NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Les effets de l’insécurité de l’emploi sur la santé des employés et le rôle du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle : allié ou ennemi?

The first objective of this research is to study the effects of job insecurity on employee health. Job insecurity has been studied as a resource that is under constant threat. Sometimes these threats are personal interpretations that may not result in dismissal, but still cause high levels of stress among employees. The second objective concerns studying how to repair this situation. We are interested in the role of the self-efficacy. This trait of personality can be used as a positive resource to put in place to eliminate, if not mitigate, the consequences of job insecurity in the health. In order to determine these associations, we have linked a model that consists in identifying the way in which individuals perceive a threat in their environment (differential exposure) and the way that they produce the responses in order to deal with the stressor (differential reactivity). We used a secondary database collected using an electronic survey in which 310 Brazilian employees, average age 39 years and over 10 years of professional experience, participated voluntarily and anonymously. The results showed that job insecurity is indeed a stressor that produces several health problems. However, employees with a high level of personal self-efficacy respond to job insecurity differently from employees with low personal self-efficacy. Therefore, workers with a high level of personal self-efficacy are less affected by job insecurity. While the employees with a low level of personal self-efficacy, the results indicate that the more job insecurity increases, the worse the overall health conditions the employees have

Keyphrases: stress, Job insecurity, self-efficacy, differential exposure, differential reactivity, conservation of resources theory, health
Le rôle des horaires atypiques, du conflit travail-famille, de l’autorité décisionnelle et des demandes psychologiques sur la santé mentale des travailleurs au Canada

The changes in the world of work due to globalization are mainly for the benefit of the effectiveness and efficiency of enterprises. These changes, which also affect the work organization, are not without effects on the health of workers. This thesis focuses on the effect of non-standard work schedules on the mental health of workers. Its objectives are 1) to study the association between non-standard schedules and mental health problems among workers; and 2) to explore the effect of work-family conflict, psychological demands, and decision latitude on workers' mental health. This study is based on a sample of 2,162 participants from the SALVEO survey, which is one of the most important mental health studies conducted in Canada. Preliminary, descriptive analyses were conducted in order to draw up a portrait of the study population and compare the prevalence of mental health problems among workers. In order to refute or confirm the hypotheses put forward, bivariate correlation and logistic regression analyses were carried out.  All analyses were performed using version 25 of the SPSS software.  The results showed us that non-standard schedules have no direct effect on the mental health of workers. However, people working non-standard schedules are at greater risk of developing mental health problems compared to those working standard schedules. Work-family conflict and psychological demands tend to increase the risk of developing mental health problems, while decision-making latitude has the opposite effect.

Keyphrases: Atypical work-schedule, Work-family conflict, Decision latitude, Psychological demands, Mental health
Lieu de travail basé sur l’activité : une étude de cas dans le secteur des services financiers

As the world of work is constantly evolving, the use of new information and communication technologies allows the adoption of new ways of working, more flexible solutions, that provide organizations with many benefits, such as financial, organizational and environmental benefits. As working life is more digital, informal, flexible and mobile than ever before, many organizations have adopted new ways of working such as the Activity-based flexible office. The activity-based flexible office is characterized by the openness of the work environment, the flexible use of activity-related workspaces, workstation sharing (unassigned workstation) and the use of information and communication technologies. Although many researches focus on new ways of working, there is little research on the influence of the activity-based flexible office on the well-being, satisfaction, motivation and performance of employees. This study aims to explore the effects of such a workplace at the individual level. Several questions arise. Do employees working in an activity-based flexible office have a higher level of well-being at work? Are they more satisfied? Are they more motivated? Do they perform better? In an attempt to answer these questions, this study is inspired by the theoretical model of Wohlers and Hertel (2017). This model illustrates, among other things, the consequences that an activity-based flexible office has on work at the individual level. The research consists of a case study of a financial institution that has redeveloped its premises and now offers an open-plan layout with unassigned workstations to allow employees to choose the location of their choice according to the nature of the work to be done. Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with key employees. The research results indicate that the activity-based flexible office has positive effects at the individual level. Thus, in general, the results highlight that this form of work organization has positive effects on the well-being, satisfaction, motivation and performance of employees.

Keyphrases: Satisfaction, Motivation, Performance, Activity-based flexible office, Financial institution, Effects on work at the individual level, Well-being
Caractérisation des fonctions exécutives à la suite d’un traumatisme craniocérébral et liens avec le devenir fonctionnel à court terme

Context. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health issue with important consequences on daily living, especially due to cognitive impairment. This study aims to characterize the impact of TBI on executive functions (EF) in the acute recovery phase, and to explore the relation with functional outcome at discharge from hospital. Method. A total of 70 patients hospitalized for TBI who participated in an EF assessment were compared to a group of 50 patients hospitalized for traumatic injuries without TBI. Executive tasks assessing cognitive flexibility (Trail Making Test A and B; Color-Word Interference and Category Switching from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)), updating (Digit span from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; Mental Control from the Weschler Memory Scale) and inhibition (Color-Word Interference from the D-KEFS; Hayling Sentence Completion Test; Frontal Assessment Battery) were administered at bedside. Short-term functional outcome was assessed for TBI patients with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE), length of stay and destination at discharged from acute care and were then associated with executive performances. Results. TBI patients scored lower than the control group on most of the tasks. The majority of neuropsychological scores was associated with short-term functional outcome in TBI patients. Conclusions. Beyond a potential drop in performance due to being hospitalized and having been involved in an accident, TBI patients present executive weaknesses in the acute recovery phase. However, these weaknesses do not reach clinical deficit. Integrity of EF is associated with functional outcome at discharge from acute care. Furthermore, this study criticizes the relevance of certain neuropsychological measures in the assessment of EF at acute care.

Keyphrases: Inhibition, Cognition
L’effet d’une intervention musicale sur la douleur et les affects associés lors d’une pose d’implants dentaires

Background: Patients receiving dental implants placement experience mild to moderate procedural pain during surgery, despite local anesthesia and intake of a preoperative analgesic. There are also negative affects associated with this pain. During the following days, the pain continues and is treated with analgesics. Therefore, it is important to reduce this persisting perioperative pain, the negative emotional experience that accompanies it as well as consumption of analgesics with a non-pharmacological approach. In this sense, music can reduce them in various clinical populations, but to our knowledge, its effectiveness has not been studied in the context of dental implantology. Objective: The purpose of this research project was to compare the effects of listening to music and listening to an audiobook (control group) in the context of dental implant surgery on pain during surgery and associated affects, as well as pain and analgesics consumption in the days following surgery. Methodology: Twenty-eight patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the music or control (audiobook) group. Based on their assigned group, each participant chose from seven music or audiobook options. Self-reported measures were used for pain and associated affects, before and after surgery, and during the seven postoperative days. Results: Pain experienced during surgery was significantly lower for participants who listened to music during surgery than for those who listened to an audiobook. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in either pain or analgesics use during the postoperative days. Participants who listened to music felt signicantly fewer negative affects than those who listened to audiobooks. Conclusion: Listening to music reduces procedural pain and its negative affects during dental implant placement surgery. As such, it could be used in other clinical settings as a simple, affordable, non-pharmacological analgesic approach and adjuvant to pharmacological treatments already in place.

Keyphrases: intervention musicale, pain, music, musical intervention, dental implant placement, personalized care
La résistance à l’interférence proactive en situation de rejet social et le rôle de la propension au clivage

Splitting refers to a defense mechanism by which the positively and negatively charged representations of self and others are separated in order to protect oneself from several anxiety. Interpersonal stresses play a major role in triggering impulsive behaviors among individuals with a high splitting usage. However, the cognitive processes associated with the usage of splitting are unknown. Resistance to proactive interference is the ability to resist memory intrusions from irrelevant previously learned information. This cognitive ability might, thus, play an important role in regulating representations and be decreased by interpersonal stress. It is hypothesized that the resistance to proactive interference would decrease during social exclusion and this effect would be function of splitting use frequency. The sample consisted of 131 nonclinical individuals from student and general population. They completed a self-report splitting questionnaire. Then, they were randomly assigned to rejection or inclusion conditions on an interpersonal task. Finally, they performed a resistance to proactive interference task. In the rejection condition, the error rate on negative probes trials was higher than recent negative probes trials. Splitting usage did not interact with social condition in predicting the error rate in the resistance to proactive interference task. Consequently, the cognitive processes associated to splitting usage remain unknown but explanations are explored in a methodological view for future researches.

Keyphrases: Inhibition, Splitting, Resistance to proactive interference, Working memory, Personality, Defense mechanisms, Interpersonal relationships, Impulsivity, Social rejection
Mesure de l'attention visuo-spatiale dans l'espace et le temps par les potentiels reliés aux événements (PRÉ)

Event related potentials (ERP) are commonly used as a method of measuring visual attention. ERP components such as N2pc and P3 are largely considered as markers of attention deployment. In order to investigate the possibility of predicting the locus and the presence or absence of attention, a spatial cueing task was used. A cue indicated one of the four locations on which subjects had to direct their attention. The spatial cue was exclusively symbolic, implying that attention had to be oriented voluntarily. The analysis of the EEG signal which was measured as subjects carried out the task was performed using machine learning. An SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier was used to predict the presence or absence of attention at one location, using the EEG signal associated with targets and distractors. A decoding accuracy of 75% (p < 0,001) was achieved for this classification, with a chance level of 50%. A DSVM (Dendrogram SVM) was used to predict the precise locus of attention using the EEG signal linked to targets only. In this classification problem, a decoding accuracy of 51,7% (p < 0,001) was achieved, with a chance level of 25%. These results suggest that it is possible to distinguish the locus of attention from ERPs in a +/- 0,4 degrees of visual angle space with decoding accuracies considerably above chance.

Keyphrases: Attention, EEG, SVM, N2pc, SPCN, Attention spatiale, ERP, Machine Learning, Spatial attention, Visual working memory
Effet de la musique de fond sur le contrôle attentionnel : impact des variations individuelles d'anxiété

Daily, attentional control is solicited to maintain attention on a desired task and inhibit distractions. Knowingly, emotional factors are studied to further understand attentional modulation. With the omnipresence of music, and the emotions it induces, in daily activities, its impact on attentional control arises questioning. Studies exploring the effect of background music on attentional control have shown inconsistent results, supporting its effect is sometimes detrimental or null, but mostly beneficial. Differences in the emotional characteristics of music could possibly explain the inconsistent results shown in studies exploring the effect of emotions on attentional control. Additionally, individual variations in emotional states have been shown to impact attentional control capacities, namely variations in anxiety (low/high trait and state anxiety). Considering activation levels of music (stimulating/relaxing) and individual levels of anxiety (low/high) could clarify how attentional control is impacted in the daily life. This study aims explored the effect of (a) the activation levels of background music and (b) individual differences in anxiety on attentional control capacities using the Flanker task. To this aim, a low state-and-trait anxiety group and a high state-and-trait anxiety groups drawn form a non-clinical population were tested under three conditions: with presentation of stimulating and relaxing music, and in silence. For the low-anxiety group, the Flanker effect was similar between the three conditions. On the other hand, for the high-anxiety group, the Flanker effect was significantly increased with the relaxing background music compared to silence. These results suggest that the effect of background music activation levels on attentional control varies as a function of anxiety levels.

Keyphrases: Background music, Attentional control, Flanker task, Anxiety, Musical emotions
Les effets d’un effort cognitif prolongé chez des athlètes ayant subi une commotion cérébrale

Fatigue is one of the most common and persistent symptoms in concussion victims. In recent years, signs of post-concussive cognitive impairment following aerobic exertion, a form of fatigue whose cause is more physical than cognitive, have been found in both shortand long-term in student athletes. However, since these athletes evolve in a context where they must not only perform in their sport, but also at school or at work, it is worth asking whether sustained mental effort would have the same effect in this population. The objective of this study was therefore to determine whether student athletes who have suffered a concussion (HC group) feel more tired or are more likely to become mentally fatigued than those who have never suffered a concussion (ST group). Subjects were asked to complete a series of self-report questionnaires. They were also required to complete a computerized task recruiting executive functions before and after completing a one-hour reasoning test meant to simulate a school examination. Their physiological response to the task was measured using electroencephalography and a heart rate monitor. While the results do not support the original hypothesis, the groups showed significant differences in the way they responded to the task. Particularly, we found the absence of a practice effect at the easiest condition as well as a generally higher performance variability in subjects with a history of concussion. In addition, unlike the control group, those who reported greater symptoms of daily cognitive fatigue, drowsiness and depression also showed poorer task accuracy after sustained cognitive effort. These results suggest that concussions may have the effect of increasing the sensitivity of some individuals to cognitive effort. Future studies should investigate this relationship in order to confirm it and understand its causes.

Keyphrases: task-switching, concussion, cognitive fatigue, heart rate variability, pilot
L’influence de la qualité de la relation parent-enfant et du sexe sur l’apprentissage de la peur par observation chez les enfants

Observational fear learning is especially relevant during childhood, a period during which many fears develop and where the familial environment is salient. Parent-child relationship modulates fear reactions in children, but its impact on observational fear learning in the context of the familial environment has not been investigated. This master’s thesis therefore examined whether the mother-child and father-child relationship quality as well as its interaction with children’s sex influence observational fear learning. Sixty parent-child dyads were recruited. The relationship with each parent was assessed by a self-report questionnaire completed by the children (8 to 12 years old). Children first watched a video of their parent undergoing a fear conditioning procedure, where one stimulus (CS+Parent) was paired with a shock and one was presented alone (CS-). Then, children watched a video of a stranger undergoing a similar protocol except that a different stimulus was paired with the shock (CS+Stranger). Subsequently, the three stimuli were directly presented to children. Fear levels were measured by skin conductance responses. The effect of the father-child relationship quality on fear levels for the CS+Parent was moderated by children’s sex, where girls having a more secure relationship with their father exhibited lower fear levels. The mother-child relationship quality had no impact on the children’s fear levels. These results suggest that the relationship with the father influences how girls respond to fear-related stimuli within the family environment. These data highlight the existence of some protective factors that might influence the vulnerability of developing fear-related psychopathologies.

Keyphrases: attachement, observational fear conditioning, mother-child relationship quality, father-child relationship quality, attachment, sex differences, skin conductance responses, parent-child dyads
State and trait predictors of negatively toned dreams in women : a prospective investigation

Although disturbing dreams, such as bad dreams and nightmares, are experienced at least occasionally by a majority of adults, the factors involved in the night-by-night occurrence of these dreams remain unclear. Using a prospective design and multilevel modeling, we investigated the interactive impact of state and trait factors on the nightly occurrence of disturbing dreams. We further explored the extent to which emotionally intense and negative everyday dream content was affected by the same variables. Adult women completed measures of personality and psychopathology followed by up to four weeks of daily dream logs, daily pre-sleep anxiety logs, and weekly perceived stress inventories. After controlling for dream recall, upsurges in weekly perceived stress significantly increased the likelihood of having a disturbing dream on a given night, whereas psychopathology positively moderated that relationship. These results suggest that adult women reporting higher levels of psychopathology are particularly sensitive to everyday stress and thus more likely to experience bad dreams or nightmares on subsequent nights. Analyses also revealed differential positive effects of state and trait variables on the emotional and negative content of everyday dreams. These findings are in line with a recently proposed neurocognitive model of disturbed dreaming and the continuity hypothesis of dreaming. The implications of this study and future recommendations are emitted.

Keyphrases: mémoire, charge affective, dreams, dysphoric dreams, prospective, linear model, state anxiety, perceived stress, psychopathology, affect load, affect distress, dream content, continuity hypothesis, bad dreams, nightmares