NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
BROMANCE : les paradoxes des stratégies homosociales

Since the turn of the 21st century, the emergence!of!the term “Bromance” is seen as reflecting a significant phenomenon in popular American culture. The concept reflects an evolving definition of a particular kind of friendship between men as portrayed in movies, television and on the Internet. Bromance movies, which are characterized by multiple scenes of declarations of love between men, reflect this new way of approaching the male friendship. Through the various definitions of masculinity in these films, the issue of heterosexuality remains ubiquitous. Despite the weakening of some traditional male stereotypes, it remains no less that the notion of 'real' masculinity persists and is systematically linked to the heterosexuality of males who share a relationship that exceeds the usual friendship, a Bromance. In this context, several strategies are used to prove the masculinity and the heterosexuality of the protagonists. One of them seems to be at the heart of these films and takes the form of a competition between men who dare to perform an act conventionally associated with homosexuality. "Gay Chicken" videos on the Internet show men kissing and touching without being disturbed or shaken. It is the ability of a man to stay calm, in control and insensitive to the body of an another man that proves the unshakeable side of his heterosexuality and therefore his masculinity. This spirit of "Gay chicken" is found everywhere in the world of Bromance films. Paradoxically, these new 'models' of manhood aim to embody a more flexible, open and sensitive masculinity, while also proving their virility. This "contemporary masculinity" blurs the line between what is manly and what is not, between what is feminine and what is not and between what is homosexual and what is not. Homosocial relations within the context of a Bromance become indispensable opportunities to prove to everyone the strength of one’s heterosexuality. This research will focus more specifically on the paradoxes of a "contemporary masculinity" which is closely tied to heterosexual orientation, through some films from popular American culture that are associated with Bromance. The objective is to show how these films are significant demonstrations of a new statement of male identity that emerges through homosocial relationships marked by homosexual tensions and subtexts which must be continuously suppressed or invalidated.

Keyphrases: Bromance, Homosocial, Masculin, Comédies, Friendship, Masculinity, Male, Heterosexuality, Heteronormativity, American cinema, Comedies, Popular culture, Bromance, Homosocial
Mael-e(s)t-France

A performance of Mael Le Mée and France Geoffroy Photos and videos (France): Denis Louis Photo (Montreal): Alexandre Cv France Geoffroy’s assistant: Rosalie Chrétien Production: Espace Projet and Dorsa Barlow Performance co-developed within the project BIOGRAPHIES, with the support of CNC - DICRéAM, Aquitaine Regional Council and the City of Bordeaux.

Keyphrases: art contemporain, création, contemporary art, creation
La bioéthique, l’art et le syndrome des ovaires polykystiques: propos impressionniste visant à réhabiliter les corps tabous et les ovaires blâmés

Bioethics pushes human beings to confront and take responsibility for the problems they have created, while art inspires a re-enchantment in order to give a different meaning to what has become mechanical and technoscientific world. Health is not exempt from this rigid world view, and related beliefs are often presented in a paradigmatic and absurd fashion where health becomes the object of a biomedicine’s instrumental and scientific rationality. Following this contextualization, it becomes easier to understand the frustrating journey described by women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the context of healthcare. Biomedicine conceives PCOS as biological and individual, neglecting the contribution of a more global perspective. In contrast to biomedicine, preventive approaches that seek to improve health status and not simply treat the disease offer a more holistic perspective of care. In this context, art is conceived as a unique way to remember forgotten values: a more humane and greater sensitivity, a relation to health that is respectful of life, a creativity in caring. The process becomes a moral and beautiful gesture that is not an appeal to fight against evil, but to take care of health with love and peace, while opening up new opportunities to improve the quality of life of these women and so produce a greater good.

Keyphrases: art, polycystic ovary syndrome, global approach, responsibility, ethics
The French Canadian founder population : lessons and insights for genetic epidemiological research

The French Canadian founder population has a demographic history that makes it an important population for epidemiology and genetics. This work aims to explain what features can be used to improve the design and analysis of genetic epidemiological studies in the Quebec population. First we take advantage of the presence of extended genealogical records among French Canadians to estimate relatedness from those records and compare it to the genetic kinship. The kinship based on identical-by-descent sharing correlates well with the genealogical kinship, further demonstrating the usefulness of genomic identical-by-descent detection to capture complex relatedness involving inbreeding and our findings can guide the interpretation of results in other population without genealogical data. Second to optimally exploit the full potential of these well preserved, exhaustive and detailed French Canadian genealogical data we present the GENLIB R package developed to study large genealogies. We also investigate identical-by-descent sharing with simulations and highlight the fact that regional population structure can facilitate the identification of notable founders that could have introduced disease mutations, opening the door to prevention and screening of founder-related diseases. Third, knowing that French Canadians have accumulated segments of homozygous genotypes, as a result of inbreeding due to distant ancestors, we estimate the inbreeding in French Canadian individuals and investigate its impact on multiple health traits. We show how inbreeding depression influences complex traits such as height and blood-related traits. Those results are a few examples of what we can learn from the French Canadian population and will help to gain insight on other populations’ characteristics as well as help the genetic epidemiological research within the French Canadian population.

Keyphrases: French Canadian population, Genetic epidemiology, Identical-by-descent sharing, Genealogical analysis, Population genetics, Distant consanguinity, Inbreeding depression
La théorie sociale de la connaissance et la gestion du patrimoine documentaire à l’ère numérique

Memory and knowledge institutions (for example, libraries, archives, museums) face significant challenges in their responsibilities to ensure the long-term preservation of documentary heritage in the digital age. The overabundance of digital information, the potential unrestricted ability to create and produce digital information by individuals and social groups; the lack of storage capacity and ability to disseminate digital information by documentary heritage institutions are only a few of these challenges. Moreover, the approaches and methods used in an analogue environment to identify, manage, preserve and disseminate Canadian documentary heritage have proven to be non-transferable to the digital environment. We suggest that social epistemology can support the development of public policy approach for documentary heritage institutions to identify Canada's documentary heritage in the digital age. We explored this issue and we tried to respond to it through three scientific articles. Our research indicates that existing professional practice and objective knowledge remains persistent and limits the formulation and application of new theoretical frameworks, administrative policies and instruments related to the identification and selection of documentary heritage. To remedy this situation, our research identifies a conceptual framework that can be used to develop public policies on Canada's documentary heritage.

Keyphrases: Applied human sciences, Archival science, Documentary heritage, Library and information science, Public administration
LMX à distance : analyse qualitative et développement d’une échelle de mesure

In this research, we define the concept of distance leader-member exchange (distance LMX) and present a valid and reliable scale to measure it. We argue that the notion of distance is not a contextual element but is instead an integral component of the concept, unlike studies that have examined only the impact of distance in LMX relationships (Bligh and Riggio, 2012; Brunelle, 2013). Therefore we believe that our study is original and groundbreaking in the human resource management field. This measurement tool will allow the dyad parties to better adapt to this new working reality and will motivate them to collaborate and develop high-quality relationships. Our study thus offers an interesting contribution to help companies manage their employees and improve performance in cases of remote working. A review of the literature regarding traditional LMX and distance concepts was carried out to provide an accurate definition of the concept of distance LMX. We relied on the psychometric literature to build a measurement scale for this concept. This scale is the result of a qualitative exploratory study conducted among thirty Canadian university professors. For the data analysis we used Nvivo software to analyze the interviews. We present an initial measurement scale for distance LMX composed of 7 dimensions and 27 indicators. To summarize, we propose an approach to better understand the increasingly widespread remote-working phenomenon, and provide a theoretical and practical platform to help researchers better grasp this concept. Our study will surely help supervisors and subordinates understand the importance of developing and maintaining good relationships that will generate positive organizational and personal results.

Keyphrases: Distance, Leader-member exchange (LMX), Distance, Distance LMX
L’idéalisme et le phénoménalisme leibnizien

Many commentators try to read Leibniz either as an idealist or a realist, adding a phenomenalist reading to theses first two analyses. However, those terms are however often used with ambiguities, making Leibniz sometimes an even more complex philosopher. The first purpose of this master’s thesis is to gather and compare all these interpretations in order to clarify Leibniz’s thought. In this study, his writings will be used to defend the following interpretation : Leibniz can be considered as a realist since he develops a theory where monads act as « mind-independent » entities. Nonetheless, these monads are non-extended and without parts. Therefore, we can present an idealistic understanding of Leibniz, for they are the “basic building-blocks” of his metaphysic. Still, clarifications need to be made concerning the body. It can either be “real”, if it is seen as an aggregate of monads. Or, it can be considered a “mind-dependent” phenomenon if seen as the result of monadic perceptions. We will develop, between these two possibilities, an intermediate position stating that bodies are indeed aggregates of monads (matter realism). However they must be considered as phenomena for this same reason (phenomenalism). Corporeal aggregates require the action of the mind which alone can give them unity. On the contrary monads are said to be unum per se. Bodies are therefore phenomena but precisely well founded in the monads that compose them.

Keyphrases: Leibniz, substance, substance corporelle, Idealism, Realism, Phenomenalism, body, corporeal substance, monad, metaphysic, modern philosophy
Rapport à l’espace, rapport à l’autre : constructions des discours sur l’immigration dans la banlieue lavalloise

This master's thesis addresses citizen discourses, regarding ethnocultural otherness in suburban neighborhood of Laval. To do so, I focus on the specific context of the city of Laval to detangle the relations between space and ethnocultural otherness from the perspective of the inhabitants. This research, thus standing at the crossroads of ethnic studies, social geography and urban studies, enables an anchoring of the representation of ethnocultural diversity in both the social and physical spaces of the suburb. Within this framework, the discourses of the Lavallois, coming from two neighbourhoods each characterized by different processes of urban development and ethnic diversification are analyzed. For a majority of our sample, the recent changes in the urban landscape attest of a diversification in the inhabited space that generally evokes a negative response. The presence of ethnocultural otherness in the public and private spaces of Laval is also linked to a perceived degradation of the social bond in their community. At the study's conclusion, I argue that the perception of immigrants is intertwined in the recent urban changes occurring in the city of Laval. As such, immigrants are directly associated with the loss of the idealized suburban branding.

Keyphrases: Laval, immigration, discours, suburb, space, ethnicity, discourse, citizenship, inhabited space
Synthèse systématique des écrits : les instruments d’évaluation de la comorbidité psychiatrique présentée par les adolescent(e)s

This dissertation outlines the results of a systematic review of literature regarding comprehensive assessment of comorbid disorders with adolescents. The SR identified 11 instruments capable of assessing comorbid disorders of DSM-IV’s Axe’s I, including every time substance related disorders. Once those instruments identified, a second review took place to identified research that had put those instruments to the test regarding validity and reliability of diagnostics produced: 57 studies were identified. Their methodological robustness was evaluated with the QUADAS-2 and 47 studies composed the final sample. The results are presented by diagnostics (Substance related disorder (mandatory), Generalized anxiety disorder, Major depressive disorder, Conduct disorder, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Posttraumatic stress disorder) and by instruments. After analyzing the data collected, it appears that it is difficult to compare the instruments to each other, given the great diversity of scales they contain, as well as the various researches’ design when put to the test regarding their validity and reliability. However, two instruments distinguish themselves by the methodological robustness of the studies who have analyzed them and their excellent global result.  They are the ChIPS and the K-SADS.

Keyphrases: Adolescent, Adolescente, Systematic review, Comprehensive assessment, Comorbidity, Psychiatric, Youth, Validity, Reliability
Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride adsorption at the silica/water interface studied by Sum Frequency Generation

Sum Frequency Generation (SFG), an interface specific spectroscopic technique, was used to characterize the changes in the macromolecular structure of the cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) at the silica/water interface at pH values ranging from 3 to 11. The experimental conditions were selected to mimic conditions common during enhanced oil recovery operations. In particular, silica was studied since it is one of the most abundant mineral components of sandstone reservoirs, and surfactant adsorption was studied at an ionic strength (100 mM NaCl) relevant to hydraulic fracturing fluids. SFG spectra showed detectable peaks with increasing amplitude in the methylene and methyl stretching region when the pH was lowered to 3 or increased to 11, suggesting changes in the surfactant aggregate structure at the silica/water interface at a DTAC concentration above the critical micelle concentration. In addition, changes in the SFG intensity were observed for the water spectrum when increasing the DTAC concentration from 0.2 to 50 mM under acidic, neutral or alkaline conditions. At pH 3, near the point of zero charge of the silica surface, the excess positive charge due to adsorption of the cationic surfactant creates an electrostatic field that orients water molecules at the interface. At pH 7 and 11, which are above the point of zero charge of the silica surface, the negative electrostatic field at the silica/water interface decreases in magnitude with surfactant adsorption due to compensation of the negative surface charge by the positively charged DTAC. The SFG results were correlated with contact angle and interfacial tension measurements at pH 3, 7 and 11.

Keyphrases: Surfactants d’alkylammonium, Nonlinear spectroscopy, Alkylammonium surfactants, Mineral/Water interfaces, Wettability, Interfacial tension, Hydraulic fracturing
How I Got Pregnant: Should Having a Child Justify a Partner’s ‘Deception’?

This is a commentary related to the creative work by James Dwyer entitled “How I Got Pregnant”, a story that raises ethical issues about a woman’s request for medical assistance to get pregnant without the intention to disclose this to her husband. In this commentary, I argue that this woman’s attitude breaks trust with her husband, and show why the justifications she offered in order to argue for her request to conceive a child without her husband’s knowledge are flawed.

Keyphrases: reproduction assistée, assisted reproduction, deception, women’s right over her body, right-to-know of the partner
Biochemical and functional characterization of the tumor suppressors BRCA1 and BAP1

Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that plays major roles in regulating a plethora of cellular processes. In this thesis, I will discuss the biochemical and functional characterization of two functionally related proteins, BRCA1 and BAP1, both of which are important tumor suppressors. BRCA1, an ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes the attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins, is mutated in breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 roles in maintaining genomic stability following DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) by promoting the homologous recombination repair pathway is well established. However, how BRCA1 is regulated following genotoxic stress that does not directly involve DSBs is still not fully elucidated. We showed that BRCA1 is downregulated, through proteasomal degradation, following exposure of the cells to the DNA helix distorting agent UV or the DNA alkylating agent Methyl Methanesulfonate (MMS), two DNA damaging agents that do not directly generate DSBs. BRCA1 downregulation is reversible and is independent of the PI3 kinase related kinases, ATM, ATR or DNA-PK which constitute primary responders that are rapidly activated by DNA damage. We proposed that BRCA1 downregulation prevents the untimely recruitment of BRCA1 and associated factors to DNA damage sites that are not DSBs, thus coordinating the DNA damage/repair response.   The deubiquitinating enzyme BAP1 was initially identified as an interacting protein that regulates the function of BRCA1. BAP1 is also known to interact with the Polycomb group proteins ASXL1 and ASXL2. However, the importance of this interaction was not fully understood. We showed that BAP1 forms two mutually exclusive complexes with ASXL1 and ASXL2. These interactions are critical for BAP1 binding to ubiquitin and stimulation of its deubiquitinase activity towards histone H2A. We also identified cancer-derived mutations of BAP1 that abrogate its interaction with ASXL1 and ASXL2 and deubiquitinase activity, which provide a direct mechanistic link between H2A deubiquitination and tumorigenesis.   Elucidating how BRCA1 and BAP1 are regulated will lead to a better understanding of their roles as tumor suppressors and this will in turn help establishing improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to treat cancer.

Keyphrases: Ubiquitination, BRCA1, deubiquitination, BAP1, ASXL1, ASXL2, histone, H2A, DNA, damage
Impact des cavines sur le phénotype invasif et inflammatoire des cellules souches mésenchymateuses

The evolution of an initiated tumor cell into a solid tumor requires at each stage a favorable microenvironment for its survival and growth. The tumor microenvironment is compared to a chronic inflammation site with a cellular and molecular complex composition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have important roles in tumor microenvironment. They migrate to tumor sites where they maintain the inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor development by activating multiple signaling pathways. One of the major pathways that contribute to inflammation is the NF-B signaling pathway. The initiation of this pathway comes from the cell membrane and caveolae. Our hypothesis is that one of cavins, proteins associated to caveolae, modulates the inflammatory phenotype and migration in MSC treated with TNF-. We suggest that this process is modulated by a NF-B signaling pathway. Indeed, we observed an up-regulation of the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and a decrease in the expression of IκB which suggest that activation of the NF-B pathway is involved in the MSC treated with TNF. We found that the TNF- induced migration in the MSC, and the knockout of Cavin-2 significantly increased migration of MSC treated with TNF-. The silencing of Cavin-2 considerably increased tubulogenesis of MSC treated with TNF-. At the molecular level, knockout of Cavin-2 showed a very strong amplification of protein expression of COX-2 in the MSC in response to TNF-. In these same cells where Cavin-2 was repressed and treated with TNF-, the peak of phosphorylation of pIB is more intense and the phosphorylation curve is sustained in time. These observations allow us to assert that Cavin-2 has a repressing role on the expression of COX-2. Collectively, our results show that the gene encoding Cavin-2 can be proposed as tumor suppressor gene. This study allowed us to identify new therapeutic targets: Cavins proteins.

Keyphrases: Inflammation, Migration, TNF-alpha, COX-2, mesenchymal stem cells, cavins, inflammation, migration, TNF-aplha, COX-2
Mécanismes d'action des cellules stromales mésenchymateuses dans le traitement de la réaction du greffon contre l'hôte

Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is a very serious side effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This disease results in high mortality and devastating symptoms. Treatments for GvHD include a lot of pharmaceuticals, including corticosteroids, but these are immunosuppressive and their adverse effects cause a lot of damage to the patient and hinder the healing process. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) represent a potential alternative or addition to the GvHD treatment regimen. These cells do not seem to carry the secondary effects associated with classical treatments. A number of studies have been registered concerning MSC. In spite of the spike of interest, the mechanism of immunomodulation deployed by MSC remains to be elucidated. Our objective is to better characterise this mechanism. We have used a simple in vitro model to simulate GvHD. This model is based on the stimulation of CD4+ T cells by allogenic dendritic cells. The measure of the proliferation of the stimulated lymphocytes serves as an indicator of the reactivity. According to the results obtained by CRISPR genetic engineering, MSC exert this immunomodulatory effect on T cells mainly by the secretion of IDO1 enzyme. These MSC are also able to induce T cells to become inhibitory, a process independent of the secretion of IDO1. However, these inhibitory T cells would not correspond to conventional Treg cells.

Keyphrases: MSC, GvHD, HSCT, IDO1, CRISPR, CD4+ T cells