NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Le Nouvel Âge de la bière : l’alcool au Néolithique moyen de la Caverna delle Arene Candide

Alcohol production, in a delibarate manner, seems to coincide with the birth of agriculture in several primary foci of plant domestication. We also see a change in organization, which is called social complexification, where the balance of power structures increasingly dense groups. In Europe, neolithization develops by migratory inputs of new farmers coming from the Fertile Crescent, and then from Anatolia. However, these new populations are not structured by social stratification and seem to have chosen an egalitarian social order. For many anthropologists, the production of alcohol, and its consumption during feasts, may have been a motive for gathering surpluses, triggering a series of factors leading to social complexification. Arene Candide, a Neolithic Mediterranean site in northwestern Italy, offers us the opportunity to study the role of alcohol in these non-stratified societies. The precise function of the site remains to be determined, with excavation campaigns that span more than a century bringing a little more light each time to our understanding of its occupants. Here, simple funerary rituals coexisted with domestic and pastoral activities. However, the evidence of beer production at Arene Candide greatly changes our perception of these inhabitants going beyond mere subsistence activities. The use of calcium oxalate as a biomarker of beer is seen by several researchers as unreliable for reasons of possible contamination of artefacts by soils. The present study circumvented this obstacle by analyzing using HPLC soil samples from the site where previously a presence of oxalate crystals had been observed. A second method, the observation of starch granules with SEM, made it possible to distinguish two chaînes opératoires of beer on the same site. These findings are based on experimental studies, which were compared with the archaeological samples.  Beer seems to have been used for several purposes, fitting into the daily life of these groups of the Middle Neolithic of Liguria.

Keyphrases: Arene Candide, HPLC-MS, Beer, Alcohol, Neolithic, Italy, Social Complexification, egalitarism, SEM, starch gaenule, Experimentation
Politiques de réconciliation en Australie et au Canada, orientations politiques, débats et actions

Australia and Canada both inherit a past fraught with historical injustices perpetrated against indigenous people. The legacy of those abuses is still tangible and determines the conflictual relationship between states and indigenous communities. Besides territorial and legal issues, an official recognition of the past and the assumption of state responsibility are requested to endorse a process of reparation. Reconciliation, which has been part of the political vocabulary of both countries for more than 25 years, has taken the form of apology speeches, act of recognition and measures of restorative justice. Nevertheless, as political leaders took over the lexicon, debates and discordance about the application of the process took place in the deliberative assemblies. Each political orientation has interpreted the matter according to its ideological foundations and influenced the process in its own way. In this dissertation, we shall try to understand the impact of those political orientations on the process of reconciliation in Australia and Canada. Through the study of speeches and measures enforced to initiate the process, we shall evaluate the perception of the past, the role of the state and the actions undertaken to establish reparation. Eventually, we shall reflect on the legitimacy of the concept of reconciliation in postcolonial countries and its impact on the relationship between states and indigenous peoples.

Keyphrases: Canada, Reconciliation, Recognition, Reparation, Memory, Australia, Canada
Jeux à portée sociale : vers une nouvelle appellation d’un divertissement responsable

The Social impact Games movement is in full expansion since 2000 (Burak 2017, Macklin 2003) and has all sorts of labels: Serious Games, Therapeutic Games, Educational Games, Citizen Science Gaming, Empathic Games, Journalism Games, LARP (Live Action Role Play) for social good, to name a few. Thanks to the democratisation of technology, Citizen Engagement and Game Design expertise on the rise, these types of games addressing social good messages seems to multiply. But how does impact works? What “impact” are we really talking about and how is design contributing to values or even ideology? This Master aims to analyze a few games that call themselves social impact games in order to better understand this type of games and its movement, criticize the consequences and collect design practices that can benefit social transformation through play. Presented in three parts to better highlight the heterogeneous aspect of the phenomenon, this thesis is composed of a prospective article that juxtaposes two currents, published in English by Inter-disciplinary Press, a detailed analysis of a digital game and a study on the stakes of the gamifying public spaces. The spinoffs will be used to list the best game design practices that can bring about collective beneficial transformation, towards a possible future of socially responsible games.

Keyphrases: impact social, innovation, Game design, Social impact games, Social impact, Experience, Citizen science, Gamification, Urban games, Responsible entertainment, Human
Prolongement autoroutier et route touristique : enjeux relatifs au prolongement de l’autoroute 20 sur la Route des Navigateurs dans le Bas-Saint-Laurent

The theme routes offer the opportunity to bring forward the local identity through many tourist activities along the way. Also, several studies suggest that these routes bring social and economic benefits to the communities. But the arrival of a highway may hinder these benefits by taking over the tourist travels, isolating the rural regions and contributing to the reduction of these benefits. Through a case study about the “Route des Navigateurs”, a themed route located in the Bas-Saint-Laurent tourism region and hindered by the arrival of the highway this study aims to reveal the importance of the “Route des Navigateurs”, to know the impact of highway 20 arrival and to define the challenges generated for this t route. The results show that the “Route des Navigateurs” centralized management by the ATR would limit the joining of various stakeholders. These people tend to bring forward the litorall of the Saint-Lawrence river instead of the “Route des Navigateurs” even though both are based on the presence of the Saint-Lawrence river. In regards to the highway extension, the current configuration of regional planning and the concentration of tourist activities have favoured the creation of primary tourist pole by the MRC. The highway extension accelerates an already initiated process. Finally, the municipalities bypassed by the highway, are noting the extinction of tourist services on the route 132 that were depending on transit customer base. Thereby, the municipalities must become a primary tourism pole to attract visitors.

Keyphrases: Theme route, Highway, Tourism development, Territories
Reintegración escolar de los jóvenes adultos salidos del conflicto armado en Colombia, un estudio de caso

Colombia is going through post-agreement situation with significant political, economic and social implications that affect the entire nation and have a great impact at the international level. In all regions of the country, the number of people demobilized and in social reintegration process is growing. Education plays a fundamental role as a tool to consolidate this process, as long as it satisfies all the needs of students and ensures their adaptation and their desire to stay in society. This qualitative research is an exploratory case study conducted with the aim of better understanding the dynamics that accompany the process of academic integration of Colombian young adults issue from the armed conflict in Colombia. It is of great interest for us to understand the conditions required for young adults to remain in the formal school system once they make the decision to reintegrate into civil society. In this sense, it is in our interest to look for means of education that support, or can support, their adaptation to school life. This study counted with the collaboration of young adults issue from the armed conflict, as well as teachers from a training center whose educational role is to help them reintegrate into civil society. Two questionnaires based on the "4 S System" model (Schlossberg et al 1995) were used, one for the students and the other for the teachers. With the data collected, a tabulation was made to describe, discuss and analyze the factors that influence the reintegration of young adults issue from armed conflict into school. The contribution of this paper regarding the factors that ease the adaptation of students into the school system will, in the short term, help to establish changes that improve the integration of this type of population into the formal educational system. All this, bearing in mind that a peace process has recently been signed and that new demobilized population will attend the various training and reintegration centers that exist in the country. What has impacted us the most from the academic, personal and professional perspectives of these young adults from the armed conflict has been their determination and positive attitude to face the challenges ahead. Particularly, in the difficult circumstances of their status of demobilized person in the city and in a new environment are presented to them to adapt to and succeed their social reintegration.

Keyphrases: Victime, Young adults, Reinstatement, Civil society, Demobilized, Displaced people, Adult education, Armed conflict, Education by cycles, Victim, Colombia, Colombia
Les pratiques de quatre directions d'écoles secondaires en milieu pluriethnique: une étude exploratoire montréalaise

Immigration is an important social phenomenon that has manifested itself across the globe throughout human history. As many questions arise from the more recent international migration waves and patterns, we can highlight the new challenges faced by school principals, particularly as it pertains to the practices that are being implemented in multiethnic environments. In this context, this research consists of a qualitative exploratory study, whose main objective is to analyse what practices are adopted by principals working in multiethnic environments and what models of diversity education are associated with these practices. To achieve this, we presented a review of the literature on principals' practices in different national contexts, classified in five dimensions of school management in multiethnic environments (the power dimension, the administrative dimension, the human resource management, the educational dimension and the management dimension of intergroup reporting). The secondary data comes from semi-structured interviews that were conducted with four different public high-school principals as part of Magnan’s research (see Braga and Magnan, 2015).  As part of this study, we favoured semi-structured interviews to collect the data. Then, based on our theoretical framework, we developed hypotheses about the models that would be used as the basis of the principals' practices. This framework is largely inspired by the review developed by Potvin et al. (2015), which aimed at improving initial teacher training on ethnocultural diversity education. The different currents identified by this researcher have been classified under four broad educational approaches: inter/multicultural education, citizenship education, anti-racist education and inclusive education. In analyzing the results, we arrived at a mixed model of multi-ethnic school management that was both inter/multicultural (lead for harmony) and inclusive (lead to improve outcomes and increase student success rates). However, the citizenship education model and the anti-racist education approach were absent in our results. In fact, manifestations of stereotypes and an assimilationist approach to the management of linguistic diversity were identified. For those reasons, we discussed the relevance of improving the training and professional support of school principals in multiethnic environments, as well as the development and implementation of school policies that promote a type of management that is more centered around the fight against racism and inequities; and more engaged in training young citizens to be involved in political activism focused around social justice and the common good.

Keyphrases: Administration scolaire, Recherche qualitative, School administration, School principals, Multiethnic environments, Intercultural education, Multicultural education, Anti-racism education, Inclusive education, Qualitative research, Exploratory study, Ethnocultural diversity, Linguistic diversity, Religious diversity
La collaboration dans l’équipe de soins quant à la gestion de la douleur chronique chez la personne âgée atteinte de troubles cognitifs en centre d’hébergement

Most older people living in a long-term care facility (LTCF) suffer from chronic pain. Studies have shown that chronic pain is often under-assessed and under-treated. According to the literature, nursing care teams are in a unique position for pain management that is strengthened when the team collaborates for pain management. However, few studies have focused on this collaboration. This qualitative multiple cases study aimed to understand better the collaboration in nursing care teams regarding the pain management of older people with cognitive impairment living in a LTCF. Four cases—each consisting of a nurse, a licensed practical nurse and a nurses’ aide—were recruited (n=12). The data from the individual interviews were analyzed according to the thematic analysis of Braun et Clarke (2006). The results show that some personal characteristics predispose more to a collaborative practice than others. From a relational standpoint, collaboration is influenced by the personal and professional knowledge of colleagues, the quality of relationships, the presence of common goals and the ability to solve problems. Also, the results indicate that organizational elements, such as human resources, the management style of the head nurse or the support of organizational managers, modulate collaboration. Therefore, our results provide insights on how to facilitate the care team’s collaboration in LTCF to improve the management of pain in older people with cognitive impairment.

Keyphrases: Collaboration, Chronic pain, Older person, Cognitive impairment, Long-term care facility, Case study, Nursing care team
Prévention du burnout des infirmières en milieu hospitalier : perception des infirmières gestionnaires

Introduction: Nurse managers are pillars in the prevention of nurse burnout. With that being said, no study has ever been done before in regards to the views of nurse managers in the role they play in preventing burnouts. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out what are the views of nurse managers in regards to burnouts of nurses in a hospital setting. More specifically, it aims to know how they view their role in the prevention of burnouts, the knowledge they have on the prevention strategies mentioned in the literature and how they apply these strategies in their workplace. Methodology: For this research, a qualitative study of descriptive exploratory nature was chosen. The study was conducted with 11 nurses working in one Montreal hospital between January 15th and February 12th, 2018. The analysis of the data was performed using the method of Miles and Huberman (2003). Results: The results of this study highlight three findings: 1) nurse managers admit lack of knowledge about burnout and prevention strategies 2) they understand and are aware of the importance of their role in preventing burnout of nurses 3) burnout prevention strategies are difficult to implement because of the many organizational constraints and require more support from the health facility, which also has a very important role. Discussion and conclusion: This study show how the role of nurse managers in preventing burnout need to be more supported by health organization. Health organizations will be able to become key players, notably by assessing the needs of nurse managers in term of training to better support them in their effort to prevent burnout of nurses.

Keyphrases: burnout, burnout, prevention, management, nurse manager, nurses
Évaluation qualitative d’une intervention infirmière d’entretien motivationnel à domicile auprès des personnes âgées sédentaires vivant avec la maladie coronarienne

In the next few years, population ageing will inevitably be followed by the increase of a prevalence in coronary artery disease among elderly people (Public health agency of Canada, 2017). In order to assist this population to change behaviours that affect their health like sedentary behavior, nursing interventions are needed. For this purpose, motivational interviewing seems to be supportive of behavioral change (Purath, Keck and Fitzgerald, 2014).  The purpose of this descriptive qualitative pilot study was to assess the acceptability, feasibility and effect of a motivational interviewing as a nursing intervention for sedentary seniors living with coronary artery disease. Based on Miller and Rollnick’s (2013) principles of motivational interviewing and Prochaska and DiClemente’s (1984) transtheoretical model of change, five sessions of motivational interviewing were given weekly by a nurse at participants’ home (n = 5). A thematic analysis according to Paillé and Mucchielli (2016) and descriptive statistics were used to qualitatively evaluate the motivational interviewing through semi-structured interviews (acceptability), a researcher’s notebook (feasibility), an algorithm for evaluating stages of change and a physical activity diary (effect).  In sum, we find that motivational interviewing is acceptable and feasible for elders, in addition to promoting their progress in the multiple stages of change as well as reducing their sedentary behavior by performing physical activity. Although further studies are required to assess the broad-scale impacts of the motivational interviewing as a nursing intervention, this intervention could potentially address the specifics needs of elders and help reduce their sedentary behavior.

Keyphrases: Elderly, Nursing intervention, Motivational interviewing, Coronary artery disease, Sedentary behavior, Behavioral change
Les perceptions de personnes âgées et de leurs proches quant au partenariat de soins pour la prévention de l’état confusionnel postopératoire : une étude de cas

Delirium is an acute neurocognitive disorder that occurs in more than 50% of older adults after surgery and has important clinical and psychological consequences. To optimize the prevention of this problem, nurses can intervene in care partnerships with the older adults and their caregivers. However, little is known about what they think of such a partnership. The purpose of this research was to explore the perceptions of older adults and their caregivers about care partnership with nurses to implement interventions that can prevent postoperative delirium. Based on Stake’s (1995) approach, a multiple case study was conducted on a surgical unit with four older adults who experienced a postoperative episode of delirium and their family caregivers. Qualitative data were collected, among others, through interviews and were processed with content analysis. The results highlight that the preferences of older adults and their caregivers to engage in partnerships vary depending on individual and organizational conditions. With a humanistic approach, they want the nurse to interact regularly with them to discuss and implement personalized interventions. Knowledge generated by this study has several implications in various nursing fields, including offering ways to foster creation of care partnerships based on the perspective and on the needs of hospitalized older adults and their caregivers.

Keyphrases: Dyade, Delirium, Surgery, Prevention, Nursing care, Care partnership, Older adults, Family caregivers, Multiple case study, Dyad
Le pacifisme en musique : autour du War Requiem de Benjamin Britten

The aim of this thesis is to situate Benjamin Britten’s (1913-1976) War Requiem, Op. 66 (1962) within a filiation of 20th-century pacifist musical works. Presenting a historical and aesthetical analysis of Britten’s pacifist oeuvre on one hand, it compares on the other the Requiem to similar works by Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975), Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990), and John Foulds (1880-1939). This comparative analysis allows to draw a bigger picture of pacifism in music while showing how these pieces develop an original and committed musical style. The first chapter explores the semantical and musical links between five works composed by Britten on themes related to war: Our Hunting Fathers Op. 8 (1936), music for the radio-drama King Arthur (1937), Ballad of the Heroes Op. 14 (1939), and Sinfonia da Requiem Op. 20 (1940). This analysis culminates with the establishment of a relationship between these works and the War Requiem, the apex of Britten’s pacifist engagement. The second chapter studies the missing links between A World Requiem, Op. 60 (1919-22) by John Foulds and Britten’s War Requiem. The two oratorios share pacifist meanings, a combination of religious and secular texts and even a similar instrumentation. A study of their premieres and of their respective reception helps understand why Fould’s oratorio was forgotten, while Britten’s rose to be considered a masterpiece. The third chapter links the War Requiem to three contemporary works that reflect the violence incurred during the Cold War : Shostakovich’s Symphonies No. 13 “Babi Yar”, Op. 113 (1962) and No. 14, Op. 135 (1969-70), as well as Bernstein’s oratorio MASS – A Theatre Piece for Dancers and Singers (1971). This study allows to enlarge the perspective of pacifism in music while defining Britten’s place in a repertory that spawned from the composers’ need to musically communicate the terrors provoked by war (among other violent actions) during a well-defined time frame: the 20th century.

Keyphrases: Benjamin Britten, War Requiem, John Foulds, Leonard Bernstein, violence, oratorio, symphonie, Dmitri Shostakovich, pacifism, musical analysis, symphony
La technique vocale de Michael Jackson : polyvocalité, théâtralité et virtuosité

Singing voice and constitution of a vocal style in popular music are full of possibilities and more complex than one could think at first sight. Indeed, depending on how they work with different parameters of vocal interpretation, singers can create protagonists, personalities and also evoke characters and emotions that modulate the text’s meaning of a song. As an emblem of pop music, Michael Jackson marks himself out by his virtuoso vocal technique, his intense theatricality and the various vocalities that he developped and expressed throughout his career. In this regard, this paper aims to explore the mysteries of this exceptional singer’s vocal tech- nique who still exerts an unprecedented influence in circles of pop music, rock and soul. More precisely, it’s about understanding how Michael Jackson’s polyvocality is expressed through his laryngeal mechanisms’ control (from chest voice to head voice as well as the technique of bel- ting) and his phonostylistic effects such as vibrato, airy voice, scream and growl. These elements from vocal technique are then spotted in three songs from the artist’s discography, all of them re- presenting contrasting characters. This paper ends with a teaching method’s proposition for pop singing, that takes into account vocal technique’s learning as well as a song’s pre-interpretative and interpretative work, in order to create a specific character or a distinctive vocal style.

Keyphrases: Persona, Singing, Voice, Popular music, Vocal style, Laryngeal mechanisms, Phonostylistic effects, Expressiveness, Interpretation, Pedagogical approach