NLK-NML/MeSH-CZ-2025-notes huggingface dataset:
Siadenovirus: a genus of adenoviridae comprising species including viruses of frogs (frogs and toads) and turkeys. the type species is frog adenovirus
Siadenovirus: rod virů čeledi adenoviridae. patří sem např. druhy infikující žáby či krocany. typovým druhem je žabí adenovirus fradv
Sialadenitis: inflammation of salivary tissue (salivary glands), usually due to infection or injuries
Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1: a sialic acid binding lectin that was originally identified as an adhesion molecule for inflammatory macrophages and activated monocytes. this protein is the largest known siglec subtype and contains 16 immunoglobulin c2-set domains. it plays a role in cell to cell interactions and interactions with bacteria
Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2: a lectin and cell adhesion molecule found in b-lymphocytes. it interacts with sialic acids and mediates signaling from b-cell antigen receptors
Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3: a 67-kda sialic acid binding lectin that is specific for myeloid cells and monocyte-macrophage precursor cells. this protein is the smallest siglec subtype and contains a single immunoglobulin c2-set domain. it may play a role in intracellular signaling via its interaction with shp-1 protein-tyrosine phosphatase and shp-2 protein-tyrosine phosphatase
Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins: a family of sialic acid binding proteins found in vertebrate species. they are transmembrane proteins which act as cell surface receptors for a variety of sialylated glycoconjugates. while a subset of siglec protein subtypes are evolutionarily conserved between mammalian species, there are many others that are species specific
Sialic Acid Storage Disease: autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorders caused by lysosomal membrane transport defects that result in accumulation of free sialic acid (n-acetylneuraminic acid) within the lysosomes. the two main clinical phenotypes, which are allelic variants of the slc17a5 gene, are issd, a severe infantile form, or salla disease, a slowly progressive adult form, named for the geographic area in finland where the kindred first studied resided
Sialic Acids: a group of naturally occurring n-and o-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. they are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues
Sialoglycoproteins: glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. they are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities
Sialography: radiography of the salivary glands or ducts following injection of contrast medium
Sialometaplasia, Necrotizing: a benign, inflammatory, variably ulcerated, occasionally bilateral, self-healing lesion of the minor salivary glands that is often confused clinically and histologically with carcinoma
Sialyl Lewis X Antigen: a sialylated version of lewis x antigen expressed on cell surfaces. it is a ligand for selectins
Sialyltransferases: a group of enzymes with the general activity cmp-n-acetylneuraminate:acceptor n-acetylneuraminyl transferase. they catalyze the transfer of n-acetylneuraminic acid from cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid
Siberia: a region, north-central asia, largely in russia. it extends from the ural mountains to the pacific ocean and from the arctic ocean to central kazakhstan and the borders of china and mongolia
Sibiř: území v asijské části ruska a v kazachstánu, od uralu k pohořím u tichého oceánu a od pobřeží severního ledového oceánu do střední asie. nazývá se sibiř nebo dálný východ. historicky je od 17. století součástí ruska, zaujímá většinu rozlohy ruské federace (asi 77 %), tj. asi 10 miliónů km2. sibiř má silně kontinentální podnebí a značné nerostné bohatství. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Sibling Relations: interactions and relationships between sisters and/or brothers. the concept also applies to animal studies
Siblings: persons or animals having at least one parent in common. (american college dictionary, 3d ed)
Sicilie: ostrov ležící ve středozemním moři a autonomní region itálie
Sick Building Syndrome: a group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (alveolitis, extrinsic allergic); allergic rhinitis (rhinitis, allergic, perennial); asthma; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (from segen, dictionary of modern medicine, 1992)
Sick Leave: an absence from work permitted because of illness or the number of days per year for which an employer agrees to pay employees who are sick. (webster's new collegiate dictionary, 1981)
Sick Role: set of expectations that exempt persons from responsibility for their illness and exempt them from usual responsibilities
Sick Sinus Syndrome: a condition caused by dysfunctions related to the sinoatrial node including impulse generation (cardiac sinus arrest) and impulse conduction (sinoatrial exit block). it is characterized by persistent bradycardia, chronic atrial fibrillation, and failure to resume sinus rhythm following cardioversion. this syndrome can be congenital or acquired, particularly after surgical correction for heart defects
Sickle Cell Trait: the condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin s
Sickness Impact Profile: a quality-of-life scale developed in the united states in 1972 as a measure of health status or dysfunction generated by a disease. it is a behaviorally based questionnaire for patients and addresses activities such as sleep and rest, mobility, recreation, home management, emotional behavior, social interaction, and the like. it measures the patient's perceived health status and is sensitive enough to detect changes or differences in health status occurring over time or between groups. (from medical care, vol.xix, no.8, august 1981, p.787-805)
Sida Plant: a genus of flowering plants in the family of mallows (malvaceae). their common name is fanpetals
Side-Population Cells: a group of cells identified on flow cytometry profiles as distinct from the main group of cells by their ability to extrude the fluorescent dye hoechst 33342, often a characteristic property of less differentiated progenitor and stem cells
Sideritis: a plant genus of the family lamiaceae that contains isoscutellarein-7-o-(allosyl(1-2)glucoside)
Sideritis: rod rostlin z čeledi hluchavkovitých, obsahuje isoscutellarein-7-o-(allosyl(1-2)glukosid)
Siderophores: low-molecular-weight compounds produced by microorganisms that aid in the transport and sequestration of ferric iron. (the encyclopedia of molecular biology, 1994)
Siderosis: a form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes
Siegler Brewer Carey syndrome: fatal multisystem syndrome involving the eyes, ears, lungs, intestines, and kidneys
Sierra Leone: a republic in western africa, south of guinea and west of liberia. its capital is freetown
Sierra Leone: přímořský stát v západní africe ležící při pobřeží atlantského oceánu na západě a jihu. pevninskou hranici má na jihovýchodě s libérií a na východě a severu s guineou. hlavní město je freetown. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Sigesbeckia: a plant genus of the family asteraceae. it has been used in traditional herbal medicine and commonly referred to as st. paul's wort. it produces an unpleasant smell and is sometimes referred to as pig pungent weed
Sigesbeckia: rod jednoletých rostlin z čeledi asteraceae - hvězdnicovité, užívá se v tradiční čínské medicíně
Sigma Factor: a protein which is a subunit of rna polymerase. it effects initiation of specific rna chains from dna
Sigma-1 Receptor: a sigma receptor that regulates neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters, neurogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria function
Sigmodontinae: a subfamily of the family muridae comprised of 69 genera. new world mice and rats are included in this subfamily
Sigmodontinae: podčeleď hlodavců čeledi muridae (myšovití) zahrnující 69 rodů. vyskytují se v severní a jižní americe
Sigmoid Diseases: pathological processes in the sigmoid colon region of the large intestine (intestine, large)
Sign Language: a system of hand gestures used for communication by those with hearing loss or by people speaking different languages
Signal Detection, Psychological: psychophysical technique that permits the estimation of the bias of the observer as well as detectability of the signal (i.e., stimulus) in any sensory modality. (from apa, thesaurus of psychological index terms, 8th ed.)
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted: computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity
Signal Recognition Particle: a cytosolic ribonucleoprotein complex that acts to induce elongation arrest of nascent presecretory and membrane proteins until the ribosome becomes associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. it consists of a 7s rna and at least six polypeptide subunits (relative molecular masses 9, 14, 19, 54, 68, and 72k)
Signal Transduction: the intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. in each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. examples of signal transduction systems are the gamma-aminobutyric acid-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated t-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway
Signal-To-Noise Ratio: the comparison of the quantity of meaningful data to the irrelevant or incorrect data
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Associated Protein: a signal transducing adaptor protein that contains a single sh2 domain and is essential for the regulation of slam family receptors in the immune response. mutations in the slam-associated protein gene have been identified in cases of x-linked lymphoproliferative disease
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family: type-i membrane glycoproteins that are expressed primarily on the surface of cd4 or cd8-positive t-cells; natural killer cells; and some populations of b cells. they are characterized by an n-terminal, extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain and a membrane-proximal immunoglobulin c2-set domain. slamf receptors typically signal through homophilic interactions and are important for mediating the immune response and immune cell differentiation
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1: a 70-kda slam family receptor that consists of an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain and an immunoglobulin c2-set domain. it is expressed primarily by thymocytes and activated t-lymphocytes, as well as by macrophages and dendritic cells. it binds slamf1 receptors on other cells to mediate t-cell maturation and proliferation. it is also a receptor for the measles virus
Signs and Symptoms: clinical manifestations that can be either objective when observed by a physician, or subjective when perceived by the patient
Signs and Symptoms, Digestive: digestive system manifestations of diseases of the gastrointestinal system or of other organs
Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory: respiratory system manifestations of diseases of the respiratory tract or of other organs
Sikkim: a state within northeast india in the eastern himalayas. the capital is gangtok
Sikkim: malý svazový stát na severu indie v himálaji. na západě sousedí s nepálskou provincií taplejung, s tibetskou autonomní oblastí, která je součástí čínské lidové republiky, na severu a východě a konečně na jihovýchodě s bhútánem. počet obyvatel přesahuje půl milionu, což z něj činí co do počtu obyvatel nejmenší z indických států. hlavním městem sikkimu je gángtok. stát se rozkládá v izolovaných horských údolích pod kančendžangou, třetí nejvyšší horou světa. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Silage: fodder converted into succulent feed for livestock through processes of anaerobic fermentation (as in a silo)
Silanes: compounds similar to hydrocarbons in which a tetravalent silicon atom replaces the carbon atom. they are very reactive, ignite in air, and form useful derivatives
Silar (3M): composite resin system containing 51% filler & a bis-gma resin plus diluents; from 3m co; see also record for silar 10c
Sildenafil Citrate: a phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor; vasodilator agent and urological agent that is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and primary pulmonary hypertension
Silencer Elements, Transcriptional: nucleic acid sequences that are involved in the negative regulation of genetic transcription by chromatin silencing
Silene: a plant genus of the family caryophyllaceae. the common name of campion is also used with lychnis. the common name of 'pink' can be confused with other plants
Silene: rostlinný rod z čeledi caryophyllaceae - hvozdíkovité
Silengo Lerone Pelizza syndrome: microcephaly, schizencephaly, decorticated disturbance of the neurological function, congenital optic atrophy and nystagmus
Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a set of nuclear proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae that are required for the transcriptional repression of the silent mating type loci. they mediate the formation of silenced chromatin and repress both transcription and recombination at other loci as well. they are comprised of 4 non-homologous, interacting proteins, sir1p, sir2p, sir3p, and sir4p. sir2p, an nad-dependent histone deacetylase, is the founding member of the family of sirtuins
Silent Mutation: a change to a dna sequence that doesn't change the amino acid sequence of the protein made
Silhouette sign: an imaging abnormality in which a normal outline ("silhouette") for anatomical structure is not seen. such loss of normal silhouette is a useful feature in localization of pathology
Silica Gel: a non-crystalline form of silicon oxide that has absorptive properties. it is commonly used as a desiccating agent and as a stationary phase for chromatography. the fully hydrated form of silica gel has distinct properties and is referred to as silicic acid
Silicate Cement: a relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (from boucher's clinical dental terminology, 4th ed, p50)
Silicates: the generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. they contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (from mcgraw-hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms, 4th ed)
Silicic Acid: a hydrated form of silicon dioxide. it is commonly used in the manufacture of toothpastes and as a stationary phase for chromatography
Silicon: a trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of silicon dioxide. it does not occur free in nature. silicon has the atomic symbol si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086]
Silicon Dioxide: transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, quartz, and tridymite. the compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid
Silicone Elastomers: polymers of silicone that are formed by crosslinking and treatment with amorphous silica to increase strength. they have properties similar to vulcanized natural rubber, in that they stretch under tension, retract rapidly, and fully recover to their original dimensions upon release. they are used in the encapsulation of surgical membranes and implants
Silicone Gels: synthetic organosiloxane gels that are formed from synthetic polymers of silicone oxide with organic sidechains (polydimethylsiloxane) by lengthening the polymer chains. unlike silicone elastomers, they are not treated with amorphous silica. they are used as fillers in breast implants
Silicone Oils: organic siloxanes which are polymerized to the oily stage. the oils have low surface tension and density less than 1. they are used in industrial applications and in the treatment of retinal detachment, complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Silicones: a broad family of synthetic organosiloxane polymers containing a repeating silicon-oxygen backbone with organic side groups attached via carbon-silicon bonds. depending on their structure, they are classified as liquids, gels, and elastomers. (from merck index, 12th ed)
Silicosis: a form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of silicon dioxide, usually in the form of quartz. amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic
Silicotuberculosis: pulmonary or extrapulmonary infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis or nontuberculous mycobacteria in a patient with silicosis
Silk: a continuous protein fiber consisting primarily of fibroins. it is synthesized by a variety of insects and arachnids
Silkospray: silicone spray containing silicone oil dimethylpolysiloxan and n-butane; facilitate the passage of a fibrescope through an endotracheal tube
Silmar S-41: a 40%/60% blend of styrene monomer to unsaturated polyester resin; used in the fabrication of tissue-equivalent phantoms
Silo Filler's Disease: a form of alveolitis or pneumonitis caused by hypersensitivity to high level of inhaled nitrogen oxides, decomposition products of silage
Silorane Resins: polymeric resins containing a combination of siloxanes and oxiranes
Siloxanes: silicon polymers that contain alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in linear or cyclic molecular structures
Silver: an element with the atomic symbol ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. it is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as argyria
Silver Nitrate: a silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. it has been used topically to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum
Silver Staining: the use of silver, usually silver nitrate, as a reagent for producing contrast or coloration in tissue specimens
Silver-Russell Syndrome: genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by low birth weight, postnatal growth retardation, facial dysmorphism, bilateral body asymmetry, and clinodactyly of the fifth fingers. alterations in genetic imprinting are involved. hypomethylation of igf2/h19 locus near an imprinting center region of chromosome 11p15 plays a role in a subset of silver-russell syndrome. hypermethylation of the same chromosomal region, on the other hand, can cause beckwith-wiedemann syndrome. maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 7 is known to play a role in its etiology
Silverův-Russellův syndrom: syndrom vrozeného nanismu s kraniofaciálními malformacemi, asymetriemi, poruchou vývoje kostí, prstů, kožními příznaky, poruchami sexuálního vývoje. intelektuální vývoj ani vnitřní orgány nejsou postiženy. může být variantou russellova nanismu. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2016 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz)
Silybin: the major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the milk thistle, silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of hepatitis; liver cirrhosis; and chemical and drug induced liver injury, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins a and b are diastereomers
Silybum marianum: a plant in the family asteraceae containing the bioflavonoid complex silymarin. for centuries this has been used traditionally to treat liver disease. silybum marianum (l.) gaertn. = carduus marianus l
Silymarin: a mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the milk thistle, silybum marianum. it consists primarily of silybin and its isomers, silicristin and silidianin. silymarin displays antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity. it protects various tissues and organs against chemical injury, and shows potential as an antihepatoxic agent
Simarouba: a plant genus of the family simaroubaceae. members produce quassinoids
Simarouba: rod rostlin čeledi simaroubaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují quassinoidy
Simaroubaceae: a plant family of the order sapindales, subclass rosidae, class magnoliopsida. leaves are alternate and compound. most have small flowers, bitter bark, and fleshy fruits that are sometimes winged. members contain quassins
Simaroubaceae: čeleď tropických stromů nebo keřů z řádu sapindales (mýdelníkotvarých), třídy rosopsida. jsou převážně stále zelené, dvoudomé nebo jednodomé, často mají velmi hořkou kůru, dřevo i semena. listy s palisty i bez jsou převážně střídavé, zpeřené nebo výjimečně jednoduché. květy jsou jednopohlavné nebo oboupohlavné, pravidelné, uspořádané do úžlabních nebo terminálních květenství. plody jsou tobolky, bobule, peckovice nebo nažky. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Simbu virus: a species in the orthobunyavirus genus of the family bunyaviridae family. previously a large group of serotypes, most are now considered separate species
Simendan: a hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase iii inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of heart failure
Simeprevir: oral hcv-protease inhibitor effective against hepatitis c virus (hcv) serine protease ns3/4a. it is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis c (antivirals) genotype 1 infection in adults with compensated liver disease, including cirrhosis
Simethicone: a poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. it is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs naturally in macaques infected with srv serotypes, experimentally in monkeys inoculated with srv or mason-pfizer monkey virus; (mpmv), or in monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: species of the genus lentivirus, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (immunodeficiency viruses, primate), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (saids). the genetic organization of siv is virtually identical to hiv
Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1: a strain of primate t-lymphotropic virus 2, closely related to the human htlv-1 virus. the clinical, hematological, and histopathological characteristics of the disease in stlv-infected monkeys are very similar to those of human adult t-cell leukemia. subgroups include the african green monkey subtype (stlv-i-agm), for which the nucleotide sequence is 95% homologous with that of human t-lymphotropic virus 1, and the asian rhesus macaque subtype (stlv-i-mm), for which the nucleotide sequence is 90% homologous with that of human t-lymphotropic virus 1
Simian T-lymphotropic virus 2: a strain of primate t-lymphotropic virus 2 isolated from congolese bonobos (pan paniscus)
Simian T-lymphotropic virus 3: strains of primate t-lymphotropic virus 3 isolated from diverse primate species
Simian foamy virus: a species of spumavirus causing non-pathogenic infections in chimpanzees and humans
Simian virus 40: a species of polyomavirus originally isolated from rhesus monkey kidney tissue. it produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures
Simplexvirus: a genus of the family herpesviridae, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. the type species is herpesvirus 1, human
Simplexvirus: rod virů čeledi herpesviridae, podčeledi alphaherpesvirinae, který obsahuje viry podobné viru herpes simplex. typovým druhem je lidský herpesvirus 1
Simplified Acute Physiology Score: a severity of disease classification system designed to measure the severity of disease for patients aged 15 and over admitted to intensive care units
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome: a congenital x-linked recessive form of gigantism. it is also characterized by coarse facies, congenital heart defects, and other congenital abnormalities. it is phenotypically similar to beckwith-wiedemann syndrome (omim: 130650). mutations in the gpc3 gene have been identified. omim: 312870
Simulation Training: a highly customized interactive medium or program that allows individuals to learn and practice real world activities in an accurate, realistic, safe and secure environment
Simulgel A: polymeric emulsifier containing ammonium polyacrylate, isohexadecane, peg-40 & castor oil
Simuliidae: a family of insects in the order diptera, which include black flies, buffalo gnats and simulies. several species are intermediate hosts (vectors) for the parasitic disease onchocerciasis
Simuliidae: čeleď dvoukřídlého hmyzu. muchničky útočí ve dne, bodnutí je bolestivé, silně svědí a vzácností nejsou silné alergické reakce. některé africké druhy jsou přenašeči filárií onchocerca volvulus, původce onchocerkózy. (upraveno podle biolib.cz 2019 https://www.biolib.cz/)
Simvastatin: a derivative of lovastatin and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hydroxymethylglutaryl coa reductases), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. it may also interfere with steroid hormone production. due to the induction of hepatic ldl receptors, it increases breakdown of ldl cholesterol
Sin Nombre virus: a species of orthohantavirus which emerged in the four corners area of the united states in 1993. it causes a serious, often fatal pulmonary illness (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) in humans. transmission is by inhaling aerosolized rodent secretions that contain virus particles, carried especially by deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and pinyon mice (p. truei)
Sin3 Histone Deacetylase and Corepressor Complex: a multisubunit enzyme complex that regulates genetic transcription by deacetylating the histone residues of nucleosomes
Sinapis: a plant genus of the family brassicaceae. the common name of mustard may refer to mustard plant (brassica juncea or brassica nigra)
Sincalide: an octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. when secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas
Sindbis Virus: the type species of alphavirus normally transmitted to birds by culex mosquitoes in egypt, south africa, india, malaya, the philippines, and australia. it may be associated with fever in humans. serotypes (differing by less than 17% in nucleotide sequence) include babanki, kyzylagach, and ockelbo viruses
Sinfony composite resin: contains alphatic & cycloaliphatic monomers, fillers, aluminum glass & sio2
Singapur: městský stát v jihovýchodní asii na stejnojmenném ostrově a přilehlých 54 ostrůvcích při jižní výspě malajského poloostrova. hlavní město je singapur
Singh Chhaparwal Dhanda syndrome: syndrome of dwarfism, mental retardation, lens opacities, nystagmus, strabismus, cryptorchidism and absent patellae
Single Embryo Transfer: the techniques used to select and/or place only one embryo from fertilization in vitro into the uterine cavity to establish a singleton pregnancy
Single Molecule Imaging: high resolution imaging techniques that allow visualization of individual molecules of proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids within cells or tissues
Single Parent: a natural, adoptive, or substitute parent of a dependent child, who lives with only one parent. the single parent may live with or visit the child. the concept includes the never-married, as well as the divorced and widowed
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography: an imaging technique using a device which combines tomography, emission-computed, single-photon and tomography, x-ray computed in the same session
Single Umbilical Artery: congenital abnormality where one, instead of the usual two, umbilical artery connects the fetus to the placenta
Single upper central incisor: a hereditary autosomal dominant condition characterized primarily by single (unpaired) deciduous and permanent maxillary central incisors and short stature. growth hormone deficiencies may also be present. mutations in the shh gene have been identified. omim: 147250
Single-Balloon Enteroscopy: a balloon-assisted enteroscopy utilizing a flexible endoscope with one overtube balloon control unit
Single-Blind Method: a method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned
Single-Case Studies as Topic: trials that consider an individual patient as the sole unit of observation in a study investigating the efficacy or side-effects of different interventions to determine the optimal intervention for an individual patient using objective data-driven criteria
Single-Cell Analysis: assaying the products of or monitoring various biochemical processes and reactions in an individual cell
Single-Chain Antibodies: a form of antibodies consisting only of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains (fv fragments), connected by a small linker peptide. they are less immunogenic than complete immunoglobulin and thus have potential therapeutic use
Single-Domain Antibodies: an immunoglobulin fragment composed of one variable domain from an immunoglobulin heavy chain or immunoglobulin light chain
Single-Payer System: an approach to health care financing with only one source of money for paying health care providers. the scope may be national (the canadian system), state-wide, or community-based. the payer may be a governmental unit or other entity such as an insurance company. the proposed advantages include administrative simplicity for patients and providers, and resulting significant savings in overhead costs. (from slee and slee, health care reform terms, 1993, p106)
Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases: enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of single-stranded regions of dna or rna molecules while leaving the double-stranded regions intact. they are particularly useful in the laboratory for producing blunt-ended dna molecules from dna with single-stranded ends and for sensitive genetic techniques such as nuclease protection assays that involve the detection of single-stranded dna and rna
Single-Use Internal Condom: a soft, loose-fitting polyurethane sheath, closed at one end, with flexible rings at both ends. the device is inserted into the vagina by compressing the inner ring and pushing it in. properly positioned, the ring at the closed end covers the cervix, and the sheath lines the walls of the vagina. the outer ring remains outside the vagina, covering the labia. (med lett drugs ther 1993 dec 24;35(12):123)
Singlet Oxygen: an excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as nucleic acids; proteins; and lipids; causing oxidative damages
Singleton Merten syndrome: sm syndrome; "syndrome of widened medullary cavities of the metacarpals and phalanges, aortic calcification and abnormal dentition"; and "widened medullary cavities of bone, aortic calcification, abnormal dentition, and muscular weakness" not included
Sinistral Portal Hypertension: portal hypertension of the splenic vein due to occlusion caused by pancreatic pathology such as pancreatic pseudocyst and pancratic cancer. sinistral portal hypertension is associated with gastric varices and acute hematemesis
Sino-Nasal Outcome Test: patient-reported measure of outcome in sino-nasal disorders such as rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis
Sinoatrial Block: disturbance in the atrial activation that is caused by transient failure of impulse conduction from the sinoatrial node to the heart atria. it is characterized by a delayed in heartbeat and pauses between p waves in an electrocardiogram
Sinoatrial Node: the small mass of modified cardiac muscle fibers located at the junction of the superior vena cava (vena cava, superior) and right atrium. contraction impulses probably start in this node, spread over the atrium (heart atrium) and are then transmitted by the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his) to the ventricle (heart ventricle)
Sinomenium: a plant genus of the family menispermaceae. members contain sinomenine, caffeine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, and other alkaloids
Sinomenium: rod rostlin čeledi menispermaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují sinomenin, kofein, 1,7-dimethylxanthin a další alkaloidy
Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: highly aggressive undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum extract: semi-purified extract of low-altitude podophyllum hexandrum containing a relatively low content of podophyllotoxin (3.25 %) with potent antioxidant ability
Sinorhizobium: a genus of gram-negative, aerobic, nonsporeforming rods which usually contain granules of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. (from bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 9th ed)
Sinorhizobium: rod gramnegativních, aerobních, nesporulujících, tyčinkovitých bakterií, které zpravidla obsahují granula poly-beta-hydroxybutyrátu
Sinorhizobium fredii: a species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is a fast-growing and soybean-nodulating innoculant
Sinorhizobium fredii: druh gramnegativní, aerobní, rychle rostoucí bakterie, která vytváří symbiotický vztah se sójou za tvorby kořenových hlízek (nodulace)
Sinorhizobium meliloti: a species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes formation of root nodules on some, but not all, types of sweet clover, medicago sativa, and fenugreek
Sinorhizobium meliloti: druh gramnegativní, aerobní bakterie, která vytváří kořenové hlízky na některých typech komonice, tolice vojtěšky a pískavice
Sint Maarten: dutch part of the island of saint martin in the caribbean sea; sint maarten lies east of the us virgin islands
Sinus Arrest, Cardiac: the omission of atrial activation that is caused by transient cessation of impulse generation at the sinoatrial node. it is characterized by a prolonged pause without p wave in an electrocardiogram. sinus arrest has been associated with sleep apnea (rem sleep-related sinus arrest)
Sinus Floor Augmentation: guided bone transplantation of the maxillary sinus surface with a bone substitute grafting. it increases the bone volume at the site of the dental implant and helps stabilize it
Sinus Pericranii: rare vascular anomaly involving a communication between the intracranial and extracranial venous circulation via diploe, the central spongy layer of cranial bone. it is often characterized by dilated venous structures on the scalp due to abnormal drainage from the intracranial venous sinuses. sinus pericranii can be congenital or traumatic in origin
Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial: formation or presence of a blood clot (thrombus) in the cranial sinuses, large endothelium-lined venous channels situated within the skull. intracranial sinuses, also called cranial venous sinuses, include the superior sagittal, cavernous, lateral, petrous sinuses, and many others. cranial sinus thrombosis can lead to severe headache; seizure; and other neurological defects
Sinus of Valsalva: the dilatation of the aortic wall behind each of the cusps of the aortic valve
Sinusitis: inflammation of the nasal mucosa in one or more of the paranasal sinuses
Siphonaptera: an order of parasitic, blood-sucking, wingless insects with the common name of fleas
Siphonaptera: blechy (siphonaptera) jsou řádem druhotně bezkřídlého, krevsajícího hmyzu, jenž parazituje u řady suchozemských savců, méně u ptáků. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Siphoviridae: a family of bacteriophages and archaeal viruses which are characterized by long, non-contractile tails
Siphoviridae: čeleď bakteriofágů a archeálních virů, která je charakterizovaná dlouhými, nekontraktilními bičíky
Sirenia: an order of heavy-bodied, slow-moving, completely aquatic, herbivorous mammals. the body is fusiform, plump, and hairless, except for bristles on the snout. hindlimbs are absent, the forelimbs are modified to flippers, and the tail is a horizontal fluke. (from scott, concise encyclopedia biology, 1996)
Sirenia: býložraví savci pobřežních vod vývojově příbuzní chobotnatcům. jsou dobře adaptováni pro život ve vodě: jejich paže jsou modifikovány do tvaru pádel, nemají nohy (zadní končetiny jsou jen rudimenty pánve), mají silnou vrstvu podkožního tuku, nemají srst ani boltce. jsou to převážně mořští živočichové (popř. osidlují brakické vody), živící se hlavně řasami. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Sirolimus: a macrolide compound obtained from streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. it is bioactive only when bound to immunophilins. sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties
Sirtuin 1: a sirtuin family member found primarily in the cell nucleus. it is an nad-dependent deacetylase with specificity towards histones and a variety of proteins involved in gene regulation
Sirtuin 2: a sirtuin family member found primarily in the cytoplasm. it is a multifunctional enzyme that contains a nad-dependent deacetylase activity that is specific for histones and a mono-adp-ribosyltransferase activity
Sirtuin 3: a sirtuin family member found primarily in mitochondria. it is a multifunctional enzyme that contains a nad-dependent deacetylase activity that is specific for histones and a mono-adp-ribosyltransferase activity
Sirtuins: a homologous family of regulatory enzymes that are structurally related to the protein silent mating type information regulator 2 (sir2) found in saccharomyces cerevisiae. sirtuins contain a central catalytic core region which binds nad. several of the sirtuins utilize nad to deacetylate proteins such as histones and are categorized as group iii histone deacetylases. several other sirtuin members utilize nad to transfer adp-ribose to proteins and are categorized as mono adp-ribose transferases, while a third group of sirtuins appears to have both deacetylase and adp ribose transferase activities
Sisomicin: antibiotic produced by micromonospora inyoensis. it is closely related to gentamicin c1a, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (gentamicins)
Sister Chromatid Exchange: an exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in bloom syndrome
Sister Mary Joseph's Nodule: metastatic lesion of the umbilicus associated with intra-abdominal neoplasms especially of the gastrointestinal tract or ovary
Sitagliptin Phosphate: a pyrazine-derived dipeptidyl-peptidase iv inhibitor and hypoglycemic agent that increases the levels of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (gip). it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Sitagliptin Phosphate, Metformin Hydrochloride Drug Combination: a pharmaceutical preparation of sitagliptin phosphate and metformin hydrochloride that is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific): an enzyme responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern on adenine residues in a specific short base sequence in the host cell dna. the enzyme catalyzes the methylation of dna adenine in the presence of s-adenosyl-l-methionine to form dna containing 6-methylaminopurine and s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine. ec 2.1.1.72
Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Cytosine-N4-Specific): a dna-methyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from s-adenosylmethionine to the exocyclic nh2 group at the 4 position of cytosine
Sitosterolemia: a hereditary autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by the unregulated intestinal absorption of both cholesterol and phytosterols. patients have very high plasma levels of phytosterols and develop xanthoma at tendons and joints (tuberous xanthoma), atherosclerosis, and premature coronary artery disease. mutations in the abcg5 and abcg8 genes have been identified. omim: 210250
Sitosterols: a family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized
Situs Inversus: a congenital abnormality in which organs in the thorax and the abdomen are opposite to their normal positions (situs solitus) due to lateral transposition. normally the stomach and spleen are on the left, liver on the right, the three-lobed right lung is on the right, and the two-lobed left lung on the left. situs inversus has a familial pattern and has been associated with a number of genes related to microtubule-associated proteins
Situs inversus totalis with cystic dysplasia of kidneys and pancreas: situs inversus, cystic dysplastic kidney and pancreas, bowed lower limbs, severe intrauterine growth retardation, and oligohydramnios
Sizofiran: a beta-d-glucan obtained from the aphyllophoral fungus schizophyllum commune. it is used as an immunoadjuvant in the treatment of neoplasms, especially tumors found in the stomach
Sjogren's Syndrome: chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. the primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. the secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis
Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome: an autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder characterized by severe ichthyosis mental retardation; spastic paraplegia; and congenital ichthyosis. it is caused by mutation of gene encoding microsomal fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase leading to defect in fatty alcohol metabolism
Sjögrenův syndrom: imunopatologická choroba charakterizovaná triádou příznaků: keratokonjunktivitida, parotitida, artritida. bývají známky zduření slinných žláz a žlázy slzné se suchostí úst (xerostomie) a očí (xeroftalmie), s polyartritickými příznaky (srov. sicca syndrom). snížená může být i sekrece z pankreatu či žaludku. žlázy jsou infiltrovány lymfocyty (srov. mikuliczův syndrom) a v některých případech je pozorován vznik maligního lymfomu z b buněk. s. n. postihuje výrazně častěji ženy, zejm. v menopauze. kurativní léčba není známa, léčba je zaměřena na postižené orgány. používají se umělé slzy, látky stimulující slinění (např. pilokarpin), systémově imunosupresiva či antirevmatika. důležitá je i péče o zuby, kůži. s. n. se někdy označuje jako primární sjögrenův syndrom, zatímco obdobné příznaky sicca syndromu spojené se systémovým onemocněním jako sekundární sjögrenův syndrom. terminologie však není jednoznačná. kromě imunologického vyšetření (zvýšené igm, autoprotilátky anti ss, ena) je v diagnóze důležitá biopsie. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2013 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz/ )
Sjögrenův-Larssonův syndrom: vrozená ichtyoziformní erytrodermie s autozomálně recesivní dědičností spojená s oligofrenií, degenerací sítnice a dalšími anomáliemi. nemoc je způsobená mutací genu pro mikrozomální aldehyddehydrogenázu, což vede k poruše metabolismu mastných alkoholů. onemocnění se vyskytuje endemicky ve skandinávii. jeho variantou s trpasličím vzrůstem je rudův syndrom. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2017 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz)
Skandinávci a lidé ze severských zemí: lidé původem ze skandinávských a severských zemí nebo obyvatelé těchto oblastí
Skandinávie a severské státy: severské státy nebo také nordické státy jsou země ležící na severu evropy. obvykle se mezi ně počítají: dánsko, finsko, island, norsko, švédsko. dále se mezi severské země počítají následující území: ålandy (finsko), faerské ostrovy (dánsko), grónsko (dánsko). někdy se jim také nesprávně říká skandinávské státy. ze zeměpisného hlediska ale na skandinávském poloostrově leží pouze norsko a švédsko. island je ostrov, dánsko leží na jutském poloostrově a mnoha ostrovech a finsko leží na skandinávském poloostrově jen částečně. (cit. dle wikipedie)
Skates, Fish: the common name for all members of the rajidae family. skates and rays are members of the same order (rajiformes). skates have weak electric organs
Skating: using ice skates, roller skates, or skateboards in racing or other competition or for recreation
Skeletal Defects, Genital Hypoplasia, And Mental Retardation: mutations in zbtb16
Skeletal Muscle Enlargement: an increase in skeletal muscle mass in normal muscle development. in human adults it results primarily from an increase in the size of skeletal muscle fibers unlike in muscle hyperplasia where an increase in the number of skeletal muscle fibers is a major factor
Skeletal Muscle Myosins: myosin type ii isoforms found in skeletal muscle
Skeletal Muscle Ventricle: autologous skeletal muscle that is wrapped around the heart and electrically stimulated in order to provide mechanical heart assistance. the latissimus dorsi muscle is commonly used to form this ventricle that functions to independently augment cardiac performance by pumping in series with the heart
Skeletal dysplasia coarse facies mental retardation: short stature, abnormal face, skeletal deformities, and progressive mental retardation
Skeleton: the rigid framework of connected bones that gives form to the body, protects and supports its soft organs and tissues, and provides attachments for muscles
Skiing: a snow sport which uses skis to glide over the snow. it does not include water-skiing
Skilled Nursing Facilities: extended care facilities which provide skilled nursing care or rehabilitation services for inpatients on a daily basis
Skin: the outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. it is composed of the dermis and the epidermis
Skin Aging: the process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. it may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight
Skin Care: maintenance of the hygienic state of the skin under optimal conditions of cleanliness and comfort. effective in skin care are proper washing, bathing, cleansing, and the use of soaps, detergents, oils, etc. in various disease states, therapeutic and protective solutions and ointments are useful. the care of the skin is particularly important in various occupations, in exposure to sunlight, in neonates, and in pressure ulcer
Skin Diseases, Eczematous: any of a variety of eruptive skin disorders characterized by erythema, oozing, vesiculation, and scaling. etiology is varied
Skin Diseases, Genetic: diseases of the skin with a genetic component, usually the result of various inborn errors of metabolism
Skin Diseases, Infectious: skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses
Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous: a group of dermatoses with distinct morphologic features. the primary lesion is most commonly a papule, usually erythematous, with a variable degree of scaling on the surface. plaques form through the coalescing of primary lesions
Skin Diseases, Parasitic: skin diseases caused by arthropods; helminths; or other parasites
Skin Diseases, Vascular: skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area
Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous: skin diseases characterized by local or general distributions of blisters. they are classified according to the site and mode of blister formation. lesions can appear spontaneously or be precipitated by infection, trauma, or sunlight. etiologies include immunologic and genetic factors. (from scientific american medicine, 1990)
Skin Irritancy Tests: tests or bioassays that measure the skin sensitization potential of various chemicals
Skin Lightening Preparations: substances used to obtain a lighter skin complexion or to treat hyperpigmentation disorders