NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La fécondité des immigrantes établies au Canada entre 2000 et 2014 : une analyse longitudinale par catégorie d’admission

The Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD) allows us to analyze the link between the immigration category and the fertility trajectory after admission. This analysis focuses exclusively on the fertility of immigrant women admitted as permanent residents between the ages of 15 and 44 in Canada. Cox’s non-parametric models enable us to observe how women’s pre-migration characteristics and the socioeconomic integration affect the relative risks related to having a first and a second child after the attainment of permanent resident status in Canada. We use Kaplan-Meier curves and mean calculations to show the pace of post-migratory fertility. In general, we assessed the link between the fertility of immigrant women and the shift to economic immigration in Canada with the adoption of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. The results show that the admission category is a very good predictor of fertility. Immigrant women in the economic class are less likely to give birth in Canada than family immigrants or refugees (those who are not admitted through an economic integration potential assessment). Other individual characteristics, such as age, cohort of admission and region of origin, also affect the probability of an immigrant giving birth in Canada.

Keyphrases: Canada, Immigration policy, Admission category, Fertility, Longitudinal analysis, Administrative data
La mortalité différentielle aux âges adultes et avancés selon le groupe linguistique au Québec : une étude de suivi sur la période 1991-2011

Quebec’s unique linguistic situation in North America leads us to question the effect of belonging to a linguistic group on observed inequalities in mortality. The new 1991 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohorts (CanCHEC) database, which is derived from the pairing of the 1991 census, vital statistics and administrative files from 1991 to 2011, provides an unparalleled opportunity to study mortality differentials by language in Quebec with more accuracy. The main objective of this work is to compare the distributions of deaths by age and language most often spoken at home (i.e. French, English or another language). We begin by smoothing the age-specific mortality rate curves by sex, language and region using the P-splines approach. From the smoothed density functions, we derive four indicators of adult mortality and old-age mortality which are the life expectancy at age 25, at age 65, and the modal age (i.e. most common age) at death as well as the dispersion measure associated to the mode. Our results show that in Quebec, there are indeed significant differences between linguistic groups in adult mortality, except for Francophone and Anglophone women. However, mortality gaps for the life expectancy at age 25 are less important than stated in the literature. Although these observed differences in adult mortality persist among those 65 years of age and older, they do not carry on among those who reach the modal age at death, with the exception of Allophone men who retain their mortality advantage in very old age. In addition, the dispersion of deaths beyond the modal age is not significantly different between linguistic groups. We also find different levels of mortality between the Island of Montreal and the rest of Quebec, for Francophones and Allophones. These results shed new light on the subject given the greater reliability of the linguistic variable from the 1991 Census in CanCHEC, and the improvements made in terms of data processing and analysis, which include the consideration of emigration and the indigenous population, and region-based analyses.

Keyphrases: Linguistic demography, Mortality differentials, Modal age at death, Lifespan disparity, Life expectancies, P-splines smoothing, Quebec, Island of Montreal, Rest of Quebec, Regions
Profils d’adolescentes : liens entre les traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle, l’historique de victimisation et la santé mentale

Callous-unemotional traits, such as a lack of consideration and empathy for others, are important to consider in identifying subgroups of youth at risk of serious and persistent antisocial behavior (Frick & Dickens, 2006; Frick & White, 2008). Two variants (primary and secondary) of youth who manifest callous-unemotional traits have been identified. Specifically, adolescents with secondary callous-unemotional traits have been found to differ from those associated with the primary variant by their higher levels of anxiety and depression (Fanti et al., 2013; Kahn et al., 2013) as well as their history of adversity (Meehan et al., 2017) and self-destructive behaviors, such as substances use (Cecil et al., 2018). Studies that focused on the differences between the profiles of youth were mainly based on male samples who are notably more likely than females to display conduct problems combined with callous-unemotional traits (Fontaine et al., 2011). Based on a sample of adolescent females, the first aim of this study was to identify youth profiles based on callous-unemotional traits (CU), conduct problems (CP) and internalized symptoms (i.e. anxiety and depression). The second aim was to identify the differences in youth profiles in terms of their self-destructive behaviors, such as alcohol and drug use (Baumeister & Scher, 1988) and eating disorders (Van der Kolk & Herman, 1991), as well as their history of family and social victimization, such as abuse, neglect and bullying by peers. A sample of 200 adolescent girls was recruited from high schools located in Montreal and from the Institute for Youth in difficulty (n = 200; M = 15.10 years old; S-D = 1.62). Latent profile analyses performed using Mplus 8 software provided an optimal four-class solution: normative, anxious, conduct problems (CP), conduct problems–callous unemotional traits (CP–CUT). In addition to reporting more anxiety and depression than the normative group, girls with the highest rates of iv callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems (CP-CUT) also reported the highest levels of exposure to family and social victimization and self-destructive behaviors, such as substances abuse. This profile shows several features associated with the secondary variant of callous-unemotional traits. Thus, the results of this study confirm the importance of considering the heterogeneity of behaviors as well as the history of victimization among groups of high-risk girls. In particular, the identification of these adolescent profiles is important to prevent other adjustment difficulties and to tailor interventions to the individual characteristics and experiences of victimization.

Keyphrases: Callous-unemotional traits, Conduct problems, Anxiety, Depression, Victimization, Alcohol and drug use, Eating disorders
The mobility of elderly women of Puebla, Mexico : effects of walkability on daily trips in three neighbourhoods

As life expectancy increases in developing countries, many elderly people are faced with challenges concerning their mobility. In Mexico, where women see their mobility affected by gender violence in public spaces, elderly women find themselves vulnerable on two fronts: because of their age and their gender. In the city of Puebla, women make up a larger proportion of the elderly, but very little research has been done on their mobility habits. This Master’s thesis presents a case study on the daily mobility of elderly women living in three different neighbourhoods in Puebla. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with elderly women, as well as an environmental audit evaluating the walkability in these neighbourhoods. The interviews revealed that walking was not a preferred mode of travel, especially not in their own neighbourhoods. Their perception of the environment and their ability to appropriate it affected their capacity and willingness to leave their home. This combined with the walkability evaluation of the audit reveals the importance of having an environment that is perceived as welcoming, attractive and safe.

Keyphrases: Genre, Daily mobility, Aging, Elderly, Gender, Women, Walkability, Mexico
L’intervention auprès des personnes contrevenantes présentant des difficultés sur le plan de l’attachement

Attachment style can influence behaviour as well as the perceptions that people have about themselves and others. In adulthood, there are four main attachment styles: secure, detached, preoccupied and fearful. Several difficulties may arise from a non-secure attachment. A significant proportion of offenders, particularly sex offenders and domestic violence offenders, are reported to have attachment difficulties. Thus, it appears important that clinicians take into consideration these difficulties when working with these individuals. The main objective of this report is to provide a critical analysis of the scientific documentation on the assessment tools designed to evaluate the attachment style presented by adult offenders and on the intervention strategies that should be fostered in a clinical context with adult offenders who have attachment difficulties. This project was carried out as part of an internship completed at the Department of Correctional Professionals Services (DCPS Montreal Southwest). Electronic and printed resources were consulted to obtain an overview of what has been published so far on the subject. In light of the scientific literature, interventions providing a secured environment from which the person could explore past and present feelings, thoughts and attachment experiences and find new ways to deal with negative emotions should be promoted. However, there are few resources on the empirical validation of interventions targeting adult offenders with attachment difficulties. The development of empirically validated intervention strategies targeting adult offenders with attachment difficulties appears essential for an optimal integration of attachment theory into the criminological practice.

Keyphrases: Intervention, Attachment, Adults, Offenders, Assessment, Intervention
Manipulation perçue des marques et résistance, une proposition de profils de consommation

This article aims to identify the different consumer profiles that resist to the perceived manipulation of brands. If there is no consensus on a definition of manipulation, it is established that its perception may give rise to resistance on the part of the consumer. The qualitative study conducted with 14 consumers highlights two strategies, combative or resigned, and brings out four profiles of resistant consumers: the experienced, the reserved, the optimizer and the indifferent.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Ethics, Economics, Manipulation, Consumer, Brands, Qualitative study, Manipulation, Étude qualitative
L’émergence est-elle compatible avec le développement durable? : le cas du Plan Sénégal Emergent

This article seeks to examine the role of sustainable development in the Plan Sénégal Emergent (Emerging Senegalese Programme). We conducted simultaneously a survey of institutional documents dedicated to PSE and a qualitative study with socioeconomic actors. The results show that PSE is based on an orthodox conception of sustainable development and focused on a weak sustainability approach. Regarding the qualitative study, interviewees are sceptical about PSE and have priority expectations in terms of social services, employment and healthy environment. Grey areas and ambiguities of PSE are finally discussed.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Ethics, Economics, Sustainable development, Emergence, Senegal, Sénégal
Thérapie génique ciblant CD33 dans les cellules souches hématopoïétiques, une approche innovatrice pour le traitement de la leucémie myéloïde aiguë

With very few new treatments introduced in the past decades, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a cancer with poor prognosis. Recently, a revolutionary immunotherapy for B-cell malignancies has been approved, named CAR-T cells. It is based on adoptive T-cell therapy but the cells are genetically engineered to express a “chimeric antigen receptor” (CAR), a surface protein used to redirect T cell’s natural cytotoxic activity against tumors. CD33 is one of the few clinically validated targets for AML immunotherapy. However, myelotoxicity is a major concern because this antigen is also present on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Interestingly, CD33 was dispensable in humans and in several animal models without any apparent consequences. We hypothesized that a HSC graft, engineered with a knock-out/knock-in of CD33/CAR-CD33, would be a safe and effective therapy for AML patients. This strategy would benefit from the clinical potential of CD33 without the associated myelotoxicity. Because of the continuous renewal of effector cells, CAR-HSC would have several advantages over the CAR-T cells such as long-term in vivo persistence and reduced cellular exhaustion. Cytokine release syndrome could also be diminished in CAR-HSC settings by the slow generation of CAR-T. In this study, we showed that the anti-CD33 CAR is effective and specific against AML cell lines even when its expression is mediated by a T-specific promotor. This promotor allows restriction of transgene expression to the T lineage progeny. We have designed efficient gRNA to target CD33 gene. The strategy will now be tested in HSC and in mice models.

Keyphrases: CRISPR/Cas9, CD33, CAR, acute myeloid leukemia, gene editing, hematopoietic stem cells, cancer immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor, T cells, specific promotor
Établissement et persistance du réservoir du VIH chez des individus traités très tôt en phase aigüe de l’infection (cohorte RV254)

Antiretroviral therapies (ART) have largely increased the life expectancy of the HIV infected individuals who have access to it. Nonetheless, these therapies can’t eradicate the virus that persist in a latent state in long-lived CD4+ T cells. These infected cells form a viral reservoir that remains the main obstacle to a cure.  Several studies have shown that initiation of ART during the acute infection can lead to a delay in the viral rebound or in some cases to viremia control after a treatment interruption. However, the timing and location of the establishment and persistence of the viral reservoir during acute infection remain unclear. Using, blood and lymphoid tissues samples from acutely infected participants, we observed that the virus is firstly integrated in lymph nodes and colon cells and reaches a maximum frequency of infected cells at the Fiebig stage II, i.e. before seroconversion in the tissues. Moreover, we saw that a very early initiation of ART results in a drastic decrease of the number of infected cells in all compartments. Nonetheless a few infected cells persist under ART in the lymph nodes.   Our results suggest that a large number of cells are infected early in tissues before moving into the blood during the acute infection. Nonetheless, these infected cells form a labile HIV reservoir which is rapidly, but incompletely, eliminated by an early initiation of ART.

Keyphrases: Cellules T CD4+ mémoires, HIV reservoir, Acute infection, Early treatment, Lymphoid tissues, Memory CD4+ T cells
Développement d'un outil d'évaluation des techniques chirurgicales en plastie

Introduction During surgical residencies, technical skills continue to be assessed using subjective evaluation methods. We aim to develop an objective, valid and reliable evaluation tool to assess plastic surgery residents’ microsurgical skills in performing a digital nerve repair. Materials and methods Plastic surgery residents of different levels of training and staff surgeons performed a digital nerve repair on a human cadaveric hand model. These performances were recorded and assessed by blinded raters using a newly developed evaluation tool. This consisted of 12 steps, each rated using a 5-point Likert scale. The tool’s reliability was determined by comparing each candidate’s evaluation by the two separate raters and its validity determined by comparing performances of candidates of different levels of expertise. Results Ten candidates took part in this study. The inter-rater reliability was considered acceptable, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.690. The test’s internal consistency was excellent with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.960. The test’s validity was demonstrated by the fact that higher levels of expertise were associated with higher performance scores (p=0.017). Conclusion We developed a new evaluation tool for a microsurgical procedure, that performed well in terms of reliability and validity. This makes it a pedagogically useful tool that can be incorporated in plastic surgery residents’ training to improve surgical skills teaching and assessment.

Keyphrases: Evaluation tool, Pedagogy, Surgical teaching, Surgical skills
Évaluation de la fidélité intra- et interobservateur pour l’évaluation du vasospasme post-hémorragie sous-arachnoïdienne en angiotomodensitométrie

Objective: To review the literature on and assess the intra- and inter-observer reliability of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the screening or diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm (CV) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: Articles reporting the reliability of CTA up to May 2018 were systematically searched and evaluated. Eleven raters independently graded 17 arterial segments in each of 50 SAH patients for the presence of vasospasm using a 4-category scale. Furthermore, readers were asked: to judge the presence or absence of any moderate/severe vasospasm (≥ 50 % narrowing); whether findings would justify augmentation of medical treatment; and/or DSA with/without angioplasty. Four raters reassessed the same patients in different order at least 4 weeks later. Results: The systematic review revealed that the reliability of CTA had not previously been rigorously assessed. The intra-rater reliability reached a substantial level (k > 0.600) in 3/4 readers for the detection of moderate-severe vasospasm, but inter-rater reliability remained below substantial even when results were stratified according to specialty and experience. There was less than substantial agreement for imaging-based recommendations (medical management or indications to proceed with DSA/angioplasty). Dichotomized per segment results (presence or absence of >50% narrowing) allowed reaching substantial agreement only among senior readers evaluating M1 segments. Excluding cases in which segments were obscured by metal artifacts did not allow additional arterial segments to reach the threshold for substantial agreement. Conclusion: CTA was not sufficiently repeatable among observers diagnosing CV to support a general use in guiding decisions in the clinical management of SAH patients.

Keyphrases: Cerebrovascular Disorders, Cerebral Vasospasm, Stroke, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Computed Tomography Angiography, Digital Subtraction Angiography
L'immuno-modulation et l'immuno-suppression chez les grands brûlés

Burns induce an intense inflammatory activation leading to the exhaustion of patients' immune system. In turn, this phenomenon generates an immunosuppressive anti-inflammatory phase that opens the floodgates to nosocomial infections. Our laboratory has already analyzed samples of 25 patients with severe burns and has observed an alteration of monocytes, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and functions of B cells. We hypothesize that burns lead to the hyperactivation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) which subsequently generates an immunosuppressive state. We also propose that the inflammatory state of patients is influenced by the microbiome. Our objectives are to evaluate the immunological activation of peripheral leukocytes, APCs in particular; optimize the analysis techniques of blood microbiome and study peripheral bacterial populations in burned patients.  Our in vitro experiments reveal that, in the presence of burned patient serum, monocytes adopt a regulatory profile of inflammation; whereas B cells proliferate less and produce less IgA, IgG and IgM. Monocytes stimulate the proliferation of B cells through cellular interactions but also inhibit antibody secretion. Soluble BAFF concentration in burned patients increases 5 days post-burn and this could establish a link between monocytes and B cell deregulation. Extraction and detection techniques of bacterial DNA from blood and skin have been optimized. The amount of circulating total DNA is modulated post-burn but the amount of bacterial equivalents in the blood of burned patients is unchanged.  It is crucial to obtain a better knowledge on the activation status of the immune cells and their interactions with the microbiome. This will allow the development of novel immune therapy to correct the immune exhaustion present in burn patients.

Keyphrases: Inflammation, Immunosuppression, Infection, Monocyte, Macrophage, Lymphocyte B, Microbiome, Burn, Inflammation, Immunosuppression, Infection, Monocyte, Macrophage, B lymphocyte, Microbiome, Bacteria, DNA
Les pratiques exemplaires en gestion de données de recherche en vue d’établissement de services de gestion de données de recherche en milieu collégial

This report makes recommendations for establishing research data management services in college institutions in Quebec, particularly for libraries of the college network. Like Canadian universities, college institutions in Quebec will need to comply with future research data management (RDM) requirements from Canadian research funding agencies. Furthermore, having good RDM practices provide benefits and reduce different kinds of risks for researchers and institutions. This study calls to explore and take actions about research data management with concerted actions by colleges and college technology transfer centres (CCTT). For example, consultative RDM services could be offered locally in college libraries with support of a college network RDM service according to the principle of subsidiarity. Also, colleges and CCTTs could be studying the possibility to join or implement shared RDM infrastructures (Canadian data repositories or common college institutional data repository). This work emphases the importance to understand and respect particularities (scholarly production, resources and needs) of college network actors in implementing RDM services. To formulate recommendations in this report, a literature review of best practices in RDM, principally in higher education institutions (colleges and universities) around the world has been done. Modes of scholarly productions in colleges in Quebec are substantially different from those of universities in terms of goals, infrastructures and dissemination. Hence, a literature review of modes of scholarly productions in the college educational system is realized. Using Web of Science, a bibliometric analysis of CEGEP and CCTT publications covering the period from 2008 to 2017 is also achieved. This analysis only includes public colleges and CCTTs officially recognized by ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur in 2018.

Keyphrases: Research data management, Research activities in colleges, College libraries, Scientific output, CEGEPs, College technology transfer centres