NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Le géomarketing et la localisation : pour la faisabilité commerciale d'un produit forestier canadien à l’échelle des régions métropolitaines canado-américaines

In the current context of globalization of markets, assessment of market factors may represent the failure or success in today's business world. Due to the free movement of goods and services around the world, the effects of competition and market saturation tendencies become increasingly noticeable nowadays. Synthesis of cartography, geography and marketing, an important ally appears in the scenario of market analyses to guide enterprises. The geomarketing brings a set of spatial analysis techniques on marketing data using, among others, a geographic information system (GIS). This new discipline allows segmenting and qualifying the potential of a market and determine the optimal location according to sociodemographic, behavioral or economic characteristics of the market-study. In definition, geomarketing is a marketing approach based on the analysis of consumer behavior taking into account the notions of spaces and the nuances of market that a commercial action or a marketing campaign can generate on a zone geographical. Among the applications of the geomarketing, the identification of competition, potential markets, optimal locations and development of a distribution network of products or services. All these activities are related to competitiveness, which refers to the ability to occupy a strong position in a market. This research will use geomarketing spatial analysis techniques to target potential markets to an innovative insulation product produced from forest residues. The study proposes a method based on geographic and spatial analysis to determine location and distribution in order to maximize efficiency and market penetration by the product.

Keyphrases: Network analysis, Geographic information system, Geomarketing
La valeur propositionnelle des espaces urbains dans l’oeuvre de Georges Perec, Annie Ernaux et Patrick Modiano

This thesis analyzes the urban space representations, as expressed in Un homme qui dort by Georges Perec, Journal du dehors by Annie Ernaux and Dans le café de la jeunesse perdue by Patrick Modiano. It highlights a conflicted and moving parisian imagery during the second half of the XXth century, with one novel from the late sixties, one diary written between the eighties and the nineties and one contemporary novel. This is aiming to show a striking coherence between the studied works. This sociocritical analysis focuses on the otherness suggested by multiple narratives in the city. The changing urban landscapes, which are caused by new types of public transportations or renovated and new neighbourhoods, are related to consumerism. It leads characters and narrators to semantically reinvest in their city. This brings them inevitably to a question: how could the city be radically different? How can they find and suggest its otherness? The thesis deals with the subject’s “shocks” in the city, as expressed by Walter Benjamin, as well as with his ambiguous relationship with the past and collective memory and also with the narrators’ ability to renew their urban experiences.

Keyphrases: Georges Perec, Annie Ernaux, Patrick Modiano, French Literature, Sociocriticism, City, Space, Georges Perec, Annie Ernaux, Patrick Modiano
Experimental and theoretical studies on the conformational properties of cis- and trans-4,5-methano-L-prolines

It is well known that 4,5-methano-L-prolines have different conformational properties and characteristics than proline. The flattening of the pyrrolidine ring plays a role in the stability and conformation of L-proline methanologs. Thus, extensive studies have been conducted to analyze the structural differences and folding patterns of cis- and trans-4,5-methano-L-prolines and their oligomers in correlation with the n→π∗ electron delocalization between the adjacent carbonyls of amide and ester groups. In this thesis, the n→π∗ stabilization of each derivative is analyzed, disclosing additional structural properties of 4,5-methano-L-prolines. NMR spectroscopic studies revealed the spatial characteristics of cis- and trans-4,5-methano-L-prolines in correlation to the amide trans : cis isomerization equilibrium in different solvents. In addition, the tendency of diketopiperazine formation from the cis-cis, trans-trans, and mixed trans,cis-4,5-methano-L-proline dimers reflected the importance of the n→π∗ stabilization on the conformation and folding characteristics.

Keyphrases: polyproline, trans : cis isomerization, diketopiperazine, Methanoproline
Les céramiques de la glacière Gervaise : le consumérisme chez la classe aisée montréalaise au milieu du XVIIIe siècle

This thesis in Canadian colonial archaeology analyses the ceramics found in the ice cellar of the Gervaise site (BjFj-119) in Old Montreal. The deposit within the cellar, which is divided into three levels, was put in place between 1750 and 1770, thus overlapping the British Conquest of New France in 1760. The property, bought by the master baker Charles Gervaise in 1693 and occupied by him and his family until 1753, was subsequently inhabited by different families of the middling sort. The ceramics assemblage opens a window on the rapidly evolving socioeconomic and political landscape of the time and on the consumption practices of these individuals during this eventful period in Montreal history and more generally in the context of the extension of capitalism in Occident. The study is informed by the methods of description and contextualisation suggested by the archaeology of consumerism, which explores the various relationships between material culture and individuals. The collection from the Gervaise ice cellar offers an original view of well-to-do households at the end of French Regime and the beginning of the British Regime, and challenges the role of some ceramic markers such as local earthenware, creamware, white faience and white stoneware.

Keyphrases: XVIIIe siècle, Colonial Archaeology, Material Culture, Ceramics, 18th century, New France, British Conquest, Archaeology of consumerism, Anthropology
Mihri Rasim (1885-1954) : l’ambition d’une jeune-turque peintre

Mihri Rasim  (1885-1954) is Turkey’s most important painter and feminist pioneer. The widely shared assumption about her is that she was a marginal, unclassifiable artist, who died in misery and resentful for having dedicated her life to art. Without any real information, authors and art historians obscured their ignorance by elaborating her life story out of her fascinating personality. My dissertation, which is also the first exhaustive art historical study on the artist, is dismantling this myth. Rasim was an ambitious artist and an upstart, Young Turk, who had a strategy to achieve her ambition. From the beginning of her career and for the rest of her life she pursued two goals: she expanded women’s horizon of possibilities and she aspired to be considered, in her own words, “among the talented people”.  In Istanbul at a time when Turkish women could barely leave their harem, she set up the first fine arts school for women. While she was the head of women’s Academy, she introduced the first female nude classes in the history of Turkish arts. She allowed women to receive an art education comparable to European artistic standards and provided them access to a new profession. She created a scholarship for her students at the academy and tried to constitute an association of mutual help for female painters. She also made the portraits of Young-Turk leaders and of their entourage. She used her political connections in Istanbul, and, as she moved from Turkey to Europe to the United-States, she developed her artistic project with new interlocutors and in different contexts but always with the same purposes. She built a network to support her career. In order to achieve this she portrayed great modernist men of the first half of the twentieth century, even controversial ones – Alphonse XIII, Benito Mussolini, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Thomas Edison.  With a feminist approach my dissertation establishes the importance of this cosmopolitan artist of the twentieth century. I am uncovering the details of her life and art, which were disregarded until today. Using original and unpublished archival materials, her elementary biographical facts are clarified. Dates for her works are submitted and identifications of her sitters are made. I propose an innovative approach to examine the painter and her artistic production not only in relation to Turkish plastic arts but also in relation to a more global artistic context. I assess the impact of her actions in her time and ours. My dissertation stands as a testament to the importance of major cultural and political women, and the limits that were and are once again placed upon them.

Keyphrases: Mihri Rasim, portrait, Mihri Rasim, female-painter, portrait, feminism, cosmopolitism, nationalism, Young-Turks, reformism
Synthèse de monohalocyclopropanes et étude de carbénoïdes de zinc

This thesis is focused on the development of enantioselective halocyclopropanation methodologies and the study of both the formation and behaviors of zinc carbenoids. Initially, we developed an enantioselective bromocyclopropanation reaction of allylic alcohols by modifying previous conditions described by our group for the synthesis of iodo- and chlorocyclopropanes. To further improve this reaction with particular regard to mitigating wate production, we performed several NMR experiments that elucidated both the active zinc carbenoid structure and the mechanism of its formation. Based on these findings, we developed modified conditions, providing improved yields without the need for excess reagents. Cognizant of a similar mechanistic pathway for previously developed halocyclopropanations, we applied these mechanistic findings towards improving both the iodocyclopropanation and chlorocyclopropanation reactions. Much to our delight, we successfully improved the efficiency of the iodocyclopropantion and characterized the active zinc carbenoid species.  In contrast, the chlorocyclopropanation presented more challenges due to the complex mixture of various organometallic species obtained from the mixing of carbenoid reagents. These results suggested scrambling mechanisms were occuring, which were not really understood until now. In order to avoid those mechanisms, an organic zinc salt was used, providing access to an improved, more efficient chlorocyclopropanation reaction. Finally, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the observed scrambling mechanisms using a wide panel of carbenoids to both understand the causes of such scramblings and to potentially predict when they will occur.

Keyphrases: Simmons-Smith, Zinc, Mechanism, Cyclopropanes, Carbenoids, Halogens
Repenser le droit de marque : essai sur une approche fonctionnelle des marques dans l’économie globale et numérique

Rethinking Trademark Rights: An Essay on a Functional Approach to Marks in a Global and Digital Economy – Trademarks, one of the oldest social institutions, rose to a unique standing in the 20th century to become the symbol of modern globalization as well as a means of expression and activism. Since the 1920s, the evolution of the function of marks and trademark rights is discussed. Rights holders sought to extend their protection beyond the initial boundaries to include the marketing concept of brand through erroneous language and rhetoric of property, ownership and theft. Such propositions have disrupted the fragile and dynamic equilibrium between commercial interests and civil liberties. Looking at History, Semiotics and Marketing, I argue that brands gained prominence, but took off from trademarks. The rationale for the latter and for trademark rights is still fundamentally rooted in the referential function to a source. The protection and the legal construction of trademark rights should only revolve around such a function. I therefore propose to recast trademarks’ legal framework upon this function of origin. Redelineating the concept of “mark” through a functional approach will align the law with the diversity and versatility of trademarks in modern societies: whatever serves a referential purpose should amount to a mark. This will notably offer a coherent scheme to include holograms or domain names, among future and unknown new means of reference. This functional approach will also refocus mark rights on the standard of public confusion. I argue that the law should deviate from the standard of use, and understand marks out of the trade sphere. This rationale would offer a stringent but flexible framework that addresses issues of freedom of expression as well as those arising out of the digital world, e.g. advertisement and hashtags.

Keyphrases: Trademark Right, Functional Approach, Canadian Law, European Union Law, Property Law
Étude sur les repères de stagiaires finissants en formation initiale à l'enseignement au secondaire permettant de soutenir le développement de leur compétence éthique

To follow in the footsteps of the movement of professionalisation, the professional ethical teacher is characterized by a professional competence, more precisely by the ethical competence, which is presented in the reference system of professional competence (MEQ, 2001a). Even if the ethical competence comprises an ambiguous character, as it is stated in the ministerial reference, it is marked by a successful obligation, more particularly by the graduating student teachers.  In view of the ambiguity surrounding the meaning of the ethical competence, we have conducted a census of records on this competence in order to verify what it means to be competent on the ethical plan. We have therefore established that the ethical competence has a close link with reflection. From now on, by means of a review on the concept of reasoning, we have put forth the hypothesis that the professional reasoning established by the discourse and by the indicators can support the development of the ethical competence. Therefore, three intentions were specified : to showcase the personal reference points (personal values) and institutional (to target legal and regulatory , norms and theoretical knowledge) which includes the professional reasoning of student teachers the matter of ethical behavior and that would result in the contribution of pratical training in relation to the transmission of these indicators as well as the initial training to the transmission of these indicators. To achieve this, we have carried out two phases of data in which two quality tools were favored in order to collect data of qualitative nature. During the first phase, we conducted partly directed interviews with the student teachers, their cooperating teachers and their supervisor of their respective practice teaching session. Our findings suggest that student teachers make use of their references to support their reasoning in the matter of ethical behavior as well as their personal values and certain professional values since the words to evoke these are not explicit. However the institutionnel references which constitutes the legal and reglementary framework, the norms and theoretical knowledge are slightly present in their discourse. However the feedback of the cooperating teachers and stage supervisors concerning these indicators is confirmed modestly even though it passes principally by feedback. The results concerning the contribution of teaching activities in the initial training suggests that ethical behavior is particularly as a caution. Our results show that professional reasoning, with the aid of discourse and reference points can act as a lever of ethical competence on condition that progressively, the future teachers have been formed in this manner.

Keyphrases: Student teachers, Teacher training, Professional reasoning, Feedback by cooperating teachers, Feedback from stage supervisors, Ethical competence
Le visuel et le sonore en matière de composition musicale : un rapport homologue

Is it possible to treat visual material, in particular theatre, physical gestures, video and dance, as an equal element to sound in musical composition? What strategies are available to us to incorporate, in a relevant way, image and sound? What does the interaction between sound and visual material in the creation and the performance of a musical piece imply? Guided by these questions, I composed seven pieces as part of my Masters, between September 2014 and August 2016. This paper describes the main stages of these pieces and their composition process, which aimed to find solutions and strategies for a homologous relationship between the visual and the sound in the process of musical creation. The first chapter draws a portrait of artists and composers who worked on the relationship between sound and visual. Some strategies of these composers were used during the process of creating a musical composition capable of integrating the visual as an essential element. The second chapter presents the pieces which I have investigated the link between music and video, gesture and dance. The third chapter addresses a series of four pieces composed for the purpose of expressing, through the relation between music and staging, issues related to our daily life. Finally, the last chapter presents conclusions that emerged as a result of my writing process and, in some cases as a result of the performance of the parts.

Keyphrases: Collaboration, Interaction visual and sound, Interdisciplinary pieces
Le roman d’apprentissage à l’ère de la modernité : Foucault, Pirandello, Aragon et le spectacle du siècle

At the crossroads of philosophical, historical and fictional discourses on modernity, this article aims to survey the literary question of contemporaneity’s glare, as posed by the archaeological project of Michel Foucault and recently taken over by Giorgio Agamben. After a demonstration that will directly raise the various issues of this matter, their novelistic remediations will be considered through a comparative analysis of the contemporary’s coming-­of-­age stories that are “On tourne” (“Shoot!”; 1915) by Luigi Pirandello and “Anicet ou le Panorama”, roman (1921) by Louis Aragon. We will see how the formal reflection on literature as a question asked to modernity is inseparable from a theoretical and historical reflection on its conditions and effects.

Keyphrases: Aragon, Louis, Bildungsroman
L’ergothérapeute : un professionnel de la santé? Vraiment? Dans quelle mesure?

As with many rehabilitation professionals, the occupational therapist is immediately considered as a health professional. However, this association between occupational therapy and health may be nuanced or even contested.

Keyphrases: occupation, justice, occupational therapy, value, professional, health
Validation de la version française canadienne du Perception of Prevalence of Aggression Scale auprès d’un échantillon d’intervenants en protection de la jeunesse

Objective. The objective of this study is to evaluate the construct validity of the French Canadian version of the Perception Of Prevalence of Aggression Scale (POPAS), a self-report questionnaire measuring exposure to workplace violence committed by clients in the health and social services sector. Method. A sample of 310 youth protection workers is utilized to confirm the four-factor internal structure of the instrument. If this structure is not confirmed, an exploratory structural equation model is used. The selected factors undergo Cronbach alpha tests that assess their internal consistency. They are correlated with the French version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale (PCLS) and the number of absentee days caused by violence in order to measure convergent validity. There are also correlated with the Felt Accountability (FA) scale to assess divergent validity. Comparison analyses according to work environments assess criterion validity. Results. The confirmatory factor analysis does not corroborate the four-factor structure of the POPAS. The exploratory structural equation model validates a three-factor structure: ‘‘verbal violence’’, ‘‘physical violence’’ and ‘‘violence against oneself’’. The first two possess good internal consistency. The positive correlations between these two factors and the PCLS, as well as between these two factors and the number of absentee days, support the convergent validity of POPAS. However, the absence of a significant correlation between the last factor and the PCLS, as well as between this factor and the number of absentee days, does not support convergence. The lack of correlation between the factors and the FA supports the divergent validity of the POPAS. The differences observed as they relate to work environments also attest to criterion validity. Discussion. The construct validity of the French Canadian version of the POPAS suggests that this instrument allows for an evaluation of the subjective frequency of different forms of workplace violence experienced by youth protection workers. It therefore represents an alternative to the use of official data (i.e. incident reports made to the employer), which poorly reflect the reality of these workers given the underreporting of violent incidents in this sector

Keyphrases: POPAS, Type II workplace violence, Construct validity, Psychometric properties, Youth protection workers
Relation entre la phosphorylation de Tau et la fragmentation de l'appareil de Golgi

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by two neuropathological lesions, senile plaques composed of Abeta peptide and neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated and aggregated Tau protein. Interestingly, in AD, a fragmentation of Golgi apparatus is noted at early stages of the disease. It was recently shown that the extracellular pool of Abeta peptide can induce a fragmentation of the Golgi. However, several studies indicated that hyperphosphorylated Tau could also contribute to this fragmentation. We therefore examined whether hyperphosphorylated Tau could induce a fragmentation of the Golgi by overexpressing it in HeLa cells. Our results revealed that a Tau mutant mimicking hyperphophosphorylation induced an earlier fragmentation of the Golgi than a non-phosphorylable Tau mutant. We previously demonstrated that Tau can be secreted in the extracellular space, the mutant mimicking hyperphosphorylation being the most secreted. We then examined whether extracellular Tau was able to induce a fragmentation of the Golgi as noted for extracellular Abeta. Interestingly, the mutant mimicking Tau hyperphosphorylation was the sole form of Tau that could induce a Golgi fragmentation when it was present in the medium. We then determine whether the induction of the fragmentation by extracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau was linked to its phosphorylation state and/or to its high amount in the medium. Our results indicate that the Golgi fragmentation induced by hyperphosphorylated Tau was caused by its high levels in the medium. We also investigated which domain of Tau was involved in the induction of the Golgi fragmentation. Our results revealed that the sequence of Tau responsible the Golgi fragmentation is located in its C-terminal where the repeated sequences (MTBD) involved in its association with microtubules are found. However, no alteration of the microtubules was noted in the HeLa overexpressing Tau indicating that the microtubules would not be involved in Tau-induced Golgi fragmentation. This supports the fact that extracellular not intracellular Tau is responsible for the fragmentation of the Golgi. Finally, by examining the trafficking of the VSVG protein, we showed that the Golgi remained functional upon the overexpression of Tau in HeLa cells. In conclusions, our results demonstrated that extracellular tau is the main pool of Tau responsible for its induction of the Golgi fragmentation. The link between extracellular Tau and the fragmentation of the Golgi remains to be elucidated. Knowing that the Golgi fragmentation could become detrimental to neurons, extracellular Tau could be a therapeutic target for AD.

Keyphrases: Alzheimer, Tauopathie, Golgi, fragmentation, hyperphosphorylation, Tauopathy, Extracellular Tau