NIHRDataInsights/HRCSData huggingface dataset:
Title: Confluence: Mansfield, disease and modernist aesthetics
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: The project examines the influence of disease on modernist short fiction, particularly as innovated by the writer Katherine Mansfield, whose short life was marked by illness. Looking at manuscript drafts of her short fiction, the stories she told her friends and relatives about her own illness, and her accounts of symptoms and reflections in her diaries and notebooks, this work will uncover the relationships between her own experience of illness and the literary form that she developed. The project uses a hybrid framework that combines the study of illness narratives, textual genetics and genre studies to uncover the trace of bodily influence on the short story. Overall, it aims at a deepened understanding of the interaction between experimental writing and tubercular disease in the first quarter of the twentieth century. The grant will enable archival research that will be published in two articles and, eventually, used to produce a monograph.


Research activity codes: 7.1 INDIVIDUAL CARE NEEDS
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Interpreter mediated social work: Utilising practitioner knowledge to address inequality
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: This research will utilise social worker and public service interpreter (PSI) knowledge to identify how joint working practices can be improved, to reduce inequality engendered by intersectional disadvantage. Individuals with limited English-language proficiency (LEP) are more likely to self-report poor health, be older, female and from low socio-economic backgrounds. This indicates that there are intersectional barriers which preclude access to services and impact on health outcomes. When attempting to access support, these barriers result in individuals deferring treatment, missing appointments, and leaving without advice. PSIs are therefore crucial to the provision of services. Existing research outlines challenges for both PSIs and social workers. These include difficulty assessing capacity, investigating safeguarding concerns and role confusion between professionals. The proposed research extends this knowledge base, shifting from the current focus on children and families & the charitable & voluntary sector to adult social care, and from identifying challenges towards developing best practice.


Research activity codes: 7.3 MANAGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Changing Safeguards for Children in Care: The Perpsectives of Care Experienced People and Practitioners
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: This study explores, through qualitative data and a survey, the impact of recent drastic legislative changes on children in state care. These changes were introduced during the Covid lockdown, without Parliamentary scrutiny, and removed a number of procedural safeguards regarding children in care. The Government has stated these changes are necessary due to the context of Covid. Critics have called for the changes to be revoked, citing the essential nature of such safeguards for ensuring the safety of society’s most vulnerable children. Within this debate the perspectives of care experienced people and frontline practitioners have been absent. This research will address that gap offering invaluable understandings of the impact and operationalisation of these changes. The research will further showcase ways by which some of the most vulnerable members of society can effectively be included in future policy and practice developments.


Research activity codes: 7.1 INDIVIDUAL CARE NEEDS;7.3 MANAGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Could disabled service employees get a better customers’ service evaluation rating when their service/work environment signals competence?
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: Disabled employees are found to receive lower service performance evaluation scores than their regular counterparts. We aim at examining how disabled service employees cope with competence-related prejudices of their front-line job demands and how employers can support them through the design of the service environment to signal high levels of competence. It involves two studies. The first study explores the phenomena through content analysis of blogs/experiences posted by disabled employees. This will be followed by semi-structured interviews with 10-15 disabled service employees. Snowball sampling will be used to recruit interviewees. The second study draws on the signalling theory to examine the effect of service environment quality signals (i.e. certificates of excellence) related to a successful or failed service outcome, on service evaluation of a service employee with a visible disability. A between-subject experiment with 500 randomly selected respondents, will be adapted, using sketches along with a written scenario.


Research activity codes: 7.1 INDIVIDUAL CARE NEEDS;8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Criminal Synergies: People Smuggling and the Organ Trade in North Africa
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: In response to what was termed the “refugee crisis” the European Union provided funding to Egypt and Sudan to prevent and fight irregular migration and people smuggling from North Africa into Europe. This externalisation approach to migration management has correlated with an increase in violence against migrant populations who are routinely subjected to arbitrary arrest, confinement, and deportation. Interviews I completed with African migrants in Cairo, Egypt (2014-2018) suggest that the militarisation of borders along the Central Mediterranean route has stimulated criminal synergies between smuggling networks and organ brokers. Refugees and displaced persons who are denied state protection are being targeted by organ brokers working in tandem with smugglers along clandestine migrant routes into and out of North Africa. This project will explore the empirical reality of this carceral landscape and the extra-legal service industry it has produced.


Research activity codes: 8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: TRIPS Compliance and Secondary Pharmaceutical Patents: The Case of Argentina
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: The World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) requires all countries to grant patents on pharmaceutical products. As patents provide monopoly-like rights of exclusion, worries that TRIPS may increase the price of drugs and have dire health effects abound. Accordingly, as developing countries have complied with TRIPS, they have been encouraged to take steps to ameliorate these possible effects, for example by introducing measures that reduce the grant of "secondary" patents, i.e. additional patents on existing drugs. Argentina has done this, introducing new guidelines for examining pharmaceutical patents that are modeled closely on those advocated by the United Nations, and other countries are regularly encouraged to emulate Argentina. Previous research suggests Argentina's measures work well, but the time period covered in that study limits the conclusions.This project fills the gap, with systematic before/after analyses of the examination outcomes of pharmaceutical patent applications filed in Argentina.


Research activity codes: 5.1 PHARMACEUTICALS;8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: The Weak Child: Twentieth-Century Illness and the Politics of Developmentalism
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: How do we understand the figure of the weak child within broader processes of US expansionism and experimental developmentalism? This research project explores the trajectories of different forms of infantile weakness in the Spanish Caribbean from the final two decades of the nineteenth century to the 1960s, namely malnutrition, malaria, neonatal infirmity, and poliomyelitis. I will analyse representations of these childhood ailments in newspapers, popular and medical magazines, essays, novels, photographs, and documentary film through the lens of scientific history and the development of paediatrics in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. I consider the weak child within the context of hemispheric relations and expanding US interventionism in the Caribbean region from the Spanish American War of 1898 until the Cold War. The project outcomes will be two journal articles, a special issue to come out of a two-day symposium, and a monograph.


Research activity codes: 8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Public Health in East Birmingham's Minoritised Communities: Removing Language Barriers to Accessing Public Health Information
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: This project aims to empower minoritised communities in East Birmingham to remove language barriers that prevent members of the communities from accessing public health information. While using the current COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, the project addresses shortcomings in the provision of translated public health information material in general. Similarly, findings from East Birmingham will be applicable to other socially diverse communities in the UK. The lack of access to health services due to language barriers has significant negative consequences for the physical and mental wellbeing of minoritised communities, and language-related health outcome inequities represent a major challenge for social inclusion and equality. Acknowledging that the central public provision of translation of all relevant material is politically, organisationally and financially challenging, the project aims at developing guidelines for community-initiated self-translation of relevant texts. Here, particular attention will be paid to the critical and ethical application of machine translation systems.


Research activity codes: 7.1 INDIVIDUAL CARE NEEDS
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Closing the physical and cognitive attainment gap for early years children through a home-based, gamified stability skills intervention: a pilot study.
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: Physical development is highlighted by the Early Years Foundation Stage and positively associates with cognition and academic achievement. COVID-19 has disrupted children’s educational trajectories; therefore, it is crucial to close the attainment gap. Motor skill development in young children is poor and require stability skills to be able to perform other motor skills, such as running, jumping, catching, and kicking. The proposed study seeks to pilot an innovative gamified, home-based intervention, to enhance stability skills in 4-5-year-old children over 12 weeks. We will assess motor skills (locomotor, object control, and stability), cognition and perceived competence pre-, post- and 6-weeks post-intervention. School readiness and motivation will also be assessed post-intervention. Experiences of parents who led interventions for their children will be explored through semi-structured interviews. These insights will inform a wider scaled intervention, helping to develop the resource that will allow others to run the activities at home or at school.


Research activity codes: 3.1 PRIMARY PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS TO MODIFY BEHAVIOURS OR PROMOTE WELL-BEING
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Legal Transplants and Policy Transfers: Legislating for Organ Donation in a Devolved UK
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: Wales, England and Scotland recently introduced opt-out systems for organ donation from deceased persons. Northern Ireland is currently consulting on whether to adopt a similar approach. While ethical issues in these ‘deemed consent’ regimes have been carefully considered, less attention has been paid to the political and legislative processes by which they have been adopted. By engaging with policy-makers and stakeholders, as well as reviewing parliamentary, policy and media outputs, our research evaluates the significance of these initiatives for the UK’s devolution settlement in health. We investigate the values pursued by law reformers and the extent of policy learning between them. Our socio-legal project will generate a rich case study of how health law is made across the UK, contributing to scholarship in law, ethics, and political science. Organ donation offers a comparative insight into policy convergence in the high-profile health sector, contrasting with the divergent responses to COVID-19.


Research activity codes: 8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Adults’ Decision-Making Regarding Teenagers’ Culpability in a Forensic Context
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: Although teenagers are a prominent part of adults’ lives, how adults evaluate teenagers and take decisions that affect them has received surprisingly limited research attention. Focusing on a context where decisions regarding teenagers are particularly consequential – judgements of teenagers’ culpability following crimes – two proposed online studies address three questions: How are adults’ decisions regarding teenagers’ culpability influenced by (1) adults’ attitudes towards teenagers, (2) common media framings of teenagers as belonging to a child or adult category, and (3) teenagers’ gender and ethnicity? By addressing these questions, the proposed research provides novel insights into the processes underpinning (and potentially biasing) adult decision-making regarding teenagers, and it helps validate a new scale assessing attitudes towards teenagers. The research also makes an important practical advance by identifying and promoting fairer treatment of teenagers, a topic of direct relevance to our key stakeholders (e.g., The Children’s Society) and wider society.


Research activity codes: 8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Investigating informal learning and development of healthcare professionals under macro-turbulence
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: The majority of workplace learning occurs on the job, informally. However, our understanding of informal learning is de-contextualised and we know little about how it takes place during times of adversity and macro-turbulence. The unprecedented strain the Covid-19 pandemic has placed on healthcare professionals renders healthcare a compelling setting to examine how individuals learn informally during crises. The proposed study will achieve this aim by focusing on interpersonal interactions as they are deemed an inherent aspect of the healthcare context and a key source of informal learning. We propose an inductive research design, undertaking 40 semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals in two NHS Trusts. The collected data will be analysed using thematic analysis and Gioa et al.’s methodology, while the findings will be disseminated through submissions to top academic outlets, knowledge-transfer workshops and a policy document.


Research activity codes: 7.3 MANAGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING;8.1 ORGANISATION AND DELIVERY OF SERVICES
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Investigating the safety concerns about shared mobility affecting women in the context of Mobility as a Service
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: This study will explore disadvantages and safety risks encountered by women in traveling via Mobility as a Service (MaaS), a resource efficient shared mobility offering that enables users, through smartphone apps, to access services that integrate multiple means of transport such as shared cars, bicycles and public transport, instead of private cars. The diffusion of MaaS can make personal mobility more environmentally sustainable by reducing the number of private cars in circulation. The lower propensity of women to use MaaS because of gender driven disadvantages, which can affect the scaling up of the diffusion of MaaS, needs research and identification of possible solutions. The study will investigate how shared mobility through offerings such as MaaS can fit into the personal transport practices that women currently adopt and how shared mobility offerings such as Mobility as a Service can be made safer and more inclusive of women.


Research activity codes: 7.1 INDIVIDUAL CARE NEEDS
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Disbelief and Disregard: The Gendered Experiences of Energy Limiting Chronic Illnesses in England.
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: This research will explore the gendered lived experiences of Energy Limiting Chronic Illnesses (ELCI) in England. ELCI include conditions in which people experience impairments in energy/fatigue, many of which are poorly understood, predominantly affect women and are met with disbelief rooted in histories of gendered medical bias. The significant rise in the number of people experiencing ELCI as a result of Long Covid makes understanding these conditions urgent. This project considers the potential to theorise and advocate for ELCI by looking at shared experiences, whilst remaining mindful of the specificity of particular conditions and intersectional differences in people’s experiences. It will do this through analysis of qualitative survey data (provided by Chronic Illness Inclusion) which document experiences of approx. 640 women, trans and non-binary people with ELCI in England in 2021. In doing so, the research will extend theoretical discussion on ‘epistemic injustice’, disbelief and stigma relating to chronic illness.


Research activity codes: 7.1 INDIVIDUAL CARE NEEDS
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Algorithmic Insurance for Healthcare Organizations
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: As machine learning algorithms start to get integrated into the decision-making process of healthcare organizations, insurance products will need to be developed to protect clinical decision makers from the resulting risk of liability. We introduce for the first time the concept of algorithmic insurance in the clinical setting. Our work presents a quantitative framework to enable pricing of professional liability taking into consideration hybrid decision making environments where both clinicians and machine learning models are involved. Our approach incorporates various properties of the model, such as accuracy, interpretability and generalizability, that can influence the insurance contract evaluation.


Research activity codes: 8.4 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGIES (HEALTH SERVICES)
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Digital trust and smart healthcare in Taiwan
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: This project examines the issue of trust in the context of smart healthcare (digital trust). The topic is significant because many countries are looking to digital transformation to cope with the increasing pressure on healthcare costs. Digital trust is a complex issue which goes beyond users’ experience and interaction with digital technology and connecting wearable and home smart devices. The extant research fails to capture the multi-level and multi-dimensional nature of digital trust. We contribute to this emerging research area by investigating patient users’ digital trust in terms of its nature, determinants, and implications for participation in smart healthcare. The project will involve collecting data through 3 focus groups and 15 one-to-one qualitative interviews with smart healthcare patient users in Taiwan. The findings could yield fresh empirical insights for a more nuanced understanding of digital trust and how it can be promoted to encourage users’ participation in smart healthcare.


Research activity codes: 8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Adoption of service robotics in adult social care – the effect of learning style on adoption
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: The social care sector in the UK witnessed 410,000 staff members leaving their jobs in 2020/21. Aiming to reduce dependence on care workers, this study investigates the use of service robotics to provide support to adults requiring care. It focuses on care contexts where digital inclusion is an emerging issue and examines how individuals’ learning styles may affect the adoption of robotic assistants. A mixed methods approach is adopted through observation, interviews, and experiment-based surveys using experimental robotic assistants, with people in care and carers who may influence their adoption. It will identify different segments of robotic assistant users, and their adoptions based on how they learn to adopt innovatory phenomena. The findings will add to the previous features-based / benefits-based literature by developing greater understanding of how groups with different learning styles should be approached to facilitate adoption. The findings will inform policy discussion about digital inclusion.


Research activity codes: 8.1 ORGANISATION AND DELIVERY OF SERVICES
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Lightening the global burden of disease? The contribution of international NGOs to population health, 1993-2020
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: Governments have increasingly restricted the activities of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) within their borders. These restrictions are often grounded in efforts to curb foreign influences. However, many INGOs provide local health workers and health organisations access to resources, knowledge, and other forms of support. This project will provide quantitative estimates of the contribution of health-focused INGOs to the mitigation of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost because of 21 disease categories between 1993 and 2020. We will utilise novel disaggregated data on more than 1,600 health INGOs and an original instrumental variable approach based on countries’ restrictions on INGO activity to quantify the impact of INGOs on population health in 96 countries. We will test the hypothesis that health INGOs provide a substantial contribution to lightening the global burden of disease and that hampering their spread has major adverse side-effects on the health of citizens worldwide.


Research activity codes: 8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE
Title: Assessing the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal for promoting organ donation across the UK
Funder: The British Academy

Abstract: In the UK there is a substantial shortage of organs for transplantation. Indeed, there are currently over 4,000 patients waiting for an organ transplant and someone dies each day waiting for a donor organ (NHS Blood and Transplant, 2021). Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the availability of donor organs. Two important strategies for increasing the availability of donor organs are increasing the number of people who are willing to a) register as an organ donor and b) allow a deceased family member’s organs to be transplanted. Previously, we have found people have various emotional beliefs towards organ donation and that these act as a barrier to donating one’s own and a family member’s organs. This project will assess whether improving people’s emotional beliefs towards organ donation through cognitive reappraisal increases their willingness to donate their own organs (Study 1) and a deceased family member’s organs (Study 2).


Research activity codes: 8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE
Health categories: GENERIC HEALTH RELEVANCE