NLK-NML/MeSH-CZ-2025-notes huggingface dataset:
Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome: a congenital syndrome characterized by variable abnormalities of the limbs, head and face including an unusually prominent forehead (frontal bossing), hypertelorism; macrocephaly; craniosynostoses; and syndactyly. psychomotor development is usually normal. it is caused by mutations or chromosomal translocations invloving the gli3 gene. omim: 175700
Grenada: an island of the west indies. its capital is st. george's. it was discovered in 1498 by columbus who called it concepcion. it was held at different times by the french and the british during the 18th century. the british suppressed a native uprising in 1795. it was an associate state of great britain 1967-74 but became an independent nation within the british commonwealth in 1974. the original name referred to the feast of the immaculate conception but it was later renamed for the spanish kingdom of granada. (from webster's new geographical dictionary, 1988, p467 & room, brewer's dictionary of names, 1992, p219)
Grenada: grenada je ostrovní stát v karibském moři v malých antilách. rozkládá se na ostrově grenada a (směrem na sever) jižní části souostroví grenadiny. nachází se v jižní části návětrných ostrovů severozápadně od státu trinidad a tobago a jihozápadně od státu svatý vincenc a grenadiny nedaleko venezuelského pobřeží. hlavním a zároveň největším městem je saint george's s 4 300 obyvateli. grenada je konstituční monarchie. vlastní autonomii měla od roku 1967 (jako "stát přidružený k velké británii"), nezávislost získala až 7. února 1974. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Grewia: a plant genus of the family tiliaceae. members contain lupeol and betulin triterpenes
Grewia: rod rostlin čeledi malvaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují lupeol a betulinové triterpeny
Grid Cells: neurons in the entorhinal cortex that project to the hippocampus. grid cells and place cells play a role in cognitive representation of spatial memory and navigation
Grief: normal, appropriate sorrowful response to an immediate cause. it is self-limiting and gradually subsides within a reasonable time
Grief Therapy: treatment that helps a person work through a greater than normal reaction to a loss, such as the death of a loved one. therapy may be individual or group therapy
Griffonia: a plant genus of the family fabaceae. members contain griffonia simplicifolia agglutin-i and griffonin
Griffonia: rod rostlin z čeledi fabaceae (bobovité). semena i listy griffonia simplicifolia obsahují 5-hydroxytryptofan (5-htp), aglutin lektin gsl-i a griffonin
Grifola: rod stopkovýtrusých hub řádu agaricales. zástupci patří k jedlým houbám
Grindelia: a plant genus of the family asteraceae. members contain triterpenoid sapogenins
Grindelia: rod rostlin čeledi asteraceae, jehož zástupci obsahují terpenoidní sapogeniny
Griscelli syndrome type 2: a hereditary autosomal recessive disorder characterized by immune deficiency, hypopigmentation of the skin and hair, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis resulting in multiple organ failure. mutations in the rab27a gene have been identified. omim: 607624
Griseofulvin: an antifungal agent used in the treatment of tinea infections
Groin: the external junctural region between the lower part of the abdomen and the thigh
Groll Hirschowitz syndrome: nerve type deafness with mesenteric diverticula of small bowel and progressive sensory neuropathy
Grooming: an animal's cleaning and caring for the body surface. this includes preening, the cleaning and oiling of feathers with the bill or of hair with the tongue
Grossulariaceae: a plant family of the order rosales, subclass rosidae, class magnoliopsida. they are deciduous woody shrubs with alternate leaves. the flowers are in terminal racemes with 5 petals and 5 stamens
Grossulariaceae: čeleď vyšších dvouděložných rostlin z řádu lomikamenotvaré (saxifragales). opadavé nebo ojediněle i stálezelené keře s jednoduchými střídavými listy. květy jsou jedno nebo oboupohlavné, pravidelné, čtyř až pětičetné, v hroznech nebo řidčeji v chocholičnatých latách či jednotlivé. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Group Dynamics: processes of change in any social group from formation to functioning. it includes various forces that drive relationship among members and interaction with other groups
Group Homes: housing for groups of patients, children, or others who need or desire emotional or physical support. they are usually established as planned, single housekeeping units in residential dwellings that provide care and supervision for small groups of residents, who, although unrelated, live together as a family
Group I Chaperonins: a subcategory of chaperonins found in mitochondria; chloroplasts; and bacteria. group i chaperonins form into a barrel-shaped macromolecular structure that is enclosed by a separate lid-like protein component
Group I Phospholipases A2: a subcategory of secreted phospholipases a2 that includes enzymes isolated from elapid venoms and pancreatic sources. the creation of this group is based upon similarities in the structural determinants of the enzymes
Group IA Phospholipases A2: a subclass of group i phospholipases a2 that includes enzymes isolated from elapid venoms
Group IB Phospholipases A2: a subclass of group i phospholipases a2 that includes enzymes isolated from pancreatic juice. members of this group have specificity for phospholipase a2 receptors
Group II Chaperonins: a subcategory of chaperonins found in archaea and the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. group ii chaperonins form a barrel-shaped macromolecular structure that is distinct from group i chaperonins in that it does not utilize a separate lid like structure to enclose proteins
Group II Phospholipases A2: a subcategory of secreted phospholipases a2 that includes enzymes isolated from a variety of sources. the creation of this group is based upon similarities in the structural determinants of the enzymes including a negatively charged carboxy-terminal segment
Group III Histone Deacetylases: a subclass of histone deacetylases that are nad-dependent. several members of the sirtuins family are included in this subclass
Group III Phospholipases A2: a subcategory of secreted phospholipases a2 with specificity for phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholine. it occurs as a component of venoms and as a mammalian secretory phospholipase a2. the creation of this group is based upon similarities in the structural determinants of the enzymes including a long amino-terminal domain, a conserved group iii-specific domain, and a long carboxyl-terminal domain
Group IV Phospholipases A2: a cytosolic phospholipase a2 group that plays an important role in the release of free arachidonic acid, which in turn is metabolized to prostaglandins by the cyclooxygenase pathway and to leukotrienes by the 5-lipoxygenase pathway
Group Practice: any group of three or more full-time physicians organized in a legally recognized entity for the provision of health care services, sharing space, equipment, personnel and records for both patient care and business management, and who have a predetermined arrangement for the distribution of income
Group Practice, Dental: any group of three or more full-time dentists, organized in a legally recognized entity for the provision of dental care, sharing space, equipment, personnel and records for both patient care and business management, and who have a predetermined arrangement for the distribution of income
Group Practice, Prepaid: an organized group of three or more full-time physicians rendering services for a fixed prepayment
Group Purchasing: a shared service which combines the purchasing power of individual organizations or facilities in order to obtain lower prices for equipment and supplies. (from health care terms, 2nd ed)
Group Structure: the informal or formal organization of a group of people based on a network of personal relationships which is influenced by the size and composition, etc., of the group
Group V Phospholipases A2: a subcategory of secreted phospholipases a2 that contains both a negatively charged carboxy-terminal segment and interfacial-binding region specific for phosphatidyl choline-containing membranes. this enzyme group may play a role in the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipid membranes
Group VI Phospholipases A2: a calcium-independent phospholipase a2 group that may play a role in membrane phospholipid remodeling and homeostasis by controling the levels of phosphatidylcholine in mammalian cell membranes
Group X Phospholipases A2: a secreted phospholipase a2 subtype that contains a interfacial-binding region with specificity for phosphatidylcholine. this enzyme group may play a role in eliciting arachidonic acid release from intact cellular membranes and from low density lipoproteins. members of this group bind specifically to phospholipase a2 receptors
Grover's disease: acute eruption of small itchy red papules, especially in the middle of the chest and back, that are characterized by acantholysis. the eruption is usually triggered by sweating or heat and may last 10-12 months. it is most common in men over age 40
Growth: gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. growth generally results in increase in organ weight; body weight; and body height
Growth Cones: bulbous enlargement of the growing tip of nerve axons and dendrites. they are crucial to neuronal development because of their pathfinding ability and their role in synaptogenesis
Growth Differentiation Factor 1: a growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during vertebrate development. evidence for this role is seen in mice where loss of growth differentiation factor 1 function results in right-left isomerism of visceral organs. in humans heterozygous loss of growth differentiation factor 1 function has been associated with congenital heart defects and transposition of great vessels
Growth Differentiation Factor 10: a growth differentiation factor that is closely-related in structure to bone morphogenetic protein 3. growth differentiation factor 10 is found at high levels in bone, however it plays an additional roles in regulating embryonic development
Growth Differentiation Factor 15: a growth differentiation factor that is secreted in response to cell stress and in response to macrophage activation. in addition growth differentiation factor 15 demonstrates a diverse array of biological properties including the induction of cartilage formation, the inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor proliferation, and the induction of neuronal migration
Growth Differentiation Factor 2: a growth differentiation factor that plays a regulatory role as a paracrine factor for a diverse array of cell types during embryonic development and in the adult tissues. growth differentiation factor 2 is also a potent regulator of chondrogenesis and was previously referred to as bone morphogenetic protein 9
Growth Differentiation Factor 3: a growth differentiation factor that may play a role in maintaining the undifferentiated state of pluripotent stem cells by inhibiting the actions of bone morphogenetic proteins. differentiation factor 3 is also considered a nodal signaling ligand that influences the genesis of left-right asymmetry
Growth Differentiation Factor 5: a growth differentiation factor that plays a role in early chondrogenesis and joint formation
Growth Differentiation Factor 6: a growth differentiation factor that plays a role in the neural differentiation, specifically in the retinal development of the eye
Growth Differentiation Factor 9: a bone morphogenetic protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis
Growth Differentiation Factors: a family of bone morphogenetic protein-related proteins that are primarily involved in regulation of cell differentiation
Growth Disorders: deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth
Growth Factors, Combined Defect of: characterized by reduced subcutaneous fat on the limbs, lipodystrophy in the face and trunk, and reduced relative body weight. also relatively broad neurocranium and birdlike face, with a beaked nose, moderate micrognathia, and a very narrow mouth. other signs include contractures of joints, slight pectus excavatum, flat feet, and scleroderma-like changes in the skin. omim: 233805
Growth Hormone: a polypeptide that is secreted by the adenohypophysis (pituitary gland, anterior). growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, stimulates mitosis, cell differentiation and cell growth. species-specific growth hormones have been synthesized
Growth Hormone Deficiency With Pituitary Anomalies: promote to hm; also known as cphd5
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone: a peptide of 44 amino acids in most species that stimulates the release and synthesis of growth hormone. ghrf (or grf) is synthesized by neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. after being released into the pituitary portal circulation, ghrf stimulates gh release by the somatotrophs in the pituitary gland
Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma: a pituitary tumor that secretes growth hormone. in humans, excess human growth hormone leads to acromegaly
Growth Inhibitors: endogenous or exogenous substances which inhibit the normal growth of human and animal cells or micro-organisms, as distinguished from those affecting plant growth (= plant growth regulators)
Growth Plate: the area between the epiphysis and the diaphysis within which bone growth occurs
Growth Retardation, Developmental Delay, Coarse Facies, And Early Death: also known as gdfd ; associated with mutation in fto
Growth Retardation, Small and Puffy Hands and Feet, and Eczema: pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, hypotonia, psychomotor retardation with notably impaired speech development, small and puffy hands and feet, small and widely spaced teeth, eczematous skin, and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum
Growth and Development: the series of changes to the shape, size, components, and functions of an individual organism that occur over time as the organism progresses from its initial form to full size and maturity
Growth mental deficiency syndrome of Myhre: a rare hereditary autosomal dominant disorder characterized by intellectual disability and facial abnormalities that include microcephaly, midface hypoplasia, prognathism, and blepharophimosis. skeletal anomalies include short stature, square body shape, broad ribs, iliac hypoplasia, brachydactyly, flattened vertebrae, and thickened calvaria. other features, such as congenital heart disease, may also occur. all reported cases have been sporadic. mutations in the smad4 gene have been identified. omim: 139210
Growth retardation, Alopecia, Pseudoanodontia and Optic atrophy: a congenital syndrome characterized by slow or delayed growth, frontal bossing (unusually prominent forehead), micrognathism; failed tooth eruption, optic atrophy and severe hypotrichosis. it is caused by mutations in the anthrax toxin receptor 1 (antxr1) gene. omim: 230740
Grt1 protein, S pombe: zinc finger protein; high dosage expression suppresses a mutant of fission yeast slp1(+); mw 79 kda; has been sequenced
Grubben de Cock Borghgraef syndrome: severe growth retardation, developmental delay with hypotonia, hypotrophy of the distal extremities, dental anomalies, and eczematous skin
Gruzie: stát na rozhraní jihovýchodní evropy a jihozápadní asie ležící na východním okraji černého moře v regionu kavkazu. sousedy gruzie jsou na severu a severovýchodě rusko, na jihu turecko a arménie a na jihovýchodě ázerbájdžán. na oficiálním území gruzie leží dvě autonomní republiky adžárie a abcházie, které však gruzínská vláda nemá pod kontrolou (jsou obsazeny ruskem). hlavní a největší město je tbilisi. gruzínsky zní název země sakartvelo. gruzie má prastarou kulturu. gruzínci byli jedním z prvních národů, který přijal křesťanství - ve 4. století. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Gryllidae: the family gryllidae consists of the common house cricket, acheta domesticus, which is used in neurological and physiological studies. other genera include gryllotalpa (mole cricket); gryllus (field cricket); and oecanthus (tree cricket)
Gryllidae: čeleď hmyzu z řádu rovnokřídlých. mezi zástupce patří cvrček domácí (acheta domesticus), který se používá pro neurologický a fyziologický výzkum
Grónsko: grónsko je autonomní součást dánského království, ale země je řízena vlastní vládou a parlamentem. hlavním městem je nuuk. z velké části se rozprostírá na stejnojmenném ostrově ležícím na rozhraní atlantiku a severního ledového oceánu. nachází se severovýchodně od kanady a geograficky je součástí severní ameriky, ovšem historicky, politicky a ekonomicky se jedná o zemi velmi propojenou s evropou. grónsko je největší ostrov na světě, ale jen 15 % jeho území není trvale zaledněno. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Guadeloupe: guadeloupe je zámořský departement a zároveň zámořský region francie ležící v karibském moři přibližně 600 km severně od jižní ameriky a 600 km východně od dominikánské republiky. jedná se o větší dvojostrov a několik menších ostrovů v závětrných ostrovech malých antil. jako integrální část francie je guadeloupe součástí evropské unie s postavením tzv. "nejvzdálenějšího regionu". hlavním městem je basse-terre. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Guadeloupe: the name of two islands of the west indies, separated by a narrow channel. their capital is basse-terre. they were discovered by columbus in 1493, occupied by the french in 1635, held by the british at various times between 1759 and 1813, transferred to sweden in 1813, and restored to france in 1816. its status was changed from colony to a french overseas department in 1946. columbus named it in honor of the monastery of santa maria de guadalupe in spain. (from webster's new geographical dictionary, 1988, p470 & room, brewer's dictionary of names, 1992, p221)
Guaiac: resin from wood of certain species of guaiacum. it is used as clinical reagent for occult blood
Guaiacol: an agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (from martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747)
Guaiacum: a plant genus of the family zygophyllaceae. guaiac is obtained from g. officinale or g. sanctum. some species in this genus are called lignum vitae which is also a common name for other trees
Guaiacum: rod rostlin čeledi zygophyllaceae. druhy g. officinale a g. sanctum jsou zdrojem pryskyřice guajak
Guaifenesin: an expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. it is used in many cough preparations
Guam: an island in micronesia, east of the philippines, the largest and southernmost of the marianas. its capital is agana. it was discovered by magellan in 1521 and occupied by spain in 1565. they ceded it to the united states in 1898. it is an unincorporated territory of the united states, administered by the department of the interior since 1950. the derivation of the name guam is in dispute. (from webster's new geographical dictionary, 1988, p471)
Guam: nejjižnější ostrov souostroví mariany, ležícími v severozápadní části tichého oceánu. spadá mezi autonomní ostrovní území spojených států amerických a jedná se o jedno z pěti amerických teritorií se zavedenou civilní vládou. hlavní město ostrova je hagåtña a nejlidnatějším městem pak dededo. guamané jsou od narození americkými občany. jedná se o největší ostrov souostroví mariany i celé mikronésie. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Guanabenz: an alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent
Guanazole: a cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine
Guanethidine: an antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. it is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues
Guanfacine: a centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards adrenergic alpha-2 receptors
Guanidine: a strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological ph. it is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. it is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (from martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and merck index, 12th ed) it is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in hplc
Guanidines: a family of iminourea derivatives. the parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties
Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase: this enzyme catalyzes the last step of creatine biosynthesis by catalyzing the methylation of guanidinoacetate to creatine
Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency: a hereditary autosomal recessive error of creatine synthesis characterized by language development disorders, developmental disabilities; intellectual disability; seizures; ataxia; muscle spasticity, severe depletion of creatine/phosphocreatine in the brain, and accumulation of guanidinoacetic acid (gaa) in brain and body fluids. mutations in the gamt gene have been identified. omim: 612736
Guanine Deaminase: an enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of guanine to form xanthine. ec 3.5.4.3
Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors: protein factors that inhibit the dissociation of gdp from gtp-binding proteins
Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors: protein factors that promote the exchange of gtp for gdp bound to gtp-binding proteins
Guanine Nucleotide-Releasing Factor 2: a 145-kda guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is specific for rap1 and ras gtp-binding proteins. it associates with sh3 domains of the crk family of signaling proteins
Guanosine: a purine nucleoside that has guanine linked by its n9 nitrogen to the c1 carbon of ribose. it is a component of ribonucleic acid and its nucleotides play important roles in metabolism. (from dorland, 28th ed)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. a stable gtp analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic amp accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes
Guanosine Diphosphate: a guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety
Guanosine Diphosphate Fucose: a nucleoside diphosphate sugar formed from gdpmannose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls, and for blood group substances and other glycoproteins
Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose: a nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar gdpfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis
Guanosine Diphosphate Sugars: esters formed between the aldehydic carbon of sugars and the terminal phosphate of guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: a guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature
Guanosine Pentaphosphate: guanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. a guanine nucleotide containing five phosphate groups. three phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. this nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal rna when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis
Guanosine Tetraphosphate: guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. a guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. this nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal rna when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. synonym: magic spot i
Guanosine Triphosphate: guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). a guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety
Guanylate Cyclase: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of gtp to 3',5'-cyclic gmp and pyrophosphate. it also acts on itp and dgtp. (from enzyme nomenclature, 1992) ec 4.6.1.2
Guanylate Cyclase-Activating Proteins: neuronal calcium sensor proteins that regulate the activation of membrane-bound guanylate cyclase. they are primarily expressed in the retina where they play an important role in phototransduction
Guanylate Kinases: catalyzes the atp-dependent phosphorylation of gmp to generate gdp and adp
Guanylthiourea: may protect against hypoxic damage; proposed for treatment of shock due to trauma or blood loss; also stimulates paretic gastrointestinal system
Guanylyl Cyclase C Agonists: compunds that bind to and activate guanylyl cyclase-c receptors
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: a non-hydrolyzable analog of gtp, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. it binds tightly to g-protein in the presence of mg2+. the nucleotide is a potent stimulator of adenylyl cyclases
Guardian Seal: fluoride-releasing monomer (agent bf3), bis-gma, cq, silica
Guatemala: a country in central america bordering the north pacific ocean, between el salvador and mexico, and bordering the gulf of honduras (caribbean sea) between honduras and belize
Guatemala: stát ve střední americe. rozkládá se mezi pobřežím tichého oceánu a honduraským zálivem karibského moře (atlantský oceán). jeho sousedy jsou belize, salvador, honduras a mexiko
Guatteria: a plant genus of the family annonaceae. members contain asarone, isoguattouregidine (an isoquinoline alkaloid), norlaureline, puterine, noraporphine alkaloids
Guatteria: rod rostlin čeledi annonaceae. zástupci obsahují asaron, norlaurelin, puterin a také isochinolinové a noraporfinové alkaloidy
Gubernaculum: an embryonic structure that helps guide proper descent of gonads into their final positions. it attaches the caudal end of the fetal gonads to the developing scrotum in male and the labium majorum in female. it gives rise to the caudal ligaments of the gonad: the scrotal ligament in male and the uterine round and proper ovarian ligaments in female. it includes morphofunctional equivalent structures in non-mammals
Guernsey: guernsey je druhý největší z normanských ostrovů. leží v lamanšském průlivu mezi pobřežím francie a británie. hlavním městem je saint peter port. guernsey, spolu s několika dalšími menšími ostrovy, představuje britskou korunní dependenci, oficiálně zvanou bailiwick of guernsey, česky rychtářství guernsey. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Guernsey: the second largest of the channel islands in the english channel. it covers about 30 square miles and is where the guernsey breed of cattle originated. the name is scandinavian, grani's island (ey means island). (from webster's new geographical dictionary, 1988, p474 & room, brewer's dictionary of names, 1992, p222)
Guidebook: work consisting of publications for travelers that give information about a city, region, or country, or similar handbooks about buildings, museums, etc. (the ala glossary of library and information science, 1983)
Guided Tissue Regeneration: procedures for enhancing and directing tissue repair and renewal processes, such as bone regeneration; nerve regeneration; etc. they involve surgically implanting growth conducive tracks or conduits (tissue scaffolding) at the damaged site to stimulate and control the location of cell repopulation. the tracks or conduits are made from synthetic and/or natural materials and may include support cells and induction factors for cell growth processes; or cell migration
Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal: techniques for enhancing and directing cell growth to repopulate specific parts of the periodontium that have been damaged by periodontal diseases; tooth diseases; or trauma, or to correct tooth abnormalities. repopulation and repair is achieved by guiding the progenitor cells to reproduce in the desired location by blocking contact with surrounding tissue by use of membranes composed of synthetic or natural material that may include growth inducing factors as well
Guideline: work consisting of a set of statements, directions, or principles presenting current or future rules or policy. guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, organizations such as professional societies or governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. the text may be cursive or in outline form, but it is generally a comprehensive guide to problems and approaches in any discipline or activity. this concept relates to the general conduct and administration of health care activities rather than to specific decisions for a particular clinical condition. for that aspect, practice guideline is available
Guideline Adherence: conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognized, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards
Guidelines as Topic: works about a systematic statement of policy rules or principles. guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by convening expert panels. for guidelines in the field of health care and clinical medicine, practice guidelines as topic is available
Guidor: a bioresorbable matrix barrier composed of poly-d,l-lactide, poly-l-lactide & acetyltributyl citrate
Guillain-Barre Syndrome: an acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by t cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. the process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (from adams et al., principles of neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)
Guillainův-Barrého syndrom: zánětlivé onemocnění nervových kořenů, které se projevuje porušenou citlivostí a hybností končetin. kromě míšních kořenů mohou být postiženy i hlavové nervy, popř. i další části cns. podle postižení a průběhu se rozlišují různé formy (např. ascendentní, descendentní, pseudomyopatická s nápadnými svalovými atrofiemi aj.). vzniká sekundárně, předpokládá se, že patogeneticky se uplatňují autoimunitní procesy charakteru vaskulitidy v oblasti míšních kořenů. obv. následuje po chřipkovém onemocnění či jiné infekci (např. při lymeské borrelióze), které zřejmě chorobu iniciují. po několika týdnech dochází většinou k uzdravení, jen někdy choroba postupuje dále a postihuje i dýchací svaly (landryho vzestupná paralýza). terapie je zaměřena imunosupresivně (kortikoidy, imunosupresiva, plasmaferéza), podávají se rovněž vitaminy skupiny b, významná je rehabilitace. syn. polyradikuloneuritida. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ )
Guilt: subjective feeling of having committed an error, offense or sin; unpleasant feeling of self-criticism. these result from acts, impulses, or thoughts contrary to one's personal conscience
Guinea: a republic in western africa, south of senegal and mali, east of guinea-bissau. its capital is conakry
Guinea: republika ležící na západním pobřeží afriky při pobřeží atlantského oceánu. sousedí se státy pobřeží slonoviny, guinea-bissau, libérie, mali, senegal a sierra leone. hlavní město je conakry. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Guinea Pigs: a common name used for the genus cavia. the most common species is cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research
Guinea-Bissau: a republic in western africa, south of senegal and west of guinea. its capital is bissau
Guinea-Bissau: republika nacházející se na západním pobřeží afriky mezi guineou a senegalem. hlavní město je bissau
Gulf War: united nations' action to intervene in conflict between the nation of kuwait and occupying iraqi forces, occurring from 1990 through 1991
Gulf of Mexico: a body of water located at the southeastern corner of north america. it is bordered by the states to the north of florida, alabama, mississippi, louisiana, texas; by five mexican states to the west: tamaulipas, veracruz, tabasco, campeche, yucatan; and by cuba to the southeast
Gum Arabic: powdered exudate from various acacia species, especially a. senegal (leguminosae). it forms mucilage or syrup in water. gum arabic is used as a suspending agent, excipient, and emulsifier in foods and pharmaceuticals
Gutta-Percha: coagulated exudate isolated from several species of the tropical tree palaquium (sapotaceae). it is the trans-isomer of natural rubber and is used as a filling and impression material in dentistry and orthopedics and as an insulator in electronics. it has also been used as a rubber substitute
Guttate Psoriasis: a skin condition, typically emerges suddenly and frequently occurs after an infection such as streptococcal infection. while prevalent among children, it can also manifest in young adults. its defining feature is the eruption of small, red, scaly patches that typically appear on the arms, legs, and torso
Guttaviridae: family of archaeal viruses with a single genus: sulfolobus sndv-like viruses
Guttaviridae: čeleď archeálních virů s jediným rodem virů podobných viru sndv
Guyana: a republic in the north of south america, east of venezuela and west of suriname. its capital is georgetown
Guyana: stát v jižní americe. je jediným státem commonwealthu na jihoamerické pevnině. leží při pobřeží atlantského oceánu, severně od rovníku. jeho sousedními státy jsou brazílie, surinam a venezuela. hlavní město je georgetown. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Gymnastics: a system of exercise using the weight of the body and specific apparatus to promote strength and grace of carriage
Gymnema sylvestre: a plant species of the genus gymnema that contains gymnemic acid (triterpene saponins) which affects blood sugar level, and gurmarin protein. the common name of gurmar should not be confused with guar (cyamopsis)
Gymnema sylvestre: druh rostlin rodu gymnema. gymnema lesní je lékařsky významná rostlina, používaná v tradiční indické medicíně již po tisíce let, mj. při léčbě cukrovky. při žvýkání listů gymnemy se objevuje dočasná necitlivost vůči sladké chuti. hlavními obsahovými látkami gymnemy lesní jsou glykosidy, zejména kyselina gymnemová, gymnestrogenin, gymnemagenin a jeho o-iso-propyliden. kyselina gymnemová je směsí asi 9 blízce příbuzných kyselých glykosidů. z dalších látek je v listech obsažen např. peptid gurmarin, saponiny aj. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Gymnotiformes: an order of neotropical electric fish found chiefly in the waters of south america. they continually emit weak electric discharges, which they use in object location and communication. a most popular species of research interest is the electric eel, electrophorus electricus
Gymnotiformes: řád ryb žijících ve sladkých vodách střední a zejména jižní ameriky, jehož zástupci dokážou vysílat elektrické výboje. ryby je využívají k orientaci v prostředí, k vyhledávání potravy a možná i ke vzájemné komunikaci. výjimkou je největší zástupce řádu - paúhoř elektrický, který dokáže generovat výboje o napětí stovek voltů. zástupci mají ze stran zploštělé úhořovité tělo a jedinou dlouhou řitní ploutev, pomocí které se mohou pohybovat dopředu i dozadu. výjimkou je paúhoř elektrický, který má tělo válcovité. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Gynatresia: absence of a normal opening in the lumen of the female genital tract, from the fallopian tubes to the vagina. this anomaly may be congenital or acquired due to injuries, diseases, or tissue adhesions
Gynecological Examination: inspection and palpatation of female breasts, abdomen, and genitalia, as well as obtaining a gynecological history. (from dictionary of obstetrics and gynecology)
Gynecology: a medical-surgical specialty concerned with the physiology and disorders primarily of the female genital tract, as well as female endocrinology and reproductive physiology
Gynecomastia: enlargement of the breast in the males, caused by an excess of estrogens. physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in newborns; adolescent; and aging males
Gynostemma: a plant genus of the family cucurbitaceae. it is a source of gypenosides and triterpenoid saponins
Gynostemma: rod rostlin čeledi cucurbitaceae zahrnující druh gynostemma pentaphyllum. rostliny obsahují gypenosidy a triterpenoidní saponiny
Gyrate Atrophy: progressive, autosomal recessive, diffuse atrophy of the choroid, pigment epithelium, and sensory retina that begins in childhood
Gyrovirus: a genus in the family circoviridae comprising the single species chicken anemia virus
Gyrovirus: rod virů čeledi circoviridae, který obsahuje jediný druh - virus anemie kuřat
Gyrus Cinguli: one of the convolutions on the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres. it surrounds the rostral part of the brain and corpus callosum and forms part of the limbic system
H(+)-K(+)-ATPasa: enzym izolovaný ze žaludeční sliznice, který katalyzuje hydrolýzu atp spojenou s výměnou vodíkových a draselných iontů přes buněčnou stěnu. tento enzym byl dříve uváděn jako ec 3.6.1.36
H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase: an enzyme isolated from the gastric mucosa that catalyzes the hydrolysis of atp coupled with the exchange of hydrogen and potassium ions across the cell wall. this enzyme was formerly listed as ec 3.6.1.36
H-1 parvovirus: a species in the genus parvovirus that has the ability to replicate and kill tumor cells in culture
H-1 parvovirus: druh viru rodu parvovirus, který se může replikovat a usmrcovat kultivované nádorové buňky
H-Reflex: a monosynaptic reflex elicited by stimulating a nerve, particularly the tibial nerve, with an electric shock
H-Y Antigen: a sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the y chromosome in mammals. it causes syngeneic grafts from males to females to be rejected and interacts with somatic elements of the embryologic undifferentiated gonad to produce testicular organogenesis
H-protein systému glycinového štěpení: protein obsahující kyselinu lipoovou, který hraje klíčovou roli při přenosu methylaminových skupin a redukčních ekvivalentů mezi třemi enzymatickými složkami komplexu glycindekarboxylázy
H-reflex: reflex, který se skládá z kratší monosynaptické a delší oligosynaptické složky. je rutinně využíván v emg laboratořích. (kadaňka, zdeněk. h-reflex - jeho role v neurofyziologii a klinice. česká a slovenská neurologie a neurochirurgie. praha: ambit media, 2017, roč. 80, č. 6, s. 641-646. issn 1210-7859)
H1 protein, Glycine max: sbh - soybean homeobox-containing gene; expressed in somatic embryos of soybean; amino acid sequence given in first source; genbank l13663
HAD protocol: consists of homoharringtonine, ara-c, and daunorubicin for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
HAT protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of hypoxanthine, thymidine, and an antifolate such as aminopterin; hypoxanthine and thymidine protect non-mutating cells from antifolate agent (e.g. aminopterin); mutant cells unable to utilize hypoxanthine; used as antineoplastic agent and culture media supplement
HAT regimen: chemotherapy protocol consisting of honoharringtonine, cytarabine, & thioguanine; used in treatment of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia
HATP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia
HCOMLA protocol: chemotherapy protocol containing the above cpds; used in treatment of non-hodgkin lymphoma patients
HCT116 buňky: buněčná linie lidského kolorektálního karcinomu
HCV NS3-4A Protease Inhibitors: a direct acting antiviral compound that inhibits hcv ns3-4a protease. it is used to treat chronic hepatitis c
HCVAD protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds for treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
HD-CEP regimen: chemotherapy protocol consisting high-dose of the above cpds; used in treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer and lymphoma
HD-CNV protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above compounds; used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer
HDAC protocol: chemotherapy protocol for treatment of myeloid leukemia; hdac, sdac, and idac differ in the dosage of cytarabine
HDR Hydrogel: contains 10% vinylpyrrolidone, 1.5% agar, 1.5% polyethylene glycol , irradiated with gamma radiation of (60)co & neomycin
HEAVD protocol: chemotheraphy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
HEK293 Cells: a cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5
HEK293 buňky: buněčná linie kultivovaná z lidských embryonálních ledvinových buněk, které byly přeměněny lidským adenovirem typu 5. (epiteliální buňky z lidských ledvin) r
HELLP Syndrome: a syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low blood platelets count (thrombocytopenia). hellp syndrome is observed in pregnant people with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia who also exhibit liver damage and abnormalities in blood coagulation
HELLP syndrom: hellp syndrom je velmi vážná komplikace těhotenství s výraznou mortalitou a morbiditou (až 40 %). název vznikl z anglických slov hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets. je popisován buď jako samostatné onemocnění, nebo jako komplikace preeklampsie. jedná se o stav těžké preeklampsie komplikovaný hemolýzou, trombocytopenií, abnormálním nátěrem periferní krve a patologickými jaterními testy. (upraveno podle wikiskripta 2018 http://www.wikiskripta.eu/)
HELP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used for the treatment of non-metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity
HHH syndrome: a hereditary deficiency in ornithine metabolism characterized by failure to thrive, liver abnormalities (acute hepatitits and hepatomegaly), intellectual and psychomotor disability, seizures, and other neurologic abnormalities. it is caused by mutations in the slc25a15 gene. omim: 238970
HIFI Master Palette: composed of fluroalumosilicate glass and polyacrylic acid
HIV: human immunodeficiency virus. a non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically hiv-1 and/or hiv-2. prior to 1986, this was called human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (htlv-iii/lav). from 1986-1990, it was an official species called hiv. since 1991, hiv was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated hiv-1 and hiv-2
HIV: virus lidské imunodeficience. historické, netaxonomické označení dvou druhů - hiv-1 a/nebo hiv-2. před rokem 1986 se používal termín lidský t-lymfotropní virus typu iii/virus asociovaný s lymfadenopatií (htlv-iii/lav). v letech 1986-1990 byl hiv taxonomickou jednotkou. od roku 1991 se v klasifikaci rozeznávají dva druhy: hiv-1 a hiv-2
HIV - dlouhá koncová repetice: regulační sekvence důležité pro replikaci viru, které se nacházejí na obou koncích genomu hiv. ltr obsahuje zesilovač transkripce, promotor a další sekvence. specifické oblasti ltr obsahují negativní regulační element (nre), vazebná místa nf-kappa b a sp1, tata box a element tar. vazba buněčných i virových proteinů k těmto oblastem reguluje transkripci hiv
HIV Antigens: antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult t-cell immunodeficiency virus (hiv); also called htlv-iii-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (lav) antigens
HIV Core Protein p24: a major core protein of the human immunodeficiency virus encoded by the hiv gag gene. hiv-seropositive individuals mount a significant immune response to p24 and thus detection of antibodies to p24 is one basis for determining hiv infection by elisa and western blot assays. the protein is also being investigated as a potential hiv immunogen in vaccines
HIV Enhancer: cis-acting regulatory sequences in the hiv long terminal repeat (ltr) which play a major role in induction or augmentation of hiv gene expression in response to environmental stimuli such as mitogens, phorbol esters, or other viruses. the hiv enhancer is the binding site for many cellular transcription factors including the nuclear factor nf-kappa b
HIV Enteropathy: a syndrome characterized by chronic, well-established diarrhea (greater than one month in duration) without an identified infectious cause after thorough evaluation, in an hiv-positive individual. it is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of hiv on the enteric mucosa. hiv enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion and can be made only after other forms of diarrheal illness have been ruled out. (harrison's principles of internal medicine, 13th ed, pp1607-8; haubrich et al., bockus gastroenterology, 5th ed, p1155)
HIV Envelope Protein gp120: external envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the hiv env gene. it has a molecular weight of 120 kda and contains numerous glycosylation sites. gp120 binds to cells expressing cd4 cell-surface antigens, most notably t4-lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. gp120 has been shown to interfere with the normal function of cd4 and is at least partly responsible for the cytopathic effect of hiv
HIV Envelope Protein gp160: an envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus that is encoded by the hiv env gene. it has a molecular weight of 160,000 kda and contains numerous glycosylation sites. it serves as a precursor for both the hiv envelope protein gp120 and the hiv envelope protein gp41
HIV Envelope Protein gp41: transmembrane envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the hiv env gene. it has a molecular weight of 41,000 and is glycosylated. the n-terminal part of gp41 is thought to be involved in cell fusion with the cd4 antigens of t4 lymphocytes, leading to syncytial formation. gp41 is one of the most common hiv antigens detected by immunoblotting
HIV Fusion Inhibitors: inhibitors of the fusion of hiv to host cells, preventing viral entry. this includes compounds that block attachment of hiv envelope protein gp120 to cd4 receptors
HIV Infections: includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru aids-related complex (arc), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)
HIV Integrase: enzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus that is required to integrate viral dna into cellular dna in the nucleus of a host cell. hiv integrase is a dna nucleotidyltransferase encoded by the pol gene
HIV Integrase Inhibitors: inhibitors of hiv integrase, an enzyme required for integration of viral dna into cellular dna
HIV Long Terminal Repeat: regulatory sequences important for viral replication that are located on each end of the hiv genome. the ltr includes the hiv enhancer, promoter, and other sequences. specific regions in the ltr include the negative regulatory element (nre), nf-kappa b binding sites , sp1 binding sites, tata box, and trans-acting responsive element (tar). the binding of both cellular and viral proteins to these regions regulates hiv transcription
HIV Long-Term Survivors: persons who have experienced prolonged survival of hiv infection. this includes the full spectrum of untreated, hiv-infected long-term asymptomatics to those with aids who have survived due to successful treatment
HIV Non-Progressors: hiv-positive individuals with low viral load of hiv who never develop aids even without antiviral treatment
HIV Protease: enzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus that is required for post-translational cleavage of gag and gag-pol precursor polyproteins into functional products needed for viral assembly. hiv protease is an aspartic protease encoded by the amino terminus of the pol gene
HIV Protease Inhibitors: inhibitors of hiv protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly