NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La mise en exposition des œuvres d'art spoliées par les nazis : étude de cas de l'exposition de la collection de Jacques Goudstikker

This thesis, dedicated to the display of looted art by Nazis after World War II, is particularly dedicated to the wave of current exhibitions operating from 2005 till 2010. Throughout this unique museum event, which consists of one temporary exhibition per year on average, a renewed interest for the events pertaining to World War II prevails. Considering this singular statement, we examined the major current stakes in these exhibitions. This thesis presents a retrospective of these exhibitions from 1946 till 2010.    Looted art exhibitions in France have been the object of important research by the influential art historian Reesa Greenberg and were presented in a museographic periodisation from which arise three phases contained between 1933 and 2004, the year of her article’s publication. The addition of two cycles based on French public restitution policy by the historian Claire Andrieu, besides the one proposed by Reesa Greenberg, was included in our analysis.  In embodying these two sources, we have testified to two important phases of restitution dealing with exhibition, beginning after 1945 for the first one and at the end of the 1990s for the second one, bringing to light numerous associations between the artistic plunder and the Holocaust, the manifold persecutions against Jews and the evolution of our perception on these events.  The pursuit of this reflection was made possible thanks to the case study dedicated to the exhibition of the art collection that was partly returned in 2006 by the Netherlands’government to the daughter-in-law of the Jewish collector Jacques Goudstikker, whose gallery was looted in 1940 in Amsterdam by Hermann Göring. Therefore, a visit of the exhibition at the Jewish Museum in New York in 2009 was included in the global analysis in order to facilitate our understanding of the current exhibitions. Within this new phase of exhibition, where the reclaiming of the looted paintings is regularly disputed, the relation between memory, the dead and the missing persons who have become the ghosts of the Holocaust and their stolen properties is omnipresent. Thus the exhibitions, at this beginning of the XXI century, allow us more than ever to assert that the events bound to the artistic plunder are still a part of a yet unfinished chapter.

Keyphrases: restitution, Jacques Goudstikker, Exhibition, looted art, restitution, XXI century
L'évolution de la migration interrégionale au Québec (1991-2006)

This thesis presents in its first part a detailed analysis of migratory flows between Quebec’s different administrative regions between 1991 and 2006. We used a few indicators which enabled us to quantify the importance of these movements on both the region of origin and the host population. In order to accomplish this task, we used the migratory flow matrices between the 17 administrative regions of Quebec that are published by the Institut de la Statistique du Québec, who makes use of the file of the Régie de l’assurance-maladie du Québec (RAMQ). The methods of analysis we used allowed us to measure the intensity of these flows, their spatial concentration, the spatial orientation of the emigrants, the hierarchies of the administrative regions, as well as the efficiency of Quebec’s interregional migrations. We analyzed how Quebec’s administrative regions are affected by interregional migration. In the second part of this thesis, we directed our attention to interregional migration as a function of certain age groups. The study of migrations as a function of the age group allowed us to better understand the demographical consequences of these movements for the regions of origin and of destination, particularly on the population structure resulting from these flows. Finally, in the third part, we analyzed the migratory movements between the island of Montreal and the Regional County Municipalities of its four surrounding regions to understand the role of the urban spread in the emigration of Montrealers. The results obtained allow us to deduce a few tendencies. Firstly, we have established that migration in the province of Quebec happens from remote regions to central regions. These winning regions contain the important urban centres of the province, or are adjacent to them: Quebec, Montreal and Ottawa. We are therefore witnessing a redefinition of Quebec’s landscape: the North is being deserted, there is weak growth in the centre, and in the Montreal metropolitan area, especially in the regions in the suburbs of the island of Montreal, there is a clear growth. Next, the analysis as a function of the age group illustrated that the non-central regions very rarely present positive net migrations, and that youth leave these regions in great numbers. For the island of Montreal, it is the youth that arrive in great numbers. However, people over thirty abandon the island and head for other regions of the province. These departures are beneficial for the neighbouring regions, who receive huge growths in young workers. Finally, the analysis of the migratory exchanges between the island of Montreal and the RCMs of its four neighbouring regions allowed us to notice that these RCMs very often win in their migratory exchanges. This is particularly true for the 2001-2006 period, when only two territories lose in their migratory exchanges with the other regions in the system, namely the island of Montreal and the Longueuil RCM.

Keyphrases: Migrations, Québec, Migration, Administrative region, Quebec, Migration indicators, Regional Municipalities of County, Urban Spree
Une diversité homogène: métissage et nationalisme dans le Mexique postrévolutionnaire (1921 – 1945)

The aim of this study is to explore the role played by the Mestizo as a central figure of the nation building process in post-revolutionary Mexico (between 1921 and 1945). Our approach is threefold: firstly, It synthesises the evolution and changes in the literary construction of the Mestizo (which evolved from an undesired but unavoidable consequence of colonisation into the ideal of a new, homogeneous and distinctive national population), and the concomitant integration of this ideas into political discourse. Secondly, it explores the role played by the State’s intellectuals and scientists in the creation of a body of knowledge that legitimated the Mestizo as a convenient symbol of Mexican citizenship. Finally, it studies the ways in which these discourses crystallized in a series of technologies aiming at the construction of the Mexican mestizo population. The technologies studied here are, following the notion of biopolitics as developed by Michel Foucault, the production of official statistics and the creation of public health policies and institutions aimed at creating the notion and specific characteristics of the average Mexican (which were more focused on the cultural than in the phonotypical aspects). In defining what was a Mexican supposed to be, the nationalist project was also pushing out of the limits of the us those individuals who refused or were not able to comply with the definition of a Mestizo.

Keyphrases: Miscegenation, Mexico, Demography, Public health, State racism
La construction sociale de la sexualité chez des adolescents vivants en situation de pauvreté à Belém, état du Para, Brésil : dispositifs de sexualité et d'alliance selon Michel Foucault

There is a discourse, gaining in popularity every day in academic and professional environment, which is reproduced in family and socio-cultural day-to-day life, regarding an adolescence perceived as problematic, a stage of crisis with which it is difficult to negotiate. Based on the writings of Foucault (1976), it is possible to think that this concern enters into the western construct of apparatus of sexuality. Based on this concept, the objective of this research project was to identify the possible constructs of one or more apparatus of sexuality in adolescents living in poverty in Brazil (Belém, Pará). The research methodology selected was a qualitative assessment using an ethnographic approach consisting in describing and interpreting a socio-cultural system or group (Creswell, 1998). The principal data collection technique, in addition to ethnographic observation and documentary analysis, was face-to-face in-depth interviews based on open questions. Fourteen adolescents living in the same underprivileged Belém neighbourhood were observed and interviewed, as well as their parents. The data analysis, carried out using Bardin’s content analysis (1977), revealed a apparatus of sexuality among the adolescents, parents and teachers interviewed based on the school, the church, the media and the State, which was described as a apparatus of safe sex whereas a apparatus of alliance, within the meaning of Foucault, was described after analysis and confirmation of the data as an alliance of the powerful. These results, with new information on an Amazonian sexuality arising from local Boto and Iara legends, cast new light on the question of the social construct of sexuality among adolescents living in poverty in Belém in the Brazilian state of Pará and led to specific recommendations to improve research and professional practices.

Keyphrases: Foucault, adolescence, Belém, Apparatus of sexuality, Apparatus of alliance, Foucault, Adolescence, Poverty, Belém, Brazil, Foucault, Belém
Isolement et caractérisation de bactériophages comme moyen de lutte naturel contre les infections nosocomiales

Nosocomial infections are directly related to opportunistic germs, which are often resistant to antibiotics and persistent on surfaces, representing a high infectious risk in hospitals. In this context, the isolation and characterization of bacteriophages specifically targeting nosocomial bacteria such as resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resistant Enterococcus (VRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii, could provide a natural bactericidal alternative against the transmission of these infections. Phages, isolated from waste water, were selected according to their capacity of amplification, their genomic profile and lytic potential towards various bacterial clinical strains. The best ones were characterized in detail to primarily ensure their specificity, safety, stability and effectiveness, before studying their in vivo usage. Seven phages against MRSA and three against Acinetobacter baumanii were characterized. Four MRSA phages proved to be good potential candidates and could be tested in hospitals as disinfectant agents with the aim of fighting nosocomial infections.

Keyphrases: Transmission, Bacteriophages, Nosocomial infections, Transmission, Hospitals, Resistance, Antibiotics
Développement d’outils analytiques pour évaluer la biodisponibilité du Cd dans les eaux douces

Phytochelatins (PC) are polypeptides having the general structure, (alpha-Glu-Cys)n-Gly, where n = 2 to 11. Many plants respond to an elevated concentration of metals in environment, particularly Cd, by synthesizing PC. The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the bioavailability of the Cd in fresh water by determining phytochelatins in algae, C. reinhardtii, by online HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The gold of this work was the validation of the analytical method i.e. the determination of the calibration curves and the limits of detection. The addition of dithiothreitol (DTT), 25 mM, was found to be necessary to maintain the PC in their reduced form for analysis. It was shown that the liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) technique has excellent potential for PC analysis, however, it will still requires some more work with respect to sample purification. Furthermore, the stability of the PC was evaluated for different sample storage temperatures. At all temperatures studied, some degradation of PC was observed possibly due to physical rather than chemical or bacterial reasons. Finally, the induction of phytochelatins (PC2, PC3 and PC4) was observed in C. reinhardtii for two Cd concentrations (10-7 M and 10-6 M) and for several induction times (1, 2, 4, and 6 h).

Keyphrases: C. reinhardtii, CLHP-ESI-MS/MS, Validation, Phytochelatins, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, Stability
L’utérus artificiel ou l’effacement du corps maternel : de l’obstétrique à la machinique

Faced with the present development of artificial womb technology, this master thesis aims to comprehend its sociohistorical origins and logic. Making use of a « cartography of the present » method of analysis, we start off by establishing the empirical constitution of ectogenesis, such as it is expressed in laboratory research and actual expert discourses on the subject. This preliminary analysis enables us to draw the problematic question of the erasure of the maternal body from the scene of reproduction, which we frame in a sociohistorical and anthropological perspective. Our principal hypothesis states that the artificial womb represents a radical outcome of current social representations and practices. Therefore, we try to trace the path of this radicalization by scrutinizing assisted procreation, from the medieval midwives’ practice to modern obstetrics and contemporary techno-maternity. Thus the genealogy of the increasing medicalization, pathologization, and technicization of the maternal body serves to identify the social construction of a mechanical maternity. In other words, we argue that our present mode of procreation continually erases the body and thus sets the scene for the implantation of the artificial womb.

Keyphrases: Technosciences, Risque, Body, Maternity, Procreation, Technoscience, Reproductive technologies, Medicalization/biomedicalization, Social control, Feminism, Risk, Empowerment
Les théories implicites des agresseurs sexuelles d'enfants

Objective: The goal of this thesis was to further examine implicit theories of male child molesters in a sample of French speaking offenders to determine whether we could replicate Ward and Keenan’s proposed categorization. It was also to investigate the possibility of finding new implicit theories in our sample. Method: 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with convicted child molesters (Robert-Giffard hospital, Montée St-François institution). Two independent raters selected all cognitive distortions found in these interviews and codified them into categories. The categories were then assessed in order to make sure that the categories allow an optimal classification of the child molesters’ cognitive distortions. In order to do this, raters independently re-coded three interviews, and compared the resulting categories. The data was analyzed with NVivo, a statistical package for qualitative data. Results were discussed and compared to those of Ward and Keenan (1999). Results: Results of this research have helped to find six implicit theories. Entitlement, Uncontrollability and Nature of harm were identical to their original version. Dangerous World varied slightly from what Ward and Keenan (1999) found because we found no evidence of the direct causal link between views of adults and views of children. Instead, we found that child molesters have specific and separate perceptions of adults and children. Also, results have shown that child molesters have a dichotomic perception of women. This result is consistent with finding from Polaschek and Ward (2004) about their Women are unknowable implicit theory. Child as Sexual Being varied from his original version as for his conceptualization. Child as Partners is a new implicit theory not discussed by Ward and Keenan. This result is consistent with findings from Wilson (1999) on sexual offenders’ emotional congruence toward children.

Keyphrases: sexual aggression, child molesters, implicit theories, cognitive distorsions
Relations entre les facteurs de risque maternels et l’indice de masse corporelle d’enfants québécois avec surcharge pondérale dans un hôpital de soins tertiaires

The etiology of childhood obesity is multifactorial and complex. Both the genetic inheritance and the environment of the child can contribute to overweight. As a result several studies have focused on the link between the family environment and in particular the role of the mother, and the child’s risk of obesity, in order to understand the maternal risk factors specific to each type of population and prevent this public health problem. This project aims to identify the relationships between maternal risk factors and the body mass index of overweight Quebecois children. Among the risk factors studied, relationship were observed among the mother’s level of education, her family status and the level of food insecurity. On the cognitive and behavioral level, we analysed the relation between the child’s body mass index (BMI) and the maternal perception of the child’s weight as well as the maternal level of dietary restriction. Forty seven telephone interviews were completed with mothers of obese or overweight children with a large questionnaire aimed to describe the profile of the family during their visit to Sainte Justine Hospital outpatient clinic. The tests of Fisher for category-specific variables and the T test for the comparison of the averages of children’s BMI Z-score were used to perform the statistical analyses. The results show that there is a significant correlation between the mother’s level of education and the presence of food insecurity in families of overweight children. Concerning the cognitive aspect, children whose mother restricted their food consumption had obtained a significantly higher BMI Z-score than those whose mother did not restrict food. These results suggest that there are links between the socioeconomic and behavioural profil of the mother and the child’s body mass index. Tests taken over a larger sample will be necessary in order to confirm those results. The objective, among other things, is to better target children with risks regarding stoutness or obesity and to improve tools for health professionals that are in contact with those families.

Keyphrases: Childhood obesity, Maternal risk factors, Mother feeding practice, Mother’s perception of child weight
La compétence orthographique d'élèves dyslexiques du primaire

Learning to spell is very difficult for dyslexic children. Their difficulties to spell are known to be persistent. It can be explained by a deficit in processing phonological information. However, in order to spell correctly in an alphabetic language as French, phonological knowledge is required, as spelling is based on the connections between oral and written language. In addition to phonological knowledge, the orthographical system of French demands from the speller to acquire visual-orthographic and morphological knowledge. The majority of studies aimed at describing dyslexic children’s spelling abilities refers to English and to reading.   The general goal of this study is to describe the spelling performance, in an explanatory viewpoint, of 26 dyslexic children, French-Canadian and aged 9 to 12 years old. The specific goals are to describe the spelling performances of these pupils in context of free productions and to compare them to those of 26 normally achieving children matched on age (AC) and to those of 29 younger normally achieving children matched on reading-level (RC). To do so, errors were classified according to phonological, visuo-orthographic and morphological properties of French written words. The results indicate that the dyslexic pupils made performances lower than those of the CA, but sometimes also than those of the CL. The results are discussed according to the types of knowledge required to spell correctly in French and to special-education intervention avenues.

Keyphrases: Dyslexie, Dyslexia, Reading ability, Reading disabilities, Learning disabilities, Learning disorders, Spelling, Spelling skills, Orthography, Spelling development, French language
Le cancer épithélial des ovaires à cellules claires et de type mucineux exprime un niveau élevé de HYAL-1 : corrélation inverse avec l’expression des récepteurs d’estrogène et de progestérone

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is morphologically heterogeneous being classified as serous, endometrioid, clear cell, or mucinous. Molecular genetic analysis has suggested a role for tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 3p in the pathogenesis of serous EOC. Our objective was to evaluate the expression of HYAL-1, located at chromosome 3p21.3, in these EOC subtypes, and to verify a possible correlation with the expression of steroid hormone receptors. We analyzed the mRNA expression of HYAL-1, estrogen receptor (ER)-α, ER-β and progesterone receptor (PR) in EOC tumor samples and cell lines using quantitative RT-PCR. We also performed bioinformatics analyses on the expression of these genes using a publicly available microarray dataset. HYAL-1 enzyme activity was measured in EOC cell lines and in plasma samples from patients. We found that HYAL-1 mRNA expression was elevated in clear cell and mucinous EOC tissue samples, but not in serous and endometrioid samples, normal ovaries or benign tumors. Significantly, similar results were obtained by two different techniques and with tissue sample cohorts from two independent institutions. Concordantly, HYAL-1 mRNA levels and enzyme activity were elevated in EOC cell lines derived from clear cell and mucinous subtypes. We also showed that HYAL-1 mRNA was inversely correlated to that of ER-α and PR, but not to that of ER-β, specifically in clear cell and mucinous EOC tissue samples. HYAL-1 activity was also high in the plasma of patients with these EOC subtypes. Our results suggest Hyaluronidase-1 as a potential target/biomarker for clear cell and mucinous EOCs and especially in tumors with low levels of ER-α and PR.

Keyphrases: Hyaluronidase-1, ovarian cancer
Évaluation échocardiographique des effets du pimobendane dans le traitement des maladies valvulaires dégénératives canines asymptomatiques

Background: Mitral Valve disease (MVD) is the most common acquired cardiac affectation of the dog, and is therefore associated with an undeniable clinical and economical importance for veterinarians and pet owners. Despite active research, at this time no known treatment has been proven to delay the onset of congestive heart failure. Pimobendan is a novel inodilator that has shown promising results in the treatment of advanced MVD, but little is known about its hemodynamic effects, especially regarding the mitral regurgitant volume in naturally occurring asymptomatic MVD. Hypothesis: Administration of pimobendan decreases the regurgitant fraction (RF) of dogs with asymptomatic MVD. Animals: Twenty-four client-owned dogs affected by ISACHC class Ib MVD. Methods: Prospective, blinded, controlled clinical trial. Dogs were assigned to a pimobendan (0.2-0.3 mg/Kg q12h) treatment group (n=19) or a control group (n=5). Echocardiographic evaluations were performed over a 6 month study period. Results: Administration of pimobendan to treatment did not decrease the RF of dogs affected by asymptomatic class 1b MVD over the study period (p=0.85). There was a significant increase in the ejection fraction of the pimobendan treated dogs at day (80.8 +/- 1.42 vs. 69.0 +/- 2.76, p=0.0064), and a decrease in systolic left ventricular diameter (p=0.011). However, this improvement in systolic function was not sustained over the 6 month trial period.

Keyphrases: valve, PISA, echocardiography, dog, mitral, valve, pimobendan, Asymptomatic, PISA