As a senior epidemiologist at a national public health institute, I need to prepare a comprehensive review report on caffeine dependence and its implications for long-term health to inform updated national dietary guidelines amid rising consumption trends. The report must systematically cover these dimensions: (1) Prevalence and Consumption Trends: What are the prevailing patterns of caffeine intake observed among U.S. adults based on surveys conducted between 2023 and 2025, encompassing average daily consumption levels and the predominant sources? How have these consumption trends shifted over recent years, particularly with the proportion of daily coffee drinkers reaching a notable 20-year peak in 2025, and what demographic factors contribute to these changes? Draw a line chart visualizing annual caffeine consumption per capita across age groups, noting increases among young adults. (2) Neurobiological Mechanisms of Dependence: How does chronic caffeine exposure lead to tolerance via adenosine receptor upregulation, as shown in 2023-2025 neuroimaging studies? What range of withdrawal symptoms, typically manifest upon cessation, and how do their severity and duration differ according to habitual dosage levels or individual physiological responses? Cite illustrative diagrams of caffeine's molecular interaction with adenosine receptors to depict the competitive antagonism process, clarifying the basis for stimulant effects and dependence formation. (3) Positive Long-Term Health Associations: What dose-response benefits does moderate intake offer against cardiovascular disease (reduced mortality) and type 2 diabetes? How do these extend to osteoporosis and healthy aging? What mechanisms underpin these positive outcomes, and how do they interact with lifestyle cofactors? Use a table comparing relative risks from 2023-2025 cohorts for all-cause mortality versus high intake, evaluating antioxidant mechanisms like chlorogenic acid's role. (4) Negative Long-Term Health Risks: How does high intake (>400 mg/day) correlate with anxiety, insomnia, and hypertension in longitudinal data? What conflicting views exist on cancer risks (neutral for most, protective for liver)? What distinctions emerge when contrasting results from observational epidemiological studies versus randomized interventional trials? Draw a radar chart contrasting effects on sleep quality, mood, and cardiovascular metrics across consumption levels, addressing biases in observational versus interventional studies. (5) Individual Variability and Recommendations: How do factors like age, genetics, and comorbidities influence outcomes, with slower metabolizers at higher dependence risk? What strategies mitigate withdrawal (e.g., gradual reduction)? Propose three tiered guidelines based on evidence, such as <200 mg/day for pregnant individuals, and identify research gaps in diverse populations.

评估清单 / Evaluation checklist:
Prevalence and Consumption Trends Analysis: Does the report analyze prevailing patterns of caffeine intake among U.S. adults based on surveys from 2023 to 2025?
Does it include a line chart visualizing annual caffeine consumption per capita across age groups?
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Dependence Documentation: Does the report document how chronic caffeine exposure leads to tolerance via adenosine receptor upregulation?
Does it cite illustrative diagrams of caffeine's molecular interaction with adenosine receptors?
Positive Long-Term Health Associations Evaluation: Does the report evaluate dose-response benefits of moderate caffeine intake against cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes?
Does it include a table comparing relative risks from 2023-2025 cohorts for all-cause mortality versus high intake?
Negative Long-Term Health Risks Assessment: Does the report assess how high caffeine intake correlates with anxiety, insomnia, and hypertension in longitudinal data?
Does it include a radar chart contrasting effects on sleep quality, mood, and cardiovascular metrics across consumption levels?
Individual Variability and Recommendations Proposal: Does the report propose three tiered guidelines based on evidence for caffeine consumption?
Does it identify research gaps in diverse populations?