NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Incidence, sévérité et impact à long terme des évènements hémorragiques et la qualité de vie après le remplacement de valve aortique mécanique chez les jeunes adultes

The aortic valve is a central component of the heart, experiencing high strain. The consequences of any dysfunctions are usually important, notably heart failure, which in itself is associated with many symptoms and lower quality of life. To prevent this complication, it is possible to replace the valve with a prosthesis. There are many options for the surgeon’s team and the patient to choose from. The latest American guidelines do not have clear recommendations for patients aged between 50 and 70 years. These patients aged 65 years and less, categorized as non-elderly adults, are receiving less and less mechanical prosthesis in profit of the biological ones. This trend seems to be based in part on some studies suggesting comparable survival between these alternatives. Moreover, the mechanical valve is frequently not recommended because it necessitates a lifelong anticoagulant treatment. However, few studies have reported a long-term follow-up of these younger patients analyzing the impact on the quality of life and the risk of major bleeding. The goal of our study was to analyze the incidence, severity and impact of major bleedings and the quality of life after aortic valve replacement in these patients. After a mean follow-up of 11 years, results show a linearized rate of 0.8% per patient-year and the associated mortality is low at 3.3%, consisting of 2 intracranial hemorrhages. Overall, 48 patients experienced a major bleeding (8.9%). On the other hand, the impact on the quality of life measured with a valve-specific questionnaire is low. Also, only 10.5% of the patients were using self-management or self-medication to monitor their anticoagulation, suggesting a lot of room for improvement in this regard. This study helps better define long-term outcomes in this patient population in order to better inform patients about surgical options.

Keyphrases: Anticoagulation, Non-elderly adults, Quality of life, Aortic valve replacement, Major bleeding, Mechanical valve, Long-term follow-up, Cardiac surgery
Effet du 5-fluorouracile systémique sur la pharmacocinétique de la chimiothérapie hyperthermique intrapéritonéale à l'oxaliplatine : démonstration de concept chez l'animal

Background: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with oxaliplatin (OX) is a standard of care for selected patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Because 5-FU is mandatory to improve efficacy of OX when used by systemic route, several teams now empirically combine intravenous (IV) 5-FU with HIPEC OX, but this practice has yet to be supported by preclinical data. Using a murine model, we studied the impact of IV 5-FU on peritoneal concentration of  HIPEC OX. Methods: Under general anesthesia, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to 4 different doses of IV 5-FU (0, 100, 400 and 800 mg/m²) and a fixed dose of HIPEC OX (460 mg/m²) perfused at 40°C during 25 minutes. At 25 minutes, samples in different compartments were harvested (peritoneum, portal vein and systemic blood) and the concentrations of 5-FU and OX were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.  Results: Peritoneal concentration of OX was significantly higher (17.0, 20.1, 34.9 and 38.1 nmol/g, p < 0.0001) with increasing doses of 5-FU (0, 100, 400 and 800 mg/m², respectively). Peritoneal concentration of OX reached a plateau between 400 and 800 mg/m² of IV 5-FU.  Conclusion: IV 5-FU enhances peritoneal concentration of HIPEC OX. The most efficient dose of IV 5-FU to be used in combination with HIPEC OX seems to be 400 mg/m².

Keyphrases: 5-FU, HIPEC, Experimental study, Pharmacokinetics, Oxaliplatin
Accès à l’alimentation saine dans l’Est de Montréal : perspective des ménages à faible revenu et des acteurs en sécurité alimentaire

Context: Social inequalities in health related to diet are associated with a higher prevalence of chronic diseases among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Lack of physical and economic access to healthy and affordable food instigates these social inequalities, and could partly explain the observed gradient, as in the case of one of the poorest neighborhoods in Eastern Montréal. Objective: Understand the perspectives of low-income households (LIHs) and food security actors of the Montreal East Food Network (RAEM) on access to healthy food in the food environment of Eastern Montreal, bearing in mind the viability of local food initiatives. Methodology: This qualitative study followed an action-research approach in partnership with RAEM. Six focus groups with LIHs (n = 49) and one with RAEM members (n = 13) were carried out in 2018. Data analysis was guided by the five dimensions of food access (economic, spatio-temporal, service availability, social and personal), as described by Freedman et al. (2013). Results: LIHs perceive that limited access to affordable food of high quality in the food environment, transportation constraints, and travel distance to food stores as the main obstacles to healthy eating. Although food security actors described the economic and spatio-temporal dimensions as crucial, they also acknowledged important barriers related to the personal and social dimensions. Conclusion: The perspectives of LIHs and food security actors suggest that economic and geographic situations, as well as the personal and social preferences of LIHs are determinants in access to healthy food. Despite the divergence of perspectives, these must be taken into consideration when implementing food security strategies. Keywords: Food environment, health disparities, food access, low socioeconomic status, food system representatives, alternative food system.

Keyphrases: Food environment, Health disparities, Food access, Low socioeconomic status, Food system representatives, Alternative food system
Changements d'habitudes de vie chez les adolescentes : évaluation de l'approche Fillactive

Adolescence is a crucial time in the development, maintenance and sometimes the decline of different lifestyle habits. During adolescence, physical activity typically decreases with age, particularly in girls. FitSpirit is an organizaton that offers services that help Canadian schools implement physical activity interventions for adolescent girls. The objectives of this study were to evaluate changes in participants’ physical activity levels and lifestyle habits (sedentary time, sleep duration and eating habits) and to assess whether these changes varied on adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Canada’s Food Guide recommendations at enrollment. At the time of FitSpirit registration and at the end of school year, 73 participants answered online questionnaire. The participants reported improvements, with an increase in the number of days with physical activity and a decrease in daily consumption of sweets. Subgroup analyzes revealed greatest changes in those who did not adhere to the Canadian recommendations at enrollment. These participants significantly increased their number of days with physical activity and their consumption of fruits and vegetables, and decreased their screen time. The results indicate that participation in FitSpirit has the potential to improve several health behaviors among adolescent girls. More research is needed to explore the effects of physical activity intervention programs among adolescent girls.

Keyphrases: Adolescence, Nutrition, Physical activity, School-based intervention, Extracurricular programs, Adolescent girls, Female, Public health, Health behaviors, Lifestyle habits
Genetic analysis of cell size homeostasis in human cells

All organisms are essentially structured and fitness defined by cell number, type and size. Composed of around 30 trillion cells, humans have cells with remarkably varied functions and size, ranging from a neuron that can reach one meter in length to a lymphoid cell that is around 16 μm in diameter. At a fundamental level, size is determined by the balance between cell growth and cell division. The molecular networks that control and maintain optimal cell size are yet to be deciphered. The mTORC1 pathway is a major regulator of cell growth that plays a central role in integrating intra- and extra-cellular stimuli. This study addresses the investigation and characterization of the molecular players and processes that orchestrate cell size in human cells, as determined by chemical-genetic size screens and epistasis analysis. I undertook a CRISPR/Cas9 extended-knockout (EKO) genome-wide library screen in the NALM-6 pre-B lymphoma cell line, followed by cell size fractionation by counter flow elutriation in the presence of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and compared the screen data to a similar screen performed in the absence of rapamycin. The analysis indicates that upstream of mTOR, the loss of genes that are related to nutrient sensing, results in size changes in the presence of mTOR inhibition. Also, several gene knockouts in ribosome biogenesis and calcium homeostasis led to size alterations, suggesting a possible a pivotal role of these processes in cell size control in a mTOR-dependent fashion. This study provides insights into the genetic networks that regulate cell size in a mTOR-dependent fashion and establishes new hypotheses for future experimental tests.

Keyphrases: mTOR, Cell size, Epistasis, Ribosome biogenesis, Calcium homeostasis
Évaluation de l'effet inhibiteur de 33 espèces végétales sur la lipase pancréatique in vitro

Type 2 diabetes and obesity affect the global population and, disproportionately, the adult population of the Eeyou Istchee Cree. In order to contribute to the documentation of the antidiabetic activities of 17 medicinal plants of the boreal forest traditionally recommended for treating the symptoms of diabetes, this study evaluates the pancreatic lipase enzymatic activity of different plant species. In addition, an evaluation of the enzymatic activity of the pancreatic lipase is carried out with antidiabetic species of the urban pharmacopoeia of Niamey (Niger) as well as with Quebec berries. Finally, phenolic compounds are identified in these last two groups of plant species. Results of these studies demonstrate that the majority of the evaluated species have an inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase in vitro. Species showing the strongest inhibitory activities towards pancreatic lipase are Kalmia angustifolia, Gaultheria hispidula and Acacia nilotica. Thus, this study supports the accuracy of traditionnal knowledge by adding the documentation of an antidiabetic activity of plant species to the scientific repertoire.

Keyphrases: Eeyou Istchee Cri, Niger, pancreatic lipase, medicinal plants, Eeyou Istchee Cree, obesity, diabetes, Niger, berries, Indigenous Traditional Medicine, natural health products
Shame displays : beneficial or not?

Our ancestors’ survival greatly depended on their social relationships. According to an evolutionary perspective, shame’s function is to reduce the likelihood of losing social value in the eyes of fellow group members; however, certain accounts hold that shame may not be functional: it is related to psychological maladjustment (ex., depression and aggression). It is hypothesized that the two views are not conflicting; they can be reunited under a functional account. In other words, being shameful is beneficial under certain conditions (when a transgression is known to others) and costly under other conditions (when no transgression has been committed). Participants (n = 294, Mage = 42, SD = 13.423) were randomly assigned to read a vignette describing a transgression (stealing money or insulting a colleague) or no transgression, then exposed to a photo of an actor displaying either shame or no emotion, and then they rated the actor on 17 items including desirable traits (ex., friendly) and undesirable traits (ex., selfish). Through an exploratory factorial analysis, items were grouped into two factors (benign evaluations and absence of undesirable traits) in order to simplify statistical analyses. The hypothesis was not supported: shameful actors received lower scores on benign evaluations and absence of undesirable traits regardless of the presence or absence of a transgression. However, further analyses indicate that the consequences of displaying shame are more complex. These results suggest more research is necessary to examine whether the shame display remains functional today.

Keyphrases: Shame, Non-verbal display, Transgression, Social consequences, Expression non-verbale
“An Art, Not a Science” : 
how do experienced clinicians differentiate autism from psychiatric conditions in adult women?

Introduction. Autistic women present with greater social motivation and more typical language abilities than their male counterparts, leaving them vulnerable to misdiagnosis or late diagnosis. Paradoxically, there is concern about potential overdiagnosis of autism in psychiatric populations presenting with social difficulties, as diagnostic criteria remain relatively vague and autism less stigmatizing than many psychiatric conditions. Little guidance exists to guide clinicians when deciding whether to attribute adaptative difficulties in adult women to (1) autism, (2) a psychiatric condition, or (3) both.  Research suggests that autism is best reliably identified by expert clinicians having been exposed to a high number of autism cases, who notice qualitative aspects of the condition not included in diagnostic manuals. Thus, we aimed to better characterize the difficulties faced by clinicians in assessing adult women for autism, and the traits, behaviors and tools used to differentiate between autism and psychiatric conditions.  Methods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 psychiatrists and psychologists from 7 different countries, experienced in autism diagnosis of adult women. The Framework Method was used to reveal themes relevant to our research goals.  Results. According to participants, autistic women had learned certain social contingencies allowing them to appear more typical, which made differential diagnosis a frequent question. Clinicians recommended long, flexible assessments, and validating the information volunteered by the person. Many traits cited as indicative of autism reflected a clinical knowledge of autism. Trauma and Borderline Personality Disorder were cited as particularly difficult to differentiate from autism. Conclusion. Evaluating for autism in adult women presents with singular challenges which clinicians address using individual toolboxes. In this population, it may be crucial to have the capacity to offer alternative avenues for non-autistic people having self-identified with the spectrum.

Keyphrases: autism, women, differential, diagnosis, adult, diagnostic
Mechanical Study of Silicon Strip Detector Modules During Quality Control for the ATLAS Phase-II Detector Upgrade

Following the great achievement by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Col- lider (LHC) that is the detection of the long-awaited Higgs boson, an upgrade of the LHC is planned, requiring an upgrade of ATLAS. Planned for the High-Luminosity LHC, the ITk (Inner TracKer), an all-silicon charged particle tracker, is the upgrade of the current ATLAS Inner Detector. Testing of the detector modules comprised in the ITk is crucial because the detector will be inaccessible for approximately 10 years following the installation. In this thesis, the focus will be kept on a subset of the ITk detector, namely the ITk Strip detector. To detect premature failure in the 20 000 Strip modules that will be produced, a series of tests will be performed, one of which will be the thermal cycling, where modules are monitored while being thermally cycled to replicate 10 years of operating conditions. These tests will occur in a special enclosure known as a coldbox. The subject of this work is to study the induced mechanical stress in future ITk Strip detector modules due to thermal cycling using Finite Element Analysis. Our first result is that the stress created in the module is mostly due to the vacuum applied to hold the module. Moreover, the maximum stress felt during thermal cycling is highly dependent on the thickness of the vacuum seal used: A thinner seal causes a lower stress. Finally, the stress in the module in our thermal cycling setup is between ∼ 20 MPa and ∼ 100 MPa depend- ing on the selected seal thickness, which is consistent with the stress expected in the final detector design which is approximately 64.8MPa. We can then conclude that the proposed design for the coldbox is a good candidate to perform thermal cycling.

Keyphrases: Particles Physics, ATLAS Detector, Silicon Tracker, Finite Element Analysis, Mechanical Stress
Recherche d'un âge cinématique de l'association β Pictoris

Young moving groups (YMGs) are associations of young stars, mainly M dwarfs, that share a common kinematics, located in the solar neighbourhood and formed at the same epoch by the collapse of a molecular cloud that is unique to every association. They are ideal laboratories for the study of the last steps of stellar formation and the direct imaging of exoplanets. The β Pictoris moving group (βPMG) is one of the youngest and closest YMGs, although its age remains uncertain: ages found using isochrones or the lithium depletion boundary (LDB; 21 − 24 Myr) are inconsistent with traceback ages (11 − 13 Myr), found by tracing back the trajectories of member stars up to the epoch when the size of the YMG was minimal, which coincides with the epoch of stellar formation. This study presents a new numerical method, called Traceback, capable of ﬁnding a kinematic age for a YMG by traceback with data from the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) catalog. Its maximal theoretical precision is calculated and two important biases are characterized: a bias due to measurement errors (∼ −4.5 Myr) and a ∆v_r, grav = 0.5 km/s bias on radial velocity (v_r ; vitesse radiale) measurements due to gravitational redshift (∼ −1.8 Myr). When this method is applied to a sample of 46 validated members of βPMG, a corrected kinematic age of 17 − 19 Myr, in agreement with isochrones and LDB ages, is found by minimizing the median absolute deviation (MAD), a measure of the size of the association that is robust against outliers in the data, and the X-U covariance between the X positions and the U velocities of member stars. Furthermore, the use of a minimum spanning tree (MST) is shown not to be advantageous.

Keyphrases: Young moving groups, Stellar age, Kinematics, Traceback, β Pictoris moving group
Le problème de la volonté dans le Soûtra de l’Entrée dans la dimension absolue, aussi connu comme le chapitre trente-neuf du Soûtra des Ornements du Bouddha

This dissertation considers representations of human will in chapter 39 of The Flower Ornament Scripture, entitled “Entering the Realm of Reality”. An exegesis of the narrative reveals that the dissatisfaction (duḥkha s.) that permeates existence is partly caused by thirst (tṛṣṇā s.). However, our analysis shows that by exercising their will – a source a priori of infinite freedom and possibility – beings systematically abandon themselves to their thirsty feelings and, in the long run, perpetuate the infernal cycle of existence. Unsurprisingly, will is considered a negative faculty, to be proscribed from practice by the spiritual masters of the sutra; this simple but essential teaching must be followed by the practitioner so that he can reach Enlightenment and participates in the common good. The problem, however, is that liberation necessarily implies the exercise of will, for example in taking vows or practicing compassion and perseverance. Though the exercise of will can have positive aspects, its negative potential remains, leading us to ask: how can the ethics of the sutra actually lead to positive effects if it is connected to will? To answer this question, we refer to the conception of the realm of reality, the final teaching of the sutra. In this realm, the will frees itself from all conditioning and a new way of apprehending the psychological posture of enlightened beings appears: the non-will.

Keyphrases: Volition (cetanā), Bodhisattva, Huayan, Philosophy, Buddhism, Will, Realm of reality, Ethics, Emptiness
Generalizations of monsky matrices for elliptic curves in legendre form

A positive integer n is said to be congruent if it is the area of a right triangle whose sides are all of rational length. The task of finding which integers are congruent is an old and famous yet still open question in arithmetic geometry called the congruent number problem. It is linked to the theory of elliptic curves as the integer n is congruent if and only if the elliptic curve y²=x³-n²x has a rational point of infinite order. The link between congruent numbers and elliptic curves enables the application of techniques from algebraic geometry to study the problem. One of these methods is the concept of Monsky matrices that can be used to calculate the size of the 2-Selmer group of the elliptic curve y²=x³-n²x. One can use these matrices in order to find new infinite families of non-congruent numbers. The connection to elliptic curves also introduces generalizations to the congruent number problem. For example, one may consider the θ-congruent number problem which studies triangles with a fixed angle of θ instead of only right triangles. This problem is also related to elliptic curves and the concept of Monsky matrices can be generalized to it. In fact, Monsky matrices can be generalized to any elliptic curve that has a Legendre form over the rationals. The goal of this thesis is to construct such a generalization and then to apply it to relevant problems in arithmetic geometry to efficiently reprove old results and find new ones.

Keyphrases: 2-descente, Elliptic curves, Monsky matrices, Congruent numbers, Theta-congruent numbers, 2-descent, 2-Selmer group, Number theory
Polylogarithmes et mesure de Mahler

The main purpose of this thesis is to compute the logarithmic Mahler measure of the three variable polynomial family xn + 1 + (xn−1 + 1)y + (x − 1)z. In order to accomplish this, we integrate regulators defined on polylogarithmic motivic complexes. To understand these regulators, we explore the properties of polylogarithms and show some polylogarithmic identities. The regulators are then applied to simplify the integrand. Our result is a formula relating the Mahler measure of the family of polynomials to the Bloch–Wigner Dilogarithm and the Riemann zeta function.

Keyphrases: Mahler measure, Polylogarithm, Dilogarithm, Regulator, Polylogarithmic motivic complex