NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Les effets aigus de l’exercice sur la réponse cérébrovasculaire et la performance cognitive chez 
des personnes coronariennes stables

Coronary heart disease (CHD) patients are at higher risk for developing cognitive deficits and certain types of dementia. The cognitive functions of coronary patients have been studied at rest, but never during an acute exercise session. Acute high intensity exercise negatively affects cognitive performance in healthy people. Although coronary patients are at higher risk of cerebral and cardiovascular dysfunction, this relationship has never been studied in this clinical population and could help better understanding of the heart-brain axis. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of an acute exercise at two different intensities on cognitive performance and cerebrovascular response in CHD patients. It was hypothesized that higher exercise intensity will impair executive performance and cerebrovascular response only in CHD patients. Thirty-eight CHD patients and 16 healthy controls completed neuropsychological assessments, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing and two exercise bouts at 30% and 70% of their individualized maximum capacity on an ergocycle while performing a cognitive test including non-executive and executive conditions. Cerebral oxygenation and perfusion were measured during both intensities in all participants with near-infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the cognitive performance remained stable between the two intensities for both groups. In CHD patients only, cerebral blood volume was negatively affected by high intensity exercise compared with moderate intensity. Coronary heart disease negatively affects cerebral oxygenation during high intensity exercise. Further studies are needed to determine whether a cognitive test administered during physical exertion could identify coronary patients at risk of cognitive decline.

Keyphrases: Cerebral oxygenation, Cognitive functions, Coronary heart disease, Acute exercise, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Aging
Effet de la musique de fond sur le contrôle attentionnel chez les personnes âgées et les jeunes adultes

Normal aging can be accompanied by a cognitive decline including a decrease in attentional control, an executive function allowing us to focus attention while inhibiting distractors. Also, previous studies demonstrated that background music can enhance some executive functions, both in young and older adults. Knowing that normal aging is characterised by a decline in attentional control that is not observed in their younger peers, this study aims to explore if the effect of background music on attentional control is the same in older and young adults. To do so, 19 older adults (62-74) as well as 21 young adults (20-32) performed the Eriksen’s flanker task, evaluating attentional control, under the exposition of three conditions: stimulating and relaxing music and silence. As expected, reaction time (RT) was slower for the incongruent trials and faster for the congruent ones. However, this difference, called the flanker effect, was significantly greater under the relaxing music condition compared to others, due to a combination of much slower RT in incongruent trials and faster RT in congruent ones. The flanker effect was the same in both age groups. In conclusion, relaxing music impairs attentional control of older and young adults compared to stimulating music and silence.

Keyphrases: normal aging, executive functions, attentional control, background music, musical emotions
Stress chez les nouveaux parents et amour conditionnel

This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between perceived conditional negative regard (a behavior that thwarts basic psychological needs), stress, and dyadic adjustment during the transition to parenthood. Primiparous couples (n=137) of 6-months old babies were recruited to fill out an online questionnaire. Structural equation model analysis with an Actor-partner interdependence mediation model were conducted. Results show that for each partner, stress partially mediated the link between perceived conditional negative regard and dyadic adjustment (actor effects). For the partner effects, stress was not a mediator between these variables. However, some partner effects were found: 1) Bearing mothers’ perceived conditional negative regard was associated with partners’ dyadic adjustment, and 2) Partners’ perceived conditional negative regard was associated with bearing mothers’ dyadic adjustment. Overall, the findings shed light on the dyadic influences of conditional negative regard and the mechanisms through which it decreases dyadic adjustment during the transition to parenthood.

Keyphrases: Stress, Conditional negative regard, Dyadic adjustment, Parenthood, Dyadic study
Profil temporel de l’efficacité du traitement visuel en reconnaissance d’objets et de visages

Variations in visual processing effectiveness through time were investigated using random temporal stimulus sampling. Twenty-four adults named photographs of either familiar objects (experiment 1) or famous faces (experiment 2). Stimuli were made by a linear combination of the target image and high density white visual noise. Signal-to-noise ratio varied throughout the 200 ms stimulus duration. A new temporal sampling function was generated on each trial by the integration of random amplitude and phase sinusoidal waves of frequency between 5 and 55 Hz (in 5 Hz steps). Temporal classification vectors (CV) were calculated by subtracting the weighted sum of the signal-to-noise ratio associated to errors from that associated to correct responses. Time-frequency classification images (CI) were obtained by applying the same procedure on the outcome of time-frequency analyses applied to the sampling functions of each trial. In both experiments, the temporal CVs were highly variable across participants, but the time-frequency CIs were remarkably similar across participants (inter-subject coherence of .93 and .57 for experiments 1 and 2 respectively). T-tests revealed multiple differences between the time-frequency CIs obtained with familiar objects and faces, but also with non-familiar objects and words analyzed in previous studies. Therefore, theses CIs are sensitive to stimulus type, but also to stimulus familiarity. The present results indicate rapid variations of visual encoding effectiveness in the initial 200 ms of stimulus exposure and suggests that the time-frequency CIs tap a highly fundamental aspect of visual processing, hypothetically linked to brain oscillations.

Keyphrases: perception, visual processing, temporal sampling, familiar objects, familiar faces, brain oscillations
Symptômes reliés au diagnostic du trouble de personnalité limite à l'adolescence : une recension systématique de la littérature

The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescence is controversial among some researchers and clinicians. For many, the symptoms presented in young people with BPD resemble normal functioning in adolescence. The diagnosis is then delayed in adulthood, postponing the treatment. The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to investigate the symptoms that can differentiate an adolescent population with BPD from one with another diagnosis and/or without any psychiatric issues. In all, 17 studies out of the 4,789 titles initially identified met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. This systematic review considers diverse symptoms: internalized and externalized disorders, suicide, mentalization errors, maladaptive schemas and comorbid diagnoses. Several symptoms significantly differentiated adolescents with BPD from three control groups teenagers: non-psychiatric, with another personality disorder and with another diagnosis. Finally, a pattern of symptoms could also be observed between suicidal adolescents with BPD and suicidal youth without it.

Keyphrases: adolescence, borderline personality disorder, symptoms, comorbidity
Les associations longitudinales entre les symptômes de psychopathologie et la consommation de cannabis à l’adolescence et le rôle de l’orientation sexuelle comme modérateur

The association between cannabis use and mental health is not yet well understood. Additionally, sexual minorities present higher rates of cannabis use and mental health issues than heterosexuals.  Objective. To examine the developmental relationships between cannabis, and depression and anxiety across adolescence in heterosexual and LGB youth.  Method. The relationships between cannabis, and depressive and anxiety symptoms at 13, 15, and 17 years were examined using cross-lagged models in 1548 participants. Multigroup analyses were conducted to examine the models according to sexual orientation.  Results. Small bidirectional associations were found in the full sample, which remained significant once control variables were included in the model: cannabis use positively predicted later anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms at 15 years predicted cannabis at 17 years. LGB participants presented a considerably larger association between depressive symptoms at 15 years and cannabis at 17 years, as well as a negative association between anxiety symptoms at 15 years and cannabis at 17 years.  Conclusion. These results suggest that the relationships between cannabis, and depressive and anxiety symptoms are bidirectional across adolescence, albeit small. Sexual minorities present particularly strong associations that may represent self-medication efforts for depressive symptoms between 15 and 17 years.

Keyphrases: marijuana, cannabis, adolescence, LGB, youth, mental health, depression, anxiety, sexual minority, substance use
Le rôle de la mémoire de travail et de l’impulsivité dès l’enfance dans la prédiction de la consommation de substances à travers l’adolescence.

Background. A developmental hypothesis suggests the effect of working memory on substance use could be mediated by impulsivity in adolescence. However, these developmental associations between working memory and impulsivity have not been examined from childhood to predict substance use throughout adolescence. Objective. This study examined the bidirectionnal associations between impulsivity and working memory at ages 7, 14, 15 and 16 years old and substance use between ages 14 and 16 years old. Method. Cross-lagged analyses including 211 participants, followed annually since they were 5 months, were conducted. Working memory was measured by the Self-Ordered Pointing Task (and its equivalent for children) whereas impulsivity and substance use were measured by questionnaires. Results. Working memory at 7 years old predicted cannabis use at 14 years old weakly but positively, and alcohol use at 14 years negatively in boys. A positive association between impulsivity at 7 and substance use was specific to alcohol use frequency. Alcohol and cannabis use at age 14 years predicted change in impulsivity the following year. Finally, impulsivity did not mediate the association between working memory and substance use. Conclusion. A cognitive component targeting working memory in childhood could be examined as a complement of current interventions on impulsivity to better prevent substance use in adolescence.

Keyphrases: intervention, Impulsivity, working memory, substance use, prevention, intervention
Étude descriptive des types de symptômes psychologiques et leurs déterminants présents dans une population indigente du Burkina Faso

In Burkina Faso, evidence-based knowledge on mental health disorders, their prevalence and the characteristics of people living with these disorders is scarce. Without these data, the government can not properly allocate sufficient human and financial ressources to mental health services. The available information in the country was collected in urban settings, where most mental health services are concentrated. Therefore, information on mental health prevalence outside of urban settings is limited. A single preliminary study demontrated a substancial presence of mental health symptoms in rural settings, especially in an indigent population. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate the prevalence of three types of mental health symptoms (anxiodepressive, somatic, psychotic) in indigents living in a rural setting in Burkina Faso. Furthermore, it aimed to identify the sociodemographic, physical and psychological determinants pertaining to each type of symptoms. The participants of this study (n = 1314) belong to four health districts of the country. Data were gathered about their physical and mental health by local, trained interviwers.

Keyphrases: Indigent, Burkina Faso, Mental health, Rural setting, sub-Saharan Africa
Influence des variables de trait et d'état sur le contenu affectif des rêves de tous les jours

Although emotions are reported in a large majority of dreams, little is known about the factors that account for night-to-night and person-to-person variations in people’s experience of dream affect. We investigated the relationship between waking trait and state variables and dream affect by testing multilevel models intended to predict the affective valence of people’s everyday dreams. Participants from the general population completed measures of personality and trauma history followed by a three-week daily journal in which they noted dream recall, valence of dreamed emotions, as well as their level of perceived stress for the day and prior to sleep onset. Within-subject effects accounted for most of the variance in the reported valence of dream affect. Trait anxiety was the only variable that significantly predicted dream emotional valence at the between-subjects level. While highlighting the need for more fine-grained measures in this research field, our results point to methodological limitations and biases associated with retrospective estimates of general dream and waking affect, and bring into focus state variables that may best explain observed within-subject variance in emotions experienced in everyday dreams.

Keyphrases: dream, trait anxiety, perceived stress, emotional valence, prospective, multilevel, continuity hypothesis of dreaming, trauma, boundary thinness
Stabilité des bulles de masse négative dans un espace-temps de de Sitter

Negative mass makes perfect physical sense as long as the dominant energy condition is satisfied by the corresponding energy-momentum tensor. Until now, only configurations of negative mass have been found. We demonstrate the existence of stable, negative-mass bubbles in an asymptotic de Sitter space-time. The bubbles are solutions of the Einstein equations which correspond to an interior region of space-time containing a specific distribution of mass separated by a thin wall from the exact, negative mass Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time in the exterior.   Then, we apply the Israel junction conditions at the wall which impose the conservation of energy and momentum across the wall. The junction conditions give rise to an effective potential for the radius of the wall that depends on the interior mass distribution, or vice versa.   Finally, we find a potential that gives rise to stable, non-singular, static solutions, which yields an interior mass distribution that everywhere satisfies the dominant energy condition. However, the energy momentum of the wall does not satisfy the dominant energy condition. Moreover, we find a stable, non-singular, static solution for a pure de Sitter geometry inside the bubble. The solution is fundamentally different: the energy density of the bubble is no longer a constant, but now varies with the radius. The dominant energy condition is everywhere satisfied.

Keyphrases: gravitation, bulle mince, solutions stables, Schwarzschild-de Sitter, General relativity, Black hole, Thin bubble, Negative mass, Israel’s junction conditions, Metric, Dominant energy condition, Stable solutions
Caractérisation d’un plasma radiofréquence d’argon avec injection pulsée de gaz en vue d’une application au dépôt de couches minces nanocomposites.

(Nano) Composite materials have been an integral part of the aeronautics and space industry for more than 50 years. Nowadays, the concept of multifunctional materials combining various properties to achieve multiple performance objectives in a single system has become a prerogative in the development of innovative surfaces for a wide range of technological applications. However, for several applications, one of the main challenges is the production of coatings formed of isolated (non-aggregated) and small (<10 nm) nanoparticles dispersed in a controlled manner in a matrix. In this context, a new flexible, green, safe and scalable method of synthesis has recently been proposed. It is based on a reactor-injector of nanoparticles and can synthesize nanoparticles from liquid organometallic precursors just before injecting them into a plasma deposition reactor by limiting the agglomeration phenomena associated with the vaporization of droplets and by avoiding problems of possible toxicity related to the manipulation of nanoparticles before the deposit. However, unlike conventional plasma deposition processes, which are usually carried out at constant pressure, the design of the reactor-injector of nanoparticles inevitably involves a complex temporal dynamic associated with rather sudden changes in the pressure in the plasma reactor. Obviously, these temporal variations of pressures will affect the temporal evolution of the fundamental properties of the plasma such as the density and the temperature of the electrons. In this master work, we used optical emission spectroscopy coupled with the predictions of collisional-radiative models to determine operating conditions of the reactor-injector in an argon rf plasma minimizing these variations on the one hand, and to better understand their implications on the electron temperature, on the other hand. This work can thus be expected to serve as building blocks for more complex studies in the presence of precursors and nanoparticles.

Keyphrases: nanocomposites, Reactive plasmas, Optical emission spectroscopy
Étude des phases induites en champ magnétique dans le SrHo2O4 et des propriétés thermodynamiques du BaCe2O4

The focus of this master’s thesis is on the properties of two members of the family with the general composition AkLn2O4 (where Ak are alkaline earth metals and Ln are lanthanides). Some members of this family showed behaviours associated with a one-dimensional zigzag chain with next-nearest neighbors interactions (ANNNI model). In particular, an in-field neutron diffraction study of SrHo2O4 showed plateaus in the intensity of the peak (200). If we identify the intensity as the square of the magnetization, this would indicate the presence of a plateau in the magnetization and perhaps the presence of a magnetic phase which was not previously observed. Thus, specific heat and magnetization measurements were carried out to search for this phase transition. Measurements of the field dependent specific heat and magnetization with a field applied parallel to the b-axis showed the presence of field induced phase transitions in this compound. In particular, the magnetization shows the formation of plateaus suggesting a phase robust to the increase of the magnetic field for the temperature interval T = 0:6 K to 1.3 K. The critical fields determined from the specific heat and magnetization are compared using a phase diagram. The critical fields from neutron diffraction previously obtained by [1] are also compared. However, the results do not yet show clearly where the phase boundaries are. Since the magnetic ground state depends on the crystalline electric field (CEF), changing the Sr2+ ion for the bigger Ba2+ ion will change the crystal structure and thus the CEF levels. Furthermore, the magnetic moment J of Ce3+ is 5=2 which is smaller then that of Ho3+ (J = 8) or of Dy3+ (J = 15=2), two ions that have been extensively studied in the SrLn2O4 and the BaLn2O4 series. A smaller magnetic moment should result in a more quantum mechanical system and the hope is to obtain a quantum spin chain. We thus tried to synthesize BaCe2O4 and study its properties. To this end, a study of the heat capacity and entropy at zero field of the frustrated magnet BaCe2O4 will be presented. The measurements v were taken on single crystals grown from a metallic flux method. The results from the specific heat show a phase transition to a long range magnetic order at a temperature of T = 0:43 K. The magnetic entropy was calculated from the results of specific heat in the temperature range from T = 0 K to 5 K. In this range of temperature, the magnetic entropy was found to be below the value expected for a crystalline electric field doublet as the ground state. The results from the specific heat and the entropy indicate the presence of geometrical frustration in the compound BaCe2O4.

Keyphrases: Frustrated magnets, Magnetization plateaus, Crystal growth, Phase transition
Reflected Light of Exoplanets : a case study of WASP-43b using the Hubble Space Telescope

With nearly 4000 exoplanets known, the field has evolved from merely detecting exoplanets to actually probing atmospheric properties. However, reflected light spectra from these objects are still not fully understood. Exoplanets reflect a portion of the light that they receive from the star, the amount of which depends on the properties of the atmosphere and in turn affects the energy budget of the planet. Hot Jupiters, i.e. Jupiter-like planets giants with very short orbital periods are the easiest targets amenable to eclipse spectroscopy. Albedo is a direct measure of reflected light that can be measured while the planet eclipses behind the host star. In the specific case of these intriguing planets, an apparent inconsistency, termed as the hot Jupiter Albedo Problem, remains unsolved. While Solar System gas giants show Bond albedos lower than geometric albedos, the measurements from optical and infrared instruments for HD 189733b and HD 209458b show the opposite. This phenomenon has the potential to be explained by higher geometric albedos at UV/optical wavelengths outside the Kepler bandpass, but very few measurements exist to corroborate this. This thesis presents WASP-43b’s full reflection spectrum, including 3 eclipse measurements obtained by the HST (290-570 nm) along with 28 obtained by the TESS mission (600-1000 nm). When combined with the Spitzer or the upcoming JWST’s eclipse observations, these measurements will answer key questions about the planet’s atmospheric composition and structure, global energy budget and circulation.

Keyphrases: planets and satellites: atmospheres, stars: individual (WASP-43), techniques: photometric