NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L’impact du temps sur le contenu des rapports policiers à la suite d’une intervention critique

The time between critical interventions and police recall is at the heart of academic and professional debates. There are two opposing positions : on the one hand, the report should take place immediately after the incident to avoid memory’s contamination and degradation, while on the other hand, a few days before the recall phase would allow the police officers time to decompress and consolidate their memory. The literature on the memory performance of police officers and the content of incident reports is recent, limited, and nonconsensual. Therefore, the present study evaluates the impact of the time between a critical intervention and the report’s submission on the report’s content. This study was carried out with aspiring police officers as part of a training course at the Quebec National Police Academy. Subjects (n=110) participated in a use of force scenario, then wrote a report over several days. The time between the simulation and the report’s submission has a negative effect on several indicators of the report’s quality, including the report’s length, evaluation, chronology, and exhaustiveness as well as the number of correct details reported. In general, time does not influence the number of details reported per type. However, dialogues’ description improves over time. In conclusion, immediate recall is better because of the overall negative effect of time on report’s content.

Keyphrases: Police, Police reports, Memory, Critical incident, Independent investigation
Évaluation de l’effet d’une intervention parentale en pleine conscience sur l’anxiété de séparation d’un enfant

Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders in childhood. The family environment would play an important role in its development. In light of these findings, several studies have evaluated a treatment that includes parents to reduce the symptoms of SAD in children. Yet, no study has evaluated a mindfulness intervention to reduce symptoms of separation anxiety disorder. Mindfulness has now been proven to reduce anxiety and is the principal element of several intervention programs, such as the Mindful Parenting program. The main objective of the present study is to assess the effects of mindful parenting intervention on the symptoms of separation anxiety in an 11-year-old child. A case study is presented to illustrate the effects of the mindful intervention. A semi-structured interview, self-administered questionnaires and a weekly self-observation notebook were used, at pre-treatment, post-treatment and 4-month follow-up, with parents and child. The results partially confirm the main hypothesis that mindful intervention with the mother reduces the symptoms of separation anxiety in the child. Indeed, the results of the semi-structured interview (ADIS-P) show a decrease in the severity score of the symptoms of separation anxiety in the child, but this reduction remains above the clinical threshold. Child-filled SCARED-51 results show a clinically significant change on the separation anxiety subscale. The results also show that the program can lead to some changes in the mother's coping strategies and in her parenting role.

Keyphrases: Parent, Separation anxiety disorder, Mindfulness, Intervention, Child
Rôle de la voie de signalisation Notch dans la différenciation des lymphocytes T CD8

In response to acute infections, effector CD8 T cells differentiate into short-lived effector cells (SLECs) and memory precursor effector cells (MPECs) capable of generating long-lived memory CD8 T cells. The Notch signaling pathway is a key regulator of cell fate decision. Following ligand- receptor interaction, the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) is cleaved and migrates to the nucleus in order to induce the expression of target genes. In a model in which Notch1 and Notch2 expression is inhibited only in mature CD8 T cells, our team has established that Notch deficiency favors MPEC differentiation in CD8 T cells and influences the expression of 217 gens. This study aims to: 1) identify target genes of the Notch pathway regulating SLEC-MPEC differentiation, 2) evaluate if Notch deficiency can augment tumor control by CD8 T cells. We have prioritized the list of genes differentially expressed in the absence of Notch signaling according to various criteria. We hence identified Il2ra as a target gene, but during an acute infection, overexpression of Il2ra in Notch deficient CD8 T cell was insufficient to modulate SLEC-MPEC differentiation. In addition, we have established that adoptive therapy with Notch deficient CD8 T cell impaired tumor control and implicated a diminution of effector function in Notch deficient CD8 T cell, which were less terminally differentiated. A better understanding of Notch signaling pathway’s role in the CD8 T cell response will allow for improvement of vaccinal strategies and cancer treatment.

Keyphrases: Lymphocyte T CD8, Cancer, CD8 T cell, Notch signaling pathway, Cell differentiation, Acute infection
Étude du réservoir cellulaire du VIH-1 en fonction du traitement chez l’enfant infecté par transmission verticale

Background: Our inability to cure HIV/AIDS stems at least in part from the fact that HIV establishes and maintains cellular reservoirs where it shelters from the effects of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and host immunity. Whereas reservoir components are well known in adults, the composition and evolution of these reservoirs in vertically infected children are incompletely understood. Our objective was to examine the effects of the timing of cART initiation and achievement of sustained viral suppression (SVS) on the size and nature of the HIV reservoir in children and adolescents. Methods: Using the HIV-Flow method, size and cell subset distribution of the translation competent viral reservoir were assessed in purified CD4+ T cells from vertically infected children and adolescents (n=34) with and without SVS, who were enrolled in the EPIC4 study and stratified according to age (0-5, 5-10, 10-18 years) and achievement/duration of SVS. Results: Differences in reservoir size between male and female participants or across age groups were not statistically significant (p=0.5003, p=0.9410). Naïve CD4+ T cells were the main contributor to the pool of p24-producing cells in all age groups as compared to central memory (CM), effector memory (EM), and terminally differentiated (TD) (p=0.001, p<0.0001, p<0.0001). The large representation of naïve CD4+ T cells in the total CD4+ T cells pool (⁓68% to >80%) can explain this contribution. CM cells tended to carry higher frequencies of p24+ cells in adolescents compared to younger age groups. A negative correlation was observed between the frequency of p24-positive cells and the proportion of life under SVS (r=-0.3215, p=0.0318) as well as the proportion of life under effective cART (r=-0.3197, p=0.0327). Conclusion: Unlike HIV-infected adults, the cellular reservoir harboring translation competent HIV in vertically infected children and adolescents is mostly comprised of naïve CD4+ T cells, with a distribution profile progressively transitioning to that of adults. These results inform and reinforce evidence-based guidance for the management of vertical HIV infection.

Keyphrases: cART, Transmission verticale, HIV-Flow, HIV, Viral reservoir, CD4+ T cells, Vertical transmission, Children, Viral suppression
L’obstruction de la chambre de chasse du ventricule droit en chirurgie cardiaque adulte

Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) is a diagnosis rarely described in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In order to write this Master’s thesis, studies were conducted to determine the prevalence of RVOTO in adult cardiac surgery patients, as well as the prevalence in a similar population with continuous monitoring of pressure gradient data across the right ventricular outflow tract using a pulmonary artery catheter. First, we reviewed the literature on RVOTO by performing a systematic keyword search in the MEDLINE database via PubMed. A prevalence of 4% was calculated by extrapolating the results of all the studies describing RVOTO in adult cardiac surgery. The most common etiology for this phenomenon was mechanical and subsequent to an extrinsic compression. Second, a retrospective study on a database from the university-affiliated hospital center showed a positive correlation between the development of RVOTO and a postoperative clinical decline. A total of 295 patients aged 67.2 ± 9.26 years old (79% male) with RVOTO data from before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were analysed. A RVOTO with a gradient ≥ 6 mmHg was observed before CPB in 89 patients [30.2% (25.1% - 35.6%)] et after CPB in 129 patients [43.7 % (38.2 % - 49.4 %)]. We determined that RVOTO is a rare but important complication because it can be targeted with therapies according to its etiology.

Keyphrases: Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, RVOTO, Cardiac surgery, Cardiac anesthesia, Critical care medicine, Intensive care unit, Adult
Les vésicules extracellulaires dérivées de plaquettes améliorent la fonction lymphatique

Platelets have a protective role in lymphatic function both at the embryogenic stage and throughout life by maintaining blood-lymphatic separation. In addition, platelets enhance the integrity of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vitro and appear to exert a shielding effect on the lymphatic endothelium by consolidating the connexion between lymphatic endothelial cells when incubated with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Whereas platelets are absent from lymph, platelet extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are abundantly circulating within lymphatic vessels, and their level increases during chronic inflammation such as atherosclerosis. Having characterized their effect on lymphatic integrity during my Master internship, we show that pEVs are rapidly internalized by LECs, which in turn help preserve the integrity of the lymphatic endothelium when harmful blood constituent such as red blood cell EVs (rbEVs) are infiltrating lymph. In vitro, physiological concentrations of pEVs are limiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by lymphatic endothelial cells and decreasing their necrosis rate. Furthermore, pEVs injected in the skin interstitium travel through the collecting lymphatics and are rapidly internalized by LECs, which in turn might help preserve the integrity of the lymphatic endothelium. Lymph pEVs might be critical for the maintenance of a proper lymphatic function during chronic inflammatory settings such as atherosclerosis.

Keyphrases: Extracellular vesicles, Platelet, Red blood cells, Lymph, Lymphatic endothelial cells, Lymphatic dysfunction, Atherosclerosis
UM171-induced ROS promote antigen cross-presentation of immunogenic peptides by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells

Due to their considerable multipotency, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been tremendously employed in the clinic for regenerative medicine. Yet, stimulation of MSCs with low concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) triggers an increase in the major histocompatibility complex I and II, and most importantly, a de novo antigen cross-presentation capacity. Thus, despite their natural immunosuppressive properties, MSCs can be modulated to become pro-inflammatory.  As the pyrimidoindole derivative UM171 induces the upregulation of several antigen presentation-involved genes in human hematopoietic stem cells, we investigated its potential for inducing antigen presentation by MSCs. Flow cytometry analysis showed an upregulation in H2-kB levels after treatment with the drug, correlating with an increase in antigen presentation indicated by higher activation of the SIINFEKL-specific B3Z T cell line. This de novo cross-presentation of an immunogenic peptide did not result from an increase in protein uptake or processing, but rather stemmed from the drug-induced expression of the Psmb8 gene. As treatment with multiple antioxidants and inhibitors of the electron transport chain complexes significantly reduced the observed effects, we conclude that UM171-mediated cross-presentation is ROS-dependent. In the context of therapeutic vaccination, immunization with UM171-treated MSCs in mice with pre-established EG.7 tumors resulted in 40% survival. Overall, our study reveals a new pharmacological approach in modifying MSCs to become antigen presenting cells, hence allowing the development of future innovative and potent anti-tumoral vaccines.

Keyphrases: UM171, psmb8, Mesenchymal stromal cells, Antigen cross-presentation, Reactive oxygen species
Détection et prise en charge des troubles anxiodépressifs chez les femmes victimes des violences sexuelles à l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo

Sexual violence has a strong impact on the mental health of victims. In both peacetime and wartime, women pay a heavy price as a result of such violence. Access to treatment for mental disorders related to the consequences of such acts is often limited in low-income countries due to several factors. This paper aims to reflect on the possibilities of treating mental disorders linked to sexual violence in women in the context of primary health care. Objective Identify tools for the screening and management of anxiety-depressive disorders among women victims of sexual violence in Congo Kinshasa and propose a remote psychotherapy model for the care of these victims of sexual violence. The presentation of two articles, one of which is a narrative review providing an inventory of digital technologies for the treatment of anxiety-depressive disorders in Africa and the other a protocol on the acceptability of treatments for anxio-depressive disorders by digital technologies in the context of care primary health care was carried out. Results We have demonstrated the existence of digital platforms for the treatment of anxiety-depressive disorders using cognitive-behavioral therapy in the West. We have proposed a remote psychotherapy model that fits into the Congolese health system in the context of primary health care. Conclusions Despite the obstacles to a good establishment as well as the problems related to mental health in Africa, the use of remote web therapy platforms appears beneficial in the management of anxiety-depressive disorders. The integration of these platforms into primary health care could effectively help reduce the prevalence of anxiety-depressive disorders resulting from sexual violence. Keywords: Internet Based Intervention, Online, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress, depression, third countries, gender-based violence.

Keyphrases: Internet based Intervention, Online, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress, depression, third countries, gender-based violence
TDAH et usage addictif des jeux vidéo chez les enfants

ADHD symptoms and video game addiction seem to share a two-way relationship that we intended to explore further by describing the current state of knowledge of the literature and conducting a study presented in the form of a currently submitted article. The objectives of this project are to better understand the relationship between video game use / addiction and ADHD in children aged 4 to 12: by comparing the methods of using video games (playtime, dependence score and use by age) between ADHD children and children without ADHD; examining the associations between video game addiction and ADHD symptoms; exploring the impact of gender in the use of video games and the type of video games played by children. The study is transversal, multicentric (CHU Sainte-Justine and CIUSSS NIM), exploratory, descriptive and open. The methodology consists of taking 3 questionnaires completed by one of the parents at once: socio-demographic questionnaire with specifications concerning the use of video games and questions on the use of parents and their perception; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); and the Attention and Computer Questionnaire (QUATTORD). Our study highlights the vulnerability of ADHD children to excessive use of video games and the consequences on their symptoms. Associated with these results, we carried out additional analyzes on the characteristics of the population, and the use and perception of video games among parents. Our data seem to support the idea of a multifactorial relationship at the root of video game addiction behaviors.

Keyphrases: Addiction, ADHD, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Addiction, Dependence, Internet gaming disorder, Children, Video games
Le rôle de l’angiographie au vert d’indocyanine en chirurgie pédiatrique

Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) is a validated non-invasive imaging technology used to evaluate tissue perfusion, delineate biliary anatomy, and localize lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels. Since the 2000s, its use has grown in various surgical subspecialties including pediatric surgery. This thesis explores the current ICG-FA indications in pediatric surgical subspecialties and its introduction in pediatric bowel resections by the mean of a prospective feasibility clinical trial. While ICG-FA is well established in adult surgery, the technology remains sparsely used in pediatric surgery. A systematic review with narrative synthesis on the perioperative ICG-FA use in the pediatric population was conducted. Most articles were case reports and case series (n=36; 56%). No adverse event related to ICG occurred. Risk of selection and information biases was high. The results show that pediatric applications of ICG remain currently limited, but significant interest in the technology is seen with the rising number of publications on the subject. ICG-FA is a frequently used tool in adult colorectal surgery to determine intestinal perfusion. A prospective Phase II clinical trial was conducted to establish the feasibility and impact of ICG-FA use during emergency and elective pediatric surgeries requiring bowel resection. The study results indicate that the introduction of the technology is feasible, safe, and simple. They show that 95% of the surgical team agreed that ICG-FA was safe.

Keyphrases: Indocyanine, SPY, Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography, Pediatric surgery, Colorectal surgery, Intestinal ischemia, Intestinal resection, Tissue perfusion
Is preoperative physical function testing predictive of length of stay in patients with colorectal cancer? : a retrospective study

Surgery is the primary treatment for colorectal cancer. A prolonged Length of Stay (pLOS) can increase risk of complications and physical inactivity, leading to a decline in physical function. While promising results were seen from preoperative exercise training and post-operative functional recovery, the predictive potential of preoperative physical function has not yet been investigated. The objective of this study is to determine if preoperative physical function can predict pLOS in patients with for colorectal cancer. A total of 459 patients from 7 cohorts were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to determine risk of pLOS (>3 days), and ROC curve was plotted to establish sensitivity/specificity. Selected variables included age, sex, BMI, comorbidity, ASA status, tumor site, surgical approach, handgrip strength, Timed-Up and Go, 30-second Sit-to-Stand, 30-second Arm Curl Test, 6-Minute-Walking Test (6MWT), CHAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adult and 36-Item Short Form Survey. The results showed that patients with rectal tumor are 2.7x more at risk to be in the pLOS group compared to those with colon tumor (O.R. 2.7; C.I. 1.3-5.7, p=0.01). For every increment of 20 meters in 6MWT, there is a decreased risk of 9% of being in pLOS group (C.I. 1.03-1.17, p=0.00). A cut-off of 431m can predict 70% of patients in pLOS group (AUC 0.71 C.I 0.63-0.78, p=0.00). Tumor site (rectal) and 6MWT were significant predictors of pLOS. Using the 6MWT as a screening tool for pLOS with cut-off of 431 m should be implemented in the preoperative surgical pathway.

Keyphrases: physical function, colorectal cancer, prolonged length of stay
Libération localisée d’ATP cellulaire par ultrasons et microbulles pour l’immunothérapie du cancer

Several cancer types proliferate due to their ability to express the negative regulatory markers of the immune system (PD-L1 and CD80/86) which inhibit the activation and proliferation of T cells. Inhibition of these pathways by antibodies (anti-PDL-1, anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4) can thus reactivate the immune system in some patients. Other signaling pathways are currently being explored, including purinergic signaling (ATP/adenosine) in the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular Adenosine triphosphate (eATP) is classified as danger signal  plays a critical role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, an important mediator of the innate immune response. Ultrasound (US) and microbubbles (MB) have been shown to release ATP in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Thus, we hypothesized that US+MB treatment in 4T1 breast cancer cells could locally activate pro-inflammatory responses by releasing an eATP in tumors for cancer immunotherapy. In this thesis, I present the quantification of the eATP signal after US+MB stimulation in vitro (4T1 cell culture), then in muscle and subcutaneous solid tumors in the mouse. Our studies demonstrate that US+MB treatment releases ATP both in vitro and in vivo. In comparison with the IM injection of ATP, we can conclude that US+MB released a large amount of ATP (>250 µM), which is more than the eATP concentration in the untreated tumor microenvironment, and which persisted for at least 60 min in muscle and 45 min in tumor. The stable transfection of MC38 cells (colorectal carcinoma) through the Plenti-PmeLUC gene, encoding  the synthesis of luciferase on the external surface of cell membrane is explored to increase the signal to noise ratio in bioluminescence (see appendix A). The use of POM-1 (pharmacological inhibitor of CD39) and CD39 gene knockout mice to inhibit the degradation of eATP signal are discussed for the continuation of the project.

Keyphrases: Cancer, Bioluminescence, Therapeutic ultrasound, Ultrasound imaging, Cavitation of microbubble, Extracellular ATP
Connectivité fonctionnelle des générateurs de deux types d'ondes lentes dans une population jeune et âgée

The sleeping brain tends to disconnect as it progresses toward slow wave sleep (SWS) in young adults and disconnects less in older adults. Slow waves (SW) are the main characteristics of slow wave sleep on the electroencephalogram (EEG). Our group recently showed that two types of SW co-exist, the “slow switcher” (SlowS) and the “fast switcher” (FastS), characterized by the transition speed between the hyperpolarized and depolarized peaks. On the EEG, the global connectivity during the transition of the SlowS and FastS differs and is reduced with aging. In this study, we used magnetoencephalography recordings to investigate age-related differences on the SW generators during the transition between the hyperpolarized and depolarized peaks in terms of 1) topography and 2) connectivity, using the weighted phase lag index based on the average phase lag during the SW transition. We hypothesised that as compared to younger individuals, SW of older participants would 1) involve broader cortical areas and 2) show higher connectivity than younger individuals, particularly for the SlowS. Our results revealed that as compared to younger participants, older individuals showed 1) more involvement of the right precuneus during the SlowS and 2) globally higher connectivity, more significantly for the SlowS. Finally, younger individuals showed higher connectivity than older individuals between specific regions, more precisely in the anteroposterior network for the SlowS than the FastS. Altogether, our results suggest an impaired flexibility of the network during the SW transition in older individuals as compared to younger individuals.

Keyphrases: MEG, Sleep, Slow waves, Functional connectivity, Cortical generators, Source localization, Aging