NLK-NML/MeSH-CZ-2025-notes huggingface dataset:
Exostoses: benign hypertrophy that projects outward from the surface of bone, often containing a cartilaginous component
Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary: hereditary disorder transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene and characterized by multiple exostoses (multiple osteochondromas) near the ends of long bones. the genetic abnormality results in a defect in the osteoclastic activity at the metaphyseal ends of the bone during the remodeling process in childhood or early adolescence. the metaphyses develop benign, bony outgrowths often capped by cartilage. a small number undergo neoplastic transformation
Exostosin 1: a bifunctional glycosyltransferase involved in transferring glucuronic acid and n-acetylglucosamine in the elongation of heparan sulfate chains. mutations in the gene ext1, coding for this protein (as well as mutations in other genes), are responsible for defects in heparan sulfate synthesis resulting in hereditary multiple exostoses. exostosin-1, along with exostosin-2, is a component of heparan sulfate polymerase
Exostosin 2: a bifunctional glycosyltransferase involved in transferring glucuronic acid and n-acetylglucosamine in the elongation of heparan sulfate chains. mutations in the gene ext2, coding for this protein (as well as mutations in other genes), are responsible for defects in heparan sulfate synthesis resulting in chromosome 11-linked hereditary multiple exostoses. exostosin 2, along with exostosin 1, is a component of heparan sulfate polymerase
Exostosin Glycosyltransferase Family: glycosyltransferases involved in the elongation of heparan sulfate chains. mutations in exostosin genes are associated with hereditary multiple exostoses
Exotoxins: toxins produced, especially by bacterial or fungal cells, and released into the culture medium or environment
Exotropia: a form of ocular misalignment where the visual axes diverge inappropriately. for example, medial rectus muscle weakness may produce this condition as the affected eye will deviate laterally upon attempted forward gaze. an exotropia occurs due to the relatively unopposed force exerted on the eye by the lateral rectus muscle, which pulls the eye in an outward direction
Expectorants: agents that increase mucous excretion. mucolytic agents, that is drugs that liquefy mucous secretions, are also included here
Expert Systems: computer programs based on knowledge developed from consultation with experts on a problem, and the processing and/or formalizing of this knowledge using these programs in such a manner that the problems may be solved
Expert Testimony: presentation of pertinent data by one with special skill or knowledge representing mastery of a particular subject
Expiratory Reserve Volume: the extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. common abbreviation is erv
Exploratory Behavior: the tendency to explore or investigate a novel environment. it is considered a motivation not clearly distinguishable from curiosity
Explosions: sudden, violent, and often destructive expansion of gases which propagates energy outward, such as a shock wave, ejecting fragments and debris at high velocities
Explosive Agents: substances that are energetically unstable and can produce a sudden expansion of the material, called an explosion, which is accompanied by heat, pressure and noise. other things which have been described as explosive that are not included here are explosive action of laser heating, human performance, sudden epidemiological outbreaks, or fast cell growth
Exportin 1 Protein: a karyopherin that functions in nuclear export of proteins and several classes of rnas
Exposome: the measure of all the exposures of an individual from all sources, including environmental and occupational sources, in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health. (from https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/exposome/ on 06/06/2019)
Expressed Emotion: a measurement of collective behavior and attitudes that exist towards a specific person-a measurement of the social environment or social relationships of an individual
Expressed Sequence Tags: partial cdna (dna, complementary) sequences that are unique to the cdnas from which they were derived
Expression of Concern: a notification about the integrity of a published article that is typically written by an editor and should be labelled prominently in the item title. it is the responsibility of the editor to initiate appropriate investigative procedures, discover the outcome of the investigation, and notify readers of that outcome in a subsequent published item. the outcome may require the publication of a retraction notice
Exrheudon-salbe: combination ointment used in rheumatism therapy; contains nicotinic acid benzyl ester, capsicin, monoglycosalicylate, menthylsalicylate
Exteins: the (external protein) sequences flanking inteins, which are internal fragments of precursor proteins removed by protein splicing. concomitantly, as the inteins are excised, the exteins are ligated to form mature proteins
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampin and at least three of the six main classes of second-line drugs (aminoglycosides; polypeptide agents; fluoroquinolones; thioamides; cycloserine; and para-aminosalicylic acid) as defined by the cdc
External Capsule: thin layer of white matter mostly of gabaergic neurons located between the putamen and the claustrum
External Fixators: external devices which hold wires or pins that are placed through one or both cortices of bone in order to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment. these devices allow easy access to wounds, adjustment during the course of healing, and more functional use of the limbs involved
Extinction, Psychological: the procedure of presenting the conditioned stimulus without reinforcement to an organism previously conditioned. it refers also to the diminution of a conditioned response resulting from this procedure
Extracellular Fluid: the fluid of the body that is outside of cells. it is the external environment for the cells
Extracellular Matrix: a meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. it promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere
Extracellular Matrix Proteins: macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. these macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. the two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., collagen; elastin; fibronectins; and laminin)
Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix: extracellular matrix formed by secreted polymeric organic compounds by microorganisms. this secreted compound is mostly polysaccharides but may include proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. the matrix facilitates attachment of microbes to form various biofilm communities
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases: a mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of meiosis; mitosis; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. the extracellular signal regulated map kinases are regulated by a broad variety of cell surface receptors and can be activated by certain carcinogens
Extracellular Space: interstitial space between cells, occupied by interstitial fluid as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. for organisms with a cell wall, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the cell membrane including the periplasm and the cell wall
Extracellular Traps: extracellular structure primarily composed of chromatin and associated proteases
Extracellular Vesicles: membrane limited structures derived from cell membranes and cytoplasmic material, and released into extracellular space. they circulate through the extracellular fluid and through the peripheral blood in the microvasculature where cells, much larger, cannot, thereby affecting a variety of intercellular communication processes
Extrachromosomal Inheritance: vertical transmission of hereditary characters by dna from cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria; chloroplasts; and plastids, or from plasmids or viral episomal dna
Extracorporeal Circulation: diversion of blood flow through a circuit located outside the body but continuous with the bodily circulation
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: application of a life support system that circulates the blood through an oxygenating system, which may consist of a pump, a membrane oxygenator, and a heat exchanger. examples of its use are to assist victims of smoke inhalation injury; respiratory failure; and cardiac failure
Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy: a nonsurgical treatment that uses either high-energy shock waves or low energy acoustic waves to treat various musculoskeletal conditions (e.g., plantar fasciitis; tennis elbow). a probe placed on the skin conducts the shock waves thereby delivering a mechanical force to the body's tissues
Extraction and Processing Industry: the industry concerned with the removal of raw materials from the earth's crust and with their conversion into refined products
Extraembryonic Membranes: the thin layers of tissue that surround the developing embryo. there are four extra-embryonic membranes commonly found in vertebrates, such as reptiles; birds; and mammals. they are the yolk sac, the allantois, the amnion, and the chorion. these membranes provide protection and means to transport nutrients and wastes
Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli: strains of escherichia coli that possess virulence traits which allow them to invade, colonize, and induce disease in tissues outside of the gastrointestinal tract. they are a cause of urinary tract infections (uropathogenic escherichia coli); neonatal meningitis; sepsis; pneumonia; and surgical wound infection
Extranodal Extension: a penetration of lymph node metastatic cells through the nodal capsule into the perinodal fatty tissue used in a tumor staging system (the tnm staging system)
Extraoral Traction Appliances: extraoral devices for applying force to the dentition in order to avoid some of the problems in anchorage control met with in intermaxillary traction and to apply force in directions not otherwise possible
Extrapyramidal Tracts: uncrossed tracts of motor nerves from the brain to the anterior horns of the spinal cord, involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control
Extraterrestrial Environment: the environment outside the earth or its atmosphere. the environment may refer to a closed cabin (such as a space shuttle or space station) or to space itself, the moon, or other planets
Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials: the escape of diagnostic or therapeutic material from the vessel into which it is introduced into the surrounding tissue or body cavity
Extravascular Lung Water: water content outside of the lung vasculature. about 80% of a normal lung is made up of water, including intracellular, interstitial, and blood water. failure to maintain the normal homeostatic fluid exchange between the vascular space and the interstitium of the lungs can result in pulmonary edema and flooding of the alveolar space
Extravehicular Activity: activities by crew members conducted outside the pressurized hull of a spacecraft
Extravillous Trophoblasts: differentiated trophoblast cells originally from trophoblastic cell columns of anchoring chorionic villi of the decidua basalis of the placenta. extravillous trophoblasts invade into the uterine structures, attaching the placenta to the uterus. they are also found in chorionic plate, myometrium, and spiral arteries
Extreme Cold: below normal weather temperatures that may lead to serious health problems. extreme cold is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people
Extreme Environments: an environment which falls outside the range of tolerance for the survival of organisms that are not specifically adapted to survive or thrive in it. examples of such environments are among the hottest and coldest places on earth
Extreme Heat: high temperature weather exceeding the average and of several days' duration. extreme heat is a dangerous situation that can bring on health emergencies in susceptible people
Extreme Learning Machines: a feedforward neural network designed with a single layer hidden node where the weights between inputs and hidden nodes are randomly assigned. extreme learning machines can be trained fast and used for the data clustering, grouping, regression, prediction, and forecasting
Extreme Weather: events that have extreme values of important meteorological variables. extreme is generally defined as either taking maximum values or exceedance above pre-existing high thresholds. such events are generally rare; for example, extreme wind speeds exceeding the 100-year return value, which have a probability of only 0.01 of occurring in any particular year. (stephenson, 2008)
Extremities: the farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the hand and foot
Exudates and Transudates: exudates are fluids, cells, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from blood vessels usually from inflamed tissues. transudates are fluids that pass through a membrane or squeeze through tissue or into the extracellular space of tissues. transudates are thin and watery and contain few cells or proteins
Exudative Vitreoretinopathy 4: associated with mutations in lrp5
Exudative Vitreoretinopathy 5: associated with mutations in tspan12
Eye: the organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light
Eye Abnormalities: congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary
Eye Burns: injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation
Eye Diseases, Hereditary: transmission of gene defects or chromosomal aberrations/abnormalities which are expressed in extreme variation in the structure or function of the eye. these may be evident at birth, but may be manifested later with progression of the disorder
Eye Enucleation: the surgical removal of the eyeball leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact
Eye Evisceration: the surgical removal of the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact. it should be differentiated from orbit evisceration which removes the entire contents of the orbit, including eyeball, blood vessels, muscles, fat, nerve supply, and periosteum
Eye Infections: infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness
Eye Infections, Bacterial: infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. some of the more common genera found are haemophilus, neisseria, staphylococcus, streptococcus, and chlamydia
Eye Infections, Fungal: infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses
Eye Infections, Parasitic: mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites
Eye Infections, Viral: infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. these infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. among these are herpesvirus, adenovirus, poxvirus, and myxovirus
Eye Injuries: damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. the concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries
Eye Injuries, Penetrating: deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries
Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing: a technique that induces the processing of disturbing memories and experiences, by stimulating neural mechanisms that are similar to those activated during rem sleep. the technique consists of eye movements following side-to-side movements of the index and middle fingers, or the alternate tapping of the hands on the knees. this procedure triggers the processing of information, thus facilitating the connection of neural networks
Eye Pain: a dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes
Eye Protective Devices: personal devices for protection of the eyes from impact, flying objects, glare, liquids, or injurious radiation
Eye, Artificial: a ready-made or custom-made prosthesis of glass or plastic shaped and colored to resemble the anterior portion of a normal eye and used for cosmetic reasons. it is attached to the anterior portion of an orbital implant (orbital implants) which is placed in the socket of an enucleated or eviscerated eye. (from dorland, 28th ed)
Eye-Tracking Technology: techniques used for eye movement measurements, which capture and measure a person's eye movement and/or eye gaze
Eyeglasses: a pair of ophthalmic lenses in a frame or mounting which is supported by the nose and ears. the purpose is to aid or improve vision. it does not include goggles or nonprescription sun glasses for which eye protective devices is available
Eyelids: each of the upper and lower folds of skin which cover the eye when closed
Ezetimibe: an azetidine derivative and anticholesteremic agent that inhibits intestinal sterol absorption. it is used to reduce total cholesterol; ldl cholesterol, and apolipoproteins b in the treatment of hyperlipidemias
Ezetimibe, Simvastatin Drug Combination: a pharmaceutical preparation of ezetimibe and simvastatin that is used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemias
F 14001: contains a patented extract of barley plant at a strength of 1% in a cetomacrogol cream base
F 3500: a polymer of mw 3500; synthesized from polyoxyethylene bis(acetic acid) and aminobenzolamide
F Factor: a plasmid whose presence in the cell, either extrachromosomal or integrated into the bacterial chromosome, determines the sex of the bacterium, host chromosome mobilization, transfer via conjugation (conjugation, genetic) of genetic material, and the formation of sex pili
F faktor: plazmid, jehož přítomnost v bakteriální buňce umožňuje procesem konjugace přenést část své genetické výbavy do druhé bakterie. f-faktor může být také součástí hlavního chromozomu. geny f faktoru determinují tvorbu fimbrií (f-pili) na povrchu buňky, které umožňují kontakt mezi bakteriemi. f+ bakterie se specificky naváže na povrch recipientní bakterie a přenese do ní jedno vlákno svého f-plazmidu. druhý řetězec se poté v obou bakteriích syntetizuje. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2021 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
F-11 lubricant: a russian lubricant used in synthetic fibers industry for the polyamide fibers processing; contains polyethylene glycol ethers of oleic acid & non-ionic surface active agents
F-Box Motifs: protein structural motifs that play a role in protein-protein binding. the motifs are comprised of approximately 50 residues. their name derives from the fact that they were found in cyclin f
F-Box Proteins: a family of proteins that share the f-box motif and are involved in protein-protein interactions. they play an important role in the process of protein ubiquition by associating with a variety of substrates and then associating into scf ubiquitin ligase complexes. they are held in the ubiquitin-ligase complex via binding to skp domain proteins
F-Box a WD repetice obsahující protein 7: složka ubikvitinligázy scf(fbw7), která obsahuje motiv f-boxu a několik wd repetic. rozpoznává a váže fosforylované signály v několika proteinech zapojených do buněčné proliferace a navádí je do komplexu scf k ubikvitinaci. mezi cíle patří cyklin e, protoonkogenní proteiny c-jun, protoonkogenní proteiny c-myc a mitogenem aktivované proteinkinázy jnk
F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7: a component of scf(fbw7) ubiquitin ligase that contains an f-box motif and multiple wd repeats. it recognizes and binds phosphorylated signals in several proteins involved in cell proliferation and targets them to the scf complex for ubiquitination. targets include cyclin e; proto-oncogene proteins c-jun; proto-oncogene proteins c-myc; and jnk mitogen-activated protein kinases
F-FOMi protocol: chemotherapy regimen that contains leucovorin, flourouracil, vincristine & mitomycin; used for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
F-MACHOP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above 7 cpds; used in treatment of non-hodgkin's lymphomas
F-box motivy: proteinové strukturní motivy, které umožňují vazbu protein-protein. motivy jsou tvořeny přibližně padesáti aminokyselinovými zbytky. poprvé identifikovány v cyklinu f, odtud je odvozený jejich název
F2-Isoprostanes: isoprostanes derived from the free radical oxidation of arachidonic acid. although similar in structure to enzymatically synthesized prostaglandin f2alpha (dinoprost), they occur through non-enzymatic oxidation of cell membrane lipids
FAC-MV protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above 6 cpds; used in treatment of breast cancer
FACES syndrome: facial features (unique), anorexia, cachexia, eye and skin anomalies
FADIP protocol: a chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above compounds; used in the treatment of adult soft tissue sarcoma
FAM II protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of doxorubicin, tegafur & mitomycin
FAM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of doxorubicin, fluorouracil & mitomycin; used in treatment of neoplasms
FAM-S protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of doxorubicin, fluorouracil, streptozocin & mitomycin
FAMMe protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in treatment of gastrointestinal neoplasms
FAMP protocol: chemotherapy protocol; consists of above 4 cpds; used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma
FAMe protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
FAN regimen: a chemotherapy regimen consisting of fluorouracil, doxorubicin and vinorelbine ; used for treatment of metastatic breast cancer
FANFT: a potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. it causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria
FAP regimen: chemotherapy protocol containing uft, doxorubicin, & cisplatin; used in treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer
FAP2 protocol: chemotherapy protocol containing cisplatin, fluorouracil & pirarubicin in treatment of patients with advanced and recurrent gastric cancer
FAPEL protocol: a chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above compounds; used for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
FAPG base: new topical vehicle for dermatological use; contains propylene glycol, stearyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol
FAST vyšetření: rychlé ultrazvukové vyšetření na detekci volné tekutiny v dutině břišní, hrudní a perikardu. představuje vstupní vyšetření u traumatizovaného pacienta při urgentním příjmu
FB-NH-PEG4-E(PEG4-c(RGDfK))2: a pet tracer for tumor imaging
FBM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of fludarabine (vidarabine/aa), carmustine & melphalan; used for reduced conditioning for rapid achievement of complete donor chimerism and low regimen-related toxicity after llogeneic transplantation
FBXW7-AS1 non-coding RNA, human: refseq nr_104273
FCT protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of fotemustine (nitrosourea cpds), cisplatin and high dose tamoxifen for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma
FD2 dendrimer: inhibits biofilm formation by pseudomonas aeruginosa
FDE protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds used for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors
FEC protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of fluorouracil, epirubicin & cyclophosphamide
FEM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, & mitomycin c; used in treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma
FEMP protocol: a chemotherapy protocol consisting of cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil prednisolone & mitomycin
FEMTX protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above compounds; used in the treatment of non-resectable gastric cancer
FEMTX-P protocol: chemotharapy protocol consisting of high-dose methotrexate & 5-fluorouracil, alternated with epirubicin & cisplatin; used in treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma
FEN protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above compounds, as first-line chemotherapy, is an active and well-tolerated treatment for patients with advanced breast cancer
FEP protocol: chemotherapy protocol containing uft, etoposide, & cisplatin; used in treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer
FEPA protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of uft, etoposide, cisplatin, & doxorubicin; used in treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer
FERM Domains: widely occuring protein domains that function to link signaling and cytoskeletal proteins to the plasma membrane. they occur mostly at the n-terminal region of proteins that contain them
FERM domény: široce rozšířené proteinové domény zodpovědné za vazbu signálních a cytoskeletálních proteinů k plazmatické membráně. většinou jsou umístěny na n-konci proteinů
FFG protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of leucovorin, fluorouracil & gemcitabine (deoxycytidine/aa); used in the treatment of solid tumor malignancies
FIB-P protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in salvage chemotherapy in heavily pretreated breast cancer patients
FIGLU Test: a urine test for formiminoglutamic acid, an intermediate metabolite in l-histidine catabolism in the conversion of l-histidine to l-glutamic acid. it may be an indicator of vitamin b12 or folic acid deficiency or liver disease
FIGLU test: test moči na formiminoglutamovou kyselinu, průběžný metabolit l-histidinového katabolismu za probíhající konverze l-histidinu na l-glutamovou kyselinu. může indikovat nedostatek vitamínu b12 či kyseliny listové nebo nemoci jater
FIM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of fluorouracil, ifosfamide, and mitomycin c; used in treatment of pancreatic-biliary cancer
FIVB+P protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above cpds; used in treatment of patients with metastasizing carcinoma of the breast
FLAG protocol: a chemotherapy protocol consisting of fludarabine, cytosine arabinoside & gcsf; used in the treatment of acute-phase chronic myeloid leukemia
FLAM regimen: chemotherapy protocol consisting of the vidarabine derivative fludarabine plus the other compounds above; used for treatment of acute leukemia and the blastic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia
FLANG protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of the vidarabine derivative fludarabine plus the other compounds above; used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia
FLAP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above compounds; used in treatment of hepatocellular cancer
FLEC protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above compounds; used for treatment unresectable pancreatic cancer
FLEP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above compounds; used in treatment of gastric cancer; do not confuse with flep regimen
FLEP regimen: a chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above compounds; used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the oesophagus; do not confuse with flep protocol
FLIDA protocol: combination of fludarabine, idarubicin and prednisone tested for treatment of low-grade non-hodgkin lymphoma
FLMP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in treatmen of advanced recurrent gastric cancer
FLNA protein, human: np_001104026.1. nm_001110556.1. np_001447.2. nm_001456.3
FLNB protein, human: np_001157789.1. , nm_001164317.1.,np_001157790.1
FLNC protein, human: np_001120959.1. nm_001127487.1., np_001449.3. nm_001458.4
FLOTCH syndrome: familial occurrence of total leukonychia, trichilemmal cysts and ciliary dystrophy with dominant autosomal heredity
FLU-ID regimen: chemotherapy protocol consisting of fludarabine and idarubicin; used in treatment of mantle cell lymphomas
FLU1 protein, Candida albicans: flu - fluconazole resistance; a multidrug efflux transporter of the major facilitator superfamily from candida albicans conferring resistance to fluconazole; has been sequenced
FLUDAP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above compounds and fludarabine phosphate for the treatment of relapsed/refractory aggressive non-hodgkin's lymphoma
FMB protocol: chemotherapy regimen consisting of above cpds; used to treat patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer
FMC protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above cpds; used in treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma
FME protocol: chemotherapy protocol containing the above cpds; used in treatment of patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of stomach
FMI protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in treatment of colorectal cancer
FML protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of fluorouracil, lentinan & mitomycin
FMN Reductase: an enzyme that utilizes nadh or nadph to reduce flavins. it is involved in a number of biological processes that require reduced flavin for their functions such as bacterial bioluminescence. formerly listed as ec 1.6.8.1 and ec 1.5.1.29
FMN regimen: a chemotherapy protocol consisting of navelbine, mitoxantrone and 5-fluorouracil; used for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer
FMN-reduktasa: enzym, který využívá nadh nebo nadph k redukci flavinů. podílí se na řadě biologických procesů, které pro své funkce vyžadují redukovaný flavin, jako je například bakteriální bioluminiscence. dříve byl klasifikován jako ec 1.6.8.1 a ec 1.5.1.29
FMP protocol: a chemotherapy protocol consisting of cisplatin, fluorouracil & mitomycin
FMP regimen: a chemotherapy regimen consisting of fludarabine, mitoxantrone and prednisone; used for the treatment of recurrent low-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma
FMRFamide: a molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive sodium channels. (from nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3)
FMT protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of fluorouracil, me-ccnu, triazinate; used in therapy of colorectal cancer
FMVMP regimen: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in therapy of prostatic neoplasms
FND protocol: a chemotherapy protocol consisting of fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and dexamethasone; used for treatment of lymphoma
FOAM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of doxorubicin, fluorouracil, vincristine & mitomycin
FODMAP Diet: a type of elimination diet restricting from foods with fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, to help determine if specific foods containing these carbohydrates are triggering symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
FOLFOX2-3 regimen: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer; appears in print as folfox2/3
FOLFOXIRI protocol: folfoxiri (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) protocol for treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer
FOLFUGEM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of gemcitabine (deoxycytidine/aa) & other two cpds for the treatment of advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma
FOM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in treatment of lung neoplasms
FONP protocol: combination of at-1258, vincristine, fluorouracil and procarbazine; used in therapy of oat cell carcinoma
FP protocol: a chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above compounds; used in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
FP1 peptide, MERS-CoV: peptide sequence saiedllfdk
FP1 peptide, SARS-CoV-2: peptide sequence sfiedllfnk
FPEPIR regimen: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above compounds; used in treatment of advanced solid cancers
FRALLE 93 protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above compounds for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
FS Paste: an endodontic sealer containing diisobutyl orthocresol iodinate, barium sulfate, zinc oxide, triiodomethane, calcium hydroxide, and zinc acetate
FSM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above 3 cpds; has been used in therapy of pancreatic cancer
FSR16m synthetic protein: trimeric proteins composed of darpin sr16m fused with c-terminal domain of t4 fibritin (foldon) and exhibits neutralization of sars-cov-2
FSR22 synthetic protein: trimeric proteins composed of darpin sr22 fused with c-terminal domain of t4 fibritin (foldon) and exhibit neutralization of sars-cov-2
FTM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of 5-fluorouracil, pirarubicin, and mitomycin c; used in treatment of nonoperable gastric cancer
FTP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin & thp-adm (pirarubicin); used in treatment of advanced gastric cancer
FUDRAM protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of doxorubicin, floxuridine & mitomycin
FUFOX regimen: chemotherapy regimen consisting of fluorouracil, folinic acid & oxaliplatin for treatment of metastatic gastric cancer
FUVA protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of the above cpds; used in treatment of breast cancer
FVP protocol: chemotherapy protocol consisting of above cpds; used in treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Fabaceae: obsáhlá čeleď dvouděložných rostlin z řádu bobotvaré (fabales). mají široké hospodářské využití: plody jako potraviny, květy ve farmaceutickém průmyslu, zbytky po sklizni jako zelené hnojení, přičemž většina komerčně pěstovaných rostlin může plnit dvě nebo více rolí najednou. bobovité rostliny jsou známé symbiózou s hlízkovitými bakteriemi rodu rhizobium, které mají schopnost vázat dusík. některé druhy jsou jedovaté. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Fabaceae: the large family of plants characterized by pods. some are edible and some cause lathyrism or favism and other forms of poisoning. other species yield useful materials like gums from acacia and various lectins like phytohemagglutinins from phaseolus. many of them harbor nitrogen fixation bacteria on their roots. many but not all species of beans belong to this family
Fabavirus: a genus of the family comoviridae with a wide host range among dicotyledons and some monocotyledons. they are transmitted nonpersistently by aphids. the type species is broad bean wilt virus 1
Fabavirus: rod virů čeledi secoviridae s širokým hostitelským spektrem dvouděložných a některých jednoděložných rostlin. jsou přenášeny neperzistentně mšicemi. typovým druhem je broad bean wilt virus 1
Fabry Disease: an x-linked inherited metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase a. it is characterized by intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide and other glycosphingolipids in blood vessels throughout the body leading to multi-system complications including renal, cardiac, cerebrovascular, and skin disorders
Fabry Disease, Cardiac Variant: a form of fabry disease characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy that occurs in the sixth decade of life. it is associated with specific mutations, including q279e and r301q, in the gla (alpha-galactosidase) gene. omim: 300644.0008
Fabryho nemoc: dědičné onemocnění metabolismu lipidů charakteru tezaurózy, spočívající v deficitu alfa-galaktosidázy. dědičnost je vázaná na x chromozom. sfingolipidy se ukládají do endotelu cév, zejm. cév (provázejících periferní nervy, dále v glomerulech a v myokardu). onemocnění se manifestuje u chlapců v adolescentním věku záchvaty bolestí končetin (akroparestezie), kožní erupcí v okolí hýždí a typickými angiokeratomy. později dochází k renálnímu selhání a srdečním komplikacím (mitrální insuficience, ischemie, trombózy vč. mozkových příhod), které mohou ve středním věku být příčinou úmrtí. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2018 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz)
Face: the anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw
Facial Bones: the facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. while some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid (hyoid bone), palatine (hard palate), and zygomatic (zygoma) bones, mandible, and maxilla, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (jablonski, dictionary of dentistry, 1992, p113)
Facial Dysmorphism with Multiple Malformations: a hereditary autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by muscular atrophy and multiple abnormalities affecting facial structures and other organs. death usually occurs in utero or in the first few months after birth. omim: 227255
Facial Hemiatrophy: a syndrome characterized by slowly progressive unilateral atrophy of facial subcutaneous fat, muscle tissue, skin, cartilage, and bone. the condition typically progresses over a period of 2-10 years and then stabilizes
Facial Hemihypertrophy: a congenital autosomal dominant abnormality characterized by asymmetry of the mandible, hypoplasia of the maxilla, and dental malocclusion. omim: 133900
Facial Injuries: general or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face
Facial Muscles: muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (from stedman, 25th ed)
Facial Nerve: the 7th cranial nerve. the facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and salivary glands, and convey afferent information for taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and for touch from the external ear
Facial Nerve Diseases: diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. the nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation
Facial Nerve Injuries: traumatic injuries to the facial nerve. this may result in facial paralysis, decreased lacrimation and salivation, and loss of taste sensation in the anterior tongue. the nerve may regenerate and reform its original pattern of innervation, or regenerate aberrantly, resulting in inappropriate lacrimation in response to gustatory stimuli (e.g., crocodile tears) and other syndromes
Facial Neuralgia: neuralgic syndromes which feature chronic or recurrent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease. disorders of the trigeminal and facial nerves are frequently associated with these conditions
Facial Nucleus: a region in the pontine tegmentum that is the nucleus of the facial nerve
Facial Pain: pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as facial pain syndromes
Facial Paralysis: severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. this condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. damage to cns motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. facial nerve diseases generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. neuromuscular junction diseases and muscular diseases may also cause facial paralysis or paresis
Facial Transplantation: the transference between individuals of the entire face or major facial structures. in addition to the skin and cartilaginous tissue (cartilage), it may include muscle and bone as well
Facies: the appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of williams syndrome or facies of down syndrome. (random house unabridged dictionary, 2d ed)
Facilitated Diffusion: the passive movement of molecules exceeding the rate expected by simple diffusion. no energy is expended in the process. it is achieved by the introduction of passively diffusing molecules to an enviroment or path that is more favorable to the movement of those molecules. examples of facilitated diffusion are passive transport of hydrophilic substances across a lipid membrane through hydrophilic pores that traverse the membrane, and the sliding of a dna binding protein along a strand of dna
Facilitated Tucking: a method of soothing premature infants during postnatal care. it involves holding the infant's arms and legs in flexed positions close to the midline of the torso
Facilities and Services Utilization: extent of use of facilities or services. it includes overuse and underuse
Facility Design and Construction: architecture, exterior and interior design, and construction of facilities other than hospitals, e.g., dental schools, medical schools, ambulatory care clinics, and specified units of health care facilities. the concept also includes architecture, design, and construction of specialized contained, controlled, or closed research environments including those of space labs and stations
Facility Regulation and Control: formal voluntary or governmental procedures and standards required of hospitals and health or other facilities to improve operating efficiency, and for the protection of the consumer
Factitious Disorders: disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are not real, genuine, or natural
Factor 8 deficiency, acquired: an acquired form of hemophilia a that general occurs in people over the age of 60. it is caused by autoimmunity against factor viii
Factor Analysis, Statistical: a set of statistical methods for analyzing the correlations among several variables in order to estimate the number of fundamental dimensions that underlie the observed data and to describe and measure those dimensions. it is used frequently in the development of scoring systems for rating scales and questionnaires
Factor For Inversion Stimulation Protein: a highly abundant dna binding protein whose expression is strongly correlated with the growth phase of bacteria. the protein plays a role in regulating dna topology and activation of ribosomal rna transcription. it was originally identified as a factor required for inversion stimulation by the hin recombinase of salmonella and gin site-specific recombinase of bacteriophage mu
Factor IX: storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. its activated form, ixa, forms a complex with factor viii and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor x to xa. deficiency of factor ix results in hemophilia b (christmas disease)
Factor IXa: activated form of factor ix. this activation can take place via the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by the action of factor xia and calcium, or via the extrinsic pathway by the action of factor viia, thromboplastin, and calcium. factor ixa serves to activate factor x to xa by cleaving the arginyl-leucine peptide bond in factor x
Factor V: heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. factor v accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). deficiency of factor v leads to owren's disease
Factor V Deficiency: a deficiency of blood coagulation factor v (known as proaccelerin or accelerator globulin or labile factor) leading to a rare hemorrhagic tendency known as owren's disease or parahemophilia. it varies greatly in severity. factor v deficiency is an autosomal recessive trait. (dorland, 27th ed)
Factor VII: heat- and storage-stable plasma protein that is activated by tissue thromboplastin to form factor viia in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. the activated form then catalyzes the activation of factor x to factor xa
Factor VII Deficiency: an autosomal recessive characteristic or a coagulation disorder acquired in association with vitamin k deficiency. factor vii is a vitamin k dependent glycoprotein essential to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation
Factor VIII: factor viii of blood coagulation. antihemophilic factor that is part of the factor viii/von willebrand factor complex. factor viii is produced in the liver and acts in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. it serves as a cofactor in factor x activation and this action is markedly enhanced by small amounts of thrombin
Factor VIIIa: activated form of factor viii. the b-domain of factor viii is proteolytically cleaved by thrombin to form factor viiia. factor viiia exists as a non-covalent dimer in a metal-linked (probably calcium) complex and functions as a cofactor in the enzymatic activation of factor x by factor ixa. factor viiia is similar in structure and generation to factor va
Factor VIIa: activated form of factor vii. factor viia activates factor x in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation
Factor Va: activated form of factor v. it is an essential cofactor for the activation of prothrombin catalyzed by factor xa
Factor X: storage-stable glycoprotein blood coagulation factor that can be activated to factor xa by both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. a deficiency of factor x, sometimes called stuart-prower factor deficiency, may lead to a systemic coagulation disorder
Factor X Deficiency: blood coagulation disorder usually inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, though it can be acquired. it is characterized by defective activity in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, impaired thromboplastin time, and impaired prothrombin consumption
Factor XI: stable blood coagulation factor involved in the intrinsic pathway. the activated form xia activates factor ix to ixa. deficiency of factor xi is often called hemophilia c
Factor XI Deficiency: a hereditary deficiency of blood coagulation factor xi (also known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent or pta or antihemophilic factor c) resulting in a systemic blood-clotting defect called hemophilia c or rosenthal's syndrome, that may resemble classical hemophilia
Factor XII: stable blood coagulation factor activated by contact with the subendothelial surface of an injured vessel. along with prekallikrein, it serves as the contact factor that initiates the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. kallikrein activates factor xii to xiia. deficiency of factor xii, also called the hageman trait, leads to increased incidence of thromboembolic disease. mutations in the gene for factor xii that appear to increase factor xii amidolytic activity are associated with hereditary angioedema type iii
Factor XII Deficiency: an absence or reduced level of blood coagulation factor xii. it normally occurs in the absence of patient or family history of hemorrhagic disorders and is marked by prolonged clotting time
Factor XIII: a fibrin-stabilizing plasma enzyme (transglutaminases) that is activated by thrombin and calcium to form factor xiiia. it is important for stabilizing the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) which culminates the coagulation cascade
Factor XIII Deficiency: a deficiency of blood coagulation factor xiii or fibrin stabilizing factor (fsf) that prevents blood clot formation and results in a clinical hemorrhagic diathesis
Factor XIIIa: activated form of factor xiii, a transglutaminase, which stabilizes the formation of the fibrin polymer (clot) culminating the blood coagulation cascade