NLK-NML/MeSH-CZ-2025-notes huggingface dataset:
Stigmatella aurantiaca: a species of stigmatella usually isolated from rotting wood. (from bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 9th ed)
Stigmatella aurantiaca: druh bakterie rodu stigmatella, obvykle izolované z hnijícího dřeva
Stilbenes: organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group
Stilbestrols: stilbene derivatives the contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene ring structures
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset: systemic-onset rheumatoid arthritis in adults. it differs from classical rheumatoid arthritis in that it is more often marked by acute febrile onset, and generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are more prominent
Stillova nemoc dospělých: stillova choroba dospělých je autoinflamatorní onemocnění neznámé etiologie, projevující se řadou příznaků, jako jsou horečka, artritidy, typický kožní raš, lymfadenopatie, hepatosplenomegalie a další. v diferenciální diagnóze je vždy nutno vyloučit infekční či autoimunitní onemocnění a malignity. léčba je založena na podání glukokortikoidů, při jejich nedostatečném efektu je indikováno nasazení nebiologických a biologických dmards. (skácelová, martina a pavel horák. stillova choroba dospělých. postgraduální medicína. 2015, 17(4), 391-394)
Stimulants, Historical: agents or remedies that historically have produced stimulation or excited functional activity
Stimulation, Chemical: the increase in a measurable parameter of a physiological process, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or metabolic process, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical
Stimuli Responsive Polymers: polymeric materials designed to change properties in response to a stimulus
Stochastic Processes: processes that incorporate some element of randomness, used particularly to refer to a time series of random variables
Stockings, Compression: tight coverings for the foot and leg that are worn to aid circulation in the legs, and prevent the formation of edema and deep vein thrombosis. pneumatic compression stockings serve a similar purpose especially for bedridden patients, and following surgery
Stomach: an organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum
Stomach Ulcer: ulceration of the gastric mucosa due to contact with gastric juice. it is often associated with helicobacter pylori infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids)
Stomach Volvulus: twisting of the stomach that may result in gastric ischemia and gastric outlet obstruction. it is often associated with diaphragmatic hernia
Stomach, Avian: a component of the digestive system of birds which consists of the gizzard and proventriculus
Stomach, Ruminant: a component of the digestive system of ruminants which consists of the abomasum; omasum; reticulum; and rumen
Stomalene: rx of gastric disorders; each gram oral gel contains sodium gualenate (guaiazulene) 0.4 mg & simethicone 300 mg
Stomatitis: inflammation of the soft tissues of the mouth, such as mucosa; palate; gingiva; and lip
Stomatitis, Aphthous: a recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. it is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (from jablonski's dictionary of dentistry, 1992, p742)
Stomatitis, Herpetic: stomatitis caused by herpesvirus hominis. it usually occurs as acute herpetic stomatitis (or gingivostomatitis), an oral manifestation of primary herpes simplex seen primarily in children and adolescents
Stomatognathic Diseases: general or unspecified diseases of the stomatognathic system, comprising the mouth, teeth, jaws, and pharynx
Stomatognathic System: the mouth, teeth, jaws, pharynx, and related structures as they relate to mastication, deglutition, and speech
Stomatognathic System Abnormalities: congenital structural abnormalities of the mouth and jaws, including the dentition
Strabismus: misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. in comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. in noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (miller, walsh & hoyt's clinical neuro-ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)
Stramenopiles: a common name (but used formally) for a group of organisms that are mostly kinds of algae including bacillariophyta; oomycetes; phaeophyceae; and chrysophyceae. they all contain chloroplasts that are thought to have been derived from the endosymbiosis of ancient red algae
Strategic Planning: a rigorous and systematic process which entails defining plans, decisions, and sequence of steps to be taken in the future
Strategic Stockpile: planned and coordinated pre-event accumulation of essential drugs and medical supplies
Stratospheric Ozone: ozone in the earth's stratosphere. it is produced continuously by the action of solar ultraviolet rays on oxygen in the stratosphere. the stratospheric ozone (especially at the ozone layer) blocks much of the solar uv radiation of wavelengths of 320 nanometers or less from being transmitted to lower atmosphere of the earth
Street Food: ready-to-eat foods and beverages prepared and/or sold by vendors or hawkers especially in the streets and other similar places. they represent a significant part of urban food consumption for millions of low-and-middle-income consumers, in urban areas on a daily basis. (usda)
Strelitziaceae: a plant family of the order zingiberales, subclass zingiberidae, class liliopsida. some species in this genus are called bird-of-paradise (strelitzia reginae) which is also a common name for caesalpinia and heliconia (heliconiaceae)
Strelitziaceae: čeleď krytosemenných rostlin z řádu zingiberales (zázvorotvaré), podtřídy zingiberidae, třídy liliopsida (rostliny jednoděložné)
Strepsirhini: a suborder of primates consisting of the following five families: cheirogaleidae; daubentoniidae; indriidae; lemuridae; and lorisidae
Strepsirrhini: podřád primátů zahrnující např. čeledi cheirogaleidae, daubentoniidae, indriidae, lemuridae a lorisidae
Streptavidin: a 60-kda extracellular protein of streptomyces avidinii with four high-affinity biotin binding sites. unlike avidin, streptavidin has a near neutral isoelectric point and is free of carbohydrate side chains
Streptobacillus: a genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that require serum; ascitic fluid; or blood for growth. its organisms inhabit the throat; and nasopharynx of wild and laboratory rats and cause one form of rat-bite fever in man
Streptobacillus: rod gramnegativních, fakultativně anaerobních, tyčinkovitých bakterií, které k růstu potřebují sérum, ascitickou tekutinu nebo krev. žijí v hltanu a nosohltanu divokých krys a laboratorních potkanů a způsobují jednu z forem horečky z krysího kousnutí u člověka
Streptococcaceae: a family of gram-positive non-sporing bacteria including many parasitic, pathogenic, and saprophytic forms
Streptococcaceae: čeleď grampozitivních nesporulujících bakterií včetně mnoha parazitárních, patogenních a saprofytických forem
Streptococcal Vaccines: vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent streptococcal infections
Streptococcus: a genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. no endospores are produced. many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. a few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment
Streptococcus: rod grampozitivních, kokoidních bakterií, které se vyskytují ve dvojicích nebo řetízcích. netvoří endospory. řada druhů žije komenzálně či paraziticky na člověku nebo na zvířatech a některé jsou vysoce patogenní. několik saprofytických druhů se nachází v přírodě
Streptococcus agalactiae: a bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man
Streptococcus agalactiae: bakterie způsobující mastitidu u skotu a příležitostně i u člověka
Streptococcus anginosus: a species of gram-positive bacteria in the streptococcus milleri group. it is the most frequently seen isolate of that group, has a proclivity for abscess formation, and is most often isolated from the blood, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract
Streptococcus anginosus: druh grampozitivní bakterie skupiny streptococcus milleri. je nejčastěji izolovaným druhem této skupiny (z krve, z gastointestinálního a urogenitálního traktu). má schopnost způsobovat abscesy
Streptococcus bovis: a species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly found in the alimentary tract of cows, sheep, and other ruminants. it occasionally is encountered in cases of human endocarditis. this species is nonhemolytic
Streptococcus bovis: druh grampozitivní, kokoidní, nehemolytické bakterie, která se běžně vyskytuje v trávicím traktu skotu, ovcí a dalších přežvýkavců. někdy se nalézá u pacientů s endokarditidou
Streptococcus constellatus: a species of gram-positive bacteria in the streptococcus milleri group. it is commonly found in the oropharnyx flora and has a proclivity for abscess formation in the upper body and respiratory tract
Streptococcus constellatus: druh grampozitivní bakterie skupiny streptococcus milleri. je běžnou součástí orofaryngeální flóry. má schopnost způsobovat abscesy horní části těla a dýchacích cest
Streptococcus equi: a species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from abscesses in submaxillary glands and mucopurulent discharges of the upper respiratory tract of horses. this organism belongs to group c streptococci with regards to antigen response and is known to cause strangles. the subspecies s. zooepidemicus is also considered a pathogen of horses
Streptococcus equi: druh grampozitivní, kokoidní bakterie izolované z abscesů podčelistních slinných žlaz a z mukopurulentních sekretů horních cest dýchacích u koní. podle antigenicity patří ke streptokokům skupiny c a způsobuje nemoc hříběcí. poddruh s. zooepidemicus je také patogenní pro koně
Streptococcus gallolyticus: a species of streptococcus that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract of birds, mammals and healthy humans
Streptococcus gallolyticus: druh bakterie rodu streptococcus, která se vyskytuje v gastrointestinálním traktu ptáků, savců a zdravých lidí
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus: poddruh bakterie streptococcus gallolyticus. spolu s dalšími poddruhy může způsobovat infekce vedoucí k bakteriemii, endokarditidě a novorozenecké meningitidě
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus: a subspecies of streptococcus gallolyticus. it and other subspecies have been reported to cause infections resulting in bacteremia; endocarditis; and neonatal meningitis
Streptococcus gordonii: a species of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacteria in the family streptococcaceae. it is a normal inhabitant of the human oral cavity, and causes dental plaque and endocarditis. it is being investigated as a vehicle for vaccine delivery
Streptococcus gordonii: druh grampozitivní, fakultativně anaerobní bakterie čeledi streptococcaceae. je součástí normální flóry dutiny ústní člověka a může způsobovat zubní plak a endokarditidu. zkoumá se pro možné využití ve vakcinologii
Streptococcus iniae: a species of streptococcus that is pathogenic in fish and may also cause disease in humans who routinely handle infected fish. those who are of asian descent, elderly, or have chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus; rheumatic heart disease; or liver cirrhosis are more susceptible to streptococcus iniae infections
Streptococcus iniae: druh bakterie rodu streptococcus, která je patogenem ryb a může také způsobit onemocnění lidí, kteří pravidelně manipulují s infikovanými rybami. k infekci jsou náchylnější osoby asijského původu, vyššího věku nebo s chronickým onemocněním, jako je diabetes mellitus, revmatická karditida nebo jaterní cirhóza
Streptococcus intermedius: a species of gram-positive bacteria in the streptococcus milleri group. it is commonly found in the oropharynx flora and has a proclivity for abscess formation, most characteristically in the central nervous system and liver
Streptococcus intermedius: druh grampozitivní bakterie skupiny streptococcus milleri. je běžnou součástí orofaryngeální flóry. má schopnost způsobovat abscesy, nejčastěji centrální nervové soustavy a jater
Streptococcus milleri Group: a subset of viridans streptococci, but the species in this group differ in their hemolytic pattern and diseases caused. these species are often beta-hemolytic and produce pyogenic infections
Streptococcus mitis: a species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commensal in the respiratory tract
Streptococcus mitis: druh grampozitivní, kokoidní bakterie, která je komenzálem dýchacích cest
Streptococcus mutans: a polysaccharide-producing species of streptococcus isolated from human dental plaque
Streptococcus mutans: druh bakterie rodu streptococcus izolované ze zubního plaku člověka. tento organismus syntetizuje intracelulární polysacharidy
Streptococcus oralis: a species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria that is numerous in the mouth and throat. it is a common cause of endocarditis and is also implicated in dental plaque formation
Streptococcus oralis: druh grampozitivní, kokoidní bakterie, která je hojná v ústech a hrdle. je běžným etiologickým agens endokarditidy a také se podílí na tvorbě zubního plaku
Streptococcus pneumoniae: a gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals
Streptococcus pneumoniae: druh grampozitivní bakterie rodu streptococcus, která se vyskytuje v horních cestách dýchacích, zánětlivých exsudátech a v různých tělních tekutinách u zdravých a/nebo nemocných lidí a vzácně i u domácích zvířat
Streptococcus pyogenes: a species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from skin lesions, blood, inflammatory exudates, and the upper respiratory tract of humans. it is a group a hemolytic streptococcus that can cause scarlet fever and rheumatic fever
Streptococcus pyogenes: druh grampozitivní, kokoidní bakterie izolované z lidských kožních lézí, z krve, ze zánětlivých exsudátů a z horních cest dýchacích. je to hemolytický streptokok skupiny a, který může způsobit spálu a revmatickou horečku
Streptococcus salivarius: a species of streptococcus that occurs in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. it is a constituent of dental plaque and some strains may be pathogenic if they enter the bloodstream. however, other strains such as streptococcus salivarius k12 produce bacteriocins and are used as probiotics
Streptococcus salivarius: druh bakterie rodu streptococcus, která se vyskytuje v dutině ústní a v horních cestách dýchacích člověka. podílí se na tvorbě zubního plaku. některé kmeny mohou být patogenní, pokud proniknou do krevního řečiště. jiné kmeny, např. streptococcus salivarius k12, produkují bakteriociny a používají se jako probiotika
Streptococcus sanguis: a gram-positive organism found in dental plaque, in blood, on heart valves in subacute endocarditis, and infrequently in saliva and throat specimens. l-forms are associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Streptococcus sanguis: druh grampozitivní bakterie rodu streptococcus, která se vyskytuje v zubním plaku, na srdečních chlopních při subakutní endokarditidě a vzácně ve slinách a klinickém materiálu z hltanu. l-formy se nacházejí při recidivující aftózní stomatitidě
Streptococcus sobrinus: a species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria isolated from the human tooth surface. strains have been shown to be cariogenic in experimental animals and may be associated with human dental caries
Streptococcus sobrinus: druh grampozitivní, kokoidní bakterie izolované z povrchu lidských zubů. pokusy na zvířatech prokázaly kariogenní vlastnosti kmenů tohoto druhu a možnou souvislost se vznikem zubního kazu u člověka
Streptococcus suis: a species of streptococcus isolated from pigs. it is a pathogen of swine but rarely occurs in humans
Streptococcus suis: druh bakterie rodu streptococcus izolované z prasat. je patogenem prasat, ale vzácně se vyskytuje i u lidí
Streptococcus thermophilus: a species of thermophilic, gram-positive bacteria found in milk and milk products
Streptococcus thermophilus: druh termofilních grampozitivních bakterií nacházejících se v mléce a mléčných výrobcích
Streptodornase and Streptokinase: a mixture of the enzymes (streptokinase and streptodornase) produced by hemolytic streptococci. it is used topically on surface lesions and by instillation in closed body cavities to remove clotted blood or fibrinous or purulent accumulations. it is also used as a skin test antigen in evaluating generalized cell-mediated immunodeficiency. (dorland, 27th ed) ec 3.-
Streptogramin A: a specific streptogramin group a antibiotic produced by streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria
Streptogramin B: a specific streptogramin group b antibiotic produced by streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria
Streptogramin Group A: a structural subclass of streptogramins that includes molecules containing unsaturated macrocyclic lactones with approximate molecular weight of 500 kda
Streptogramin Group B: a structural subclass of streptogramins. they are cyclic hexadepsipeptides with approximate molecular weight of 800 that contain a characteristic 3-hydroxy picolinoyl exocyclic component
Streptogramins: a class of natural cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by certain subspecies of streptomyces. they include two structurally unrelated components, streptogramin group a and streptogramin group b, which generally act synergistically to inhibit bacterial growth
Streptokinase: streptococcal fibrinolysin . an enzyme produced by hemolytic streptococci. it hydrolyzes amide linkages and serves as an activator of plasminogen. it is used in thrombolytic therapy and is used also in mixtures with streptodornase (streptodornase and streptokinase). ec 3.4.-
Streptolysins: exotoxins produced by certain strains of streptococci, particularly those of group a (streptococcus pyogenes), that cause hemolysis
Streptomyces: a genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. this genus is responsible for producing a majority of the anti-bacterial agents of practical value
Streptomyces: rod grampozitivních bakterií kmene actinobacteria. jejich vegetativní hyfy tvoří vzdušné mycelium. bylo identifikováno mnoho druhů, z nichž některé jsou patogenní. zástupci tohoto rodu jsou významnými producenty antibakteriálních látek
Streptomyces antibioticus: an actinomycete from which the antibiotic oleandomycin is obtained
Streptomyces antibioticus: druh aktinobakterie, která je producentem antibiotika oleandomycinu
Streptomyces aureofaciens: an actinomycete from which the antibiotic chlortetracycline is obtained
Streptomyces aureofaciens: druh aktinobakterie, která je producentem antibiotika chlortetracyklinu
Streptomyces coelicolor: a soil-dwelling actinomycete with a complex lifecycle involving mycelial growth and spore formation. it is involved in the production of a number of medically important antibiotics
Streptomyces coelicolor: druh půdní aktinobakterie se složitým životním cyklem zahrnujícím tvorbu mycelia a spor. produkuje řadu medicínsky významných antibiotik
Streptomyces griseus: an actinomycete from which the antibiotics streptomycin, grisein, and candicidin are obtained
Streptomyces griseus: druh aktinobakterie, která je producentem antibiotik streptomycinu, griseinu a kandicidinu
Streptomyces lividans: an actinomycete used for production of commercial antibiotics and as a host for gene cloning
Streptomyces lividans: druh aktinobakterie, která se používá pro komerční výrobu antibiotik a také ve výzkumu jako hostitelský organismus při genovém klonování
Streptomyces rimosus: an actinomycete best known as the producer of the commercially important antibiotic oxytetracycline
Streptomyces rimosus: druh aktinobakterie, která je známým producentem komerčně významného antibiotika oxytetracyklinu
Streptomycetaceae: a family of soil bacteria. it also includes some parasitic forms
Streptomycetaceae: čeleď půdních bakterií. některé druhy mohou být také patogeny rostlin, živočichů i člověka
Streptomycin: an antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete streptomyces griseus. it acts by inhibiting the initiation and elongation processes during protein synthesis
Streptonigrin: complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from streptomyces flocculus or s. rufochronmogenus. it is used in advanced carcinoma and causes leukopenia
Streptophyta: a phylum of green plants comprising charophyceae (streptophyte green algae) and embryophyta (land plants)
Streptophyta: kmen zelených rostlin zahrnující charophyceae (parožnatky) a embryophyta (vyšší rostliny)
Streptothricins: a group of antibiotic aminoglycosides differing only in the number of repeating residues in the peptide side chain. they are produced by streptomyces and actinomyces and may have broad spectrum antimicrobial and some antiviral properties
Streptovaricin: a complex of ansamycin antibiotics consisting of streptovaricins a, b, c, d, e, f, g, j, and k of which streptovaricin c is the major component. (from merck index, 11th ed)
Streptozocin: an antibiotic that is produced by stretomyces achromogenes. it is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic: a class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month
Stress Disorders, Traumatic: anxiety disorders manifested by the development of characteristic symptoms following a psychologically traumatic event that is outside the normal range of usual human experience. symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event, increased arousal, and numbing of responsiveness to or reduced involvement with the external world. traumatic stress disorders can be further classified by the time of onset and the duration of these symptoms
Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute: a class of traumatic stress disorders that is characterized by the significant dissociative states seen immediately after overwhelming trauma. by definition it cannot last longer than 1 month, if it persists, a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (stress disorders, post-traumatic) is more appropriate
Stress Fibers: bundles of actin filaments (actin cytoskeleton) and myosin-ii that span across the cell attaching to the cell membrane at focal adhesions and to the network of intermediate filaments that surrounds the nucleus
Stress Granules: cytoplasmic granules composed of ribonucleoproteins which form only when stress-activated pathways stall translation initiation. stress granules and processing bodies both sequester inactive mrnps. stress granules clear mrnps through autophagy and may interact with p-bodies
Stress, Mechanical: a purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area
Stress, Physiological: the unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect homeostasis of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions
Stria Vascularis: a layer of stratified epithelium forming the endolymphatic border of the cochlear duct at the lateral wall of the cochlea. stria vascularis contains primarily three cell types (marginal, intermediate, and basal), and capillaries. the marginal cells directly facing the endolymph are important in producing ion gradients and endochoclear potential
Striae Distensae: linear dermal scars accompanied by epidermal atrophy that affects skin that is subjected to continuous stretching. they usually do not cause any significant medical problems, only cosmetic problems
Striatonigral Degeneration: a sporadic neurodegenerative disease with onset in middle-age characterized clinically by parkinsonian features (e.g., muscle rigidity; hypokinesia; stooped posture) and hypotension. this condition is considered a clinical variant of multiple system atrophy. pathologic features include a prominent loss of neurons in the zona compacta of the substantia nigra and putamen. (from adams et al., principles of neurology, 6th ed, p1075-6)
Stridor, Congenital: stridor (abnormal breathing sounds) due to congenital posterior cleft larynx. omim: 215800
Striga: a plant genus of the family orobanchaceae that is parasitic on the roots of other plants. members contain the flavones, apigenin and luteolin
Striga: rod cizopasných, nezelených rostlin z čeledi orobanchaceae, jehož zástupci obsahují flavony apigenin a luteolin
Strigiformes: an order of birds with the common name owls characterized by strongly hooked beaks, sharp talons, large heads, forward facing eyes, and facial disks. while considered nocturnal raptors, some owls do hunt by day
Strikes, Employee: work-related situations in which the employees as a group refuse to work until certain conditions of employment are granted by the employer
Stringiformes: řád ptáků žijící nočním životem. k tomu mají jeho zástupci celou řadu přizpůsobení. vynikající zrak se dokáže orientovat i za šera a za tmy. také sluch má velmi dobré schopnosti. sovy slyší myš šustící v trávě na velkou vzdálenost. peří má měkkou strukturu, takže soví let je téměř neslyšitelný. na první pohled jsou podobné dravcům. zobák je zahnutý určený k trhání kořisti, nohy jsou opatřené silnými drápy, které se zabodnou do těla kořisti. s dravci však nejsou vůbec příbuzné. (upraveno podle: biolib.cz 2019 https://www.biolib.cz/)
Strobilurins: benzene or pyrimidine derivatives of methacrylic acid that block the qo site of cytochrome b. they are widely used as agricultural fungicides
Stroke: a group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to brain ischemia or intracranial hemorrhages. stroke is classified by the type of tissue necrosis, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (from adams et al., principles of neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)
Stroke Rehabilitation: restoration of functions to the maximum degree possible in a person or persons suffering from a stroke
Stroke Volume: the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). it is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume
Stroke, Lacunar: stroke caused by lacunar infarction or other small vessel diseases of the brain. it features hemiparesis (see paresis), hemisensory, or hemisensory motor loss
Stromal Cells: connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. these are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere
Stromal Interaction Molecule 1: a stromal interaction molecule that functions in the regulation of calcium influx following depletion of intracellular calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum. it translocates to the plasma membrane upon calcium depletion where it activates the calcium release activated calcium channel orai1
Stromal Interaction Molecule 2: a stromal interaction molecule that functions as a highly sensitive calcium sensor in the endoplamsic reticulum and cytosol. it can regulate calcium release activated calcium channels in response to minor variations in intracellular calcium
Stromal Interaction Molecules: membrane-associated calcium-binding proteins that are characterized by n-terminal ef hand motifs and a sterile alpha motif. they function as sensors of endoplasmic reticulum calcium levels and translocate from the er to the plasma membrane to activate calcium channels in response to intracellular calcium depletion
Stromal Vascular Fraction: a fraction of adipose tissue prepared to enrich in stem cells with the capacity for multi-lineage differentiation. it is used in various applications for its tissue regeneration and immunomodulation activities
Strongyle Infections, Equine: infection of horses with parasitic nematodes of the superfamily strongyloidea. characteristics include the development of hemorrhagic nodules on the abdominal peritoneum
Strongylida: an order of nematodes of the subclass secernentea. characteristics include an h-shaped excretory system with two subventral glands
Strongylida: řád hlístic podtřídy secernentea. k charakteristickým znakům patří exkreční systém tvaru písmene h se dvěma subventrálními žlázami
Strongylocentrotus: a genus of sea urchins in the family strongylocentrotidae. they possess more than three pore pairs per ambulacral plate. the species strongylocentrotus purpuratus is commonly used for research
Strongylocentrotus: rod ježovek čeledi strongylocentrotidae. jejich ambulakrální destičky obsahují více než tři páry pórů. druh strongylocentrotus purpuratus (ježovka purpurová) se běžně používá pro výzkumné účely
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: a species of sea urchins in the family strongylocentrotidae found on the pacific coastline from alaska to mexico. this species serves as a major research model for molecular developmental biology and other fields
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: druh ježovek čeledi strongylocentrotidae, které se vyskytují v pobřežních vodách tichého oceánu od aljašky po mexiko. tento druh je významným modelem pro vývojovou molekulární biologii a další oblasti vědy
Strongyloidea: a superfamily of strongyles or roundworms which are parasites in the intestinal tract of equines, pigs, rodents, and primates (including man). it includes the genera cyasthostomum, ransomus, globocephalus, oesophagostomum, and strongylus
Strongyloidea: nadčeleď hlístic, které parazitují v trávicím traktu koní, prasat, hlodavců a primátů (včetně člověka). patří sem např. rody cyasthostomum, ransomus, globocephalus, oesophagostomum a strongylus
Strongyloides: a genus of parasitic nematodes widely distributed as intestinal parasites of mammals
Strongyloides: rod velmi rozšířených parazitických hlístic žijících ve střevech savců
Strongyloides ratti: druh parazitických hlístic vyskytujících se u krys
Strongyloides stercoralis: a species of parasitic nematode widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries. the females and their larvae inhabit the mucosa of the intestinal tract, where they cause ulceration and diarrhea
Strongyloides stercoralis: druh parazitických hlístic, jejichž hostitelem je člověk nebo pes. vyskytují se především v tropických a subtropických oblastech, ale jsou známy případy napadení i v čr. samičky a jejich larvy žijí ve střevě člověka, kde způsobují ulcerace a průjem. onemocnění se nazývá strongyloidóza. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2019 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Strongyloidiasis: infection with nematodes of the genus strongyloides. the presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea
Strongylus: rod střevních parazitických hlístic, které napadají zvířata i člověka
Strontium: an element of the alkaline earth family of metals. it has the atomic symbol sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62
Strontium Isotopes: stable strontium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element strontium, but differ in the atomic weight. sr-84, 86, 87, and 88 are the stable strontium isotopes
Strontium Radioisotopes: unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes
Stroop Test: timed test in which the subject must read a list of words or identify colors presented with varying instructions and different degrees of distraction. (campbell's psychiatric dictionary. 8th ed.)
Stroopův test: časově omezený test, ve kterém musí jedinec přečíst seznam slov nebo identifikovat barvy prezentované s různými pokyny a v různém stupni rozptýlení (např. seznam barev napsaných jinou barvou, než jakou barvu slovo vyjadřuje)
Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. the aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from strophanthus kombe, s. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. synonyms: apocymarin; corchorin; cynotoxin; corchorgenin
Strophanthins: a number of different cardioactive glycosides obtained from strophanthus species. ouabain is from s. gratus and cymarine from s. kombe. they are used like the digitalis glycosides
Strophanthus: a plant genus of the family apocynaceae that contains ouabain cardiac glycosides
Strophanthus: rod rostlin čeledi apocynaceae, jsou významné obsahem silných srdečních glykosidů, které jsou přítomny zejména v semenech a jsou využívány v lékařství. semena sloužila v africe i asii k výrobě šípových jedů a mají význam v místní medicíně. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Structural Homology, Protein: the degree of 3-dimensional shape similarity between proteins. it can be an indication of distant amino acid sequence homology and used for rational drug design
Structural Maintenance of Chromosome Protein 1: a central component of the cohesin protein complex involved in the cohesion of sister chromatids after dna replication and in dna repair
Structure-Activity Relationship: the relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups
Struma Ovarii: a rare teratoid tumor of the ovary composed almost entirely of thyroid tissue, with large follicles containing abundant colloid. occasionally there are symptoms of hyperthyroidism. 5-10% of struma ovarii become malignant, the only absolute criterion for which is the presence of metastasis. (dorland, 27th ed; segen, dictionary of modern medicine, 1992)
Struthioniformes: an order of flightless birds comprising the ostriches, which naturally inhabit open, low rainfall areas of africa
Struthioniformes: řád nelétavých ptáků, které zastupuje v současnosti jediný rod struthio (pštros). pštrosi žijí v afrických savanách a pastvinách
Struvite: the mineral magnesium ammonium phosphate with the formula nh4mgpo4. it is associated with urea-splitting organisms in a high magnesium, high phosphate, alkaline environment. accumulation of crystallized struvite is found in the urinary tract as struvite calculi and as scale on sewage system equipment and wastewater pipes
Strychnine: an alkaloid found in the seeds of strychnos nux-vomica. it is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. it has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison
Strychnos: a plant genus of the family loganiaceae (classified by some botanists as strychnaceae)
Strychnos nux-vomica: a plant genus of the genus strychnos, family loganiaceae that is the source of strychnine
Strychnos nux-vomica: druh rostlin rodu strychnos, čeledi loganiaceae. semena slouží jako surovina pro izolaci alkaloidů a výrobu léčiv. obsahují indolové alkaloidy (2 až 3 %), zejména strychnin (1 %) a brucin (1,5 %). kromě alkaloidů se v semeni vyskytují též hořčiny (loganin) a olej. alkaloidy se nacházejí i v kůře a v listech rostliny. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Student Dropouts: individuals who leave school, secondary or college, prior to completion of specified curriculum requirements
Students, Dental: individuals enrolled a school of dentistry or a formal educational program in leading to a degree in dentistry
Students, Health Occupations: individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program in the health occupations
Students, Nursing: individuals enrolled in a school of nursing or a formal educational program leading to a degree in nursing
Students, Pharmacy: individuals enrolled in a school of pharmacy or a formal educational program leading to a degree in pharmacy
Students, Public Health: individuals enrolled in a school of public health or a formal educational program in public health
Study Guide: tool used to help facilitate learning and comprehension of a topic or to help prepare for an examination
Study Guides as Topic: works about use of aids to help facilitate learning and comprehension of a topic or to help prepare for an examination
Stupor: a state of reduced sensibility and response to stimuli which is distinguished from coma in that the person can be aroused by vigorous and repeated stimulation. the person is still conscious and can make voluntary movements. it can be induced by central nervous system agents. the word derives from latin stupere and is related to stunned, stupid, dazed or lethargy
Sturge-Weber Syndrome: a non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. it is characterized by facial vascular nevi (port-wine stain), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (meninges; choroid). neurological features include epilepsy; cognitive deficits; glaucoma; and visual defects
Sturgeův-Weberův syndrom: autozomálně dědičné onemocnění (fakomatóza s angiomatózou) v oblasti trigeminu. onemocnění se manifestuje obv. jednostranným naevus flammeus v oblasti inervace trojklaného nervu, kavernózním névem v oblasti mening, glaukomem, atrofií mozku, epileptiformními křečemi a oligofrenií. na rtg. je patrné rozšíření mozkových komor. (cit. velký lékařský slovník online, 2016 http://lekarske.slovniky.cz)
Stuttering: a disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. this disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with brain infarctions and other brain diseases. (from dsm-iv, 1994)
Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome: a hereditary disorder characterized by multiple skeletal and craniofacial abnormalities; pulmonary hypertension; dysphagia; respiratory distress, and hyperthermia. most patients do not survive past infancy and those who do develop dysautonomia. it is caused by mutations in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor alpha subunit (lifr) gene. omim: 601559
Styracaceae: a plant family of the order ebenales, subclass dilleniidae, class magnoliopsida
Styracaceae: čeleď dvouděložných rostlin z řádu vřesovcotvaré (ericales). jsou to dřeviny s jednoduchými střídavými listy a bílými květy, rozšířené v asii a severní i jižní americe. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Styrax: a plant genus of the family styracaceae. sap of these asian trees are a source of a balsam (balsams). this styrax balsam is 3/4 coniferyl benzoate, 1/8 free benzoic acid, along with benzyl cinnamate, vanillin, and triterpenes
Styrax: rod rostlin čeledi styracaceae. velké množství z nich najdeme ve východní a jihovýchodní asii, ale některé rostou i v rovníkových oblastech jižní ameriky. styraxová pryskyřice je sušená míza z poškozených stromů, zbavených kůry. v současné době se vyrábí z různých druhů sturače. obsahuje ze 3/4 koniferylbenzoát, z 1/8 volnou kyselinu benzoovou, dále benzylcinamát, vanilin a triterpeny. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2020 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Styrene: a colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. it is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics
Styrenes: derivatives and polymers of styrene. they are used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastics, and resins. some of the polymers form the skeletal structures for ion exchange resin beads
Střední Amerika: jižní oblast severní ameriky rozprostírající se od jižní hranice mexika po severní hranici kolumbie. odděluje karibské moře od tichého oceánu a je panamskou šíjí spojena s jižní amerikou
Střední východ: oblast jihozápadní asie a severovýchodní afriky, obvykle se vymezuje od libye na západě až k afghánistánu na východě
Středoafrická republika: vnitrozemský stát ve střední africe. hraničí s čadem na severu, súdánem na severovýchodě, (od 9. července 2011) i jižním súdánem na východě demokratickou republikou kongo a republikou kongo na jihu a kamerunem na západě. hlavním městem a centrem republiky je město bangui. (upraveno podle wikipedie 2022 http://www.cs.wikipedia.org/)
Středoafričané: lidé pocházející ze střední afriky nebo obyvatelé této oblasti, kam patří kamerun, středoafrická republika, čad, kongo, rovníková guinea, gabon, konžská demokratická republika a svatý tomáš a princův ostrov. zahrnuje domorodé národy v povodí konga. někdy se jako středoafričané označují lidé, kteří jsou původem nebo obyvatelé středoafrické republiky
Středomoří: středozemní moře, středomořské ostrovy a všechny země s mořem hraničící
Středozemní moře: vnitřní moře obklopené na západě a severu evropou, na východě asií a na jihu afrikou
Sub-Saharan African People: people native to or inhabitants of sub-saharan africa including angola; benin; botswana; burkina faso; burundi; cabo verde; cameroon; central african republic; chad; congo; cote d'ivoire; democratic republic of the congo; djibouti; equatorial guinea; eritrea; eswatini; ethiopia; gabon; gambia; ghana; guinea; guinea-bissau; kenya; lesotho; liberia; malawi; mali; mauritania; mozambique; namibia; niger; nigeria; rwanda; sao tome and principe; senegal; sierra leone; somalia; south africa; south sudan; sudan; tanzania; togo; uganda; zambia; and zimbabwe
Subacute Care: medical and skilled nursing services provided to patients who are not in an acute phase of an illness but who require a level of care higher than that provided in a long-term care setting. (jcaho, lexikon, 1994)
Subacute Combined Degeneration: a neuropathy due to vitamin b 12 deficiency or to excessive nitrous oxide inhalation. it is associated with overproduction of the myelinolytic tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: a rare, slowly progressive encephalitis caused by chronic infection with the measles virus. the condition occurs primarily in children and young adults, approximately 2-8 years after the initial infection. a gradual decline in intellectual abilities and behavioral alterations are followed by progressive myoclonus; muscle spasticity; seizures; dementia; autonomic dysfunction; and ataxia. death usually occurs 1-3 years after disease onset. pathologic features include perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, neurophagia, and fibrous gliosis. it is caused by the sspe virus, which is a defective variant of measles virus. (from adams et al., principles of neurology, 6th ed, pp767-8)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: bleeding into the intracranial or spinal subarachnoid space, most resulting from intracranial aneurysm rupture. it can occur after traumatic injuries (subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic). clinical features include headache; nausea; vomiting, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Traumatic: bleeding into the subarachnoid space due to craniocerebral trauma. minor hemorrhages may be asymptomatic; moderate to severe hemorrhages may be associated with intracranial hypertension and vasospasm, intracranial
Subarachnoid Space: the space between the arachnoid membrane and pia mater, filled with cerebrospinal fluid. it contains large blood vessels that supply the brain and spinal cord
Subcellular Fractions: components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (from alberts et al., molecular biology of the cell, 2d ed, p163)
Subclavian Artery: artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. it distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb
Subclavian Steal Syndrome: a clinically significant reduction in blood supply to the brain stem and cerebellum (i.e., vertebrobasilar insufficiency) resulting from reversal of blood flow through the vertebral artery from occlusion or stenosis of the proximal subclavian or brachiocephalic artery. common symptoms include vertigo; syncope; and intermittent claudication of the involved upper extremity. subclavian steal may also occur in asymptomatic individuals. (from j cardiovasc surg 1994;35(1):11-4; acta neurol scand 1994;90(3):174-8)
Subclavian Vein: the continuation of the axillary vein which follows the subclavian artery and then joins the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
Subcommissural Organ: ependymal derivative located at the junction of the third ventricle and the cerebral aqueduct; and the somatostatin secreting cells
Subcutaneous Emphysema: presence of air or gas in the subcutaneous tissues of the body
Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal: fatty tissue under the skin in the region of the abdomen
Subcutaneous Tissue: loose connective tissue lying under the dermis, which binds skin loosely to subjacent tissues. it may contain a pad of adipocytes, which vary in number according to the area of the body and vary in size according to the nutritional state
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: a rare non-hodgkin and a cytotoxic t cell lymphoma, which preferentially infiltrates subcutaneous tissue. it is characterized by atypical lymphoid cells of varying size, typically with fragmentation of the nucleus and chromatin of dying tumor cells (karyorrhexis) and associated fat necrosis . about 20 percent of patients have autoimmune diseases
Subdural Effusion: leakage and accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the subdural space which may be associated with an infectious process; craniocerebral trauma; brain neoplasms; intracranial hypotension; and other conditions
Subdural Space: potential cavity which separates the arachnoid mater from the dura mater
Suberites: a genus of velvety smooth sponges in the family suberitidae, characterized by the ectosomal and choanosomal skeletons dominated by tylostyles (pin-like spicules with a pinched bulbous end)
Suberites: rod živočišných hub čeledi suberitidae s kostrou vyztuženou tylostyly (špendlíkovitými jehlicemi)
Subfornical Organ: a structure, situated close to the intraventricular foramen, which induces drinking behavior after stimulation with angiotensin ii
Subgenomic RNA: rna that results from virus replication of partial genomic regions. the process may involve specific internal transcriptional initiation and termination sites
Subgingival Curettage: removal of degenerated and necrotic epithelium and underlying connective tissue of a periodontal pocket in an effort to convert a chronic ulcerated wound to an acute surgical wound, thereby insuring wound healing and attachment or epithelial adhesion, and shrinkage of the marginal gingiva. the term is sometimes used in connection with smoothing of a root surface or root planing. (jablonski; illustrated dictionary of dentistry, 1982)
Subject Headings: terms or expressions which provide the major means of access by subject to the bibliographic unit
Subjective Stress: perceptions of psychological stress based on the individual's own personal values, beliefs and past and current experiences and circumstances
Sublimation, Chemical: the process of solids transforming into a gaseous state or vice versa, without passing through a liquid state
Sublimation, Psychological: a defense mechanism through which unacceptable impulses and instinctive urges are diverted into personally and socially acceptable channels; e.g., aggression may be diverted through sports activities
Subliminal Stimulation: stimulation at an intensity below that where a differentiated response can be elicited
Sublingual Gland: a salivary gland on each side of the mouth below the tongue
Sublingual Gland Neoplasms: neoplasms of the sublingual glands
Sublingual Immunotherapy: a method of treating an allergy by administering allergens, in liquid formulation or tablets, to the oral mucosa under the tongue