NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Analyse des  obstacles à l'intervention infirmière auprès des familles dans les unités de soins de santé mentale à la lumière du modèle de changement de Collerette

Accompanying loved ones suffering from a mental health problem on a daily basis is an experience that profoundly transforms the identity of families. Such families must often cope with feelings such as guilt and helplessness. The psychiatric hospitalisation of a family member suffering from mental illness hardly improves the situation, instead provoking an exacerbation of the anxiety and stress felt by friends and relatives. In this context, existing literature recognises without contest the benefits of including family members involved in care, as much for the afflicted person as for loved ones and the health professionals involved. However, these families inevitably feel excluded from care and unrecognised in their role by nurses, leading to important consequences for the patient, his or her family and the care provided. This critical review of literature was meant to analyse the obstacles to practicing a family-oriented approach by nurses working in mental health units, in order to propose recommendations aiming at the transformation of present clinical practices in this regard. A systematic study of literature was carried out on the databases CINHAL, PsychInfo and PubMed and the analysis of literature was realised based on the Theory of Change proposed by Collerette. The results demonstrate that confidentiality, lack of abilities and expertise in addition to certain organisational problems constitute the principal barriers to the practice of nursing interventions for loved ones on a daily basis. These barriers provoke a significant feeling of helplessness, which in turn leads to the disengagement of nurses.

Keyphrases: Collerette, nursing interventions, family, psychiatry, Collerette, professional-family relations
Villusions : construction spatiale de paysages sonores musicalisés

This musical research is based on the theory of interaction between the environment and our sound perception. Villusions is an acousmatic project that emerged from the introspective analysis of this complex relationship, in particular between daily sounds and the curious ear of an eternal traveller. Thus, the parts most closely related to my personal experiences in the city (“ville”) of Montréal and its suburbs are where this diligent exploration took place; the illusions are three acousmatic pieces inspired by this context of reciprocity. In the works presented, musical moments alternate, integrate with each other, and merge with the natural sound elements that often constitute the originating roots. This material was developed with three main focuses: firstly, movement, associated with modes of transportation and the nerve centres through which beats the city’s pulse; secondly, the voices that express its multi ethnicity, its vital lymph; and, lastly, the changing of the seasons as an acoustic proxy related to the temporal context. Instrumental sound sources, derived from the tablâ and the harp, are also used in the project, lending both a rhythmic and a harmonic feel. The spatial component should be seen as an essential element of the musical discourse of Villusions. Its octophonic construction features the delicate and deceptively immersive balance created by trajectories drawn on the same timeline as those of the musical events, using techniques directly integrated into the compositional process.

Keyphrases: Composition, Acousmatic, Soundscapes, Environmental sounds, Spatialization
How I Got Pregnant

This short story raises ethical issues about a woman’s request for medical assistance to get pregnant. In this fictional account, a 34-year-old woman has been trying to get pregnant for the last year. Her husband would like to keep trying for one more year, but the woman loses patience. She visits an ob-gyn and requests artificial insemination. She does not intend to tell her husband about this medical assistance. The doctor has helped single women, lesbian couples, and married couples with pregnancies, but he feels conflicted by this request. The doctor and the woman discuss their concerns and plans. Then they decide on a course of action. In a creative way, this story aims to bring to life ethical issues about assisted reproduction, complex relationships, individual choice, non- judgmental attitudes, deception, confidentiality, genetic connections, and social parents. But this story is not a textbook case that illustrates a clearly defined ethical issue. On the contrary, the story shows that some common ethical ideas don’t quite fit the characters’ experiences and the readers’ reactions.

Keyphrases: reproduction assistée, expérience vécue, assisted reproduction, donor conception, ethical issues, lived experience, deception
L’offre-finale baseball : un mécanisme arbitral particulier et utile

The following is a case-study about final-offer arbitration. The first objective is to describe the uniqueness of this mechanism in the context of baseball salary-arbitration. The second is to promote the utility of this process, in the context of baseball salary-arbitration. For instance, it advocates for its use to determine appropriate fees to be paid for professional european soccer players transfers.

Keyphrases: Baseball, Litige salarial, Sentence, Arbitration, Final offer arbitration, Wage arbitration, Dispute, Labor law, Negotiation, Prior settlement of disputes tool, Award, Transfer fees
Représentation et identification des hypersurfaces

The mid-term objective of this work is to explore some formulations of  shape identification and surface recognition problems  from point measurements. Those problems have important applications in medical imaging,  biometrics, security of the automatic access, and in  the identification of Lagrangian Coherent Structures in Fluid Mechanics. For instance, the problem of identifying the different characteristics of the right hand or the face from a population to another or the follow-up after surgery    from data  generated by a scanner.  The objective of this mémoire  is to prepare the ground by reviewing  the different mathematical tools available to apprehend the geometry  as an identification  or optimization variable. For surface identification it explores the use of distance functions, oriented distance functions, and level sets as in S. Osher and R. Fedkiw ; for surface recognition  it emphasizes the construction of Courant metrics by A. M. Micheletti in 1972 and the point of view of   R. Azencott  and A. Trouvé in 1995  which consists in generating deformations of a reference surface via a family of diffeomorphisms.  The accent will be put on the underlying mathematical foundations that it will attempt to clarify as necessary, and,  if need be, on exploring new avenues.

Keyphrases: identification, hypersurface, Identification, hypersurface, scanning, Courant metric, distance function, oriented distance function, level sets, diffeomorphism
Profilage Moléculaire de la Scoliose Idiopathique de l’Adolescent

The adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common deformity in paediatric orthopaedics. It is a disease that generates complex deformations of the spine, thorax and pelvis and severely affecting mainly girls at puberty. Despite many years extensive research into the field of AIS, the cause of this disorder has still not been resolved. OBJECTIFS: We have demonstrated a differential melatonin signaling dysfunction through G inhibitory (Gi) proteins in osteoblasts isolated from AIS patients. This led to a stratification of AIS patients into three distinct functional groups. The goal of this project is to establish molecular expression profiles corresponding to each functional group. The specific objective is to identify genes responsible for the initiation of the AIS and the differential dysfunction in the signaling of Gi protein-coupled receptors. METHODES: Osteoblasts isolated from AIS patients of each functional subgroup were selected and compared to osteoblasts obtained from healthy controls. In addition, blood cells (PBMCs) isolated from a pair of monozygotic discordant twins of scoliosis was studied to compare their gene expression profiles. We used DNA chips with 54,000 probe sets that allow analysis of expression level of over 47,000 transcripts and variants from over 30,000 well-characterized human genes (Affymetrix, GeneChip® Human gene 1.0 ST array). The identified genes were subsequently validated by qPCR in a larger number of patients in order to test the specificity of expression profiles for each group of patients using bone cells derived during surgery. RESULTS: The molecular profiling will establish the molecular basis of AIS according to the functional test developed by Moreau et al., and identify new genes associate with AIS. This project may allow us to identify genes involved in the dysfunction of Gi protein signaling which present in all three groups of patients. Also genes associated specifically with a particular group, can contribute to the development of certain AIS co-morbidities and/or to a risk of aggravation of spine deformities. The preliminary study of monozygotic discordant twins of scoliosis revealed a limited number of genes potentially associated with the signaling defect observed in the scoliotic twin, the gene expression could be influenced by epigenetic changes related to the environment. CONCLUSION: The data obtained by transcriptomic approaches further support our functional method of AIS patients’ stratification, also allowed the identification of novel genes associated with AIS. Such results would provide us a better understanding of the mechanisms and factors involved in the etiology of AIS. In this regard, our results would help to identify potential and specific therapeutic targets and personalized treatments based on the distinct molecular profiles observed in each patient group.

Keyphrases: Scoliosis
Identification et caractérisation des principaux fragments du collagène de type II du cartilage équin, produit in vitro par l'enzyme cathepsine K

The proteolytic degradation of type II collagen is believed to be mainly an irreversible event in the process of cartilage matrix degradation in osteoarthritis. Cathepsin K is the most active enzyme protease outside the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family (MMP 13, -8, -1) capable of degrading the intact triple helical type II collagen. The short term objective of our study was to characterize the specific cleavage sites of CK on type II collagen. Our long term goal is to develop antibodies specific to these sites to develop biomarkers to detect it’s cleavage, for the early diagnosis of OA. Thus, in order to achieve our first goal, Cathepsin K cleavage of equine type II collagen was first examined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Molecular characterization of proteolytic fragments, and therefore cleavage sites, was performed using tryptic digestion followed by LC-ESI/MS analysis to establish a comprehensive peptide map which was used as a template to identify specific proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin K. Comprehensive peptide mapping provided information on post-translational modifications and permitted the identification of 48 proline (P) and 5 lysine (K) residues that were subject to post translational modification. Six major fragments were observed on 1D SDS-PAGE and confirmed by HPLC-ESI/MS including F1 [189-190], F2 [252-253], F3 [326-327], F4 [428-429], F5 [563-564] and F6 [824-825]. The observed F1 fragment showed that cleavage was three residues N-terminal to the site reported previously for bovine type II collagen. These new findings will be used to develop new analytical methods to quantify biomarkers associate to equine type II collagen degradation in osteoarthritis patient and/or to support the development of new treatments.

Keyphrases: Cathepsin K, Cheval, Horse, Type II collagen, HPLC-ESI/MS, Osteoarthritis, Peptides
Prédiction de l'évolution de la scoliose idiopathique de l'adolescent à l'aide des paramètres tridimensionnels du rachis

Prediction of curve progression remains a challenge for the clinicians at the first visit for a patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Prediction of progression is based on curve type, curve magnitude and skeletal or chronological age. The failure to accurately predict the risk of progression can lead to inadequate treatment, as well as unnecessary medical visits and radiographs. Three-­dimensional evaluation is currently more popular in the scoliosis research community either for classification or treatment planning. The global objective of this thesis was to develop a predictive model of the final Cobb angle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis based on 3D spine parameters and on skeletal age, curve type and curve magnitude. The first study was to develop a skeletal maturity system based on ossification of iliac apophysis and triradiate cartilage status, two details available on routine radiographs. A 3 stages system was develop with the second stage being associated to the rapid acceleration phase of the deformation. The second stage corresponds to a closed triradiate cartilage and a maximum of 1/3 of the iliac apophysis ossification. The second study was a retrospective case control study. It showed the potential for 3D parameters to help predict the evolution. 3D spinal parameters at first visit of a group of patient eventually treated with surgery and a group who had no progression revealed statistical differences for: mean 3D wedging of the apical disks, lower junctional vertebral axial rotation, torsion and T6 and whole spine height/width ratio were all significantly affected. The last study was a prospective cohort study based on an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis group followed from first visit to skeletal maturity. A general linear model was developed based on 3D spinal parameters and on curve type, Cobb angle at first visit and with the 3 stages skeletal maturity system developed in the first study. The predictive model obtained has a determination coefficient of 0,715. Included 3D parameters predictors were: the angle of the plane of maximal curvature, the 3D wedging of T3-­T4, T8-­T9 and T11-­T12 disks, and the sum of 3D wedging of all thoracic and lumbar disks. The predictive model developed reinforced the importance of considering adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in a three-­‐dimensional point of view. This model will also optimise the prediction of evolution at first visit.

Keyphrases: reconstruction 3D, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, 3D reconstruction, 3D parameters, skeletal maturity, general linear model
L'hospitalisation de la femme en raison d'une grossesse à risque élevé : l'expérience de couples

Planning to have a child is most of the time a joyful event for a couple. However, the same event might becomes a real nightmare when the woman is hospitalized because of an at high risk pregnancy. To date, researches exploring this abrupt event have suggested that it may conduct to numerous impacts on future parents. Even though, the subject has only been explored using a maternal or paternal perspective, without considering the systemic aspect of the situation. This qualitative multiple case study suggests to explore the couples’ experience regarding the hospitalization of the woman because of an at high risk pregnancy, in a systemic and constructivist approach. Semi-directed interviews have been conducted with seven couples with a woman hospitalized because of an at high risk pregnancy, at the moment of the interview. Qualitative data analysis was inspired of thematization and took into account the theoretical and epistemological approach, respectively the Wright and Leahey (2013) family approach and constructivism. Results suggest the hospitalization is touched by intense emotions, such as feeling almost all the time worries, uncertainties and loneliness. It is however interesting to note that even the couple himself is touched by changes resulting of the hospitalization. According to that, this event requires a huge reorganization, which implies loads of systems gravitating around the couple’s system. Lastly, in order to face the intensity and the unpredictability of the situation, couples are asking for external support, while using their own internal resources. Concerning the theoretical and epistemological approach chosen to realize this study, results confirm the necessity of adopting a systemic and contextual vision in order to develop nursing cares appropriate with couples’ experience. Besides, it becomes essential to duplicate this type of study to perfection the actual comprehension of the event. However, nursing interventions relating to the external reorganization and the couple relation reorganization are proposed, in order to reinforce nurses’ consideration of the couple’s experience. Only then, it is suggested that nurses can influence couples’ capacity to face the consequences of the antenatal hospitalization.

Keyphrases: Couple, Hospitalization, High risk pregnancy, Family approach
L'ascendant du double dans Les Caves du Vatican et dans Les Faux-Monnayeurs d’André Gide : personnages et narration

This work explores duality as it is portrayed in two books by André Gide, Les Caves du Vatican (translated as Lafcadio’s Adventures and The Vatican Cellars) and Les Faux-Monnayeurs (The Counterfeiters). The concept of the double is a major literary theme which sheds light on the various tensions lashing against each other within individuals. Often depicted in physical form in 19th century literature following the use of the Doppelgänger figure, the double found in Gide’s writings is more complex: subtler, it remains psychological but is not visible. There are two major ways in which duality appears in Gide’s books: through the characters, and through the narrative. Studying the characters’ contradictions and inconsistencies, the representation of duality in various characters, their ability to become another character’s double, and their double discourses enables us to establish the extent to which the characters structure duality. An analysis of the narrators’ identities, of their interventions, and of the rhetorical figures they use also shows that the more they reveal themselves, the more complex they become.

Keyphrases: André Gide, Double, Caves du Vatican, Faux-Monnayeurs, Duality, 20th century literature, Narrative, Characters, Lafcadio's Adventures, The Counterfeiters, Dostoevsky
Pratiques éducatives des parents d’adolescents présentant un TDAH : perception des parents et des adolescents en lien avec les comportements à risque

This study aims to examine the link between educational practices reported by the mother and those perceived by adolescents with attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) and also examine the relationship with the adoption of risk behaviors among adolescents (delinquency and association with deviant peers). Five educational practices were examined separately, parental involvement, positive practices, inconsistent discipline, low supervision and corporal punishment. Each of them has been measured by the mother, teenager and a variable of disagreement was created. The sample consisted of 32 mother-teen dyads involved five years ago in the Incredible Years program. Teenagers have all been diagnosed with ADHD and are aged between 10 and 14 years and 11 months. The results show an absence of correlation between each of the educational practices reported by mothers and those perceived by adolescents. Mothers tend to have a more positive perception of parenting practices then heir teenage. The results also show that the perception of adolescents in educational practices is associated with the adoption of risk behaviors. Finally, the perception of adolescents proved to be a precipitating factor in the relationship between the extent of disagreement between teens and mothers and association with deviant peers. The discussion explains these results and discusses important clinical implications.

Keyphrases: perception, adolescent, educational, practices, perception, adolescent, disagreement, delinquency, deviant, peers
Sociétés minières canadiennes et violations des droits de l’homme à l’étranger : le Canada respecte-t-il les prescriptions internationales en la matière?

This study propose to assess whether Canada meets the international requirements of business and human rights in relation to the supervision it has on Canadian mining companies operating abroad. In 2011, the Human rights Council adopted the Special Representative’s Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in order to implement the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework. According to this framework, States have obligations to protect and remedy while companies only have responsibilities to respect human rights. After six years of work, the Special Representative on Business and Human rights, John Ruggie, has chosen to give in its Guiding Principles non- binding recommendations in order to help States and businesses to encounter their obligations and responsibilities towards human rights. According to the UN, this universal instrument is the most developed in the field. Thus, it is strongly recommended that companies and especially States, comply those «guiding principles» when they elaborate their respective policies on economic activity and human rights. It is therefore necessary to check first if the supervision exercised by the legislature and the government on Canadian mining companies operating abroad succeeds to comply with the "Protect" principles. On the other hand, it must be checked whether the judicial and extrajudicial remedies available in Canada meet the requirements of the «Remedy" principles. This dual analysis will led to conclude that Canada meets broadly the "Guiding Principles" but could do much more, especially in terms of access to effective remedies for foreign victims of Canadian mining companies.

Keyphrases: John Ruggie, Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework, Special Representative of the Secretary- General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, Canadian mining companies, Office of the Extractive Sector Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Counsellor, Business and human rights, Canada's National Contact Point (NCP), Civil accountability of canadian's corporations