NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Une méthode dangereuse : comprendre le processus créateur en musique de film, le cas de Norman McLaren et Maurice Blackburn, David Cronenberg et Howard Shore

Norman McLaren’s (1914-1987) animation work evokes a primarily dream-like world. David Cronenberg (1943-), also sometimes known as the “Baron of Blood,” makes fiction films that belong to a singular genre he developed: the “inner horror.” So what can these two filmmakers possibly have in common? They both built a long-term relationship with composers: Maurice Blackburn (1914-1988) for the former and Howard Shore (1946-) for the latter. Though the distinct approaches of these two directors have been widely studied, the weight of the contributions of their respective composers remains largely unmeasured. And this, despite the fact that music seems to play a primary role in these two directors’ process since, in each instance, the composer is involved very early on. This unusually early involvement of the composer, and the ongoing collaboration it entails, are indicative of the central place and role held by Blackburn and Shore’s music in McLaren’s work on the one hand, and Cronenberg’s on the other. This considered, their scores must no longer be seen as direct sound illustration of the films, but rather as essential components of the films, even though such a stance forces us to rethink how we define the role of music in film. Furthermore, from film to film, music and cinema become so intertwined that a singular style of musicalization of the image develops, begging the question: what are the characteristics of this style? From one collaboration to the other, this thesis seeks to establish a poietic of film-music creation; it looks to describe the cinematic and musical creative processes that determine the composition of film music and, beyond that, the musicality of the entire audio-visual complex. Through portraits that investigate the practice and discourse of creators and through the analysis of four soundtracks (A Phantasy by Norman McLaren, Day After Day by Clément Perron, Crash and A Dangerous Method by David Cronenberg), the thoughts and practices of the two composers, who develop similar innovative strategies to solve the problems posed by the works of McLaren (the inseparability of music and image) and Cronenberg (the “transformation of human aesthetics”), are gradually connected. From one duo to another, cinema becomes a musical and cinematic laboratory where each develops a “dangerous method” which forces the analyst to explore new methodological avenues.

Keyphrases: Musical analysis, Maurice Blackburn (1914-1988), David Cronenberg (1943-), Concrete music, Film music, Howard Shore (1946-)
Design de nouvelles fonctionnelles en théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité et conception de polymères pour application à la photovoltaïque organique

This thesis is about calculations using density functional theory (DFT) in order to simulate systems in which long range peoperties are important. Particular emphasis is put on excitation energies, especially in the context of applications in photovoltaics. These effects are adressed in two different ways. In the first place, well-established DFT tools are used to simulate systems of experimental interest. Secondly, DFT’s underlying theory will be explored, its limits will be identified and new theoretical developments will be suggested in reponse to them. For the first part of this thesis, numerical calculations using DFT and time- dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) as implemented in the Gaussian software system [1] are done with known functionals on molecules and polymers of experimental interest. In particular, the project presented in chapter 2 explores the use of lateral chains in order to optimize electronic properties of polymers which are already widely used in organic photovoltaics. The results obtained show that a judicious choice of lateral chains can allow good control of the electronic properties of these polymers and can make photovoltaic cells using these polymers more efficient. The project presented in chapter 3 uses TDDFT in order to explore the optical properties of two polymers, poly-3-hexyl-thiophene (P3HT) and poly- 3-hexyl-selenophene (P3HS) as well as a blend of these two polymers, in order to support experimental observations indicating an exciplex formation in the blend. The numerical calculations in the first part of this thesis allow us to make a few very interesting conclusions, however they also emphasize certain limitations of DFT and TDDFT when treating excited states, due to the approximate treatment of long-range Coulombic interactions. So, the second part of this thesis comes back to the theoretical foundations of DFT. To be more precise, in chapter 4, a series of functionals better modelizing long-range Coulombic interactions based on a non-local approach is elaborated. The functionals expand upon the weighted density approximation (WDA) and impose several exact conditions which should be satisfied by the exchange hole. These functionals are implemented in the Gaussian [1] software system and their performances are evaluated with tests on a series of atoms and molecules. The results obtained show that many of these functionals improve upon the WDA and they also provide some insight on the relative importance of satisfying each of the exact conditions.

Keyphrases: P3HT, P3HS, Gaussian, WDA, Density functional theory, Time-dependent density functional theory, Photovoltaics, Side chains, Exciplex, Exchange functional
When glaciers vanish : nature, power and moral order in the indian Himalayas

The dissertation presents an ethnographic study that examines knowledge as a situated practice in Ladakh, in the Indian Himalayas. It analyzes the sociocultural implications of two drivers of change at play in Ladakh: one is of socioeconomic origin and linked to the production of Ladakh as a border area, while the other is environmental and driven by climate change. Ladakh, which remained outside the scope of the bureaucratic state during the British colonial administration, found itself refashioned into a strategic border area following India’s independence and successive wars with Pakistan and China. Independence led to the partition of Indian into India and Pakistan in 1947; the dissertation examines the long-term, traumatic events of the partition in Ladakh, tracing connections to current perceptions of climate change. The independent Indian state has produced itself in the region through the taming of its mountains, primarily through infrastructure development and the co-optation of Ladakhi knowledge of the environment by the military apparatus. Far-reaching militarization has restructured Ladakh’s economy, consequently redefining household structure, contributing to village depopulation, displacing the centrality of agro-pastoralist activities and, as the dissertation argues, significantly altering the local population’s engagement with the environment. The increasing rationalization of the outlook on the environment today contributes to the fragmentation of links between the natural and human realms within the local cosmology and the abandonment of related ritual practices. Concurrently, the region is impacted by distinct effects of climate change, in particular glacier recession. The dissertation juxtaposes both the subjective experience of wide-ranging environmental changes and changes in everyday village life with historical facts, showing that local historical events influence perceptions of glacier recession and the depletion of natural resources. The analysis demonstrates that objective phenomena such as glacier recession are interpreted through local realities. Specifically, in the local worldview, a vanishing glacier is a trope for changes in the human condition. Yet, as the dissertation further argues, such cultural framing does not preclude the objectivity of natural history in local cosmology. Moreover, cultural framing and empirical experience, therefore, are shown to be essential to the vitality of local knowledge about the environment and to the performance of associated landscape practices.

Keyphrases: Inde, Himalaya, Ladakh, India, Himalayas, Ladakh, statemaking, border area, climate change, local knowledge, practices, agro-pastoralism, Buddhism and everyday life, moral order, aging
Aux frontières mouvantes des mouvements sociaux, ou quand les partis politiques s’en mêlent : le cas du souverainisme au Québec

The usual definition of social movement refers to activists and organizations, more or less structured in networks, which developed concerted actions in favour of a claim, more or less defined. Whatever the theoretical background considered, social movement organisations are presented as distinct from political parties. Political parties are playing in the electoral arena and are the main actors of institutional politics. In that respect, political parties and social movements are known to interact, but they are supposed to play in two distinct fields : institutional political representation for political parties and social protests for social movements. Yet, the border between institutional and extra-institutional politics is very permeable. In this article, we argue that, in certain social movement configurations, political parties could be an integral part of the social movements from which they emerge, and could even constitute central actors. Our analysis is based on the sovereignist movement in Québec and the study of its transformation through the last 40 years. We show how the Parti québécois and the Bloc québécois are at the centre of the sovereignist movement and still contribute to the definition of a movement that goes beyond their own organisations.

Keyphrases: Parti québécois, Bloc québécois
Facteurs associés à l’alliance thérapeutique chez les patients ayant des troubles psychotiques

This internship report examines the factors associated in therapeutic alliance with patients with psychotic disorders. A literature review based on the factors related to therapeutic alliance and psychotic disorders was performed. Thereafter, a description of the training environment, le Centre d’Hébergement l’Entre-Toit, was performed. A presentation of the methodology used to carry out the five case studies precedes the presentation of the data and the analysis along with the interpretation of those aforementioned data. In the analysis, collected data points out that some dimensions seem to play a role of moderate importance in the creation and maintenance of a therapeutic alliance. On the other hand, some dimensions studied did not provide conclusive results. In addition, it turns out that factors associated with therapeutic alliance do not seem to have the same impact for all persons with psychotic disorders. Based on the results, recommendations are formulated to guide professionals working with clients who have psychotic disorders. These recommendations emphasize important elements in order to achieve the maximum efficiency level of therapeutic alliance between the client and the counsellor. The aim of a better therapeutic alliance is part of an effort to increase treatment adherence and reduce risk of relapse and the risk to commit a violent act .

Keyphrases: comportements violents, therapeutic alliance, psychotic disorders, compliance, violent behavior, forensic psychiatry, working alliance
Modes de vie et politiques municipales : regards sur le milieu périurbain montréalais

This paper builds on a critical reading of the work of Alan Walks as well as on exploratory fieldwork conducted in a Montreal suburban municipality. It aims at showing that municipal boundaries constitute strong ideological markers, which may account for the differing values associated with central and suburban neighbourhoods. In this respect, analyzing public policies adopted by suburban municipalities allows seizing the importance of municipal boundaries and the values they convey.

Keyphrases: Habitat, Public policy, Suburban municipality, Lifestyle
The interest rates and performance of MFIs in the MENA region: is there a moral issue?

The high interest rates of microfinance institutions (MFIs) seem to oppose their social mission, and raise a moral issue. We analyse the determinants of the level of interest rates with regard to the financial performance of an unbalanced panel of 66 MFIs in nine countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the period 2004-2012. We differentiate internal factors (cost of capital, operating expenses and loss provisions) from the external ones (regulation, competition and inflation).The outcomes of a typology from a multivariate analysis upon the relationship between the interest rate and social performance of 53 MFIs in 2008 do not match the classification of MFIs according to Yunus and Weber, which proves irrelevant.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, costs, interest rates, MENA, microfinance institutions, multivariate analysis, performance., philosophy, ethics, economics, coûts, MENA, performance
Éthique et évasion fiscale au Bénin

Tax are generally complex and sometimes unfair. In response to these distortions induced by taxes, taxpayers develop behaviors to reduce their tax. This leads into tax avoidance and even tax evasion. These avoidance strategies amplify the distortion effects of taxation. The objective of the paper is to show that ethics, a set of rules of conduct, could help reducing tax evasion permanently. If tax evasion is not limited, it threatens any collective action of contribution to tax revenue, knowing that the participants do not wish to pay for other.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, ethics, optimal tax, tax evasion, Benin, philosophy, ethics, economics, Evasion fiscale, Bénin
Concordance entre les interventions de l’infirmière et de médecins spécialistes dans la prise en charge des fractures de fragilisation

Introduction. Osteoporosis is a chronic condition which is usually asymptomatic until a fragility fracture (FF) occurs. These fractures lead to increased morbidity and mortality in patients. Moreover, a major care gap exists in the investigation for bone fragility and initiation of treatment for individuals who sustain a FF. The implementation of a subsequent fracture prevention program managed by nurses could be the key in resolving these problems.   Objectives. The main objective of this project was to determine if a nurse can manage safely and efficiently a fracture liaison service (FLS).   Methods. Clinical decisions of nurses for 525 subjects in a studied FLS between 2010 and 2012 were assessed by two independent physicians with expertise in osteoporosis treatment.  Results. The nurses succeeded in identifying all patients at risk and referred 26.7% of patients to a specialist.  Thereby, they managed 73.3% of subjects with FF. No needless referrals were made according to both physicians. Agreement between each evaluator and the nurses was of >97%. Physicians’ decisions were the same in >96% for each type of decision and AC1 coefficient was of >0.960 (almost perfect level of agreement). All major comorbidities were adequately managed.    Conclusion. High agreement between nurses and physicians’ clinical decisions indicate that the management by a nurse of a FLS is safe and recommended for patients with FF. This kind of intervention could help resolve the existing care gap in osteoporosis care as well as the societal economic burden associated with treatment of FF.

Keyphrases: osteoporosis, fragility fracture, nurse, clinical nurse specialist, case manager, management, fracture liaison service, subsequent fracture, prevention
Nanotoxicité des points quantiques : étude in vitro chez les cellules épithéliales alvéolaires humaines A549

Nanoparticles (NPs) are defined as particles with a diameter ranging from 1 to 100 nm. Several studies have suggested or demonstrated that NPs are a health risk factor for workers handling nanomaterials or for the general population using products containing NPs. Nanotoxicology is a new field of research. The particular physicochemical properties of NPs have revealed unexpected interferences of these nanomaterials with components of cytotoxic assays leading to false positive or negative interpretations. Inhalation being one of the most potential risk of NPs exposures, in this project, in vitro experiments were performed with the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. Quantum dots (QDs) have been selected over other NPs because of their potential applications in medicine as nanovectors or nanoprobes. We have first validated the use of nanocytotoxic assays (LDH and MTS with QDs), and found that LDH assay interacts with components of the cell culture medium. A protocol established to counteract this interference has allowed demonstrating that both short and long term exposures to QDs are cytotoxic. We next addressed the underlying mechanisms of QDs nanotoxicity by determining concentrations of free cadmium potentially released from QDs when interacting with cells. We found that the cadmium assay has several interferences which invalidated the use of this assay. In conclusion, our study has allowed to identify several interferences with that call into question conclusions of published studies which have not examined these potential interferences.

Keyphrases: Nanoparticles, Quantum dots, Nanotoxicity, Cytotoxicity, In vitro cytotoxic assays, Mechanisms of toxicity
Implication des utilisateurs dans le développement des innovations médicales : une analyse sociotechnique de la collaboration et de ses enjeux pour l’organisation des soins

Technological changes have major effects on health care organization. Health professionals and patients – the main users of medical innovations – are key actors in the ongoing development and refinement of new medical technologies. To develop more efficient, safe and user-friendly medical technologies, many propose enhancing collaboration between technology users and developers. This research investigates the premise of involving users in the medical innovation process. The main objective of this research is to better understand the collaboration between users and developers involved in the transformation of medical innovations. Adopting a sociotechnical approach, this thesis by article has three objectives: 1) Describe how the literature defines the objectives, methods and issues of engaging users in the development of medical innovations; 2) Analyze the perspectives of users and developers of medical technologies with regards to their collaboration in the innovation process; and 3) Analyze how users are mobilized in practice in the development of medical innovation. The first objective is addressed by a narrative synthesis of the scientific literature (n=101) on user involvement in the medical innovation process. This synthesis has identified the methods used or proposed, normative arguments conveyed, and the main issues raised by involving users. Analysis of data from three deliberative focus groups and a plenary involving users and developers (n=19) of medical technology were employed to address the second objective. The analysis details their perspectives on various modes of collaboration in the innovation process. The third objective involves a case study of an innovation in electrophysiology at the clinical research phase. This case study is based on a qualitative analysis of clinical studies (n=57), editorials and reviews in medical journals (n=15) covering a ten year period (1999-2008) and semi-structured interviews with key actors involved in the innovation process (n=3). This study provides insight into how users make sense of, appropriate and legitimize medical innovation in the context of clinical research. The overall contribution of this thesis is a better understanding of user involvement in the medical innovation process and how to more effectively align technological development with the objectives of the health system.

Keyphrases: medical technology, user involvement, innovation process, sociotechnical analysis, healthcare organization
Understanding the transcriptional control of EIF4E and its dysregulation in acute myeloid leukemia: role of NF-κB

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor EIF4E is a powerful oncogene that is overexpressed in cancers, including the M4 and M5 subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). EIF4E is regulated at multiple levels; however not much is known about the transcriptional regulation of this gene. My findings show that the nuclear factor kappa-light- chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a direct transcriptional regulator of EIF4E. EIF4E levels are induced in primary hematopoietic cells and in cell lines in response to NF-κB activating stimuli. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of NF-κB suppresses EIF4E levels. NF-κB factors RelA (p65) and c-Rel are recruited to evolutionarily conserved κB sites in the EIF4E promoter in vitro and in vivo following NF-κB activation concurrent with the recruitment of p300 and phosphorylated Pol II. Furthermore, p65 is selectively associated with the EIF4E promoter in M4/M5 AML subtypes but not in other AML subtypes or normal primary hematopoietic cells and thus represents an underlying factor in determining the differential expression of EIF4E in AML. Analysis of gene expression RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) suggests that EIF4E and RELA mRNA levels are upregulated in intermediate and poor prognosis AML but not in the cytogenetically favorable group. Additionally, elevated EIF4E and RELA mRNA levels are significantly associated with worst patient survival outcome. Furthermore, 8 new putative NF-κB target genes that may be regulated with a pattern similar to EIF4E in poor prognosis AML were in silico predicted from Chip-Seq data. Finally, 6 new transcription factors that may be implicated in EIF4E gene regulation were predicted from the analysis of ChIP-Seq data from the encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE). Collectively, these findings could offer novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of EIF4E and a novel molecular basis for its dysregulation in AML. Understanding this level of regulation within the context of patient specimens is important for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to target EIF4E gene expression with specific NF-κB inhibitors combined with ribavirin.

Keyphrases: EIF4E, NF-κB, Transcriptional Regulation, Acute Myeloid Leukemia