NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
«Le territoire c'est la valeur» : analyse des changements économiques et cosmologiques chez les Innus d'Unamen Shipu

From a three months ethnographic fieldwork among the Innu of Unamen Shipu, this research proposes an analysis of the economic changes lived by the Innu since the arrival of Europeans. By using the concepts of mode of production, value and person, I propose an analytical model of three modes of production to grasp the transformations of Innu society: the traditional mode of production, the trapping mode of production and the capitalist mode of production. From this model, I am exploring three field of analysis: the interaction between the modes of production, territorial consciousness and the relationship between cosmology and changes. The principal hypothesis proposed are the following: 1. There was an emergence of a territorial consciousness for itself; 2. Wage work is now the basis of the contemporary subsistence of the Innu but the traditional mode of production is still mobilized in the production of persons; and 3. Cosmology permitted the Innu to reflect and to act upon their historical trajectory.

Keyphrases: autochtones, Innu, Unamen Shipu, anthropology, ethnography, indigenous peoples, first nations, mode of production, value, change, cosmology, territory
Vers une universalité des émotions : analyse de la capacité émotionnelle des vertébrés et invertébrés

Studies of emotions in vertebrates, especially in mammals, are abundant and well documented. While researchers have expressed a growing interest to study emotions in invertebrates, they generally attract less attention. Although they account for 97% of the animal kingdom, the nature and functions of emotions in invertebrates have been largely overlooked (Willmer, 1990). By relating the rare studies that have been carried out by researchers, this thesis is meant as an attempt to dispel the doubts surrounding the existence of emotions in invertebrates by essentially two means: firstly, by studying emotions as central emotional states or emotion primitives, devoid of the subjective dimension as a defining feature of emotional process; and secondly, by analyzing the neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters and hormones, together with the behavioral patterns typically linked to emotions as a whole. Through this new conceptualization of emotions, our findings suggest that the neural correlates of emotions in vertebrates and invertebrates are possibly the result of a common evolution, which would have diverged millions of years ago. Thus, we promote emotion states as innate and universal throughout the animal kingdom.

Keyphrases: neurosciences affectives, Biological anthropology, Emotion, Central emotional state, Affective neuroscience, Neuroanthropology, Emotional system, Invertebrate, Evolution, Social behavior
Les ententes sur les répercussions et avantages et le consentement autochtone en matière de développement minier : le cas de l’entente Mecheshoo

In Canada, the social acceptability of mining activities has become a fundamental element, in the eyes of the public and international financial markets, in order to assess the legitimacy of a project. This change in the mining sector reflects the international recognition of the Indigenous right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC). Indigenous consent is becoming an essential element in the planning and acceptance of extractive projects, forcing the mining industry to negotiate agreements with Indigenous communities. Impact Benefit Agreements (IBAs) have become an important mechanism in Canada to minimize the legal and political uncertainty surrounding mining projects. This paper examines whether or not these agreements allow the expression of Indigenous consent that is free, prior and informed, and if so, under what circumstances. To do this, we will be looking into an agreement that seems to meet, at first glance, the expectations of the concerned Indigenous community, namely the Mecheshoo agreement between Diamonds Stornoway (Canada) Inc., the Cree Nation of Mistissini and the Grand Council of the Crees. An analysis of the process that led to this agreement allows us to conclude that IBAs can effectively address Indigenous concerns and allow the expression of consent, but only in very specific circumstances. In fact, the success of the Mecheshoo agreement rests largely on two elements: firstly, the choice of the mining company to adopt an approach based on conciliation and dialogue with the local populations in order to avoid conflicts; and secondly, the institutional capacity of the James Bay Cree. As O'Faircheallaigh (2016) argues, the key to success in IBA negotiations depends largely on the institutional capacity and political cohesion of Indigenous communities, allowing them not only to establish a balance of power with mining companies, but also to express, where appropriate, a consent that is truly prior, free and informed.

Keyphrases: Obligation de consulter, Aboriginal peoples, Impact and benefit agreements, Duty to consult, Consent, Impact assessment, Mining development, Social acceptability
Validité de la Batterie Rapide d’Efficience Frontale (BREF) comme mesure prédictive de la récupération suite à un traumatisme craniocérébral

Background: The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) has been shown to be useful in several clinical settings. The aim of the present study was to examine the performance of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the FAB and to predict their acute outcome. Methods: The FAB was administered to eighty-nine patients with mild (27=uncomplicated and 39=complicated) and moderate (n=23) TBI during hospitalization in acute care setting. The length of stay in days (LOS), the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Revised score (GOSE) and the Disability Rating Scale (DRS) scores were collected. Results. Results showed no significant differences between the three groups but age and education were significantly associated with the FAB score. Parietal lesions were associated with lower performances on the total FAB score, similarities, motor series and conflicting instructions subscales, while frontal lesions were associated with lower performance on the motor series and conflicting instructions subscales. Total FAB score was significantly correlated with all outcome measures and together the FAB total score and the Glasgow Coma Scale score explained 30.8% of the variance in the DRS score. Conclusion. The FAB may be useful clinically to acutely assess frontal and parietal lobe functions at bedside in patients with TBI and can enable clinicians to predict early outcome.

Keyphrases: Traumatic brain injury, Executive functions, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Acute care, Neuropsychology, Outcome
Les enfants de trois à cinq ans présumés victimes d’agression sexuelle : un portrait de leur témoignage en fonction du type de questions de l’enquêteur

The present study looks into the association between the types of questions used by interviewers and the number of details obtained among preschoolers during an investigative interview. An innovative aspect of this study concerns the analysis of question subtypes (eg. open-ended directive and closed-ended). Analysis of variance were carried out on 55 NICHD interview protocols conducted among children aged three to five years old who disclosed an episode of sexual abuse. Findings reveal that interviewers’ style is in accordance with best practices in conducting investigative interviews with children allegedly victims of sexual abuse. As expected, there are more details in answers: 1) provided by older children compared to younger counterparts; 2) following invitations compared to all other question types. However, the analysis of question subtypes has shown that answers given to an open-ended question using cues (cued invitations or directive open-ended) obtained more details concerning the incident compared to the absence of cues (general invitations). These findings support the fact that children as young as three years old are able to produce informative responses when questioned appropriately about the CSA incident and propose reconsidering the types of question that should mainly be used with them. Findings suggest that the use of open-ended questions, using a cue previously mentioned in the testimony of the child, helps provide a detailed account during an investigative interview conducted among preschoolers allegedly victims of sexual abuse.

Keyphrases: Child, Preschoolers, Question types, Forensic interview, Sexual abuse, Testimony, Clinical psychology
Le transfert de connaissances en santé publique : formation de la relève pour une intervention de réadaptation par les arts

Objectives : To evaluate the implementation, processes and perceived efficacy of a pilot project of knowledge transfer in public health, which involves training/supervision of new practitioners in an art-based rehabilitation program. This innovative evidence-based intervention seek to promote the well-being of youth with mental disorders through circus and theater workshops. The purpose of this study is to provide a formative evaluation of this pilot project in order to improve the intervention and the knowledge transfer practices in public health.  Methods : This research is based on a participatory and mixed approach, with a “triangulation-convergence” design, integrating a thematic analysis of qualitative data (semi-structured interviews and Focus Groups), a descriptive analysis of quantitative data (questionnaire of reaction) and a documentary compliance analysis (grid of activity monitoring).  Results : The results show that the knowledge transfer strategy has resulted in the training of practitioners who feel ready to take charge of the project, despite implementation gaps. The main barrier was the prolonged and unforeseen absence of project leaders, for reasons out of their control, but the motivation and commitment of the team members acted as a catalyst in this pilot project, which became a setting for discussion and experimentation of the knowledge transfer strategy. Conclusion : This study demonstrates the benefits of adopting a participatory approach and mixed method in the evaluation of knowledge transfer in public health, which would better capture the inherent complexity of social interventions.

Keyphrases: Clinical psychology, Art-based interventions, Knowledge transfer, Program evaluation, Implementation assessment, Public health
Quatre fiches pour ludifier les fondements du nouveau Référentiel de l'ACRL

Four tools designed to engage students, synthesize their learning and develop their autonomy: a barometer to evaluate their sources, programs to blog their research and to use with Wikipedia, and a self-assessment and recognition of prior learning sheet. I explain their pedagogical concepts and how they are used in and out of training.

Keyphrases: ACRL Framework, Ludification, Gamification, Scholarly character sheet
Traductions constructives du projet d'architecture : théoriser le détail à l'ère de la modélisation intégrative

This thesis focuses on the transfer of architectural designs from figuration to construction, both as a problematic, theoretically and historically anchored in the discipline, and as a practical problem faced by architects in the context of the digital inflexions of design methodologies. The hypothesis of translations from drawing to building (Evans, 1986), predicates a heuristic function to the distance between drawing and building established by this transfer for architectural creation processes. This hypothesis is unfolded by means of an analogical parallel between architectural design and literary translation, so as to draw on the German translation theories of the Romantic era (Berman, 1984) in order to think out the creative potentials of this transfer within the disciplinary field of architecture. The historical approach to this problematic leans on the construing of two modern theoretical principles, tectonics (Frampton, 1995) and built form as representation (Levine, 2009), pointing out possible ways an architect may deal with the gaps between drawing and building manifested through this transfer. Details are the main architects’ tools to both anticipate the built form and to prescribe the building process. Consequently, a pragmatic approach to the transfer of architectural designs in professional practices must be based on those indicators of constructional tenses. The building translation hypothesis is tested through two case studies comprising projects from Montreal-based firm Chevalier Morales Architectes, and Paris-based firm Jakob+MacFarlane. The translations identified throughout the genesis of these projects bring to light some updates of the modern theories of the detail, as it becomes a category of architectural digital design.

Keyphrases: Chevalier Morales Architectes, Jakob+MacFarlane, Architectural design, Construction history and theories, Translation, Details, Tectonics, Building information modeling
Expliquer les écarts de santé mentale entre les hommes et les femmes en emploi : l’effet du genre

This doctoral thesis aims to explain the psychological distress gap between working men and women. Drawing on Pearlin’s “Stress Process” theory, Karasek’s demands-control-support model, Siegrist’s effort-reward model, Marchand’s theory on the multilevel determinants of workers’ mental health, and the gender-relational approach, the thesis verifies three hypotheses. The first is the exposure hypothesis, which posits that women exhibit greater psychological distress because they are not exposed to the same stressors and do not have access to the same resources as men. The second is the vulnerability hypothesis, according to which women and men are not affected by the same stressors. The third is the expression hypothesis, which suggests that a given stressor may prompt distinct responses in women and in men, with women tending more strongly to express their emotional suffering through psychological distress and men being more inclined to at-risk alcohol use. These hypotheses will be explored using a model that (1) incorporates a series of stressors relating to work, family life, and work-family conflict, as well as psychosocial resources that may play a role in these mechanisms, and (2) views work-family conflict as a mediator between stressors, psychosocial resources and mental health. These hypotheses were tested via a multilevel path analysis based on the SALVEO sample of 2026 Canadian workers from 63 workplaces who were interviewed between 2009 and 2012. The results for each hypothesis are presented in the form of scientific articles intended for publication. The analytical results empirically support the three mechanisms by which gender influences the psychological distress difference found between employed women and men. The exposure hypothesis emerges as the key mechanism involved in this inequality, whereas the vulnerability and expression hypotheses play a more marginal role. As the analyses show, each mechanism iv brings into play specific gendered stressors and psychosocial resources. Moreover, the mediating effect of work-family conflict is observed for all three hypotheses. These results call for a systematic consideration of all three mechanisms in order to better identify the processes leading to the psychological distress gap across a given population of workers. They further underscore the importance of taking into account both directions of workfamily conflict as well as psychosocial resources.

Keyphrases: Mental health inequalities, Psychological distress, Gender, Inequalities between women and men, Workers, Work, Family, Work-family conflict, Mental health determinants, Multilevel path analysis
L'évaluation en contexte interculturel: les processus de prise de décision des professionnelles des services de la protection de la jeunesse

Context: For child protection services (CPS), the rising number of immigrant families implies encounters with practices, values and norms that might be different from those shared by members of the majority. Despite growing concerns about adapting social services to the specific needs of racialized children and families, scant attention has been paid to the methods child protection workers use with these families. This thesis looks at how caseworkers carry out the decision-making processes with racialized families. The objectives stem from this and aim: a) to identify the factors that influence the decision-making processes, including those that belong to the organization, the individuals and the field and b) to analyze the praxis (reflexivity and actions) that underlie the decision-making processes during the evaluation. Methods: The methodology of Grounded Theory (GT) was chosen because of its capacity to let the most pertinent themes emerge without any pre-existing theoretical framework. The data was gathered in three different waves in order to facilitate the back and forth between data collection and analysis. Semi-structured interviews (n=18) and a knowledge exchange forum were conducted with caseworkers and managers affiliated with an evaluation team in youth protection agencies from Montreal metropolitan areas. Results: Analysis identified six factors that influence the decision-making processes in an intercultural context: 1) time pressure, 2) the caseworkers and racialized families’ attitudes, 3) the conflicting roles of evaluation, 4) the feeling of not being ready for the job expressed by the caseworkers, 5) some aspects of diversity under tension and 6) the type of maltreatment at stake. The connection of those factors supported the development of a theory about the agency via the “shades of practice”. The agency via shades of practice refers to the individual styles, values and preferences highlighted by caseworkers, personal features that are unique and reknown compared with coworkers. Ultimately, the theory of agency via shades of practice shows the contextual and relational aspects of decision-making processes within an intercultural context. Impacts: The understanding of the decision-making processes in an intercultural context spur to consider the encounters between racialized families and youth protection caseworkers as a microcosm of Québec’s society. It also acknowledges the skills deployed by caseworkers while highlighting some challenges like the lack of contextualization and the variability between decision-making processes by caseworkers from the same team. The thesis provides support for anti-oppressive approaches in CPS and actions to better serve racialized families.

Keyphrases: Interculturalisme, Decision-making, Interculturalism, Child protection services, Racialized families, Ethics, Professional practices
Preliminary validation of a group therapy for individuals with psychosis and childhood trauma histories using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has shown effectiveness for individuals with psychosis and individuals with a history of childhood trauma, but has not been investigated with people with psychosis who also have a history of childhood trauma. The larger study was broken into two articles. The first article looks at the potential effectiveness of ACT for those who had a history of trauma and psychosis. The second article sought to increase our understanding of the impact of trauma on ACT treatment. Specifically, we wanted to determine if there are specific profiles of individuals who responded differently to the treatment, based on several variables: severity of trauma, mindfulness, attachment and number of sessions attended. Fifty participants meeting our inclusion criteria were recruited and randomized to take part in either 8 sessions of ACT group, or to be on a waiting list for the ACT group (i.e., treatment as usual group). Results: Using RCA (random coefficient analyses) it was found that symptom severity, for both overall symptoms and anxiety, decreased over the course of the treatment, and participants' ability to regulate their emotional reactions (i.e., accept them) increased. The study also found that treatment compliance increased with regards to help-seeking for those in the ACT group, compared with the wait-list controls. The second study found that trauma severity did not moderate the effectiveness of ACT on symptom severity, participants' ability to regulate their emotional reactions or treatment compliance with regards to help-seeking. In addition, clusters analyses revealed that there were three different profiles when looking at how much clients benefitted from ACT treatment groups (between pre and post-treatment). The differences between clusters were all clinically relevant. Avoidant attachment style and number of sessions predicted belonging to the different clusters or profiles. For instance, those in Profile 1 and 3 attended an average of 2 sessions more than Profile 2, which may explain why participants included in Profile 2 were found to change the least in terms of the four outcomes. ACT offered in a group appears a promising treatment for those with psychosis and history of trauma regardless of symptom severity.

Keyphrases: Trauma, ACT, Psychosis, Attachment, Compliance, Mindfulness, Acceptance commitment therapy
Vers un modèle de l'ajustement social des personnes avec un diagnostic de schizophrénie: le rôle de la cognition, des symptômes, de la perception des émotions, de l'attribution des intentions et des habiletés sociales

Problems of social functioning are a dominant feature of schizophrenia. Studies have found deficits in cognitive functioning (verbal memory, visual information processing and vigilance) and in social cognition in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Behaviorally, symptoms and social skills are associated with social functioning. The results of the studies can be grouped into a model proposal of adjustment in social relationships. Several studies link social and non-social cognition variables with domains of social adjustment that involve little, if any, social relationships directly. To date, few studies have attempted to group the relevant cognitive and behavioral variables into a predictive model of social adjustment. Moreover, most of the instruments used to measure the perception of emotions do not use stimuli derived directly from the daily life of the subjects. The present thesis aims to study the relationships between cognitive, social and non-social variables, and behavioral variables such as symptoms and social skills in predicting adjustment in the social relationships of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Twenty-eight patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and living in the community and 22 without psychiatric diagnosis participated in the study reported in this thesis. All subjects passed a cognitive test battery (verbal memory, visual information processing and vigilance). Social cognition has been measured by the perception of facial emotions and the attribution of intentions. Social skills and symptoms (psychopathology) and adjustment in social relationships were assessed among all participants. Mediation and multiple regression analyzes were performed. Verbal memory emerges as a predictor of adjustment in social relations and the perception of emotions has an indirect mediating role in this effect. Negative symptoms and social skills have direct associations with adjustment in social relationships. Significant results were observed only in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and not in subjects without a psychiatric diagnosis. This makes it possible to document the singular character of cognitive functioning in relation to social adjustment in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The role and relevance of each of the variables in the proposed model are discussed, in particular, according to the theoretical implications for studying the variables explaining adjustment in social relationships for patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Keyphrases: schizophrenia, social adjustment, facial emotion perception, social cognition, non social cognition, social skills