NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Perception de la profession de diététistes et de ses enjeux par des diététistes et des
étudiants finissants en nutrition du Québec

Objectives. The main objective is to document, among university graduates in nutrition in Quebec, their professional motivations, their perception of the profession and its challenges and to compare these data with those obtained from dietitians. Methodology. An electronic survey was conducted among graduating nutrition students from three universities offering the program in Quebec. The questionnaire included 35 questions. Three of them were qualitative. Two questions referred to the critical incidents technique. For dietitians, data collected in 2009 by the OPDQ were used. Results. A total of 72 students completed the questionnaire and 597 dietitians had completed the survey of OPDQ. An interest in nutrition, health, food and the desire to help others are the main motivations for undertaking studies in nutrition and more than half express their intention to complete graduate studies in nutrition. A majority of them prefer to work with clients aged fewer than 65, which is of concern in view of the demographic context. Students have a rather positive perception of the profession and concerns similar to those of dietitians about issues that may affect the profession. Conclusion. This study reveals students’ profile, their motivations and perceptions of the profession. It stresses the importance of exposing students to workplaces as soon as possible in their school careers.

Keyphrases: Nutrition, Satisfaction, Motivations, Perception, Students, Diet, Issues, Quebec, Education
Rôle du système du trijumeau dans la locomotion chez le nouveau-né d’opossum (Monodelphis domestica)

The opossum Monodelphis domestica is born very immature and crawls, unaided by the mother, from the urogenital opening to a nipple where it attaches and pursues its development. Sensory information is needed to guide the newborn to a nipple and studies suggest that the vestibular, trigeminal, and olfactory systems are likely candidates. The trigeminal, vestibular and olfactory regions of the brain were electrically stimulated to test their relative effectiveness at eliciting forelimb movement in newborn opossums, using in vitro preparations of brain-spinal cord with the limbs attached. The minimal stimulation of the cervical spinal cord needed to induce forelimb movement was considered as threshold (T). Similar movement were obtained with stimulations of the trigeminal ganglion at ~2T and of the vestibular complex at ~20 T and at ~600 T for the olfactory bulb. Neurofilament-200 immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing with Texas-Red conjugated Dextran Amines were used to study trigeminal innervation of the facial skin and pathways by which trigeminal inputs may be relayed to the spinal cord. Numerous nerve fibers were observed in the snout dermis, elsewhere in the head skin. Some trigeminal ganglion cells project to the upper spinal cord, but more project to the caudal medulla where they could contact secondary trigeminal neurons or reticular cells projecting to the spinal cord. These results support a significant influence of the trigeminal and the vestibular systems, but not of olfaction, on forelimb movement of neonatal opossums.

Keyphrases: Locomotion, Brainstem, Development, Marsupials, Spinal cord, Sensory systems
Image et survivance en anthropologie visuelle : Ernesto De Martino et l’ethnographie interdisciplinaire

This project deals with the production of images in Italian anthropologist Ernesto De Martino’s 1950s “interdisciplinary ethnographies” in southern Italy. These expeditions, innovative for their time, involved a team of researchers (including a religious historian, ethnomusicologist, psychiatrist, photographer and, at times, a filmmaker) and gave rise to mixed-media documents. While the textual aspects of De Martino’s work have been studied in depth, my approach focuses on image-making practices: photography, film, drawings. Building largely on his famous work La terra del rimorso (1961) on tarantism – a possession ritual observed by De Martino’s team in Puglia in 1959 – as well as on the iconographic atlas of Morte e pianto rituale nel mondo antico. Dal lamento pagano al pianto di Maria (1958) – his study on mourning rituals led in the southern Italian region of Lucania (Basilicata) –, this thesis suggests that images, despite their ancillary status, formed a major part of De Martino’s fieldwork and transmitted much more than documentary knowledge. Not only does the visual haunt De Martino’s own text as a literary device, but it is also tightly connected to a series of intermedial elements (sound, objects, bodies) inherent to the ritual “apparatus” itself and its documentation process. It was thus possible to perceive a dialectical relationship between technological imagistic devices such as photography and film, which “reproduced” possession rituals, and those practices’ own repetition processes, temporal rhythms, and performativity. Lastly, these images also suggest an anthropology of “afterlife” by means of visual analogies passed through bodily gesture, reminiscent of Aby Warburg’s work.

Keyphrases: archive, Ernesto De Martino, ethnographie, possession, visual anthropology, tarantism, Aby Warburg, memory, photography, film, ethnography, media
Le poids de l’oiseau sur la vitre ; suivi de L’hétérogénéité graphique dans Blankets de Craig Thompson

This practice-led M.A. thesis explores how in hybrid novels, the integration of elements defying the visual conventions of the majority of the text participate to their construction of meaning. In the hybrid narrative Le poids de l’oiseau sur la vitre, an elderly woman revisits her diary, written – or imagined – decades ago to shield her from the reality of her infant son’s death. At first intent on restoring the truth, she soon falls, through the many corrections she brings to the original text and her reconstruction of the book, into her habit of tweaking facts, realizing at last that giving in to this spiral of lies means cheating herself from the past and, ultimately, her future. The following essay likens Craig Thompson’s Blankets, a graphic novel whose structure dynamics are based upon the use of different styles and page layouts, to hybrid novels, and studies its most visually striking pages to determine how, despite their distinctive appearance, they enhance the novel’s cohesion and make it more immersive.

Keyphrases: Craig Thompson, Graphic novel, Interpretation-oriented weaving, Graphic heterogeneity, Multimodality
Vertus et limites de la critique communautarienne du libéralisme

In this essay about the communitarian critique of liberalism I seek to reach two goals. First, it is to form a synthesis from the works of philosophers Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, Alasdair MacIntyre and Michael Walzer. This synthesis is articulated through three axes: ontologicial, social and methodological. Building on this, my second objective is to assess its relation to liberalism. More specifically, I seek to determine whether communitarianism is merely a critique, an alternative or a variant of liberalism. My conclusion is that communitarianism is reconciliable with a certain form of liberalism and that its critique allows to improve it.

Keyphrases: Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, Alasdair MacIntyre, Michael Walzer, John Rawls, Will Kymlicka, communitarianism, liberalism, theory of justice
Déployer le réseau en images : les Googlegrams d'Abu Ghraib

The Web and its proliferating images have become part of our daily lives, thereby shaping the way we think about the world. It seems that some artworks allow us to ponder on the role of the image, Web technologies and their intricate relationship, as well as underlying socio-political issues. In this regard, this thesis examines the works of Joan Fontcuberta’s Googlegrams series (2004-2006), more specifically two artworks that are reworking iconic torture photographs of the Abu Ghraib prison. Thousands of smaller images are inserted into the photographs to refashion them into photomosaics. The images are found on the Web using Google Images search function with key words chosen by the artist in order to echo the source photographs. Considered here as tools of active study, these artworks allow us to unfold the assemblage of images and technologies that they are making interact. The aim is to follow the actors and the networks that are superimposed and interwoven within the Googlegrams: the Abu Ghraib photographs and their iconization; the search engine and its relationship with images; as well as the effects of the photomosaic. This study is driven by the interactions between these various elements that form the artworks as a means of reflecting upon their shaping roles in the representation of information.

Keyphrases: Web, Visual culture, Web, Photomosaic, Abu Ghraib, Joan Fontcuberta's Googlegrams
L’implication des enfants en médiation familiale : le point de vue et l’expérience des parents dans un contexte de partage des responsabilités parentales

This exploratory and descriptive research focuses on the experience and perspective of parents with regard to the direct participation of children in family mediation. To carry out this study, a qualitative research method was used and the phenomenology theoretical perspective was chosen. The sample consists of eight parents, all who participated in a semi-structured interview on the involvement of their children in family mediation. Data was collected between May and October 2013, and was analyzed based on the content analysis method as proposed by L'Ecuyer (1990) and Mayer and Deslauriers (2000). It is clear from this research that the direct involvement of children in family mediation has considerable influence on the process. Indeed, the majority of participants in this study reported that their children’s involvement was crucial to reach an agreement about shared parenting. Also, the results suggest that the majority of participants had positively experience the participation of their children and were satisfied with the benefits of the involvement. However, some parents lived this experience in a negative way. Those results highlighted the limitations and hazards associated with the direct involvement of children in family mediation. The terms of involvement chosen by family mediators also appeared to have influenced the experiences of parents and their children in the process. The results of this research provide access to the perception of parents about their children’s experiences before, during and after the process. A suggestion that comes from this study is that the child, although brought to give an opinion in family mediation, should not be held responsible for any decision related to shared parenting, for example the choice of care arrangements. The conclusions of this paper feed a family mediation strategy that is poorly documented from the point of view and experience of parents.

Keyphrases: Family mediation, Child inclusive practice, Parents experience
La stimulation du nerf vague pour le traitement de la dépression réfractaire : les résultats après un an de suivi

Since 2001, Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has been used in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in Europe and Canada, and in 2005 in the USA. European and American studies have shown a 50% response rate and 30% remission rate respectively after one year. Patient selection, driven by biological correlates and resistance criteria, may contribute to improved response and remission rates. This naturalistic study describes the follow-up of outpatients with TRD in individuals with unipolar or bipolar spectrum disorder (type 1 or 2) (n=13) treated with VNS. An exhaustive review of the medical and treatment history precedes an intensive clinical evaluation consisting of an individual evaluation and a subsequent team evaluation. A consensus is pursued, and if reached, an investigation of putative biological correlates of depression follows. This include a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and a positron emission tomography (PET), a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a complete blood count, a dexamethasone suppression test (DST), a 24h urine collection; a polysomnography, and a limited neuropsychological evaluation. After one year of treatment, 61,5% (8/13) responded to treatment with at least a 50% reduction of their symptoms. Of those who responded 87.5% (7/8) are in remission. All patients with bipolar disorder, and/or abnormal baseline DST and/or baseline memory deficit responded to VNS therapy and continue to be in remission at the 24 months mark. Careful selection of patients for VNS treatment can be a very effective method of treatment of TRD and subsequent prevention of relapse, resulting in a sustained normothymic state in most responders.

Keyphrases: neuromodulation, vagus nerve stimulation, treatment-resistant depression, bipolar disorder, neuromodulation, depression
A systematic analysis of the detrimental effect of hormonotherapy on skeletal and non-skeletal morbidities in male with prostate cancer

Many prostate cancer patients will be treated with hormonotherapy (HT), depending of the cancer stage.  But HT presents some side effects that could be harmful to the patient.

Keyphrases: Prostate, Cancer, Epidemiology
Edgar Degas et le traitement moderne de la figure féminine : un terrain propice à l'éclosion des approches critiques féministes en art du XXe siècle

Edgar Degas, famous observer of nineteenth century Parisian life, made a special subject of the female figure throughout his whole career. As early as his first attempts at historical paintings and his first portraits - many of which depicted couples and family members - Degas introduces some kind of tension between men and women. This tension can not only be seen in the structure of his works but also through the postures and facial expressions of his characters. It remains in the genre paintings which show Degas’ increased interest in scenes of contemporary life after he turned away from historical topics. Those scenes point to a narrative that until today is difficult to decipher but where an opposition of a sort can still be seen between the male and female poles of the picture. But it is especially in the works depicting women at work or tending to their personal hygiene in the artist’s mature period that this tension is shown at its peak. It vibrates with an increasingly more personal and social tone. A shift in the figurative structure maintains the female pole in the depicted space whereas the male pole is now located in the beholder’s space. Female wearily label even by the postures, demeanors, and expressions lead us to believe that they are subjected to some visual intrusion of male origin, one akin to the existing voyeurism developing in the same period in many academic paintings and popular illustrations.

Keyphrases: Degas, vie moderne, painting, second half of Nineteenth Century, modern life, feminism
Habileté de mentalisation chez les mères présentant un trouble de personnalité limite : orientation mentale maternelle lors d’interactions mère-bébé

Background. Mothers with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have been theorized to have decreased mentalization ability, which is the capacity to perceive and interpret mental states. This could potentially increase the risk for troubled relationships with their infants and therefore have adverse consequences on the social and emotional development of the child. Mind-mindedness (MM), assessed through the mother’s references to her infant’s mental states during an interaction, is one aspect of maternal behavior that relies heavily on the mother’s mentalizing ability. However, research has yet to examine MM in mothers with BPD. Aims. Our objective was to assess the MM ability of 38 mothers during interactions with their 12 month-old infants, including 10 with BPD and 28 without a psychiatric diagnosis. Method. Trained observers assessed maternal MM from 2 minutes of videotaped mother-infant free play. BPD was assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Results. Mothers with and without BPD did not differ in the frequency of comments referring to infant mental states. However, the mind- related comments made by mothers with BPD were 4.7 times more frequently judged as non- attuned to her infant’s mental state by a trained observer compared with those of controls without a psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions. Mothers with and without BPD appear equally likely to envision and refer to mental states in their infants. However, mothers with BPD appear more likely to misread the mental states of their infants. This could put the child at risk for adverse developmental outcomes.

Keyphrases: Borderline personality disorder, mother-infant relationship, mother-infant interaction, mentalization, mind-mindedness
Évaluations physiologiques de la tricaïne méthanesulfonate pour l’anesthésie des grenouilles africaines à griffes (Xenopus laevis)

Very few studies exist on the physiological and pharmacological effects of the most commonly used anesthetic agent used in amphibians, tricaine methanesulfonate, in Xenopus laevis frogs. Our first goal was to measure the effects of 20 minutes bath immersions of 1 and 2 g/L tricaine methanesulfonate on cardiorespiratory system, analgesia and reflexes. We also studied the pharmacokinetic of  tricaine methanesulfonate following an immersion in a 2 g/L bath. Our results show that both 1 and 2 g/L baths produce surgical anesthesia during 30 and 60 minutes respectively, without significant effect on the cardiorespiratory system. Following the immersion in a 2 g/L bath, the tricaine methanesulfonate has a terminal half-life of 3,9 hours and no effect on tissue histology is observed 24 hours after anesthesia. In a second experiment, we evaluated the effects of tricaine methanesulfonate overdose on cardiorespiratory system and on central nervous system using electroencephalography. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of sodium pentobarbital injection after 2 hours of immersion. A significant EEG depression of central nervous system activity occurred with the use of tricaine methanesulfonate following 2 hours of recording and the pentobarbital injection was necessary to induce euthanasia. We showed that tricaine methanesulfonate can produce safe anesthesia of 30 to 60 minutes with reduction of CNS activity and without cardiorespiratory effect in Xenopus laevis.

Keyphrases: tricaine methanesulfonate, anesthesia, euthanasia, amphibian, African clawed frog, pharmacokinetics, electroencephalogram
Quand l’endettement fait problème : variations et constantes de l’expérience d’endettement vécu comme étant problématique chez les jeunes adultes scolarisés à Montréal et à Santiago du Chili

Based on two case studies conducted in Montreal, Canada and Santiago, Chile, this thesis seeks to develop an understanding of the experience of debt as a resentful and problematic situation among educated young adults from both contexts. The aim is to analyze the link between both of their social experiences-the ones facing a problematic situation of debt and the social context in which this situation arises. Specifically, it firstly seeks to describe how, when, and why the experience of young adults in debt becomes a problem and secondly, it seeks to compare how this experience is constructed in the two contexts studied.  The empirical results are presented in three articles. The first one explored, through a qualitative study conducted with young adults in Montreal who frequented Family Economy Cooperative Associations (in  French ACEF) because of their debt, the dimensions that make the debt become a problematic situation. The two elements that emerge from this analysis are the individualistic dimension and its great responsibility, which induces debt among young Montrealers. The second and third article deal with the case of young people in debt under the undergraduate loans system which are granted by the Corporation for the Promotion of Production (in Spanish Corfo).   The social context of debt emergency is producing two very different types of debt experience. In Montreal, the consequences of debt are limited in time and they are possible to overcome by young people who see themselves responsible for their situation. Conversely, in Santiago, young people are forced to repay their debts and in order to do so, they develop a series of adaptation strategies. The consequences of these strategies are irreversible and have a long-term effect. The extension of the power of submission to an abusive loan expands to a large network of people, which makes them face debt collectively. This thesis shows evidence on the differences in the discourse of debt and its implications between Santiago and Montreal. While in Montreal the discourse of failure (and its correlation with depressive states) causes passivity among young people, in Santiago, this situation causes anger. Young people in debt group together in associations to report a situation they consider an abuse.

Keyphrases: Student debt, Student loan program, Young adult, Experience, Comparaison Montreal Santiago
La schizophrénie dissociative : nouvelle entité clinique, trouble comorbide ou autres considérations nosographiques

The existence of a dissociative subtype of schizophrenia has been suggested by several authors to account for the symptomatology of a group of people whose primary diagnosis is in the schizophrenia spectrum but have in addition dissociative symptoms (Ross, 2004; Sar et al, 2010; Van der Hart, Witztum, & Friedman, 1993). Of traumatic origin, this type of clinical picture where psychotic and dissociative symptoms are intertwined was first described more than a century ago (Janet & Raymond, 1898) but disappeared in the 30’s, having been incorporated to the concept of "schizophrenia" (Rosenbaum, 1980). It is in a new nosographic context that the concept of dissociative schizophrenia resurfaced. Indeed, psychiatric nosography took a turn in 1980 when the approach advocated by the DSM became descriptive rather than based on psychoanalytic conceptualizations. The psychiatric conditions of the time were divided into disorders whose symptoms tended to occur together (Cooper, 2004). Consequently, the presence of comorbid disorders increased. Given the frequently reported co-occurrence of psychotic and dissociative disorders, the phenomenological similarity of their symptoms and their potential traumatic etiology, Ross (2004) proposed a criteria set for the diagnosis of dissociative schizophrenia. The main objective of this thesis is to determine whether the dissociative schizophrenia, as defined by Ross (2004), exists. The first article focuses on the problem and the theoretical background that led to the research question. It aims at providing an overview of the issues surrounding the question of dissociative schizophrenia. It also reports on the literature pertaining to symptoms found in both psychotic and dissociative disorders, their traumatic etiology and studies on dissociation and schizophrenia. The second article is of empirical nature and reports the methodology used to answer the research question. Indeed, no study to date has systematically tested the criteria for dissociative schizophrenia. Our results show that 24 % of our sample (N = 50) could receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia with dissociative criteria proposed by Ross (2004). However, the criteria set was problematic so a modification was proposed and a prevalence of 14% was then found. Clinical vignettes are presented to compare our participants with those reported elsewhere. The links between psychotic and dissociative symptoms are discussed in trying to conceptualize dissociative schizophrenia in different ways, either as a new clinical entity, as a comorbid disorder or in a psychodynamic nosographic context.

Keyphrases: Dissociation, Schizophrenia, Dissociative disorders, Psychotic disorders, Comorbidity, Dissociative schizophrenia, Diagnostic validity, Nosography