NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Le design comme levier d’optimisation de l’économie circulaire : le cas des PME œuvrant en agriculture urbaine

The development of a global vision for the circular economy, entrepreneurship and design spheres of activity involves a dynamic and complex approach. At the intersection of these three spheres lies an opportunity for understanding the operationalization of a closed-circuit economy within today’s enterprises. The latter are essential players in the transition towards this new economic model. In order to improve the implementation of circular economy (CE), the main focus is on issues related to its operationalization. The goal is to document the path taken by Quebec small and medium enterprises cognizant towards sustainable development issues, particularly working in urban agriculture, a field currently in full transformation. The question that this research proposes to answer is the following: what are the brakes and levers related to the operationalization of the circular economy among SMEs? With the growth of planetary issues due to overproduction / overconsumption as a premise, this research is building its framework on environmental sciences (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, EDDEC Institute) and entrepreneurial (Harvard Business Review) theories. With the main objective being to shed light on levers and weaknesses related to the operationalization of a CE within SMEs, the methodological approach chosen for this research is phenomenological. It aims primarily at observing, through semi-structured interviews, the journey of four different companies who are already cognizant towards sustainable development issues. The strategic design approach (Madge, Plouffe and De Coninck) will allow to conclude this research project with a proposition for solution paths in operationalization.

Keyphrases: Design, PME, Circular economy, Entrepreneurship, Sustainable development, Implementation, SME
La politique étrangère du Canada envers la Chine de 1984 à 2015 : l’impact de la centralisation de la prise de décision et l’influence des élites

This thesis offers an in-depth process tracing analysis of Canada’s foreign policy towards China from 1984 to 2015. Based on more than thirty semi-structured interviews, primary documents and secondary sources, it is shown that foreign leaders and political, social and business elites with close ties to Canadian prime ministers have been able to influence their foreign policy ideas. These ideas in turned shaped Canada’s foreign policy towards China. Canada established official relations with the government of China in 1970 with a policy of positive engagement. In the mid-1980s, Brian Mulroney’s progressive-conservative government developed a new strategy to help Canadian firms benefit from China’s economic reform and open-door policy. After an interruption of this policy in the wake of the Tiananmen Square crisis, Jean Chrétien’s and Paul Martin’s Liberal governments implemented a policy based on trade, constructive engagement on human rights issues and high-level political contacts between leaders of both countries. Influenced by new elites with a negative view of China, Stephen Harper’s Conservative government brought an abrupt change in Canada’s policy towards China in 2006. From 2008 to 2012, Chinese leaders and Canadian business elites developed new ties with Stephen Harper in order to bring back a more positive approach.  However from 2012 to 2015, right-wing conservative elites that feared Chinese involvement in the Canadian economy would encroach on Canadian sovereignty complicated once more relations with China. The evolution of Canada’s policy towards China is the consequence of foreign policy decisions dominated by the premier minister. An important contribution of this thesis is to demonstrate how certain Canadian elites were able to secure an influence on Canada’s China Policy by developing and maintaining close ties with Canadian prime ministers. As part of the Foreign policy analysis (FPA) literature, this thesis also contributes to Sino-Canadian relations studies and Canadian political studies by offering a theoretical model embedded in Elite theory and making use of foreign policy ideas as an analytical tool for understanding political decision-making.

Keyphrases: Canada, Chine, China, foreign policy, decision-making, prime minister, elites, ideas
L'apport de la santé psychologique à la performance de tâche et innovante : vérification de mécanismes cognitif, motivationnel et social au sein de divers contextes d'emploi

Researchers in organizational psychology have long had an interest in the happy and productive worker thesis, which posits that happier workers also demonstrate higher level of job performance (Taris & Schaufeli, 2015). Although many important contributions have been made over the years in this field of research, some questions deserve further investigation, which this thesis aims to address. Specifically, among the multitude of heterogeneous mediating mechanisms that have been theoretically postulated, not much have been put to empirical test, nor contrasted with one and another to clarify which intervening variables are really at play in the "happy-productive" relationship. Moreover, research is needed to verify if this relationship holds depending on different work characteristics. This thesis focuses on the construct of psychological health at work and seeks to understand its influence on performance. It proposes a model which includes postulated mediating and moderating mechanisms.   The first article aims at formulating a theoretical model of the influence of psychological health at work on task and innovative performance. Relying on conservation of resources (Hobfoll, 1989) and broaden-and-build (Fredrickson, 2001) theories, the model details the postulated cognitive, motivational and social mediating mechanisms as well as moderating mechanisms pertaining to knowledge, autonomy and social characteristics of the job.   The second article empirically tests the theoretical model with a sample of workers in different occupational groups. Results show that the psychological health-task performance relationship can be understood as a dynamic of broaden cognitive flexibility and higher achievement motivation. On the other hand, the relationship between psychological health and innovative performance can be understood as a dynamic of horizontal social investment with team members, captured as team-member quality exchanges (TMX). No moderating effects of work characteristics were supported.   As such, this thesis contributes to existing knowledge by operationalizing the resources investment principle within the psychological health-performance relationship and specifying how each resource contributes to certain types of performance. As no moderation effects were confirmed, the results also suggest that the mediating mechanisms identified preserve the same relevance under different work contexts related to knowledge, autonomy and social work characteristics. Limits of this thesis and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Keyphrases: Performance, Innovation, LMX, TMX, Psychological health at work, Cognitive flexibility, Achievement motivation, Work characteristics
Maltraitance durant l’enfance et régulation de la tristesse et de la peur à l’âge adulte : une analyse qualitative

Introduction : Childhood maltreatment is associated with several negative impacts on mental health, which are partly attributable to difficulties with emotional regulation. Although various studies suggest a link between general difficulties with emotional regulation in adults and childhood experiences of maltreatment, emotional regulation related to specific emotions and emotional contexts is yet to be explored. Aims : The two studies which constitute this thesis aim to (1) depict a precise qualitative portrait of emotional regulation of adult women who experienced childhood maltreatment and (2) describe more specifically the regulation of sadness and fear related to childhood abuse, two emotions which are often negatively perceived and therefore usually avoided. Method : University of Montreal students were recruited for the purpose of two larger studies on sadness (N = 72) and anxiety (N = 128) and completed online questionnaires. Based on their Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores measuring experiences of childhood maltreatment, twelve women reporting a significant level of abuse (maltreated group) and twelve women reporting no such experience (normative group) were selected, this for each of the two emotions (2 x 12+12). Each participant was individually met and an induction of sadness or fear by film was used to target and explore emotional regulation in an experimental setting, which focuses on the emotional experience in real time. An interpretative phenomenological qualitative analysis was performed on each participant’s emotional speech. A between-group comparison was also done to provide a rich and precise description of the regulation of each group and get a contrast between them. Results : Overall, the results of the first study indicate that sadness appears less regulated for women who report childhood maltreatment and that this emotion is experienced by them at either a minimized or an overwhelming level. Several negative attitudes toward sadness emerge from the discourse of maltreated women, while women in the normative group present a more nuanced experience of this emotion and attitudes toward it. In the second study, fear appears as experienced at a pathological level and through somatization in the maltreated group, while the normative group presents a more detached experience of this emotion. Conclusion : The results of both studies allow us to shed light on live emotional regulation among women who experienced childhood maltreatment and to describe specific deficits in the regulation of sadness and fear. Intervention issues and clinical reflections based on the results are discussed.

Keyphrases: Abus, Maltreatment, Childhood abuse, Childhood neglect, Emotional regulation, Sadness, Fear
Vocabulaire employé pour l'accès thématique aux documents d'archives patrimoniaux : étude linguistique exploratoire de termes de recherche, de description, d'indexation

Users carry out searches for archives by subject, yet the access offered in the archives is mainly by provenance resulting in a gap between the desired access and the offered access. To meet users’ demand, some archival services already offer access by subject. Research instruments used by these services provide the basis for our research. We analyzed the vocabulary used by archivists to describe and to index archival documents by subject. That is to say, the choice of words and the semantic relationships that exist between the meanings of these words in the documents from which they come from (descriptions, index). We analyzed both the users’ vocabulary in the questions asked to the reference archivist by email and the answers offered by the latter. Thus, our study covers a large part of the communicative chain between users and archives they are looking for by subject. The comparison of these two vocabularies has brought out the semantic gap that separates them. By studying the terms used for research, for description, and for indexing, we wish to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the vocabulary used for thematic access to heritage archives (VATAP). We have chosen corpus studies as our research methodology. We study the semantic relationships between the terms in a corpus from four data sources (user-to-reference questions, reference archivists’ answers, descriptions, indexes), collected from three different archives services. We limit our research to data obtained from large archival repositories as they have the means to develop tools to guide and facilitate access. The originality of our research lies in the application of linguistics to the study of VATAP. Our study describes VATAP and contributes to a better accessing of heritage archives by subject. We accomplish this by formulating recommendations for the archivists’ use based on the study of the most frequent semantic relationships in our corpus. The linguistic formalization needed for our research could serve as a premise for automatic indexing. This exploratory study of users’ vocabulary allows participating institutions to better understand this aspect of their users’ profile.

Keyphrases: Subject access, Semantic relationships, Heritage archives, Linguistic analysis, Vocabulary, Subject indexing, Subject research, Archival reference, Archives users
Capacités de réserve et entraînement cognitif dans le vieillissement : similarité des effets protecteurs sur la cognition et le cerveau = Reserve capacity and cognitive training in aging : the similarity of the protective effects on cognition and brain

The reserve concept was proposed to account for difference observed in some individuals between the degree of their brain damage and its expression at the cognitive level. Reserve was found to be modulated by environmental factors such as the level of education and practice of cognitively stimulating activities during life. An important issue is to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying reserve capacities in order to promote interventions that would strengthen these capacities. Results from studies on the neurobiological mechanisms involved in different types of cognitive training and those of reserve lead us to hypothesize that reserve can be built later in life using targeted intervention procedure. We will discuss the advantage of having a high level of reserve and the opportunity to build one at a later time, during the phase of aging.

Keyphrases: Reserve, Cognitive training, Cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease
Exploration, en composition musicale, des rencontres entre musiques de l’Occident et du Moyen-Orient, particulièrement d’Iran

The purpose of this master’s dissertation is to explore musical encounters between Middle Eastern music (especially Persian classical music) and Western music, with the purpose of preserving the aesthetic elements of each one. I tried, as well, to find musical tendencies that are common between these heterogeneous musical systems in order to achieve a formal unity in a unique language. This master dissertation will deal with the analysis of the musical pieces, which I have been composing during the Master’s instrumental composition program at the Université de Montréal: Heterotopia, The Substantial Movement, Kamalto and Cypress Mourning. What is considered in the analysis of the mentioned works particularly focuses on the usage of modal materials, morphemes, rhythmic cycles, improvisation, ornamentation and the combination of pitch systems, as well, in more general ways, on the textures and the forms. Keywords: Heterophony, Ethnomusicology, Iran, East-West, pitch system, Persian classical music, Dastgâh, Maqâm, oriental modes, oriental instruments, Kamancheh, multiculturalism, Tradition and modernity, Extended techniques.

Keyphrases: Dastgâh, Maqâm, Heterophony, Ethnomusicology, Iran, East-West, Pitch system, Persian classical music, Oriental modes, Oriental instruments, Kamancheh, Multiculturalism, Tradition and modernity, Extended techniques, Persian classical music
Prévalence et mécanismes de résistance aux triazolés des espèces d’Aspergillus section Fumigati

Aspergillus fumigatus is the principal agent of invasive aspergillosis. A growing number of A. fumigatus isolates in Europe are found to be resistant to the triazoles, the primary antifungals used in treatment. Moreover, many “cryptic” Aspergillus species, morphologically and genetically similar to A. fumigatus, are misidentified in the clinical diagnostic laboratory, and several of these “cryptic” species are intrinsically resistant to the triazoles. Resistance mechanisms of “cryptic” Aspergillus section Fumigati species are not well known. In the present retrospective study, conducted on a collection of Aspergillus clinical isolates from Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, the prevalence of the « cryptic » species among all Aspergillus section Fumigati was 1.4%, and 1.0% of all isolates in the collection were azole-resistant. Analysis of resistance mechanisms produced evidence for efflux pump-mediated resistance in Aspergillus turcosus and A. fumigatus isolates, in contrast to the triazole-resistant Aspergillus thermomutatus and Aspergillus lentulus species which display resistance likely mediated by mutations in the cyp51a gene.

Keyphrases: Aspergillus section Fumigati, cyp51a, triazoles, resistance, cryptic species
Cinéma analytique et transfert : l'expérience spectatorielle dans Persona et L'Heure du loup de Bergman et Antichrist, Melancholia et Nymphomaniac de Von Trier

The simultaneous development of cinema and psychoanalysis led to many studies confronting and associating these two fields. This thesis examines more specifically transference as a phenomenon arising in the encounter between spectator and film, and is based on Jungian psychoanalytic theories. Considering an analytic cinema, which associates reflexivity and psychological themes, I hypothesised the existence of “psyche-films”, enabling the study of the psychoanalytic transference within spectator’s experience. Through their spatial and temporal constructions and their figural composition, these “psyche-films” are akin to psyches projected on screen and visually accessible. According to Jung, transference is a transpersonal phenomenon with psychological and physical consequences, involving two individuals whose unconscious communicate together. Bringing out the characteristics of such a phenomenon, this thesis explores the possibility of considering the film’s own unconscious, in particular with the help of film aesthetics theories, and questions the consequences, inside body and psyche, that might be caused by the transferential encounter between spectator and film. In order to study the possibility of such a transference in the spectator’s experience, five films regarded as “psyche-films” are analysed using a Jungian perspective: Persona and Hour of the Wolf, directed by Ingmar Bergman and Antichrist, Melancholia and Nymphomaniac, directed by Lars von Trier. To this end, this research is performed using psychoanalytic (Jung, Ferenczi, Freud, Abraham and Török), aesthetic (Brenez, Lefebvre, Vancheri) and philosophical (Damasio, Derrida) perspectives, and considering an ideal spectator.

Keyphrases: Emotions, Ingmar Bergman, Lars von Trier, Jungian psychoanalysis, Transference, Spectator’s experience, Personal unconscious and collective unconscious, Aesthetic, Emotion, Figural analysis, Archetypal and symbolic images
Le moutya à l'épreuve de la modernité seychelloise : pratiquer un genre musical emblématique dans les Seychelles d'aujourd'hui (océan Indien)

Moutya is a musical practice born out of slavery in the Seychelles islands (Indian Ocean) from the end of the 18th century. It is made of singing, drumming and dancing. During our fieldwork, this practice, known as moutya otantik (authentic moutya) by the Seychellois, was hard to find, not to say absent. Interviews with cultural workers and musicians contributed to our understanding of the concept of moutya otantik born in parallel with the "creole Seychellois" cultural identity, as a political construction that served national purposes following the coup that led to the Seychelles Revolution in 1977.  This dissertation first examines the representation of a moutya otantik as organized and presented by workers of the Ministry of Culture. It then looks at how moutya has been adapted and renewed when staged and recorded mainly during official events, at touristic venues or within the local music industry. This approach makes it possible to talk about the historical and dynamic processes of creolization that are inherent to creole music, with which moutya shares obvious affinities, and also to connect moutya with other local, regional and, more generally, Creole cultural phenomena.  New production and presentation spaces are observed through case studies based on musicians' individual and collective experiences. Analyses of sound material and musical performances attempt to better define moutya and show that it is now expressed in a diversity of forms and in a dynamic interrelation with different music. In this context, it must necessarily be approached in a broad and complex way.

Keyphrases: Seychelles, moutya, sega, performance, ethnomusicology, Indian Ocean, Creolization, Music, identity, heritagization
Réflexion critique sur la relativisation du droit à la protection de l’enfant : les distinctions de traitement du signalement des situations de compromission dans la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse et dans la législation encadrant la profession d’avocat

This thesis examines the degrees of youth protection that emerge from the provisions of the Youth Protection Act (YPA) regarding reporting. Two areas of critical focus are presented with respect to the legislative treatment of abused children, depending on whether their situation should, or could, be reported. International law, an interdisciplinary approach (the use of psychology in service of the law), and comparative law (a study of Swiss law) are used to critically analyze Quebec’s law in respect of reporting.    The first area of critical focus is the distinction based on the grounds on which children are considered to be in danger. While there is an obligation to report physical or sexual abuse and the risk of it, the reporting of other kinds of abuse carry no such obligation and are thus discretionary for citizens and for professionals who are not in contact with children in the exercise of their profession, save for lawyers. The thesis investigates the legitimacy of this prioritization at the reporting stage, doing so in the light of children’s need for particular protection and of contemporary scientific knowledge.   The second area of critical focus is the distinction according to the category to which the reporter belongs. Lawyers and notaries are the only ones excluded from the obligatory and discretionary reporting in the YPA, binding on all other professionals and citizens. The upshot is that children’s rights and their need for tailored protection enter into conflict with adults’ rights, in particular the client’s right to solicitor-client privilege.   Following our critical analysis, we propose reforms that may provide preferable legal solutions, better reconciling the fundamental rights and interests in play.

Keyphrases: youth protection, mandatory and discretionary reporting, reporting grounds, solicitor-client privilege, fundamental rights, Youth protection, Mandatory and discretionary reporting, Reporting grounds, Solicitor-client privilege, Fundamental rights