NLK-NML/MeSH-CZ-2025-notes huggingface dataset:
Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behavior. symptoms may include repetitive sexual activities becoming a central focus of the person's life to the point of neglecting health and personal care or other interests, activities and responsibilities; numerous unsuccessful efforts to significantly reduce repetitive sexual behavior; and continued repetitive sexual behavior despite adverse consequences or deriving little or no satisfaction from it. (https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/1630268048)
Computational Biology: a field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. this field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets
Computational Chemistry: a branch of chemistry that utilizes computers as well as principles of chemistry and mathematics to generate data and solve problems related to the properties, structures, and reactions of molecules and materials
Computed Tomography Angiography: a non-invasive method that uses a ct scanner for capturing images of blood vessels and tissues. a contrast material is injected, which helps produce detailed images that aid in diagnosing vascular diseases
Computer Communication Networks: a system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual display devices, or telephones interconnected by telecommunications equipment or cables: used to transmit or receive information. (random house unabridged dictionary, 2d ed)
Computer Graphics: the process of pictorial communication, between human and computers, in which the computer input and output have the form of charts, drawings, or other appropriate pictorial representation
Computer Heuristics: trial-and-error methods of problem-solving used when an algorithmic approach is impractical
Computer Peripherals: various units or machines that operate in combination or in conjunction with a computer but are not physically part of it. peripheral devices typically display computer data, store data from the computer and return the data to the computer on demand, prepare data for human use, or acquire data from a source and convert it to a form usable by a computer. (computer dictionary, 4th ed.)
Computer Security: protective measures against unauthorized access to or interference with computer operating systems, telecommunications, or accompanying data; especially the modification, deletion, destruction, or release of data in computers. it includes methods of forestalling interference by computer viruses or computer hackers aiming to compromise stored data
Computer Storage Devices: devices capable of receiving data, retaining data for an indefinite or finite period of time, and supplying data upon demand
Computer Systems: systems composed of a computer or computers, peripheral equipment, such as disks, printers, and terminals, and telecommunications capabilities
Computer Terminals: input/output devices designed to receive data in an environment associated with the job to be performed, and capable of transmitting entries to, and obtaining output from, the system of which it is a part. (computer dictionary, 4th ed.)
Computer-Aided Design: the use of computers for designing and/or manufacturing of anything, including drugs, surgical procedures, orthotics, and prosthetics
Computer-Assisted Instruction: a self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials
Computerized Adaptive Testing: testing administered with level of difficulty l is tailored to the test taker
Computers: programmable electronic devices designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations
Computers, Analog: computers in which quantities are represented by physical variables; problem parameters are translated into equivalent mechanical or electrical circuits as an analog for the physical phenomenon being investigated. (mcgraw-hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms, 4th ed)
Computers, Handheld: a type of microcomputer, sometimes called a personal digital assistant, that is very small and portable and fitting in a hand. they are convenient to use in clinical and other field situations for quick data management. they usually require docking with microcomputers for updates
Computers, Hybrid: computers that combine the functions of analog and digital computers. (sippl, computer dictionary, 4th ed)
Computers, Molecular: computers whose input, output and state transitions are carried out by biochemical interactions and reactions
Conalbumin: a glycoprotein albumin from hen's egg white with strong iron-binding affinity
Concanavalin A: a mannose/glucose binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (canavalia ensiformis). it is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily t-lymphocyte, cultures
Concentration Camps: a place where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners or members of persecuted minorities, are deliberately imprisoned in a relatively small area with inadequate facilities, sometimes to provide forced labor or to await mass execution
Concept Formation: a cognitive process involving the formation of ideas generalized from the knowledge of qualities, aspects, and relations of objects
Concierge Medicine: an arrangement in which a patient pays an annual fee to a physician in exchange for services over and beyond normal insurance-reimbursed services
Concise-Cap-C-Rynge: photoactivated composite dental restorative material
Concurrent Review: review of the medical necessity of hospital or other health facility admissions, upon or within a short time following an admission, and periodic review of services provided during the course of treatment
Condiments: aromatic substances added to food before or after cooking to enhance its flavor. these are usually of vegetable origin
Conditioning, Classical: learning that takes place when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioning, Eyelid: reflex closure of the eyelid occurring as a result of classical conditioning
Conditioning, Operant: learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. when the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced
Conditioning, Psychological: simple form of learning involving the formation, strengthening, or weakening of an association between a stimulus and a response
Condoms: a sheath that is worn over the penis during sexual behavior in order to prevent pregnancy or spread of sexually transmitted disease
Conduct Disorder: a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. these behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. the onset is before age 18. (from dsm-iv, 1994)
Conducted Energy Weapon Injuries: the injuries caused by conducted energy weapons such as stun guns, shock batons, and cattle prods
Conductometry: determination of the quantity of a material present in a mixture by measurement of its effect on the electrical conductivity of the mixture. (webster, 3d ed)
Condylomata Acuminata: sexually transmitted form of anogenital warty growth caused by the human papillomavirus viruses
Cone Dystrophy: a general term which describes a group of rare eye disorders that affect the cone cells of the retina. cone dystrophy can cause a variety of symptoms including decreased visual clarity or acuity when looking straight ahead (central vision), a reduced ability to see colors, and an increased sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Cone Opsins: photosensitive proteins expressed in the cone photoreceptor cells. they are the protein components of cone photopigments. cone opsins are classified by their peak absorption wavelengths
Cone dystrophy, x-linked, with tapetal-like sheen: x-linked cone dystrophy characterized by a peculiar greenish-golden tapetal-like sheen of large areas of the retina
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: computed tomography modalities which use a cone or pyramid-shaped beam of radiation
Cone-Rod Dystrophies: genetically heterogeneous and sometimes syndromic (e.g., bardet biedl syndrome; and spinocerebellar ataxia type 7) retinopathies with initial retinal cone involvement. they are characterized by decreased visual acuity; color vision defects; progressive loss of peripheral vision and night blindness
Cone-Rod Dystrophy, X-Linked, 3: mutation in cacna1f
Cone-Rod Dystrophy, X-Linked, Type 1: mutation in rpgr
Confederate States of America: the area of those states which seceded in 1861 from the union of the united states of america. they include south carolina, mississippi, florida, alabama, georgia, louisiana, texas, virginia, arkansas, north carolina, and tennessee
Confidence Intervals: a range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable
Confined Spaces: a space which has limited openings for entry and exit combined with unfavorable natural ventilation such as caves, refrigerators, deep tunnels, pipelines, sewers, silos, tanks, vats, mines, deep trenches or pits, vaults, manholes, chimneys, etc
Conflict of Interest: a situation in which an individual might benefit personally from official or professional actions. it includes a conflict between a person's private interests and official responsibilities in a position of trust. the term is not restricted to government officials. the concept refers both to actual conflict of interest and the appearance or perception of conflict
Conflict, Psychological: the internal individual struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, or external and internal demands. in group interactions, competitive or opposing action of incompatibles: antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interests, or persons). (from merriam-webster's collegiate dictionary, 10th ed)
Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic: factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest but are not intermediate variables of the factor(s) under investigation
Confucianism: a school of thought and set of moral, ethical, and political teachings usually considered to be founded by confucius in 6th-5th century b.c. china. (from cambridge dictionary of philosophy, 1995)
Confusion: a mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation
Congenital Abnormalities: malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero
Congenital Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: inherited syndromes characterized by deficiency or absence of various blood cells due to mutations that affect hematopoietic stem cells development and proliferation
Congenital Cataracts, Facial Dysmorphism, And Neuropathy: mutation on ctdp1
Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders: congenital neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by abnormal eye, eyelid, and facial movements. congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (ccdds) are caused by abnormal innervation of cranial nerves (e.g., cns iii, iv and vi) resulting in aplasia or hypoplasia of the ocular and facial musculature involved in eye movements
Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation, Type IIB: mutation in gcs1
Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation, Type IIF: mutation in slc35a1
Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation, Type IIH: mutation in cog8
Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation, Type IIID: mutation of b4galt1
Congenital Disorder Of Glycosylation, Type Im: mutation in dolichol kinase (dolk)
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: a genetically heterogeneous group of heritable disorders resulting from defects in protein n-glycosylation
Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform Erythroderma and Limb Defects: mutation in nsdhl
Congenital Hyperinsulinism: a familial, nontransient hypoglycemia with defects in negative feedback of glucose-regulated insulin release. clinical phenotypes include hypoglycemia; hyperinsulinemia; seizures; coma; and often large birth weight. several sub-types exist with the most common, type 1, associated with mutations on an atp-binding cassette transporters (subfamily c, member 8)
Congenital Hypothyroidism: a condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of thyroid hormones that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or hypothyroidism in infants of mothers treated with thiouracil during pregnancy. endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. clinical symptoms include severe mental retardation, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and myxedema
Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth, Vascular Malformations, and Epidermal Nevi: a congenital syndrome characterized by prenatal overgrowth, hemihypertrophy and facial asymmetry, multiple vascular malformations, splenic cysts, skeletal abnormalities, and epidermal nevi. it is caused by somatic mosaic mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-hydroxykinase alpha peptide (pik3ca) gene. omim: 612918
Congenital Portosystemic Shunt: congenital vascular malformation where the portal venous system blood (portal system) bypasses the liver sinusoids and drains into the systemic vein through a shunt
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency: an autosomal recessive form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to defective corticosteroid biosynthesis, which results in androgen excess, virilization, and hypertension. the defect causes decreased synthesis of cortisol and corticosterone in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland, resulting in accumulation of the precursors cortodoxone and 11-deoxycorticosterone, resulting in arterial hypertension. mutations in the cyp11b1 gene have been identified. omim: 202010
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency: congenital adrenal hyperplasia that results from a deficiency in one or another of the enzymes of cortisol biosynthesis. in most cases, 21-hydroxylation is impaired in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex so that 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-ohp) is not converted to 11-deoxycortisol. this causes excessive production of androgens and virilization. caused by germline mutations in the cyp21a2 gene. omim: 201910
Congenital alopecia X-linked: congenital cases of alopecia that exhibit x-linked inheritance. omim: 300042
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia: a rare autosomal recessive disorder with onset in infancy and characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia and megakaryocytopenia with no physical anomalies. mutations in the mpl gene have been identified. omim: 604498
Congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens: failure of the vas deferens to develop, resulting in a block in sperm transport and male infertility. may occur in isolation or as a manifestation of cystic fibrosis. caused by mutations in the cftr gene. omim: 277180
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: an inherited disorder where patients present with abnormal respiration in the absence of neuromuscular, lung or cardiac diseases, or an identifiable brainstem lesion. hypoventilation occurs during sleep but can occur during wakefulness in severe cases.autonomic defects cause inadequate or negligible ventilatory and arousal responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. germline mutations in the phox2b, ascl2, edn3, and ret genes have been identified. omim: 209880
Congenital chloride diarrhea: a hereditary autosomal recessive form of severe chronic diarrhea characterized by excretion of large amounts of watery stool containing high levels of chlorides, resulting in dehydration, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. this disorder phenotypically resembles the renal disorder bartter syndrome (omim: 607364), however, it is not associated with calcium level abnormalities. mutations in the slc26a3 gene have been identified. omim: 214700
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1A: a genetically heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by enzymatic defects in the synthesis and processing of asparagine (n)-linked glycans or oligosaccharides on glycoproteins. affected individuals exhibit a range of growth, neuromuscular, eye, liver, immunologic, and gastrointestinal abnormalities; 20% die in the first year of life due to infections, hepatic insufficiency or cardiomyopathy. mutations have been identified in the pmm2 gene for type ia. omim: 212065
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1C: carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, type 1 with deficient glycosylation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1J: mutationin dpagt1
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1X: carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1 with profound thrombocytopenia and normal phosphomannomutase and phosphomannose isomerase
Congenital ectodermal dysplasia with hearing loss: hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, sensorineural hearing loss and contracture of the fifth fingers
Congenital facial diplegia: absence or underdevelopment of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves
Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities: diseases existing at birth and often before birth, or that develop during the first month of life (infant, newborn, diseases), regardless of causation. of these diseases, those characterized by structural deformities are termed congenital abnormalities
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: a rare heart defect that occurs when the heart ventricles and attached valves, the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve are reversed so that the aorta and the pulmonary artery are connected to the wrong ventricle. although the heart valves and the two great arteries, the pulmonary artery and the aorta are transposed, the blood flows to the correct place because the ventricles are also reversed and therefore corrects the transposition. it often occurs with other structural heart abnormalities
Congo: a republic in central africa lying between gabon and democratic republic of the congo and south of cameroon. its capital is brazzaville
Congo Red: an acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. it is also used histologically to test for amyloidosis
Congress: published record of the papers delivered at or issued on the occasion of individual congresses, symposia, and meetings; abstracts of papers delivered at such congresses; reports of the officers and delegates of such congresses; combinations of the foregoing; or proceedings of the conference of a society if they are not limited to matters of internal organization
Congresses as Topic: works about conferences, conventions or formal meetings usually attended by delegates representing a special field of interest
Conidiobolus: a genus of fungi in the family ancylistaceae, order entomophthorales, characterized by the presence of small nuclei with a prominent central nucleolus in interphase. they are commonly found in the soil but also infect termites, aphids, and sometimes, though rarely, mammals including humans. (alexopoulos et al, introductory mycology, 4th ed, pp159-60)
Conidiobolus: rod hub čeledi ancylistaceae, řádu entomophthorales. v interfázi jsou charakteristicky přítomna malá jádra s výrazným centrálním jadérkem. zástupci žijí v půdě, ale také napadají termity, mšice a vzácně savce včetně člověka
Conjugation, Genetic: a parasexual process in bacteria; algae; fungi; and ciliate eukaryota for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. in bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. in algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes
Conjunctiva: the mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and the anterior pericorneal surface of the eyeball
Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic: a highly contagious disease characterized by subconjunctival hemorrhage, sudden swelling of the eyelids and congestion, redness, and pain in the eye. epidemic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus 70 (ev-70) was first described in africa in 1969. it is caused also by coxsackievirus a24 variant (ca24v). epidemics by this organism have appeared most frequently in asia
Conjunctivitis, Allergic: conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial: purulent infections of the conjunctiva by several species of gram-negative, gram-positive, or acid-fast organisms. some of the more commonly found genera causing conjunctival infections are haemophilus, streptococcus, neisseria, and chlamydia
Conjunctivitis, Inclusion: an infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. it is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. the etiological agent is chlamydia trachomatis whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously
Conjunctivitis, Viral: inflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. conjunctival involvement may be part of a systemic infection
Connaraceae: a plant family of the order rosales, subclass rosidae, class magnoliopsida that are tropical plants. the flowers are usually bisexual and have 5 sepals and petals; 5 or 10 stamens; and 1, 4, or usually 5 separate, one-chambered, female ovule-bearing structures (carpels)
Connaraceae: čeleď vyšších dvouděložných rostlin z řádu šťavelotvaré (oxalidales). nevysoké stromy i keře, především však dřevnaté liány se střídavými listy bez palistů. listy jsou lichozpeřené nebo vzácně jednolisté. květy jsou spíše drobné, pravidelné, oboupohlavné, pětičetné. rozšíření je pantropické, s centrem druhové diverzity v tropické západní africe. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Connect resin: consists of methacrylate ester monomer, bis-gma, and tegdma
Connecticut: state bounded on the north by massachusetts, on the east by rhode island, on the south by long island sound, and on the west by new york
Connecticut: stát na východním pobřeží spojených států amerických. connecticut hraničí na západě s new yorkem, na severu s massachusetts a na východě s rhode islandem. jižní ohraničení státu tvoří průliv long island sound (součást atlantského oceánu), který jej odděluje od ostrova long island, jež patří new yorku. ve státě connecticut sídlí yaleova univerzita. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Connectin: a giant elastic protein of molecular mass ranging from 2,993 kda (cardiac), 3,300 kda (psoas), to 3,700 kda (soleus) having a kinase domain. the amino- terminal is involved in a z line binding, and the carboxy-terminal region is bound to the myosin filament with an overlap between the counter-connectin filaments at the m line
Connective Tissue: tissue that supports and binds other tissues. it consists of connective tissue cells embedded in a large amount of extracellular matrix
Connective Tissue Cells: a group of cells that includes fibroblasts, cartilage cells, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells
Connective Tissue Diseases: a heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides
Connective Tissue Growth Factor: a ccn protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including cell adhesion; cell migration; and extracellular matrix synthesis. it is found in hypertrophic chondrocytes where it may play a role in chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification
Connective Tissue Nevus: localized dermal malformations (harmatomas) that consist of collagen; elastic tissue; or glycosaminoglycans. they may be observed on the torso of young children with inherited disorders such as tuberous sclerosis, or as idiopathic isolated lesions. omim: 166700
Connectome: a comprehensive map of the physical interconnections of an organism's neural networks. this modular organization of neuronal architecture is believed to underlie disease mechanisms and the biological development of the central nervous system
Connexin 26: a gap junction protein encoded by the gap junction beta 2 or gjb2 gene. in the cochlea and epidermis, its hexamers form channels between cells that open to allow cell-to-cell diffusion of small molecules as well as recycling of potassium. mutations in connexin 26 are associated with congenital sensorineural hearing loss
Connexin 30: a gap junction beta subunit that forms heteromeric hemichannels when paired with alpha subunits such as connexin-40 or connexin 43. mutations in the connexin 30 gene (gj6b) are associated with clouston's syndrome and some hereditary forms of deafness
Connexin 43: a 43-kda peptide which is a member of the connexin family of gap junction proteins. connexin 43 is a product of a gene in the alpha class of connexin genes (the alpha-1 gene). it was first isolated from mammalian heart, but is widespread in the body including the brain
Connexins: a group of homologous proteins which form the intermembrane channels of gap junctions. the connexins are the products of an identified gene family which has both highly conserved and highly divergent regions. the variety contributes to the wide range of functional properties of gap junctions
Conotoxins: peptide neurotoxins from the marine fish-hunting snails of the genus conus. they contain 13 to 29 amino acids which are strongly basic and are highly cross-linked by disulfide bonds. there are three types of conotoxins, omega-, alpha-, and mu-. omega-conotoxins inhibit voltage-activated entry of calcium into the presynaptic membrane and therefore the release of acetylcholine. alpha-conotoxins inhibit the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor. mu-conotoxins prevent the generation of muscle action potentials. (from concise encyclopedia biochemistry and molecular biology, 3rd ed)
Conotruncal cardiac defects: congenital heart abnormalities that are characterized by aortic coarctation; double-outlet right ventricle, and atrioventricular canal defects. syndactyly and polydactyly may also occur. mutations in several genes have been identified, including cfc1, gdf1, nkx2-5, nkx2-6, tbx-1, and gata6. omim: 217095
Conscience: the cognitive and affective processes which constitute an internalized moral governor over an individual's moral conduct
Conscientious Refusal to Treat: refusal of health professionals to provide medical services on the basis of moral or religious beliefs
Conscious Sedation: a drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. no interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (from: american society of anesthesiologists practice guidelines)
Consciousness Disorders: organic mental disorders in which there is impairment of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment and to respond to environmental stimuli. dysfunction of the cerebral hemispheres or brain stem reticular formation may result in this condition
Consciousness Monitors: devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. they measure brain activity level based on the eeg
Consensus Development Conference: official statements of the findings or recommendations expressing the outcome of a meeting convened to evaluate current thought and research on a subject of interest
Consensus Development Conference, NIH: official statements of the finding or recommendations expressing the outcome from a conference sponsored by nih
Consensus Development Conferences as Topic: works that are about the concept of consensus development conferences, such as their general design or a means of scientific communication
Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic: articles on conferences sponsored by nih presenting summary statements representing the majority agreement of physicians, scientists, and other professionals convening for the purpose of reaching a consensus on a subject of interest. this heading is used for nih consensus conferences as a means of scientific communication. in indexing it is viewed as a type of review article and as a tag for any article appearing in any publication of the nih office of medical applications of research (omar)
Consensus Sequence: a theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. the phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. a known conserved sequence set is represented by a consensus sequence. commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (amino acid motifs) are often formed by conserved sequences
Consent Forms: documents describing a medical treatment or research project, including proposed procedures, risks, and alternatives, that are to be signed by an individual, or the individual's proxy, to indicate his/her understanding of the document and a willingness to undergo the treatment or to participate in the research
Conservation of Natural Resources: the protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment
Conservative Treatment: therapeutic approaches that are limited, gradual, or well-established as opposed to radical methods
Conserved Sequence: a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in dna or rna that is similar across multiple species. a known set of conserved sequences is represented by a consensus sequence. amino acid motifs are often composed of conserved sequences
Consolidation Chemotherapy: drug treatment designed to further diminish the disease toward complete remission following induction chemotherapy. it helps to consolidate the gains during induction chemotherapy and may be followed by maintenance chemotherapy
Constipation: infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces. these symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low dietary fiber intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections
Constitution and Bylaws: the fundamental principles and laws adopted by an organization for the regulation and governing of its affairs
Constitutive Androstane Receptor: a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily (subfamily 1, group i, member 3 [nr1i3]) involved, along with pregnane x receptor, in regulation of cellular responses to the exogenous and endogenous chemicals such as detoxification of xenobiotics
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy: rehabilitation treatment following an ischemic stroke where patients suffer from muscular weakness or paralysis on one side.it is also used as a therapy for children with cerebral palsy
Constriction, Pathologic: the condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions
Consumer Health Information: information intended for potential users of medical and healthcare services. there is an emphasis on self-care and preventive approaches as well as information for community-wide dissemination and use
Consumer Product Safety: the sum total of measures taken and regulatory policies enacted to ensure the safe use of consumer products
Consummatory Behavior: an act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence
Contact Lenses: lenses designed to be worn on the front surface of the eyeball. (umdns, 1999)
Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear: hydrophilic contact lenses worn for an extended period or permanently
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic: soft, supple contact lenses made of plastic polymers which interact readily with water molecules. many types are available, including continuous and extended-wear versions, which are gas-permeable and easily sterilized
Contact Tracing: identification of those persons (or animals) who have had such an association with an infected person, animal, or contaminated environment as to have had the opportunity to acquire the infection
Contactin 1: a contactin subtype that is predominantly expressed in the cerebellum; hippocampus; neocortex; and hypothalamus
Contactin 2: a contactin subtype that plays a role in axon outgrowth, axon fasciculation, and neuronal migration
Contactins: a family of immunoglobulin-related cell adhesion molecules that are involved in nervous system patterning
Containment of Biohazards: physical and biological barriers to the spread of potentially hazardous biologically active agents such as bacteria, viruses, recombinant nucleotides, or contaminated bio-specimens
Contax: a self-etching, self-conditioning bonding system that can be used in wet, moist or dry oral environment
Contig Mapping: overlapping of cloned or sequenced dna to construct a continuous region of a gene, chromosome or genome
Contiguous Abcd1-Dxs1375e Deletion Syndrome: contiguous gene microdeletion syndrome involving abcd1and bcap31
Contingent Negative Variation: a negative shift of the cortical electrical potentials that increases over time. it is associated with an anticipated response to an expected stimulus and is an electrical event indicative of a state of readiness or expectancy
Continuity of Patient Care: health care provided on a continuing basis from the initial contact, following the patient through all phases of medical care
Continuous Flow Chemistry: a process where chemical reactions are carried out in a continuously flowing stream rather than in batch production
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: glucose monitoring that measures interstitial glucose concentration continuously throughout the entire day and night. it does not replace traditional home blood glucose monitoring
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: a technique of respiratory therapy, in either spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated patients, in which airway pressure is maintained above atmospheric pressure throughout the respiratory cycle by pressurization of the ventilatory circuit. (on-line medical dictionary [internet]. newcastle upon tyne(uk): the university dept. of medical oncology: the cancerweb project; c1997-2003 [cited 2003 apr 17]. available from: http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/)
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: procedures with continuous blood purification (e.g., dialysis, filtration or perfusion) via vascular access designed to mimic kidney function in kidney diseases (e.g., acute renal failure and poisoning)
Contraception: prevention of conception by blocking fertility temporarily, or permanently (sterilization, reproductive). common means of reversible contraception include natural family planning methods; contraceptive agents; or contraceptive devices
Contraception, Barrier: methods of contraception in which physical, chemical, or biological means are used to prevent the sperm from reaching the fertilizable ovum
Contraception, Immunologic: contraceptive methods based on immunological processes and techniques, such as the use of contraceptive vaccines
Contraception, Postcoital: means of postcoital intervention to avoid pregnancy, such as the administration of postcoital contraceptives to prevent fertilization of an egg or implantation of a fertilized egg (ovum implantation)
Contraceptive Agents, Female: chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading
Contraceptive Agents, Hormonal: contraceptive agents that act on the endocrine system
Contraceptive Agents, Male: chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading
Contraceptive Devices: devices that diminish the likelihood of or prevent conception. (from dorland, 28th ed)
Contraceptive Effectiveness: the rate of success or failure of a method of contraception; contraceptive agents; or contraceptive devices
Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys: collections of data, obtained from voluntary subjects, that measure the usage rate of methods of contraception; contraceptive devices; or contraceptive agents
Contraceptives, Oral: compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. the hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both
Contraceptives, Oral, Combined: fixed drug combinations administered orally for contraceptive purposes
Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal: oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations
Contraceptives, Oral, Sequential: drugs administered orally and sequentially for contraceptive purposes
Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic: oral contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations
Contraceptives, Postcoital: contraceptive substances to be used after coitus. these agents include high doses of estrogenic drugs; progesterone-receptor blockers; antimetabolites; alkaloids, and prostaglandins
Contraceptives, Postcoital, Hormonal: postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to hormonal preparations
Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic: postcoital contraceptives which owe their effectiveness to synthetic preparations
Contractile Proteins: proteins which participate in contractile processes. they include muscle proteins as well as those found in other cells and tissues. in the latter, these proteins participate in localized contractile events in the cytoplasm, in motile activity, and in cell aggregation phenomena
Contracts: agreements between two or more parties, especially those that are written and enforceable by law (american heritage dictionary of the english language, 4th ed). it is sometimes used to characterize the nature of the professional-patient relationship
Contracture: prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint
Contraindications: a condition or factor associated with a recipient that makes the use of a drug, procedure, or physical agent improper or inadvisable. contraindications may be absolute (life threatening) or relative (higher risk of complications in which benefits may outweigh risks)
Contraindications, Drug: a condition or factor associated with a recipient that makes the use of a specific drug improper or inadvisable
Contraindications, Procedure: a condition or factor associated with a recipient that makes the use of a procedure improper or inadvisable
Contrast Sensitivity: the ability to detect sharp boundaries (stimuli) and to detect slight changes in luminance at regions without distinct contours. psychophysical measurements of this visual function are used to evaluate visual acuity and to detect eye disease
Contrecoup Injury: an injury in which the damage is located on the opposite side of the primary impact site. a blow to the back of head which results in contrecoup injury to the frontal lobes of the brain is the most common type
Control Groups: groups that serve as a standard for comparison in experimental studies. they are similar in relevant characteristics to the experimental group but do not receive the experimental intervention
Controlled Before-After Studies: a study in which observations are made before and after an intervention, both in a group that receives the intervention and in a control group that does not
Controlled Clinical Trial: a work that reports on a clinical trial involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the studied intervention, and a bias-free method for assigning patients to the test treatment. the treatment may be drugs, devices, or procedures studied for diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic effectiveness. control measures include placebos, active medicine, no-treatment, dosage forms and regimens, historical comparisons, etc. when randomization using mathematical techniques, such as the use of a random numbers table, is employed to assign patients to test or control treatments, the trial is characterized as a randomized controlled trial
Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic: works about clinical trials involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the studied intervention, and a bias-free method for assigning patients to the test treatment. the treatment may be drugs, devices, or procedures studied for diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic effectiveness. control measures include placebos, active medicines, no-treatment, dosage forms and regimens, historical comparisons, etc. when randomization using mathematical techniques, such as the use of a random numbers table, is employed to assign patients to test or control treatments, the trials are characterized as randomized controlled trials as topic
Controlled Substances: drugs or chemical agents whose manufacture, possession, or use are regulated by government. this may include narcotics and prescription medications
Conus: rod mořských plžů z čeledi homolicovití (conidae). ulity mají kónický nebo dvoukónický tvar. jedná se vesměs o jedovaté živočichy, kteří jsou nebezpeční svými toxiny, jež mohou člověku způsobit i smrt. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Conus Snail: a genus of cone-shaped marine snails in the family conidae, class gastropoda. it comprises more than 600 species, many containing unique venoms (conus venoms) with which they immobilize their prey
Convallaria: rod rostlin čeledi asparagaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují srdeční glykosidy
Convection: transmission of energy or mass by a medium involving movement of the medium itself. the circulatory movement that occurs in a fluid at a nonuniform temperature owing to the variation of its density and the action of gravity. (mcgraw-hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms, 4th ed; webster, 10th ed)
Conversion Disorder: a disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a physical disorder but that is actually a direct expression of a psychological conflict or need
Conversion to Open Surgery: changing an operative procedure from an endoscopic surgical procedure to an open approach during the intraoperative period
Convolutional Neural Networks: artificial neural networks designed to automatically learn features through the use of sequence of layers which transform one volume to the next. convolutional neural networks initially produce a feature map by use of convolution layers consisting of a set of learnable filters convolved with input, i.e., having smaller widths and heights and the same depth as that of input volume
Convolvulaceae: the morning glory family of flowering plants, of the order solanales, which includes about 50 genera and at least 1,400 species. leaves are alternate and flowers are funnel-shaped. most are twining and erect herbs, with a few woody vines, trees, and shrubs
Convolvulaceae: čeleď vyšších dvouděložných rostlin z řádu lilkotvaré (solanales). jsou to většinou ovíjivé byliny s nápadnými květy. z naší květeny sem náleží svlačec, opletník a kokotice. z užitkových rostlin jsou nejdůležitější sladké brambory neboli batáty, některé druhy poskytují léčiva i halucinogeny nebo jsou pěstovány jako okrasné rostliny. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Convolvulus: a plant genus of the family convolvulaceae. the common name of morning glory also refers to ipomoea. the common name of bindweed also refers to ipomoea; calystegia; or polygonum
Convulsants: substances that act in the brain stem or spinal cord to produce tonic or clonic convulsions, often by removing normal inhibitory tone. they were formerly used to stimulate respiration or as antidotes to barbiturate overdose. they are now most commonly used as experimental tools
Convulsive Therapy: convulsions induced in order to treat mental disorders. it is used primarily in the treatment of severe affective disorders and schizophrenia
Conyza: a plant genus of the family asteraceae. members contain alkenynes, daucosterol, friedelinol, conyzasaponins and other triterpenes
Conyza: rod rostlin čeledi asteraceae. zástupci obsahují alkenyny, daukosterol, friedelinol, konyzasaponiny a další triterpeny
Cookbooks as Topic: works about a set of instructions about how to prepare food for eating using specific directions
Cooking: the art or practice of preparing food. it includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases
Cooking and Eating Utensils: tools used in cooking or eating such as cutlery, pots, pans, and dishes
Cool-Down Exercise: tapering-off physical activity from vigorous to light, to gradually return the body to pre-exercise condition and metabolic state
Coombs Test: a test to detect non-agglutinating antibodies against erythrocytes by use of anti-antibodies (the coombs' reagent.) the direct test is applied to freshly drawn blood to detect antibody bound to circulating red cells. the indirect test is applied to serum to detect the presence of antibodies that can bind to red blood cells
Coombsův test: hematologické vyšetření umožňující odhalit protilátky proti červeným krvinkám. užívá se při vyšetřování hemolytických anemií (autoprotilátky) a před transfuzí (protilátky proti cizím krvinkám). používá se antiglobulinové sérum, které při pozitivním výsledku testu způsobí aglutinaci erytrocytů, které na sobě mají vázány autoprotilátky. (cit. velký lékařský slovník, 4. vydání, maxdorf 2004, p.150)
Cooperative Behavior: the interaction of two or more persons or organizations directed toward a common goal which is mutually beneficial. an act or instance of working or acting together for a common purpose or benefit, i.e., joint action. (from random house dictionary unabridged, 2d ed)
Coordination Complexes: neutral or negatively charged ligands bonded to metal cations or neutral atoms. the number of ligand atoms to which the metal center is directly bonded is the metal cation's coordination number, and this number is always greater than the regular valence or oxidation number of the metal. a coordination complex can be negative, neutral, or positively charged
Copepoda: a huge subclass of mostly marine crustacea, containing over 14,000 species. the 10 orders comprise both planktonic and benthic organisms, and include both free-living and parasitic forms. planktonic copepods form the principle link between phytoplankton and the higher trophic levels of the marine food chains
Copepoda: velká podtřída převážně mořských korýšů zahrnující přes 14 000 druhů v 10 řádech. patří sem bentické i planktonní organismy, některé žijí volně, jiné paraziticky. planktonní klanonožci propojují v mořském potravním řetězci fytoplankton a vyšší trofické úrovně
Copper: a heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55
Copper Radioisotopes: unstable isotopes of copper that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. cu atoms with atomic weights 58-62, 64, and 66-68 are radioactive copper isotopes
Copper Sulfate: a sulfate salt of copper. it is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. it also can be used to prevent the growth of algae
Copper Transport Proteins: membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of copper cations across biological membranes
Copper Transporter 1: a high-affinity, saturable copper transporter of the plasma membrane that functions in the absorption of dietary copper
Copper-Transporting ATPases: p-type atpases which transport copper ions across membranes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. they possess a conserved cysteine-histidine-serine (cpx) amino acid motif within their transmembrane helices that functions in cation translocation and catalytic activation, and an n-terminal copper-binding cxxc motif that regulates enzyme activity. they play essential roles in intracellular copper homeostasis through regulating the uptake, efflux and storage of copper ions, and in cuproprotein biosynthesis
Coprinus: a genus of black-spored basidiomycetous fungi of the family coprinaceae, order agaricales; some species are edible