NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Applying 3D modelling technology to traditional craftwork :
rapid prototyping in artisanal jewellery making and its impact on the perceived value
of jewellery

Since the Industrial Revolution, technology has transformed the world of manufacturing. Nowadays, new technologies, such as rapid prototyping, are breaking through in areas that once belonged exclusively to the domain of handicraft, such as jewellery making, by providing quicker and easier means of fabrication.  The methodology of this research uses a mixed approach to answer the two research questions: - ‘How does rapid prototyping technology influence the practice of jewellery making and its outcome? In what way?’ - ‘How does the use of rapid prototyping technology influence potential users appreciation of a piece of jewellery? In what ways?’ During this qualitative research, data were gathered during interviews with three different jewellers as well as with two focus groups composed of potential consumers. The results revealed that the use of RP is useful in overcoming some limits of the handmade techniques regarding geometry, marketability and finesse of details. On the other hand it creates distance between the hand of the jeweller and the created object, thereby denaturalising the practice. The technology was found to be regarded as a less authentic means of making jewellery as compared to hand made: the use of machines recalled mass production and the feature of reproducibility was perceived as something that decreased the emotional potential of a piece of jewellery.  This research provides a better understanding of the use of rapid prototyping technology in jewellery making and its implications. It will hopefully inspire the development of ways to better integrate the technology with the manual practice.

Keyphrases: design de bijoux, Jewellery design, rapid prototyping, jewellery making, craftsmanship
L’or bleu, une ressource à redéfinir : la conciliation du droit à l’eau et de ses enjeux

Formerly considered as an inexhaustible resource, there is presently a global fresh water shortage.In this context, it is essential to verify if and how we can assure adequate protection of the water supply and how such a protection could be put in place. Using a juridico-political approach, the purpose of this thesis is to reinforce the existence of a human right to water and to analyze water management problems through various trade agreements and water governance structures, internationally and in Canada. Our analysis reveals the evolution of a human right to water in international law but its enforceability is preconditioned to the recognition of this right by States. Our observations highlight an international tendency toward privatizing water resources, a tendency that should be revised to ensure the realization of a right to water for all.

Keyphrases: Right to Water, Human Right to Water, Water resources management, Privatization, Water
L’Irak au bord de l’éclatement « Les dix péchés capitaux d’une reconstruction ratée »

The current Iraqi crisis has several causes. Looking beyond short-term implications, the consequences of the military intervention of 2003 are the most significant. The failure of the process of institutional reconstruction gave birth to a weak, dysfunctional and corrupt state; a fertile ground for the establishment and the proliferation of terrorist and criminal movements. In this working paper, the author attempts to identify the ‘’profound reasons’’ of the current drama while taking into account the impacts of the multiple transformations that have affected state structures since the fall of the Baathist regime in April 2003.

Keyphrases: Institutions
L’architecture de paysage moderne du campus de l’Université de Montréal

The campus of the University of Montreal is based on a highly significant association of buildings and landscape design that contributes to our understanding of the evolution of the use of space in the campus environment. For a number of historical reasons, the open spaces of the 1960s deserve particular attention. In the context of unprecedented expansion experienced by the university at the time and the simultaneous coming to age in Québec of the disciplines of landscaping and planning, open spaces on the campus became, for the first time in the history of the university, the focus of serious reflection. This article describes the context influencing the planning principles applied by La Haye and Associates, one of Québec’s leading urban planning firms, in designing these open spaces for the campus. We trace the strengths and shortcomings of modern thinking about open spaces – on the one hand, the innovative approaches used in planning and design, and, on the other, the overemphasis placed on car related needs, at the expense of safety and opportunities for social interaction.

Keyphrases: Planification de campus, University of Montreal campus, Campus design and planning, Modern public spaces, Modern landscape architecture
Rancheros y el Estado mexicano : la construcción del honor a través del poder

This research aims to examine a cattle ranchers’ society in a community located in north Jalisco: Colotlán. I will study its relationship with the environment, its economy involved in national and international markets, its political configuration (considering its links with the state) and its symbolism, that includes their work ethics. My analysis has allowed me to identify different forms of relationship among peers and the values, the affective dimensions, and the representations that derive from them. I propose the existence of a certain type of social formation that can be called “honorable society” due to the importance of the traditions that concern their main economic activity, as well as its identity founded on moral values and rules linked to honor. I analyze the connection of power with politics and the way political power is built, the existing links between honor and power, and how people build honor through power. This society has suffered the increasing impact of modernizing practices and ideologies, with attempts at institutionalization through national and state interests.   Relying on a methodology that combines research in historical archives and extensive fieldwork, this thesis aims to contribute to the studies of cultural identities, in which honor occupies a central place in the context of the relationship between rancher communities and the state.

Keyphrases: Identity, Honor, Cattle ranchers, Farmers, Power, State
Etude du rôle de la réponse UV sur le contrôle de la réparation par excision de nucléotides (NER) des dommages à l’ADN : rôle des voies MAPK et de l’ADN polymérase eta

The UV-response is a complex cellular response to UV irradiation, which allows cellular adaptation and protection against deleterious effects of UV. This specialized response involves numerous molecular and signaling events from plasma membrane and from the nucleus represented, among others, by Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway activation and translesion synthesis respectively. More particularly, the exact role of these events on the removal UV-induced DNA damage by nucleotide excision repair (NER) in human cells is poorly understood and documented. By using a sensitive flow cytometry based-NER assay, presented and validated in this thesis, to quantify the removal of UV-DNA damage, it was unexpectedly found that Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signalling, originating from the the plasma membrane, does not regulate the efficiency of UV-induced DNA damage repair in human cells. Indeed, MAPK inhibition with pharmacological inhibitors, expression of short-hairpin RNA or dominant negative mutant, all together, substantiate fully the lack of effect of this signalling pathway on UV-damage removal by NER in human primaries and tumorous cells. Surprisingly, the same NER assay, applied to quantify the removal of UV-induced DNA damages as a function of the cell cycle, has shown a requirement of functional translesion synthesis polymerase eta (Pol η) for efficient UV-DNA damage repair in human cells uniquely during S-phase, where its function is required for the bypass of UV DNA damage. This observation, originally made in fibroblasts from xeroderma pigmentosum variant syndrome (XP-V) afflicted patients, was further confirmed in normal human cells, by abrogation of endogenous Pol η expression or by complementation with Pol η in XP-V cells. All together, the data presented here, indicate that MAPK signaling play no role in NER-mediated UV-damage removal, but highlight a role for UV-DNA damage tolerance response, as translesion synthesis, in regulation of NER efficiency. More particularly, these observations establish a potential link between the S-Phase Repair (SPR) of UV-DNA damages and replicative stress, revealed by a deficiency of Pol η or ATR. This SPR defects seen under acute replicative stress conditions could impact tumorogenesis or chemotherapy outcomes. Moreover, SPR defects, seen in XP-V cells could be controlled by replicative stress, and also reflect a protective coordination to reduce high risks of genetic or chromosomal aberrations that may occur during DNA replication upon UV exposure. Key Words: Translesion, UV, TLS, eta, MAPK, NER, S-phase, flow-cytometry, CPD.

Keyphrases: UV, eta, MAPK, NER, CPD, TLS, Eta, S-Phase, Flow-cytometry, Translesion
Préoccupations éthiques des intervenants dans leur travail d'accompagnement auprès des aînés en fin de vie résidant en centre d'hébergement

The aim of this Bioethic thesis is to identify the intervening staff's ethical concerns in their support services beside elderlies living in Accommodation centre in the end of their lives. In the frame of an exploratory qualitative research, twelve semi-directed interview are carried out with members of the staff working directly with the clientele of such Accommodation centre. The originality of this thesis is to give a voice to the staff in direct interaction with the residents and to collect the concerns they have in mind while they perform their activities. The qualitative analysis of the content of these interviews allow expose many concerns of the staff in regard of différent elements of the environnement such as the Center as an organisation, the resident and the end of his life, the peers of the last, the associates of the staff such as families and co-workers, as much as much toward themselves in regard of their knowhow and how to be. Nonetheless, certain component limit its range such as : the choice of volunteers as participants, their small number particularly regarding the males staff and, the effect of social desirability that could have drawn the presentation of an improved vision of the reality. This thesis contribute to the advance of the knowledge in bioethics, demonstrating that the recourse at Ricœur's ethical thinking constitute a pertinent to use for the comprehension and analysis of the institutional functioning, the quality of life of the residents in end of life, as much as for the intervention of staff in their interventions in their accompaniment toward the residents and their families. In leaning on Ricœur's components of small ethics to set the bases of a program of end of life in Accommodation centre, this thesis shows also that the reference to Ricœur can constitute a valid resource to elaborate a response to the ministerial directive taking in account the staff's recommandations.

Keyphrases: Ethics, End of life, Senior home, Staff, Senior, Accompaniment, Shared experience
Impact de la nouvelle loi sur le contrat du travail (dite «loi de 2008») sur les stratégies de gestion des multinationales étrangères en chine

China's economic growth observed over the past three decades has been accompanied by some significant social changes. Until 2008, the labor law inherited from the socialist era and unsuited to the market economy, benefited economic growth rather than workers. The new Labor Contract Law (2008) aims at correcting this situation by balancing the labor relationship in the context of a more equitable sharing of wealth. The objective of this M.A. thesis is to understand how foreign companies in China contend with this institutional change. Does it impact their management and their location strategy? This issue is addressed by studying the case of one foreign company that has been based in Shanghai for the last 10 years. The first observed effect is a professionalization of human resource management within the firm. The increase in operating costs (to which the new law contributes in part) has also led to the relocation of manufacturing operations to cheaper area in central China. The specific expertise acquired in Shanghai is the major reason prohibiting a relocation to another country.

Keyphrases: Entreprise multinational, China, Labor law, Multinational companies, Labor relations, Human ressources management, Firm relocation
Agrégation de tensioactifs anioniques à une interface solide-aqueux induite par l'oxydation d'une monocouche auto-assemblée de ferrocenylalkanethiolates

The redox-induced pairing from aqueous solution of a homologous series of sodium n-alkyl sulfate (6, 8, 10 and 12 carbon atoms) to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ferrocenyldodecanethiolates on a gold surface (Fc(CH2)12SAu) is investigated by spectroscopy of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) coupled with the cyclic voltammetry (CV). The SPR technique is used to monitor in real time the adsorption of surfactant in function of the applied potential. It quantifies the adsorbed layer thickness and surface coverage to determine the organization of anionic surfactants on SAM. CV is used to characterize the oxidation of ferrocene group in the presence of sodium n-alkyl sulfates that associate with SAM through matching between the ferrocenium and sulfate group.   Binary mixtures of alkylesulfates of different compositions are used to determine the structure induced by a redox reaction. The effect of the length of the hydrocarbon chain on the amount of anionic surfactants adsorbed and the relative affinities of matching the ferroceniums alkyl sulfate anions are reported in this thesis. These electrosensitive surfaces allow the detection of amphiphilic molecules and the understanding the behavior of binary mixtures of surfactants. Thus, this work will result in progress on the electrochemical modulation organizing materials on solid substrates based on the ion-pairing.

Keyphrases: sulfate n-alkyle de sodium, Self-assembled monolayers, sodium n-alkyl sulfate, cyclic voltammetry, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy
Les Iroquoiens de Droulers/Tsiionhiakwatha et le cristal de quartz

Among the large number of artefacts found on the Droulers/Tsiionhiakwatha Iroquoian village (BgFn-1), the assemblage of stone tools is very small. The Iroquoians at Droulers produced scrapers, arrowheads, drills, whetstones and manos, and also shaped tools with crystal quartz. Among the 3595 lithic objects, we find 18 tools and 1085 pieces of debitage in crystal quartz, which compose over 30% of the total lithic assemblage. Cristal quartz was worked during Québec prehistory, but never to this extent. This thesis is about the chaîne opératoire of crystal quartz and its uses throughout prehistory of Québec and among prehistoric Iroquoians.

Keyphrases: Droulers/Tsiionhiakwatha, Cristal de quartz, Chaîne opératoire, Northeast archaeology, Saint Lawrence valley, Saint Lawrence Iroquoians, Crystal quartz, Lithic analysis
Les traversées d’une tradition : identité culturelle et remédiation de la chanson populaire au Québec

This work, which mainly takes the form of an argumentative text, represents the written part of this master’s thesis and follows a process of reflection on a film production, from its conception to its reception. It exposes the results of a creative process through various stages and accompanies the creation part, Les Saisons Lyriques, which is a documentary film. These chapters are intended as a tool for any film artist wishing to do audiovisual experimentation that raises the question of how the choice of the film media is effective to carry and convey a subject. In this thesis, the subject is incidental and serves as material to show why the documentary film is a reliable way of expression to translate an idea and produce the desired effect, even when there is interaction between one media and another. This study will help to evaluate subsequent levels at which media can be found working in the service of another. Although the subject is secondary, it is appropriate in this context in that it concerns an artistic object broadcast by various kinds of media: the song. The latter, representing the subject of specific study, is surrounded by a more elaborate topic: the transformation of Quebec's cultural identity through the remediation of the popular song.

Keyphrases: Cinema, Song, Documentary, Identity, Quebec
Collaborer : un jeu d’enfant? : regards des parents de familles vulnérables sur les relations famille-école

Parents in vulnerable families encounter both personal and social problems that further complicate their ability for effective parenting; this, leading to incidences that may affect their child’s development (Léveillé, Chamberland et Tremblay-Renaud, 2007). Therefore, there may be an increase of school-based and social interventions seen within these families. It is strongly recommended that parents be encouraged to actively participate in available programs as well as academic and social intervention strategies (MSSS, 2003). Participating in these programs can be quite challenging for these parents. The objective of this research is to develop a better understanding of the parents’ point of view with regards to the professionals who participate in the decision making process for their child’s academic development as well as their own place in the decisions making process. In order to meet this objective, a sub sample of 19 parents was used to evaluate the AIDES initiative. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with the participants. An analysis of the results identified three dimensions that are influencing the parents’ level of satisfaction: the parents’ position within the decisions making process, the quality of the relationship with the professionals and whether the needs of their child are met. An exploration of ways to encourage parental participation in school-based decision making and improve the ability to meet the need of these children living in vulnerable families is presented.

Keyphrases: Participation parentale, Implication parentale, Home-school relationship, Parental involvement, School, family, and community partnerships , Educational success, Vulnerable families , home-school relationship, parental involvement, school, family, and community partnerships, educational success, vulnerable families
Caractérisation des nanoparticules polymériques par la technique d'ultracentrifugation analytique

The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous industrial fields is becoming more common, which increases their propagation in the environment. Their generally unknown persistence, mobility, bioaccumulation and toxicity all contribute to increased risks to human health and to ecosystems. Unfortunately, their characterization and quantification are complex analytical challenges due in large part to their dynamic nature (small size, high reactivity and instability). The objective of this study was to characterize polymeric nanoparticles (Allosperse®), which are intended for the dispersion of the nanopesticides using analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC). To achieve this goal, the sizes of various metallic nanoparticles (nAg, QD), metallic oxides (nTiO2, nZnO) and polystyrene nanoparticles (nPS) were first determined by AUC using different detectors (absorbance, fluorescence and interference). In the case of polymeric nanoparticles, a number of preliminary tests were carried out in order to optimize the speed and duration of the ultracentrifugation, the number of scans and the concentration of the NPs for the determination of their hydrodynamic diameter (dh). The analysis indicated that the AUC was able to measure the sizes of the smallest nanoparticles. In addition, evaluations of the behavior of these nanoparticles between pH 4-8, ionic strengths from 0 to 500 mM, in the presence and absence of natural organic matter (NOM) showed that they had a dh of about 7.0 nm with small increases at low pH or for large ionic strengths or hardness. These results strongly demonstrated a high physical and chemical stability of allosphères, which implied that they would have a high mobility in soils. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) were used to validate the results obtained by the AUC.

Keyphrases: pH, Polymeric nanoparticles, Characterization, pH, Ionic strength, Hardness, Natural organic matter, Mobility, Soil, Analytical ultracentrifugation
Le panasiatisme en Asie : une construction de l’identité asiatique et japonaise, 1900-1924

Research on the development of Pan-asianism outside Japan has long been neglected by historians. This thesis is an attempt of decompartmentalization of Pan-asianism to better understand its emergence in Asia and its role in the construction of an Asian identity between 1900 and 1924. This will be done by examining the speech of five actors of this "ideology." Using a Global History perspective, it demonstrates how Pan-asianism in Asia is part of a network of contacts and circulation of ideas in the early 20th century which was mainly influenced by two concepts in its definition of Asia: the yellow race and the Asian civilisation. Other than trying to better understand the relationships between Pan-asianism in Asia and Japan, this master’s thesis also explores the similarities and differences between them, especially the creation of an identity and a perception of Japan as a model of modernization and leader of the continent that spreads in Asia through Pan-asianism’s rhetoric.

Keyphrases: Pan-asianism, Asia, Identity, Japan, Global History, Regionalism, Modern Asia History, Anti-colonialism, Anti-imperialism
Les stratégies organisationnelles de gestion des rumeurs sur Internet : une analyse ventriloque

In this thesis, we analyze the strategies organizations develop to manage and fight against rumors through the Internet and the social media. The objective is to mobilize a ventriloquial approach to analyze how various authority figures are used by the organizations and the consumers to lend weight to their respective positions through their online interactions. As we show, organizations use a multitude of authority figures to convince their consumers. At the same time, they position themselves as subjected to agencies that are contextual to the rumor they are facing. Similarly, Internet users stage concerns that are supposed to drive their positions. As we show, dialogues between organizations and Internet users reflect different relations between these two parties. Indeed, organizations do not all interact in the same way with Internet users. This analysis is based on data collected from organization websites and social media such as Facebook and Twitter.

Keyphrases: Communication, Internet, Rumor, Crisis management, Authority figures, Conversation analysis, Organization, Social media