NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Rythme veille-sommeil et dimensions cliniques dans le trouble de personnalité limite à l’adolescence

This dissertation examines sleep-wake patterns and their associations with emotional instability, aggressiveness, and impulsivity in adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). First, a literature review showed in BPD adults similar objective sleep disturbances, as assessed with polysomnography, to those observed in adult depression. Between 1980 and 2010, no study has examined sleep-wake patterns, none has recruited BPD adolescents, and many did not control depression as a confounding factor. Considering these limitations, it became relevant to conduct a study on sleep-wake patterns in euthymic adolescents with BPD. Having a developmental perspective in mind is crucial since adolescence presents many physiological, psychological and social characteristics. Second, a research protocol was set up at the Mood Disorders Clinic. Adolescents with BPD and without current depression were recruited. They wore for nine days or more (period covering two weekends) an actigraph, a non-invasive device assessing ecologically sleep-wake patterns. Because treatment dropout is highly prevalent in BPD adolescents, study feasibility was examined to determine the reasons promoting and those interfering with recruitment and data collection. Reflections on methodological aspects of this study allowed explaining the limits of this type of research protocol.  Third, sleep-wake patterns in BPD adolescents (n=18) was characterised. They were compared to youth with Bipolar Disorder (n=6), a mental disorder sharing many common manifestations with BPD, and to adolescents without mental disorder (n=20). Results suggest that BPD adolescents spend more time awake during the rest interval than teenagers from the two other groups. Furthermore, BPD adolescents present higher interdaily variability for rising time and total sleep time than the other adolescents. They wake up an hour later, therefore sleeping one more hour, than adolescents without mental disorder on schedule-free days. Fourth, correlation analyses between actigraphy data and self-report questionnaire scores assessing emotional instability, aggressiveness, and impulsivity suggest that time spent awake during time in bed is associated with more daily physical aggressiveness in BPD adolescents. To summarise, this dissertation adds to the current scientific literature by exploring for the first time sleep-wake patterns and its associations with symptomatic manifestations of BPD in adolescents. From these results, it is highly recommended to assess and treat their sleep-wake disturbances during their therapeutic care.

Keyphrases: adolescence, Borderline personality disorder, Adolescence, Actigraphy, Sleep, Circadian Rhythm, emotional instability, Aggressiveness, Impulsivity, Bipolar disorder
La transition postcommuniste en Roumanie (entre 1989 et 2004) : une étude à partir de la structuration de la famille

This thesis presents an analysis of the process of post-communist transformation in Romania, through a study of the structure of family trajectories. An examination of the wide variety of family trajectories highlights the practices developed by families in rebuilding their way of life after the fall of communism. The approach adopts two axes of analysis. The first is the socio-structural framework for life including material aspects, while the second axis, the socio-symbolic axis addresses subjective aspects related to the experiences of actors within their changing social context. The analysis draws on the theory of structuration in its conceptual framework. It is also based on qualitative methodology which includes life stories obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with members of 11 families. The themes selected after analysis of the data corpus allows us to identify strategies that families have put in place and family plans that have shaped their life course during the post-communist transition. These two concepts reveal elements related to the general order allowing the identification of structural trends of post-communist society in Romania.

Keyphrases: Social changes, Post-communist transition, Romania, Structuration theory, Family, Family trajectories, Family strategy, Family project, Familism, Family policy
La gestion de la qualité des soins dans un contexte de contrat liant un établissement public et un partenaire privé

The aging of the population and the increase of the number of elderly presenting complex health problems consequently increase the demand for accomodation services. The intermediate resources were created subsequent to the partnership between a Centre de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CSSS) and a partner of the private sector. According to the legal agreement, the CSSS is accountable for the quality of care offered by both parts. This partnership creates problems of quality management of the care caused by different values and objectives. The purposes of this managed work are on one hand further to the recension of the writings and the clinical governance framework, to identify conditions to assure the quality of cares and services offered to the persons in loss of autonomy in intermediate resources and on the other hand to propose interventions of management.

Keyphrases: Quality of care, Nursing homes, Nursing assistants, For profit, not for profit, Clinical governance
Faciliter le développement de l'autonomie auprès d'adolescents atteints d'une cardiopathie congénitale

The development of autonomy for adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is quite complex and difficult. Nurses have little ability to intervene with adolescents and their families in order to promote the development of autonomy. In order to address this issue, this work presents an integrative review of the scientific literature following the method of Whittemore (2005) as well as Whittemore and Knafl (2005). A description of the physiological, cognitive and psychosocial aspects that have an impact on the development of the autonomy in teenagers with CHD is initially offered. Subsequently, an integrative review of the scientific literature reveals the most appropriate interventions or suggestions for interventions that develop the autonomy of teenagers with CHD or chronic conditions. Following the analysis of these writings, we have grouped the interventions according to the McGill model of Nursing. Finally, this paper proposes to facilitate the development of autonomy in teenagers suffering from a CHD using the following recommendations: have therapeutic conversations exploring the concerns of teenagers in order to provide support and education in partnership, allow teenagers to practice the skills necessary for their autonomy and finally, highlight the strengths, successes of the teenager and his family.

Keyphrases: adolescent, interventions, autonomy, teenagers, congenital heart disease, chronic diseases, McGill Model
Les conflits d’intérêts en médecine : un exemple vétérinaire

In health care, professionals may find themselves at risk of abusing their powers by neglecting the interests of their clients. In particular, a conflict of interest can arise when the practitioner focuses on a secondary interest, such as his own financial gain, at the expense of a primary interest or professional responsibility, such as the interest of the patient. This case study, inspired by a true story in veterinary medicine, illustrates the ethical problem by which high-tech interventions are used in practice, even if their use is not necessarily in the client’s best interest.

Keyphrases: conflict of interest, deontology, clinical ethics, professional judgment, veterinary medicine
Le concept d’infirmière « championne » en prévention et contrôle des infections
analysé selon la théorie du caring humain

The important role of nurses in infection control and prevention (ICP) has been confirmed by the recent creation of a nursing speciality in this area. However, given the limited number of these clinical nurse specialists (CNS), the student wondered if the addition of registered nurses "champion" could improve ICP. Considering that the concept of "champion" is still little known in Quebec, this work proposes to explore it in the form of a literature review in order to determine whether the introduction of champions in ICP may be a winning strategy. Moreover, as the contribution of a disciplinary perspective provides guidelines for best practice, Watson’s Human Caring Theory was used as a conceptual framework. In line with this theory, some elements relevant to the concept of "champion" are discussed, in particular: commitment, collaboration and empowerment. Finally, recommendations for the nursing practice of champion in ICP are proposed.

Keyphrases: Infection nosocomiale, Champion, Change agent, Human caring, Human Caring Theory, Infection control and prevention, Nosocomial infection, Nurse
Cancer et grossesse : une réflexion selon une approche par principes

This case study, inspired by real life situations, highlights the ethical issues raised by the occurrence of cancer during pregnancy, in a difficult family situation.

Keyphrases: cancer, pregnancy, principlism
Modélisation de réseaux d'interactions des microARN et analyse et validation expérimentale de leurs boucles minimales avec des facteurs de transcription

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non coding RNAs that repress the translation of their target genes by pairing to their messenger RNA (mRNA). The identification of miRNAs' biologically active targets is a difficult problem because their binding sites are defined by only seven nucleotides. In this thesis, I show that it is possible to model specific aspects of miRNAs to identify their biologically active targets through two modeling of each one aspect of miRNAs. The first modeling considers the miRNAs regulations through the identification of regulatory loops between miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs). Through this modeling, we identified over 700 miRNA/TF regulatory loops conserved between human and mouse. With the results of this modeling, we were able to identify, in particular, two regulatory loops between LMO2 and the miRNAs miR-223 and miR-363. Using hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells transplantation experiment we showed that miR-223 and miR-363 are involved in hematopoietic cell fate determination. The second modeling focuses directly on the interaction between miARN and messenger RNA (mRNA) to determine the miRNA targets. With this work, we developed a simple method for predicting miRNA targets that outperforms the current state of the art tool. This modeling also highlighted some unsuspected consequences of miRNA effects such as the cell context specificity and the saturation of mRNA targets by miRNA. This method can also be used to identify mRNAs whose overexpression increases the expression level of another mRNA through their shared miRNA and whose global effects on other genes are minimal.

Keyphrases: miR-223, miR-363, microRNA, Modeling, leukemia, Transcription Factor, microRNA Target Prediction
La réflexion phénoménologique au crible de la grammaire : la question de l’expression de la vie intérieure de la conscience chez Husserl et Wittgenstein

Wittgenstein is typically thought to have put forth a devastating critique of one of the most constant temptations of modern philosophy: the so-called "myth of interiority". Against philosophies of reflexion, which attempt to clarify the meaning of obscure philosophical concepts (e.g. truth, significance, thought, etc.) by reflecting upon our mental states (Locke and James come to mind as examples of this paradigm), Wittgenstein showed that such a philosophical project is premised on a profound misunderstanding of how ordinary language and its grammar function. Although Wittgenstein might not have been the first to propose this kind of criticism, his central role in the last century's debates over the problem of interiority is due to the distinctive means through which he carried out this criticism: believing in the value of introspection within philosophical inquiry requires a profound misunderstanding of the nature and operation of the language through which we express our mental life. Since Husserl's phenomenology purports to solve philosophical problems through description and reflection upon lived experience, it is extremely tempting to see him as an inheritor of the philosophical tradition that Wittgenstein's arguments demolished. Taking as its starting point the assumption that the deconstruction of the "myth of interiority" instigated by Wittgenstein is well founded, this project will attempt to show that Wittgenstein's arguments can only appear to refute Husserl's conception of interiority on the basis of a superficial reading of the Logical Investigations and of the Ideas I. Indeed, upon a close examination of the relevant texts, Husserl's reflexions on the nature of language can be shown to lead him to a critique of the modern and empiricist conception of interiority very similar to Wittgenstein's, a critique that turns out to have the resources to avoid some of the major difficulties that the latter faces. This comparative and polemical study will defend two more general theses about the method that philosophical inquiry ought to rely upon. First, it will be argued that the reflexiveness required for philosophical discourse is illustrated in both Husserl and Wittgenstein's use of quotation marks. This seemingly trivial observation will support the claim that philosophical discourse relies on the use of a banal i typographical devise belonging to the grammar of ordinary language. Second, a case will be made for the the superiority of the "genealogical" method of Husserl's genetic phenomenology, for it manages to avoid the pitfalls of Wittgenstein's conventionalism while also steering clear of the problems incurred by the essentialism of the Ideas I static phenomenology.

Keyphrases: Edmund Husserl, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Expression, Edmund Husserl, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Reflexion, Private Language, Expression, Conventionalism, Phenomenology, Grammar, Interiority
Genomic variation in recombination patterns : implications for disease and cancer

The intergenerational mixing of DNA through meiotic recombination of homologous chromosomes is, along with mutation, a major mechanism generating diversity and driving the evolution of genomes. In this thesis, I use bioinformatics and statistical approaches to analyse modern genomic data in order to study the implication of meiotic recombination in human disease. First, using high-density genotyping data from French-Canadian families, we studied sex- and age-specific effects on recombination patterns. These analyses lead to the first observation of a significant decrease in recombination rates with advancing maternal age in humans, with potential implications for understanding trisomic conceptions. Second, using next-generation sequencing of exomes from families of children with leukemia, we discovered unusual distributions of recombination breakpoints in some leukemia patients, which implicates PRDM9, a protein involved in defining the location of recombination breakpoints, in leukemogenesis. Third, using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) called from RNA sequencing data, we present a detailed comparison of the mutational burden between high and low recombining regions in the human genome. We further show that the mutational load in regions of low recombination at the individual level varies among human populations. In analysing genomic data to study recombination in population and disease cohorts, this work improves our understanding of how recombination impacts human health. Furthermore, these results provide insights on how variation in recombination modulates the expression of phenotypes in humans.

Keyphrases: PRDM9, genetic recombination, sequencing, population genetics, leukemia
Études de réseaux d’expression génique : utilité pour l’élucidation des déterminants génétiques des traits complexes

Complex quantitative traits are measurable characteristics of living organisms resulting from the interaction between multiple genes and environmental factors. Genetic loci associated with complex trait are called "quantitative trait loci" (QTL). Recently, considering the expression levels of thousands of genes as quantitative traits, it has become possible to detect "expression QTLs " (eQTL). These eQTL are considered intermediate phenotypes and are used to better understand the biological architecture of complex traits. However the majority of studies still try to identify a causal mutation in a single gene. This approach can only meet success in situations where the gene incriminate as a major effect on the complex trait, and therefore can not elucidate the situations where complex traits result from interactions between various genes. This thesis proposes a more comprehensive approach to: 1) take into account the possible interactions between multiple genes for the detection of eQTLs and 2) consider how polymorphisms affecting the expression of several genes in a module of co-expression may contribute to quantitative complex traits. Our contributions are as follows:   We have developed a tool using multivariate analysis techniques to detect eQTLs, and have shown that this tool increases the sensitivity of detection of a particular class of eQTLs.   Based on the data analysis of gene expression in recombinant inbred strains mice tissues, we have shown that some polymorphisms may affect the expression of several genes in domain of co-expression.   Combining eQTLs detection studies with network of co-expression genes analysis in recombinant inbred strains mice, we showed that a genetic locus could be linked to both the expression of multiple genes at a domain of gene co-expression and a specific complex trait (i.e. left ventricular mass). Our studies have detected several mechanisms by which genetic polymorphisms may be associated with the expression of several genes, and may themselves be linked to quantitative complex traits.

Keyphrases: Quantitative trait locus, Gene expression, Co-expression network, Left ventricular mass, Complex quantitative traits, Translational bioinformatics, Quantitative genetics
L’évolution de la qualité d’emploi des immigrants du Canada par rapport aux natifs : une comparaison interprovinciale

It is well documented that immigrants face many difficulties in the Canadian labour market. Particularly, compared to native-born, they earn lower wages, occupy more precarious jobs and are often overqualified. In this research, we discuss these three issues in terms of job quality. Using the data from the 1991 to 2006 Canadian population censuses, we compare the trends in job quality of immigrants and native-born in Canada, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. These comparisons highlight the rising gap in job quality between immigrants and native-born in the four geographical areas, but especially in Quebec. This gap persists even after controlling human capital, demographic variables and unemployment rate at entry in the labour market.  Overall, we found that education, work experience and language skills improve the job quality of immigrants and their native-born counterparts. However, when we separate Canadian and foreign work experience, we find that the latter type of experience reduces job quality of immigrants. In these circumstances, it is counterproductive that Canada and Quebec continue to insist on this criterion in the point systems. We also suggest increasing the importance of age in the point systems in order to encourage the admission of younger candidates with little or no foreign experience. Youth, foreign students and temporary workers who already have work experience in Canada appear to be ideal candidates for immigration. Nevertheless, using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method, we show that the job quality gap between immigrants and natives is mainly due to unfavourable treatment of immigrants in the labour market. This means that immigrants are penalized in terms of job quality regardless of their characteristics. In this context, the selection of the best candidates for immigration may produce a limited effect. We therefore suggest acting downstream with public policy to support employment integration of immigrants. To do so, a better coordination between all actors in the labour market is required. Professional orders, government, employers and immigrants must establish accelerated pathways of skills recognition for newcomers. In addition, our results indicate that the treatment of immigrants in the labour market is more problematic in Quebec compared to Ontario and British Columbia. It is likely that Quebec society is less open to immigration given its francophone character and its minority status in North America. Since the beginning, the desire to protect the French language motivates Quebec to be actively involved in immigration and the Quebec point system already emphasizes this criterion. Moreover, nearly two-thirds of newcomers to Quebec speak French in 2011.

Keyphrases: Immigrants, Canada, Ontario, Blinder-Oaxaca, Surqualification, Job quality, Quebec, British Colombia, Employment income, Job insecurity, Overqualification