Étude du rôle de la dopamine et de la sérotonine dans l’effet atténuateur des antipsychotiques et de l’OSU-6162 sur la récompense induite par la stimulation du faisceau médian prosencéphalique chez le rongeur

The mesocorticolimbic pathway is composed of neural elements that originate in the mesencephalic ventral tegmental area and project to cortical and sub-cortical areas. Dopamine (DA) neurons that constitute a major portion of this pathway play a role in several cognitive functions such as the attention, learning and reward.  DA cell activity increases when the organism anticipates and receives a reward, as well as during the learning phase of appetitive behaviors.  When dopaminergic impulse flow becomes aberrant, stimuli that should be considered as neurtral become salient and acquire an improper signification.  This functional abnormality of the dopaminergic system underlies psychotic symptoms that are observed in schizophrenia.  This hypothesis is reinforced by the fact that clinically effective antipsychotic drugs all display antagonism at the D2 sub-type of DA receptors.  Classical antipsychotic drugs (i.e. haloperidol) possess a high affinity for D2 receptors while atypical antipsychotic drugs (i.e. clozapine) possess a higher affinity for type 2a (5-HT2a) serotonin receptors than for D2 receptors. Atypical antipsychotics seem more effective against negative symptoms (i.e. anhedonia) of schizophrenia and induce less extrapyramidal side effects and dysphoria than classical antipsychotics.  It has been proposed that this efficacy of atypical antipsychotics is explained by their antagonistic action at both, the 5-HT2a and the D2 receptors. To better understand the mechanisms of actions of these drugs, we studied their effects on reward using the intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) model in rodents.  The aim of a first study was to evaluate the effect of a selective 5-HT2a receptor antagonist, M100907, on the reward, and on the reward attenuation induced by haloperidol.  The hypothesis was that the reward attenuation induced by the addition of M100907 to haloperidol is similar to the reward attenuation induced by clozapine alone. In a second study, the effect on reward of a D2 receptor partial agonist, OSU-6162, was characterized under two conditions: i) a basal condition and ii) under a state of abnormal dopaminergic neurotransmission elicited by systemic administration of quinpirole, a D2/D3 agonist.  The hypotheses were that OSU-6162 i) should attenuate stimulation-induced reward and ii) prevent quinpirole-induced reward attenuation and reward facilitation. Results showed that M100907, when give alone, did not alter reward; however when administered with haloperidol reduced the reward attenuation.  Co-administration of M100907 and haloperidol induced a reward attenuation of a similar amplitude to that of clozapine, suggesting that 5-HT2a antagonism activity of this latter drug contributes to its effects on reward.  Results from the second study showed that OSU-6162 dose-orderly attenuates reward and quinpirole-induced reward facilitation; however it did not reduce quinpirole-induced reward attenuation.  This last observation suggests that OSU-6162 acts like a functional antagonist at post-synaptic D2 receptors. A large body of data suggests that the ICSS behavior constitutes a valid model to evaluate the antipsychotic potential of new compounds. ICSS behavior is attenuated by clinically effective antipsychotics is weakly, or not at all, altered by compounds without antipsychotic activity.  Results obtained in this thesis allow us to predict that OSU-6162 possesses an antipsychotic activity that would be similar to that of atypical, without altering the serotonergic neurotransmission.

Keyphrases: Clozapine, Dopamine, OSU-6162, Antipsychotic, Clozapine, Dopamine, Haloperidol, intracranial self-stimulation, OSU-6162, Psychosis, Reward, Schizophrénia, Serotonin