NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L’acquisition du genre quand il est déjà acquis : l’expérience
d’enfants hispanophones apprenant le français

This study tests the acquisition of French in Spanish-speaking children by documenting the acquisition of noun phrases in sequential bilingual (Spanish-French) children, compared to native French speakers, matched according to age or language development level. Ten Spanishspeaking children aged 4 to 6 years who were exposed to French for one year on average produced French noun phrases with adjectives and determiners in French (ex. la petite maison verte; the little house green). Results show that bilingual children have more difficulty than French children when producing these French noun phrases. Further analyses on adjective production revealed grammatical gender, adjective variability and participant group effects on results. Variable feminine adjectives are much more difficult for bilingual children to master than for monolingual speakers. Furthermore, an analysis of errors revealed qualitative differences in syntactic errors in the three groups. These findings help us identify typical acquisition difficulties for noun phrases in second language learners and are discussed within a clinical perspective.

Keyphrases: Acquisition, Grammatical
Development of a tool to screen risk of literacy delays in
French-speaking children: PHOPHLO

Literacy is crucial for success, both professionally and personally. Oral language skills are closely related to literacy development in children. When a child has weak oral language skills, they will have difficulty achieving reading and writing competencies within the expected time frame. In this paper, we present results from a longitudinal and cross-sectional study of the relationship between oral language skills in pre-literate children, and one aspect of their literacy skills in early elementary school—specifically, spelling. The study was conducted with French-speaking children and French-language learners from Quebec, a population that has been understudied in this area. We developed a predictive tool that will allow teachers and other professionals to assess oral language skills in young children and to predict those children at risk for literacy difficulties. Specifically, we screened children’s speech perception, speech production, phonological awareness, and morphology production abilities at entry to first grade and predicted spelling skills at the end of second grade. The screening tool that we developed proved to have a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 93% as a screen for poor spelling abilities.

Keyphrases: Literacy, Spelling, Oral, Screening, Speech, Perception, Phonological, Awareness, Morphology, Language
Étude de la stabilité dimensionnelle d'un revêtement polymère sur placage de bois pour structures intérieures d'avions

Presently, Bombardier Aerospace is experiencing challenges associated with dimensional instability in the clear coat finish that is applied to the veneer on aircraft cabinetry. The “dimensional instability” term is also known as the “orange-peel defect” and refers to topological irregularities. The ongoing product failures lead to delays in delivery of the aircraft, return of the aircraft for reworking the veneer finishing, and accompanying economic loss. The goal of the proposed research is to investigate the underlying mechanisms of defect formation in composite cabinetry in business aircraft. A wide array of analytical techniques has been used to detect the dimensional instability, to determine its origins (a combination of factors is suspected) and to understand the conditions that lead to its development. A preliminary study lists the main physico-chemical characterization methods used by Université de Montréal (optical and atomic force microscopies, Fourier transform infra-red spectrometry and microscopy, and contact profilometer) and introduces the present conclusions. Next, the conception, the development and the functioning of a tool designed to quantify the orange-peel defect, the Anatex, is described. In this context, the results of the Anatex and those of the contact profilometer have been correlated leading to a calibration curve that confirms that the Anatex is operating as expected. According to the literature, the contact profilometer is an appropriate tool to quantify the orange-peel. Finally, analyses carried out on samples of custom-made composite panels, prepared according to Bombardier’s standards, have been used to evaluate the influence of the wood veneer top layer species and the impact of the fire retardant; those two materials are part of the composite panels. Samples underwent different thermohygrometric treatments intended to cause orange-peel defects. Analyses on treated samples were performed with a contact profilometer, the Anatex and a Wave-Scan DOI – a tool currently employed in the industry to detect and quantify orange-peel defects. Amongst others, the results gave the opportunity to compare both devices, and some of the Anatex’s limits were detected.

Keyphrases: Vernis ultra-brillants, Dimensional instability or orange-peel defect, High-gloss varnishes, Composites panels, Aircraft cabinetry, Wood species, Fire retardant treatment, Thermo-hygrometric treatments
Archives audiovisuelles : trois points de vue

Even though audiovisual archives have become ubiquitous in the digital environment, the archival science field has not necessarily grasped the overall complexity of the phenomenon. Based on this reflection, three graduate students presented their perspectives and research on the subject at the annual conference of the Association of Canadian Archivists (June 7-10, 2017, Ottawa, ON). This article was developed on the basis of the papers presented at the conference. Each, faced with its object of study, interrogates in its own way on the archival science discipline through the audiovisual archives and the institutions which preserve them. First of all, it will be discussed new uses, users and forms of exploitation of digital audiovisual archive documents and ways of improving their organization and distribution on the Web. Then, the Prelinger Archives will serve as a basis for the analysis of the displacement of archival sites on the theoretical, institutional and structural levels. Finally, a study of several home movies archiving initiatives will highlight the value of these documents often left aside by traditional institutions and will help to reflect on the archivist's role as mediator. Through these three points of view, archival science will be thought from the exploitation, representing for the archivists an unparalleled opportunity of renewal and, consequently, of development in the digital environment.

Keyphrases: Archives, Collection, Exploitation, Médiation, Mémoire, Prelinger Archives, Web, Amateur film, Archival institutions, Archival science, Archiving initiatives, Digital audiovisual archives, Digital environment, Ephemeral Film, Home movies, Mediation, Memory, Orphan Film, Uses, Users
Effets d’un protocole de traite incomplète en début de lactation sur la cétonémie, la prévalence d’hypercétonémie, et la variation de l’indice de l’état corporel

Hyperketonemia is a metabolic disorder reducing profitability of dairy cattle. Restricting milk production shortly after calving could reduce its incidence. This study assessed the impact of an incomplete milking protocol in early lactation on ketonemia, hyperketonemia and loss of body condition score. Prior to calving, 838 multiparous Holstein cows from 13 commercial herds were randomly assigned to a complete or an incomplete milking protocols (milking 10-14 kg of milk per day for the first 5 days in milk). Ketonemia was evaluated weekly by measuring blood concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate during the first three weeks of lactation. A concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate ≥ 1.4 mmol/L was used to define hyperketonemia. Since several evaluators did assessments of body condition scores and because inter-observer agreement of its variation over time had never been studied, a second study was carried out to quantify agreement for this measure. The incomplete milking protocol has reduced ketonemia for the 4-7 days in milk period and has tended to reduce it for the 8-17 days in milk period. This protocol has reduced hyperketonemia for the 4-7 and 8-17 days in milk periods. The study that managed to quantify inter-observers agreement revealed an acceptable inter-observer agreement for variation of body condition score. The incomplete milking protocol was not associated with loss of body condition score. In conclusion, this strategy is effective in reducing ketonemia and hyperketonemia in early lactation.

Keyphrases: Dairy cow, Ketonemia, Ketosis, Body condition score, Inter-observers agreement
Optimisation des méthodes de démarrage dans le dindonneau

This study allowed us to describe different Quebec turkey poult brooding methods. We observed several different methods and with performances results varying according to hen house, independently of the brooding methods.  A prospective longitudinal survey based on a sample of 23% of Quebec turkey brooding flock farms was conducted to validate poult quality scoring, identify management brooding practices correlated with better growth performances and mortality, establish indicators to measure quality brooding and examine various causes associated with the flip-over syndrome. The quality scores reflect a variability between the delivered hens. The results on zootechnical performances reflect the diversity of brooding methods. Descriptive results reflect the diversity of poult brooding methods, barn temperatures and crop fill results observed between participating farms. A positive correlation between light intensity and crop fill: r= 0.64 (p= 0.019) with a threshold observed at 25 lux, and intensity of 50 lux necessary to obtain crop filing at 24 hrs post-delivery in 50% of the birds. Mean poult cloacal temperature was 103.3°F (39,4ºC). A negative correlation of r= -0.177 between cloacal temperature and the 10-day mortality rate (p< 0.0001) was found, as well as a correlation of r= 0.468 between 10-day mortality and final mortality rates (p= 0.02). The best indicators for measuring turkey brooding quality were the 24 hours crop filling and the 10-day mortality. Optimal brooding was defined as a score ≥1 for crop fill in at least 90% of the poults, assessment of poult quality upon delivery, a minimum light intensity of 50 lux and comfort zones with a litter temperature of 90 to 92°F (32,2 to 33,3ºC). As for the flip-over syndrome, our results could not identify the cause of the syndrome, but rather measured consequences such as hypoglycemia or dehydration. However, our results demonstrated that hypoglycemia, dehydration and central nervous system developmental anomalies were not the cause of the syndrome. It would be wise for breeders to provide a “hospital” area to group these birds while facilitating access to water and feed.

Keyphrases: Poults, Brooding, Management, Crop filling, Cloacal temperature, Luminosity
Effects of fibroblast growth factor 8 and 18 on ovine ovarian granulosa cell function

Fibroblast Growth factors (FGFs) are growth factors which have diverse biological activities including broad mitogenic and cell survival activities. FGFs constitute a large family of 22 distinct polypeptide growth factors varying in size from 17 to 34 kDa and have between 13 to 71% sequence homology. More specifically, FGF8 and FGF18 are both important modulator of granulosa cell functions. FGF8 and FGF18 are homologous factors which possess similar sequence homology, but we hypothesized they may interact to FGFRs differently leading to distinct effects, particularly on granulosa cell growth and induce proliferation following a short period of exposition.  This study was performed to investigate the effects of FGF8 and FGF18 on ovine granulosa cells proteome. Ovine ovaries were obtained from adult sheep’s irrespective of stage of estrous cycle and were cultured using a standard protocol. Granulosa cells were harvested from follicles then, seeded and cultivated. After, they were exposed to 10 ng/mL of FGF8 or FGF18. Cell proteins were extracted, cysteine bonds were reduced and acetylated and proteins were digested with trypsin. Tryptic peptides were analyzed using a bottom-up proteomic approach, mass spectrometry and a label-free quantitation method. The results obtained revealed following treatment with FGF8 or FGF18 for 30 minutes, an important shift toward upregulation for the entire granulosa cell proteome was measured. Additionally, several proteins, including ATF1, STAT3, MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK14, PLCG1, PLCG2, PKCA, PIK3CA, RAF1, GAB1 and BAG2 were significantly upregulated (> 1.5-fold; p < 0.01). Results are suggesting the activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway as expected. However, it is important to note that ATF1 and STAT3 are important transcription factors involved in cell growth, proliferation and survival and consequently can hamper or rescue the normal ovine reproductive system function. Both are strongly interacting with the MAPK/ERK pathway. They are directly involved in the growth, proliferation and mechanisms of cell survival. This very significant increase of STAT3 and ATF1 could have important consequences on the viability of the oocyte.

Keyphrases: Proteomics, Mass spectrometry, Ovary, Granulosa cells, Fibroblast growth factors, Protein kinases, Transcription factors, Proliferation
Etude pilote sur l'innocuité et la faisabilité de l'emploi d'un système portable de thérapie par pression négative réalisée sur un modèle expérimental de plaies ouvertes chez le cheval

Objective: To assess the efficacy of PICO® NPWT system to control bioburden in an ex vivo model of cutaneous wounds in horses; to evaluate the feasibility of using this portable canister-free system to treat experimental open wounds in horses and, originally, to assess its efficacy to enhance healing. Study design: Experimental ex vivo and in vivo studies. Animals: Equine cadaver limbs (n = 9) and live horses (n = 4). Methods: Full-thickness skin wounds were created on 9 cadaveric limbs of horses and infected with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Following 24h of incubation, PICO® (n = 4) or a conventional dressing (n = 5) was randomly applied to the wounds. CFU/mL were quantified for each wound at 0, 12 and 24 hours of treatment. After preliminary in vivo testing, PICO® was unilaterally applied to full-thickness skin wounds created on the dorsolateral surface of the metacarpus and on the thoracic wall of 4 horses, whereas wounds on the contralateral sites received standard wound care with a non-adherent dressing. Results: MRSA burden did not differ significantly between control and NPWT-treated wounds at any time during the study. All horses readily tolerated the PICO® but difficulties with adhesion and seal prevented the completion of the in vivo experiment despite the use of many adjunctive adhesives.  Conclusion: PICO® had no effect on the MRSA load of contaminated experimental ex vivo wounds during the first 24h of treatment. The current PICO® dressing design must be adapted further for use in equine practice.

Keyphrases: Horse, Wound healing, Exuberant granulation tissue, Negative pressure wound therapy
Interactions entre Streptococcus suis sérotype 2 et Haemophilus parasuis avec des cellules porcines lors des co-infections bactériennes

Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis are colonizers of the upper respiratory tract of healty pigs. However, they are also the most important cause of mortality in pig farms around the world by causing inflammatory diseases such as septicemia, arthritis, meningitis and pneumonia among weaned piglets. They use the same route of infection, cause similar inflammatory diseases and colonize a majority of animals. Because mixed infections are considered as the primary cause of disease in livestock, interactions between S. suis and H. parasuis could occur. In order to investigate the interactions between S. suis serotype 2 and H. parasuis of different level of virulence and their interactions with cells during the first steps of infection, tracheal epithelial cells and primary alveolar macrophages were infected in vitro with those bacteria. It has been possible to observe that a low virulent H. parasuis strain adheres more to host cells than the virulent strain, and induces a stronger inflammatory response. Although it adheres as much as the virulent H. parasuis strain, S. suis serotype 2 induces a lower inflammatory response then H. parasuis. Contrary to what we expected, the interactions between S. suis serotype 2 and H. parasuis seem, in general, limited during the first steps of the infection.

Keyphrases: Haemophilus parasuis, co-infections, phagocytose, pig cells, Alveolar macrophages, Epithelial cells, Inflammation, Phagocytosis, Cytotoxicity
Rôle des composants de surface dans la pathogenèse de l’infection causée par Streptococcus suis

Infections caused by encapsulated bacteria of importance in human and/or veterinary medicine, such as Streptococcus suis, represent a serious economic or public health problem. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and surface proteins are key components of S. suis pathogenesis by interacting with host cells during colonization and bacterial dissemination within the host during the systemic phase of the infection. S. suis can be classified into 35 serotypes based on the CPS antigenicity. However, the impact of the CPS structure and composition, mainly the presence of sialic acid, on its functional properties has been little studied. In addition to the CPS, S. suis expresses several surface proteins. Yet, several characterized immunogenic proteins which have potential as sub-unit vaccine candidates, have unknown role in the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis. The general objectives of this thesis are (i) demystify the impact of CPS structure and composition in the virulence of S. suis, (ii) study the role of sialic acid on CPS synthesis and exportation in S. suis, and for comparison, in Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and (iii) study the role of some uncharacterized surface proteins in the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis. The results presented in this thesis demonstrated that the CPS expressed at the surface of S. suis is an important antiphagocytic factor independent of the tested serotype. Mutants deficient in CPS synthesis were produced in S. suis serotype 14 and results showed that this CPS has similar antiphagocytic properties that those of serotype 2 CPS. Furthermore, strains of four different S. suis serotypes were genetically engineered in order to express a CPS of a different serotype. It has thus been demonstrated, under the same genetic background, that S. suis CPS possesses similar properties among the serotypes evaluated, despite different compositions. In order to study the effect of CPS composition on virulence, and more v precisely that of capsular sialic acid, we have characterized different mutants of the enzymes involved in sialylation of the CPS in S. suis, but also in GBS, as a comparison model. We confirmed with several mutants the critical role of sialic acid in CPS synthesis in S. suis, in contrast to GBS. By studying the role of factor H binding proteins (Fhb and Fhbp) in the pathogenesis of S. suis, we also demonstrated that the CPS is also implicated in the recruitment of factor H to the bacterial surface. The in vitro tests showed that factor H recruited at the surface of S. suis (partially by Fhb and Fhbp) promotes adhesion to epithelial and endothelial cells. Finally, it was demonstrated that the surface protein ‘Sao’, despite its immunogenic properties, is not a critical virulence factor for S. suis.

Keyphrases: Streptococcus suis, Fhbp, Sao, Virulence, surface components, capsular polysaccharide, sialic acid, factor H
Génération automatisée de rapports de signes vitaux

This report focuses on the development of a system for the automated production of a document that includes vital signs measured during rubidium-82 myocardial perfusion examinations at the Montreal Heart Institute nuclear medicine department. This project addresses the needs of information access for clinicians and productivity support for technologists. The recorded data may also be used for research purposes. The requirements of the system were the automatic collection of physiological data produced by the Dräger monitoring system and its storage in a database. Moreover, the system had to manage the display of vital signs on a web page whose printing eliminates the need to manually record the measurements. The development of this solution will be presented in three phases. The first is related to the reception of HL7 messages containing the vital signs and the storage of this information thanks to the Mirth software. The second phase is raw data processing with PHP. Finally, it will be about web programming to allow the printing of a document that replaces the form previously filled by hand. This report will end with the means used to validate the solution as well as the additions planned shortly. In conclusion, a functional solution was realized and put into production to collect the vital signs from the Dräger monitors in order to substitute the manual transcription of this information.

Keyphrases: Mirth, HL7, SQL, HTML, PHP, Physiological monitoring, Vital signs, Mirth, Interoperability, HL7, Nuclear Medicine, SQL, HTML, PHP