NLK-NML/MeSH-CZ-2025-notes huggingface dataset:
Secondary Data Analysis: analysis or reanalysis of existing data collected by someone else usually for a different purpose
Secondary Metabolism: a physiochemical process which occurs in a wide range of organisms which unlike basal metabolism is not required for or essential to short-term survivability but to long-term general well-being of the organism
Secondary Prevention: the prevention of recurrences or exacerbations of a disease or complications of its therapy
Secosteroids: steroids in which fission of one or more ring structures and concomitant addition of a hydrogen atom at each terminal group has occurred
Secoviridae: a family of non-enveloped rna plant viruses, transmitted by biological vectors and experimentally by mechanical inoculation. subfamily comovirinae includes all members of old taxonomic family comoviridae: comovirus; fabavirus; and nepovirus
Secoviridae: čeleď neobalených rostlinných rna-virů, které jsou přenášeny biologickými vektory a experimentálně mechanickou inokulací. podčeleď comovirinae obsahuje všechny zástupce staré čeledi comoviridae: comovirus, fabavirus a nepovirus
Secretagogins: secretagogins are ef hand motif-containing calcium-binding proteins that are involved in early neuronal migration and neurogenesis. they are also present in many adult organs and in brain and endocrine neoplasms
Secreted Aspartic Proteases: enzymes that are produced and secreted by organisms, including bacterial and fungi.they are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as nutrient acquisition, pathogenesis of candida, and host tissue invasion
Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins: soluble and secreted frizzled-related proteins which function as modulators of wnt signaling pathway
Secretin: a peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (usan and the usp dictionary of drug names, 1994, p597)
Secretoglobins: a structurally related family of small, multimeric proteins that are secreted in the mucosa of mammalian epithelial tissues. a variety of proteins are classed under this heading including some secretoglobin subtypes that appear unique to a particular mammalian species, and others whose functions differ between species
Secretogranin II: a type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in the anterior pituitary gland. it is found in several species including human, rat, mouse, and others. secretogranin ii is an acidic protein of 559 to 586 amino acid residues that can stimulate dopamine release from neurons and release of pituitary gonadotropins
Secretome: the set of all the soluble factors and extracellular vesicles secreted into the extracellular space by cells, or an organ or organism. in some studies the secretome only refers to the proteins secreted into the extracellular space
Secretory Component: the extracellular moiety of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor found alone or complexed with iga or igm, in a variety of external secretions (tears, bile, colostrum.) secretory component is derived by proteolytic cleavage of the receptor during transcytosis. when immunoglobulins iga and igm are bound to the receptor, during their transcytosis secretory component becomes covalently attached to them generating secretory immunoglobulin a or secretory immunoglobulin m
Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor: a proteinase inhibitor found in various bodily secretions that coat mucosal surfaces such as seminal plasma; cervical mucus; and bronchial secretions. it plays a role in protecting epithelial tissues from leukocyte-derived serine proteases such as neutrophil elastase
Secretory Pathway: a series of sequential intracellular steps involved in the transport of proteins (such as hormones and enzymes) from the site of synthesis to outside the cell. the pathway involves membrane-bound compartments through which the newly synthesized proteins undergo post-translational modifications, packaging, storage, or transportation to the plasma membrane for secretion
Secretory Rate: the amount of a substance secreted by cells or by a specific organ or organism over a given period of time; usually applies to those substances which are formed by glandular tissues and are released by them into biological fluids, e.g., secretory rate of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex, secretory rate of gastric acid by the gastric mucosa
Secretory Vesicles: vesicles derived from the golgi apparatus containing material to be released at the cell surface
Secretory breast carcinoma: a rare, low grade invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast characterized by the presence of cells that secrete milk-like material
Secularism: indifference to, or rejection of, religion or religious considerations. (from merriam-webster's collegiate dictionary, 10th ed)
Securidaca: a plant genus of the family polygalaceae that contains securiosides and indole alkaloids
Securidaca: rod rostlin čeledi polygalaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují sekuriosidy a indolové alkaloidy
Securin: securin is involved in the control of the metaphase-anaphase transition during mitosis. it promotes the onset of anaphase by blocking separase function and preventing proteolysis of cohesin and separation of sister chromatids. overexpression of securin is associated with neoplastic cell transformation and tumor formation
Securinega: a plant genus of the family euphorbiaceae, order malpighiales. members contain securinine and virosecurinine compounds
Sedentary Behavior: behaviors during waking hours that have low energy expenditure and are often performed in a sitting or reclining posture
Sedum: a plant genus of the family crassulaceae. some species in this genus are called stonecrop which is also a common name for rhodiola
Seed Bank: a repository of seeds maintained under optimal conditions that ensure long term storage, intended for use as a source of replenishment of seed stock or plant genetic material
Seed Dispersal: the various physical methods which include wind, insects, animals, tension, and water, by which a plant scatters its seeds away from the parent plant
Seed Storage Proteins: one or more types of plant seed proteins providing the large amounts of amino acids utilized in germination and seedling growth. as seeds are the major food source from agricultural crops, seed storage proteins are a major source of dietary proteins
Seeds: the encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. they are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield
Seemanova Lesny syndrome: x-linked microcephaly, microphthalmia, microcornea, congenital cataract, hypogenitalism, mental deficiency, growth retardation, spasticity
Segmental Duplications, Genomic: low-copy (2-50) repetitive dna elements that are highly homologous and range in size from 1000 to 400,000 base pairs
Segmental glomerulosclerosis: a pathologic finding in several renal disorders that manifest clinically as proteinuria and progressive decline in renal function. some patients develop nephrotic syndrome (omim: 256300), but others may only have proteinuria in the nephrotic syndrome range. autosomal dominant mutations in the actn4 gene have been identified in some cases. omim: 603278
Seizures: clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. recurrent seizures are usually referred to as epilepsy or seizure disorder
Seizures, Febrile: seizures that occur during a febrile episode. it is a common condition, affecting 2-5% of children aged 3 months to five years. an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has been identified in some families. the majority are simple febrile seizures (generally defined as generalized onset, single seizures with a duration of less than 30 minutes). complex febrile seizures are characterized by focal onset, duration greater than 30 minutes, and/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period. the likelihood of developing epilepsy (i.e., a nonfebrile seizure disorder) following simple febrile seizures is low. complex febrile seizures are associated with a moderately increased incidence of epilepsy. (from menkes, textbook of child neurology, 5th ed, p784)
Selaginellaceae: a plant family of the order selaginellales, class lycopodiopsida, division lycopodiophyta, subkingdom tracheophyta. members contain bilobetin. the rarely used common name of resurrection plant is mainly used with craterostigma
Selaginellaceae: čeleď vždyzelených výtrusných rostlin z řádu selaginellales (vranečkotvaré), třídy lycopodiopsida (vlastní plavuně), oddělení lycopodiophyta (plavuně), podříše tracheophyta (cévnaté rostliny). zástupci obsahují bilobetin
Selectins: transmembrane proteins consisting of a lectin-like domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a variable number of domains that are homologous to complement regulatory proteins. they are important cell adhesion molecules which help leukocytes attach to vascular endothelium
Selection Bias: the introduction of error due to systematic differences in the characteristics between those selected and those not selected for a given study. in sampling bias, error is the result of failure to ensure that all members of the reference population have a known chance of selection in the sample
Selection, Genetic: differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: a structurally diverse group of compounds distinguished from estrogens by their ability to bind and activate estrogen receptors but act as either an agonist or antagonist depending on the tissue type and hormonal milieu. they are classified as either first generation because they demonstrate estrogen agonist properties in the endometrium or second generation based on their patterns of tissue specificity. (horm res 1997;48:155-63)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain
Selegiline: a selective, irreversible inhibitor of type b monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with parkinson disease, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. the compound without isomeric designation is deprenyl
Selenic Acid: a strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula h2seo4. included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide
Selenious Acid: a selenium compound with the molecular formula h2so3. it used as a source of selenium, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged parenteral nutrition
Selenium: an element with the atomic symbol se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. it is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. it is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase
Selenium Radioisotopes: unstable isotopes of selenium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. se atoms with atomic weights 70-73, 75, 79, 81, and 83-85 are radioactive selenium isotopes
Selenium-Binding Proteins: a group of proteins that covalently attach to selenium or selenium-containing compounds
Selenocysteine: a naturally occurring amino acid in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. it is found in trnas and in the catalytic site of some enzymes. the genes for glutathione peroxidase and formate dehydrogenase contain the tga codon, which codes for this amino acid
Selenomonas: curved bacteria, usually crescent-shaped rods, with ends often tapered, occurring singly, in pairs, or short chains. they are non-encapsulated, non-sporing, motile, and ferment glucose. selenomonas are found mainly in the human buccal cavity, the rumen of herbivores, and the cecum of pigs and several rodents. (from bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 9th ed)
Selenomonas: rod neopouzdřených, nesporulujících, pohyblivých bakterií zkvašujících glukózu. jsou měsíčkovitého až helikálního tvaru. buňky se vyskytují jednotlivě, po dvou nebo v krátkých řetízcích. vyskytují v ústní dutině člověka, v bachoru býložravců a ve střevech prasat a některých hlodavců
Selenoprotein P: an extracellular selenoprotein that contains most of the selenium in plasma. selenoprotein p functions as an antioxidant and appears to transport selenium from the liver to peripheral tissues
Selenoprotein W: a single selenocysteine containing protein that binds reduced glutathione and can act as an antioxidant
Selenoproteins: selenoproteins are proteins that specifically incorporate selenocysteine into their amino acid chain. most selenoproteins are enzymes with the selenocysteine residues being responsible for their catalytic functions
Self Administration: administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. it includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal
Self Efficacy: cognitive mechanism based on expectations or beliefs about one's ability to perform actions necessary to produce a given effect. it is also a theoretical component of behavior change in various therapeutic treatments. (apa, thesaurus of psychological index terms, 1994)
Self Expandable Metallic Stents: cylindrical metallic tubes that are inserted to hold open a structure in order to treat vascular, bile duct, esophageal and other tubular organ constrictions
Self Medication: the self administration of medication not prescribed by a physician or in a manner not directed by a physician
Self Mutilation: the act of injuring one's own body to the extent of cutting off or permanently destroying a limb or other essential part of a body
Self Psychology: psychoanalytic theory focusing on interpretation of behavior in reference to self. (from apa, thesaurus of psychological terms, 1994) this elaboration of the psychoanalytic concepts of narcissism and the self, was developed by heinz kohut, and stresses the importance of the self-awareness of excessive needs for approval and self-gratification
Self Stimulation: the act or process of inducing or increasing the level of arousal in oneself. it can be observed in various situations; for example, infants who are understimulated may explore their surroundings or babble to themselves.(https://dictionary.apa.org/self-stimulation accessed 12/30/2020)
Self Tolerance: the normal lack of the ability to produce an immunological response to autologous (self) antigens. a breakdown of self tolerance leads to autoimmune diseases. the ability to recognize the difference between self and non-self is the prime function of the immune system
Self-Compassion: being kind and understanding toward oneself in times of pain or failure, perceiving one's own suffering as part of a larger human experience, and holding painful feelings and thoughts in mindful awareness. (from rev general psychology, 15(4), 289-303. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025754 accessed 8/11/2020)
Self-Control: an individual's ability to manage and monitor their emotions, behaviors, and desires in the face of external demands in order to function in society
Self-Curing of Dental Resins: the hardening or polymerization of bonding agents (dental cements) via chemical reactions, usually involving two components. this type of dental bonding uses a self-cure or dual-cure system
Self-Directed Learning as Topic: process in which individuals take the initiative, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identifying resources for learning, choosing and implementing learning strategies and evaluating learning outcomes (knowles, 1975)
Self-Evaluation Programs: educational programs structured in such a manner that the participating professionals, physicians, or students develop an increased awareness of their performance, usually on the basis of self-evaluation questionnaires
Self-Examination: the inspection of one's own body, usually for signs of disease (e.g., breast self-examination, testicular self-examination)
Self-Fertilization: the fusion of a male gamete with a female gamete from the same individual animal or plant
Self-Help Devices: devices, not affixed to the body, designed to help persons having musculoskeletal or neuromuscular disabilities to perform activities involving movement
Self-Help Groups: organizations which provide an environment encouraging social interactions through group activities or individual relationships especially for the purpose of rehabilitating or supporting patients, individuals with common health problems, or the elderly. they include therapeutic social clubs
Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants: a naturally occurring reproductive phenomenon of flowering plants where self-incompatibility arises due to differences between nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, or chloroplasts that occur in gamete cells from separate sources when they are brought together by cross-hybridization or in vitro manipulation
Self-Injurious Behavior: behavior in which persons hurt or harm themselves without the motive of suicide or of sexual deviation
Self-Management: individual's ability to manage chronic condition. efficacious self-management encompasses ability to monitor one's condition and to affect the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional responses necessary to maintain a satisfactory quality of life (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12401421)
Self-Sustained Sequence Replication: an isothermal in-vitro nucleotide amplification process. the process involves the concomitant action of a rna-directed dna polymerase, a ribonuclease (ribonucleases), and dna-directed rna polymerases to synthesize large quantities of sequence-specific rna and dna molecules
Self-Testing: process whereby a person who wants to know his or her health status collects a specimen, performs a test and interprets the test result in private
Sella Turcica: a bony prominence situated on the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. it houses the pituitary gland
Semantic Differential: analysis of word concepts by the association of polar adjectives, e.g., good-bad, with the concept, father. the adjectives are usually scaled in 7 steps. the subject's placement of the concept on the adjectival scale indicates the connotative meaning of the concept
Semantic Web: a framework for development and promotion of common data formats and exchange protocols linked in a way that can be read directly by computers. semantic web is a platform for sharing and reusing data across application, enterprise, and community boundaries, by linking concepts rather than just documents
Semaphorin-3A: the prototypical and most well-studied member of the semaphorin family. semaphorin-3a is an axon-repulsive guidance cue for migrating neurons in the developing nervous system. it has so far been found only in vertebrates, and binds to neuropilin-1/plexin complex receptors on growth cones. like other class 3 semaphorins, it is a secreted protein
Semaphorins: a family of proteins that mediate axonal guidance. semaphorins act as repulsive cues for neuronal growth cones and bind to receptors on their filopodia. at least 20 different molecules have been described and divided into eight classes based on domain organization and species of origin. classes 1 and 2 are invertebrate, classes 3-7 are vertebrate, and class v are viral. semaphorins may be secreted (classes 2, 3, and v), transmembrane (classes 1, 4, 5, and 6), or membrane-anchored (class 7). all semaphorins possess a common 500-amino acid extracellular domain which is critical for receptor binding and specificity, and is also found in plexins and scatter factor receptors. their c termini are class-specific and may contain additional sequence motifs
Semecarpus: a plant genus of the family anacardiaceae that is the source of anacarcin forte. the nut milk extract is cytotoxic
Semecarpus: rod rostlin čeledi anacardiaceae. nejznámějším druhem je divoplod ledvinovníkový, důležitá léčivá rostlina tradiční indické medicíny. divoplody způsobují při kontaktu šťávy s pokožkou těžké dermatitidy. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Semen: the thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. in addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains spermatozoa and their nutrient plasma
Semen Analysis: the quality of semen, an indicator of male fertility, can be determined by semen volume, ph, sperm concentration (sperm count), total sperm number, sperm viability, sperm vigor (sperm motility), normal sperm morphology, acrosome integrity, and the concentration of white blood cells
Semen Preservation: the process by which semen is kept viable outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism)
Semiaquilegia: a plant genus of the family ranunculaceae that contains griffonilide, lithospermoside, and magnoflorine
Semiaquilegia: rod rostlin čeledi ranunculaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují griffonilid, lithospermosid a magnoflorin
Semicarbazides: derivatives of urea where one of the amino groups is replaced with hydrazine
Semicarbazones: a class of organic compounds that are derivatives of imines formed by condensation reactions between ketones or aldehydes and semicarbazides
Semicircular Canal Dehiscence: a vestibular disorder caused by a pathologic third window into the bony labyrinth (in contrast to the normal round window of ear and the oval window of ear). it can present with autophony, sound- or pressure-induced vertigo, and chronic disequilibrium among other vestibulocochlear symptoms.(from: semin neurol. 2020 jan 27; 48: 58-65.)
Semicircular Canals: three long canals (anterior, posterior, and lateral) of the bony labyrinth. they are set at right angles to each other and are situated posterosuperior to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth (vestibular labyrinth). the semicircular canals have five openings into the vestibule with one shared by the anterior and the posterior canals. within the canals are the semicircular ducts
Semicircular Ducts: the three membranous semicircular ducts within the bony semicircular canals. they open into the utricle through five openings. each duct has at one end a sensory area called the ampullary crest. ampullary hair cells of the crests sense the movement of endolymph resulting from rotation of the head
Semiconductors: materials that have a limited and usually variable electrical conductivity. they are particularly useful for the production of solid-state electronic devices
Seminal Plasma Proteins: proteins found in semen. major seminal plasma proteins are secretory proteins from the male sex accessory glands, such as the seminal vesicles and the prostate. they include the seminal vesicle-specific antigen, an ejaculate clotting protein; and the prostate-specific antigen, a protease and an esterase
Seminal Proteins: proteins found in semen. seminal proteins are composed of seminal plasma proteins and sperm proteins
Seminal Vesicle Secretory Proteins: the secretory proteins of the seminal vesicles are proteins and enzymes that are important in the rapid clotting of the ejaculate. the major clotting protein is seminal vesicle-specific antigen. many of these seminal vesicle proteins are under androgen regulation, and are substrates for the prostatic enzymes, such as the prostate-specific antigen, a protease and an esterase
Seminal Vesicles: a saclike, glandular diverticulum on each ductus deferens in male vertebrates. it is united with the excretory duct and serves for temporary storage of semen. (from mcgraw-hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms, 4th ed)
Seminiferous Epithelium: the epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (spermatogonia) and supporting sertoli cells. as spermatogenesis proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen. the adluminal compartment, the inner two thirds of the tubules, contains spermatocytes and the more advanced germ cells
Seminiferous Tubules: the convoluted tubules in the testis where sperm are produced (spermatogenesis) and conveyed to the rete testis. spermatogenic tubules are composed of developing germ cells and the supporting sertoli cells
Seminoma: a radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. there are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. the classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. in the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (dorland, 27th ed)
Semliki forest virus: a species of alphavirus isolated in central, eastern, and southern africa
Semustine: 4-methyl derivative of lomustine; (ccnu). an antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent
Sendai virus: the type species of respirovirus in the subfamily paramyxovirinae. it is the murine version of human parainfluenza virus 1, distinguished by host range
Senecio: a species of toxic plants of the compositae. the poisonous compounds are alkaloids which cause cattle diseases, neoplasms, and liver damage and are used to produce cancers in experimental animals
Senecio: rod jedovatých rostlin čeledi asteraceae. zástupci obsahují toxické alkaloidy, které mohou vyvolat onemocnění skotu. způsobují poškození jater a nádorová onemocnění. používají se jako příčinná agens experimentální rakoviny u zvířat
Senegal: a republic in western africa, southwest of mauritania and east of mali. its capital is dakar
Senegal: stát v africe. jeho sousedy jsou gambie, guinea, guinea-bissau, mali, mauritánie. na západě je země omývána atlantským oceánem. hlavním městem je dakar, nejzápadnější město afriky a nejvýznamnější přístav regionu. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Sener syndrome: polycystic brain (cerebrum polycystica vera) associated with ectodermal dysplasia
Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype: a paracrine pro-inflammatory phenotype developed in senescing cells. the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (sasp) results from the inflammatory, proteolytic and growth factor enriched secretome of many types of senescent cells which leads to tissue repair or tissue and organ damage over time and links sasp to age-related disorders
Senior Centers: community centers for older adults and providers of resources for the community. in addition to providing services and activities for older adults that reflect the community's diversity, they link participants with resources offered by other agencies
Senna (rostlina): rod rostlin čeledi fabaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují anthrachinony, látky s projímavým účinkem. droga je součástí laxativ (purgativ). do tohoto rodu byla převedena řada druhů rodu cassia
Senna Extract: preparations of senna plant. they contain sennosides, which are anthraquinone type cathartics and are used in many different preparations as laxatives
Senna Plant: a plant genus of the family fabaceae. senna extract is obtained from members of this genus. members contain anthraquinones and have been an ingredient in laxatives (cathartics). many species of the cassia genus have been reclassified into this genus. this bush should not be confused with the cassia tree (cinnamomum)
Senotherapeutics: chemical agents which induce the removal (by apoptotic or non-apoptotic cell death) or immune-mediated clearance of senescent cells, or the neutralization of the detrimental effects of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype
Sensation: the process in which specialized sensory receptor cells transduce peripheral stimuli (physical or chemical) into nerve impulses which are then transmitted to the various sensory centers in the central nervous system
Sensation Disorders: disorders of the special senses (i.e., vision; hearing; taste; and smell) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the peripheral nervous system)
Sense of Agency: perception or feeling of control over one's own actions thereby influencing the course of events and outcomes. self-efficacy on the other hand is beliefs or expectations in self-ability to achieve intended goals or to produce a given effect in specific tasks
Sense of Coherence: a view of the world and the individual's environment as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful, claiming that the way people view their life has a positive influence on their health
Sensilla: collective name for a group of external mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors manifesting as sensory structures in arthropods. they include cuticular projections (setae, hairs, bristles), pores, and slits
Sensitive Tartar Control Dentifrice: a dentifrice for the treatment of sensitive teeth; contains 5% potassium nitrate, 1.3% soluble pyrophosphate, 1.5% polyvinylmethyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, and 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base
Sensitivity Training Groups: a group of people who meet in an unstructured setting to learn about themselves, interpersonal relationships, and group processes and about larger social systems
Sensitivity and Specificity: binary classification measures to assess test results. sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (from last, dictionary of epidemiology, 2d ed)
Sensorimotor Cortex: a composite area of the cerebral cortex concerned with motor control and sensory perception comprising the motor cortex areas, the somatosensory areas, the gustatory cortex, the olfactory areas, the auditory cortex, and the visual cortex
Sensory Aids: devices and materials used to extend the functioning of the senses, most often including materials adapted for those having visual or hearing impairments and also includes materials that have been translated from one sensory mode to another. (eric https://eric.ed.gov/?qt=braille&ti=sensory+aids accessed 12/31/2020)
Sensory Deprivation: the absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds
Sensory Gating: the ability of the brain to suppress neuronal responses to external sensory inputs, such as auditory and visual stimuli. sensory filtering (or gating) allows humans to block out irrelevant, meaningless, or redundant stimuli
Sensory Receptor Cells: specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into nerve impulses to be transmitted to the central nervous system. sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors
Sensory Rhodopsins: photosensory rhodopsins found in microorganisms such as halobacteria. they convert light signals into biochemical information that regulates certain cellular functions such as flagellar motor activity
Sensory System Agents: drugs that act on neuronal sensory receptors resulting in an increase, decrease, or modification of afferent nerve activity. (from smith and reynard, textbook of pharmacology, 1991, p367)
Sensory Thresholds: the minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response
Sentiment Analysis: a data mining technique in which subjective information such as sentiments, opinions, and attitudes are extracted and analyzed from data
Sentinel Lymph Node: first lymph node to receive drainage from the primary tumor. sentinel lymph node biopsy is performed to determine early metastasis status because cancer cells may appear first in the sentinel node
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: a diagnostic procedure used to determine whether lymphatic metastasis has occurred. the sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node to receive drainage from a neoplasm
Sentinel Species: organisms used to determine measurable environmental risks or hazards to human health and or well-being, thereby serving as advance or early warning signs of impending danger to humans. examples of sentinel species are monkeys, guinea pigs, and the fabled canary in the coal mine
Sentinel Surveillance: monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific conditions to assess the stability or change in health levels of a population. it is also the study of disease rates in a specific cohort such as in a geographic area or population subgroup to estimate trends in a larger population. (from last, dictionary of epidemiology, 2d ed)
Seoul virus: a species of orthohantavirus causing a less severe form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in asia (primarily korea and japan). it is transmitted by rats, especially rattus rattus and r. norvegicus
Sepacell-PL: a filter which contains polyester fabric coated with a copolymer consisting of hydroxyethyl methacrylate & diethylaminoethylmethacrylate; removes leukocytes from blood products used for transfusion
Separan AP-30: high mw long chain polyacrylamide; drag reducing agent
Separase: separase is a caspase-like cysteine protease, which plays a central role in triggering anaphase by cleaving the scc1/rad21 subunit of the cohesin complex. cohesin holds the sister chromatids together during metaphase and its cleavage results in chromosome segregation
Sepia: a genus of cuttlefish in the family sepiidae. they live in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters in most oceans
Sepia: rod hlavonožců čeledi sepiidae. žijí v tropických, subtropických a mírných vodách většiny oceánů
Sepsis: systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. when sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. when sepsis is accompanied by hypotension despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called septic shock
Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy: acute neurological dysfunction during severe sepsis in the absence of direct brain infection characterized by systemic inflammation and blood brain barrier perturbation
Septal Nuclei: neural nuclei situated in the septal region. they have afferent and cholinergic efferent connections with a variety of forebrain and brain stem areas including the hippocampal formation, the lateral hypothalamus, the tegmentum, and the amygdala. included are the dorsal, lateral, medial, and triangular septal nuclei, septofimbrial nucleus, nucleus of diagonal band, nucleus of anterior commissure, and the nucleus of stria terminalis
Septal Occluder Device: a catheter-delivered implant used for closing abnormal holes in the cardiovascular system, especially heart septal defects; or passageways intentionally made during cardiovascular surgical procedures
Septate Uterus: a congenital duplication of the uterus in which a septum is formed separating the uterus. the partitioning septum can also separate the cervix and vagina
September 11 Terrorist Attacks: terrorism on september 11, 2001 against targets in new york, the pentagon in virginia, and an aborted attack that ended in pennsylvania
Septins: a family of gtp-binding proteins that were initially identified in yeasts where they were shown to initiate the process of septation and bud formation. septins form into hetero-oligomeric complexes that are comprised of several distinct septin subunits. these complexes can act as cytoskeletal elements that play important roles in cytokinesis, cytoskeletal reorganization, biological transport, and membrane dynamics
Septo-Optic Dysplasia: a condition resulting from congenital malformations involving the brain. the syndrome of septo-optic dysplasia combines hypoplasia or agenesis of the septum pellucidum; corpus callosum and the optic nerve. the extent of the abnormalities can vary. septo-optic dysplasia is often associated with abnormalities of the hypothalamus and other diencephalic structures, and hypopituitarism
Septum Pellucidum: a triangular double membrane separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. it is situated in the median plane and bounded by the corpus callosum and the body and columns of the fornix (brain)
Septum of Brain: gray matter structures of the telencephalon and limbic system in the brain, but containing widely varying definitions among authors. included here is the cortical septal area, subcortical septal nuclei, and the septum pellucidum
Sequence (bonding agent): a fluoride-releasing light-activated bonding agent; contains polyurethane, methacrylates, boron trifluoride, bornanedione, mercaptobenzothiazole, benzoyl peroxide, titanium dioxide & barium aluminum borosilicate
Sequence Alignment: the arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. the degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. this in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms
Sequence Analysis: a multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information
Sequence Analysis, DNA: a multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the dna sequence, and information analysis
Sequence Analysis, Protein: a process that includes the determination of amino acid sequence of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence
Sequence Analysis, RNA: a multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, sequencing, and information analysis of an rna sequence
Sequence Homology: the degree of similarity between sequences. studies of amino acid sequence homology and nucleic acid sequence homology provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: the degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. this information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid: the sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function
Sequence Inversion: the deletion and reinsertion of a segment of a nucleic acid sequence in the same place, but flipped in an opposite orientation
Sequence Tagged Sites: short tracts of dna sequence that are used as landmarks in genome mapping. in most instances, 200 to 500 base pairs of sequence define a sequence tagged site (sts) that is operationally unique in the human genome (i.e., can be specifically detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the presence of all other genomic sequences). the overwhelming advantage of stss over mapping landmarks defined in other ways is that the means of testing for the presence of a particular sts can be completely described as information in a database
Sequestering Agents: compounds that bind to and reduce the biological availability of a chemical or pharmaceutical agent
Sequestosome-1 Protein: a multidomain protein that is highly conserved among multicellular organisms. it contains a zz-type zinc finger domain, c-terminal ubiquitin - associated (uba) domain, and interacts with many other signaling proteins and enzymes including, atypical protein kinase c; tnf receptor-associated factor 6; subunits of the mtorc1 complex, and caspase-8. it functions in autophagy as a receptor for the degradation of ubiquitinated substrates, and to co-ordinate signaling in response to oxidative stress
Sequiviridae: a family of monopartite rna plant viruses resembling picornaviruses and containing two genera: sequivirus and waikavirus. transmission is by aphids or leafhoppers and requires a helper protein
Sequiviridae: skupina rostlinných virů s monopartitní rna připomínajících pikornaviry a obsahujících dva rody: sequivirus a waikavirus. přenáší se pomocí mšic nebo křísků a vyžaduje pomocný protein
Sequivirus: a genus of plant viruses in the family sequiviridae. transmission is by aphids but depends on the presence of a helper protein encoded by the anthriscus yellow virus, a waikavirus. the type species is parsnip yellow fleck virus (parsnip serotype)
Sequivirus: rod rostlinných virů čeledi secoviridae. jsou přenášeny mšicemi, přenos závisí na přítomnosti pomocného proteinu kódovaného na anthriscus yellow virus (waikavirus). typovým druhem je parsnip yellow fleck virus (virus žluté skvrnitosti pastináku)
Sequoia: a plant genus of the family cupressaceae known for tall trees with coastal distribution in california and oregon. related giant sequoia is sequoiadendron giganteum and are found in the sierra mountain range of california
Sequoiadendron: a plant genus of the family cupressaceae known for giant trees like the tall sequoia redwoods
Serbia: a republic located south of hungary, west of romania and bulgaria, and part of the former yugoslavia. the capital is belgrade
Serenoa: a plant genus in the family arecaceae, order arecales, subclass arecidae. the fruit or the extract (permixon) is used for prostatic hyperplasia
Serenoa: rod jednoděložných rostlin čeledi arecaceae (arekovité, též palmae), řádu arecales (arekotvaré) z podtřídy arecidae. plod nebo extrakt (permixon) je používán při léčbě hyperplazie prostaty
Serial Extraction: the selective extraction of deciduous teeth during the stage of mixed dentition in accordance with the shedding and eruption of the teeth. it is done over an extended period to allow autonomous adjustment to relieve crowding of the dental arches during the eruption of the lateral incisors, canines, and premolars, eventually involving the extraction of the first premolar teeth. (dorland, 28th ed)
Serial Infection Interval: the interval of time between the onset of symptoms in the primary and secondary case. the serial interval is one of the significant epidemiological measures that determine the spread of infectious disease
Serial Passage: inoculation of a series of animals or in vitro tissue with an infectious bacterium or virus, as in virulence studies and the development of vaccines
Serial Publications: publications in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. (ala glossary of library and information science, 1983, p203)
Sericins: a serine-rich sticky protein secreted by moths. generally, the term refers to silkworm silk gum protein secreted in the middle section of silk gland cells of silkworms, bombyx mori. sericin acts as a cement and coating for the two fibroin filaments in a silk strand and is readily soluble in mild alkaline solution
Serine: a non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the l-isomer. it is synthesized from glycine or threonine. it is involved in the biosynthesis of purines; pyrimidines; and other amino acids
Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase: a key enzyme in sphingolipids biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyzes the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent condensation of l-serine and palmitoyl coenzyme a to 3-dehydro-d-sphinganine. the enzyme consists of two different subunits
Serine Endopeptidases: any member of the group of endopeptidases containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis
Serine O-Acetyltransferase: an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of l-serine to coenzyme a and o-acetyl-l-serine, using acetyl-coa as a donor
Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal-Type 5: a secreted serine peptidase inhibitor that consists of 15 kazal motifs and inhibits kallikreins klk5, klk7, and klk14 as well as trypsin. it plays important roles in protecting mucosa against infection and inflammation, and in maintaining the integrity of the skin. mutations in the spink5 gene are associated with netherton syndrome
Serine Peptidase Inhibitors, Kazal Type: a family of serine peptidase inhibitors that occur in animals, some single-cell eukaryotes, and higher plants. they contain variable numbers of kazal motifs and inhibit serine endopeptidases such as acrosin and trypsin
Serine Proteases: peptide hydrolases that contain at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis
Serine Proteinase Inhibitors: exogenous or endogenous compounds which inhibit serine endopeptidases
Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors: a family of regulatory factors essential for constitutive and alternative splicing in rna metabolism
Serine-Threonine Kinase 3: an intracellular-signaling kinase that plays a role in regulating apoptosis
Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase: a carboxypeptidase that is specific for proteins that contain two alanine residues on their c-terminal. enzymes in this class play an important role in bacterial cell wall biosynthesis
Serine-tRNA Ligase: an enzyme that activates serine with its specific transfer rna. ec 6.1.1.11
Sermon: work consisting of discourses for the purpose of religious instruction or exhortation, especially one based on a text of scripture and delivered by a member of the clergy, as part of a religious service. (from: random house unabridged dictionary, 2d ed)
Sermorelin: the biologically active fragment of human growth hormone-releasing factor, consisting of ghrh(1-29)-amide. this n-terminal sequence is identical in several mammalian species, such as human, pig, and cattle. it is used to diagnose or treat patients with growth hormone deficiency
Seroconversion: the appearance of antibodies against causative agents in the blood of individuals during the course of an infection or following immunization
Seroepidemiologic Studies: epidemiologic studies based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific antibodies. latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases
Serogroup: a set of variants within a species of microorganisms that are antigenically, closely related. with bacteria, a serogroup refers to a group that shares a common antigen
Serology: the study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro
Seroma: tumor-like sterile accumulation of serum in a tissue, organ, or cavity. it results from a tissue insult and is the product of tissue inflammation. it most commonly occurs following mastectomy
Serotonergic Neurons: neurons whose primary neurotransmitter is serotonin
Serotonin: a biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid l-tryptophan. in humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. multiple receptor families (receptors, serotonin) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator
Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists: endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate serotonin 5-ht1 receptors. included under this heading are agonists for one or more of the specific 5-ht1 receptor subtypes
Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists: drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin 5-ht1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin 5-ht1 receptor agonists. included under this heading are antagonists for one or more of the specific 5-ht1 receptor subtypes
Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists: endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate serotonin 5-ht2 receptors. included under this heading are agonists for one or more of the specific 5-ht2 receptor subtypes
Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin 5-ht2 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or serotonin 5-ht2 receptor agonists. included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-ht2 receptor subtypes
Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Agonists: endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate serotonin 5-ht3 receptors
Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists: drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin 5-ht3 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or serotonin 5-ht3 receptor agonists
Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists: endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate serotonin 5-ht4 receptors