NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Pathogenèse moléculaire de la neuropathie sensitive et motrice héréditaire avec agénésie du corps calleux

Heredirary motor and sensory neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum (HMSN/ACC) is a severe neurodegenerative disease associated with developmental anomalies in the central nervous system and mental retardation. Although rare worldwide, this autosomal-recessive disorder is frequent in the French-Canadian population of Quebec because of a founder effect. Different mutations in the gene coding for the potassiumchloride co-transporter 3 (KCC3) have been associated with the disease; however, little is known about the mechanisms leading to the inactivation of the co-transporter. We sequenced 26 exons of the KCC3 gene in individuals recruited worldwide and suspected to be affected by the disease. We identified three new mutations. The functional study of these mutations gave confirmation of a systematic loss-of-function of the mutant co-transporters. As the loss of function occurs mainly via the elimination of C-terminal peptide fragments, we focused on the identification of C-terminal interacting partners. Using different biochemical approaches, such as yeast two-hydbrid, pull-down, and immunostaining, we established that KCC3 interacts with the brain-type creatine kinase CK-B and that this interaction is disrupted by the HMSN/ACC truncation mutations. In addition, a specific creatine kinase inhibitor inactivates KCC3 and shows for the first time the functional link between KCC3 and its C-terminal partners. In addition, we found that anomalies in KCC3 transit—as seen in cultured cells, in Xenopus oocytes, and in human brain samples—is a major pathogenic mechanism that also leads to the disease manifestations.

Keyphrases: Genetic disease, neuropathy, protein–protein interaction, pathomechanism, protein transit, neurodegeneration, neurodevelopment
Mortuaires suivi de La mort-vivance comme motif d'écriture dans Aurélia de Gérard de Nerval

In Mortuaires, a drama in fragments, two sisters meet in a hotel room; Jiji, the oldest, has just found their mother's ashes, dead 10 years ago; she would like to bury the urn, but the youngest, Ge, intends to keep it. It will be the occasion for them to emphasize on their own desire and, much more, to celebrate the dead mother, to reconnect with what remains of her in their memory. The text presents small scenes without continuity, although linked, like an interrupted dialogue, a ceremony replaying the body's breaking into pieces. The memory's fragmentation is the esthetic project of the drama, whose basic dramatic's spring turns around remembering, mourning, and the place of the dead body.      La mort-vivance comme motif d'écriture dans « Aurélia » de Gérard de Nerval is an essay studying the connexion between Nerval and the dead ones. In the story, these ones are very important in the process of writing. Using theories such as psychoanalysis (Freud, Jackson), sociology (Muray) and reading theory (Picard), it will be shown that Nerval, in Aurélia, is a medium and tries to take the dead ones back through dream. The writing of his dreams creates for Nerval a place where the living and the dead ones can meet, a place where everyone has to become a living dead to be in contact with others. In that way, boundaries are blurring and it becomes increasingly hard for Nerval, as for the reader, to distinguish dream from reality.

Keyphrases: fragment, Gérard de Nerval, mort, theatre, mourning, memory, mother, dream, death, living dead
Vers une poétique de la narration : films populaires et romance au cinéma bollywoodien des années 1990

In this dissertation, we study Bollywood productions from the prolific Mumbai film industry. We explore this popular cinema’s form and the new trend that appears in the 1990s, through which representations related to the new Indian middle-class are developed.  In this study, we interrogate the most successful films of the 1990s in order to understand how they deploy their narratives and their storytelling. Proceeding to descriptive and poetical analysis of their narratives, this study is mainly concerned with the treatment of romance, a major theme of this decade. Through this theme, we analyze narrative patterns, stylistic processes, obliquely expressed feelings and the dynamics of the private, public and family spheres. Essentially, we illustrate how the distribution of narrative information situates the spectator in a privileged position organizing the pleasures of his participation in Bollywood movies.

Keyphrases: Bollywood, Mumbai, Bollywood, Storytelling, Romance, Popular cinema, Stylistic processes, Narrative patterns, Poetics, Spectator's point of view, Middle class, Mumbai, India
Les mécanismes d’oxygénation sanguine de l’œil en corrélation avec le système respiratoire

Abstract Oxygen is an integral part of the environment. It has a major role to play in the cellular structures of the human body.  The two systems, which are closely related to the distribution of oxygen within the body are the cardiovascular and the respiratory systems.  The transparency of the eye can be used as a way to non-invasively measure the concentration of oxyhemoglobin in the blood which feeds the central nervous system. The capillary oxygenation of the eye was measured using multichannel spectro-reflectometry technology.  Two areas of the eye were studied: the capillaries of the optical nerve which represent retinal circulation as well as the capillaries of the eye at the corneal limbus. Five healthy non-smoking volunteers aged 20-45 years and five healthy smoking volunteers aged 20-40 years took part in this study. All subjects were exposed to hypo and hyper oxygenation conditions.  The experimental session was composed of a continuous recording of 360 seconds.  In the first 60 seconds, volunteers breathed ambient air, followed by a second phase of 180 seconds during which the subjects were either exposed to a condition of hyper (60% O2) or hypo oxygenation (15% O2).  The final phase of the experimental session was an exposure to ambient air.  Cardiac rhythm and arterial oxygenation were measured at the tip of the finger with a sphygmo-oxymeter. Clearly, variations in the oxyhemoglobin blood concentration in the capillaries of the optic nerve or the sclerotic are always directly correlated with variations in the arterial oxyhemoglobin levels.  However, the optic nerve capillaries offer more precision for measurements of oxygenation as compared to the sclerotic capillaries.  In this study, accurate information has been provided on the oxyhemoglobin concentration using spectro-reflectometry of the eye. This technology could become a tool in the diagnosis of various pulmonary or ocular pathologies.

Keyphrases: spectro-reflectometry
Intégration du contexte en traduction statistique à l’aide d’un perceptron à plusieurs couches

Phrase-based statistical machine translation systems translate source sentences one phrase at a time, conditioning the choice of each phrase on very little information. Bilingual phrase table scores are computed regardless of the context in which the phrases are used and language models only look at few words surrounding the target phrases. In this thesis, we propose a novel model to predict words that should appear in a translation given the source sentence as a whole. Our model differs from previous works by its use of mlp (multilayer perceptrons). Our interest in mlp lies in their hidden layer that encodes source sentences in a representation that is only loosely tied to words. We observed that this hidden layer was able to cluster some sentences having similar translations even if they were formulated differently. In a first set of experiments, we compared favorably our mlp to ibm1, a well known model in statistical machine translation. In a second set of experiments, we embedded our ppc in our English to French statistical machine translation system. Our MLP improved translations quality over our baseline system and a second system embedding an IBM1 model.

Keyphrases: Global lexicon, Multilayer perceptron, Statistical machine translation
Creep show suivi de "Je est des autres" : de l'esthétique borderline chez Marie-Sissi Labrèche

In Creep show, the narrator presents his creeps – some family members who are schizophrenics and inadequately appointed – and revives them by its words. By remembering certain moments when the insanity showed itself to him, he wants to dig up the buried and make them speak by lending them his writing. In a split narrative, which could evoke a collection of portraits in movement, the protagonists are presented as monsters, dreamers or sources of inspiration according to the narrator who literally dives back into the past. Presenting mental illness as the shame and the fear of the words, Creep show is a novel about silence and about the importance to understand adequately the insanity; it is a short narrative of seventeen scenes where the writing of a traumatism is experienced as a love story. The essay entitled “Je est des autres.” De l’esthétique borderline chez Marie-Sissi Labrèche describes the genesis of a “borderline” aesthetic. In a psychoanalytical and narratological approach established on the concepts of the melancholy, the kitsch and the crypt, the analysis tries to show which type of thematic and formal construction supports this aesthetic. With representative elements of the universe of Marie-Sissi Labrèche (the question of the limit, the death drive, the body obsession and the instability), the essay is interested in the way the narrator of Borderline ( 2000 ) offers a reading of the sedimentary identity and a misleading self-portrait. According to these elements of reflection, the hypothesis of a textual machine working in and by the instability (and the otherness) leads the analysis to the idea that writing the trauma could represent an attempt at reclaiming identity through the aesthetic called “borderline”.

Keyphrases: Esthétique, Kitsch, Mental illness, Childhood, Borderline personality disorder, Melancholy, Aesthetic, Kitsch
L’apolipoprotéine A-I interagit avec l’adhésine impliquée dans l’adhérence diffuse (AIDA-I) d’Escherichia coli : rôle lors du processus d’adhésion et d’invasion

The adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I) is a bacterial adhesin associated with some Escherichia coli strains that might, when associated with toxin Stx2e or STb, contribute to the development of edema disease or post-weaning diarrhea in piglets. AIDA-I is an autotransporter that mediates various phenotypes such as adhesion, autoaggregation and biofilm formation. The main aim of our project was to find potential receptor(s) for AIDA-I.  Pathogens can either bind cell directly by targeting exposed cell surface molecules or use an intermediate molecule as a bridge to lessen the space separating them from their target cell. Serum is known to contain a wide range of molecules so it has been used as raw material for the isolation of a putative receptor for AIDA-I. We isolated a putative receptor for AIDA-I: the apolipoprotein A-I. The interaction between the apolipoprotein A-I and AIDA-I was confirmed by ELISA and fluorescent microscopy.     The capacity to invade epithelial cell enables pathogens to create an intracellular niche that protects them against attacks from the extracellular environment. The present report has shown that the presence of AIDA-I as the sole virulence factor in a laboratory strain, enable bacteria to invade cultured cells but does not promote intracellular survival. Studies conducted on wild-type strain 2787, which express AIDA-I in association with other virulence factors, has shown a significant difference in invasion and intracellular survival phenotypes compared to the laboratory strain expressing AIDA-I.

Keyphrases: AIDA-I, Escherichia coli, Invasion, Autotransporter, AIDA-I, Escherichia coli, Bacterial adhesin, Adhesion, Invasion, Apolipoprotein A-I, Fluorescent microscopy, Intracellular survival
Classification analytique de systèmes différentiels linéaires déployant une singularité irrégulière de rang de Poincaré 1

This thesis deals with the analytic classification of unfoldings of linear differential systems with an irregular singularity. It contains two papers related to this subject: the first paper presents results concerning the confluence of the hypergeometric equation and may be viewed as a particular case of the second one; the second paper contains the main theorems and results.   In both papers, we study the confluence of two regular singular points into an irregular one and we give consequences of the divergence of solutions at the irregular singular point for the unfolded system. For this study, a full neighborhood of the origin is covered (in a ramified way) in the space of the unfolding parameter $\epsilon$. Monodromy of a well chosen basis of solutions around the regular singular points is directly linked to the unfolded Stokes matrices. These matrices give a complete geometric interpretation to the well-known Stokes matrices: this includes the link (existing at least for the generic cases) between the divergence of the solutions at $\epsilon=0$ and the presence of logarithmic terms in the solutions for resonant values of $\epsilon$. Monodromy of first integrals of related Riccati systems are also interpreted in terms of the elements of the unfolded Stokes matrices.  The second paper goes further into the subject, giving the complete system of analytic invariants for the unfoldings of nonresonant linear differential systems $x^2y'=A(x)y$ with an irregular singularity of Poincaré rank $1$ at the origin over a fixed neighborhood $\mathbb{D}_r$ in the space of the variable $x$. It consists of a formal part, given by polynomials, and an analytic part, given by an equivalence class of unfolded Stokes matrices. For each parameter value $\epsilon$ taken in a sector pointed at the origin of opening larger than $2\pi$, we cover the space of the variable, $\mathbb{D}_r$, with two sectors and, over each of them, we construct a well chosen basis of solutions of the unfolded differential system. This basis is used to define the unfolded Stokes matrices. Finally, we give a realization theorem for the invariants satisfying a necessary and sufficient condition, thus identifying the set of modules.

Keyphrases: Stokes phenomenon, Linear differential systems, Irregular singularity, Unfolding, Monodromy, Analytic classification, Realization, Moduli space, Hypergeometric equation, Riccati matrix differential equation
Étude des propriétés de liquides ioniques protiques en tant qu'électrolytes pour des supercapacités à base de dioxyde de ruthénium

This thesis on the development of room temperature protic ionic liquids as electrolytes in ruthenium-dioxide based faradaic superpacitors consists of three separate studies. The first one establishes which properties of molten salts need to be optimized for this application by using the data obtained from the analysis of a series of protic ionic liquids composed of trifluoroacetic acid and N-heterocyclic bases. The second study elaborates on the effect of colored impurities on the properties of ionic liquids and also reports practical aspects which need to be accounted for during their synthesis. The third study focuses on important structure–property relationships for a series of protic ionic liquids with pyridinium cations and various anions. Altogether, the results presented in here should allow a more efficient design of ionic liquids with desirable properties for application as electrolytes in the future.

Keyphrases: Pseudocapacitance, Protic ionic liquid, Pseudocapacitance, Faradaic supercapacitor, Ruthenium dioxide, Structure–property relationship
Violence, sexualité et double : les représentations féminines dans Perfect Blue et Paprika de Kon Satoshi

The present thesis consists of a thematic analysis of the feminine representations in Satoshi Kon’s work, from Perfect Blue to Paprika. Our objective is to demonstrate that these female depictions reflect the status of women in contemporary japanese society. To this end, we examined the director’s movies according to feminist film theory. Also, we separated our analysis in three themes : violence, sexuality and the double.  It seems that Kon’s feminine representations possess parallels to the present Japanese society. Indeed, the director uses figures and narrative motifs common to Japan and anime in order to produce and reproduce gender stereotypes. In addition, he utilizes filmic elements and the particularities of the anime medium to support these definitions of sexual roles.  This study is original in its feminist and psychoanalytic approach which is rarely employed by anime theorists. Furthermore, the studies regarding this medium are fairly new and usually focus on the anime easthetic and the establishment of a Japanese national identity rather than the construction of gender in a popular culture media.

Keyphrases: Satoshi Kon, Perfect Blue, Paprika, Anime, Japanese animation, Feminist film theory, Women, Japan, Violence, Double, Sexuality
L'altérité selon Lévinas et Ricoeur comme
prémisse éthique au dialogue judéo-chrétien

The Otherness is the focus of my thesis, a notion that emanates from Emmanuel Levinas’ and Paul Ricoeur’s philosophies; I’m interested more precisely about the concept of ethics and to discover how it improves the reflection upon Jewish and Christian dialogue. The initial point of my reflexion is the biblical hermeneutics that Emmanuel Lévinas and Paul Ricoeur structure, to my point of view, variously depending their religious background: Jewish for Lévinas and Christian for Ricoeur. Nevertheless, the ethical signification of the Bible perpetuates for both of them as a commonplace, even if the signification is different and inherent to their own religious traditions. In my thesis, the Otherness, as elaborated by Lévinas, will be compared with Ricoeur’s thoughts, whom conception is more Christian as his biblical works let us guess. Even if Lévinas and Ricoeur have tried to distinguish their philosophical work from their theological one, claiming a neutrality about theology, my initial hypothesis take an hermeneutical freedom which often oscillates between theology and philosophy and which try to recount the alterity and its intrinsic link to ethics. A comparatist reading will lead me to think that the ethics of the Otherness is the basis of Jewish and Christian dialogue because of Levinas’ and Ricoeur’s works. My work in religious studies is based upon hermeneutics and turns toward an ethical and dialogical perspective; it is this interreligious mediation aim which confers to my thesis a belonging in this discipline.

Keyphrases: Otherness, ethics
Fonctionnement de tâches discrètes et intégrées 
pour l'évaluation de la lecture en français langue seconde 
des nouveaux arrivants au Québec

This research has been conducted within the assessment procedure of the language competence of adult immigrants, for placement purposes in French courses. It relates to the dimensionality as well as the objective and subjective difficulty of discrete or integrated reading tasks at different proficiency levels.  Analyses of linguistic proficiency estimates are proposed in relation with candidates’ linguistic groups. In order to conduct this study successfully, a 6-text and 30-item test has been constructed and administered to 118 immigrants.  These immigrants were enrolled in French courses offered by the Ministry of Immigration and Cultural Communities (MICC) in language schools at the Université de Montreal and the Université du Québec à Montréal. After the administration, analyses have been made on the dimensionality and difficulty of the discrete and integrated tasks and on the interactions between the tasks and different groups of candidates.  More detailed analyses have been made on candidates and items at similar levels. Finally, we were able to study the candidates’ perceptions of task difficulty. Although the study is based on a provisional test, the dimensionality of discrete and integrated tasks has been distinguished. Differences in the way the 2 types of task work have been shown. Finally, the candidates’ interpretation of difficulty and therefore, their view of the test, are better understood. In fine, proposals are made in regard with the proper use of discrete and integrated tasks in an adaptive placement test in second language.

Keyphrases: immigration, MICC, Rasch, lecture, measurement, IRT, task, language, assessment, reading, DIF
Évolution du droit et de la fonction de juger dans la tradition juridique occidentale : une étude sociohistorique de l’indépendance judiciaire

This thesis examines the function of the judiciary in the legal system in a historical and sociological perspective. Through the lens of history and sociology, the author reviews and considers the changes in the role of the judge in the development of law. The heuristic benefit of this approach borrowed from history and systemic theory, is invaluable. Firstly, it demonstrates that the place reserved for the judicial creation of law in the legal system is tributary to what is considered as the source and legitimacy of law. Secondly, it sets in an evolutionary perspective the significant changes that occurred in the development of law and the judicial function. The characterization of the judicial function evolves from a political science’s viewpoint to a legal perspective. Through this reappropriation by the legal science, the judicial production of law can now be examined in its systemic function. As well, exploration of the sources of the function of justice renders possible and understanding of the rationale used by judges throughout history to legitimize their position in the legal system.  The thesis supports the proposition that, along with legal conditions relating to the status of judges, a set of sociological conditions must exist in order for judicial independence to be fully protected and the rule of law upheld. These conditions are social differentiation, a structure of conditional programs for law, and limitation in the social system of the responsibility and accountability of judges following the fulfillment of their judicial function.  Finally, in the final stage of her socio-historical research, the author demonstrates how the current judicial interpretation of the conditions for judicial independence enhances the theoretical foundations that situate the judicial function at the centre of the legal system.

Keyphrases: bureaucracy, constitutional law, functional differentiation, independence of the judiciary, judges, legal history, legitimacy of law, separation of powers, sociology of law, system theory
L’identité mandchoue et son rôle dans la construction identitaire chinoise : étude historiographique

The importance of the identity concept is now recognized by the scholarship in History. The feeling of belonging, being at the same time a personal and a collective process, is at the cornerstone of a group identity. In this dissertation, we intend to study the growth of Manchu identity’s awareness, and what part it plaid in the Chinese identity construction process, up to the 1911 Revolution.  An Historiographic analysis will allow us to follow the evolution of western scholarship outlook on the Qing dynasty, and to substitute the thesis of their sinicization by the idea of their acculturation. Our first hypothesis is that a parallel comparison between both identity constructions will lead to the conclusion that they are inseparable from one another.   Secondly, we will suggest that as long as the dynasty could pretend to a universal representation, China benefited from Manchu rule.   Finally, our last assumption will demonstrate that the ethnic component was, and still is, a key factor in the rulership of a multicultural and multiethnic empire.

Keyphrases: Han, Cultural Studies, New Qing History, Nation, Manchu, Han, Ethnic identity, Sinicization, Cultural Studies, New Qing History, Manchu Banners, Racial awareness, Nation, Chinese nationalism