NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La frontière et les ombres : les clandestins afghans de Peshawar, Pakistan

A four-decades long, perpetually mutating war, has forced millions of Afghan people into exile. These now constitute the world’s second largest and most enduring refugee population. Divided for the most part between Iran and Pakistan, corresponding roughly to the varied ethnic, linguistic and religious affiliations that make up Afghan society, these refugees are increasingly confronted to rejection from the states that had hitherto welcomed them. The situation of Afghan refugees represents a point of convergence between a multiplicity of phenomena – local and global, political and social, economic and cultural – that make it a unique standpoint from which to think about our times. It marks something like the visible imprint of an unraveling of the biopolitical dispositive1, of its very paradigm even, as it is unfolding at the postcolonial Frontier. It is a moment which also appears as a sort of “crisis of the postcolonial subject”. One torn between its “tribal”, religious and juridical selves. What such crisis lays bare however is just how such an overlap of competing modes of subjectivation may open a breach, allowing for the subversion of their very controlling and exclusionary purposes. This ethnography focuses more specifically on the Pashtun, undocumented Afghan refugees living in Peshawar, Pakistan. It examines the diverse strategies they deploy in negotiating a living space, in spite of being officially unallowed in the country – how they manage their best to live (almost) normal lives. Throughout this work, as if an extension of the indetermination and ambiguity that characterises the situation of these refugees, this ethnography is confronted also with the epistemological question concerning the possibility or impossibility of an anthropology of troubled times.

Keyphrases: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Peshawar, Refugees, Undocumented, Illegal immigration, Anthropology
L’art de bâtir à Río Bec (Campeche, Mexique)

Since their discovery, at the end of the 19th century, the architectural remains of the Río Bec region (Campeche, Mexico) have been repeatedly observed, described and interpreted. However, despite all the attention they have received, little research has been done and published concerning their construction. Archaeological reports and publications sometimes devote a few lines to this topic, but almost all of these have focused primarily on formal and decorative features, with the main objective of defining stylistically and chronologically the architectural tradition to which they belong. The present study aims to approach the Rio Bec architecture in a different way by exploring its technological dimension. Through the analysis of the quarries found at the eponymous site, the thorough examination of the architectural remains situated in their surroundings, and the petrographic characterization of the surviving building materials, this study attempts to reconstruct the chaîne opératoire employed by the builders. It offers a presentation of the means and methods used in each stage of this chain, from the selection and acquisition of the raw materials to the completion and inauguration of the buildings, including the processing and shaping of the materials, as well as the conception, execution and evolution of each component of the buildings. Such an approach provides fresh insights not only into this unique architecture, but also into the organization of construction activities and labor in this part of the Maya lowlands.

Keyphrases: Maya, Rio Bec, Architecture, Building process, Quarries, Building stones, Mortar, Outillage, Tools, Builders
Le grand frère : coaching, adolescence et lien de confiance

The main objective of this research is to explore the role of the trust bond in the relationship between coaches and players in a men's soccer team at a Quebec high school. Our theoretical framework comes from the constructivist paradigm, the theories retained are symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology. Data collection was done through a participant observation phase followed by 9 semi-structured interviews. The grounded theory was used to analyze the interviews. This research indicates that the trust bond is established between two actors through a construction process. The analysis allows us to identify 7 roles the coach plays with his players that allow him to establish a relationship of trust with them : the model, the initiator, the coach, the friend, the protector, the helper and the source of love. As a big brother, the coach guides his players through the hassle of life in both sportive and extra sportive elements. Using the trust bond, the coach appears as an individual able to intervene with these young men who form a so-called "difficult" population to reach by the social services.

Keyphrases: Intervention, Sport, Recherche qualitative, Trust bond, Trust relationship, Trust, Therapeutic alliance, Intervention, Social worker, Sport, Coach, Young men, Qualitative research
Accumulation et translocation de cinq éléments traces dans la biomasse aérienne de végétaux d’intérêt  dans un contexte de phytoremédiation

Ecological services provided by nature has led to the flourishment of greening initiatives in urban areas as a means to sustainable development and for the reclamation of devalued polluted sectors in terms of environmental, social and economic perspectives.  One impediment associated with such greening initiatives on polluted sites is the resulting contamination of aboveground plant material by trace elements.  My research project consisted of a trial of fifteen species selected for their urban predominance, ecological relevance, edibility, prospective commercial use and phytoremediation potential. Species were grown for 15 weeks in a tunnel greenhouse, in pots filled with contaminated technosol containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as Cu, Zn, Se and Ag. The soil was also spiked with Cd as a model of highly hazardous and mobile trace elements. The prime objective was to quantify the accumulation of trace elements in the aboveground biomass in terms of relative concentration as well as true extracted quantities (phytoextraction). The second objective of the project was to determine translocation patterns within aboveground tissues: stem, leave and reproductive organs (flowers or fruits).  Within the trial, some species were selected for their potential hyperaccumulation of Se (mustard) and Cd (wonder-berry and common yarrow). Our results indicated that accumulation and translocation patterns differed greatly according to species and trace elements. The potential hyperaccumulator species morel and yarrow as well as mustard stood out from other by their potential to accumulate Cd and Se respectively. Exclusion mechanisms were observed for Cd translocation within reproductive organs for all species that produced fruits or flowers, however all edible parts were above standard recommendations in terms of Cd concentration. Regarding these results, soil characterization and contamination should be an essential preliminary step before any greening initiative can take place, in order to select the appropriate species.

Keyphrases: translocation, technosol, zinc, greening, phytoremediation, trace element, copper, zinc, silver
The Effect of Collective Psychology on the Mistreatment of Nineteenth-Century Women in Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper"

Collective psychology, at its core, is the study of the ways in which individuals act in group settings. An overview of various works written in the field of collective psychology brings forth an understanding of this phenomenon and how the behavior which ensues from its presence in a group or crowd can lead to devastating results. This thesis demonstrates how collective psychology was a primary cause for the mistreatment of women in the nineteenth century. This phenomenon is utilized as the basis for an analysis of literary works written by nineteenth-century women. More specifically, this study observes the influence of a patriarchal society on the behavior of individuals within society, as well as within their homes. This thesis explores literary examples that feature women who undergo various types of mistreatment based on the effects of collective psychology. I will consider Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” to demonstrate the important patterns of mistreatment which emerge due to the complex phenomenon of collective psychology. This analysis will demonstrate how the female characters from these works endure mistreatment by those closest to them because of the insidious presence of this phenomenon in their lives.

Keyphrases: Collective psychology, Mistreatment, Phenomenon, Group, Crowd, Nineteenth century, Women, Feminism, Characters, Literary women
Le tatouage contemporain : vecteur d’identité 
ou artefact de consommation?

The aim of this dissertation is to uncover the motivations by which individuals have decided to permanently mark their bodies with particular motives capable of defining their identity in the same way as their individuality. These reasons, however, are subject to inflections of trends and modes conveyed in the media. In the last 20 years, tattoo has gone subtly from a brand of rebellion and originality to a standardized brand associated with youth and fashion. In this thesis, we have tried, by interviewing a dozen people from various backgrounds and having lived this mutation, to understand the reasons for having these tattoos as well as the changes of perception on the phenomenon. Thus, based on various theories including the Goffmanian theory of self-staging, David Le Breton's theory of identity-making and Bauman's vision of consumerism, we can partially explain the phenomenon.

Keyphrases: Tattoo, Individuality, DIY identity, Influence of the media, Consumption
La cornemuse bulgare ou comment inventer une tradition musicale

The music tradition of the Bulgarian bagpipe gaida established itself as a Bulgarian tradition in the dawn of Bulgarian nationalism in the 1860s, continued its development as such after the Liberation from Ottoman domination (1878), during the XX century, and even now at the beginning of XX century.       We interested here how this music tradition had entered the Bulgarian national imaginaire by the means of the satirical press, the international fairs, the fine arts, the literature, the cinema, and the folklore festivals in order to become such a powerful sumbol of the nation.

Keyphrases: Bulgarie, Bulgaria, music tradition, imagined community, bagpipe
Traitement de troisième vague pour les personnes atteintes d’un trouble psychotique et d’anxiété sociale : influence de la pratique quotidienne de la pleine conscience

There is evidence suggesting the acceptability and feasibility of mindfulness-based intervention for people with psychosis but little is known regarding the daily integration and use of these strategies. This study aims to explore participants’ experience of daily mindfulness practice and to investigate the influence of practice level on the intervention’s efficacy. More particularly, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from six participants who completed an eight weeks compassion, acceptation and mindfulness individual therapy. The participants provided daily practice diaries, and, on a weekly basis, filled-out emotional regulation, experiential avoidance and mindfulness questionnaires. They also attended a semi-structured interview at the end of the therapy. The results suggest the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and a certain influence of practice level on the outcomes. Even if not statistically significant, the association between practice level and emotional regulation and experiential avoidance are clinically significant. Also, data suggest that the issues and needs inherent to the daily practice of mindfulness were specific to each participant. It brings light the importance for the therapist to be flexible in the delivery of mindfulness abilities and the necessity to adapt treatment protocols to each participant.

Keyphrases: Mindfulness, Acceptation, Compassion, Schizophrenia, Social anxiety, Emotional regulation, Practice, Psychosis, Avoidance
Kants Dritte Kritik und die Genese des Badischen Neukantianismus

I argue here that the relationship of the neo-Kantian School of Baden to Kant’s philosophy passes through the mediation of Hermann Lotze. If, for instance, the neo-Kantian theory of values sees in “feeling” the criterion of the recognition of values, and if this recognition, of beauty in the first place, imposes itself upon the individual subject as some sort of “ought” (Sollen), these two elements, typical of Kant’s aesthetic judgment, have been taken over and to a large extent transformed in the writings of Lotze, who was, as wee might recall, the teacher of Windelband. And besides, the dogmatic approach to teleology that we find in Lotze was to have far-reaching consequences for the Baden School, namely with regard to its interest for history as the ideal ground for the progressive realization of values.

Keyphrases: Rickert, Windelband, Lotze, History, Value, Beauty, Feeling
Lien entre l’agression sexuelle durant l’enfance et le développement de maladies infectieuses non transmises sexuellement

Child sexual abuse is a prevalent worldwide problem and is associated with numerous psychological consequences, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatique stress disorder and suicide ideation both in childhood and adulthood. With respect to physical health, in adulthood, child sexual abuse is associated with increased gastrointestinal symptoms, gynecological symptoms, cardio-respiratory symptoms, pain and obesity. However, few studies have documented the specific repercussions of child sexual abuse on the physical health of children and adolescents. In youth, child maltreatment, which includes child sexual abuse, is associated to more asthma, migraines, somatic complaints and increased hospitalisations for various physical health problems. The association between childhood adversity and various chronic diseases is only partially explained by at-risk behaviors (eg., smoking and physical inactivity), and therefore, it has been postulated that childhood adversity can lead to a dysregulation of the immune and endocrine systems, which would then lead to chronic inflammation, and therefore, to physical health problems. The main objective of this doctoral essay was to determine if there is an association between child sexual abuse and the development of infectious diseases in children and adolescents, which could be an early clinical manifestation of the dysregulation of the immune and endocrine systems. Of the 955 eligible children and adolescents who had a substantiated report of sexual abuse between January 1st 2001 and Décember 31st 2010, medical data was retrieved for 882 individuals, who formed the sexually abused group. These 882 children and adolescents were matched to 882 participants on age, gender, and administrative healthcare region to form the general population group. This matched-cohort study compared the number of infectious disease diagnoses between the two groups between the date of the substantiated sexual abuse report and August 1st 2013. Results indicate that sexually abused participants had 1.27 times more (95% CI – 1.13 to 1.42; p < 0.001) infectious diseases diagnoses than those from the general population. They received 1.83 times more genitourinary infections diagnoses (95% CI – 1.43 to 2.33; p < 0.001), 1.31 times more diagnoses for other types of infections (95% CI – 1.11 to 1.55; p = 0.002) and 1.21 times more respiratory and ear infection diagnoses (95% CI – 1.05 to 1.40; p = 0.007). There was no statistically significant difference regarding skin infection diagnoses. These results indicate an association between CSA and more frequent diagnoses for all types of infections, genitourinary infections, respiratory and ear infections and other types of infections but not for skin infections. Preventative measures and interventions should be implemented for sexually abused youth who have infections.

Keyphrases: Child sexual abuse, Children, Adolescent, Physical health, Infectious diseases, Matched-cohort study
Les sources du concept fichtéen de phénoménologie dans la Doctrine de la science de 1804 (2e série)

Fichte characterizes the second part of his Doctrine of Science of 1804 with the term « phenomenology », to which he assigns a double meaning : theory of illusion (Schein) and theory of phenomenon (Erscheinung). If the first part of this definition reminds us of Lambert, the inventor of phenomenology as a philosophical discipline, the second part corresponds to the idea that Kant has of this discipline, for instance in the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science. Now the question is : is it possible to integrate into a single discipline two concepts as different as Schein and Erscheinung? If Fichte is successful in uniting both concepts in his phenomenology, it might be due to the fact that he follows in this the path already opened by Reinhold in his Beyträge of 1802-1803.

Keyphrases: Fichte, Reinhold, Kant, Lambert
La pharmacogénomique de l’insuffisance cardiaque : revue systématique de la littérature et présentation d’une cohorte de patients atteints d’insuffisance cardiaque

Context. Heart failure (HF) affects 1 to 2% of the population and its prevalence is expected to increase in the aging population. Recent evidence suggests that HF and associated risk factors are heritable. HF has multiple phenotypes each associated with different risk factors, pathophysiology and prognosis. Objective. This project presents the current knowledge on HF pharmacogenomics found in the scientific literature and describes a cohort of HF patients who participated in a case-control study. The characteristics of different subgroups are presented and compared to current epidemiologic data. Results. We recruited 829 HF patients who participated in the Montreal Heart Institute biobank project. The mean age is 66,1 ± 10,2 years and 76,6% are male. The median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is 38% (interquartile range: 28–52%) and ischemic etiology accounts for 55,0% of HF cases. The HF with a reduced LVEF phenotype represents 55,4% of participants while 11,2% and 33,4% of cases have HF with a mid-range LVEF and HF with a preserved LVEF, respectively. Conclusion. The HF with a preserved LVEF phenotype was underrepresented in our cohort compared to what is expected in the scientific literature. We report more men and ischemic etiology, which could be explained by the fact that the Montreal Heart Institute is a reference center for transplantation. Characteristics of the major HF phenotypes are consistent with those reported in the scientific literature, thus suggesting that our cohort is representative of these sub-groups.

Keyphrases: Heart failure, Genomics, Pharmacogenomics, Individualized medicine, Ejection fraction, Case-control study
Relativement à l'abstraction ainsi qu'à la génération d'éléments et de concepts extra-musicaux en composition

This document is a detailed analysis of the compositional work that I have done during my Master in Instrumental Composition. A first work for large ensemble and a second one for an instrumental formation including voices are being discussed in the present document. The ideas of the following works are, dichotomically, cartesian and esoteric. The analysis includes comments regarding harmony, counterpoint and orchestration. Though, the main focus of the exegesis is being put on the genesis of the ideas and their musical manifestations through conceptual constructions. I wish to share with the reader my creative process. That way, I hope that the reader will identify compositional constants on which my musical language is being constructed.

Keyphrases: Composition, Lyrical fantasy, Symbolism
Les représentations de la violence dans les récits concernant la santé et les moyens de subsistance de femmes migrantes vivant en Afrique du Sud

In this Master’s thesis, we will attempt to answer the following question: How do migrant women, living in high violence contexts in South Africa, portray and incorporate violence into their narratives about their health, healthcare access and livelihood? More specifically, our goal is to understand how these women integrate experienced violence and how they communicate it in order to identify the different representations that they make of it. Although several researchers have shown interest in these news waves of violence, few have focused their attention on how migrant women experience these adversities on a daily basis. To answer our research question, we performed a secondary analysis of a database. In total, fourteen interviews were selected in which violence was mentioned. Our sample is composed of migrant women and community healthcare workers (CHW) that are mandated to provide basic care as well as promote health and prevent disease within communities. As part of this qualitative research, the favoured approach to analyse our data is descriptive interpretative, because it allows the use of data that was not collected by the initial researcher of the study. We used the constant comparative method of data analysis, as developed by Professor Kathy Charmaz (2006), to analyse our data. The results of the process showed that xenophobia is the theme used by the women in our study corpus to represent the violence migrants experience on a daily basis. Although the concept was not explicitly mentioned in the interviews, it was noticeable in the passages where migrant women and CHWs spoke of social exclusion and discrimination against migrant population living in South Africa. Two conclusions were drawn from our analysis in regard to the way migrant women integrated the violence experienced. The first is related to physical and psychological abuse and can be described as protective strategies used by some women to avoid risky situations. The last conclusion drawn is the link between the adversities experienced by migrant women and they’re feeling of belonging, where violence reduces their sense of belonging. Finally, through our analysis, a link has been established between interpersonal violence and collective violence and the presence of a so-called structural violence in South Africa. This could help explain, to a certain extent, the high prevalence of violence in the country.

Keyphrases: Violence, Qualitative, Public health, Migrants, South Africa