NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La construction du genre dans le discours du développement international : le cas d’un projet de l’agence allemande de développement GIZ au Maroc

This thesis aims to analyze the construction of gender in the development discourse expressed in a program conducted by the German development agency GIZ in Morocco. The analysis of about ten interviews with project managers and participants revealed the way they construct gender. Within the development discourse, gender is constructed by various actors (development agencies, local political institutions, feminist associations, etc.), with capacities for appropriation and adaptation. This places the construction of gender at the intersection between the international and the local, the North and the South, the universal and the specific. The development discourse tends sometimes to normalize gender as a measurable, pragmatic, performance- and result-oriented concept, instead of making it a political issue. On the other hand, gender is constructed by simplified ideas and representations of social relations between men and women in the Third World and in the East, taking the West as a referent. By adopting a feminist and postcolonial theoretical framework, this thesis pays particular attention to power relations, representations and discourses, and opposes itself to essentialism.

Keyphrases: postcolonial, development, gender, feminism, North/ South, Morocco
Perceptions et représentations de l’«engagement» chinois en Amérique latine : l’image médiatique de la Chine au Panama en 2017

China’s rise comes with an worldwide and increasing multidimensional engagement. That happens to be the case in Latin America. Academic literature is mainly concerned with the economic implications of this engagement. It shows quantitative and sectoral imbalances within the economic relations between the PRC and Latin America. Research is still to be broadened on how Latin America perceives this engagement. This paper aims to study how it is perceived and depicted in a Central American state : Panama. This research will be based on the digital version of a Panamanian newspaper, La Estrella de Panama, and it will cover China’s media image in 2017. This Master’s thesis shows that China has become a significant media subject in Latin America. The country gets a multidimensional coverage, and a highly positive image, despite deep imbalances within its economic relations with both Latin America and Panama. This paradox is based on a disproportionate number of positive information, together with an insufficient analysis of the drawbacks of the Chinese engagement. Economic interests lead Panama to promote relations with China, regardless of the challenges they raise in the region.

Keyphrases: Chine, China, Latin America, International Relations, Media, China in Latin America
Étude de l'environnement de mobilité quotidienne d'aînés avec l'aide d'un processus participatif : une évaluation des perceptions et de la valeur ajoutée

In Quebec, as in many developed countries, the aging of the population is a growing challenge. In addition, although the relationship of elder people to their environment and to the activity of walking is studied, elder people are often not actively involved when redeveloping their living space or walking spaces. One way to overcome this lack of involvement is the participatory design method. This research explores the perceptions of the environment of seniors, urban planning professionals and urban planning students who have been put in teams to rethink the walking space of the former, through a participatory design process. It also attempts to qualify the added value of using such a process when redeveloping/restructuring environments. This qualitative analysis was conducted through a process that took place over the duration of many month, which included an exploratory walk into the elder people’s living space, two participatory workshops, as well as semi-structured interviews, at the beginning and at the end of the processes, while attempting to detect if a change in discourse and perception of the environment has occurred. Comparisons between groups of participants were also performed. Our results highlight that the perception of the environment of our three groups of participants is specific to each one of them. In particular, we were able to point out that the subjective expertise that seniors have with their environment is crucial to them and unfortunately too often considered either superfluous or perceived as complaints by professionals. Our results confirm the scientific literature on what influences the walk of the elders and highlight the lack of information flow between the scientific and the professional community, raising a notable gap for environments to meet the needs of an aging society. Finally, the exercise demonstrates the relevance and added value of using participatory design because of its potential to gain specific insights through each individual expertise within the group of participants. It also allows to highlight the gaps to fill in the participatory process.

Keyphrases: seniors, walking, perception of the environment, participatory design, urban planning
La matière comme générateur d’expérience au sein des espaces intérieurs : Peter Zumthor et l’esthétique des atmosphères

In view of the growing stylization of everyday life, globalized phenomenon to which many philosophers and sociologists refer as “aestheticization of everyday life”, it seems essential to keep discussions going on the very nature of aesthetic experience, on its production and reception modes within the built environment. Moreover, this dissertation aims towards a deeper understanding of matter’s role as generator of meaningful experience within interior spaces. The research’s theoretical grounds are built upon philosopher John Dewey’s line of thoughts on art as experience, as well as upon philosopher and art historian Jean-Marie Schaeffer on aesthetic relationship through his attentional-emotional-hedonistic triad of processes. In order to contextualize thoughts within interior design’s built perspective, Gernot Böhme’s theory of perception, exemplified by the concept of atmosphere, is also considered. Three museums by Swiss architect Peter Zumthor are surveyed through a collection of narratives and first-hand observations. This fieldwork broadens the study’s aims towards an extended review of founding dimensions of aesthetic experience in interior spaces. Mixed analytical approaches such as theoritical confrontation, modeling and graphic representation as well as inductive reasoning uncovers five main conceptual scopes of interest: functional imperatives, physical realities, sensual reception, emotions and interpretation as well as temporality. The breakdown of these themes according to the extent of their effect on the visitor’s experience and the schematization of their interactions allows conceptual profiles for Bregenz Art Museum, Kolumba Museum and Allmannajuvet Zinc Mine Museum to emerge. The closing discussion strives to determine, on the one hand, whether the surveyed experiences are of aesthetic nature and on the other, to define dimensions of strong ascendency within significant experience of the chosen spaces, such as the “depragmatized” relationship, the emotional pull, the complexity of attentional investment, the context, the matter, the light and the time.

Keyphrases: Peter Zumthor, materials, aesthetics, atmospheres, interior design
Circularité des textiles «mal-aimés», une caractérisation  du gisement postconsommation

Currently 80% of clothing, accessories and linens sold in Canada are imported. Though not manufactured here, these textile products are collected by local organizations that sort them. However, since their main market is in reselling for export, several categories of unwanteds do not find takers and must be eliminated. In order to get a better grasp of the various forces at work, the research first explores the inner workings of production and consumption seen through the lens of Victor Papanek's durability of goods and Kate Fletcher's consumerism of fashion. It then addresses the environmental crisis, the measures introduced to reduce environmental impacts (ISO, EPR and 3RV), and tools such as eco-design and LCA. Finally, the research is concerned with the circular economy approach popularized by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF) to seize the opportunities it can offer within the textile sector. To support a transition to the circularity of textiles, the first step is to determine what are the characteristics of the clothes, accessories and linens present in the well of unwanteds post-consumer textiles which can be highlighted in new products. To discover potential outlets for these products, the textile materials available need to be quantify in order to list the physicochemical properties associated with them. The second objective is to identify the post-consumer unwanteds characteristics that can hinder or augment their recycling. The methodological approach inscribes itself into a logic of inductive research. The chosen approach is quantitative and descriptive. The goal being to obtain empirical data later transposed into statistics. During the data collection, more than 10,250 items were analyzed. The results show that the entire post-consumer textile well is composed by 47% of cellulosic fibers, dominated by cotton (39%), 42% of synthetic fibers, dominated by polyester (20%) and acrylic (17%), and 11% of animal fibers. In total, 49% of the garments are made of mixed fibers, 47% have contaminants that must be removed to collect only the fibers and 11% include liners made from another fabric. An in-depth analysis of the data has led to the development of a classification key to regroup manually the blended fibers. This new taxonomy makes it possible to obtain six new categories (NC) whose profile is unique. Supported by the science of textiles, areas of application for each NC are proposed in order to take advantage of the resulting properties. Furthermore, the analysis lead to the formulation of eco-design recommendations to facilitate their recycling. This research, conducted both at "meta" and "micro" level, lays the foundation for the deployment of a circular model for the textile industry in Québec.

Keyphrases: Design industriel, Textiles, Industrial design, Circular economy, Textiles, Recycling
De l'objet à l'expérience dans l'aménagement des lobby d'hôtels de luxe : le cas du Ritz-Carlton Montréal, Canada

This thesis draws on potential changes in the perpetually developing luxury hospitality industry. The study is focused on the concept of luxury experience in the development of the lobby to try to answer the problem: how is luxury experienced in the hotel sector today: how does it materialize itself starting in the lobby and what elements of interior design should be considered to better accommodate tomorrow’s clientele? The goal is to explore the interior design of a lobby, to understand the behavior of the users to orient the professionals of planning and design towards adapted models. The notion of luxury is no longer just a vision of objects, brands and ostentation, but evolves in an approach of experience associated with values of well-being and pleasure. Clients of these luxury properties are increasingly demanding, knowledgeable and constantly present day and night, concerned by the notion of time. Furthermore, globalization has participated in this transformation by promoting worldwide exchanges and introducing new technologies that popularized the luxury sector. Because of this diversity, it may be interesting to study the concept of space through luxury hotel lobby, where first contacts occur. The study takes place at the iconic Ritz-Carlton hotel in Montreal, dating back to 1912. Following an analysis of the site, trackings as well as semi-structured interviews with the working personnel were performed. The purpose of this work is to conclude whether luxury hotels have been capable of adapting their interior design to suit their different types of clienteles. The layout of these establishments calls for a design that mixes a variety of time- periods, combining ostentatious history with today’s customer experience-guided modernity. This study shows how the current distribution of customer categories would reveal new priorities in the management of space.

Keyphrases: Lobby, Experience, Hospitality, Interior design, Luxury
Concevoir l’aménagement d’un projet de paysage humanisé par une démarche de médiation : défis et limites

In 2002, the government of Quebec introduced the “humanized landscape” (paysage humanisé) status, a new category of protected area located within inhabited territories, that expanded existing nature conservation measures. Aimed at protecting the special biodiversity that is associated with cultural practices, this new category also constitutes Quebec’s first legal status for the conservation of landscapes. Furthermore, a status request must come from interested community groups rather than driven by a government initiative. Because these concerned areas are inhabited, the status refers to such landscape project as a ‘’collective territorial action’’. Since then, various groups have launched humanized landscape proposals for a number of sustainable territorial development projects. However, the process is long and complex besides bringing together actors with possibly opposite interests. While no territory has yet gained official recognition, it seems important for the landscape planning community to develop methods and tools that will support such achievement. This study undertaken as a research-action has demonstrated that landscape mediation is relevant to the progress of humanized landscape projects like the one for the Commune and Mitan islands in the Berthierville area. The methodology was mainly structured around workshop-meetings with the actors of the project. Their program supported by a landscape representation tool box observed a flexible and iterative process to take the results of participant decisions into account. The humanized landscape concept has shown its usefulness for supporting the concerned actors with their reflections, discussions, and action plans notwithstanding that disagreement may still occur at times. The professional competences of the landscape architect have successfully supported the process, but the process has shown the need of social skills and consequently to widen its formation. By doing so, the humanized landscape concept may change the role of a landscape architect during participatory landscape planning process to that of a mediator-designer. However, the landscape mediation cannot mitigate the absence of governmental assistance for a project of humanized landscape whereas its approach involves the commitment of many actors over a long period without financial aid.

Keyphrases: paysage, landscape, mediation, local development, natural heritage, cultural heritage
Design as a strategic tool for sustainability in northern and arctic contexts : case study of the arctic design concept in Finland

Globally, design is increasingly being perceived as a strategic tool for community development, well-being and innovation, both in theory and in practice. In the last few years, Finland has brought this notion to its northernmost regions through their emerging Arctic Design concept. While the concept has gained a lot of momentum, it remains, at this time, mostly Finnish-bound. Through a case study methodology, this thesis examines the ideas and visions underlying the concept of Arctic Design, and assesses its relevance for other northern regions, and in particular the province of Quebec, Canada. The data was collected through semi-directed interviews, conducted in northern Finland with leading actors involved in the concept’s strategic development. The theoretical framework employed draws on the perspectives of strategic design, sustainable design, and Nordicity (Hamelin, 1975). This study shows that design professionals are increasingly acting as key members within transdisciplinary projects and strategic areas, in order to address complex issues related to policy-making and broader societal change. This, in turn, opens up new avenues for both design practice and research in the topic of “northern design”. In particular, these findings suggest that design could play new roles in addressing northern and Arctic issues, by acknowledging local specificities (i.e. climates, socio-political frameworks, cultures) and allow the development of place-based solutions. By doing so, the province of Quebec could better use design as a catalyst of transitions towards sustainable futures among all its communities.

Keyphrases: Strategic Design, Arctic Design, Sustainable Design, Nordicity, Finnish design, Quebec, Finland
Des réseaux littéraires pour travailler la morphologie

The Québec Education Program emphasizes that the development of French language skills requires a rich and stimulating environment at the heart of which books occupy a place of choice. A profitable way to integrate books into one's teaching is to plan literary networks. Linking works together, around a common questioning, allows us to see similarities, differences and variations between the works in addition to integrating the three French skills. The overall goal of this directed work is to provide a literary network for first cycle primary school teachers to help their students develop a morphological awareness. The network, based on the author Thierry Dedieu, will allow students to identify the particularities of his style and his universe, in addition to learning to morphologically analyze words, in order to better understand what they read and better spell the words they write.

Keyphrases: Morphology, Derivational morphology, Inflectional morphology, Literary network
Perceived Academic Achievement and Social Integration in the Context of Social Software : a Comparative Study on Canadian and Chinese University Students

Today, social software is very popular among university students in North America (e.g., Facebook and Twitter) and China (e.g., QQ, WeChat and Sina Weibo). This type of software has become easily accessible everywhere, especially through mobile devices. It is noteworthy that specific social software and social software uses in Canada and China are quite different. The purpose of this study is to compare the similarities and differences in social software uses between Canadian and Chinese university students. In addition, this study investigates how teachers use social software to promote the academic integration of the students and to develop information literacy competencies. This study was based on qualitative research. The research data for this study were collected using semi-structured interviews with teachers and students and through observation of social software groups. Six students and four teachers were interviewed, 85 members of social software class groups were observed, and 188 members of social software course groups were observed. The author found that Facebook class and course groups could directly promote the academic integration of Canadian students. In addition, QQ class and course groups could play an important role in the social integration of Chinese students, which indirectly promotes their academic success. Based on an analysis of qualitative research data, the author hopes to make some useful suggestions for educators when they design curriculums. In recent years, many universities in Canada have been attracting an increasing number of Chinese international students. The study results can provide a positive impact for Chinese international student recruitment strategies.

Keyphrases: Social software, Facebook groups, QQ groups, Canadian students, Chinese students, Academic success, Interactions in groups, Collaborative learning, Self-efficacy, Information literacy, Qualitative research
Facebook comme outil de renseignement policier : analyse d'un réseau de motards criminels

Facing the failure of the mega-trial SharQc in 2015, which led to the release without charge of the majority of the bikers arrested during the police operation of the same name held in 2009, police organizations would benefit of reevaluating their strategies in their fight againts biker gangs. The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of Facebook’s virtual data for police intelligence on criminal biker gangs by using a comparative approach. To do so, two networks of the members composing the targeted criminal biker gang were built, the first from police data, and the second from Facebook data. The analysis is twofold : the first section compares the centrality measures of the two networks of the members of the targeted criminal biker gang (police and Facebook network), while the second section investigates the evolution of the two networks over time. The results show that Facebook data was contemporary, dynamic and of high quality, thus constituting a considerable contribution for police intelligence. Police organizations would maximize its utility by using Facebook alongside police data.

Keyphrases: Facebook, Criminal biker gang, Social network analysis, Police data, Social media sites
CD73 : cible thérapeutique dans le cancer de l'ovaire et le cancer du sein HER2+

Many mechanisms are laid in the tumor microenvironment to restrict the anti-tumor activity by the immune system. Identification of novel molecular targets responsible of redundancy phenomenon is necessary for developing innovative immunotherapy strategies that will restore the anti-tumor immune system efficacy. One of the factors responsible for the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is the extracellular adenosine generated by the ectoenzyme CD73. This thesis explores the properties of CD73 as a novel target in cancer immunotherapy.    To evaluate the role of CD73 / adenosine axis in an immunotherapy context, correlations  has been made on patient cohorts. These results have been confirming with relevant syngeneic and knockout mouse models. In vitro models of mouse and human cancer deficient or proficient in CD73 has also been using. In the high-grade serous ovarian cancer, this thesis shows that CD73 acts as a prognostic marker associated with intraepithelial CD8+ cells and promote in vitro and in vivo tumor proliferation. Results from this thesis also show CD73 expression on fibroblasts that promote immune escape and tumor proliferation. In the HER2+ breast cancer, this thesis investigates CD73 as a resistance mechanism where this enzyme expression on tumor cells and host cells decrease the anti-tumor immune response mediated by anti-ErbB2 mAb therapy.  Results from this thesis also show that anti-CD73 mAb enhances anti-ErbB2 activity to treat engrafted and spontaneous tumors as well as lung metastasis.   This work highlights the adenosinergic pathway in two types of cancers where the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is a brake for an optimal therapy. CD73 is presented as a novel target candidate in cancer immunotherapy.

Keyphrases: CD73, ErbB2/HER2, Trastuzumab, EMT, Immunotherapy, Breast cancer, Ovarian cancer, Tumor microenvironment