NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Hip-hop, africanité, mixité : les représentations identitaires multiples chez les jeunes Guadeloupéens urbains

Guadeloupe was built around the slave trade of African people, European colonization, and multiple waves of migrant workers (Indians, Syrians, etc.). Some scholars conceptualize the ethnicities and identities of these populations as mixed and “new”; Creolization, where a link to the "Old World" is no longer relevant (Glissant, 1997: Bonniol 2006, etc.). Others see an essentialist notion of African identity, Afrocentricity, while old colonial empires’ cultural alienations are denounced (Asante, 2007: Mazama, 1997). How do young urban Guadeloupeans represent their own identities today ? Do they participate in this ideological debate through their identifications? This thesis is based on thirteen semi-structured interviews of youths in their twenties living in Pointe-à-Pitre and peripheral urban areas who mainly associate themselves with hip-hop culture, and a series of participant observations made in the recording studios of the project participants (summer 2014). Based on this research, I have concluded that Guadeloupe's collective identity can be represented as multiethnic, sometime comprised of a notion of mixed ethnicity, and often of African ancestry. However, representation of creole or afrocentric is rare. Moreover, some young people put forward their africanity, while others identify themselves with slave ancestors or mixed ethnicity. Hip-hop culture is also an important part of their identity representations. It is difficult to point out speech patterns because their identity dynamics are diversified. This study highlights the diversity of identity representations and the importance of considering individual identity dynamics rather than collective identity discourses present in particular in Creolisation or Afrocentricity

Keyphrases: Identification, Multiple identities, Ethnic mixedness, Hip-hop, Creolization, Afrocentricity, Africanity, Youths, Guadeloupe, Caribbean
La pierre polie à l'embouchure de la rivière Sainte-Marguerite : caractérisation pétrographique, technologique et spatiale d’un locus de production de l’Archaïque moyen à supérieur

Located on Baie Sainte-Marguerite, close to the Saguenay fjord, station B of the DbEl- 10 site was host to Maritime Archaic groups. Many polished stone tools made out of a wide  variety  of  raw  materials  were  maunfactured  in  situ  and  maintained  on  the  site.  Through  a  multidisciplinary approach that combines petrographic, technological and spatial analyses, we  seek to better understand the manner in which polished stone tool production was organized on  DbEl-10B.    Based on the type of rock, on the concentration of artifacts around identified hearths, and their  association with specific production stages and tools, it is possible to identify specialized areas  without the site being a specialized production workshop. While this thesis provides a better  understanding of the occupation of the DbEl-10B site, it also brings to light behaviours that were  inspired by economic and cultural choices.     Chaînes  opératoires  associated  with  eight  distinct  raw  materials  are  described  and  reveal  different adaptations based on the physical properties of the stones. The spatial distribution of  production steps and of tool fragments allows the formulation of hypotheses concerning the  location of distinct activities practiced by the occupants of the DbEl-10B site. These activities  concern different techniques used in the production of ground stone objects, their recycling or  their use as finished tools.

Keyphrases: Saguenay, Polished stone tools, Northeastern North America, Maritime Archaic, Petrography, Spatial distribution
La transition du curatif aux soins de fin de vie en néonatologie : une ethnographie de la prise de décision chez les soignants

This master's thesis in anthropology is the result of fieldwork conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of the CHU Sainte-Justine. It aims to document the decision-making practices regarding the withdrawal of life-sustaining interventions. The patients’ end-of-life treatment decisions are underpinned by ethical, socio-cultural, and professional issues. Through extended observations and interviews with caregivers from this service, these situations have proven to be riddled with uncertainty and characterized by differences of opinion. Far from being randomly distributed, these differences are generally divided along the lines of the medical and nursing professions. This study therefore concentrates on the organization of work in neonatology to better understand its influence on the formation of values and moral stances. The healthcare professionals’ relationship with uncertainty, as well as the choice to share or not the decision-making process within the healthcare team, are connected to these moral positions and reveal social and organizational dynamics at work within this hospital department. Finally, work in neonatology is observed through the lens of the cure and care dimensions of healthcare. From this perspective, end-of-life situations appear as an opportunity to offer care while recognizing the singularity and humanity of both caregivers and care receivers.

Keyphrases: Medical anthropology, Hospital ethnography, End of life, Withdrawal of life-sustaining interventions, Decision making, Ethics, Interprofessional relations, Uncertainty
Une ethnographie à Penang : la mise en scène des relations interethniques à travers le prisme alimentaire

Malaysia, populated by Malays, Chinese and Indians, is a country where diversity is a fundamental factor, evident in different areas and reflected especially in its cuisine. In the state’s categorization of ethnic identities, unity and interethnic relations in the country have been a crucial issue throughout history and still remain the case today. This research aims to expose the complex interactions between the three main ethnic groups of the country and the way in which people express their identities in the culinary sphere. The data for this research is based on six months of fieldwork conducted in Penang with thirty respondents from all three ethnic groups. The results of this investigation provides an analysis of (1) the public spaces and the interethnic commensality on the island (2) the creative factors contributing to cohesions or social dissociation (3) the relationship between identity and food. This research provides a view of the position of minorities in the country: the Indians and Chinese in Malaysia. Its focalization on the anthropology of food also aims to show that dietary practices are intrinsically linked to ethnic identity.

Keyphrases: Penang, Cuisine, Malaysia, Food, Interethnic relations, Identity, Ethnicity, Anthropology
Manifestations microscopiques des charges biomécaniques sur le second métacarpe humain

Bone remodeling is the process by which the skeleton can be renewed throughout the life of individuals (Toppets and al. 2004). It is well known that bone remodeling is a function of both mechanical (loads, activities) and non-mechanical factors such as metabolic needs of the bone (Pierson and Lieberman 2004; Rosas and Martinez-Maza 2010). However, the effects of mechanical environment on bone remodeling still remain poorly understood (Lad and al. 2016; Pfeiffer and al. 2006). This study aims to evaluate the microscopic bone responses to mechanical loading. The sample analyzed represents pairs of second metacarpal from two genetically separated populations (n=103, 55 Euro-Canadiens and 48 Inuits). From mid-shaft sections, thin sections were analyzed using four anatomical quadrants: anterior, medial, posterior and lateral. In order to control the influence of non-mechanical factors on bone remodeling, the asymmetry between pairs of metacarpals is calculated for each variable studied. Mechanical loading is estimated from the asymmetry values of three macroscopic biomechanical variables: Imax, Imin and J. Besides, asymmetries of osteon population density (OPD), mean areas of osteons and Havers canals were measured to estimate the microscopic bone response. Furthermore, it was tested the effect of osteon population density on osteon area. Results show that osteon population density decreases in some groups (in St-Thomas men r = - 0,412 and Inuit women r = -0,547), and the mean area of osteon and Havers canals increase in the more loaded side (in St-Thomas r = 0,297). In addition, there is a negative relationship between increased density of osteons and their mean areas in the posterior quadrant in St-Thomas women (r = -0,496). In conclusion, mechanical loading seems to have an impact on bone microstructure, making possible the inference of mechanical loadings through the study of bone histomorphology.

Keyphrases: Biomechanics, Bone remodeling, Histomorphology, Activity, Second metacarpal
Étude de la diversité des populations historiques de Montréal et de Québec par l’analyse de la morphologie dentaire : le cimetière catholique de la première église Notre-Dame (1691-1796) et le cimetière protestant Saint-Matthew de Québec (1771-1860)

Two colonisation events occurred in Quebec, from 1608 to 1763 (New France), and after 1763 (British Regime), providing new waves of immigrants. In order to examine differences and similarities between the latter waves and the possible interactions between the immigrants and the local communities already living on the territory, dental morphology, which allows us to propose paleogenetic interpretations on the ancestry of past populations, has been analysed for the following two groups: 37 individuals from the cemetery of the Première Église Notre-Dame in Montreal (1691-1796); and 61 individuals from the cemetery of Saint-Matthew in Quebec City (1771-1860). We used the Arizona State University’s -Dental Anthropology System protocol for the observation of dental traits. Mean measures of divergence and population heterogeneity analysis (R Matrix and Fst modified for non-metric data) were calculated. Biodistance values confirm that the majority of the analysed individuals from both collections were of European ancestry. However, intra-population analysis was able to identify certain individuals who were closer to Native American variation. Furthermore, results of R matrix and Fst tests showed that Notre-Dame sample was slightly more heterogeneous. It seemed to have incorporated more of a Native American component than Saint-Matthew, probably through admixture, which was a consequence of the assimilation of “Christianised” Native Americans within the early colonial society. Therefore, although our results are preliminary, interactions between Europeans and local groups seem to have changed through time as a result of colonisation. The higher levels of admixture in the 18th century Montreal (in comparison to the 19th century Quebec City) might reflect a rather urgent need from the first European migrants to set up alliances with Native Americans for the long-term viability of the colony.

Keyphrases: Biodistance, Bioarchaeology, Dental Morphology, Ancestry, Admixture, Native Americans, French, British
La création d’un État de facto au Kurdistan irakien : un gain qui divise

In 1991, following the end of the Second Gulf War, a de facto state has been established in Iraqi Kurdistan. This transformation of a protest actor into a de facto state has been an unprecedented gain for the « Kurdish nationalist movement ». However, despite his historic importance, this gain has failed to overtake divisions within the « Kurdish nationalist movement ». This thesis attempts to identity the reasons why the divisions have not faded away. The assumption is that the reason why these divisions have not been overtaken is because Iraqi Kurdistan has pursued a state-building project similar to those of de facto states. To test this hypothesis, this research links de facto state’s literature, Iraqi Kurdistan behaviour and the divisions of the « Kurdish nationalist movement ». This thesis first demonstrate that this project has led Iraqi Kurdistan to establish other priorities that the « Kurdish nationalist movement » unity.  It then shows that to realize this state-building project, Iraqi Kurdistan has used external strategies that have affected the rest of the movement.

Keyphrases: Kurdistan, Iraqi Kurdistan, Kurds, Kurdish, De facto state, Legitimization, Legitimacy, State-building, Nationalist movement, Nationalism
Les habits neufs du colonialisme : aménagement urbain des communautés autochtones et persistance des politiques coloniales : le cas de Wendake

This research describes specific urban planning practices in the aboriginal community of Wendake, while acknowledging the colonial context in which they were created and are still exercised. It argues that the imposition of Crown jurisdiction on Indian land and the subsequent Indian Act policies are part of a settler colonialist framework that is still largely at play, as demonstrated by the limited management power that band councils do have over their communities’ urban planning according to the Indian Act, and by the rules set out by the Canadian Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development, which pose severe constraints on any development or improvement measures.

Keyphrases: Gouvernance autochtone, Nation huronne-wendate, Urban planning, Indigenous community, Housing policy, Settler colonialism, Indigenous governance
Le développement d’une pratique réflexive par le processus de design : soutenir l’équipe d’intervention d’un projet d’insertion socioprofessionnelle

This research project took place at Carrefour jeunesse-emploi des Chutes-de-la-Chaudière with a team of social workers from a socioprofessional integration project: le plateau de travail (the work platform). What launched this project was the social workers’ need to reflect, as they were attempting to resolve a complex issue relating to the project. It is within this context that we were able to assist these social workers in developing their design process, which they named the creative process.  Evaluating a social project using indicators is often utilized within the framework of New Public Management (NPM). This type of management requires a “planned” coordination that does’nt favour a “conversation with the situation” within the carrying out of a project, which, according to Schön (1996), is an essential characteristic of practices having to do with conception. Thus we put forth the hypothesis that it is possible to break free of the deadlocks of plan conception by attempting to introduce project modalities which belong to design.   Since we were involved in the situation as development officers, we opted for a methodological research-project approach. In order to be able to review this process, we utilized a journal, transcriptions of video recordings and analyzed discursive contents (coding).    Analyzing the data has allowed us to observe the conditions which support the reflective pratice of the intervention team. First of all, the will to change the situation has lead the team to begin its design process and to an initial definition of the problem. Afterwards, the dynamic of the team has developped throughout our encounters based on mutual understanding, egalitarian rapport (Boutinet, 2005) and interventions which reinforced the group’s cohesion. Setting up a space to converse with the situation has allowed the social workers to put their familiar references in common (Thévenot, 2006), to apply their analogical thinking and narrative imagination and to develop their reflective practice (Schön, 1994). Finally, they have persisted in the process by accepting the existence of wicked problems (Rittel & Webber, 1973) and by considering uncertainty as an ally.

Keyphrases: Design social, Design process, Reflective practice, Social design, Socioprofessional integration project, Research project, New public management, Wicked problems
Identification des freins et leviers associés à l’expérience de la mise en oeuvre de l’autodéclaration environnementale au coeur de PME québécoises

Ubiquitous in the business management’s strategy, environmental issues are a distinctive factor in what drives the manufacturing sector. Taking part in a trend that requires a high level of enthusiasm, environmental concerns of manufactured products are on the rise as of recent. Based on the ideology of sustainable development and on eco-design statements, companies tend to take advantage of environmental properties by using it as a main sales argument. As a result, environmental communication is gaining more and more importance through advertising so-called green marketing. Self-declaration is among these communications tools. Self-declaration is the most permissive tool and allows great freedom to manufacturers. In regard to its flexibility, it lacks guidelines. Therefore, it often results in a miscommunication and a misunderstanding where veracity can be questioned. The lack of accuracy of the argument can be the result of the industry’s unwillingness or a good will with pitfalls concerning the comprehension and use of the norm’s guidelines. The opinion of stakeholders is thus divided. Therefore, the reputation of self-declaration has been under the spotlight for sometime. Although being the simplest, cheapest and less time-consuming of all environmental tools, self-declaration is still highly used in the manufacturing industry. As 98 % of Québec’s industry is represented by small businesses (BDC, 2011:1), their reality of having limited resources makes it appropriate to use self-declaration. The popularity of the environmental compliance attracts consumers interest towards green products. However, the global controversy about those tends to impair consumers’ craze. In some cases, it may favor a cautious attitude and suggest a marketing skeems. This is likely to extrapolate and generalize consumers’ negative perceptions towards the entire green products market segment. The companies’ ethical principles are being questioned. The lack of accuracy of the argument due to the tool’s insufficient directives makes it hard to defend their arguments.  This qualitative research aims to highlight the self-declaration procedures. This multiples case study document the path of small and medium businesses in Québec concerned with self-declared environmental approaches; both business managers and advisors of the Institute of Product Development are invited to semi-directed interviews. The data analysis presents the benefits of the use of “double labeling”. This strategy combines the benefits of certification and self-declaration. In the process of strategically enhancing the standing of self-declaration, ‘double labelling’ would be an option to adopt, the ultimate goal being a well deserved recognition of its merits. This research invites industrial designers to get more involved in the development of communication, due to their skills and knowledge.

Keyphrases: Sustainable Development, Environmental communication, Environmental self-declaration, ISO 14021 claims type 2, Quebec’s SME
Élaboration et mise à l’essai d’une grille d’évaluation de la qualité de documentation infirmière

Documentation is an important aspect of nursing practice, and is the nurse’s main communication tool. However, nursing documentation is quite complex and often poorly completed.   In the spring of 2015, the McGill University Health Center (MUHC), implemented new guidelines for nursing documentation and added new types of documentation throughout the organization. This internship project, in collaboration with the MUHC documentation committee, helped to develop and test an audit tool to evaluate the quality of nursing documentation currently in practice at the MUHC.   Donabedian’s Framework (1980) assesses the quality of care by examining structures, processes and outcomes. This framework helped structure the 31 elements included in the nursing quality assessment tool that was developed. The evaluation of the quality of the documentation of 20 patients’ health records made it possible to show that the elements of structure of documentation were well documented. On the other hand, some aspects of the nursing process such as assessment, response and plan were less so.   In summary, an audit tool to evaluate nursing documentation was developed using evidence-based literature and pilot tested using 20 health records. This instrument will contribute to the overall knowledge of the quality of nursing documentation at the MUHC. In addition, evaluation of the quality of nursing documentation can highlight areas of improvement and allow the organization to validate the training needs of the nurses in this area.

Keyphrases: nursing records, nursing documentation, evaluation, charting, focus charting, quality improvement, quality assurance, audit tool, evaluation approaches
Facteurs influençant la multiplication de traitements en physiothérapie: une analyse thématique de la jurisprudence québécoise

Physical therapy is affected by a problem of multiplication of treatments; the frequency and the length of treatments can be inappropriate or disproportionate in the face of a patient’s needs. The multiplication of treatments can have financial, physical, psychological and social consequences. To explore the factors that influence the frequency and the total treatment duration in situations where there is a multiplication of treatments, a thematic analysis of the jurisprudence was conducted. Clinical and non-clinical factors influencing the frequency and the treatment duration were identified. Clinical factors mean that resource allocation is guided by the condition and the evolution of the patient. Non-clinical factors can include: pressure from the employer, requests of other health professionals or financial conflict of interests. This thematic analysis of the jurisprudence is a first step to understanding what motivates the clinical decisions of physical therapists regarding the allocation of physical therapy resources. This approach is essential to establishing policies and standards of practice that are attentive to the context of practice and the ethical, deontological and legal standards that shape the profession.

Keyphrases: jurisprudence, physical therapy, multiplication of treatments, thematic analysis, resource allocation