NLK-NML/MeSH-CZ-2025-notes huggingface dataset:
Travel Nursing: a type of nursing practice involving licensed professional nurses who travel to work in temporary nursing positions
Travoprost: a cloprostenol derivative that is used as an antihypertensive agent in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Trazodone: a serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. it has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. it is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. this drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (from ama drug evaluations annual, 1994, p309)
Treatment Adherence and Compliance: extent to which the patient follows prescribed treatment such as keeping appointments and schedules and medication adherence for desired therapeutic outcome. it implies active responsibility shared by patient and health care providers
Treatment Delay: a longer or slower than expected, or desired, amount of time between onset of symptoms and initiation of therapy
Treatment Effect Heterogeneity: the varying of responses to a given intervention or treatment that occurs across patients or patient subgroups
Treatment Failure: a measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series
Treatment Interruption: a deliberate decision between the patient and health care provider to stop medication for a defined period of time and for a specific clinical purpose
Treatment Outcome: evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series
Treatment Refusal: patient or client refusal of or resistance to medical, psychological, or psychiatric treatment. (apa, thesaurus of psychological index terms, 8th ed.)
Treatment Switching: when patients in a randomized clinical trial switch from the treatment initially assigned to them to another treatment, typically from the control to experimental treatment
Trees: woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (angiosperms, gymnosperms, and some pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches
Trefoil Factor-1: a 60 amino acid (6.5 kda) trefoil factor that contains a single trefoil domain. it is expressed primarily by surface epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, where it associates with mucin 5ac
Trefoil Factor-2: a 106 amino acid (12 kda) trefoil factor that contains two trefoil domains and associates with mucin-6. it is expressed in the gastrointestinal tract by cells of brunner glands; pyloric glands and mucous neck cells. it inhibits gastrointestinal motility and gastric acid secretion and may help maintain the structural integrity of gastric mucus
Trefoil Factor-3: a 59 amino acid (6.6 kda) trefoil factor that contains a single trefoil domain. it is expressed in all tissues with mucous membranes, including goblet cells of the small intestine and large intestine. it associates with mucin-2 in the small intestine and may regulate epithelial cell migration and wound healing
Trefoil Factors: a family of small peptides expressed primarily by mucous membrane epithelial cells in vertebrates. their structure is highly conserved and is defined by a three-leaved (trefoil) domain of 42 or 43 amino acids; it includes six cysteines that create the trefoil structure through disulfide bridges. trefoil peptides may form dimers with each other, or associate with mucins and other factors. they are important for maintaining epithelial integrity and for protection from noxious agents
Trehalase: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alpha,alpha-trehalose and water to d-glucose. ec 3.2.1.28
Trema: a plant genus of the family ulmaceae. members contain phenanthrenes and coumarins
Trema: rod rostlin čeledi cannabidaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují fenantreny a kumariny
Trematoda: class of parasitic flukes consisting of subclasses aspidogastrea and digenea. the digenetic trematodes are the only ones found in man. they are endoparasites and require two hosts to complete their life cycle
Trematoda: třída bezobratlých živočichů, kteří spadají do kmene ploštěnců (platyhelminthes). zahrnuje velkou skupinu helmintů, kteří se vyznačují nepřímým vývojem zahrnujícím 1-3 mezihostitele. jedná se především o endoparazity obratlovců, jen malé množství druhů žije ektoparaziticky. dělí se do dvou podtříd: aspidogastrea a digenea (dvourodí). u člověka se vyskytují pouze zástupci podtřídy digenea. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Trematode Infections: infections caused by infestation with worms of the class trematoda
Tremor: cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of cerebellar diseases, is aggravated by movement. in contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of parkinson disease
Trenbolone Acetate: an anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice
Trench Fever: an intermittent fever characterized by intervals of chills, fever, and splenomegaly each of which may last as long as 40 hours. it is caused by bartonella quintana and transmitted by the human louse
Trendelenburgova poloha: poloha, při níž pacient leží na zádech a jeho pánev je uložena výše než hlava. užívá se při šoku k zlepšení prokrvení životně důležitých orgánů nebo při některých operacích. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2021 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/)
Treponema: a genus of microorganisms of the order spirochaetales, many of which are pathogenic and parasitic for man and animals
Treponema: rod gramnegativních, spirálovitých bakterií řádu spirochaetales. řada druhů je patogenních a parazitických pro člověka a zvířata
Treponema Immobilization Test: syphilis serodiagnosis employing as the antigen treponema pallidum obtained from rabbit syphilis orchitis. treponemes are kept alive for a few hours in a special medium. when syphilitic serum and complement are added and incubated, the treponemes are immobilized, i.e., stop moving
Treponema denticola: a species of bacteria in the family spirochaetaceae, frequently isolated from periodontal pockets (periodontal pocket)
Treponema denticola: druh bakterie čeledi spirochaetaceae, která je často izolována z parodontálních chobotů
Treponema pallidum: druh bakterie, která je etiologickým agens venerické i nevenerické syfilis a také frambézie
Treponema pallidum: the causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws
Tretinoin: an important regulator of gene expression during growth and development, and in neoplasms. tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal vitamin a, is essential for normal growth; and embryonic development. an excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. it is used in the treatment of psoriasis; acne vulgaris; and several other skin diseases. it has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (leukemia, promyelocytic, acute)
Tretoquinol: an adrenergic beta-agonist used as a bronchodilator agent in asthma therapy
Tri S Bond: self-etching adhesive system containing 10-mdp, bis-gma, hema, hydrophobic dimethacrylate, di-camphorquinone, ethanol, water and silanated colloidal silica
Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl: cyclic n-oxide radical functioning as a spin label and radiation-sensitizing agent
Triage: the sorting out and classification of patients or casualties to determine priority of need and proper place of treatment
Trial of Labor: allowing a woman to be in labor, obstetric long enough to determine if vaginal birth may be anticipated
Trialkyltin Compounds: organometallic compounds which contain tin and three alkyl groups
Triallate: a pre-emergence, selective herbicide for the control of wild oats in various crops
Triamcinolone: a glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (from martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739)
Triamcinolone Acetonide: an esterified form of triamcinolone. it is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions
Triamterene: a pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits sodium reabsorption through sodium channels in renal epithelial cells
Triangular Fibrocartilage: fibrocartilage that makes up the triangular fibrocartilage complex which is found in the wrist joint
Triantha occidentalis: a carnivorous plant. genus name refers to three-sectioned ovary with three styles at the tip
Triatoma: a genus of the subfamily triatominae. several species are vectors of trypanosoma cruzi
Triatoma: rod hmyzu podčeledi triatominae. několik druhů je přenašeči parazitického prvoka trypanosoma cruzi, původce chagasovy choroby
Triatominae: a subfamily of assassin bugs (reduviidae) that are obligate blood-suckers of vertebrates. included are the genera triatoma; rhodnius; and panstrongylus, which are vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of chagas disease in humans
Triatominae: podčeleď zákeřnicovitých (reduviidae), kteří se živí sáním krve obratlovců. patří sem rody triatoma, rhodnius a panstrongylus, jejichž zástupci jsou přenašeči parazitického prvoka trypanosoma cruzi, původce chagasovy choroby
Triazenes: compounds with three contiguous nitrogen atoms in linear format, h2n-n=nh, and hydrocarbyl derivatives
Triazines: heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. some are used as herbicides
Triaziquone: alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. it is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys
Triazolam: a short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the fda and most other countries
Triazoles: heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula c2h3n3
Tribolium: a genus of small beetles of the family tenebrionidae; t. confusum is the confused flour beetle
Tribolium: rod malých brouků z čeledi tenebrionidae; tribolium confusum je potemník skladištní
Tribulus: a plant genus of the family zygophyllaceae. members contain steroidal saponins. ingestion by grazing animals causes photosensitivity disorders called geeldikkop (yellow thick head) in south africa
Tribulus: rod rostlin čeledi zygophyllaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují steroidní saponiny. požití rostlin pasoucími se zvířaty může vyvolat poruchy fotosenzitivity
Tribulus extract: extract made from tribulus such as tribulus terrestris or puncturevine. contains steroidal saponin such as protodioscin
TricOs T: resorbable bone substitute consisting of biphasic calcium phosphate and a bioactive matrix
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, Defect of: deficiency in activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Tricarboxylic Acids: organic compounds that are acyclic and contain three acid groups. a member of this class is citric acid which is the first product formed by reaction of pyruvate and oxaloacetate. (from lehninger, principles of biochemistry, 1982, p443)
Trichechus: a genus of the order sirenia comprising what are commonly called manatees. the distinguishing characteristics include a tail that is not notched, a short nasal cavity, the absence of nasal bones, and enamel-covered teeth. members of this genus are found in marine bays and/or sluggish rivers, usually in turbid water. (from scott, concise encyclopedia biology, 1996)
Trichechus: rod velkých vodních savců z čeledi kapustňákovití (trichechidae). kapustňáci se liší od dugongovitých (moroňovitých, dugongidae) ve tvaru lebky a ocasu. ocas kapustňáka má pádlovitý tvar, zatímco ocas moroně tvar vidlicovitý. kapustňáci mají zuby kryté sklovinou, mají kratší nosní dutinu a nemají nosní kosti. žijí v teplých pobřežních vodách a/nebo pomalu tekoucích, bahnitých řekách
Trichechus inunguis: member of the genus trichechus found in the amazon and orinoco drainages of northeastern south america. (from scott, concise encyclopedia biology, 1996)
Trichechus inunguis: velký vodní savec z řádu sirén. žije v povodí amazonky, jako jediný druh sirén je vázán výhradně na sladkovodní prostředí. ve starší literatuře se objevuje tvrzení, že kapustňák jihoamerický obývá také řeku orinoko. současní vědci to vylučují a případná pozorování vysvětlují záměnou s kapustňákem širokonosým. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Trichechus manatus: jeden ze tří žijících druhů kapustňáků (trichechus). žije v pobřežních vodách a řekách jihovýchodu usa, západní indie a přilehlé pevniny od vera cruz v mexiku po sever jižní ameriky. dorůstá délky 2,5 až 4,5 m a jeho hmotnost se pohybuje mezi 200 až 600 kg. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Trichechus manatus: member of the genus trichechus inhabiting the coast and coastal rivers of the southeastern united states as well as the west indies and the adjacent mainland from vera cruz, mexico to northern south america. (from scott, concise encyclopedia biology, 1996)
Trichiasis: a disease of the eye in which the eyelashes abnormally turn inwards toward the eyeball producing constant irritation caused by motion of the lids
Trichilemmal Cyst 1: a hereditary, autosomal dominant type of epidermal cyst that occurs primarily on the scalp. these cysts are easily enucleated, and are characterized by a well-keratinized epidermal wall surrounding semisolid hair keratin. they appear during adolescence as firm, smooth, white-walled cysts without a puncta. this phenotype has been mapped to chromosome 3p24-p21.2. omim: 609649
Trichinella: a genus of parasitic nematodes that causes trichinellosis in man and other animal
Trichinella: rod parazitických hlístic, které způsobují trichinelózu zvířat a člověka
Trichinella spiralis: a parasite of carnivorous mammals that causes trichinellosis. it is especially common in rats and in swine fed uncooked garbage. human infection is initiated by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other meat containing the encysted larvae
Trichinella spiralis: parazitická hlístice, jejímž hostitelem jsou savci (včetně člověka) a ptáci. onemocnění způsobené larvami těchto červů se nazývá trichinelóza. u člověka jde o nebezpečné onemocnění, jež má příčinu vždy v konzumaci syrového nebo polosyrového masa. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Trichinelloidea: nadčeleď hlístic řádu enoplida. mají dobře vyvinuté střevo a rektum
Trichinellosis: an infection with trichinella. it is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms trichinella genus. all members of the trichinella genus can infect human in addition to trichinella spiralis, the traditional etiological agent. it is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem
Trichlorfon: an organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. it is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (from merck, 11th ed)
Trichlormethiazide: a thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide. (from martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830)
Trichloroacetic Acid: a strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts
Trichloroepoxypropane: a potent epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor. it enhances the tumor-initiating ability of certain carcinogens
Trichloroethanes: chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. they have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. these compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers
Trichloroethylene: a highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. it is also used as an industrial solvent. prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment
Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome: enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification with associated strikingly curly hair
Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome 1: kinky or curly hair, dolichocephaly, enamel hypoplasia, increased dental caries, radial dense bones, and brittle nails
Trichoderma: a mitosporic fungal genus frequently found in soil and on wood. it is sometimes used for controlling pathogenic fungi. its teleomorph is hypocrea
Trichoderma: rod mitosporických hub, který se často vyskytuje v půdě a na dřevě. někdy se používá na ochranu před patogenními houbami. teleomorfním rodem je hypocrea
Trichodermin: antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry
Trichodesmium: a nitrogen-fixing genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that occurs in tropical and subtropical oceans
Trichodesmium: rod vláknitých sinic fixujících dusík. vyskytují se v tropických a subtropických oceánech
Trichoepithelioma, Multiple Familial, 2: aka mft2
Trichoepitheliomas, Multiple Desmoplastic: a hereditary autosomal dominant benign neoplasm with follicular differentiation. it is distinct from inherited multiple trichoepitheliomas. omim: 190345
Trichofolliculoma: split away congenital trichofolliculoma; and sebaceous trichofolliculoma
Tricholoma: a large genus of gilled mushrooms in the family tricholomataceae. they are most often found in mountain and northern forests
Tricholoma: obsáhlý rod stopkovýtrusých hub čeledi tricholomataceae. nejčastěji se vyskytuje v lesích severní polokoule
Trichomes: hair-like extensions on specialized epidermal surfaces of plants which protect against damage from insects, animals, light degradation and fungal infection. trichomes may also occur on certain unicellular eukaryotes
Trichomonadida: an order of parasitic eukaryotes typically having four to six flagella. true cysts are known in very few species. trichomonadida were formerly members of the class zoomastigophora in the old five kingdom paradigm
Trichomonadida: řád jednojaderných bičíkatých prvoků z říše excavata, kmene parabasalia (někdy však je řazen do kmene metamonada). jedná se o komenzály v trávicí soustavě obratlovců i bezobratlých, někdy však parazitují. mají maximálně pět bičíků předních a jeden zadní, k tomu navíc undulující membránu a tzv. kosta. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Trichomonas: a genus of parasitic flagellate eukaryotes distinguished by the presence of four anterior flagella, an undulating membrane, and a trailing flagellum
Trichomonas: rod parazitických bičíkatých eukaryot. mají typickou strukturu se čtyřmi bičíky. pátý bičík je nejkratší a je tvořený undulující membránou. (upraveno podle wikiskripta 2020 http://www.wikiskripta.eu/)
Trichomonas Infections: infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of trichomonas
Trichomonas Vaginitis: inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. this disease is caused by the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis: a species of trichomonas that produces a refractory vaginal discharge in females, as well as bladder and urethral infections in males
Trichomonas vaginalis: druh parazitického prvoka rodu trichomonas s kosmopolitním výskytem. parazituje v pohlavních orgánech žen a způsobuje lidskou urogenitální trichomoniázu. žije také v močové trubici mužů, zde ale onemocnění způsobuje velmi vzácně. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Trichophytin: antigens from the genus trichophyton. trichophytin has been used in studies of immunological responses to these dermatophytes
Trichophyton: a mitosporic fungal genus and an anamorphic form of arthroderma. various species attack the skin, nails, and hair
Trichophyton: rod mitosporických hub, který je anamorfou rodu arthroderma. různé druhy napadají kůži, nehty a vlasy
Trichophyton infection: infection by fungi of the genus trichophyton, especially trichophyton rubrum, which is the leading cause of tinea
Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome, Type I: a hereditary autosomal dominant malformation syndrome characterized by distinctive craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities. trps i patients have sparse scalp hair, bulbous tip of the nose, long flat lip with a thin upper vermilion border, and protruding ears. skeletal abnormalities include cone-shaped epiphyses at the phalanges, hip malformations, and short stature. mutations in the trps1 gene have been identified. omim: 190350
Trichosanthes: a plant species of the family cucurbitaceae that is a source of trichosanthin (a ribosomal inhibitory protein)
Trichosanthes: druh rostlin čeledi cucurbitaceae, který obsahuje trichosantin (protein inaktivující ribozomy)
Trichosanthin: plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) purified from the chinese medicinal herb tian-hua-fen which is obtained from the root tubers of trichosanthes kirilowii. it has been used as an abortifacient and in the treatment of trophoblastic tumors. glq223 (compound q), a highly purified form of trichosanthin, has been proposed as antiviral treatment for aids
Trichosporon: a mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (see trichosporonosis) and white piedra
Trichosporon: rod mitosporických hub, který může vyvolat oportunní infekce, fungemie, alergickou pneumonitidu (viz trichosporonóza) a bílou piedru
Trichosporonosis: fungal infections caused by trichosporon that may become systemic especially in an immunocompromised host. clinical manifestations range from superficial cutaneous infections to systemic lesions in multiple organs
Trichostasis spinulosa: elevated, dark, spiny papules on the face or trunk
Trichostomatida: an order of ciliate protozoa in which the cytostome is usually situated at the base of an oral groove, the wall of which bears dense cilia
Trichostomatida: řád nálevníků, jejichž cytostom je zpravidla vnořený, s hustou orální ciliaturou
Trichostomatina: a suborder of ciliate protozoa characterized by non-reduction of the somatic ciliature
Trichostomatina: podřád nálevníků charakterizovaný neredukovanou somatickou ciliaturou
Trichostrongyloidea: a superfamily of nematodes. most are intestinal parasites of ruminants and accidentally in humans. this superfamily includes seven genera: dictyocaulus; haemonchus; cooperia, ostertagia; nematodirus, trichostrongylus; and hyostrongylus
Trichostrongyloidea: nadčeleď hlístic. většina zástupců je parazity přežvýkavců a příležitostně člověka. patří sem např. rody dictyocaulus, haemonchus, cooperia, ostertagia, nematodirus, trichostrongylus a hyostrongylus
Trichostrongyloidiasis: infection by roundworms of the superfamily trichostrongyloidea, including the genera trichostrongylus; ostertagia; cooperia, haemonchus; nematodirus, hyostrongylus, and dictyocaulus
Trichostrongylosis: infestation with nematode worms of the genus trichostrongylus. man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin
Trichostrongylus: a genus of parasitic nematodes found in the digestive tract of herbivorous animals. they cause incidental infections in humans from the following species: trichostrongylus colubriformis, t. orientalis, t. axei, and t. probolurus
Trichostrongylus: rod parazitických hlístic, které žijí v trávicím traktu býložravců. druhy trichostrongylus colubriformis, t. orientalis, t. axei a t. probolurus způsobují náhodné infekce člověka
Trichosurus: a genus of brush-tailed possums found chiefly in australia and new zealand. secretions from their anal gland function both in defense and demarcating territory
Trichosurus: rod vačnatců s chundelatým ocasem, žijících hlavně v austrálii a na novém zélandu. sekrety jejich análních žláz slouží k obraně a vyznačení teritoria
Trichothecenes: usually 12,13-epoxytrichothecenes, produced by fusaria, stachybotrys, trichoderma and other fungi, and some higher plants. they may contaminate food or feed grains, induce emesis and hemorrhage in lungs and brain, and damage bone marrow due to protein and dna synthesis inhibition
Trichothecenes, Type A: a subclass of trichothecene derivatives that include the 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene structure of the molecule with the c-8 position containing either no oxygen substitution, a hydroxyl group at c-8, or an ester function at c-8
Trichothecenes, Type B: a subclass of trichothecene derivatives that include the 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene structure with a keto (carbonyl) function at c-8
Trichothecenes, Type C: a subclass of trichothecene derivatives that includes the 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene structure with an epoxide oxygen bond to the c7 and c8 carbon atoms
Trichothiodystrophy Syndromes: autosomal recessive neuroectodermal disorders characterized by brittle sulfur-deficient hair associated with impaired intellect, decreased fertility, and short stature. it may include nail dystrophy, ichthyosis, and photosensitivity correlated with a nucleotide excision repair defect. all individuals with this disorder have a deficiency of cysteine-rich keratin-associated proteins found in the interfilamentous matrix. photosensitive trichothiodystrophy can be caused by mutation in at least 2 separate genes: ercc2 protein gene and the related ercc3. nonphotosensitive trichothiodystrophy can be caused by mutation in the ttdn1 gene
Trichuriasis: infection with nematodes of the genus trichuris, formerly called trichocephalus
Trichuroidea: a superfamily of nematodes of the order enoplida. its organisms have a well developed intestine and rectum
Triclabendazole: benzimidazole antiplatyhelmintic agent that is used for the treatment of fascioliasis and paragonimiasis
Triclosan: a diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. it has some bacteriostatic and fungistatic action
Tricuspid Atresia: absence of the orifice between the right atrium and right ventricle, with the presence of an atrial defect through which all the systemic venous return reaches the left heart. as a result, there is left ventricular hypertrophy (hypertrophy, left ventricular) because the right ventricle is absent or not functional
Tricuspid Valve: the valve consisting of three cusps situated between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency: backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium due to imperfect closure of the tricuspid valve
Tricuspid Valve Prolapse: abnormal protrusion of one or more of the leaflets of tricuspid valve into the right atrium during systole. this allows the backflow of blood into right atrium leading to tricuspid valve insufficiency; systolic murmurs. its most common cause is not primary valve abnormality but rather the dilation of the right ventricle and the tricuspid annulus
Tricuspid Valve Stenosis: the pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve. this hinders the emptying of right atrium leading to elevated right atrial pressure and systemic venous congestion. tricuspid valve stenosis is almost always due to rheumatic fever
Trientine: an ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for epoxy resins, as ampholyte for isoelectric focusing and as chelating agent for copper in hepatolenticular degeneration
Triethylenemelamine: toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers
Triethylenephosphoramide: an insect chemosterilant and an antineoplastic agent
Triethyltin Compounds: organic compounds composed of tin and three ethyl groups. affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes
Trifluoperazine: a phenothiazine with actions similar to chlorpromazine. it is used as an antipsychotic and an antiemetic
Trifluoroacetic Acid: a very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. it is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis
Trifluoroethanol: a non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. it is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications
Trifluperidol: a butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of haloperidol. it is used in the treatment of psychoses including mania and schizophrenia. (from martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)
Triflupromazine: a phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic
Trifluridine: an antiviral derivative of thymidine used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to herpes simplex virus. (from martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557)
Trifunctional Protein Deficiency With Myopathy And Neuropathy: an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by decreased activity of 3 mitochondrial enzymes: long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase (lchad), long-chain enoyl-coa hydratase, and long-chain thiolase of the mitochonrial trifucntional protein . clinically, classic trifunctional protein deficiency can be classified into 3 main clinical phenotypes: neonatal onset of a severe, lethal condition resulting in sudden infant death, infantile onset of a hepatic reye-like syndrome, and late-adolescent onset of primarily a skeletal myopathy. mutations in the hadha and hadhb genes have been identified. omim: 609015
Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias: primary headache disorders that show symptoms caused by the activation of the autonomic nervous system of the trigeminal nerve. these autonomic features include redness and tearing of the eye, nasal congestion or discharge, facial sweating and other symptoms. most subgroups show unilateral cranial pain
Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus: the caudal portion of the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (trigeminal nucleus, spinal), a nucleus involved with pain and temperature sensation
Trigeminal Ganglion: the semilunar-shaped ganglion containing the cells of origin of most of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve. it is situated within the dural cleft on the cerebral surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and gives off the ophthalmic, maxillary, and part of the mandibular nerves
Trigeminal Motor Nucleus: nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum with motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the jaw through the motor portion of the trigeminal nerve
Trigeminal Nerve: the 5th and largest cranial nerve. the trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. the larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. most of these fibers originate from cells of the trigeminal ganglion and project to the trigeminal nucleus of the brain stem. the smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication
Trigeminal Nerve Diseases: diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. the nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. the mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, infratentorial neoplasms, and trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal Nerve Injuries: traumatic injuries to the trigeminal nerve. it may result in extreme pain, abnormal sensation in the areas the nerve innervates on face, jaw, gums and tongue and can cause difficulties with speech and chewing. it is sometimes associated with various dental treatments
Trigeminal Neuralgia: a syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. associated conditions include multiple sclerosis, vascular anomalies, aneurysms, and neoplasms. (adams et al., principles of neurology, 6th ed, p187)
Trigeminal Nuclei: nuclei of the trigeminal nerve situated in the brain stem. they include the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (trigeminal nucleus, spinal), the principal sensory nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus, and the motor nucleus
Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal: nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. it is divided cytoarchitectonically into three parts: oralis, caudalis (trigeminal caudal nucleus), and interpolaris
Trigger Finger Disorder: a painful disability in the hand affecting the finger or thumb. it is caused by mechanical impingement of the digital flexor tendons as they pass through a narrowed retinacular pulley at the level of the metacarpal head. thickening of the sheath and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia can occur, and nodules can form. (from green's operative hand surgery, 5th ed, p2137-58)
Trigger Points: discrete spots in taut bands of muscle that produce local and referred pain when muscle bands are compressed
Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1: an approximately 230 amino acid membrane glycoprotein characterized by an immunoglobulin v-set domain in its n-terminal half. it is expressed by monocytes and neutrophils in response to inflammation related to bacterial and fungal infections. it triggers the release of pro-inflammatory chemokines; cytokines, and expression of cell activation markers and is a critical regulator of septic shock
Trihalomethanes: methanes substituted with three halogen atoms, which may be the same or different
Trihexosylceramides: glycosphingolipids which contain as their polar head group a trisaccharide (galactose-galactose-glucose) moiety bound in glycosidic linkage to the hydroxyl group of ceramide. their accumulation in tissue, due to a defect in ceramide trihexosidase, is the cause of angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (fabry disease)
Trihexyphenidyl: one of the centrally acting muscarinic antagonists used for treatment of parkinsonian disorders and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic
Triiodobenzoic Acids: triiodo-substituted derivatives of benzoic acid
Triiodothyronine: a t3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (t4). most t3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of t4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. the hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly t3
Triiodothyronine, Reverse: a metabolite of thyroxine, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of t4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus
Trillium: a plant genus of the family melanthiaceae that is a short plant with a distinct whorl of 3 broad leaves
Trillium: rod rostlin čeledi melanthiaceae. vytrvalé byliny s listeny v trojčetných přeslenech. (upraveno podle botany.cz 2020 https://botany.cz/)
Trilogy of Fallot: a combination of congenital heart defects consisting of three key features including atrial septal defects; pulmonary stenosis; and right ventricular hypertrophy
Trimebutine: proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders
Trimedoxime: cholinesterase reactivator used as an antidote in alkyl phosphate poisoning
Trimeprazine: a phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic
Trimeresurus: a genus of snakes of the family viperidae. about 30 species are currently recognized, found in southeast asia and adjacent island chains. the okinawa habu frequently enters dwellings in search of rats and mice; the chinese habu is often found in suburban and agricultural areas. they are quite irritable. (moore: poisonous snakes of the world, 1980, p136)
Trimeresurus: rod hadů čeledi viperidae (zmijovití). v současné době sem patří asi 30 druhů. vyskytují se v jihovýchodní asii a na přilehlých ostrovech
Trimetasphere: an mri contrast agent in which a gd3n cluster is encapsulated within a c80 cage
Trimetazidine: a vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease
Trimethadione: an anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (from ama drug evaluations annual, 1994, p378)
Trimethaphan: a nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery
Trimethoprim: a pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to pyrimethamine. it is potentiated by sulfonamides and the trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination is the form most often used. it is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. trimethoprim resistance has been reported
Trimethoprim Resistance: nonsusceptibility of bacteria to the action of trimethoprim
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: a drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. it is effective in the treatment of many infections, including pneumocystis pneumonia in aids
Trimethyl Ammonium Compounds: quaternary ammonium compounds containing three methyl groups, having the general formula of (ch3)3n+r
Trimethylaminuria: a hereditary autosomal recessive condition which results from the abnormal presence of large amounts of volatile and malodorous trimethylamine within the body. this chemical, a tertiary aliphatic amine, is excreted in the urine, sweat (ichthyohidrosis), and breath, which take on the offensive odor of decaying fish. mutations in the fmo3 gene have been identified. omim: 602079
Trimethylsilyl Compounds: organic silicon derivatives used to characterize hydroxysteroids, nucleosides, and related compounds. trimethylsilyl esters of amino acids are used in peptide synthesis
Trimethyltin Compounds: organic compounds composed of tin and three methyl groups. affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes
Trimetrexate: a nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. it is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against pneumocystis pneumonia in aids patients. myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect
Trimipramine: tricyclic antidepressant similar to imipramine, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties
Trindium: a copper-based dental casting alloy; contains (in weight %) 87.0% cu, 11.0% al, 1.0% mn, 1.0% ni
Trinidad a Tobago: ostrovní stát v karibském moři při severním pobřeží jižní ameriky na dvou ostrovech, trinidadu a tobagu a dalších 20 malých ostrovech. roku 1763 připadlo tobago britům, kteří v roce 1797 obsadili i trinidad. ostrov získal autonomii v roce 1950 a úplnou nezávislost v roce 1962. v roce 1976 se sice stal trinidad a tobago republikou, ale i přes to je stále členem commonwealthu. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Trinidad and Tobago: an independent state in the lesser antilles in the west indies, north of venezuela, comprising the islands of trinidad and tobago. its capital is port of spain. both islands were discovered by columbus in 1498. the spanish, english, dutch, and french figure in their history over four centuries. trinidad and tobago united in 1898 and were made part of the british colony of trinidad and tobago in 1899. the colony became an independent state in 1962. trinidad was so named by columbus either because he arrived on trinity sunday or because three mountain peaks suggested the holy trinity. tobago was given the name by columbus from the haitian tambaku, pipe, from the natives' habit of smoking tobacco leaves. (webster's new geographical dictionary, 1988, p1228, 1216 & room, brewer's dictionary of names, 1992, p555, 547)
Trinitrobenzenes: benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: a reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups
Trinitrotoluene: a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences
Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion: an increased number of contiguous trinucleotide repeats in the dna sequence from one generation to the next. the presence of these regions is associated with diseases such as fragile x syndrome and myotonic dystrophy. some chromosome fragile sites are composed of sequences where trinucleotide repeat expansion occurs
Trinucleotide Repeats: microsatellite repeats consisting of three nucleotides dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes
Triolein: (z)-9-octadecenoic acid 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester
Triose-Phosphate Isomerase: an enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. a deficiency in humans causes nonspherocytic hemolytic disease (anemia, hemolytic, congenital nonspherocytic). ec 5.3.1.1
Trioxsalen: pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly psoralea corylifolia. it is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo
Triparanol: antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. according to merck index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts
Tripartite Motif Proteins: a protein family defined by the presence of three zinc finger domains, one of which is a ring finger domain, a coiled-coil region, and a highly variable c-terminal region. they function in many cellular processes including apoptosis and cell cycle regulation
Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 28: a tripartite motif protein consisting of an n-terminal ring finger, two b-box type zinc fingers, and c-terminal phd domain. it functions as a transcriptional repressor by associating with kruppel-association box domain (krab domain) transcription factors and has e3-sumo-ligase activity towards itself and also sumoylates interferon regulatory factor-7 to reduce its activity as a transcriptional activator. it can also function as a ubiquitin protein ligase towards tumor suppressor protein p53
Tripelennamine: a histamine h1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. it is used to treat asthma; hay fever; urticaria; and rhinitis; and also in veterinary applications. tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically
Tripeptidyl-Peptidase 1: lysosomal serine proteases that release n-terminal tripeptide from a polypeptide and cleave peptides between hydrophobic residues. an enzyme that in humans encoded by the tpp1 gene. it is involved in the degradation of bone collagen. mutations in this gene are associated with the ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 2; and spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive ceroid lipofuscinosis, neuronal, 2; and spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 7
Triphalangeal Thumb: duplication of the distal phalanx of the thumb, resulting in a 'duck-bill' appearance. affected individuals may also have abnormalities of other fingers and feet, such as preaxial polydactyly. it is associated with mutations in the lmbr1 gene. omim: 174500
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms: breast neoplasms that do not express estrogen receptors; progesterone receptors; and do not overexpress the neu receptor/her-2 proto-oncogene protein
Triple X syndrome: a chromosomal abnormality characterized by the presence of an additional x chromosome in each of a female's cells. affected individuals may be taller than average but they typically do not have any unusual physical features and most experience normal sexual development and are fertile. triple x syndrome is associated with an increased risk of learning disorders and delayed development of speech and language skills. delayed development of motor skills, hypotonia, and behavioral and emotional disturbances may also occur. seizures or kidney abnormalities occur in about 10 percent of cases
Triplets: three individuals derived from three fetuses that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the uterus simultaneously, and born to the same mother
Tripleurospermum: a plant genus of the family asteraceae. it is easily confused with related plants with similar common names of chamomile and mayweed (matricaria; chamaemelum; and anthemis)
Tripleurospermum: rod rostlin čeledi asteraceae. jeho zástupce lze snadno zaměnit za příbuzné rody matricaria, chamaemelum a anthemis
Triploidy: polyploidy with three sets of chromosomes. triploidy in humans are 69xxx, 69xxy, and 69xyy. it is associated with holoprosencephaly; abnormalities, multiple; partial hydatidiform mole; and miscarrages
Triprolidine: histamine h1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; asthma; and urticaria. it is a component of cough and cold medicines. it may cause drowsiness
Tripterygium: a plant genus of the family celastraceae that is a source of triterpenoids and diterpene epoxides such as triptolide
Tripterygium: rod rostlin čeledi celastraceae, jehož zástupci obsahují triterpenoidy a diterpenové epoxidy, jako např. triptolid
Triptorelin Pamoate: a potent synthetic long-acting agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone with d-tryptophan substitution at residue 6
Triquetrum Bone: a carpal bone which is located between the lunate bone and hamate bone
Trisaccharides: oligosaccharides containing three monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds
Trismus: spasmodic contraction of the masseter muscle resulting in forceful jaw closure. this may be seen with a variety of diseases, including tetanus, as a complication of radiation therapy, trauma, or in association with neoplastic conditions
Trisomy: the possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell
Trisomy 13 Syndrome: a chromosome disorder associated with trisomy of all or part of chromosome 13. clinical manifestations include congenital heart defects (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus), facial malformations (e.g., cleft lip; cleft palate; coloboma; microphthalmia); hypotonia, digit malformations (e.g., polydactyly or syndactyly), and seizures and severe intellectual disability associated with nervous system malformations
Trisomy 18 Syndrome: a chromosome disorder associated with trisomy of all or part of chromosome 18. clinical manifestations include intrauterine growth retardation; cleft palate; congenital heart defects; microcephaly; micrognathia and clenched fists with overlapping fingers. most affected fetuses do not survive to birth. those who survive through their first year often have severe intellectual disability
Tristetraprolin: a zinc finger motif containing transcription factor that was originally identified as one of the immediate-early proteins. it shuttles between the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus and is involved in destabilization of mrnas for tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Trisynex: a dietary supplement of modified cellulose and cetylated fatty acids during an 8-week weight loss program exhibited favorable effects on adipocytokines and regional body composition
Triterpenes: a class of terpenes (the general formula c30h48) formed by the condensation of six isoprene units, equivalent to three terpene units
Triticale: a cereal grain plant resulting from a cross between triticum and secale cereale
Triticum: a plant genus of the family poaceae that is the source of edible grain. a hybrid with rye (secale cereale) is called triticale. the seed is ground into flour and used to make bread, and is the source of wheat germ agglutinins