NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La gestion de la face et de la figuration lors d'interactions interculturelles au sein d'une organisation à but non lucratif

In a society where many workers seek to engage in meaningful, mission-centered work, non-profit organizations (NPOs) are an increasingly attractive workplace. NPOs’ focus on employee engagement, participation and collaborative practices has sometimes meant that scholars have neglected the unique challenges of managing conflicts in this organizational context. Some researchers state that conflict is viewed as inappropriate for NPOs, whereas others argue that conflict is ubiquitous in all types of organizations. Although, the concepts of face and facework are often used to examine organizational and intercultural conflicts, few if any empirical studies have analyzed conflict in NPOs using this theoretical framework. As face and facework are co-constructed in and through interaction, this thesis focuses specifically on this “meso” analytic level, while also taking into account the intercultural dimensions of interactions. Based on observations of team meetings and interviews with team members of a culturally-diverse NPO in Montreal, this thesis aims to understand how members of the organization managed their face and facework during intercultural interactions. Relying on an analysis of speech acts, the results revealed that tensions are indeed viewed as inappropriate, but that participants used facework strategies that avoided or minimized them and oriented their facework to transcendent objectives.

Keyphrases: Face, Interactions, Communication interculturelle, Approche qualitative, Facework, Organizational communication, Intercultural communication, Non-profit organizations, NPOs, Conflict, Speech acts, Qualitative research
Création et validation d’un outil d’appréciation interdisciplinaire en français et en arts plastiques destiné aux enseignants du primaire pour sélectionner des albums jeunesse

The richness of the text and images in some children's books can be used for cultural and interdisciplinary teaching in French and in the visual arts at the primary level. However, there are few tools to support and encourage teachers to apply such practices. The objective of this research and development is to design and test a tool for elementary school teachers to develop, among students, the skills to appreciate literary and artistic works, such as targeted in French and visual arts curriculum (MEQ, 2001) using a children's book. More specifically, this objective has been divided into three sub-objectives: 1) to design a prototype with the help of experts; 2) to develop the prototype based on testing with teachers; and 3) to develop a repertoire of children's books with pedagogical suggestions for validating the tool and encouraging the implementation of interdisciplinary practices in French and the visual arts. The prototype was evaluated by six experts and five elementary school teachers. The data collected from the evaluation questionnaires, the logbook kept during the training sessions and the documents related to the prototype made it possible to conclude that the tool allowed to deepen the teachers' knowledge concerning children's books and the skills "to appreciate". The creation of the repertoire based the modified version of the prototype also demonstrates that the children's books contain many elements appropriate for implementing interdisciplinary practices.

Keyphrases: arts, research and development, children's book, appreciation, elementary school teachers, visual arts, French, interdisciplinarity
The role of coping style in the relationship between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in young adults

Introduction: Identifying potential mechanisms underpinning the association between stressful life events and depression is key to developing targeted public health interventions. To cope with stressful experiences, individuals adopt coping styles which are differentially associated with depressive symptoms. However, no study has assessed whether coping style mediates and/or moderates this association. Objectives: To examine each of problem-focused, emotion-focused and avoidant coping style as a mediator and/or moderator of the association between stressful life events and depressive symptoms in young adults. Methods: The Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) is a longitudinal study including 1294 participants recruited in grade 7 from 10 high schools in Montreal Quebec between 1999–2000. The current analysis uses data (n = 782) from self-report questionnaires collected post-high school between 2011–2012. Using VanderWeele’s four-way decomposition approach, the total effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms was decomposed into components representing moderation only, mediation only, mediated interaction and neither mediation nor moderation by each coping style. Results: We observed moderation by problem-focused coping (β ̂(95%CI)=-1.51(-2.22, -1.06)) and mediation (0.15(0.05, 0.17)) and moderation (1.16(1.05, 1.68) by emotion-focused coping.  An avoidant coping style neither mediated nor moderated this association. Thus, individuals reporting more problem-focused coping experienced fewer depressive symptoms when exposed to more stressful life events; those reporting more emotion-focused coping experienced more depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These results suggest that preventive interventions for depression in young adults should include components to reinforce problem-focused coping strategies and should minimize negative emotion-focused coping strategies.

Keyphrases: Stressful life events, Coping style, Depression, Young adults, Mediation analysis
Violences en contexte conjugal et stratégies de protection adoptées par les femmes

Intimate partner violence can take different forms (physical, sexual, verbal psychological and economic). They may change in frequency and intensity over time. Various strategies can be used to deal with such violence. The present study examines the protection strategies adopted by 75 women who experienced at least one form of intimate partner violence within a window period of three years. Data were collected during face-to-face interviews using closed-ended questions and life history calendars. The aim is to present a portrait of the strategies implemented by victims to minimize revictimization. When the dynamics of the events are not taken into consideration, the results suggest a relative effectiveness of the measures used.

Keyphrases: Intimate partner violence, Protection strategies, Victimization path, Life history calendar, Quantitative methodology
Séquestration nucléolaire des histones durant le traitement anticancer à l'inhibition du protéasome : un mécanisme inédit de régulation
post-traductionnelle, possiblement à l'origine de la mort cellulaire.

By degrading most of cellular proteins, the proteasome is positioned as a key regulator of the proteome, against which most tumors have a strong addiction, due to the protein imbalance that characterizes them. Although its inhibition has been shown to be a good anticancer strategy, it is still limited to blood cancers. Unfortunately, their treatment sooner or later becomes compromised by cellular resistance. This is why the elucidation of the mechanism of death involved could allow a better understanding of this resistance, which would in turn constitute the basis for a more effective treatment One of the most spectacular and early events to manifest during this treatment is the massive deubiquitylation of histone H2A on lysine (K) 119. A rather paradoxical positive correlation between this event, which is associated with gene expression, and cellular sensitivity to proteasome inhibition, has been noticed. This led to an interest in its biological significance. Cancer and primary cells have been used as systems for proteomic study by immunoblot and immunofluorescence, to analyze chromatin status and the spatio-temporal distribution of histones during proteasome inhibition. Chemical inhibitors, interfering RNAs and expression vectors have been used for this purpose. An impressive phenomenon occurring during the proteasome inhibition has been revealed. Indeed, a drastic drop in histones level on chromatin occurs simultaneously with the deubiquitylation of H2A-ub (K119). The proteasome being inhibited, these, and possibly histones synthesized in S phase, would undergo an irreversible translocation in the nucleoli before the onset of apoptosis. This phenomenon is replicated by various proteasome inhibitors and siRNA, and occurs in both cancer and primary cells, but not in resistant cells, which do not demonstrate deubiquitination of H2A-ub (K119). Furthermore, overexpression of exogenous histones has been shown to lead to their nucleolar translocation, and it is thought that the combination of proteasome inhibition with this overexpression could be lethal. Although mostly preliminary, the results would reveal a surprising mechanism of post-translational regulation of endogenous histones, which would be sequestered in nucleoli when not incorporated into chromatin. Indeed, inhibition of the proteasome causes a significant disruption of the chromatin for several hours. Due to the intrinsic cytotoxicity of free histones and to their great cellular abundance, these may well be the cause of the death induced by proteasome inhibition. Finally, as a major stress sensor, the nucleolus could be the starting point of the death signaling.

Keyphrases: Cancer, H2A-ub (K119), Histones, Proteasome, Resistance, Biomarker, Deubiquitylation, Nucleoli, Apoptosis
Exploitation du potentiel thérapeutique des cellules Natural Killer pour traiter les cancers

Despite the overwhelming success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T lymphocytes against leukemias, some limitations have been observed, such as the risk of developing CRS and the lack of efficiency in solid tumor settings. Many other cell-based immunotherapies have been explored to circumvent those caveats. Natural killer (NK) cells present many advantageous properties that could make them a very promising alternative to T cells in immunotherapies. However, NK cells have some caveats, mainly they are hard to modify using conventional tools and they are sensitive to many inhibitory signals expressed by cancer cells. We managed to greatly improve the efficiency of transduction using a novel viral glycoprotein, BaEVRless. In the process, we determined that this novel enveloppe glycoprotein did not modify the phenotype or intrinsic activity of the transduced NK cells. In a leukemia model, we also showed that the BaEVRless can be used to generate functionnal CAR-NK cells. Moreover, the NK cells can be transduced with larger lentiviral constructions bearing two simultaneous CAR-coding sequences. We also demonstrated that Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) modification of NK cells using a non-viral approach was possible. Using this approach, we generated NK cells with lower NKG2A expression, that were resistant to the inhibitory effects of HLA-E. This affect was seen in a breast cancer model and a colon cancer model. The in vitro results were confirmed in an in vivo preclinical xenogeneic model. Together, those results represent two improvements applicable to NK cell-based immunotherapies.

Keyphrases: Transduction, HLA-E, NKG2A, Immunotherapy, NK cells, Chimeric antigen receptors
La prématurité et le développement moteur

Prematurity (<37 weeks of gestation) influences considerably children’s developmental prognosis. Motor deficits are among the long-term consequences of this condition. This chapter presents current knowledge on the motor development of the premature child, with a particular emphasis on the difficulties of diagnosing developmental coordination disorder (CDD) resulting from preterm birth, its neurological causes and clinical assessment of tools.

Keyphrases: Prematurity, Motor development, Neurological causes, Developmental coordination disorder (CDD), Diagnostic tools
La distinction entre l’être et l’essence chez Hervé de Nédellec

Hervaeus Natalis o.p. played a leading role in defending the doctrinal heritage of Thomas Aquinas against the effects of the condemnations of the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th centuries. Nevertheless, he would have supported a position on the distinction between being and essence which is irreconcilable with the Thomasian distinction, even though this element is central to the thought of the illustrious Dominican. The present study verifies this discrepancy and give an account of it, considering the historical context and the role assumed by Hervaeus in the defence of the thought of his confrere. Allen (1958) characterizes the Hervean perspective by its essentialism and its semantic approach, as well as by the rejection of the real distinction (Giles of Rome and Aquinas) and the intentional distinction (Henri of Ghent). He also evokes the influence of Godfrey of Fontaines, Siger of Brabant and Averroes with regard to the distinction between being (esse) and essence according to the mode of signifying adopted by Hervaeus. These claims are here confirmed by the exposition and comparison of the ontological principles assumed by the different stances. By the same token, it is made clear that Siger of Brabant, Godefroid of Fontaines, Hervaeus Natalis and also Dietrich of Freiberg, the proponents of the semantic distinction, reject the opposing positions on the basis of the same elements that they criticize in them. The doctrinal community between the distinction according to the mode of signifying and the Modist theory, as well as their common source in the Commentary on the Metaphysics of Averroes are also brought to light. The Modists distinguish between the object signified and the properties concerning (circa) the object signified. In the semantic perspective, essence, ens and esse are conceived as properties concerning the object signified in the manner of the circa properties of speculative grammar. Like the circa properties, “essence”, “ens” and “esse” do not differ because they signify different determinations, but they differ in the sense that they signify the same thing in different ways. The analysis of the objections raised by the proponents of the semantic distinction and of the constitutive elements of their position provides new tools for appreciating the distinction between being (esse) and essence in Aquinas. It proves to proceed from a theoretical framework that is irreconcilable with that adopted by Hervaeus. We argue here that this doctrinal freedom of Hervaeus is explained by the fact that the distinction between being (esse) and essence was not constitutive of the Thomasian fund concerned by the Dominican teaching ordinances of the end of the 13th and beginning of the 14th centuries, especially since it was not targeted by the ecclesial doctrinal condemnations nor by the correctory of William de la Mare.

Keyphrases: Hervaeus Natalis, Distinction between being and essence, Real distinction, Semantic distinction, Latin Averroism, Speculative grammar, First Thomistic school, Thomas Aquinas, Dietrich of Freiberg
Contribution de l’imagerie dronique pour la caractérisation des paramètres biophysiques des cultures agricoles

Thanks to information technologies and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), precision agriculture is refining the scale of observation and intervention, from the field to the individual plant. Remote sensing, in particular through satellite imagery, has also made it possible to monitor the crop dynamics, with increasing time frequency and spatial resolution. Crop vigor is a crucial parameter allowing the optimization of inputs, and consequently economic and environmental benefits. Several ways to estimate crop vigor are possible. For a row crop such as corn (Zea Mays L.), aboveground biomass has been favored and will serve as a proxy for vigor. Our study is based on the hypothesis that the recent advent of agricultural UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) will pave the way for a better estimation of crop vigor. We assume that the flexibility of the UAV combined with the very high spatial resolution of their images will allow a more accurate monitoring of crop vigor, both in space and time – conditions which are critical for the deployment of precision agriculture. Research over the past 15 years has relied on the UAV to collect images of very high spatial resolution. However, the processing of those images is mainly based on vegetation indices, especially the NDVI. Several questions arise from the above observations: – Is the use of NDVI the most efficient way to exploit the spatial resolution of UAV images? If not, is there a better way to exploit this imagery? – How to respond to time and logistical constraints in the image processing so that it is ultimately adopted by farmers? – Since UAV-borne sensors can be oriented quite freely, what are the effects of the acquisition angles on the results? First, we assessed the relevance of the traditional approach which uses the NDVI index to determine crop parameters. To do that, we compared the UAV platform with the GreenSeeker proximal sensor. The results showed that the UAV is less efficient than the GreenSeeker in estimating corn biomass. We thus moved away from the traditional approach and opted for a method extracting the apparent leaf area, through computer vision techniques applied to RGB images. This method took advantage of the very high spatial resolution offered by UAV images and produced a robust proxy for corn biomass, at the surface (per square meter) and row levels. We also found that the results were not affected by the acquisition angles of the images (nadir and oblique). Therefore, this research opens the perspective to UAV applications in precision agriculture, for the estimation of vigor and other fundamental parameters used in input optimization algorithms. It also offers the possibility to imagine non-UAV based platforms for the acquisition of very high resolution images in the context of fertilization.

Keyphrases: UAV, Precision agriculture, Remote sensing, Crop vigor, Biomass, Corn, Fertilization
Développement d’un instrument d’évaluation de l’environnement des personnes ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is prevalent in 1% of the world's population. Within individuals living with ASD, some environmental elements (e.g., noise, light, distribution) are just some disruptive factors; the manifestations may persist throughout life. Therefore, it is important to assess the environment in order to provide interventions for adults living with ASD, improving their quality of life. Purpose: To develop tool for assessing the environment of adults living with ASD. Methods: This study was developed in two steps: 1) Exploration of environmental factors that impact young people living with ASD with parents and 2) Consultation of potential users about the first version of the HoPE - ASD version.  Results: The HoPE-ASD version was developed on the basis of the Model of Competence, explaining the person-environment relationship, considering the human and non-human environmental components that have an impact on adults living with ASD (e.g., sensory elements, related to the safety and functionality of spaces, stability, visitors or trusted persons). During the consultation of potential users (occupational therapists), some modifications related to the content, mode of administration, format and applicability of the instrument were suggested. Conclusion: The HoPE-ASD version could fill a gap in the clinical and scientific practice of occupational therapists working with adults living with ASD. Thus, environmental interventions adapted to this population will be promoted.

Keyphrases: Autism spectrum disorders, Environment, Assessment, Person-environment interaction, House, Life environment, Occupational therapy, Accessibility
Interventions innovantes dans le traitement des maladies valvulaires mitrales et aortiques : options de traitement actuelles et perspectives futures

Valvular heart disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In western countries, mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis are the most frequent valvular pathologies and their prevalence increases with age. With the increase in life expectancy in these countries, the prevalence of degenerative valve disease will increase with a significant burden on healthcare systems. Advances in cardiac surgery as well as new breakthroughs in interventional cardiology have considerably modified the management of patients with valvular disease, by offering minimally invasive approaches, especially for patients at high surgical risk. In this thesis, two retrospective cohort studies were carried out. The first compares the postoperative and 3 years outcomes of mitral valve surgery vs MitraClip, a transcatheter procedure, in 259 patients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation. The second study compares the postoperative results of two minimally invasive techniques (ministernotomy and minithoracotomy) for aortic valve replacement to conventional sternotomy. In the first study, MitraClip procedure had lower postoperative and 3-year mortality rate than surgery, but it was associated with higher recurrence rate of mitral regurgitation after 3 years. The second study showed that the two minimally invasive approaches had similar intrahospital mortality rate to sternotomy. Minithoracotomy was associated with less perioperative bleeding and less pain at rest than sternotomy. In conclusion, minimally invasive approaches offer an excellent alternative to conventional surgery in the treatment of valvular disease. The clinical benefits are more highlighted when patients are properly selected; hence the importance of a "Heart Team" that collaborates for better patient care.

Keyphrases: MitraClip, Cardiac surgery, Cardiology, Mitral regurgitation, Minimally invasive surgery, Aortic valve replacement