NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Work, personality and psychological distress : direct and moderating effects of the Big Five personality traits

The current thesis sought to observe the multiple relationships that exist between work organization conditions, personality characteristics and psychological distress in the workplace. The main question of interest was whether the Big Five personality traits have a moderating effect on the relationship between work organization and psychological distress, but numerous other questions of interest were also considered. In order to address the twenty-one hypotheses proposed in this study, secondary data was used from a cross-sectional survey of 395 workers from a municipal police service. Multivariate analyses showed four significant relationships between the three variables of interest. With regards to the work organization conditions, it was found that psychological demands in the workplace increase psychological distress, whereas, support from a supervisor decreases psychological distress. With regards to personality, neuroticism was found to increase psychological distress. Finally, a moderating relationship was found for the conscientiousness trait on the relationship between psychological demands and psychological distress. Globally, the results indicate that the Big Five personality traits have a mitigated impact on mental health problems in the workplace.

Keyphrases: Psychological distress, Big Five personality traits, Work organization conditions
Le Pape Benoit XVI et l’Islam, entre dialogue et rivalités

Catholicism and Islam, the two largest religions numerically on earth, are known to entertain relations that oscillate between dialogue and rivalry. These are reflected in a variety of activities, statements and writings, at both national and international levels. On the Catholic side, this dynamic relationship is promoted in particular by Pope Benedict XVI who believes that religious freedom is one of the main issues in the dialogue with Muslims, alongside with safeguarding a Christian identity that is rooted in peaceful behavior. On the Muslim side, there are several actors striving to present a peaceful image of their religion. Their efforts take different forms of dialogue, some of which include specific state actors where politics dominates over religion, such as the case of the two kingdoms of Saudi Arabia and Jordan. In addition to these more state related activities, there are others of a more academic and theological nature, as those of the Tunisian Sunni professor Mohammed Talbi and the Lebanese Shiite Imam Muhammad Hussein Fadlullah. Both raise the same fears of identity and advocate the same claims for freedom and dialogue than does Pope Benedict XVI, from their own Muslim perspectives. The friendly relations between Islam and Catholicism are mixed with conflicts and controversies that influence the dialogue in terms of religious, historical, and politica l challenges unique to the context of each practitioner. Throughout these subtleties and complications, the dialogue remains a major objective for each one of the protagonists.

Keyphrases: Islam, Islam, Catholicism, Dialogue, Dialogue, Identity, Pope Benedict XVI, King Abdallah, Rivalry, Parole Commune, Common Word, Talbi, Talbi, Fadlullah, Fadlullah
Des compétences en traduction et en interprétation

This research describes competences and sub-competences in translation and interpretation and demonstrates the convergences and divergences between the competences that are required for both professions. The study is based on the hypothesis that translation and interpretation require specific competences and sub-competences for each activity. At the theoretical level, the emphasis is placed on the comparison of the following elements: definitions of translation and interpretation, codes of Ethics of the corresponding professional associations, academic programs, tools used by translators and interpreters, and metalanguage of the two professions. At the experimental level, an online questionnaire survey is applied to selected professional translators and interpreters in order to identify differences and common points in the practice of the professions. Results show that differences are few and they are related to the practice of both professions.

Keyphrases: Aptitudes, Translation, Interpretation, Competences, Sub-competences, Aptitudes, Tools
Entre politique et thérapeutique : usages du rituel de la tente à sudation dans le cadre de la revitalisation culturelle amérindienne au Québec

Since the end of the 1980’s, the Native cultural revitalization observed in North America has taken hold in Québec. This panindian phenomenon has defined itself through the aboriginal healing movement. In turn, this healing movement has been addressing the numerous social problems encountered by the Native populations both inside and outside of their communities. While connecting these events, this thesis explores, through the study of the sweat lodge ceremony, the duality of the counseling strategies deployed both in the panindian spirituality and the aboriginal healing movement. In this regard, the counseling experience of elders and professionals in prison and in the community reveals that besides the social and political functions usually associated with aboriginal healing, we can observe a psychotherapeutic instrumentation of the sweat lodge ritual. While capturing the cosmological structure of many Algonquian oral traditions, this particular use of the sweat lodge symbolism shows a more clinical, more individualized and more apolitical vision of aboriginal healing than the one that is usually described in the panindian discourse.

Keyphrases: Healing, Native cosmologies, Panindianism, Spirituality, Penitentiaries, Sweat lodge
Analyse de la polémique d'attribution des fresques du cycle franciscain de la basilique supérieure d'Assise

Around 1296, the young Franciscan Brotherhood hired an artist to paint a commemorative cycle of the life of St. Francis, their saint Patron, for their religious monument of Assisi, erected in 1228. The attribution to Giotto of this cycle of twenty-eight frescoes has been the object of a debate since the eighteenth-century. This thesis presents the methods used to discuss this attribution.  The partisans of Giotto feel that the interpretation of archives and the commentaries by the contemporaries of the painter Giotto are sufficient to justify this attribution, which their opponents however contest. Other critics have applied various methods of analysis to the stylistic aspect of the frescoes and to a corpus attached to it and have come up with contradictory attributions. Finally, the advanced restoration technology and the recent discovery of a fresco attributed to a contemporary of Giotto have challenged even further the traditional attribution hypothesis.  We will look at each area of attribution discussed in this debate. We will consider the method of the attribution based on documents. We will also reflect on the stylistic methods of attribution and on the authors who made distinctive remarks on our subject. In the end, we will study the new methods of attribution used by the restorers as they attempt to come up with an attribution based on material data drawn from the genetic study of the art object.

Keyphrases: Giotto, Giotto, Assisi, attribution, attribution, polemic
Histoires d'appropriation de l'espace urbain à Saint-Pétersbourg

This thesis examines the recent mobilization of citizens against urban densification in St-Petersburg, Russia. Urban spaces have undergone major transformations following the collapse of the communist regime. The commercialization of public spaces has caused a huge increase in the number of constructions in St-Petersburg. The redefinition of urban space has led to an erosion of what had been considered public spaces and has greatly affected the city’s green space. In the past few years a great number of voices have been raised to condemn this privatization of public space. In the opinion of many, in-fill construction can lead to a catastrophe: the disappearance of St-Petersburg. I have examined three aspects of this mobilization: 1) the opposition of residents against projects threatening their immediate living space; 2) the efforts displayed by local organizations to save public spaces and; 3) the mobilization against the destruction of historical monuments. My aim was to understand why the battle against urban densification has become the number one cause around which inhabitants of St-Petersburg mobilize today. I have tried to understand the meaning of this mobilization, and looked into the reasons why residents become activists. I have investigated the history of the city and its past tradition of resistance to see if I could find insights into current anti-densification movements. Since its very foundation St-Petersburg has developed its own identity, which has been transmitted from generation to generation and has survived wars, revolutions and political changes. The stories and actions of residents involved in the battle against in-fill construction reveal many issues pertaining to contemporary Russian society, including the growing gap between the wealthy and the rest of the population, and the loss of trust in the political class. From the standpoint of its opponents, urban densification is harmful to the quality of life of residents. But the residents of St-Petersburg who unite to protect their city also fear that urban densification will lead to the vanishing of a memory and a culture held by all these threatened places. By expressing their disagreement concerning construction projects, these residents wish to have their voices heard. They also wish to participate actively in the elaboration of a vision of their city that would take into account the interests of all citizens, not only a select few. In this sense, citizen mobilization against urban densification represents an attempt at (re)appropriating the city, both on a material and symbolic level.

Keyphrases: St-Petersburg, urban densification, citizen mobilization, appropriation of space
Routage adaptatif et qualité de service dans les réseaux optiques à commutation de rafales

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks are candidates to play an important role in the context of next generation optical networks. In this thesis, we are interested in adaptive routing and quality of service provisioning for these networks. In the first part of the thesis, we study the capability of multi-path routing and alternative routing (deflection routing) to improve the performance of the OBS network proactively for the former and reactively for the latter. In this context, we propose a reinforcement learning-based approach where learning agents, placed in each OBS node, cooperate to learn, continuously, optimal routing paths and alternative paths according to the current state of the network. Numerical results show that the proposed approach improves the performance of the OBS network compared to existing solutions in the literature. In the second part of the thesis, we consider the problem of absolute quality of service provisioning for OBS networks where worst-case performance of high priority traffic is guaranteed quantitatively. Particularly, we are interested in the loss-free transmission, inside the OBS network, of high priority bursts, while preserving statistical multiplexing gain and high resources utilization of the OBS network. Also, we aim to improve the performance of best effort traffic. Hence, we propose two approaches: (a) the node-based approach; and (b) the path-based approach. In the node-based approach, we propose to assign a set of wavelengths to each OBS edge node that it can use to send its guaranteed traffic. This assignment takes into consideration physical distances between edge nodes. Furthermore, we propose a wavelength selection algorithm to improve the performance of best effort bursts. In the path-based approach, absolute quality of service provisioning is offered at end-to-end path level. To do this, we propose a routing and wavelength assignment approach which aims to reduce the number of wavelengths required to establish contention free paths. Nevertheless, if this objective cannot be reached because of the limited number of wavelengths in each fiber link, we propose an approach to synchronize overlapping paths without the need for additional equipments for synchronization. Here again, we propose a wavelength selection algorithm for best effort bursts. Numerical results show that both the node-based and the path-based approaches successfully provide absolute quality of service provisioning for guaranteed traffic and improve the performance of best effort traffic. Also, path-based approach could accommodate more guaranteed traffic and improve the performance of best effort traffic compared to node-based approach when the number of wavelengths is sufficient.

Keyphrases: Optical Burst Switching, Routing, Wavelength assignment, Wavelength Selection, Reinforcement learning, Combinatorial optimization, Tabu search
« Écrire, c’est bien s’inscrire dans le monde » : une lecture d’Art poétique d’Eugène Guillevic

This dissertation will develop an interpretation of Art poétique by Eugène Guillevic. This anthology in not only a treatise on poetry, but also a “self-portrait of a poet who continues to interrogate himself, and interrogates the world” . This issue is expressed by Guillevic himself: “Writing means making ourselves part of the world” .  This sentence leads to the following hypothesis: the genre of “ars poetica” is a means that paradoxically leads Guillevic to write in an intimate manner. This dissertation is an outline of the relations that the poetical subject attempts to maintain with space and time. The theory of discourse of Emile Benveniste will constitute the primary theoretical background for this analysis.

Keyphrases: Guillevic, Art poétique, The Art of Poetry, ars poetica
Émergence du fumisme dans la production d'un nouvel esprit littéraire

This thesis focuses on a particular period in literary history that goes under the name of fumism. This “fumist” moment, which occurred during the years 1860-1880 in Paris, introduces a new economy of meaning that, in the latter part of the nineteenth century, leads to a transformation in reader’s changing perceptual and intellectual habits.  In the perspective of institutionalized literary history, critics conceive fumist productions as “fumisteries” (which might be rendered as “nonsense”) and lump this ephemeral movement or literary school (“l’École fumiste”) together with decadent and symbolist literary movements, reducing it to so-called mystification contests organized by the comedian named Sapeck and the writer Alphonse Allais, both designated as leaders of “l’École fumiste” around 1880. Yet, rather than viewing fumist productions as aimless provocations and assimilating Rimbaud’s work as an example of this “fumisterie” and decadence, this thesis examines the underlying presuppositions of language that are operative in the novel understanding of literature it entails. In this perspective, “fumism,” as a theory of discourse and literary practice, signals the emergence of a new vision of language and literary production.  Against this background, this thesis presents a detailed historical reading of fumism in the context of literary debates in late nineteenth-century France. At the same time, this study shows how the reception of fumist works leads to a transformed economy of meaning and, above all, to a reconfiguration of literary understanding. As this study details, fumist productions (essentially poems and caricatures that can be viewed in the Album zutique, the main corpus) are based on rebuses. Remarkably exemplified by Rimbaud’s controversial sonnet “Voyelles”, this new meaning economy creates what are termed “documents”, which place the materiality of the text on a par with its potential meanings. In interpreting this transformation, the thesis concludes by demonstrating how this new understanding of meaning lays the groundwork for the artistic economy of the twentieth century – in particular, with regard to the dynamic mode of perception introduced by the father of the animated film, the fumist Emile Cohl.

Keyphrases: Reception, Rebus, Document, Fumism, Fumist period, Economy, Meaning production, Reception, Rebuses, Metatext, Document
La ville par-delà ses frontières : la représentation de Paris chez Mohammed Dib, Abdelwahab Meddeb et Annie Cohen

During the 1970s and 1980s, while the status of immigrants and the question of their integration are feeding debate and controversy in France, three writers offer the story of a North African living in Paris who questions society and denounces its shortcomings. This dissertation aims to show the contribution of Mohammed Dib (Habel, 1977), Abdelwahab Meddeb (Phantasia, 1986) and Annie Cohen (L’Édifice invisible, 1988) to new representations of Paris that appeared in the social imaginary after decolonization. Given the supremacy of French culture, the protagonists offer a radical openness to alterity and question the alienation process and the status quo in the matters of culture and identity. A theme common to the three novels analyzed, the “promenade” leads their authors to work on the formatting of the story while placing the heroes in opposition to the changing urban and consumerist Western society.

Keyphrases: Paris, Mohammed Dib, Abdelwahab Meddeb, Annie Cohen, Habel, Phantasia, French literature, Sociocriticism, Paris, City, Mohammed Dib, Abdelwahab Meddeb, Annie Cohen, Habel, Phantasia
Fondements épistémologiques et représentations sociales d’enseignants d’histoire du secondaire à l’égard de l’enseignement de l’histoire et de la formation citoyenne

This dissertation focuses on the epistemological foundations and the vision of high school history teachers regarding history teaching and citizenship education. The work has to be considered within the context of history curriculum reform that now engages teachers in an education for democratic citizenship. This educational project is based on the premise that learning history, its specific manner of thinking and method, allows the formation of individuals capable of critical thinking and self-awareness. This vision of history teaching implies that students practice historical thinking, analyze different sources and construct historical interpretations. In so doing, it is believed that they will develop an understanding of the world based on the use of concepts and complex thinking, which would also contribute to the objective of citizenship education. However, research shows that teachers use more traditional teaching methods than those mentioned above (Charland, 2003; Martineau, 1997). Consequently, the new programs expect that teachers will change their practices. But such a change can’t be declared "from above". Teachers’ beliefs are slow to change and they greatly determine the historical formation and citizenship education that students receive. These beliefs are the object of this dissertation’s study. I observed these beliefs through the angle of the theory of social representations and the models of “central core” (noyau central) (Abric, 1994) and organizing principles (Moliner, 1996) that allow the identification of existing relationships between different representations. I conducted an exploratory qualitative type research. My research consist of semi-structured interviews, lasting an average of 120 minutes, conducted on a sample of eighteen high school history teachers from Montreal, Quebec City and Natives communities of Quebec. The tool for gathering and analyzing data draws from the methodological developments made in research on social representations (hierarchical evocation continued or limited, conceptual designs) (Abric, 1994, 1997). The results identify the epistemological and didactic foundations, the content and the structure, as well as the relationship between the representations of history and citizenship education. They also highlight teachers’ ideological and pedagogical beliefs.

Keyphrases: Social representation, epistemology, didactics, history, citizenship, teaching and learning, teachers
Implications d'AXIN2 et de l'instabilité microsatellite dans le développement des tumeurs du cortex-surrénalien

Adrenocortical lesions are mostly benign tumors and rarely carcinomas.  From now on, genetic alterations implicated in sporadic adrecocortical tumour development remains largely unknown.  In our previous work leading to identification of genetic alterations in β-catenin, we observed that many tumors presented a nucleo/cytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin protein without β-catenin mutations.  Thus, we hypothesised that, as for many others cancers, others components of the Wnt/ β-catenin signalling pathway, as AXIN2, are implicated in development of adrenocortical tumors. Also, many aberrations in AXIN2 and β-catenin expression have been reported in association with microsatellite instability in other types of cancers like gastroinstestinal and colorectal cancer. We have studied 30 adenomas, 6 carcinomas, 5 AIMAH, 3 ACTH-dependant hyperplasias and 5 PPNAD as well as the human carcinoma cancer cells lines H295R and SW13. Preliminary study for MSI was also realised on 10 tumors harbouring AXIN2 and/or Β-CATENIN mutations. We have found AXIN2 mutations in 7% of adrenocortical adenomas (2/30) and 17% of adrenocortiocal carcinomas. Functional analysis of this mutation by immunohistochemical, western blot and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed a down-regulation of AXIN2 expression associated with this mutation.  Preliminary analysis of MSI results in 1 AIMAH sample MSI-H, which means instable for BAT-25 and BAT-26 locus, and 2 aldosterone adenomas were unstable for BAT-26 locus. This work identified a new genetic alteration involved in adrenocortical tumour development and report for the first time MSI-H in this type of tumor.

Keyphrases: AXIN2, Mutation, Adrenocortical tumors, AXIN2, Mutations, Microsatelite instability, Wnt/B-catenin
Le libéralisme politique et l’éducation à l’autonomie individuelle

This study explores the consequences of the rawlsian interpretation of ethical pluralism for the legitimacy of individual autonomy as a goal of public educational policies. Rawls (1993, 2003) affirms that the only educational goals that can legitimately justify public policies and the state’s intervention in children’s education are strictly political goals. Now, Rawls defines personal autonomy as a private ethical ideal. Therefore, he concludes that personal autonomy is not a legitimate goal of public education. The main thesis defended in this study is that Rawls fails to realize the implications of his own political theory for educational policies. His ideal of citizenship demands in fact a public promotion of individual autonomy. One effect of this thesis is to challenge the principle of the state’s neutrality towards all ethical doctrines, which characterizes and distinguishes Rawls’ theory from the classical versions of liberalism. The second part of the study considers an alternative strategy that aims at defending the principle of neutrality by redefining the very concept of personal autonomy in procedural and non-ethical terms. However, this study shows that, independently of its conceptual plausibility, a purely procedural notion of personal autonomy is not appropriate in the context of the rawlsian educational project. Rawls’ political theory demands in fact the valorization of the practice of autonomy and involves thereby an unavoidable ethical partiality for certain ways of life. Finally, the third part of this study explores the normative debate about the means needed for the promotion of personal autonomy in public education. More specifically, it focuses on the question of the legitimacy of religious schools. It argues, on the one hand, that religious schools can play an important instrumental role for the development of personal autonomy, but that, on the other hand, common schooling is, at the certain stage, necessary for a full development of children’s personal autonomy within a pluralistic society.

Keyphrases: John Rawls, Personal Autonomy, Common Education, Political Liberalism, John Rawls