaments: cord-like fibrous tissue structure that connects two articular extremities of bones, ligaments and /or cartilages
Round Window, Ear: fenestra of the cochlea, an opening in the basal wall between the middle ear and the inner ear, leading to the cochlea. it is closed by a secondary tympanic membrane
Roundabout Proteins: a family of single-pass transmembrane receptors that act as the cognate receptors for the secreted guidance factor slit emanating from central nervous system midlines
Rous sarcoma virus: a species of replication-competent oncogene-containing virus in the genus alpharetrovirus. it is the original source of the src oncogene (v-src genes) and causes sarcoma in chickens
Routinely Collected Health Data: data collected for purposes other than research. examples include health administrative data, electronic health record data, and disease or clinical registry data
Rouxova Y-anastomóza: druh resekce žaludku, gastrojejunostomie (gastroenterostomie) end-to-side se slepou kličkou [c. roux]. chirurgická anastomóza ve tvaru y kterékoli části trávicího systému, která zahrnuje tenké střevo jako eventuální drenážní místo
Rovníková Guinea: přímořský stát ve střední africe. leží asi 200 km severně od rovníku mezi republikami kamerun a gabon, na západě přiléhá ke guinejskému zálivu, v němž nejbližším sousedem je svatý tomáš a princův ostrov. země je rozdělena na pevninskou a ostrovní část. dřívější španělská kolonie na tomto území se jmenovala španělská guinea (od r. 1926, předtím río mbini), po získání nezávislosti přijal nový stát jméno odrážející blízkost rovníku a guinejského zálivu. hlavní město malabo leží na ostrově bioko. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Roxarsone: an arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals
Roxithromycin: semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin. it is concentrated by human phagocytes and is bioactive intracellularly. while the drug is active against a wide spectrum of pathogens, it is particularly effective in the treatment of respiratory and genital tract infections
Rubber: a high-molecular-weight polymeric elastomer derived from the milk juice (latex) of hevea brasiliensis and other trees and plants. it is a substance that can be stretched at room temperature to at least twice its original length and after releasing the stress, retract rapidly, and recover its original dimensions fully
Rubber Dams: sheets of latex rubber punched and placed over the teeth during dental procedures to isolate the field of operation from the rest of the oral cavity (jablonski; illustrated dictionary of dentistry, 1982). rubber dams are useful in preventing the swallowing of instruments or restorations during dental work
Rubella: an acute infectious disease caused by the rubella virus. the virus enters the respiratory tract via airborne droplet and spreads to the lymphatic system
Rubella Syndrome, Congenital: transplacental infection of the fetus with rubella usually in the first trimester of pregnancy, as a consequence of maternal infection, resulting in various developmental abnormalities in the newborn infant. they include cardiac and ocular lesions, deafness, microcephaly, mental retardation, and generalized growth retardation. (from dorland, 27th ed)
Rubella Vaccine: a live attenuated virus vaccine of duck embryo or human diploid cell tissue culture origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of nonpregnant adolescent and adult females of childbearing age who are unimmunized and do not have serum antibodies to rubella. children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (dorland, 28th ed)
Rubella virus: the type (and only) species of rubivirus causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. humans are the only natural host. a live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis
Rubia: a plant genus of the family rubiaceae. the root is a source of red dyes (madder color and 1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione) and anthraquinones
Rubia: rod rostlin čeledi rubiaceae. kořeny obsahují červená barviva a anthrachinony
Rubiaceae: the madder plant family of the order gentianales (formerly rubiales), subclass asteridae, class magnoliopsida includes important medicinal plants that provide quinine; ipecac; and coffee. they have opposite leaves and interpetiolar stipules
Rubiaceae: čeleď vyšších dvouděložných rostlin z řádu gentianales (hořcotvaré), třídy rosopsida. mořenovité jsou 4. největší čeledí kvetoucích rostlin a jsou celosvětově rozšířeny. nejvýznamnější plodinou z této čeledi je kávovník. mnohé jiné druhy mají lékařský a farmaceutický význam (zejména chinovník a řemdihák plstnatý) a jsou především zdrojem rozličných alkaloidů. z některých druhů jsou získávána barviva nebo třísloviny. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Rubidium: an element that is an alkali metal. it has an atomic symbol rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. it is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells
Rubidium Radioisotopes: unstable isotopes of rubidium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. rb atoms with atomic weights 79-84, and 86-95 are radioactive rubidium isotopes
Rubinstein Taybi like syndrome: broad terminal phalanges of the thumbs and great toes, a slant of the palpebral fissures, and characteristic beaked noses
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome: a chromosomal disorder characterized by mental retardation, broad thumbs, webbing of fingers and toes, beaked nose, short upper lip, pouting lower lip, agenesis of corpus callosum, large foramen magnum, keloid formation, pulmonary stenosis, vertebral anomalies, chest wall anomalies, sleep apnea, and megacolon. the disease has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and is associated with deletions of the short arm of chromosome 16 (16p13.3)
Rubinsteinův-Taybiho syndrom: vrozená anomálie s mentální retardací, velkými palci na rukou i nohou, antimongoloidním sklonem očí, tenkým zobákovitým nosem, nízko posazenýma ušima, srdečními anomáliemi a často malým vzrůstem. způsoben mikrodelecí 16p13, někdy též nazýván otopalatodigitální syndrom. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ )
Rubivirus: a genus of the family togaviridae containing only one recognized species, rubella virus. transmission is primarily by aerosolization
Rubivirus: rod virů čeledi togaviridae, který obsahuje pouze jediný popsaný druh, virus zarděnek. k přenosu dochází primárně aerosolem
Rubivirus Infections: virus diseases caused by the rubivirus genus, of the family togaviridae
Rubredoxins: a class of iron-sulfur proteins that contains one iron coordinated to the sulfur atom of four cysteine residues. (mcgraw-hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms, 5th ed)
Rubulavirus: a genus of the family paramyxoviridae (subfamily paramyxovirinae) where all the species have hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities but lack a c protein. mumps virus is the type species
Rubulavirus: rod virů podčeledi paramyxovirinae, čeledi paramyxoviridae. všechny druhy mají hemaglutininovou aktivitu a neuraminidázovou aktivitu, ale nekódují protein c. typovým druhem je virus příušnic
Rubulavirus Infections: infections with viruses of the genus rubulavirus, family paramyxoviridae
Rubus: a plant genus of the family rosaceae whose members include blackberries and raspberries
Rubus: velký rod známých rostlin z čeledi rosaceae (růžovité). jejich plody jsou známé jako ostružiny a maliny. plané a šlechtěné ostružiníky, které nenesou maliny, ale ostružiny - souplodí červeno modré (fialové, fialovočerné) - odlišujeme nesystematickým společným názvem ostružiny. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Rudbeckia: a plant genus of the family asteraceae. some rudbeckia species have been reclassified to echinacea; ratibida; or helianthus
Rudbeckia: rod rostlin čeledi asteraceae. některé druhy byly převedeny do rodů echinacea, ratibida nebo helianthus
Rudiger Syndrome: distinct from rudiger syndrome 1; distinct facies, low-pitched, hoarse voice, short digits, palmar flexion contractures, hypoplastic fingernails, bilateral ureterovesical stenosis, urogenital abnormalities, simian creases, abnormal digits
Rudiviridae: family of rod-shaped dna viruses infecting archaea. they lack viral envelopes or lipids
Rudiviridae: čeleď neobalených, tyčinkovitých, archeálních dna virů
Rugby: team sport game played on a rectangular field with an oval ball by two teams of 15 players (in rugby union play) or 13 players (in rugby league play)
Rumen: the first stomach of ruminants. it lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. it is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. the rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. when this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (from black's veterinary dictionary, 17th ed)
Rumex: a plant genus of the family polygonaceae that contains patientosides and other naphthalene glycosides
Rumex: rod rostlin čeledi polygonaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují naftalenové glykosidy
Ruminants: a suborder of the order artiodactyla whose members have the distinguishing feature of a four-chambered stomach, including the capacious rumen. horns or antlers are usually present, at least in males
Rumination Syndrome: a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by repetitive and effortless regurgitation of ingested food from the stomach to the oral cavity in the early postprandial period. it is associated with functional gastrointestinal pathology (e.g., increased intra-gastric pressure) and psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression). it is not limited to infants and distinct from gerd and vomiting
Rumination, Digestive: regurgitation and re-chewing of previously swallowed food in ruminants
Ruminococcus: a genus of gram-positive bacteria in the family lachnospiraceae that inhabits the rumen; large intestine; and cecum of mammals
Ruminococcus: rod grampozitivních bakterií čeledi lachnospiraceae, které žijí v bachoru, tlustém střevě a céku savců
Rumunsko: stát na balkánském poloostrově v jihovýchodní části evropy. sousedí s ukrajinou a moldavskem na severovýchodě, s maďarskem na severozápadě, se srbskem na západě a s bulharskem na jihu. východní břehy země omývají vody černého moře. hlavní město je bukurešť
Runaway Behavior: a behavioral response manifested by leaving home in order to escape from threatening situations. children or adolescents leaving home without permission is usually implied
Running: an activity in which the body is propelled by moving the legs rapidly. running is performed at a moderate to rapid pace and should be differentiated from jogging, which is performed at a much slower pace
Rupicapra: a genus of ruminants in the family bovidae. the common name chamois usually refers to the species rupicapra rupicapra. rupicapra pyrenaica, found in the pyrenees, is more properly referred to as the pyrenean chamois
Rupicapra: rod divokých horských koz s dozadu zahnutými růžky. patří sem dva druhy: rupicapra rupicapra (kamzík horský) a rupicapra pyrenaica (kamzík středozemní). českým rodovým jménem kamzík se označuje také kamzík bělák (oreamnos americanus), který nepatří mezi kozy. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Rupture: forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body
Rupture, Spontaneous: tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force
Rural Health Services: health services, public or private, in rural areas. the services include the promotion of health and the delivery of health care
Rural Nursing: a branch of nursing requiring generalist training with specialty knowledge in crisis assessment and management in all subdisciplines of nursing. rural nursing practices often include geographical and social distance concepts in delivery of health care
Ruscus: a plant genus of the family asparagaceae. this should not be confused with broom or scotch broom (cytisus) or desert broom (baccharis) or spanish broom (spartium) or brome (bromus)
Rusko: země nacházející se v severní asii hraničící se severním ledovým oceánem, rozprostírající se od evropy (část západně od uralu) po severní tichý oceán. hlavním městem je moskva. ruská federace je hlavním následnickým státem sovětského svazu (sssr), který se rozpadl roku 1991
Rusko (před 1917): monarchie (carství) nacházející se v severní asii hraničící se severním ledovým oceánem, rozprostírající se od evropy (část západně od uralu) po severní tichý oceán. petrohrad (sankt-petěrburg) byl hlavním městem v letech 1712-1918. moskva byla hlavním městem před petrohradem a po něm
Russia: a country located in north asia bordering the arctic ocean, extending from europe (the portion west of the urals) to the north pacific ocean. the capital is moscow
Russia (Pre-1917): a monarchy located in north asia bordering the arctic ocean, extending from europe (the portion west of the urals) to the north pacific ocean. st petersburg was the capital 1712-1918. moscow was the capital before st. petersburg and following it
Russian-Japanese War: conflict from 1904 through 1905 between russia and japan regarding manchuria and korea
Ruta: rod rostlin čeledi rutaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují chinolinové alkaloidy
Rutaceae: a plant family in the order sapindales that grows in warmer regions and has conspicuous flowers
Rutaceae: čeleď vyšších dvouděložných rostlin z řádu mýdelníkotvaré (sapindales), která obsahuje asi 150 rodů a přibližně okolo 900 druhů rozšířených hlavně v tropech, subtropech a temperátní oblasti (mírný pás severní polokoule). část těchto rostlin je významná svými jedlými plody, další poskytují cenné dřevo a některé jsou pro svůj vzhled považovány za okrasné. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Rutamycin: a macrolide antibiotic of the oligomycin group, obtained from streptomyces rutgersensis. it is used in cytochemistry as a tool to inhibit various atpases and to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation from electron transport and also clinically as an antifungal agent
Ruthenium: a hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. it is used as a catalyst and hardener for platinum and palladium
Ruthenium Compounds: inorganic compounds that contain ruthenium as an integral part of the molecule
Ruthenium Radioisotopes: unstable isotopes of ruthenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. ru atoms with atomic weights 93-95, 97, 103, and 105-108 are radioactive ruthenium isotopes
Ruthenium Red: an inorganic dye used in microscopy for differential staining and as a diagnostic reagent. in research this compound is used to study changes in cytoplasmic concentrations of calcium. ruthenium red inhibits calcium transport through membrane channels
Rutin: a flavonol glycoside found in many plants, including buckwheat; tobacco; forsythia; hydrangea; viola, etc. it has been used therapeutically to decrease capillary fragility
Ruvalcaba Churesigaew Myhre syndrome: onset of senility in the early teens, atrophic skin, hypogonadism, retinal and vascular sclerosis
Ruzicka Goerz Anton syndrome: ichthyosis congenita, neurosensory deafness, oligophrenia, dental aplasia, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, accessory cervical ribs and thyroid carcinoma
Rwanda: a republic in central africa, east of democratic republic of the congo and north of burundi. its capital is kigali. it was formerly part of the belgian trust territory of ruanda-urund
Rwanda: malý vnitrozemský stát ve střední africe. sousedí s ugandou (na severu), tanzanií (na východě), burundi (na jihu) a s demokratickou republikou kongo (na západě). hlavním městem je kigali. ve rwandě žijí dvě etnické skupiny, a to početnější hutuové a méně početní tutsiové. v minulosti byly mezi těmito dvěma etniky nesváry a spory, vedoucí až ke genocidě v roce 1994. od roku 2009 je rwanda členem commonwealthu. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
RxNorm: a standardized nomenclature for clinical drugs and drug delivery devices. it links its names to many of the drug vocabularies commonly used in pharmacy management
Ryania: a plant genus of the family salicaceae that is the source of ryanodine
Ryania: rod rostlin čeledi salicaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují ryanodin
Ryanodine: a methylpyrrole-carboxylate from ryania that disrupts the ryanodine receptor calcium release channel to modify calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum resulting in alteration of muscle contraction. it was previously used in insecticides. it is used experimentally in conjunction with thapsigargin and other inhibitors of calcium atpase uptake of calcium into sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel: a tetrameric calcium release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane of smooth muscle cells, acting oppositely to sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-transporting atpases. it is important in skeletal and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and studied by using ryanodine. abnormalities are implicated in cardiac arrhythmias and muscular diseases
Réunion: ostrov, zámořský departement (od 1946) a zároveň zámořský region (od 2003) francie ležící v indickém oceánu. ostrov je jedním z nejvzdálenějších regionů evropské unie. réunion spolu s mauriciem a rodriguesem tvoří souostroví maskarény, ležící východně od ostrova madagaskar. hlavním městem této nejlidnatější zámořské části francie je saint-denis, ležící na severním pobřeží ostrova. francie formálně zabrala réunion (tehdy île-de-bourbon) v roce 1638 a v roce 1642 jej začala osídlovat. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
S Phase: phase of the cell cycle following g1 and preceding g2 when the entire dna content of the nucleus is replicated. it is achieved by bidirectional replication at multiple sites along each chromosome
S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints: cell regulatory signaling system that controls progression through s phase and stabilizes the replication forks during conditions that could affect the fidelity of dna replication, such as dna damage or depletion of nucleotide pools
S fáze: s fáze je částí buněčného cyklu. jde o druhou fázi, která následuje po g1 fázi. v této fázi dochází k syntéze dna a histonů a k replikaci chromozomů. s fáze přechází do g2 fáze. (štefánek, jiří. medicína, nemoci, studium na 1. lf uk [online]. © 2011 [cit. 5.5.2021]. dostupné z: https://www.stefajir.cz/s-faze
S-(2,3-bispalmitoyloxypropyl)-cysteinyl-amido-monomethoxyl polyethylene glycol: an immunologic adjuvant
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-s-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. formed from s-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions
S-Adenosylmethionine: physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. it possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (from merck, 11th ed)
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: a sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the nitric oxide donors
S-Nitrosoglutathione: a sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the nitric oxide donors
S-Nitrosothiols: a group of organic sulfur-containing nitrites, alkyl thionitrites. s-nitrosothiols include compounds such as s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine and s-nitrosoglutathione
S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins: a family of structurally-related proteins that were originally identified by their ability to complex with cyclin proteins (cyclins). they share a common domain that binds specifically to f-box motifs. they take part in skp cullin f-box protein ligases, where they can bind to a variety of f-box proteins
S-adenosylhomocystein: 5'-s-(3-amino-3-karboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosin. vzniká z s-adenosylmethioninu po transmethylačních reakcích
S-adenosylmethionin: fyziologický donor methylových radikálů, který je zapojený do enzymatických transmetylačních reakcí a je přítomný ve všech živých organismech. má protizánětlivou aktivitu a používá se při léčbě chronického onemocnění jater
S.O.R.8: has a modeling "cross-linked" polymer structure; capable of exchanging chlorine ions for phosphate ions in the blood
S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6: an s100 calcium binding protein that contains two ef hand motifs and plays a role as a calcium sensor and modulator for many cellular processes such as cell cycle progression; cell motility and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. its expression is induced by growth factors and it is overexpressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
S100 Calcium Binding Protein A7: an s100 calcium binding protein that contains two ef hand motifs and also binds zinc. it is secreted via a non-classical secretory pathway and expressed by keratinocytes and epithelial cells of the tongue. it has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities and is highly expressed in the skin of patients with psoriasis, as well as in bladder and skin epithelial carcinomas
S100 Calcium Binding Protein G: a calbindin protein found in many mammalian tissues, including the uterus, placenta, bone, pituitary gland, and kidneys. in intestinal enterocytes it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two ef-hand motifs. expression is regulated in some tissues by vitamin d
S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit: a calcium-binding protein that is 92 aa long, contains 2 ef-hand domains, and is concentrated mainly in glial cells. elevation of s100b levels in brain tissue correlates with a role in neurological disorders
S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4: an s100 protein characterized by four helix bundles that form n- and c-terminal ef hand motifs. it functions as a homodimer and interacts with both intracellular and extracellular signaling proteins. aberrant s100a4 activity is associated with neoplasm metastasis; fibrosis; and rheumatoid arthritis
S100 Proteins: a family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins found in large concentration in the brain and believed to be glial in origin. they are also found in other organs in the body. they have in common the ef-hand motif (ef hand motifs) found on a number of calcium binding proteins. the name of this family derives from the property of being soluble in a 100% saturated ammonium sulfate solution
S100A12 Protein: a member of the s100 protein family that regulates inflammation and the immune response. it recruits leukocytes, promotes cytokine and chemokine production, and regulates leukocyte adhesion and migration. s100a12 can also function via binding to advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptors, to stimulate innate immune cells
SAC protein, soybean: high sequence conservation between bean & soybean abscission cellulase (bac & sac respectively)
SAG-M blood: contains packed red cells diluted with saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol solution; most of the plasma proteins are removed
SAIDS Vaccines: vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent saids; (simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome); and containing inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus or type d retroviruses or some of their component antigens
SAM Domain and HD Domain-Containing Protein 1: a host restriction triphosphorylhydrolase and dntpase that contains an n-terminal sterile alpha motif and central, conserved aspartate and histidine (hd) domain. it acts on single-stranded rna, yielding deoxynucleosides and triphosphate, and functions in anti-viral defense through its dntpase activity, reducing cellular dntp levels below what is required for retroviral reverse transcription in dendritic cells and myeloid cells. it also has ribonuclease activity which blocks early replication of retroviruses such as hiv-1. mutations in the samhd1 gene are associated with type 5 aicardi-goutieres syndrome (ags5) and type 2 chilblain lupus (chbl2)
SAP90-PSD95 Associated Proteins: proteins expressed at synapses throughout the brain where they interact with different scaffolding proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and signaling factors to assemble functional multiprotein complexes
SARS-CoV-2: a species of betacoronavirus causing atypical respiratory disease (covid-19) in humans. the organism was first identified in 2019 in wuhan, china. the natural host is the chinese intermediate horseshoe bat, rhinolophus affinis
SARS-CoV-2: druh viru rodu betacoronavirus, který způsobuje atypické respirační onemocnění (covid-19) u lidí. jeho výskyt byl poprvé nahlášen v roce 2019 v číně, ve městě wu-chan. přirozeným hostitelem je čínský vrápenec rhinolophus affinis
SARS-CoV-2 variants: sequence variants of sars-cov-2 virus when compared to the reference sequence (nc_045512.2). many are under investigation for various mutations and their potential impact on covid-19 (e.g, transmissibility, diagnosis, vaccine effectiveness or clinical presentation or severity). for instance variant b.1.1.7 is characterized by a set of mutations including n501y on the spike protein which binds human ace2 protein. there are more than 900 registered variants as of february 2021
SAT1 protein, glycine max: encoding an ammonium transporter has been isolated from soybean; amino acid ; genbank af069738
SBA copolymer: cement liquid (sba) consists of styrene-butadiene-alkyl acrylate copolymer; cement powder consists of alkaline silicate & calcium disilicate; used as a lining cement
SBP protein, Glycine max: amino acid sequence given in first source; isolated from soybean; a 62 kda protein involved in sucrose transport
SBS-g-VP copolymer: 4-vinylpyridine grafted to sbs polymer via radiation-induced copolymerization
SBTX protein, soybean: a toxic protein distinct from soyatoxin and other toxic soybean proteins with inhibitory effect on cercospora sojina growth; a 44-kda basic glycoprotein composed of two polypeptide chains (27 and 17 kda) linked by a disulfide bond,the n-terminal sequences of the 44 and 27kda chains were identical (adptfgftplglsekanlqimkayd), differing from that of 17 kda (pnpkvffdmtiggqsagrivmeeya)
SC 53450: a polybutadiene-based polymer system with an acid labile diisopropylsilyl ether linker to which the active isomer of misoprostol (sc-30249) is attached covalently at postion c-11; four times more potent than misoprostol-hpmc
SCAB protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above 4 cpds; used in treatment of hodgkin's disease patients
SE 1-step Futurabond M: an dental adhesive system comprised of urethane dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethanol, a catalyst, and other components
SE60 protein, Glycine max: predicted protein is 74 amino acid; signal sequence is 28 amino acid; rich in cysteine; has homology to potato tuber-specific protein & cowpea seed protein; amino acid sequence has been reported
SEC Translocation Channels: universally conserved multiprotein complexes that form the protein transport channel of the general secretory (sec) pathway. the sec translocase is present in all bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. it is in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotic cells, in the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts and in some protozoa in the inner mitochondrial membrane
SEER Program: a cancer registry mandated under the national cancer act of 1971 to operate and maintain a population-based cancer reporting system, reporting periodically estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in the united states. the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (seer) program is a continuing project of the national cancer institute of the national institutes of health. among its goals, in addition to assembling and reporting cancer statistics, are the monitoring of annual cancer incident trends and the promoting of studies designed to identify factors amenable to cancer control interventions. (from national cancer institute, nih publication no. 91-3074, october 1990)
SEKDEL sequence: signal which leads to retention of at least two proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum of animal cells
SELEX Aptamer Technique: a method of generating a large library of randomized nucleotides and selecting nucleotide aptamers by iterative rounds of in vitro selection. a modified procedure substitutes amino acids in place of nucleotides to make peptide aptamers
SH003 extract: has antineoplastic activity; a korean preparation of astragalus membranaceus, angelica gigas, and trichosanthes kirilowii maximowicz
SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases: a subcategory of protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain sh2 type src homology domains. many of the proteins in this class are recruited to specific cellular targets such as a cell surface receptor complexes via their sh2 domain
SHORT syndrome: stature, hyperextensibility of joints or hernia (inguinal), ocular depression, rieger anomaly and teething delay; short stature, hyperextensibility, hernia, ocular depression, rieger anomaly, and teething delay
SIAL sorbent: a granulated white adsorbent; has a highly porous surface with hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties; its mineral matrix is aluminum oxide and its coating is organosiloxane fluid
SIC-8000: solution for endoscopic-mucosal resection (emr) consisting of water for injection, medium-chain triglycerides, poloxamer 188, polyoxyl-15-hydroxystearate, sodium chloride, and methylene blue
SIOP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of dactinomycin & vincristine; used in treatment of wilms' tumor
SIOP-I protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above compounds for the treatment of medulloblastoma
SIOP-II protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above compounds (leucovorin as leucovorin-rescue) for the treatment of medulloblastoma
SK-M stomatologic composition: russian stomatologic composition made up of cyanoacrylates and local anti-infective agents; used for the treatment of periodontal diseases; no other information available 6/93
SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases: a subset of ubiquitin protein ligases that are formed by the association of a skp domain protein, a cullin domain protein and a f-box domain protein
SLC31 Proteins: eukaryotic copper transport proteins that function primarily in the transport of dietary or environmental copper
SLC4A Proteins: bicarbonate transporters that move bicarbonate ions in exchange of chloride ions or sodium ions across membranes. they regulate acid-base homeostasis, cell volume and intracellular ph. members include chloride-bicarbonate antiporters (slc4a1, 2, 3, and 9); sodium-coupled bicarbonate transporters (slc4a4 and 5, 7, 8 and 10); and a sodium borate cotransporter (slc4a11 protein)
SMARCB1 Protein: a component of the swi-snf chromatin remodeling complex that functions as a protein phosphatase 1 regulator and to stabilize chromatin at promoter regions. it is important for regulating cell proliferation and cell differentiation. mutations in the smarcb1 gene are associated with malignant rhabdoid tumors
SMN Complex Proteins: a complex of proteins that assemble the snrnp core proteins into a core structure that surrounds a highly conserved rna sequence found in small nuclear rna. they are found localized in the gemini of coiled bodies and in the cytoplasm. the smn complex is named after the survival of motor neuron complex protein 1, which is a critical component of the complex
SMOFlipid: contains soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive and fish oils
SNARE Proteins: a superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the membrane fusion events, intracellular protein trafficking and secretory processes. they share a homologous snare motif. the snare proteins are divided into subfamilies: qa-snares; qb-snares; qc-snares; and r-snares. the formation of a snare complex (composed of one each of the four different types snare domains (qa, qb, qc, and r)) mediates membrane fusion. following membrane fusion snare complexes are dissociated by the nsfs (n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factors), in conjunction with soluble nsf attachment protein, i.e., snaps (no relation to snap 25.)
SOS Response, Genetics: an error-prone mechanism or set of functions for repairing damaged microbial dna. sos functions (a concept reputedly derived from the sos of the international distress signal) are involved in dna repair and mutagenesis, in cell division inhibition, in recovery of normal physiological conditions after dna repair, and possibly in cell death when dna damage is extensive
SOS odpověď (genetika): mechanismus opravy poškozené mikrobiální dna. sos funkce se podílejí na opravě a mutagenezi dna, na inhibici buněčného dělení, obnově normálních fyziologických podmínek po opravě dna a asi i na buněčné smrti (pokud je poškození dna rozsáhlé). tento typ reparace zvyšuje frekvenci replikačních chyb. (upraveno podle wikiskripta 2021 http://www.wikiskripta.eu/)
SOS1 Protein: a mammalian homolog of the drosophila son of sevenless protein. it is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ras proteins
SOX Transcription Factors: a large family of structurally-related transcription factors that were originally discovered based upon their close sequence homology to an hmg-box domain found in sex-determining region y protein. many sox transcription factors play important roles in regulating cell differentiation. the numerous members of this family are organized in several subgroups according to structural identities found within the proteins
SOX9 Transcription Factor: a soxe transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating chondrogenesis; osteogenesis; and male sex determination. loss of function of the sox9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of campomelic dysplasia
SOXB1 Transcription Factors: a subclass of sox transcription factors that are expressed in neuronal tissue where they may play a role in the regulation of cell differentiation. members of this subclass are generally considered to be transcriptional activators
SOXB2 Transcription Factors: a subclass of sox transcription factors that are expressed in neuronal tissue where they may play a role in the regulation of cell differentiation. members of this subclass are generally considered to be transcriptional repressors
SOXC Transcription Factors: a subclass of closely-related sox transcription factors. members of the group have been found expressed in developing neuronal tissue, lymphocytes, and during embryonic development
SOXD Transcription Factors: a subclass of closely-related sox transcription factors. in addition to a conserved hmg-box domain, members of this group contain a leucine zipper motif which mediates protein dimerization
SOXE Transcription Factors: a subclass of closely-related sox transcription factors. members of this subfamily have been implicated in regulating the differentiation of oligodendrocytes during neural crest formation and in chondrogenesis
SOXF Transcription Factors: a subclass of closely-related sox transcription factors. members of this subclass are expressed in vascular endothelial cells and may play a role in vasculogenesis
SP-850: a solid phase extractor for preconcentration-separation of trace metal ions in environmental
SP1017: a non-ionic drug carrier comprising two amphiphilic block polymers (pluronic l61 & f127); the copolymers when combined constitute an effective carrier system with high thermodynamic stability & low toxicity
SPAD: contains paraformaldehyde, formaldehyde, resorcinol, hydrocortisone acetate, barium sulfate & calcium hydroxide
SPAN polymer: a polyacrylonitrile polymer used as substrate for hepatocyte growth
SPECT/CT: zobrazovací technika používající zařízení, které kombinuje jednofotonovou emisní výpočetní tomografii a počítačovou rentgenovou tomografii ve stejné relaci
SPRY/B30.2 doména: proteinová interakční doména, která má strukturu beta-sendviče tvořeného dvěma antiparalelně orientovanými β-listy. vyskytuje se u proteinů eukaryot včetně mnoha trim proteinů, které se účastní různých buněčných procesů
SR-PE-ISOCETTE: resin made from 45% micro-particle filler & crown & bridge thermosetting resin; used to make resin shells
SRS-A: a group of leukotrienes; (ltc4; ltd4; and lte4) that is the major mediator of bronchoconstriction; hypersensitivity; and other allergic reactions. earlier studies described a slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis released from lung by cobra venom or after anaphylactic shock. the relationship between srs-a leukotrienes was established by uv which showed the presence of the conjugated triene. (from merck index, 11th ed)
SS-B Antigen: nuclear autoantigens implicated in nascent rna protection. it is a target of autoantibodies in patients with sjogren's syndrome
SSG IX protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in the therapy of ewing's sarcoma
SSPE Virus: a defective variant of measles virus that has been isolated from the brain tissue of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
SSSR: stát ležící od baltského a černého moře po tichý oceán, , založen 1922, zahrnoval až 15 sovětských socialistických republik. hlavním městem byla moskva. přestal oficiálně existovat 26. 12. 1991
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a clinical syndrome defined by myocardial ischemia symptoms; persistent elevation in the st segments of the electrocardiogram; and release of biomarkers of myocardial necrosis (e.g., elevated troponin levels). st segment elevation in the ecg is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also non-st elevation myocardial infarction)
ST68: prepared by sonicated buffered mixtures of nonionic surfactants span 60 and tween 80 in the presence of either air, pfc, or sf(6) gas; consists of stabilized microbubbles with a mean diameter of 3.8 microns and a concentrations of 7.1 x 10(8) bubbles/ml
STAMP V regimen: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer
STAMP-I protocol: chemotherapy protocol for the treatment of high-risk primary or metastatic breast cancer
STAT Transcription Factors: a family of transcription factors containing sh2 domains that are involved in cytokine-mediated signal transduction. stat transcription factors are recruited to the cytoplasmic region of cell surface receptors and are activated via phosphorylation. once activated they dimerize and translocate into the cell nucleus where they influence gene expression. they play a role in regulating cell growth processes and cell differentiation. stat transcription factors are inhibited by suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins and protein inhibitors of activated stat
STAT1 Transcription Factor: a signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to interferons. stat1 interacts with p53 tumor suppressor protein and regulates expression of genes involved in growth control and apoptosis
STAT2 Transcription Factor: a signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to type i interferons. stat2 protein is associated constitutively with interferon regulatory factor-9. after phosphorylation stat2 forms the ifn-stimulated gene factor 3 complex to regulate expression of target genes
STAT3 Transcription Factor: a signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to interleukin-6 family members. stat3 is constitutively activated in a variety of tumors and is a major downstream transducer for the cytokine receptor gp130
STAT4 Transcription Factor: a signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to interleukin-12 in t-lymphocytes. stat4 is an important signaling molecule for differentiation in th1 cells
STAT5 Transcription Factor: a signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to a variety of cytokines. stat5 activation is associated with transcription of cell cycle regulators such as cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 and anti-apoptotic genes such as bcl-2 genes. stat5 is constitutively activated in many patients with acute myeloid leukemia
STAT6 Transcription Factor: a signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates cellular responses to interleukin-4. stat6 has been shown to partner with nf-kappa b and ccaat-enhancer-binding proteins to regulate genetic transcription of interleukin-4 responsive genes
STF1 protein, Glycine max: tgacg-binding factor that also heterodimerizes with gbf proteins; genbank l28003
STLV-1: kmen virů ptlv-2, blízce příbuzný lidskému htlv-1. klinické, hematologické a histopatologické charakteristiky opic infikovaných tímto kmenem jsou velmi podobné t-buněčné leukemii u dospělých lidí. k podskupinám patří podtyp stlv-i-agm (jehož sekvence nukleotidů má 95% homologii s htlv-1) a stlv-i-mm (nukleotidová sekvence má 90% shodu s htlv-1)
STLV-2: kmen virů ptlv-2 izolovaný z šimpanzů bonobo (pan paniscus)
STLV-3: kmeny virů ptlv-3 izolované z různých druhů primátů
SUMO-1 Protein: a 1.5-kda small ubiquitin-related modifier protein that can covalently bind via an isopeptide link to a number of cellular proteins. it may play a role in intracellular protein transport and a number of other cellular processes
SUNCT Syndrome: a primary headache disorder that is characterized by frequent short-lasting, unilateral, neuralgiform pain attacks in the ocular area, with conjunctiva fluid-filling and tearing. sunct syndrome is usually resistant to treatment
SUPERFAN regimen: a chemotherapy regimen consisting of fluorouracil, doxorubicin and vinorelbine with folinic acid; for treatment of metastatic breast cancer
SWAM1 protein, mouse: antibacterial protein composed of a single whey acidic protein motif; amino acid
SWAM2 protein, mouse: antibacterial protein composed of a single whey acidic protein motif; amino acid
Saal Bulas syndrome: ectrodactyly, diaphragmatic hernia, congenital heart defect, and agenesis of the corpus callosum
Saccades: an abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading
Saccharomyces: a genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family saccharomycetaceae, order saccharomycetales
Saccharomyces: rod vřeckovýtrusných kvasinek čeledi saccharomycetaceae, řádu saccharomycetales
Saccharomyces boulardii: a species of saccharomyces that is used as a probiotic, such as in the treatment of diarrhea and pseudomembranous enterocolitis associated with clostridium infections
Saccharomyces boulardii: druh kvasinky rodu saccharomyces. používá se jako probiotikum, např. při léčbě průjmu a pseudomembranózní enterokolitidy v souvislosti s klostridiovými infekcemi
Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a species of the genus saccharomyces, family saccharomycetaceae, order saccharomycetales, known as baker's or brewer's yeast. the dried form is used as a dietary supplement
Saccharomyces cerevisiae: druh kvasinky rodu saccharomyces, čeledi saccharomycetaceae, řádu saccharomycetales. už od neolitu je člověkem používána v kvasných procesech. kvasinky saccharomyces cerevisiae je možné rozdělit do geneticky spřízněných kmenů podle toho, jaký substrát kvasí, přičemž hlavní jsou pivní, pekařské a vinné kvasinky. kvasinky se v provozní praxi nazývají "kvasnice". (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins: proteins obtained from the species saccharomyces cerevisiae. the function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes
Saccharomycetales: an order of fungi in the phylum ascomycota that multiply by budding. they include the telomorphic ascomycetous yeasts which are found in a very wide range of habitats
Saccharomycetales: řád vřeckovýtrusných hub, které se rozmnožují pučením. patří sem teleomorfní vřeckaté kvasinky, které se vyskytují v různých typech prostředí
Saccharomycopsis: rod vřeckovýtrusných kvasinkovitých hub čeledi saccharomycopsidaceae, řádu saccharomycetales. byl izolován z králičích žaludků a žaludků některých dalších zvířat
Saccharomycopsis: yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family saccharomycopsidaceae, order saccharomycetales, isolated from the stomach of rabbits and some other animals
Saccharopine Dehydrogenases: amine oxidoreductases that use either nad+ (ec 1.5.1.7) or nadp+ (ec 1.5.1.8) as an acceptor to form l-lysine or nad+ (ec 1.5.1.9) or nadp+ (ec 1.5.1.10) as an acceptor to form l-glutamate. deficiency of this enzyme causes hyperlysinemias
Saccharopolyspora: a genus of gram-positive bacteria whose spores are round to oval and covered by a sheath
Saccharopolyspora: rod grampozitivních bakterií, jejichž spory jsou kulatého až vejčitého tvaru, obalené pouzdrem
Saccharum: a plant genus of the family poaceae widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar
Saccharum: rod tropických rostlin čeledi poaceae. kultivary druhu saccharum officinarum patří k nejvýznamnějším cukrodárným rostlinám, v mnoha oblastech světa je to jedna z nejdůležitějších zemědělských komodit. (upraveno podle botany.cz 2020 https://botany.cz/)
Saccule and Utricle: two membranous sacs within the vestibular labyrinth of the inner ear. the saccule communicates with cochlear duct through the ductus reuniens, and communicates with utricle through the utriculosaccular duct from which the endolymphatic duct arises. the utricle and saccule have sensory areas (acoustic maculae) which are innervated by the vestibular nerve
Sacral defect and anterior sacral meningocele: a hereditary autosomal dominant form of caudal dysgenesis that is present at birth and becomes symptomatic later in life due to obstructive labor in females, chronic constipation, or meningitis. caudal dysgenesis syndrome and caudal regression syndrome broadly refer to a range of congenital caudal anomalies affecting the caudal spine and spinal cord, the hindgut, the urogenital system, and the lower limbs. approximately 15 to 25% of mothers of children with caudal dysgenesis have type i diabetes mellitus. a mutation in the vangl1 gene has been identified in some cases of caudal regression. omim: 600145
Sacral meningocele conotruncal heart defects: sacral meningocele, conotruncal heart defects, and minor anomalies of head and neck
Sacrococcygeal Region: the body region between (and flanking) the sacrum and coccyx
Sacroiliac Joint: the immovable joint formed by the lateral surfaces of the sacrum and ilium
Sacroiliitis: inflammation of the sacroiliac joint. it is characterized by lower back pain, especially upon walking, fever, uveitis; psoriasis; and decreased range of motion. many factors are associated with and cause sacroiliitis including infection; injury to spine, lower back, and pelvis; degenerative arthritis; and pregnancy
Sacrum: five fused vertebrae forming a triangle-shaped structure at the back of the pelvis. it articulates superiorly with the lumbar vertebrae, inferiorly with the coccyx, and anteriorly with the ilium of the pelvis. the sacrum strengthens and stabilizes the pelvis
Sadism: a condition in which there is a derivation of pleasure from inflicting pain, discomfort or humiliation on another person or persons. the sexual significance of sadistic wishes or behavior may be conscious or unconscious
Sadness: feeling or showing sorrow; the sense of being unhappy. it is related to depression but is not synonymous