NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Excitations et ergodicité des chaînes de spins quantiques critiques à partir de la dynamique classique hors d’équilibre

We study a quantum spin-1/2 chain that is dual to the non-equilibrium Kawasaki dynamics of a classical Ising chain coupled to a thermal bath. The Hamiltonian is obtained for the general disordered case with non-uniform Ising couplings. The quantum spin chain is stoquastic, and depends on the Ising couplings normalized by the bath’s temperature. Proceeding with uniform couplings, we give the exact groundstates of the gapless spin chain, as well as its single-magnon excitations. Solutions for the two-magnon spectra are derived via a Bethe Ansatz scheme. In the antiferromagnetic regime, the two-magnon branch states show intricate behavior, especially regarding hybridization with the continuum. Our analysis, when combined with previous studies, suggests that the system hosts multiple dynamics at low energy as seen via the presence of multiple dynamical critical exponents. Finally, we analyze the full energy level spacing distribution as a function of the Ising coupling. We conclude that the system is non-integrable for generic parameters, or equivalently, that the corresponding non-equilibrium classical dynamics are ergodic.

Keyphrases: intégrabilité, stoquasticité, Quantum spin chains, Kawasaki non-equilibrium classical dynamics, Integrability, Stoquasticity, Bethe ansatz, Dynamical critical exponents
Cartographie moléculaire d'exoplanètes avec le télescope spatial James Webb

Hot Jupiter atmospheres, receiving extreme amounts of irradiation from their host star, enable us to study the atmospheric chemistry and dynamics of atmospheres at regimes that would otherwise be inaccessible from solar system observations. Transmission and emission spectroscopy of these atmospheres enables their characterization. However, these methods do not consider the spatial distribution of the molecular abundances, temperature profile, and clouds. Using multi-wavelength secondary eclipse mapping, it is possible to measure the spatial distribution of the atmospheric parameters. Secondary eclipse mapping has only been applied for photometric Spitzer/IRAC 8 μm observations of HD 189733 b so far. With the imminent launch of JWST, high-precision spectrophotometric observations of hot Jupiters are expected, reinforcing the need for a framework that can simulate and retrieve secondary eclipse mapping observations. We present a novel method to simulate secondary eclipse light curves for non-uniform atmospheres at multiple wavelengths, as well as a statistical method to retrieve the distribution from observations. The simulation of the multi-wavelength light curves is discretized to enable the fast computation necessary for statistical analysis of observations. We apply these methods to simulated JWST NIRSpec observations of WASP-33 b for various distributions of the water dissociation coefficient and conclude that 5 secondary eclipse observations are sufficient to constrain significant spatial variations in longitude and latitude. The application of the multi-wavelength secondary eclipse mapping to JWST will further deepen our understanding of the atmospheric dynamics processes to which hot Jupiter atmospheres are subjected.

Keyphrases: Exoplanets, Exocartography, Numerical methods
Nature et enjeux de la relation entre la sensibilité et l’intellect chez Thomas d’Aquin

The Peripatetic epistemology of Aquinas supposes an ontological distinction between sensitivity and the intellect within the soul. The sensitive soul is mobile and corruptible while the intellect is immobile and incorruptible. In regard to this, it seems evident that the grasp of intellectual data, the species intelligibiles, shouldn’t be affected by the body’s corruption. However, it isn’t the case : the sensible memory losses affect the intellective memory’s activity. Since the intellect is immutable, the fact that it forgets points to a structural dependency of the intellect to its body, which would be the origin of omission. This research tries to excavate the nature and the logic of this structural dependency. More precisely, it tries to answer the following question : does the soul always need to turn towards phantasms when it thinks the intelligible species and, if so, how does it do it? The first and second literature show distinctly Thomas’ belief that the soul must always turn toward phantasms to think. Nevertheless, how it happens is a whole different issue. As shown by Piché (2019), the conversio ad phantasmata, also called “reflexio”, is described in two different ways all along the Thomasian corpus : either the return toward phantasms happens by accident when the intellect grasps the universal, either the conversio is an autoreflexive process achieved by the intellect toward its own intellectual act of thinking. Although the commentators (Gilson, Kretzmann, Lonergan and Pasnau) haven’t categorized Thomas’ explanations in terms of a dichotomy as Piché did, they all seem to agree with the first explanation provided by Aquinas.  We will build our text according to the following plan : after a brief introduction, we will expose the salient features of Thomas Aquinas’ epistemology to reveal the structural links in between the intellect and the sensible soul. Then, we will show that the intellect always turns toward phantasms while it’s active. Thereafter, we will confront the possible explanations relative to the way this turn occurs. Finally, we’ll expose the modality aporia, as I call it, which ensues necessarily from the relationship in between the sensible soul and intellect.

Keyphrases: Intellect, Philosophy, Epistemology, Thomas Aquinas, Intellect, Phantasms
Estimation bayésienne d'une fonction de Pickands par des splines cubiques

The subject of our thesis is intersection between two fields: The Extreme Value Theory (EVT) and copulas. The object of EVT is to find the limit law of the maximum of a sample. Due to the results of EVT, we can model extreme phenomena. In addition, there is a bivariate variant of EVT. The bivariate variant of EVT uses a family of copulas called extreme value copulas to account for the connection between the two extreme events. Any copula with extreme values depends on a Pickands function. The object of our thesis is to estimate the Pickands function from data. We have found a way to build a Pickands function using cubic splines. From this construction, we obtain an extended family of Pickands functions in which we perform our statistical inference. We chose the Bayesian approach to build the estimator and the MCMC methods for the estimates. The method was applied on simulated and real data.

Keyphrases: MCMC, Extrem value copulas, Pickands Function
Créer un atlas numérique de l'architecture publique en France (1795-1840) : éditorialisation d'une base de données en histoire de l'art

This master's thesis entails in the creation of a digital atlas of public architecture in France during the first half of the XIXth century. The Council of Civil Buildings, the public institution in charge of civil architecture after the revolution, had as aim to build the Republic. Thus, their architectural project takes on a symbolic function, the inscription of power into space, as well as the function to control the public space. A rationalisation and codification of the architectural practice, as well a mindset structured by the advancements in cartography and statistics, form in order to build a territory mirroring the new nation-state. Derived from the analysis of the Coucil’s sessions’ reports between 1795 and 1840, the CONBAVIL database presents the opportunity to study Council’s work through a spatial and quantitative approach uniting territory, knowledge, and power. After a critical analysis of its contents, the editorialisation of CONBAVIL takes the shape of as a web application. This research tool maps and visualizes this data using the D3.js code library. The multiple forms of representation, whose interactivity multiply their analytical potential, aim to reveal a new understanding of the political and architectural doings of the Council of Civil Buildings. The digital dimension of the atlas will allow a visual, multidimensional and hyperlinked explora-tion of the CONBAVIL data, until now only accessible through a form and as static records. Thus this research explores the potential of editorialising a database into a digital atlas for a visual epistemology in art history.

Keyphrases: France, Public architecture, XIXth century, Digital cartography, Digital humanities
L'allégorie de la justice transitionnelle: résistance à l'oubli et construction du récit mémoriel en Uruguay post-dictatorial

In the 1960s, Uruguay endured an economic crisis that quickly turned into a conflict between the National Liberation Movement-Tupamaros (MLN-T) and the state then ruled by Juan María Bordaberry of the Colorado Party. The radicalization of the MLN-T and the rise of State repression granted growing power to the Armed Forces, leading to the coup d'État of June 27, 1973 followed by the establishment of a civic-military dictatorship. The next twelve years were marked by repression, censorship, violence and numerous disappearances. Like other Latin American Cold War dictatorships, Uruguay joined Operation Condor: a South American network led by the United States with the goal of tracking down and annihilating political opponents.   The 1985 elections marked the end of the dictatorship and return of democracy. However, in the aftermath of the victory of Julio María Sanguinetti of the Colorado party, a struggle erupted in the heart of society over who was to blame for the country’s fall into authoritarianism, state repression and violence. On the one hand, the Armed Forces were accused of abuse of power and crimes against humanity. On the other, some defended the military as though they had saved the country from the “subversive” threat.    This study analyzes Uruguay’s transitional process which, unlike its Latin American counterparts, has not included a formal mechanism for the search for truth upon the return of democracy. Uruguay rather chose to amnesty the Tupamaros detained during the dictatorship, all the while promulgating the Law of Caducity which granted impunity to the military. By collecting different perspectives on the recent past through art and cultural productions produced by civil society after le return du democracy, this thesis studies the evolution of memorial speeches as they are expressed in public spaces. Our goal is to better understand how memorial discourses emerge in a country where democratic remedies have confirmed impunity.

Keyphrases: Mémoire, Uruguay, Justice sociale, Memory, Dictatorship, Post-memory, Human rights, Social justice, Recent history
Utilisation des propriétés spectrales pour détecter le stress dans les peuplements nordiques d'épinettes noires

In the boreal forest of northern Québec, the size and quantity of lichen woodlands patches is increasing, and taking over the spruce-moss forest territory. The phenomenon has been observed, and scientists now believe that the northern limit of the spruce-moss forest will slowly move south. This shift of ecosystem happens when the forest stand is already fragilized, and a perturbation occurs. Vegetation’s spectral properties can be used as a tool to assess and identify disturbed forest areas The main objective of this study is to establish relations between data extracted from spectral signatures, vegetation indexes and different types of stress that could affect boreal ecosystems. The identification spruce-moss woodlands prone to regeneration failure could be achieved with the study of spectral properties as stress indicators. In order to achieve this objective, sites from 3 latitudes (51, 52 and 53) have been sampled on James Bay Road. Plots have been regrouped in pairs for subsequent pairwise statistical tests to compare results from both forest stand types. Spectral signatures have been measured on 5 randomly chosen black spruces. These measurements were taken throughout the growing season (3 sampling campaigns). Four vegetation indexes have been extracted from spectral signatures (NDVI, NDWI, PRI and SIPI), and the mean slope of the red-edge area have been calculated. Results have shown that some of the spruce-moss stands have had very similar values to those from the lichen woodlands, that are considered as stressed ecosystems. From these results, it is possible to assume that stressed ecosystems can be detected at landscape level (on satellite images). Monitoring vegetation stress can help improve forest management after forest fires and insect’s epidemics to prevent the loss of this beautiful ecosystem.

Keyphrases: NDVI, NDWI, SIPI, PRI, signature spectrale, Black spruce, Boreal forest, Lichen woodlands, Spruce-moss forest, Water stress, Regeneration failure, Spectroradiometry, Red-edge, Infrared, Spectral signature
L’image des personnages dans les jeux mobiles du genre Josei-Muke : étude de cas sur Mr. Love : Queen’s Choice

Female players (women) have become more active in the mobile game market in recent years. And women’s games, which used to be a niche category, have entered the public eye due to the increased audience. At the same time, however, not much research has been done on these games in academia, especially in Europe and the US. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to analyse the character design of this category of games, addressing the case of Mr. Love: Queen's Choice, a mobile game for women that has become a big hit in the Asian market. Based on the elements of game value research proposed by Belman, this paper will study the character design features in this category of games from four major aspects: basic game features, gameplay, aesthetics and narrative. At the same time, since the study of this paper does not involve any interviews, it mainly focuses on textual analysis. The ideas of textual analysis in it are mainly inspired by Roland Barthes’ mythology as well as semiotic theory. The paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which presents the context and meaning of the topic; the second chapter is the literature review, which aims to identify the results of current academic research on video games, mobile games, gender issues in games and women-oriented games; the third chapter presents the problematic; the next chapter discusses the methodology and briefly presents the main guiding ideas and structure throughout the research process. The fifth chapter is entirely devoted to the analysis to answer the problematic and the last chapter constitutes a conclusion and discussions.

Keyphrases: Image, Video Games, Mobile Games, Semiology, Women’s Games
Étude théorique d’une réaction d’alkynylation de thiol catalysée au cuivre I

This thesis is about the theoretical study of a reaction allowing the formation of macrocycles via Cu(I) -catalyzed S-C(sp) coupling to form a macrocyclic alkynyl sulfide. This type of reaction involves the coupling between a thiol and a C(sp) carbon. Although the synthetic part of that reaction is complete, to date, no information exists regarding the reaction mechanism. Theoretical tools such as density functional theory (DFT), transition state theory (TST) and natural bond orbitals (NBO) were used in order to undertake this study. The thesis also includes an experimental part associated with the total synthesis of the macrocycle used in the model reaction. The thesis will begin with an introduction on the S-C(sp) bond and on macrocycles in general. Afterwards, we will introduce the concept of theoretical study applied to a reaction mechanism. The goal and strategy of the study will then be established. The introduction will be followed by a chapter on the methodology, in which we make an overview of important theoretical concepts concerning electronic structure calculations and thermodynamic properties of a chemical system. We will then discuss theoretical concepts that have been used in concert with chemical kinetics and chemical environment. This chapter will be followed by a discussion on the choice of the computational method. For that purpose, different chemical properties were predicted and compared with experimental results using different electronic structure calculation methods. Finally, we will discuss the results of the study on the reaction investigated, which include a short section concerning the total synthesis of the macrocycle, a section concerning the energy profile of the studied mechanisms and a section where we provide a description of the most probable mechanisms based on a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The results of the study are in favor of the α-addition mechanism, but the α-cuprathiolation and oxidative addition - reductive elimination mechanism should also be considered. Nevertheless, a thorough experimental study would be necessary in order to be able to obtain more information about the mechanism.

Keyphrases: Catalyse, Thioalcyne, Macrocycle, Reaction mechanism, Density functional theory, Natural bond orbitals, Organic chemistry, Catalysis, Alkynyl sulfide, Copper
Understanding the shared genetic risk for psychosis and substance use disorders : a study of genetic markers of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoid-related Risk

Cannabis consumption during adolescence, increases the likelihood of adverse mental health outcomes, including substance abuse and psychosis. Considering that part of the etiology of these disorders are heritable, we aimed to elucidate the genetic risk for psychosis and substance use disorders and their relationships to cannabis and the endocannabinoid system. In our first work, we investigated the relationship between endocannabinoid genetic markers and alcohol use disorder in two adolescent cohorts. Through candidate gene approaches we demonstrated a significant relationship between these endocannabinoid genes and AUD, but the results were not replicated in the second cohort. In a second work, we examined if the relationship between polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-Sz) and psychotic like experiences (PLE) is mediated and/or moderated by cannabis use, in two cohorts. Mediation and moderation regression models were used to examine the extent to which the prospective relationship between PRS-Sz and PLE is accounted for by cannabis use. The results of both the mediation and moderation analyses were not significant, although PRS-Sz and cannabis use both independently predicted PLE. These results suggest that cannabis use remains a risk factor for psychotic-like experiences, over and above known genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia and there was no evidence that genetically vulnerable individuals were more susceptible to the psychosis-related outcomes of adolescent onset cannabis use. The work described demonstrates that the risks posed by adolescent cannabis consumption may be unrelated to one’s genetic predisposition to psychiatric disease, notwithstanding the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of these same diseases.

Keyphrases: Endocannabinoid, Cannabis, Alcohol Use Disorder, Psychosis, candidate gene, polygenic risk score
Enjeux de santé mentale et consommation de substances psychoactives en contexte sexuel ou «chemsex» chez les HARSAH à Montréal

Background: Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBM) are at higher risk of anxiety and/or depression symptoms compared to the general population. Chemsex is defined as the use of gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, methamphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy and ketamine during sex. Little is known regarding the association between chemsex and anxiety and depression symptoms, and if this relation is moderated by HIV status. Methods: Montréal baseline data from the Engage cohort study were used. 1179 sexually active GBM ≥ 16 years old were recruited via respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Presence of anxiety and depression symptoms were defined using a score of ≥ 8 on either the anxiety- or depression-subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Using two logistic multivariate models, we assessed the association of chemsex with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Statistical interaction between self-reported HIV status and chemsex were tested in each multivariate model adjusting for potential confounders. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) are reported; analyses were RDS-adjusted. Results: Effect modification by self-reported HIV status was statistically significant for anxiety and depression symptoms. Anxiety symptoms were positively associated with HIV-negative GBM engaging in chemsex compared to HIV-negative GBM not engaging in chemsex (aOR=1.75, 95%CI:1.14-2.68); significant confounders included being younger (aOR=1.04, 95%CI:1.02-1.05), education ≤ high school diploma (aOR=1.89, 95%CI:1.28-2.82), alcohol misuse (aOR=1.45, 95%CI:1.08-1.96), lifetime history of sexual abuse (aOR=3.47, 95%CI:2.46-4.92) and being positive to C. trachomatis, gonococcal or syphilis infection (aOR=0.45, 95%CI:0.27-0.75). Depression symptoms were positively associated with HIV-negative GBM engaging in chemsex compared to HIV-negative GBM not engaging in chemsex (aOR=1.66, 95%CI:1.11-2.46); significant confounders included not identifying as a cis-gendered male (aOR=2.77, 95%CI:1.78-4.28) and lifetime history of sexual abuse (aOR=2.85, 95%CI:2.08-3.91). Conclusions: Results suggest that engaging in chemsex is linked to anxiety and depression symptoms among HIV-negative GBM but not for GBM living with HIV. Longitudinal research is needed to understand the directionality of identified associations. Implications of results for intervention strategies are discussed.

Keyphrases: Chemsex, Anxiety, HIV, GBM
Impact de la culture organisationnelle sur l'ergomanie

The main goal of this thesis is to study of the influence of organizational culture on workaholism. Workaholism is an addiction to work that requires working excessively and compulsively. The existing literature on the subject has enabled us to distinguish workaholism leading to burnout from workaholism not leading to burnout. We have developed a typology of workaholics’ profiles which classifies workers along two continuums: the vertical axis represents the degree of workaholism (we will here contrast individuals showing no sign of addiction to highly addicted individuals). The horizontal axis provides information on the degree of burnout. It leads to four groups of workers: relaxed workers, tired workers, non-toxic workaholics and toxic workaholics. The data comes from the SALVEO study conducted in Canada by the Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale (ERTSM). The data was collected between 2009 and 2012 in 63 workplaces with a response rate of 71.3%, equivalent to 2,162 employees. First, performed descriptive analyzes of our population in order to know the fundamental characteristics of the entire SALVEO sample. Then, we performed bivariate analyzes to determine the absence or presence of a significant linear relationship between the variables. We have then performed multivariate analyzes of our variables in order to obtain the net effects of our variables on the workaholic profil. These have shown that rational culture associates positively with workers with toxic workaholism and, conversely, group culture associates negatively with workers with toxic workaholism.

Keyphrases: surengagement, Workaholism, organizational culture, burnout, over commitment