NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Caractérisation pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de la lidocaïne avec ou sans adrénaline lors d’un bloc paravertébral du plexus brachial chez le chien

Over the last decade, regional anaesthesia has become a gold standard for peri-surgical management in veterinary medicine. Among the many techniques developed for analgesia in dogs, the paravertebral brachial plexus block (PBPB) is of great interest when targeting the proximal half of the thoracic limb. Yet, most available data on this technique is based on colorimetric protocols rather than clinical evaluation, and there are very few published results for PBPB execution using nerve location techniques. Through this work, we wished to describe an ultrasound-guided approach of the PBPB and characterize its pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic parameters when executed with either lidocaine alone (LI) or combined to adrenaline (LA).  Eight dogs were included in a prospective, randomised, blinded, crossover protocol performed over three distinct periods. Pharmacodynamic impact of LI and LA was compared for 180 minutes after block administration. No significant difference (P = 0.845) was noted between treatments regarding length of the sensitive block, as evaluated regularly through a mechanical painful stimulus applied to selected dermatomes. On the opposite, gait examination showed a longer proprioceptive deficit using LA (P = 0.027). Motor block measured with dynamic force plate analysis showed a lower peak vertical force with LA than LI (P = 0.007). For both dynamic and static evaluations, nadir was clearly delayed (P < 0.005) and the ascending slope back to baseline significantly softened (P = 0.005) in the LA group.  Throughout block execution and evaluation, blood samples were collected regularly in order to quantify and describe lidocaine kinetics. Models where developed and compared. A two-compartment model with dual zero-order absorption processes was selected as the best fit for our experimental data. Cmax proved to be significantly reduced with LA (P < 0.001), thus reducing potential toxicity. Absorption phase was prolonged [P < 0.020 (Dur1) and P < 0.001 (Dur2)] and zero-order absorption constant rates lowered [P = 0.046(k01) and P < 0.001 (k02)] following adrenaline addition, in accordance with the previously noted prolonged gait and motor effects. Though dosage extrapolation is now possible using the model developed and tested here, further studies would be needed to establish a PBPB protocol of more clinical interest. Then, force plate analysis could become a key tool for block quality assessment, as both dynamic and static measurements proved to be the reliable ways to collect ground reaction force (GRF) data.

Keyphrases: Lidocaine, Epinephrine, Ultrasound-guided nerve block, Paravertebral brachial plexus block, Force plate, Pharmacokinetics, Biphasic absorption, Zero order
Poïétique de la création sonore au cinéma : la figure de l’artiste-poïéticien

It is our aim, in this study, to explore the practical and pedagogical possibilities of an auto-poietic approach to sound designing in cinema. Our main concern is to grasp the modalities of the asceticism unique to artists of this trade, understood as a apprenticeship of the self, by the self (Foucault) in order to generate the one who can make the work of art, and the descriptive and operational roles of this exercise - as a means of producing critical thought with respect to one’s own know-how-, in the making of the film and the invention of possibilities in audio-visual cinematographic “writing”. To do this, firstly, based on various forms of autopoietic testimony, we study the reflexive relation of three sound designers (Randy Thom, Walter Murch and Frank Warner) with respect to their practice and their efforts to think (and put in place) the conditions of a practice and an esthetics of film sound as a form of sound art in the audio-visual context, while these are working in normative framework. Secondly, we will use various theoretical (the art theories of Deleuze and Guattari, the “surécoute” of Szendy, the history of poietic from Valéry, etc.) and practical (Schaeffer’s musical research, the master-student relationship, the relationship between automatism and thought in the modern cinemas of Artaud and Godard, etc.) considerations to help contextualize and analyze these experiences of artistic creation, with the objective of problematizing the figure of the poietic-artist in the wake of Foucault’s theories on the techniques of self.

Keyphrases: écoute, cinemas, audio-visual, sound design, listening, auto-poietic, subjectivization, technic of the self, ethics, thinking
Furie, curiosité, solidarité : mise en scène de la tension dans le cinéma des frères Dardenne

This research & creation thesis aims to identify three components of the Dardenne brothers' directing style (over-the-shoulder camera, tight framing and long take) and try to describe how they generate a transnarrative tension that captivates the audience, immerses it in the story, shock it or move it : in other words, these components make the viewer go through an intense experience. We will analyze the opening scene of "Rosetta" to describe how the over- the-shoulder camera visually translates the character's emotions whilst suggesting a new type of spectatorial identification. "Le Fils" will then be analyzed, hoping to demonstrate how the Dardennes' use of tight framing creates mystery and suspense by discarding narrative information. Finally, "Deux jours une nuit" will allow us to examine the brothers' use of the long take, which we choose to read as a type of virtual reality that allows the viewer to experience social solidarity. As a conclusion, we will explain how these three directing components have been recuperated in "Tala", the short fiction film that makes up the creation part of this thesis.

Keyphrases: Dardenne Brothers, Film Directing, Dramatic Tension, Film Aesthetic
Intimité et sensations dans les films d'animation en volume de Girlin Bassovskaja

Not satisfied with regular concepts usually used when one speaks about stop-motion animation, I suggest another way to discuss about animation films while analyzing four short films made by estonian directors Jelena Girlin and Mari-Liis Bassovskaja, based on a wider research on intimacy and sensory perception in art. I first explore, through a review of literature, the paradox of animating the inanimate and the Freudian umheimlich, substantially recurring in writings about stop motion films. Having demonstrated that the work of Girlin Bassovskaja be seen against the domain of intimacy, I deepen my analysis of the films by relying on theories of haptic visuality. I discover the body of works in the light of these theories, and evoke the idea of a caressing gaze from the viewer to the film, but also its reversibility. In addition, as a filmmaker creator of short animated films, the above theories are feeding my reflexions and serve to describe my almost obsessive desire to make tangible intimacy with sensual animated plasticine on glass.

Keyphrases: animation, stop motion, sensations, anima, haptic, intimacy, skin
Rupture et continuité : étude comparative du clergé anglo-saxon du Xe siècle issu de la Regularis Concordia avec
le clergé anglo-normand des XIe et XIIe siècles

This thesis aims at comparing the state of the Anglo-Saxon clergy from the Regularis Concordia period of the 10th century with the state of the Anglo-Norman clergy of the post- conquest era from 1060 to 1150. This research will be based on the most relevant narrative sources available for this period. However, they will be used only as support since the main part of the thesis will be based on various listings of archbishops, bishops and abbots, who have lived between 1060 and 1150. We will study in details their geographic origins, the positions they held as well as their social networks. We will try to demonstrate that contrary to preconceived ideas, a true reform of the Anglo-Norman clergy did not occur following the conquest. The Anglo-Norman clergy was simply updated. Also, the governance model, which was imposed to the Anglo-Norman clergy at the turn of the 12th century, was largely inspired by the functioning of the Norman Church.

Keyphrases: Lanfranc, Anselm of Canterbury, Regularis Concordia, Christ Church Canterbury, England, Anglo-Norman, Anglo-Saxon, Monachism, Clergy
«Imagine, c’est le socialisme et personne ne s’en va» : l’intelligentsia littéraire est-allemande et la chute du mur de Berlin

In 1989, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) were shaken by protest movements that precipitated the dissolution of their communist regimes. It is often accepted in historiography as in the popular memory that intellectuals, amongst whom many writers, played a key role in these revolutionary changes. However, analysis of the revolution in East Germany and of its literary intelligentsia’s stance demonstrates that such a conclusion cannot apply to this state: the leading authors of the GDR, who presented themselves during and after the revolution as opponents and victims of the regime, never shared the anti-communist claims of the citizens, and maintained a socialist discourse.  This master’s thesis intends to explain this particular reaction of the most influential East German writers – especially Christa Wolf, Heiner Müller, Stefan Heym, Volker Braun and Christoph Hein. By studying their non-fictional texts and analysing the relationship they had with the regime, the people and the ideology promoted in the GDR, we will demonstrate that these authors had developed, before the opening of the Berlin Wall, a strategy that combined a socialist loyalty and a critic of the authoritarianism, which allowed them to accumulate significant social and cultural capital. In the Fall of 1989 and during the process of German reunification, the literary intelligentsia acted accordingly to that same strategy which, however, was not adapted to the new social conditions.

Keyphrases: intelligentsia, German Democratic Republic (GDR), East German revolution, German reunification, end of European communist regimes, socialism, intelligentsia, writers, discourse analysis, symbolic capital
Échanges d’énergie et d’eau des écosystèmes nordiques dans un contexte de changement climatique

Along the southern margin of permafrost, the boreal forest is underlain by ice-rich and relatively warm permafrost which is converted into permafrost-free peatlands and lake ecosystems due to warmer temperatures and increased thaw rates. At the same time, in the continuous permafrost zone the tree-line of the boreal forest is advancing northward into what is currently Arctic tundra. Both land cover changes in the Taiga Plains ecozone are affecting the magnitude of complex feedback loops, including regional biophysical feedbacks through altered net water vapor and heat exchanges caused by changes in land surface albedo, hydrology and surface roughness. Changes affecting the ecosystems are numerous and it is currently hard to estimate the direction (positive or negative) and magnitude of the resulting biophysical feedbacks. To improve our understanding of implications arising from land cover changes, the energy and water exchanges between surface and atmosphere at three sites in the Northwest Territories, Canada are characterized: Scotty Creek (boreal forest-peatland landscape with sporadic permafrost), Havikpak Creek (boreal forest with continuous permafrost) and Trail Valley Creek (tundra with continuous permafrost). The results of this study are based on measurements of water vapor and heat fluxes obtained with the eddy covariance technique, in addition to supporting ancillary measurements (e.g., net radiation, ground heat flux). For the growing season of 2013, biotic and abiotic controls (ex. light intensity, water availability, etc.) of evapotranspiration at the three sites were identified and analyzed leading to a projected increase in water and energy limitation for Trail Valley Creek. This limitation can be explained by increased energy repartition to sensible heat than to latent heat, following alterations of the land surface as the treeline moves towards the arctic tundra landscape. The relative increase in the sensible heat flux is an indication for an amplified positive feedback of rising air temperature. A comparison of modeled planetary boundary layer heights with Environment Canada atmospheric profiles for the sites leads to the same projection of a positive air temperature feedback. As the treeline moves north, at Trail Valley Creek, an increase of its planetary boundary layer is expected and the opposite phenomenon is expected at Scotty Creek. Albedo, hydrology and surface roughness will be modified, affecting energy partitioning and atmospheric layers which in turn will influence climate. The two methods have led to the same conclusion and highlight the importance of mutual influence between climate and land surface characteristics.

Keyphrases: Climate change, Permafrost, Eddy covariance, Evapotranspiration
Regards sur les territoires des ancrages haïtiano-montréalais : les impacts des pratiques transnationales au quotidien

Montreal’s Haitian community is the third ethnic group in terms of importance and offers an interesting example of diaspora. Studying their mobility practices and how these practices impact concepts such as identity and place allows us to understand their articulations on a local and transnational scale, in a context of globalisation and contraction of the world due to new technologies. Specifically, this study aims to understand how transnational practices and media impact territorial constructions and ancrage of Haitians in Montreal. For this purpose, 18 interviews and two round-table discussions were organized. A careful analysis of these illustrates the trajectories, places and types of ancrage and the role of new technologies in the translocal connections of this community. The results, which cannot be generalized, highlight the crucial role of media in the ancrage process. For example, the first wave’s migrant’s ancrage was facilitated by the creation of local Haitian radios, which have helped build the community. For the second generation’s interviewee, the new media allows the identification to the diaspora and the ancrage, in Haiti with development projects, as in Montreal, with the cosmopolitism experience. Finally, as the interview analysis of the newcomers shows: media gives the possibility of a novel ancrage type, kept at disposal by the new technologies.

Keyphrases: Transnationalism, Mobilities, Media, Ancrage, Haitian diaspora, Montreal, Urban geography
Cartographie récente et écologie du nerprun bourdaine en Estrie

Glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L.) is an exotic species invading many areas in southern of Quebec, particularly in the Eastern Townships. Currently, we do not know very much about the species ecology and no thorough study of its distribution in temperate forest has been performed. Therefore, the first objective of the project was to map the spatial distribution of glossy buckthorn in two areas of the Eastern Townships, using remote sensing techniques. The second objective was to evaluate the environmental variables, or predictors, best explaining the presence of glossy buckthorn. The phenology of glossy buckthorn differs from most of the indigenous tree species found in this area because its leaves fall later in autumn. This characteristic allowed to map, using spectral unmixing, the probability of occurrence of glossy buckthorn, with temporal Landsat 8 (OLI) imagery data series. Glossy buckthorn coverage was calculated on 119 plots on the field. The resulting maps showed an agreement of 69% with field data. A SPOT-7 image, which has a finer resolution than Landsat 8 (OLI), was then used but it did not improve the quality of the map, since its acquisition date was not optimal, due to a lack of availability.              Concerning the second objective of the research, the best variable explaining the presence of glossy buckthorn was stand density, which leads to believe that forest cover openings could ease the establishment of buckthorn. However, the results tend to show that glossy buckthorn is a generalist species, easily adapting to various environmental conditions.

Keyphrases: Rhamnus frangula L., Remote sensing, Glossy buckthorn, Rhamnus frangula L., spectral unimxing, Landsat-8
Les cultes domestiques dans la Grèce antique : catalogue raisonné d’autels domestiques

The Greek religion was approached by numerous authors during the last century. However, the information about the domestic rites is more discreet. Here, we tried to present the archaeological marks of those domestic cults by focussing on one precise element, the altars. In this Thesis, we are presenting a descriptive and analytical catalogue about domestic altars in ancient Greece that lists one hundred and forty domestic altars, whether they were built type or portable type (arulae). The analysis that follows after the catalogue brings out quantitative and qualitative information.  As per our analysis, we were able to draw partial conclusions about our listed domestic altars. It’s possible to affirm that there’s a lot more portable than built altars. The arulae was not found in situ in majority, counter to the built altars. A lot of them were found in courtyard or close to the exterior wall of the house. Portable altars are also found in various rooms in the house. Portable altars are, in majority, made in terracotta and built altars are all made with different kinds of stone. Regardless the type of altar, there’s a large majority of rectangular instead of circular one. A small number of altars are precisely dedicated to a god and those attributed to Zeus Herkios sound by their position in the courtyard and not even by their decor or affiliated objects. Both types of altars may have a decor, a simple moulding or a rich decor like the large monumental altars located in sanctuaries. Although, some are without decor and even have one or multiples faces unworked. In the last section we elaborated the case of Zeus Ktesios and Zeus Kataibates, as we have a lot of relevant information about them and so we can dwell on their worships. However, it’s hard to recreate entire domestic rites. In order to do so, we would need the complete catalogues of artefacts found on each site. Then, we could create some assemblages and link those objects and altars together and attempt to interpret and rebuilt those different domestic rites.

Keyphrases: built altar, portable altar, ancient Greece, archaic, classical, hellenistic, domestic cult, archaeology
De Pas pire à Pour sûr : faits et effets des langues chez France Daigle

The literature of Southeast Acadie emerges in a context that is already heterolingual (Grutman). Chiac, the local vernacular, bears traces of this linguistic coexistence since its hybrid character reflects the strong interaction between the region’s communities. However, does its use arouses an anxious reflection on Moncton’s diglossic context or is it strictly creative? This thesis focuses on the relationship to language in the recent novels of France Daigle, Pas pire (1998), Un fin passage (2001), Petites difficultés d’existence (2002) and Pour sûr (2011), by uncovering sociolinguistic features and the way the text "speaks the language" (Gauvin).  Although it puts away ideologies, Daigle's work remains highly sensitive to the cultural context from which it emerges. Thus, if the work is freed from a sociolinguistic realism, it is to create a "linguistic fiction" (Baetens Beardsmore) which reconfigures the social imaginary of Moncton while incorporating some "real" concerns. Moreover, taking into account the structural polyphony of the work overcomes the temptation of ethnographic reading.

Keyphrases: France Daigle, Chiac, Acadian literature, Heterolinguism
Récits de croisade et digression : la conquête de Constantinople de Robert de Clari

Taking the naïve, colorful and digressive reputation of Robert de Clari’s La Conquête de Constantinople as a starting point, this master’s thesis presents a methodical study of this vernacular prose account of the Fourth Crusade in order to determine where the narration flows and where it breaks. Divergent episodes are identified with respect to their introductory and closing formulas, their relationship to the time of the crusade, their relative length as well as their positioning in the general arrangement of the text. Based on a loose understanding of three characteristics that are fundamental to digression as opposed to an univocal definition of the concept, they are then analysed in terms of degrees of digressiveness, thus offering a nuanced picture of the work. To allow a broader outlook on the phenomenon of digression, four more crusade narratives are studied, and all of them, whether written in French or in Latin, in prose or in verse, are guilty of getting carried away by their subject in excursus that betray their author’s interests and personality. Just like Robert, Villehardouin, the author of the Estoire de la guerre sainte, Odo of Deuil and Albert of Aachen all let their own story supersede the one they are writing in those moments where the narration goes astray. The digressions found in crusade narratives are thus privileged access points to the history of high-medieval mentalities, a fertile field whose fruits must be harvested by the joint efforts of both history and literature.

Keyphrases: Robert de Clari, Digression, Excursus, Crusade narrative, Historiography in the Middle Ages
Numérifrag, Suivi de corps discursif et dispositif dans Le centre blanc de Nicole Brossard

Numérifrag, the first part of this M.A. Thesis, is the source code of a digital poetic project where the html tags have been aesthetically manipulated. The repetitive and parasitizing effect of the code forces the reader to decrypt the poems in order to make them readable. If the text is linear on paper, the programming of each poem into a web page otherwise induces the reader to navigate freely in the work and actualize its potential of a-linearity. The second part of this thesis, Corps discursif et dispositif dans Le centre blanc de Nicole Brossard, is about the notion of dispositive as a subversion, in Le centre blanc (1970) by Nicole Brossard. The elaboration of that dispositive is made through the body, which express itself in the text and finds its breath through the reader and his interpretation.

Keyphrases: Corps, Dispositif, Illisible, Lecture, Nicole Brossard, Le centre blanc, Contemporary French Canadian literature, Body, Breath, Unreadable, Reading, Interpretation, digital literature
Boris Vian adaptateur de la légende arthurienne : étude comparée de la pièce de théâtre et de l'opéra Le Chevalier de Neige

This masters thesis questions Boris Vian's unknown role of adapter. In 1953, he wrote a play – Le Chevalier de Neige – based on Arthurian literature, at the request of the organizers of Le Festival dramatique de Caen. This play later became an opera, performed in Nancy in 1957. In spite of the success of both shows, the memory of Le Chevalier de Neige did not last. Only the texts and music scores remain because none of the performances have been recorded.  Thus, the main objective of this dissertation is to highlight the adapting and rewriting process of this well known author of the XXth century, mostly famous for his novels and songs, who furthermore dedicated his last years to a total work combining text, music and staging. A few questions need to be asked. What can be known of the elaboration of Le Chevalier de Neige? What is the importance of the medieval and contemporary intertext in both rewritings? And what are the adaptation processes implemented in each of these texts, the play and the opera? This thesis attemps to answer all of these questions, so as to discover the importance as well as the interest of Le Chevalier de Neige in Boris Vian's literary life.

Keyphrases: Boris Vian, Le Chevalier de Neige, adaptation, theater, opera, Arthurian literature, intertextuality