NIHRDataInsights/HRCSData huggingface dataset:
Title: International Conference on Gastrointestinal Cancer Prevention 2014 with Consensus Conference on Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention.
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: ISCaP, the International Society for Cancer Prevention is a non-profit organization founded in 1995 with a mission to provide an international forum for research and development in cancer prevention, promote interaction among laboratory, epidemiological and clinical researchers in cancer prevention and conduct educational activities to enhance professional and public understanding of cancer prevention. ISCaP has so far organised 7 biennial Clinical Cancer Prevention meetings with special focus on bridging the gap between laboratory-based prevention activities in model systems and large scale clinical projects, such as the major prevention trials which have a more public health focus. The 8th biennial meeting will focus on gastrointestinal cancer prevention and will be held on June 24th and 25th, 2014, in Barcelona, Spain, alongside the ESMO 16th World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer. The Specific aims of this meeting are: 1. Review current cancer prevention and early detection strategies for GI cancers, focusing on colorectal cancers, with additional discussions of oesophageal and stomach cancers. 2. Facilitate interaction among scientists, and offer a forum for students, fellows, and early cancer prevention scientists to interact with senior leaders in this field. These interactions will stimulate research collaborations, introduce scientists and clinicians currently in training to the cancer prevention community, and inspire research efforts capable of propelling the field of cancer prevention forward. 3. Evaluate current evidence relating to GI cancer prevention, and produce consensus recommendations for the research and practice of colorectal cancer risk assessment, screening, and prevention. Current challenges and questions to be discussed: 1. Translation of preventive therapies into the clinic 2. Identification of high-risk populations 3. Early detection of high-risk populations 4. Prevention of colorectal, oesophageal, and gastric cancer Principal Topics to be covered are: 1. State of the science of colorectal tumorigenesis 2. Risk assessment and genetic testing for colorectal cancer 3. Colorectal screening and early detection biomarkers 4. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: recent advances in the field; 5. State of the science of oesophageal tumorigenesis 6. Novel strategies to prevent oesophageal cancer 7. International approaches to prevent gastric cancer, and 8. Discussion of and recommendations for research and practice methods in the prevention of colorectal cancer sufficient to support the development of a consensus statement.


Research activity codes: 3.5 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (PREVENTION)
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: Sponsorship for specialist meeting: Genes & Cancer 30th Anniversary Meeting 24 - 26 March 2014 Robinson College, Cambridge, UK
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: The Genes & Cancer Annual Meeting is the longest running cancer research meeting in the United Kingdom and 2014 marks our 30th anniversary year. The meeting will take place in Cambridge, England from 24 to 26 March 2014 and will highlight the latest advances in international cancer research. The Genes & Cancer 30th Anniversary Meeting is the premier forum for the presentation of new advances and research in the field of international cancer research. The 30th Anniversary Meeting will bring together leading scientists from around the world to discuss advances in cancer research. Annually, the meeting attracts up to 200 participants from the academic, scientific and commercial communities. A key aim of the meeting is to also provide an opportunity for junior researchers (early stage group leaders, post-docs and PhD students) to interact with leaders in cancer research. For our 30th anniversary year we have a headline list of speakers (please see http://www.genesandcancer.org.uk/). Topics under discussion will include established oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes, screening approaches for new cancer genes, stem cells and the tumour microenvironment. In addition, and in line with our commitment to promote early career scientists, the programme will also feature 10 short talks, selected from submitted abstracts. We are also delighted to announce our Keynote Speaker for the opening evening on Monday 24 March, Douglas Hanahan, Director of the Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC). The Meeting will be held at Robinson College at the University of Cambridge. Robinson College is the most recent addition to the 31 colleges. Founded in 1979, the College is committed to ensuring that it is an environment in which learning, research and creativity flourish. The College is set in beautiful, landscaped gardens and is situated close to the University Library and the West Cambridge Science Site.


Research activity codes: 2.6 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (AETIOLOGY)
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: Systematic reviews to underpin the development of a blood test for cancer
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: The consortium aims to provide implementable research findings, leading to a change in practice for the early diagnosis of cancers of all types. In this first phase of the project we wish to conduct systematic reviews and evidence gathering to answer the following questions: 1. What technologies exist that could be used for general cancer screening from a repeated blood sampling on a regular basis, and what is their state of development? a. How might these be measured in NHS practice and at what cost? b. What are the optimal sample types and sample storage conditions for the study? c. What pre-existing cohorts are available which might be used to obtain proof of principle for prospective studies? d. Which groups in the UK are active in this area of research? 2. What is the likely cost effectiveness of this approach? The aim is to develop a draft economic model to explore the likely costs and the potential impact on patient outcomes (including treatment, quality of life, morbidity and mortality) of a generic screen for cancer in a UK population. 3. What are the population and individual considerations for implementation and what would prospective patients find acceptable? Specific aims are: a) To conduct a systematic review of the available evidence to determine the acceptability to patients. b) To undertake a Delphi exercise to explore acceptability to the NHS of widespread adoption of a general screen for cancer using a single blood test, including key implementation issues. This will be used to support the draft economic model. c) To identify other UK groups that have an interest in this area and would be prepared to join the consortium.


Research activity codes: 8.2 HEALTH AND WELFARE ECONOMICS;4.5 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (DETECTION)
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: Understanding socioeconomic differences in help-seeking for breast cancer symptoms in the UK
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: Background There are substantial socioeconomic (SES) differences in both stage of diagnosis of breast cancer and, consequently, survival. These differences are thought to emerge during the patient interval (time between first noticing a symptom and first presentation to a doctor). It has been argued that interventions should seek to ‘equalise awareness of cancer signs and symptoms’ (Rutherford et al, 2013). However, there is little direct evidence about the extent of SES differences in the patient interval, and their underlying reasons. A range of other psychological factors (such as perceived risk, fear and fatalism) may be important, in addition to awareness. This work addresses the ‘Cancer early diagnosis and inequalities’ theme of the EDAG call. Aims To explore socioeconomic differences in the patient interval for breast cancer symptoms and the role of potential mediating factors. Outline plan We will apply our framework to explain SES differences in psychosocial predictors of cancer screening (von Wagner et al, 2011) and use the Symptom and Illness Attitude Model (SIAM; Petersen et al, 2011) to guide research. The primary objectives are to: 1. Review existing literature on factors associated with longer patient intervals for breast cancer to highlight factors relevant to SES and help-seeking. 2. Conduct a vignette study to explore SES differences in responses to breast cancer symptoms The key outcome is intended time to help-seeking. 3. Examine potential mediators of SES differences in help-seeking, including risk perception, cancer fear and fatalism, by assessing these factors in the vignette survey. 4. Conduct in-depth qualitative work with those reporting breast cancer symptoms to explore symptom interpretation and help-seeking. Outline plan After reviewing the existing literature on factors associated with longer patient intervals and socioeconomic differences in timeliness of presentation for breast cancer, we will conduct two empirical studies; i) a vignette survey using different scenarios of symptomatic presentations to explore patient group differences in intended help-seeking by symptom type (e.g. armpit lump vs. nipple change), and underlying reasons for these differences and ii) a qualitative (semi-structured) interview study of women who have reported at least one potential breast symptom, to further elucidate differences in responses to symptoms by socioeconomic group. How the results will be used The results will lead to further studies of patient factors as a source of socioeconomic and other (age, gender) inequalities, and will be used to inform the development of interventions aimed at reducing inequalities in earlier diagnosis and survival.


Research activity codes: 4.3 INFLUENCES AND IMPACT;4.2 EVALUATION OF MARKERS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: Knowledge Exchange: Exploring the relationships between tobacco control organisations and their key stakeholders
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: Knowledge Exchange: Exploring the relationships between tobacco control organisations and their key stakeholders BACKGROUND Smoking is the single most avoidable risk factor for cancer and the tobacco industry is recognised as an important vector. The Tobacco Control Research Group at the University of Bath has developed a framework for monitoring and disseminating knowledge on the activities of the tobacco industry and their impacts on UK policy. In June 2012, the Group launched a ground-breaking new online resource which provides up-to-date information on the tobacco industry and its allies, and how they influence and distort public health debates. This website is an innovative way of publishing contemporary research, allowing preliminary findings to be made publicly available online prior to the publication of peer-reviewed academic articles. AIMS To enhance our ability to respond effectively to the rapidly evolving UK policy agenda, the purpose of the present project is to build our knowledge exchange capacity with key stakeholders by learning from the best practice of other international tobacco control organisations. In addition, to help ensure the ongoing sustainability and relevance of our tobacco industry monitoring work, the project aims to form collaborations and scope out future joint research. METHODS Interviews with key personnel will be undertaken to explore successful knowledge exchange techniques and experiences. A content analysis will be conducted to identify key practices of two different tobacco control organisations, one research and one advocacy. I will present our work to the collaborating institutions and arrange subsequent research planning meetings to produce a plan of action going forward. This will involve exchanging current preliminary research findings and research methods. HOW THE RESEARCH WILL BE USED A broader understanding of the way in which international institutions operate within a policy context will be used to inform best practice in knowledge exchange and will facilitate our ability to achieve the maximum impact from our academic research. It is also anticipated that the project will establish future international research collaborations and broaden the remit of our work.


Research activity codes: 8.3 POLICY, ETHICS AND RESEARCH GOVERNANCE;3.5 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (PREVENTION)
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: Centre Senior Appointments
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: Senior appointments associated with a Centre: The Cambridge Cancer Research Centre is a major new research collaboration which exists though a unique partnership between Cancer Research UK, Cambridge University, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cambridge University Health Partners. The Centre will be funded by Cancer Research UK to the tune of ú2 million a year and joins our specialist network of cancer Centres across the UK. Researchers at the Centre will concentrate on understanding the biology of how and why cancers develop, particularly breast, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, oesophageal, blood and prostate cancers. Scientists will also focus on developing new ways to detect cancer though cutting-edge imaging techniques.


Research activity codes: 5.9 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (TREATMENT DEVELOPMENT);4.5 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (DETECTION)
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: Student Meeting Poster Prize 2013
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: Investigating genomic evolution and acquired resistance in solid cancers by sequencing plasma DNA Systemic cancer treatment, particularly with molecularly targeted drugs, leads to therapeutic selection of resistant sub-clones in a tumor. Even appropriately selected patients who respond to systemic treatment at first, almost always progress to develop acquired resistance. Identification of mechanisms of acquired resistance is challenging because it requires repeat biopsies from multiple metastatic sites. In cancer patients, a variable fraction of cell-free circulating DNA in plasma is contributed by the tumor and carries tumor-specific somatic mutations. This provides an opportunity for non-invasive real-time assessment of changes in the cancer genome. We developed tagged-amplicon deep sequencing (TAm-Seq), a method for sequencing gene-sized regions from fragmented DNA to thousands fold coverage using PCR amplicons. In patients with advanced metastatic cancers receiving systemic treatment, TAm-Seq allows de novo identification of mutations in plasma DNA with 97% accuracy for mutations present at 2% allele fraction. In six patients with breast, ovarian and lung cancer, we performed exome sequencing and comparison of plasma DNA obtained before treatment and at relapse, allowing identification of biologically plausible mutations enriched due to therapeutic selection. In summary, circulating tumor DNA offers a promising opportunity for non-invasive identification of mechanisms of acquired resistance in advanced cancer patients. With further development, sequencing regions of interest in plasma of patients with acquired resistance could allow rational selection of further treatment.


Research activity codes: 2.6 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (AETIOLOGY);5.9 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (TREATMENT DEVELOPMENT)
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: Glasgow ECMC, Stratified Medicine Programme 2, Year 1
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: Working closely with our funding partners and network of hospitals and genetics labs developed in Stratified Medicine Programme 1 , we will: •Genetically screen up to 2,000 non-small cell lung cancer patients a year to identify the key genetic faults driving the growth of their cancer •Continue to pioneer the use of Next Generation Sequencing technology in the NHS •Use this information to match patients to the best treatment option from the multiple “arms” of The National Lung Matrix Trial


Research activity codes: 4.2 EVALUATION OF MARKERS AND TECHNOLOGIES;4.5 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (DETECTION)
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: Edinburgh ECMC, Stratified Medicine Programme 2, Year 1
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: Working closely with our funding partners and network of hospitals and genetics labs developed in Stratified Medicine Programme 1 , we will: •Genetically screen up to 2,000 non-small cell lung cancer patients a year to identify the key genetic faults driving the growth of their cancer •Continue to pioneer the use of Next Generation Sequencing technology in the NHS •Use this information to match patients to the best treatment option from the multiple “arms” of The National Lung Matrix Trial http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/funding-for-researchers/how-we-deliver-research/our-research-partnerships/stratified-medicine-programme


Research activity codes: 4.2 EVALUATION OF MARKERS AND TECHNOLOGIES;4.5 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (DETECTION)
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: A generation free from tobacco: making it happen
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: Background: The Scottish Government has set a target of becoming “tobacco-free” by 2034, so that a child born when the target was announced would turn 21 in a society that could be considered free from tobacco. This puts Scotland at the forefront of a historic shift in the international public health community – we no longer limit our ambitions to managing or containing tobacco, but believe that we can finish the job altogether. Yet while there is much in the Scottish context that is conducive to progressive tobacco control measures, there are also specific challenges to be overcome, not least the persistence of inequalities in smoking rates and the current lack of well-evidenced approaches to effectively engage deprived communities. Previous funding from Cancer Research UK has enabled ASH Scotland to play a pivotal role in creating the environment in which this ambitious vision could be adopted. This proposal now sets out how we believe we can accomplish the shift in understanding of the problem, and stimulate the renewed passion and innovative approaches needed to deliver on the vision of a generation free from tobacco. Aims: 1) To build understanding and support for Scotland’s 2034 end-game target; 2) To reduce the number of young people in Scotland who start to smoke 3) To decrease the number of people exposed to and affected by second hand smoke 4) To maximise the health impact of cessation and harm reduction initiatives 5) To tackle health inequalities arising from tobacco use in Scotland 6) To maintain culture of Scotland as a leading voice in tobacco control The project: The project will centre on policy-focussed work, although this will be founded upon the best available research and evidence base. We will collate the most up to date literature in each of the subject areas outlined above, and use this evidence as the basis for policy proposals to be taken forward with central and local government and other stakeholders. In addition to various set piece events and reports we will utilise our existing communication networks and external media to disseminate results.


Research activity codes: 3.1 PRIMARY PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS TO MODIFY BEHAVIOURS OR PROMOTE WELL-BEING;3.5 RESOURCES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (PREVENTION)
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS
Title: Missed opportunities for earlier cancer diagnosis along the diagnostic pathway and effect on colorectal cancer diagnosis following emergency presentation: importance of healthcare and patient-related factors
Funder: Cancer Research UK

Abstract: Background More than 20% of colorectal cancers in England are diagnosed after emergency presentation (EP) and this is associated with poorer survival. In a proportion of these patients, opportunities to diagnose cancer earlier might have been missed. International data show that missed opportunities for earlier diagnosis can occur in 1/3 of colorectal cancer patients having initially presented to primary care. Older age, ethnic minority and comorbidities increase the risk. In England, audits have provided insights into significant events and missed opportunities, but audit data may be limited by participation bias. Further research using large representative cohorts of colorectal cancer patients is needed to increase our understanding of missed opportunities and assess their impact on cancer diagnosis after EP. Aims a) Quantify and characterize missed opportunities occurring after initial presentation to primary care with possible cancer symptoms, focusing on colorectal cancers diagnosed after EP. b) Examine patient and healthcare related factors associated with missed opportunities. c) Estimate the effect of missed opportunities on the probability of emergency cancer diagnosis. d) Estimate the potential benefits that could be obtained if missed opportunities were reduced. Methods We will link the National Cancer Registry data to the Hospital Episode Statistics and the Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD) data for all patients with an incident colorectal cancer recorded between 2008 and 2012. Patients diagnosed following EP will be compared with non-EP colorectal cancer diagnoses. Using the CPRD records we will initially describe the temporal distribution of pre-specified potential cancer signs/symptoms (here called 'candidate signs'), investigations and referrals prior to cancer diagnosis. The associations between 'candidate signs' and patient characteristics and investigations/referrals will be examined in generalised linear models. We will identify the missed opportunities among the list of 'candidate signs' and estimate the association between missed opportunities and EP, taking into account patient characteristics, referrals/investigation and GP consultations. We will use joint modelling of survival and longitudinal data to identify the subgroups of patients (based on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics) with higher probability of EP. How the results will be used The study will provide population-based results that can inform the design and implementation of targeted interventions for reducing emergency cancer diagnosis and improving early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.


Research activity codes: 4.2 EVALUATION OF MARKERS AND TECHNOLOGIES;8.2 HEALTH AND WELFARE ECONOMICS
Health categories: CANCER AND NEOPLASMS