NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Analyse des facteurs influençant le choix de programme de résidence des leaders étudiants en médecine du Québec : le rôle des GIMF

Background : Despite numerous initiatives and interventions in recent years, medical students’ interest for family medicine (FM) remains inferior to the health planners’ target. Objectives : To identify the factors that influence medical student leaders in their choice of residency program, with a focus on Family medicine student interest groups (FaMSIG) and ways to improve their efficacy. Strategy : Synthetic approach by multiple case studies at a single level of analysis. Descriptive research with instrumental endpoint in action-research. Participants : Medical leaders from three faculties of medicine in Quebec (n=21), selected by rational choice with a sociogram. Method : Focus groups and self-submitted questionnaire. Qualitative analysis assisted by N-Vivo software. Results : Many factors, including the existence of FaMSIG, influence medical students’ career choice. To increase FaMSIGs’ capacity to interest students in FM, we could emulate student interest groups in other specialities and develop a social marketing approach for use among the undecided, stressing their emotional motivations. Conclusion : FaMSIGs can contribute to the promotion and increased value of FM among medical students in Quebec. By focussing on medical students leaders and their natural influence on their peers, it is possible to increase FaMSIGs’ efficacy.

Keyphrases: leaders, family medicine, FaMSIG
La perception du rôle et les attitudes de cynisme et de désengagement chez le technicien ambulancier paramédic québécois dans le contexte des interventions non urgentes

Problem: The paramedic’s role has been steadily evolving internationally. Elderly and chronically ill user’s demands have lead to an increase in prehospital non urgent interventions. Confronting the conflict between the perceived role of a paramedic and the shifting reality toward non urgent care may result in a role conflict that manifests as chronic-moderate organizational stress. Mechanisms of coping related to this stress may be adopted. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to depict the Quebec paramedic’s experience related to non urgent interventions and explore their role perception and resulting attitudes of cynicism and disengagement. Method: Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews have been codified and analyzed based on a model adapted from the literature on works in socio-psychology and health administration theories. (n=13, 3 administrative regions, less than 3 years to more than 20 years of career) Results: Paramedics acknowledge experiencing role conflict as they explain the formation of their work and field of practice as being exclusively oriented toward emergency response, contrary to their pervasive work reality. They demonstrate cynicism and disengagement, and specify it as being inherent to the professional experience and intimately linked with burnout, affecting quality of care despite fundamental professional intentions. Conclusion: Paramedics described different professional coping mechanisms aimed at acknowledging the conflicting duality of their practice, amongst them, showcasing their clinical capability to play an active role in primary health care in the prehospital, non urgent setting and adjusting and enhancing the training programs.

Keyphrases: Interventions non urgentes, Attitudes, Emergency medical technician, Paramedic, Role, Role conflict, Non urgent interventions, Attitudes, Burnout
Une rhétorique du dérèglement : représentation de la fureur dans Roland de Philippe Quinault et Jean-Baptiste Lully

This dissertation addresses the representation of fury in Jean-Baptiste Lully and Philippe Quinault’s 1685 opera, Roland. It seeks to define the rhetorical means through which fury is conveyed on the classical stage of the second half of the XVIIth century, whether they be found in the music, text or staging. The first chapter considers the mythological figures of fury in a historical perspective, from ancient origins to the famous Orlando furioso and its numerous reinterpretations in the French dramatic repertoire, therefore gathering the basis of the topic of fury. This section also addresses the development of the aesthetics of fury, and its relation to the sublime ideal of classical expression.   Guided by the idea of performance and of its effects on the audience, the second chapter studies Roland’s wrath in a rhetorical perspective. Following the traditional rhetorical divisions – inventio, dispositio, elocutio and actio –, the study of this scene shows that dynamics of contrast and balance between strength and softness lie at the core of the rhetoric of disturbance which conducts the representation of fury.

Keyphrases: Jean-Baptiste Lully, Philippe Quinault, Anger, Disorder, Fury, French Baroque Opera, Music Tragedy, Rhetoric, Seventeenth Century French Theater
Évaluation préliminaire de l’efficacité de la duloxétine dans le déficit de l’attention chez l’adulte : essai randomisé contrôlé

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly recognized in adults. Stimulants are first-line treatment options but can be ineffective, poorly tolerated or contraindicated in some patients. For these patients, non-stimulants can be an interesting option; however, this heterogeneous class has been insufficiently studied. This thesis presents the results of a pilot study. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, thirty adults with ADHD received either placebo or duloxetine 60 mg daily for 6 weeks. The Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) and the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) were chosen to assess symptom severity and clinical improvement. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were used to measure the effect on anxiety and depressive symptoms. In summary, the duloxetine group showed a lower score on CGI-Severity at week 6, greater improvement on CGI-Improvement and greater decreases on multiple subscales of the CAARS. There was no treatment group effect on HDRS or HARS scores. Tolerability was an issue with participants in the duloxetine group and the dose titration schedule chosen in this study should be revised. This is the first clinical trial of duloxetine in adults with ADHD. This medication seams to improve symptoms in this condition but further studies are required to replicate these findings in larger samples of ADHD adults.

Keyphrases: cymbalta, non-stimulant, ADHD, adult, treatment, duloxetine, antidepressant
Élaboration d’un modèle d’article de dictionnaire de collocations du lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire pour l’aide à la rédaction de textes scientifiques

This research is the first step in the development of a collocations dictionary of “lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire” (LST), which is similar to the academic vocabulary, a collocations dictionary conceived to help students or researchers in scientific or academic writing, regardless of their field. In this research, we first developed two original models of dictionary articles which provide access to collocations of nouns and verbs characteristic of LST. Secondly, the models are used to describe a sample of nominal terms: analyse, caractéristique, figure, hypothèse, rapport, and résultat; and verbal terms: décrire, and étudier. The models developed in this thesis offer a convenient access to LST collocations in writing context. The advantage of these models is to propose a coherent organization of the lexicon in syntactic and semantic terms. In addition, they are made to present the LST terms in different contexts, which may contribute to the development of lexical competence.

Keyphrases: Dictionary, Collocation, Collocation, Cooccurrence, Cooccurrence, Lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire, Academic vocabulary, Academic writing, Scientific writing, Vocabulary, Lexical competence, Vocabulary teaching and learning, Lexicography
Immersion professionnelle et intégration en emploi des immigrants : l’exemple du PRIIME (Programme d’aide à l’intégration des immigrants et des minorités visibles en emploi)

Skilled immigrants are currently facing a number of obstacles on the Quebec labour market. Amongst the most notable is the “lack of Quebec work experience”; as often brought up by employers. Professional immersion programs such as the Employment Integration Program for Immigrants and Visible Minorities (PRIIME), put forth by Emploi-Québec, targets this barrier and gives immigrants a chance at a local experience in their field of qualification.  This research therefore aims to examine to what extent professional immersion programs such as PRIIME allow for a better integration of skilled immigrants within their field and, whether or not this integration continues subsequent to the end of the subsidy. A qualitative approach will help better understand the different perspectives of employers, immigrants and stakeholders of the PRIIME.  It has been found that the participation of immigrants in the PRIIME reduces the degree of deskilling in employment, but not deskilling as a whole. It does allow immigrants to find an employment within their field of training. However, this employment remains below their qualifications. The PRIIME also allows for employment-retention, but the effect observed is based on the short-term. What is more, participation in the PRIIME does not allow the immigrant to counter integration barriers and obstacles mainly due to the fact that the four principal components of the PRIIME are rarely all used within a company. Finally, if applied in a paradigm of Transitional Labour Markets, participation in PRIIME represents a "positive transition” for immigrants that allows for better integration in the long run.  In sum, we conclude that the PRIIME reduces the degree of deskilling of immigrants by facilitating entry into a position within their original field of training. However, the program fails to take into account the level of education of the immigrants. PRIIME or not, immigrants will often be forced to start over their careers.

Keyphrases: Immigration, emploi, Québec, professional integration, employment, public policy, deskilling
Impact de l’âge sur les effets de la caféine sur la vigilance chez les sujets jeunes et d’âge moyen

The availability and psychoactive properties of caffeine make it one of the most widely consumed behaviourally active substances in the world. The capacity of caffeine to increase vigilance relies on its antagonist action on adenosine receptors. Aging is associated with changes in the mechanisms regulating vigilance, possibly through changes in the adenosinergic system which could in turn affect eh influence of caffeine. While extensive research identified the impacts of caffeine on vigilance in young populations, few studies have investigated the effects in an older population. Two experimental protocols which can highlight the differential effects of caffeine according to age were elaborated. The first study estimated the effects of 200 mg of caffeine on vigilance, compared with a placebo, in young and middle-aged subjects during 25 hours of sleep deprivation. Caffeine increased subjective and psychomotor measures similarly in young and middle-aged subjects. However, modifications of the spectral power in some frequencies bands after caffeine ingestion were specific to the middle-aged group. The second study focused on the effects of 200 mg of caffeine on vigilance, compared with a placebo, in young and middle-aged light caffeine consumers. Caffeine did not increase subjective alertness in light consumers but enhanced psychomotor performance similarly in both age groups. Furthermore, caffeine affected waking EEG spectral power in specific frequencies bands in the middle-aged group only. In conclusion, these results suggest that caffeine enhance vigilance when basal level of alertness is either high or low. Furthermore, light consumers show effects of caffeine on subjective vigilance but not on objective measures. In spite of an increase of alertness in both age groups, some modifications found in the waking EEG of middle-aged subjects suggest a differential effect of caffeine depending on age. It is possible to hypothesize that changes in the adenosinergic system occur during aging and these changes could explain our results.

Keyphrases: Vigilance, Caffeine, Vigilance, Ageing, Wake-sleep cycle, Adenosine
La Junte des Philippines de Goya (1815) : regard sur le pouvoir colonial espagnol et le capitalisme financier

This thesis is a study of Francisco Goya’s imposing painting The Assembly of the Royal Company of the Philippines, more commonly known as The Junta of the Philippines (1815). It seeks to remove the work from the isolation in which previous studies have largely kept it confined and to situate it at the core of the global artistic and economic nexus that marked the early nineteenth century.  My account is informed by a historical approach that is anchored in current postcolonial theory. By inverting the painting’s perspective, to open it from the assembly room onto the Spanish Empire, I place the work at the centre of a rich web of global relationships that link the metropole and its colonies. Seen in this light, the Junta of the Philippines evinces a particular point of view of the Spanish Empire in decline.  Far from being closed in on itself, the work articulates a series of themes that respond to the artistic demands of the time, namely those of the liberal bourgeoisie. Goya’s depiction of a meeting of stockholders expounds a particular visual conception of British and Spanish merchant and financial capitalism. The artistic intrigue that Goya weaves in The Junta of the Philippines reverberates on a broad historical scale that confirms the painting’s present-day relevance.

Keyphrases: Art history, 19th century – Spain, Royal Company of the Philippines, Colonial imaginary, Liberal bourgeoisie, Finance room
Rôle de la voie PGD2/L-PGDS dans la physiopathologie de l’arthrose

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease world wide, because of its higher socioeconomic impact it is one of the most studied joint diseases. The aims of these studies was to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of osteaarthritis. Previous studies have mainly focused on the involvement of prostaglandin (E2) PGE2 in contrast to PGD2 in the pathogenesis osteoarthritis as such the role of PGD2 remains unclear. In this thesis we examined the involvment of PGD2 in the pathogenesis of OA.  In the first part of our work, we showed that in a dose dependent manner PGD2 decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)–induced mettalloproteases (MMP-1) and MMP-13 expression both at protein and mRNA levels by supression of their promoter activity. The inhibitory effect was exerted via the D prostanoid receptor (DP1) and mediated  through the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signalling pathway. Although human chondrocytes do express the Chemoattractant Receptor Expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) the latter were not implicated in the inhibiton of MMP-1 and MMP-13. In the second part of our work, we showed the expression of prostaglandin D synthases (PGDS) responsible for the biosynthesis of PGD2 in human chondrocytes, with higher  levels of mRNA expression of lipocaline type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) in OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage. IL-1β may be responsible for this increase via the activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), as well as the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).  Together, these data indicate that modulation of the levels of PGD2 at the joint may be provided with an important therapeutic potential. L-PGDS in turn seems to have an important role in the pathogenesis of OA.

Keyphrases: Osteoarthritis, Cartilage, Cartilage, Chondrocyte, Chondrocyte, Catabolism, IL-1β, IL-1β, MMP1, MMP-1, MMP-13, MMP-13, Prostaglandins, PGD2, PGD2, H-PGDS, H-PGDS, L-PGDS, L-PGDS
Reconstitution paléo-écologique et contexte magnéto-stratigraphique de la forêt fossile de l'île Bylot (Nunavut)

The project focuses on the paleo-ecological reconstitution of a fossil forest environment found on a plateau on the southwest part of Bylot Island, in the Canadian Arctic. The objectives were 1) to describe the chrono-stratigraphy of the site; 2) to establish a list and the succession of different pollen taxa found in organic and inorganic fossil units of the site; 3) to estimate their age and 4) to infer the past climatic conditions of the site. Several stratigraphic cuts were excavated and sampled for stratigraphic, paleomagnetic and pollen analyses. Also, a differential GPS was used to characterise the stratigraphic units associated with the organic fossil units at a small and large scale. Results of the granulometric analysis suggest the following deposition sequence starting from a depression in the bedrock (tertiary shale): 1) a glacial diamicton with local clasts; 2) a silty sediment of glacio-lacustrine origin; 3) an organic peat unit; 4) an alluvial type unit; 5) a fluvio-glacial sediment and 6) a glacial diamicton of allochtone origin. The pollen analyses suggest vegetation similar to that of the current tree-line limit, situated about 2000 km south of the site. The climatic conditions were warmer and more humid, allowing the local growth of pines (Pinus type strobus and banksiana), spruce (Picea cf. mariana), alder (Alnus type crispa and incana) and larch (Larix, undifferentiated). Paleomagnetic analyses and the presence of extinct species finally suggest an age for the organic fossil deposits of between 2,14 and 2,15 My or most likely between 2,581 and 3,040 My.

Keyphrases: Plio-Pleistocene, Stratigraphy, Paleomagnetism, Palynology, Fossil vegetation, Bylot Island
Le revenu de citoyenneté : entre émancipation et assujettissement. L'exemple du Basic Income Grant en Namibie

The political, social and economic development of a society depends on its ability to rethink its social ties. To contribute significantly to the production of meaning, the State may develop tools, among which redistribution mechanisms, capable of ensuring solidarity and social cohesion. The challenge may be greater for some countries − such as Namibia, whose history is marked by colonialism and the period of apartheid, which it freed itself of about twenty years ago − that are built around a logic of unequal separation of rights and resources. Based on our study of the implementation of the Basic Income Grant (BIG) pilot project in a Namibian village between 2007 and 2009, this paper proposes to explore the contribution of the concept of empowerment, within a basic guaranteed income project, as a tool for deconstructing these unequal structures. After describing different views of poverty, wealth and development, we will address the issue of basic guaranteed income and the role it can play in different social protection systems. Then we will try to better understand the concept of empowerment before finally focusing on our central question: does the BIG project actually enable emancipation or, conversely, does it strengthen the feelings of dependency and powerlessness experienced by the small isolated community living in extremely precarious conditions? To find an answer to this question, interviews have been conducted with 15 participants: members of the small community of Otjivero, Namibian stakeholders involved in the initiative from the beginning; and representatives from the government. Analyses of these results are presented in the final part of the paper.

Keyphrases: Empowerment, Namibia, Basic guaranteed income, Basic Income Grant project (BIG), Social and economic development, Poverty
A (dis)play of traces : trauma, witnessing, and the poetics of implication

This thesis will provide a comparative analysis of the poetics of traumatic hindsight and the literary devices that three texts - Anne Michaels’s Fugitive Pieces, Linda Hogan’s Solar Storms, and Toni Morrison’s Beloved– utilize to signify the necessity of a retrospective gaze towards the atrocious past. The thesis investigates the ways in which each text negotiates the fragmentation that characterizes the traumatic aftermath, particularly as a result of the incomplete nature of traumatic history inscribed as absence of knowledge. It also explores the positioning of such a past within an intersubjective context, which goes beyond the simple individual plight to comprehend the need to be an ethically responsible agent of remembrance in the present. A central aspect of this study is thus the focus on how memory and witnessing are deeply entwined with the linguistic, which, by imploding into the poetic, offers the possibility of reconciling the imaginative intervention with the (obliquely) referential.

Keyphrases: Trauma, Return, Witnessing, Poetics, Transmission, Language, Memory, Ethics, Trauma, Transmission
Télé/visions : les intellectuels canadiens-français et l'avènement de la télévision (1952-1962)

This analysis examines the perception of the arrival of television (1952-1962) from the perspective of French-canadian intellectuals. At this moment in history, the Québec province's political party was the well-established Union nationale of Maurice Duplessis who seems unreplacable in the 1950s. Meanwhile, the Catholic church maintains control over the French-canadian society. Especially its ideologies. In this climate, intellectual discordance with these two powers often leads to marginalization. For various reasons, the television, espacially the Société Radio-Canada (SRC), are not subject to these constraints.  A new media, everything must be created for "alimenter le monstre", as has already been said. If the English equivalent of the CBC can buy programs in the international market, the French television world is embryonic. The SRC Montreal antenna fnds itself in autarkic situation and must rely on the ressources of French Canada to create its news and entertainment programs . A challenge awaits the frsts artisans of french-canadian television.  In this context, how did the French-Canadian intellectuals perceive the coming of television? This study attempts to provide some answers while taking into consideration the ideology of the intellectuals.

Keyphrases: television, french-canadian intellectuals, ideologies, french-canadian diaspora, televisual education
Étude de l'impact de combinaisons d'acides gras et de l'insuline sur la fonctionnalité des cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires

Atherosclerosis is closely linked to type 2 diabetes. High plasmatic concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) and insulin are common features in patients suffering from both diseases. FFA, present in our diet, are part of the environment to which body cells are exposed. Their effects are dependent of their nature, being harmful for saturated fatty acids (SFA) and more protective for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). They can have therefore various effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) implicated throughout the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of two FFA combinations on VSMC viability, whether or not in a hyperinsulinemic condition. Both combinations contained the same FFA but in different proportions, one being richer in SFA and the other in MUFA. Our results showed that FFA combinations have a pro-apoptotic impact, mainly due to SFA. However, the presence of oleic acid in the combinations attenuated this effect. Furthermore, oleic acid had the capacity to reduce more strongly VSMC apoptosis when combined with a SFA than when used alone, although only under specific FFA ratios. This impact is even more effective in presence of insulin. These results highlight the presence of a competition between anti- and pro-apoptotic mechanisms dependent of FFA ratios (SFA vs. MUFA) and insulinemia to which are exposed VSMC. They also underline the importance of the presence of MUFA such as oleic acid in diets rich in SFA and could be useful for the development of new diets adapted to atherosclerotic and diabetic patients.

Keyphrases: Insuline, Free fatty acids, Vascular smooth muscle cells, Insulin, Apoptosis, Cell viability, Atherosclerosis, Type 2 diabetes