NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La melancolía en Atlántida de Oscar Villegas : representación teatral del carácter nacional mexicano

Mexican men and women are commonly depicted as extremely melancholic beings bound to a tragic fate. Numerous myths about them, direct products of their own culture, are linked to sadness and fear which are the two basic components of melancholy. The anthropologist Roger Bartra, in his work La jaula de la melancolia; identidad y metamorfosis del Mexicano, analyses these culturally acquired elements of the personality of Mexicans.  The objective of this investigation is to demonstrate that Oscar Villegas' Atlántida is an exemplary representation of Mexican melancholy. In this play, Villegas tells the story of a young cabaret exotic dancer who lives constant disillusions in a vulgar and perverted world where human values are lacking. The playwright takes us to the poor neighbourhoods of Mexico City in the Forties to portray people in despair who are unable to change the course of their lives.  Besides being a theatre play about melancholy, Atlántida outlines the very caracteristics that have become the national feature of Mexicans throughout time. The study of this work is based on Anne Ubersfeld's theories of theatrical text analysis, suggesting an approach that centers on the line of action and contexts of communication found in the dialogues.  The study of both Villegas' play and Bartra's essay allows us to explore the intrinsic correlation that seems to exist between Mexicans and melancholy.

Keyphrases: Melancholy, Mexican theater, Mexican culture and society, Mexican identity, Despair, Fatalism
La surveillance de l'utilisation d'Internet au travail : guide des droits et obligations des employeurs

All employers providing Internet access to their employees should implement Internet monitoring in the workplace, to increase the benefits and reduce the risks related to Internet use at work. Employers have the right to implement this kind of monitoring subject, however, to the rights of employees and third parties. The implementation of Internet monitoring within the workplace can affect employees' privacy and the right to fair and reasonable conditions of employment, as well as the rights of third parties who may be indirectly subject to monitoring. In this context, the employer should go through two steps of reasoning. The employer should first determine the level of reasonable expectation of privacy of all individuals monitored, which level is assessed in the light of numerous factors. The employer must also meet the criteria of rationality and proportionality. These criteria require that the employer identifies the reasons behind monitoring, and how monitoring will be exercised. After these two steps, the employer will be able to identify the obligations to which he is submitted through the implementation of Internet monitoring.

Keyphrases: Internet, Consentement, Workplace monitoring, Internet, Privacy, Conditions of employment, Justification, Proportionality, Personal Information, Obligation to inform, Consent, Policy
Globin Gene Expression: Role of Transcription Factors

Aberrant gene expression is an underlying pathophysiology in many disease conditions. Lineage-specification and -commitment is tightly dependent on lineage-specific transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes. Using human β-globin locus as a model, we investigated how the transcriptional machinery is set and regulated during erythropoiesis and how it impacts globally on gene expression. Class I bHLH proteins are important transcription factors whose binding sites are frequently clustered throughout the β-globin gene locus, suggesting their role in globin gene regulation. We showed that, in hematopoietic progenitor (HPC) and erythroid cells (EryC) of the transgenic mouse for human β-globin locus and human HPC cells (CD34+); HEB, E2A and ETO-2 significantly interact with locus control region (LCR) and promoters of globin genes, and their relative ratio is altered during erythropoiesis. For the first time, we found that in other hematopoietic lineages, human β-globin locus is in active chromatin and interacts with transcription factors involved in repression. Strikingly and consistent with the expression of globin genes, we characterized transcription factors involved in open chromatin configuration and basal level of globin gene expression in lymphoid progenitor cells. Further, with the genetic power of E2A and HEB knockout mice, our findings were clarified in mutant backgrounds.

Keyphrases: Globin, Gene Expression, Lineage Specification, Transcription Factor, Expression
La gouvernance des projets d’architecture : une typologie de la multi-organisation temporaire

Traditional approaches to ethics in architecture have focused on three characteristics of the object: durability, convenience and beauty (firmitas, utilitas and venustas). On the other hand, recent knowledge derived from the fields of project management and sustainable development has made significant contributions to the understanding of project governance. However, the relationships of governance within architectural projects are linked to the characteristics of the construction industry, a sector that operates through the creation of temporary teams formed by highly specialized organizations. We present in this article some of these characteristics and their influence on the relations between project participants. A systems approach based on the review of case studies helps us identify the complexity of the temporary teams involved in archi- tectural projects. The identification of various types of organizational configurations highlights some ethical issues related to formal and informal relationships between stakeholders and those between the architect and complex construction clients. We argue that the architect is faced with the challenge of working on an architectural project that is —increasingly— the subject of negotiation between stakeholders. Faced with this challenge, it is crucial for the architect to understand the complexity of the relationships between participants within the project social system and to create the appropriate mechanisms of participation, negotiation and exchange between them.

Keyphrases: architecture
Le médecin-écrivain, l’éthique et l’imaginaire

There are many physician writers worldwide, but the ties that bind a health professional's experience to his/her fiction writing have been studied more extensively in the English-speaking Literary and Medical world than in its French language counterpart. Based on an examination of four novels written by a French physician writer, first published in 1989, and on an exclusive inter- view with the author, this paper addresses the ways throug which a caregiver's professional experience feeds his fictions and how they, in turn, carry the author's views of healthcare ethics.

Keyphrases: imagination
Solutions de rang k et invariants de Riemann pour les systèmes de type hydrodynamique multidimensionnels

In this work, the conditional symmetry method is adapted in order to construct solutions expressed in terms of Riemann invariants.  Nonelliptic quasilinear homogeneous systems of multidimensional partial differential equations of hydrodynamic type are considered.  A detailed description of the necessary and sufficient conditions for the local existence of these types of solutions is given.  The relationship between the structure of integral elements and the possibility of constructing certain classes of rank-k solutions is discussed.   These classes of solutions include nonlinear superpositions of Riemann waves and multisolitonic solutions.  This approach is generalized to first-order inhomogeneous hyperbolic quasilinear systems.  These methods are applied to the equations describing an isentropic fluid flow in (3+1) dimensions.  Several new classes of rank-2 and rank-3 solutions are obtained which contain double and triple solitonic solutions.  New nonlinear and linear superpositions of Riemann waves are described.  Finally, certain aspects of the construction of rank-2 solutions through an application to the dispersionless Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation are discussed.

Keyphrases: Riemann invariants, Hydrodynamic type systems, Symmetry methods, Conditional symmetries, Rank-k solutions
Continuatio et renovatio : l'idéologie impériale de Septimius Severus

Septimius Severus reigned from 193 to 211 A.D., between the Golden Age of the Antonine dynasty and the third century crisis of the Roman Empire. He was saluted  emperor by his legions of Upper Pannonia but was compelled to fight two civil wars to retain power. From this, and his African origin, it could be interpreted that the imperial rule of Severus was the genesis of the evolution from the Principate to the Dominate, expressed through his imperial ideology.     This Master’s thesis examines how an emperor of African origin adhered to the iconographic traditions inaugurated under the reign of Augustus, and establishes the degree and nature of his ideological innovations. Founded on literary, epigraphic and iconographical sources, this research will demonstrate that the ideology of Severus was part of the continued evolution of the Romans’ perception of imperial power.

Keyphrases: Empire, Septime Sévère, Roman history, Empire, Imperial ideology, Iconography, Numismatics, Septimius Severus
Effet de la symétrie sur la supraconductivité de LaRhSi3 et la frustration magnétique du SrRE2O4 (RE = Dy ou Ho)

In the first part of this thesis, we present our muon spectroscopy results of the non-centrosymmetric superconductor LaRhSi3. Zero magnetic field measurements showed no internal field, suggesting at most a very small triplet component in the superconducting wave function. A temperature scan taken in 35G transverse-field geometry showed a phase transition at Hc1. The asymmetry of the muon relaxation spectrum measured at 20mK and field of 150G, which is between the lower and upper critical fields, shows a faster relaxation rate compared to the spectrum obtained at 4K, a behaviour expected in the presence of vortices in the type II superconductor. However, the temperature dependence of the relaxation rate begins to increase all the way to a temperature twice Tc of LaRhSi3 in a field of 150G. In the second part of this document, we present the interpretation of inelastic neutron scattering by crystalline electric fields. These measurements were carried out on powder samples of frustrated quantum magnets SrHo2O4 and SrDy2O4. Using Stevens operators method, we determined the level scheme du to crystalline electric field effects using a point charge model and fitted it to the experimental data. For the SrDy2O4 we found a ground state that appears to be composed of four quasi-accidental degenerate states that carry a non zero magnetic moment even though susceptibility measurements did not indicate magnetic order above 50mK. For the SrHo2O4, the ground state is a pair with a 6.98(8)$\mu_B$ magnetic moment. This lat value fots with experimental data.

Keyphrases: muSR, Unconventional superconductivity, Non-centrosymmetric, Quantum magnet, Cristalline electric field, Inelastic neutron diffraction
Les caractéristiques des agresseurs comme facteurs de risque associés au développement du sentiment de solitude chez les adolescents victimes de harcèlement par les pairs

The goal of the present study is to examine to what extend bullies’ behavioral and relational characteristics account for changes over time in loneliness feelings among victimized middle school students. The sample was composed of 538 grade 7 and 8 students from two middle schools in Montreal. During two consecutive years, students’ level of victimization and bullies’ characteristics (gender, aggressive behaviors, popularity and victimization) were evaluated with self-reported measures and peer nominations. Results show that, beyond the frequency to which students are victimized, bullies’ gender was associated with an increase over a one year period in loneliness feelings for girls and boys. Specifically, the number of females bullies identified by the students, constitutes a risk factor closely linked to the development of loneliness feelings. Moreover, the behavioral and relational characteristics of the bullies were not associated with an increase over time of loneliness feelings. However, being bullied by students characterized by social adjustment difficulties (aggressive and victimized bullies) was negatively associated with concurrent loneliness feelings. The discussion highlights the intra- and interpersonal processes explaining why the loneliness feelings linked to victimization by peers are likely to vary according to the bullies’ characteristics.

Keyphrases: Peer victimization, Aggression, Popularity, Bullies' characteristics, Loneliness feelings, Longitudinal study
Les habiletés spatio-cognitives des aveugles de naissance : résolution de labyrinthes tactiles

Navigation is predominately based on vision as it gathers spatial information simultaneously and allows a continuous update of our position relative to space. For many blind people who rely mainly on auditive, haptic, proprioceptive, olfactive and echolocating cues to navigate, leaving outside their home can be a challenge. Research on the navigational neural network in this particular population is therefore crucial to better adapt resources for visually impaired people and free them from isolation. Congenitally blind subjects are also an interesting population for the study of neuroplasticity. As their brain was built without any visual input, most structures related to vision are reduced in volume compared to those of seeing subjects. Moreover, their occipital cortex, a region normally dedicated to vision, has a suprametabolic activity at rest, which could represent a virgin territory that can be recruited by other modalities to accomplish various sensory tasks. Recently some researchers have demonstrated the involvement of this region in sensory tasks such as tactile discrimination and auditive localisation. Other intramodal plastic changes have also been observed in the blind’s navigational neural network. The posterior part of hippocampus, involved in cognitive mapping, is reduced in volume while the anterior section is enlarged in blind subjects. Although some anatomical plastic changes have been observed in congenitally blind’s brain navigational system, their functional aspect remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neural correlates of navigation in congenital blindness and to link them with the blinds’ spatio-cognitive skills. The first behavioral study identified route learning difficulties in congenitally blind participants when they were ask to navigate inside small-scaled tactile mazes. Using functional magnetic resonance imagery in the second study, these problems were associated with the recruitment of brain regions involved in an egocentric perspective processing, such as right superior parietal lobule. While blindfolded seeing subjects excelled in the maze task, they recruited structures involved in allocentric processing, such as hippocampus and parahippocampus. Moreover, the second study confirmed the recruitment of occipital cortex in a navigation task for blind subjects only. This strengthens the involvement of crossmodal plasticity in higher level cognitive tasks, such as navigation.

Keyphrases: navigation, navigation, hippocampus, blindness, maze, haptic, functional imaging
Espace et récit : l’inscription des temps dans la ville : parcours stochastiques chez Julio Cortázar

From the shift of contemporary literature towards labyrinthine, fragmentary self expression, emerges a meaningful correspondence between the characters of a narrative and the spaces they inhabit : spaces as multiple and discontinuous figures inscribed in history and myth.  This interactive construction linking place and subject renders space of primary significance and in so doing, redefines the importance of time in the act of writing.  Time does not unfold only in "what is told", as Ricoeur suggests, but in the successive layers of its inscription in place: which is lived through the combining art of experimentation with attachment to place. The expression of the subject of the narrative emerges from the continual and imperfect project of the subject to locate himself in the city, in those places with which he identifies and which construct him.  Through three texts by writer Julio Cortázar, time will be considered as a modality of “accumulatable” fragments, inscribed in significant places, from which a consciousness emerges through the city's porousness and its capacity for leaps and passageways.  What connects the architectonic spaces and the imprint of time within them and a subject who must express himself to exist and create narratives to unify the discontinuous parts of his being, will emerge through "becoming in action", the addition of narrative and real life experience in Cortazarian figures of experimentation, play, passageway et language.   Herein a dynamic specific to the city emerges in the creative act that fulfills and guides the subject: his plural singularity.

Keyphrases: Cortázar, passage, exil, Julio Cortázar, space, city, temporality, play, route, waking dream, exile, passageway, porosity
Comparative safety respiratory pharmacology : validation of a head-out plethysmograph – pneumotachometer testing device in male Sprague–Dawley rats, Beagle dogs and Cynomolgus monkeys

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance qualifications of the FlexiWare® system in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats, Cynomolgus monkeys, as well as awake and anesthetized Beagle dogs following the administration of pharmacological substances with known effects on the respiratory system. The pharmacological substances included albuterol administered by inhalation; methacholine and remifentanil, both administered intravenously. A preparation of saline solution administered intravenously was used as control. Respiratory monitoring included: respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), minute ventilation (MV), in rats, dogs and monkeys. Additional time-, flow-, and ratio-derived variables were used in the rat model. Those variables included inspiratory (IT) and expiratory (ET) times, time to peak expiratory flow, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, mid-tidal expiratory flow (EF50), inspiratory:expiratory (I:E) and inspiratory to total breath (I:TB) ratios. The results of this study have proven that the FlexiWare® was a reliable method and should be considered in the core battery recommended in safety pharmacology studies (ICH 2000) to assess the broncho-dilative, -constrictive, and central depressant effects of drugs on the respiratory system of the common laboratory animal specie. The animals appeared to adapt well to the restraint unit. The variables evaluated, particularly RR, TV and MV, were adequate and allowed to characterize the response of the animals following the administration of the pharmacological substances. They are judiciously completed with flowderived variables. The addition of within-breath time parameters was not primordial to detect drug effects but offered complementary tools to interpret physiological changes. However the evaluation period should be limited to the first 2 hours post treatment. These studies represent a performance qualifications evaluation of the system and have originally demonstrated the precision (sensitivity and specificity) as well as repeatability for different variables and on different specie of interest.

Keyphrases: Rats, Singes, Safety, Respiratory, Pharmacology, Rats, Monkeys, Dogs
Influence du sommeil sur l'analgésie placebo

Pain is a multidimensional experience which can be modulated by many cognitive factors. The impact of expectations associated with an impending painful experience was largely studied in the context of placebo analgesia, and it was suggested that the presence of conscious relief expectation was necessary for the production of pain reduction. On the other hand, some clinical studies have observed therapeutic improvements following the administration of a placebo, even during sleep, which suggest that a placebo effect can be seen even in the absence of explicit relief expectation. The first study of this thesis aims at examining if a pain reduction, as well as a decrease in sleep disturbances associated with the experimental pain stimuli, can be seen following the induction of night-time expectations. The results indeed showed a significant reduction in pain and associated sleep disturbances evaluated retrospectively following the application of a placebo. In addition, placebo treatment appears to modulate responses to experimental pain during sleep, in a manner dependent of the sleep stage in which they are presented. Although the development of placebo analgesia relies on the production of relief expectations, previous exposure to efficient treatment appears to augment the magnitude of the effect. This suggests that associative learning processes might also be implicated in the genesis of these effects. As a role of sleep was shown in the learning of different aptitudes, the objective of the second study was to examine whether the presence of a sleep episode between the placebo induction and the evaluation of the effect can reinforce the integration of expectations and consequently, favour the production of expectation-dependent effects. The results show that sleep increases the association between expectation and relief, and that the level of expectation appears to be linked to the relative duration of REM sleep measured after the induction. Globally, this thesis demonstrates that sleep can influence placebo analgesia at many levels.

Keyphrases: Placebo analgesia, Sleep, Expectation, REM sleep, Conditioning