NLK-NML/MeSH-CZ-2025-notes huggingface dataset:
"flap" endonukleasy: endonukleázy, které odstraňují sekvence 5' dna ze struktury zvané dna flap. tato struktura se vyskytuje ve dvouřetězcové dna obsahující jednořetězcový zlom, kde je 5' část vlákna příliš dlouhá a překrývá 3' konec vlákna. flap endonukleázy štěpí řetězec směrem k 3'konci přesně za prvním spárovaným nukleotidem, čímž vzniká ligovatelný zlom
((G4)-PGLSA-OH)2-PEG3400 dendrimer: pglsa - poly(glycerol-succinic acid); a fourth generation dendrimer
(1,4-bis(3-pyridyl)-2,3-diazo-1,3-butadiene)dichlorozinc(II) polymer: can adopt at least two different conformations
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: a drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. it is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes
(4-(m-chlorfenylkarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylamoniumchlorid: léčivo, které selektivně aktivuje určité podtřídy muskarinových receptorů a také aktivuje postganglionické nikotinové receptory. běžně se experimentálně používá k rozlišení subtypů muskarinových receptorů
(4-hydroxy-3-nitro)benzylated polystyrene: nitrophenol deriv for peptide synthesis
(NP(PEG750)(GlyPheLeu)2Et)3: a cyclotriphosphazene
(gamma-CyD)2 C60: a water-soluble cyclodextrin-complexed fullerene with several clinical applications including use as a drug carrier or a photosensitizer to treat tumors in photodynamic therapy
1,13-bis(8-quinolyl)-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecane: an ionophore used to detect cadmium(ii) ions
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: a colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (from merck index, 11th ed)
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: a dna alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. it is also a major constituent of pulmonary surfactants
1,2-di-O-octadecylglyceryl-3-(omega-methoxydodecaethylene glycol): a surfactant
1,2-dihydroxybenzen-3,5-disulfonan sodný: kolorimetrické činidlo pro železo, mangan, titan, molybden a komplexy zirkonu
1,2-dimethylhydrazin: alkylační činidlo dna, u kterého se ukázalo, že je silným karcinogenem a je hodně používáno k indukci nádorů tlustého střeva u experimentálních zvířat
1,2-dioleoylglycerol-3-dodecaethylene glycol: a surfactant
1,2-dipalmitoylfosfatidylcholin: syntetický fosfolipid používaný v liposomech a lipidových dvojvrstvách ke studiu biologických membrán. je také hlavní součástí plicních surfaktantů
1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol 2000): nanomicelle component for possible use in aggregating amyloid beta-protein
1,2-distearoylglycerol-3-dodecaethylene glycol: a surfactant
1,2-isopropylidene glyceryl 2-cyanoacrylate: biodegradable tissue adhesive
1,3-bis((p-acryloxymethyl)phenethyl)tetramethyldisiloxane: organosilicon dental composite restorative
1,3-dichlorotetraisopropyldisiloxane: silyl reagent which allows for simultaneous protection of 3'- & 5'-hydroxy functions of ribonucleosides
1,3-dimethyl-1,3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-(3-butyl-(1-piperazinyl)propyl)-1,3-disiloxane: a multidrug-resistance reverting agent
1,3-dimethyl-1,3-p-fluorophenyl-1,3-(3-morpholinopropyl)-1,3-disiloxane: a multidrug-resistance reverting agent
1,3-dimethylthymine cyclobutane dimer: ; rn given is for c,s-td isomer
1,4-alpha-Glucan Branching Enzyme: in glycogen or amylopectin synthesis, the enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a segment of a 1,4-alpha-glucan chain to a primary hydroxy group in a similar glucan chain. ec 2.4.1.18
1,4-dimethylamylamine: 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-dmaa) analog
1,N6-alpha-hydroxypropanoadenine: an adduct between acrolein and adenine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: a specific protein kinase c inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (pmn) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol
1-(5-isochinolinsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazin: specifický inhibitor proteinkinázy c, který inhibuje uvolňování superoxidu z lidských neutrofilů (neutrofilní granulocyty) stimulovaných acetátem forbolmyristátu nebo syntetickým diacylglycerolem
1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase: an enzyme that catalyzes the acyl group transfer of acyl coa to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to generate 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. this enzyme has alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon subunits
1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase: an enzyme localized predominantly within the plasma membrane of lymphocytes. it catalyzes the transfer of long-chain fatty acids, preferentially unsaturated fatty acids, to lysophosphatides with the formation of 1,2-diacylglycero-3-phosphocholine and coa. ec 2.3.1.23
1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase: a lipoprotein-associated phospholipase a2 which modulates the action of platelet activating factor by hydrolyzing the sn-2 ester bond to yield the biologically inactive lyso-platelet-activating factor. it has specificity for phospholipid substrates with short-chain residues at the sn-2 position, but inactive against long-chain phospholipids. deficiency in this enzyme is associated with many diseases including asthma, and hypercholesterolemia
1-Butanol: a four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1
1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications
1-Deoxynojirimycin: an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-hiv activity
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: a potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic amp and cyclic gmp in tissue and thereby activates cyclic nucleotide-regulated protein kinases
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: a dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in parkinson disease
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: an active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. the compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. these and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, atp depletion, and cell death. the compound, which is related to paraquat, has also been used as an herbicide
1-Naphthylamine: a suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by osha). its n-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: a tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. it may cause skin and kidney damage
1-Octanol: a colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. it is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (from mcgraw-hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms, 5th ed)
1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylinositol (phosphatidylinositols) to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
1-Propanol: a colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate
1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase: an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to l-glutamate in the presence of nad. defects in the enzyme are the cause of hyperprolinemia ii
1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II: an angiotensin ii analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of angiotensin type 1 receptor
1-UFT protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above two cpds in molar ratio of 1 for ft & 4 for uracil; do not confuse with the drug combination uft (=uftr drug)
1-acylglycerofosfocholin-O-acyltransferasa: enzym lokalizovaný převážně v plazmatické membráně lymfocytů. katalyzuje přenos mastných kyselin s dlouhým řetězcem, přednostně nenasycených mastných kyselin, na lysofosfatidy za vzniku 1,2-diacylglycero-3-fosfocholinu a coa. ec 2.3.1.23
1-acylglycerol-3-fosfát-O-acyltransferasa: enzym, který katalyzuje přenos acylové skupiny z acylkoenzymu a na 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-fosfát za vzniku 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-fosfátu. tento enzym má alfa, beta, gama, delta a epsilon podjednotky
1-alfa-hydroxylasa 25-hydroxyvitaminu D3: mitochondriální cytochrom p450, který katalyzuje 1-alfa-hydroxylaci 25-hydroxyvitaminu d3 (známého také jako 25-hydroxycholekalciferol) za přítomnosti molekulárního kyslíku a nadph-cytochrom c-reduktázy. tento enzym je kódovaný genem cyp27b1. přeměňuje 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 na 1-alfa,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3, který je aktivní formou vitaminu d pro regulaci růstu kostí a metabolismu vápníku. tento enzym také působí na rostlinný 25-hydroxyvitamin d2 (ergokalciferol)
1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerofosfocholinesterasa: fosfolipáza a2 spojená s lipoproteiny, která moduluje činnost faktoru aktivujícího trombocyty hydrolyzací esterové vazby sn-2, čímž se získá biologicky neaktivní faktor aktivující lysoformu trombocytů. má specificitu pro fosfolipidové substráty se zbytky krátkého řetězce v poloze sn-2, ale neúčinné proti fosfolipidům s dlouhým řetězcem. nedostatek tohoto enzymu je spojen s mnoha chorobami včetně bronchiálího astmatu a hypercholesterolemie
1-deoxynojirimycin: inhibitor alfa-glukosidázy s antivirovým účinkem. deriváty deoxynojirimycinu mohou působit proti hiv
1-fosfatidylinositol-3-kinasa: fosfatidylinositol-3-kináza, která katalyzuje přeměnu 1-fosfatidylinositolu na 1-fosfatidylinositol-3-fosfát
1-fosfatidylinositol-4-kinasa: enzym, který katalyzuje přeměnu fosfatidylinositolu na fosfatidylinositol 4-fosfát, první krok v biosyntéze fosfatidylinositol-4,5-bisfosfátu
1-hydrofullereneaminocaproic acid, sodium salt: fullerene-aminocaproic acid complex with in vitro and in vivo antiherpetic activity
1-methoxyphaseollidin: a lysopaf acetyltransferase inhibitor isolated from licorice root
1-methoxyphaseollin: a lysopaf acetyltransferase inhibitor isolated from licorice root
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthin: silný inhibitor cyklické nukleotidové fosfodiesterázy; díky tomuto působení sloučenina zvyšuje cyklický amp (adenosinmonofosfát) a cyklický gmp (guanosinmonofosfát) v tkáni, a tím aktivuje cyklickými nukleotidy regulované proteinkinasy
1-methyl-4-fenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin: dopaminergní neurotoxická sloučenina vytvářející nevratné klinické, chemické a patologické změny, které napodobují podobné příznaky vyskytující se u parkinsonovy choroby
1-methyl-4-fenylpyridinium: aktivní neurotoxický metabolit 1-methyl-4-fenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinu. sloučenina snižuje hladinu dopaminu, inhibuje biosyntézu katecholaminů, vyčerpává srdeční norepinefrin a inaktivuje tyrosinhydroxylázu. tyto a další toxické účinky vedou k ukončení oxidační fosforylace, vyčerpání atp a buněčné smrti. sloučenina příbuzná s paraquatem, se také používá jako herbicid
1-naftylamin: sloučenina používaná při výrobě organických barviv, u níž bylo prokázáno riziko kancerogenity (karcinom žlučníku, močového měchýře). (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2021 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/)
1-naftylisothiokyanát: nástroj pro výzkum poškození jater, které způsobuje městnání žluči a hyperbilirubinemii akutně a chronicky hyperplazii žlučovodů a biliární cirhózu se změnami funkce hepatocytů. to může to způsobit poškození kůže a ledvin
1-oktanol: bezbarvá, lehce viskózní kapalina používaná jako odpěňovací nebo smáčecí činidlo. používá se také jako rozpouštědlo pro ochranné povlaky, vosky a oleje a jako surovina pro změkčovadla
1-propanol: bezbarvá kapalina vyrobená oxidací alifatických uhlovodíků, která se používá jako rozpouštědlo a chemický meziprodukt (intermediát)
1-pyrrolin-5-karboxylátdehydrogenasa: enzym, který katalyzuje oxidaci 1-pyrrolin-5-karboxylátu na l-glutamát v přítomnosti (koenzymu) nad. poruchy enzymu jsou příčinou hyperprolinémie ii
1-sarkosin-8-isoleucin angiotensin II: analog angiotensinu ii, který působí jako vysoce specifický inhibitor angiotensinového receptoru typu 1
1. světová válka: globální konflikt probíhající především na evropském kontinentu, ke kterému došlo v letech 1914 až 1918
1000PEGT70PBT30: bone growth observed in this biomimetic apatite coated porous biodegradable polyactive 1000pegt70pbt30 implants
11-Hydroxycorticosteroids: a group of corticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 11-position
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1: a low-affinity 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase found in a variety of tissues, most notably in liver; lung; adipose tissue; vascular tissue; ovary; and the central nervous system. the enzyme acts reversibly and can use either nad or nadp as cofactors
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2: an high-affinity, nad-dependent 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that acts unidirectionally to catalyze the dehydrogenation of cortisol to cortisone. it is found predominantly in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the kidney; colon; sweat glands; and the placenta. absence of the enzyme leads to a fatal form of childhood hypertension termed, apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases that catalyzes the reversible conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. enzymes in this class can utilize either nad or nadp as cofactors
11-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasa typ 1: nízkoafinitní 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenáza nalezená v různých tkáních, zejména v játrech, plicích, tukové tkáni, vaskulární tkáni, vaječnících a centrálním nervovém systému. enzym působí reverzibilně a jako kofaktory může používat buď nad nebo nadp
11-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasa typ 2: vysoce afinitní, 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenáza závislá na nad, která působí jednosměrně a katalyzuje dehydrogenaci kortizolu na kortizon. nachází se převážně v cílových tkáních mineralokortikoidů, jako jsou ledviny, tračník, potní žlázy a placenta. absence enzymu vede k fatální formě dětské hypertenze, nazývané syndrom zdánlivého nadbytku mineralokortikoidů
11-beta-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasy: hydroxysteroidové dehydrogenázy, které katalyzují reverzibilní přeměnu kortisolu na neaktivní metabolit kortison. enzymy této třídy mohou využívat jako kofaktory buď nad nebo nadp
11-deoxykortisol: 17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3,20-dion. 17-hydroxykortikosteroid s glukokortikoidními a protizánětlivými účinky
11-hydroxykortikosteroidy: skupina kortikosteroidů nesoucích hydroxyskupinu v poloze 11
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: a lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. it is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. the 12-s-hete analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase c. (j pharmacol exp ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; j natl cancer inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)
12E7 Antigen: a cell adhesion molecule that, in humans, is encoded by a gene on the pseudoautosomal region of sex chromosomes. it functions in cell adhesion of t-lymphocytes and rosette formation by erythrocytes. it is also involved in the migration of leukocytes through the endothelium basement membrane. the 12e7 antigen co-localizes with, but functions independently of pecam-1
13q deletion syndrome: condition caused by loss of the q arm of chromosome 13, resulting in retinoblastoma, varying degrees of intellectual disability, and characteristic facies defined by a high forehead, prominent lips, and anteverted earlobes. omim: 613884
14-3-3 Proteins: a large family of signal-transducing adaptor proteins present in wide variety of eukaryotes. they are phosphoserine and phosphothreonine binding proteins involved in important cellular processes including signal transduction; cell cycle control; apoptosis; and cellular stress responses. 14-3-3 proteins function by interacting with other signal-transducing proteins and effecting changes in their enzymatic activity and subcellular localization. the name 14-3-3 derives from numerical designations used in the original fractionation patterns of the proteins
14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors: compounds that specifically inhibit sterol 14-demethylase. a variety of azole-derived antifungal agents act through this mechanism
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: a stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of vasopressin and activation of type c phospholipases. (from j pharmacol exp ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; biochem j 1984;222(1):103-110)
15-Oxoprostaglandin 13-Reductase: (5z)-(15s)-11 alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprostanoate:nad(p)+ delta(13)-oxidoreductase. an enzyme active in prostaglandin e and f catabolism. it catalyzes the reduction of the double bond at the 13-14 position of the 15-ketoprostaglandins and uses nadph as cofactor. ec 1.3.1.48
16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: a synthetic prostaglandin e analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. the protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. it is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors
16,16-dimethyl-PGE2: syntetický analog prostaglandinu e, který chrání žaludeční sliznici, zabraňuje ulceraci a podporuje hojení peptických vředů. ochranný účinek je nezávislý na inhibici kyseliny. je také silným inhibitorem pankreatické funkce a růstu experimentálních nádorů
16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome: microdeletions of approximately 550-600 kilobases in the region of chromosome 16p11.2. deletions may occur in about 1% of patients with autism spectrum disorder, and are also associated with early-onset obesity, intellectual disability, and congenital abnormalities. omim: 611913
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a progestin and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent miscarriage and of premature birth. it is also used in combination with estrogen in the management of menstruation disorders
17-Hydroxycorticosteroids: a group of hydroxycorticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 17-position. urinary excretion of these compounds is used as an index of adrenal function. they are used systemically in the free alcohol form, but with esterification of the hydroxy groups, topical effectiveness is increased
17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: a class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of 17-hydroxysteroids to 17-ketosteroids. ec 1.1.-
17-alfa-hydroxypregnenolon: 21-uhlíkatý steroid, který vzniká z pregnenolonu pomocí enzymu steroid-17-alfa-hydroxylázy. je meziproduktem v delta-5 dráze biosyntézy pohlavních steroidních hormonů a hormonů kůry nadledvin
17-alfa-hydroxyprogesteron: metabolit progesteronu s hydroxylovou skupinou v 17-alfa poloze. slouží jako meziprodukt v biosyntéze hydrokortisonu a pohlavních steroidních hormonů
17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone: a 21-carbon steroid that is converted from pregnenolone by steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase. it is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and the adrenal corticosteroids
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: a metabolite of progesterone with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. it serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydrocortisone and gonadal steroid hormones
17-hydroxykortikosteroidy: skupina hydroxykortikosteroidů nesoucích hydroxyskupinu v poloze 17. množství těchto sloučenin v moči se užívá jako index funkce nadledvin. používají se systematicky ve formě volného alkoholu, ale s esterifikací hydroxylových skupin se zvyšuje místní účinnost.
17-hydroxysteroidní dehydrogenasy: třída enzymů, které katalyzují oxidaci 17-hydroxysteroidů na 17-ketosteroidy
17-ketosteroidy: steroidy, které mají ketonovou skupinu (s kyslíkem) na 17. uhlíku. normálně jsou vylučovány močí, nadbytek 17-ketosteroidů v moči svědčí pro zvýšenou činnost nadledvin a pohlavních hormonů
17-octadecene-9,11,13-triynoic acid: from mitrephora celebica
18-Hydroxycorticosterone: 11 beta,18,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
18-Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone: an analog of desoxycorticosterone which is substituted by a hydroxyl group at the c-18 position
18-hydroxydeoxykortikosteron: analog desoxykortikosteronu, který je v poloze c-18 substituovaný hydroxylovou skupinou
18-hydroxykortikosteron: prekurzor aldosteronu. 11 beta,18,21-trihydroxypregn-4-en-3,20-dion
19-Iodocholesterol: 19-iodocholest-5-en-3 beta-ol. a cholesterol derivative usually substituted with radioactive iodine in the 19 position. the compound is an adrenal cortex scanning agent used in the assessment of patients suspected of having cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma and adrenal remnants following total adrenalectomy
1D4.1-325 DVD-Ig protein: an engineered dvd-ig protein using a human anti-il-12 (p40) mab 1d4.1, and a human anti-il-18 mab abt-325, both of which are igg1s with light chains
2 nitroxyethyl ether LN-((2-(nitroxy)ethyl)fullerenyl)proline: a water-soluble nitroderivative of fullerene c60
2',3'-(1',4'-diethyl-L-tartryl)-poly-(2,3-O-isopropylidene)L-tartrate: used as implant
2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase: a phosphodiesterase that specifically cleaves the 3'-phosphate linkage of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides. it is found at high level in the cytoplasm of cells that form the myelin sheath
2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases: nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic phosphate nucleotidohydrolase. enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the 2'- or 3'- phosphate bonds of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides. also hydrolyzes nucleoside monophosphates. includes ec 3.1.4.16 and ec 3.1.4.37. ec 3.1.4.-
2',3'-cyklická nukleotid 3'-fosfodiesteráza: fosfodiesteráza, která specificky štěpí 3'-fosfátovou vazbu 2',3'-cyklických nukleotidů. nachází se ve vysokém množství v cytoplazmě buněk, které tvoří myelinovou pochvu
2',3'-cyklické nukleotidfosfodiesterasy: nukleosid-2',3'-cyklická fosforečnanová nukleotidhydroláza. enzymy, které katalyzují hydrolýzu 2'- nebo 3'-fosfátových vazeb 2',3'-cyklických nukleotidů. také hydrolyzuje nukleosidmonofosfáty. zahrnuje ec 3.1.4.16 a ec 3.1.4.37. ec 3.1.4.-
2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of atp into a series of (2'-5') linked oligoadenylates and pyrophosphate in the presence of double-stranded rna. these oligonucleotides activate an endoribonuclease (rnase l) which cleaves single-stranded rna. interferons can act as inducers of these reactions
2',5'-oligoadenylátsynthetasa: enzym, který katalyzuje přeměnu atp na řadu (2'-5') vázaných oligoadenylátů a pyrofosfátu v přítomnosti dvouřetězcové rna. tyto oligonukleotidy aktivují endoribonukleázu (rnáza l), která štěpí jednovláknovou rna. interferony mohou působit jako induktory těchto reakcí
2'-O-(1,3-benzodithiol-2-yl)-3',5'-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxan-1,3-diyl)uridine: used for the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides
2,2'-bis(2-oxazoline) linked poly(lactic acid): a poly(lactic acid) based polymer
2,2,2-trifluoroethane sulfonyl-monomethoxypolyethylene glycol: used to purify dna-protein complexes
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: a selective d1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-fenyl-1H-3-benzazepin: selektivní agonista dopaminového receptoru d1 používaný především při výzkumu
2,3-4,5-bis-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)inositol: used in making cyclitols
2,3-Diketogulonic Acid: metabolite of ascorbic acid and the oxidized form of the lactone dehydroascorbic acid
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: a highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. it binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. this is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. it is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (ec 5.4.2.1). (from stryer biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; enzyme nomenclature, 1992, p508)
2,3-difosfoglycerát: 2,3-bisfosfoglycerát, látka, která se vyskytuje v erytrocytech a je vázána silněji na deoxyhemoglobin, stabilizuje jeho konformaci a snižuje jeho afinitu ke kyslíku; působí posun disociační křivky hemoglobinu doprava (zvyšuje uvolňování kyslíku). jde o ester fosfoglycerové kyseliny , je produktem glykolýzy. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2019 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/)
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: an herbicide with strong irritant properties. use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the epa in 1985. (from merck index, 11th ed)
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: an herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system
2,4-Dinitrophenol: a toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. it is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (stedman, 26th ed)
2,4-dinitrofenol: toxické barvivo, chemicky příbuzné 2,4,6-trinitrofenolu (kyselina pikrová), používané v biochemických studiích oxidačních procesů, kde rozpojuje oxidativní fosforylaci. používá se také jako metabolický stimulant
2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamfetamin: psychedelický derivát fenylisopropylaminu, běžně nazývaný dom, jehož účinky ovlivňující náladu a mechanismus působení může být podobný lsd. je to meskalinu příbuzná látka. dom byl vyráběn jako preparát k léčení duševních chorob. od roku 1967 se však šířil v drogové subkultuře spojených států jako stp (s = serenity /veselost/, t = tranquillity /ticho/, p = peace /mír/)
2,6-Dichloroindophenol: a dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin c
2,6-dichlorindofenol: barvivo užívané jako činidlo při stanovení vitaminu c
2,6-diphenylhexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane: an organosilicon anti-androgenic compound with estrogenic activities; rn given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
2-6F resin: contains 70% wt vinylidene fluoride/hexafluoropropylene copolymer (2-6f) & 30% wt methylmethacrylate (mma)
2-Acetolactate Mutase: an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine. it converts 2-acetolactate into 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-isovalerate. also acts on 2-hydroxy-2-acetobutyrate to form 2-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-methylvalerate. ec 5.4.99.3
2-Acetylaminofluorene: a hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves n-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. it is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: the d-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of nmda glutamate receptors (receptors, n-methyl-d-aspartate). the l form is inactive at nmda receptors but may affect the ap4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; apb) excitatory amino acid receptors
2-Aminoadipate Transaminase: a pyridoxal phosphate containing enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of amino group of l-2-aminoadipate onto 2-oxoglutarate to generate 2-oxoadipate and l-glutamate
2-Aminoadipic Acid: a metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. it antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, n-methyl-d-aspartate; (nmda)
2-Aminopurine: a purine that is an isomer of adenine (6-aminopurine)
2-CAP protein, synthetic: ; a synthetic two-chain derivative of hgh which lacks amino acids 1-8 & 135-145
2-Chloroadenosine: 2-chloroadenosine. a metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. the compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system
2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl Bromide: a chemical reagent that reacts with and modifies chemically the tryptophan portion of protein molecules. used for 'active site' enzyme studies and other protein studies. sometimes referred to as koshland's reagent
2-Hydroxyglutaricaciduria: hereditary neurometabolic disorders characterized by developmental delay; epilepsy; hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. severe cases of d2hga are homogeneous and are characterized by early infantile-onset epileptic encephalopathy and, cardiomyopathy. the mild phenotype has a more variable clinical presentation. in l2hga, patients may also present with ataxia; megalencephaly, and speech difficulties and the condition deteriorates over time. mutations in the d2hgdh gene have been identified for d2hga (omim: 600721) and the l2hgdh gene for l2hga (omim: 236792)
2-Hydroxyphenethylamine: simple amine found in the brain. it may be modulator of sympathetic functions. its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. it is also used in chemical industry
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin: derivative of beta-cyclodextrin that is used as an excipient for steroid drugs and as a lipid chelator
2-Isopropylmalate Synthase: an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway to leucine, forming isopropyl malate from acetyl-coa and alpha-ketoisovaleric acid. this enzyme was formerly listed as ec 4.1.3.12
2-Methoxyestradiol: a metabolite of estradiol that lacks estrogenic activity and inhibits tubulin polymerization. it has antineoplastic properties, including inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: a powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer
2-Methylbutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: mutation in acadsb
2-Oxoisovalerate Dehydrogenase (Acylating): an nad+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate to 2-methylpropanoyl-coa. it plays a role in the degradation of valine; leucine; and isoleucine
2-Propanol: an isomer of 1-propanol. it is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. it is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. topically, it is used as an antiseptic
2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles: compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. several of the compounds in this class are anti-ulcer agents that act by inhibiting the potassium hydrogen atpase found in the proton pump of gastric parietal cells
2-acetolaktát mutasa: enzym podílející se na biosyntéze isoleucinu a valinu. přeměňuje 2-acetolaktát na 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-isovalerát. působí také na 2-hydroxy-2-acetobutyrát za vzniku 2-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-methylvalerátu. ec 5.4.99.3
2-acetylaminofluoren: jaterní karcinogen, jehož mechanismus aktivace zahrnuje n-hydroxylaci na arylhydroxamovou kyselinu s následnou enzymatickou sulfonací na sulfoxyfluorenylacetamid. používá se ke studiu karcinogenity a mutagenity aromatických aminů
2-aminoadipáttransaminasa: enzym obsahující pyridoxalfosfát, který katalyzuje přenos aminoskupiny l-2-aminoadipátu na 2-oxoglutarát za vzniku 2-oxoadipátu a l-glutamátu
2-aminofluorene-DNA complex: dna modified with 2-aminofluorene
2-aminopurin: purin, který je izomerem adeninu (6-aminopurinu)
2-chloradenosin: 2-chloradenosin. metabolicky stabilní analog adenosinu, který působí jako agonista adenosinového receptoru. sloučenina má silný účinek na periferní a centrální nervový systém
2-cyano-3-(ethylthio-3-methylthio)-2-propenoic acid methyl ester: combines gastric antisecretory activity & antiulcer/cytoprotective effects
2-cyano-N-(1,4-diphenylbutyl)-3-(3-bromopyridin-2-yl)acrylamide: a jak2 kinase inhibitor
2-cyano-N-(1-phenylethyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)acrylamide: a jak2 kinase inhibitor
2-fluoro-1-methylpyridinium fractogel: used for analysis of lactose
2-furaldehyd: furfural je organická sloučenina získávaná z mnoha zemědělských odpadních produktů jako jsou piliny, kukuřičné klasy a ovesné či pšeničné otruby. je to aldehyd odvozený od furanu. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
2-hydroxyfenethylamin: jednoduchý amin vyskytující se v mozku. může modulovat funkce sympatiku. jeho deriváty jsou adrenergní agonisté a antagonisté. také se používá v chemickém průmyslu
2-isopropylmalátsynthasa: enzym, který katalyzuje první krok v biosyntetické dráze k leucinu a tvoří izopropylmalát z acetylkoenzymu a a kyseliny alfa-ketoisovalerové. tento enzym byl dříve veden jako ec 4.1.3.12
2-methoxyestradiol: metabolit estradiolu, který nemá estrogenní aktivitu a inhibuje polymeraci tubulinu. má antitumorózní vlastnosti, včetně inhibice angiogeneze a indukce apoptózy
2-naftylamin: naftalenový derivát s karcinogenními účinky
2-oxoisovalerátdehydrogenasa (acylační): enzym závislý na nad+, který katalyzuje oxidaci 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoátu na 2-methylpropanoyl-coa. hraje roli při degradaci valinu, leucinu a isoleucinu
2-propanol: izomer 1-propanolu. je to bezbarvá kapalina, která má dezinfekční vlastnosti. používá se při výrobě acetonu a jeho derivátů a jako rozpouštědlo. lokálně se používá jako antiseptikum
2. světová válka: globální konflikt zahrnující země evropy, afriky, asie a severní ameriky, ke kterému došlo v letech 1939 až 1945
20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: a group of enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction-oxidation reaction of 20-hydroxysteroids, such as from a 20-ketosteroid to a 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid (ec 1.1.1.149) or to a 20-beta-hydroxysteroid (ec 1.1.1.53)
20-alfa-dihydroprogesteron: biologicky aktivní 20-alfa-redukovaný metabolit progesteronu. je přeměněn z progesteronu na 20-alfa-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-on pomocí 20-alfa-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenázy v corpus luteum a placentě
20-alfa-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasa: enzymy, které katalyzují reverzibilní redukčně-oxidační reakci 20-alfa-hydroxysteroidů, například z progesteronu na 20-alfa-dihydroprogesteron
20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: a biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of progesterone. it is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the corpus luteum and the placenta
20-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: an enzymes that catalyzes the reversible reduction-oxidation reaction of 20-alpha-hydroxysteroids, such as from progesterone to 20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone
20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenasy: skupina enzymů, které katalyzují reverzibilní redukčně-oxidační reakci 20-hydroxysteroidů, například z 20-ketosteroidu na 20-alfa-hydroxysteroid (ec 1.1.1.149) nebo na 20-beta-hydroxysteroid (ec 1.1.1.53)
2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273: mrna vaccine against sars-cov-2, developed by moderna
22q11 Deletion Syndrome: condition with a variable constellation of phenotypes due to deletion polymorphisms at chromosome location 22q11. it encompasses several syndromes with overlapping abnormalities including the digeorge syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, and conotruncal amomaly face syndrome. in addition, variable developmental problems and schizoid features are also associated with this syndrome. (from bmc med genet. 2009 feb 25;10:16) not all deletions at 22q11 result in the 22q11deletion syndrome
24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: a physiologically active metabolite of vitamin d. the compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhancing the calcemic effect of calcitriol
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: fyziologicky aktivní metabolit vitaminu d. sloučenina se podílí na regulaci metabolismu vápníku, aktivitě alkalické fosfatázy a zvýšení kalcemického účinku kalcitriolu
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. biologically active metabolite of vitamin d2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. the compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin d2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin d3
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase: a mitochondrial cytochrome p450 enzyme that catalyzes the 1-alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 (also known as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol) in the presence of molecular oxygen and nadph-ferrihemoprotein reductase. this enzyme, encoded by cyp27b1 gene, converts 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 to 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 which is the active form of vitamin d in regulating bone growth and calcium metabolism. this enzyme is also active on plant 25-hydroxyvitamin d2 (ergocalciferol)
25-hydroxyvitamin D 2: biologicky aktivní metabolit vitaminu d2, který je aktivnější při léčbě křivice než jeho mateřská látka. předpokládá se, že sloučenina se váže na stejný receptor jako vitamin d2 a 25-hydroxyvitamin d3. 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3,25-diol
2G-NN16: inhibits tc17 differentiation of cd8+ t lymphocytes
2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-Ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-: proposed catecholamine depletor
2H-benzo(a)chinolizin-2-ol, 2-ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-: navrhovaný depletor katecholaminu
2PEG-Mal-sCT: poly(ethylene glycol) (peg)-modified lipid containing a chemically active tri-block linker, epsilon-maleimido lysine (mal), and conjugated with salmon calcitonin (sct)
2S Albumins, Plant: a major class of water-soluble seed storage proteins. many proteins from this class are major plant allergens
2S albuminy rostlinné: hlavní třída ve vodě rozpustných zásobních proteinů semen. mnoho proteinů z této třídy patří mezi hlavní rostlinné alergeny
3' Flanking Region: the region of dna which borders the 3' end of a transcription unit and where a variety of regulatory sequences are located
3' Untranslated Regions: the sequence at the 3' end of messenger rna that does not code for product. this region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences
3' nepřekládaná oblast: 3' nepřekládaná oblast v mrna začíná bezprostředně za stop kodonem a často obsahuje řadu regulačních elementů transkripce a translace. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2021 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
3' přiléhající oblast DNA: oblast dna na 3' konci transkripční jednotky, kde je umístěna řada regulačních sekvencí
3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases: enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic amp to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. the enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic amp. many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic imp and cyclic gmp
3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases: enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic gmp to yield guanosine-5'-phosphate
3',5'-cyklické GMP-fosfodiesterasy: enzymy, které katalyzují hydrolýzu cyklického gmp za vzniku guanosin-5'-fosfátu
3,3'-Diaminobenzidine: a chemically and thermodynamically stable derivative of benzidine
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine: a material used in the manufacture of azo dyes that is toxic to skin and carcinogenic in several species
3,3'-diaminobenzidin: chemicky a termodynamicky stabilní derivát benzidinu
3,3'-dichlorbenzidin: materiál používaný při výrobě azobarviv, je toxický pro kůži a může mít karcinogenní účinky
3,3-ionene: water soluble cationic resin which binds bile acids; rn given refers to parent cpd
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: a non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (arginine vasopressin) and corticotropin-releasing hormone. (from j pharmacol exp ther 1997;280(1):416-21)
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: a deaminated metabolite of levodopa
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: an amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. it is a hallucinogen. it is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally
3,4-dichlor-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyklohexyl)-benzenacetamid, (trans)-isomer: nepeptidový agonista kappa-opioidního receptoru, u kterého bylo také zjištěno, že stimuluje uvolňování adrenokortikotropinu prostřednictvím uvolňování hypotalamického arginin vasopresinu a hormonu uvolňujícího kortikotropin
3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran: lignan with the highest binding affinity
3,4-methylendioxyamfetamin: derivát amfetaminu, který inhibuje vychytávání katecholaminových neurotransmiterů. halucinogen, který je sice méně toxický než jeho methylovaný derivát, ale i tak může v určitých dávkách poškodit serotonergní neurony. toho se využívá v experimentálním výzkumu
3-Deazauridine: 4-hydroxy-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinone. analog of uridine lacking a ring-nitrogen in the 3-position. functions as an antineoplastic agent
3-Deoxy-7-Phosphoheptulonate Synthase: an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 7-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptonate from phosphoenolpyruvate and d-erythrose-4-phosphate. it is one of the first enzymes in the biosynthesis of tyrosine and phenylalanine. this enzyme was formerly listed as ec 4.1.2.15
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase 2 Deficiency: mutation in hmgcs2
3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases: enzymes that reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a 3-hydroxyacyl coa to 3-ketoacyl coa in the presence of nad. they are key enzymes in the oxidation of fatty acids and in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis
3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase: an nad-dependent 3-hydroxyacyl coa dehydrogenase that has broad specificity with regards to the acyl chain length of the substrate
3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde. it was formerly characterized as ec 1.13.1.6
3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid: an oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. it may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: butyric acid substituted in the beta or 3 position. it is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver
3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases: catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids
3-Iodobenzylguanidine: a guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. the radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (merck index, 12th ed) mibg serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits adp-ribosyltransferase
3-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase: an nad+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. it is involved in the biosynthesis of valine; leucine; and isoleucine
3-Mercaptopropionic Acid: an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. it decreases the gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol: metabolite of serotonin and norepinephrine
3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide): a ketone oxidoreductase that catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-coa and co2. the enzyme requires thiamine diphosphate as a cofactor. defects in genes that code for subunits of the enzyme are a cause of maple syrup urine disease. the enzyme was formerly classified as ec 1.2.4.3
3-O-Methylglucose: a non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-o-methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (j neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)
3-O-methylglukosa: nemetabolizovatelný analog glukózy, který není fosforylován hexokinázou. 3-o-methylglukóza se používá jako marker pro posouzení transportu glukózy hodnocením jejího vychytávání v různých buňkách a orgánových systémech
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase: an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of testosterone to 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone
3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase: a 3-oxoacyl reductase that has specificity for acyl carrier protein-derived fatty acids
3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase: an enzyme of long-chain fatty acid synthesis, that adds a two-carbon unit from malonyl-(acyl carrier protein) to another molecule of fatty acyl-(acyl carrier protein), giving a beta-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) with the release of carbon dioxide. ec 2.3.1.41
3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases: highly conserved protein-serine threonine kinases that phosphorylate and activate a group of agc protein kinases, especially in response to the production of the second messengers, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,-biphosphate (ptdins(3,4)p2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (ptdins(3,4,5)p3)
3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase: an enzyme of the shikimate pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, it generates 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and orthophosphate from phosphoenolpyruvate and shikimate-3-phosphate. the shikimate pathway is present in bacteria and plants but not in mammals
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: a dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to nifedipine, functions as a calcium channel agonist. the compound facilitates ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. it is used primarily as a research tool
3-alfa-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenasa (B-specifická): 3-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenáza, která katalyzuje reverzibilní redukci aktivního androgenu dihydrotestosteronu na 5-alfa-androstan-3-alfa,17-beta-diol. působí také na další 3-alfa-hydroxysteroidy a na 9-, 11- a 15- hydroxyprostaglandiny. enzym je b-specifický ve vztahu k orientaci redukovaného nad nebo nadph
3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific): a 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible reduction of the active androgen, dihydrotestosterone to 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol. it also has activity towards other 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids and on 9-, 11- and 15- hydroxyprostaglandins. the enzyme is b-specific in reference to the orientation of reduced nad or nadph
3-deazauridin: 4-hydroxy-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinon. analog uridinu postrádající kruhový dusík v poloze 3, slouží jako antineoplastická látka
3-deoxy-7-fosfoheptulonátsyntáza: enzym, který katalyzuje tvorbu 7-fosfo-2-keto-3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptonátu z fosfoenolpyruvátu a d-erythrosa-4-fosfátu. je to jeden z prvních enzymů v biosyntéze tyrosinu a fenylalaninu. tento enzym byl dříve veden jako ec 4.1.2.15
3-hydroxy-polydeoxycholic acid: a major product of cholate metabolism in human & hamster feces
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenasa mastných kyselin s dlouhým řetězcem: 3-hydroxyacyl-coa-dehydrogenáza závislá na nad, která je specifická pro acylové řetězce obsahující 8 a 10 uhlíků
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenáza: nad-dependentní 3-hydroxyacylcoa dehydrogenáza, která má širokou specifitu s ohledem na délku acylového řetězce substrátu
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenasy: enzymy, které reverzibilně katalyzují oxidaci 3-hydroxyacyl coa na 3-ketoacyl coa v přítomnosti nad. jsou to klíčové enzymy při oxidaci mastných kyselin a v mitochondriální syntéze mastných kyselin
3-hydroxyanthranilát-3,4-dioxygenasa: enzym, který katalyzuje přeměnu 3-hydroxyanthranilátu na 2-amino-3-karboxymukonát semialdehyd. dříve byl veden jako ec 1.13.1.6
3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenasy: enzymy, které katalyzují oxidaci 3-hydroxysteroidů na 3-ketosteroidy
3-isopropylmalátdehydrogenasa: enzym závislý na nad+, který katalyzuje oxidaci 3-karboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoátu na 3-karboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoát. podílí se na biosyntéze valinu, leucinu a isoleucinu
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyfenylethanol: metabolit serotoninu a norepinefrinu
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoátdehydrogenasa (lipoamid): ketonoxidoreduktáza, která katalyzuje celkovou konverzi alfa-ketokyselin na acyl-coa a co2. enzym vyžaduje thiamindifosfát (thiaminpyrofosfát) jako kofaktor. defekty genů, které kódují podjednotky enzymu, jsou příčinou nemoci s močí javorového sirupu. enzym byl dříve klasifikován jako ec 1.2.4.3
3-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase 1 deficiency: a metabolic disorder caused by decreased activity of the 3-methylcrotonyl coa carboxylase enzyme due to mutations in the mccc1 gene. it is characterized primarily by progressive muscle hypotonia and atrophy, urinary extrection of 3-methylcrotonylglycine and of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, acute hyperammonemia and ketosis. affected infants may also experience a failure to thrive and feeding difficulties, seizures, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. others may have no symptoms. omim: 210200