NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Une évaluation qualitative d’un programme de préparation à l’examen professionnel québécois à partir de la perception des candidates infirmières

Since 2000, the professional licensure exam of the Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec (OIIQ) is comprised of two parts; a written exam and a practical exam in the form of an objectively structured clinical examination (OSCE). Various establishments have created preparation programs in order to help candidates study for the exam; however, these programs have never been evaluated. The goal of this study was to qualitatively assess a preparation program for the professional licensure exam. Focus groups were held with candidates who had participated in a preparation program. The groups explored the program’s impact on the candidates’ experience during the professional licensure exam, as perceived by the candidates themselves. The data analysis was performed based on the method of analysis by analytical questioning of Paillé and Mucchielli (2008). The second-generation competency-based approach developed by Goudreau, Pepin, Dubois, Boyer, Larue and Legault (2009) was used as a framework for this study. Analysis of the interviews identified candidates’ expectations with regards to the preparation program and its impact on their experience during the professional licensure exam. The program allowed candidates to assess their strengths and weaknesses in order to guide their study sessions, while reducing the stress linked to the fear of the unknown and increasing their motivation and confidence. The OSCE and the feedback provided after OSCE are the activities perceived as being the most relevant, both by the candidates and from a competency approach perspective. On the other hand, the written exam was perceived as being less relevant for the exam preparation and less relevant to competency development. Suggestions to improve the preparation program were gathered from the interviews with the participants and recommendations for management, practice, education and research in nursing science were made as a result of this study.

Keyphrases: preparation program for the professional licensure exam, competency approach, candidates, professional licensure exam
The Political and Artistic Program of Prince Petru Rares of Moldavia (1527-1538 and 1541-1546) and the Fresco Series Depicting the “Life of the Mother of God” in the Church of Humor Monastery

In 1993, the church of Humor Monastery and six other churches from northern Moldavia (Romania) were classified as UNESCO Patrimony, due to their unique iconographical and architectural features. Built in the sixteenth-century, Humor Monastery became a rich and vital cultural religious center under the patronage of Prince Petru Rares of Moldavia.  This center encouraged ecclesial architectural innovations, as well as an extraordinarily prolific program of frescoes, both internally and externally, expressing creativity beyond the canon of painting of the time. This dissertation focuses on understanding these architectural and iconographical innovations, in the light of the historical context that gave rise to this unique moment in Moldavian history, in the century following the Fall of Constantinople (1453). While the first part of the dissertation focuses on these historical circumstances, and more precisely on the impact of the patronage of Prince Rares, the second part of the research concentrates on the literary sources and the theology of a unique fresco series depicting the “Life of the Mother of God,” which has been painted on the walls of the gropnita (burial chamber) of Humor monastic church.   The fresco series is an extraordinary example of the interaction between texts, the apocryphon Protogospel of James and the Synaxarion, and the iconographic narration of the “Life of the Mother of God.” Careful attention to the iconography of the Humor monastic church demonstrates the need for the correlation between text and icon, as well as the need for a correlation between theological studies, art and history.   This methodological perspective will foster a richer appreciation of the abundant cultural and religious treasures of the Christian communities of Eastern Europe, both from a cultural as well as a specifically theological perspective as a further response to their prestigious recognition of being included in the UNESCO’s Patrimony in the closing decade of the twentieth - century.

Keyphrases: Iconography, Protgospel of James, Synaxarion, The “Life of the Mother of God”- frescoes, Mariology, Moldavia, Petru Rares, UNESCO, Humor Monastery
Aportes del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) en la enseñanza de la Fisiología Animal en un programa de Zootecnia

Based on difficulties observed on the subject of technical-scientific conceptualization and the integration of theory and practice in learning animal physiology for students in the Animal Science program at the National University of Colombia in Medellin, this research paper proposes a problem-based learning strategy founded on the method of Problem Based Learning (PBL), applied specifically to the issues of thermoregulation and physiological stress in domestic animals. In this case study, a sample size of eight students was presented with a pedagogical problem during the first session that would then be solved during the course. In order to evaluate the process, three surveys were conducted called Level Test Formulations (NF) performed at different times of the trial: one before beginning the topic (NF 1), one after three theoretical classes had been given and before beginning the fieldwork (NF 2), and another one after the end of the process (NF 3). Finally, individual interviews were conducted with each student to know the students' perceptions regarding the method. The information obtained was subjected to a qualitative analysis and categorization, using the QDA Miner program which reviewed and coded texts from the surveys and individual interviews, supplemented in turn, by field observation, analyzing the conceptual change, the theory-practice relationship and the correlation between the variables and categories established. x Among the main results obtained, it should be noted that following the implementation of PBL in this Animal Physiology course, support for conceptual change was demonstrated and the formulated problem served as a connector between theory and practice. Moreover, there was a fusion of prior knowledge with newly acquired knowledge, meaningful learning, improvement in the level of conceptualization and an increase in the scientificness of definitions; it also led to problem-solving and overcoming epistemological obstacles such as multidisciplinarity and nonlinearity. As a result of this research, it is recommended that this method be evaluated in other topics related to Animal Physiology, in other sciences, in larger sample sizes, as well as to address the issue of evaluation applied directly to this method.

Keyphrases: PBL, conceptual change, integration of theory and practice, significatif learning, animal physiology, thermoregulation, physiological stress
Encore sexy au cinéma? 
De la série au film : étude médiatique de la réception de Sex and the City

After the worldwide success of the television series extended by films, the Sex and the City franchise has become a mass phenomenon. Subject of several academic studies that highlight the importance of the postfeminist for the success of the franchise, Sex and the City is distinguished by the special relationship that is established between the audience and the characters, and which is the object of this study: relationship that passes by representation of the subjects and the women's daily and especially by the construction of the characters mainly the main character Carrie Bradshaw. In addition, it is reinforced by media strategies used to bring the women's public recognition and identification with the characters.

Keyphrases: Films, Identification, TV series, Movies, Reception, Recognition, Identification, Postfeminist, Medias
Spectroscopie Raman de complexes de fer(II) et fer(III) à transition de spin

AbstractSpin crossover processes lead to significant changes of molecular structures and spectroscopic properties measured for complexes of d-block transition metals. This thesis focuses on vibrational Raman spectroscopy of iron(II) and iron(III) compounds with spin transitions induced through temperature and pressure variations. Three iron(II) complexes of type FeN4(NCS)2 with different spin transition patterns have been studied: Fe(Phen)2(NCS)2 (Phen : 1,10-Phenanthroline), Fe(Btz)2(NCS)2 (Btz : 2,2’-bi-4,5- dihydrothiazine) and Fe(pyridine)4(NCS)2. A 50 cm-1 shift has been found for the C-N stretching frequency of the thiocyanate ligand in these compounds as a consequence of the spin transition induced by temperature or pressure. These frequency variations have been used to trace different transition profiles. Four different isomers of FeL222(CN)2 (L222 : [2,13-dimethyl-6,9-dioxa-3,12,18-triazabicyclo[12.3.1]-octadeca-1(18),2,12,14,16- pentaene]) type complexes have also been studied. A variation with temperature of approximately 0,03 cm-1/K has been observed for a few bands for the FeL222(CN)2 complex. A band at 1415 cm-1 decreases in intensity in favour of a band at 1400 cm-1 as temperature rises. The bands at 1008 cm-1 and 1140 cm-1 for the complex of R,R’ configuration shift to higher frequencies around 223 K. Spin transitions have also been investigated in some iron(III) complexes. In this family of compounds, the Fe(EtDTC)3 (EtDTC : N,N-diéthyldithiocarbamate) complex has been studied. No change has been observed in the intensity of the iron-sulphur stretching bands in spectra measured at variable temperature. However, at high pressure the low-spin Fe-S band at 530 cm-1 gains intensity compared to the high spin band at 350 cm-1. A splitting of the C-N stretching band of the dithiocarbamate ligand at 1495 cm-1 is observed at pressures above 5 kbar. A comparison of all changes in vibrational spectra is presented.

Keyphrases: thiocyanate, pression variable, complexe Fe(II), complexe Fe(III), Spin crossover, Raman spectroscopy, thiocyanate, variable pressure, iron(II) complexes, iron(III) complexes
Complexe d'épaule dans un contexte d'analyse tridimentionnel - Modélisation et mise en garde

The shoulder is an articulated complex composed of the thorax, clavicle, scapula and humerus. While the relative orientation and position of the segments makes an in-depth study of the shoulder difficult, understanding the interaction between the segments remains clinically important. Thus, a new model of the upper limb is proposed. Joint kinematics of 15 subjects were collected and reconstructed using the model, and were found to be less variable and easier  to interpret when compared to the reference model. Meanwhile, simplifications involving the use of 2D analysis to calculate range of motion in 3D are criticized. Exceptions where  these simplifications apply, were however, shown. Thus, such simplifications can be applied to models in certain situations without compromising the models validity.

Keyphrases: Shoulder, Modeling, 3D kinematics, Reference configuration, Rotation matrix, Cardan angles, Angles subtraction
Le nerf du corps : racines, correspondances et contamination des images de folles au cinéma

This thesis examines the mise en scène of female madness in film. We believe that it is possible to understand madness as an aesthetic form and thus isolate a repertoire of figures essential to the interpretation and performance of female bodies. Beginning with an “elusive” definition of madness, we can conceptualize it outside of the pathology and consider instead how the images can be reflected in History and replay a series of "representational processes" on the screen. Firstly, we are interested in the great repertoire in which imagination builds the iconography of female madness in film. We show how a network of older images influences from different angles the visual memory of insanity and we stress the importance of the “spectacular” aspect of this iconography. Secondly, we study the motion of bodies in chosen films. We demonstrate how the mise en scène of madness gives access to a repertoire of recognizable forms of expression: syncope, hysterical laughter, ecstasy, falls, tics, contractures, etc. Finally, based on the concepts of mimesis and contagion, we demonstrate the importance of gesture in understanding madness in film.

Keyphrases: image, mise en scène, contagion, madness, aesthetic, series, image, movement, body, gesture, female, film, performance
Est-ce que le Contrôle est un facteur de protection ou de vulnérabilité pour le décrochage scolaire chez les adolescents?

This study’s main goal is to determine if Conscientiousness moderates the relation between risk factors and dropping out of high school. This project is a secondary analysis of the data from the “Stratégie d’Intervention Agir Autrement” (SIAA) study. The sample includes 1864 15 years old adolescents who go to 62 different high schools in Quebec. Logistic regression analyses confirmed the importance of different risk factors in high school dropping out such as disobedience in school, socioeconomic status, commitment to school, performance in school, grade retention, friends’ lack of school commitment, and conflicting relationships with teachers. Moreover, it was revealed that Conscientiousness moderated the relation between conflicting relationships with teachers and dropping out and was therefore a vulnerability factor. Indeed, an adolescent who has a high level of Conscientiousness is more at risk of dropping out when s/he has conflicting relationships with his or her teachers.

Keyphrases: personality trait, Conscientiousness, school dropping out, conflicting relationships with teachers, risk factors, moderator, vulnerability factor, adolescence, adolescence
Influence d’une augmentation du taux de testostérone sur les décisions d’approvisionnement chez les diamants mandarins mâles (Taeniopygia guttata)

An animal foraging in groups can search for its own food (producer tactic) or try to join food patches previously discovered by another group member (scrounger tactic). Although producer-scrounger game models assume that the payoffs associated with both tactic are equal at equilibrium and so do not depend on individual characteristics, there is recent evidence that tactic choice is constrained by certain phenotypical traits (aggressivity, learning abilities…). In this study, we examined the effect of testosterone on tactic use in male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Because testosterone is known to affect both brain development and aggressiveness, we tested whether differences in testosterone exposure either during development or in adulthood had an effect on producer-scrounger tactic use, when food was cryptic or defendable. First, we measured the tarsus length and the distance between the end of the fourth and the end of the second digit as proxies of prenatal exposure to testosterone, and tested whether they were correlated with foraging tactic use under both conditions. We found that tactic choice in zebra finches is phenotypically constrained. We suggest that early exposure to sex hormones during the embryonic period could be responsible for at least a part of the variation in tactic choice. Second, we manipulated the circulating level of testosterone in adult male zebra finches using subcutaneous testosterone implants, and compared the behavior of individuals when they had either a control implant or a testosterone implant. This time we found no effect of plasmatic level of testosterone on tactic choice. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that tactic choice in zebra finches could be mediated by hormones. Our finding that steroid hormones can affect tactic use provides evidence for maternal effects in producer-scrounger games.

Keyphrases: Producer-scrounger game, Tactic choice, Testosterone, Agression, Aggression, Zebra finch
Étude de la virulence et de la résistance aux antibiotiques des Staphylococcus aureus résistants à la méthicilline chez le porc à l'abattoir au Québec

In recent years and in several countries, a new type of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the sequence type (ST) 398, has been frequently found in pigs and in farmers in contact with these pigs. In Canada, little information is available concerning MRSA from pigs. A previous study in our laboratory identified 107 MRSA isolates from two pig slaughterhouses in Quebec. This study was conducted to determine antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of MRSA from abattoir pig, to study their biofilm formation in relation with agr specificity groups and to evaluate horizontal transfer of genes to a MRSA of human clinical origin. Different phenotypic patterns of antimicrobial resistance were observed in these MRSA and a representative subset of these isolates was selected for further characterization. Twenty-four porcine MRSA were characterized by a DNA microarray, the StaphyType of CLONDIAG. Our results demonstrated that the MRSA strains from the abattoirs contain several antimicrobial resistance genes responsible for macrolide and tetracycline resistance and virulence genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins, hemolysins, leukocidins, aureolysin, superantigens, immunoevasion, adhesion, and biofilm development. This study presents the first evidence that horizontal transfer of some of these genes can occur between MRSA of porcine and human origin. We also report for the first time biofilm formation in Livestock Associated-MRSA of porcine origin associated with agr group II. It is possible that biofilm formation favors colonization, persistence as well as zoonotic potential. This research provides a better understanding of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of MRSA from pigs and their potential contribution to the emergence of some resistance and virulence factors in MRSA of human origin.

Keyphrases: Porc, Abattoir, Canada, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pigs, Antimicrobial resistance, Microarray, Virulence genes, Abattoir
La construction de l’identité dans une société de la diversité.
Critique du multiculturalisme de Kymlicka et de Taylor

Modern societies are increasingly confronted with the challenge of diversity. Defenders of multiculturalism responded with a model of society based on a politics of recognition. This model can be connected to a particular conception of identity. In order to make a new contribution to the critique of this approach, this work presents an analysis of the writings of two of the main proponents: Will Kymlicka and Charles Taylor. It does so by focusing on their conception of identity and argues that it does not leave enough room for change and fails to fully recognise the importance and the impact of personal will. The works of other authors are analysed in order to emphasize the need to view the boundaries between sameness and otherness in a more flexible fashion and to acknowledge that violence can attend the creation of differences between people. The figure of the “man without qualifies” portrayed by the novelist Robert Musil is offered as emblematic of how an individual can become autonomous through an act of creative destruction. Finally, it is concluded that the state should facilitate the creation of difference and this requires allowing citizens to conceive of their lives as an experience of the possible.

Keyphrases: Charles Taylor, Will Kymlicka, Multiculturalism, Construction of identity, Autonomy, Diversity
Remodelage du muscle lisse péribronchique dans l’inflammation respiratoire chronique

Equine heaves and asthma in people are two respiratory diseases that share many characteristics, including episodes of bronchospasm and respiratory distress due to an inappropriate airway inflammation in response to inhaled antigens. In both diseases, the main clinical manifestations are increased breathing efforts, wheezing and coughing. Changes in the airway wall include increased airway smooth muscle, subepithelial fibrosis, epithelial changes, and increased mucus. The increase in smooth muscle is of particular importance as it not only affects baseline airway caliber, but also accentuates the effect of bronchoconstriction on airflow limitation. These structural changes are grouped under the term “remodeling” and are associated with the accelerated decline of respiratory function in asthmatics. While current treatments offer adequate control of bronchospasm and inflammation, their effects on remodeling are unknown. In this thesis, airway smooth muscle remodeling reversibility was investigated in heaves-affected horses. The longitudinal studies conducted here, mostly made on peripheral pulmonary tissue harvested under thoracoscopic guidance, can not be easily done in people for ethical reasons, or in other animal species, few of them having spontaneous asthma-like disease like horses. Results have shown that heaves-affected horses have twice as much airway smooth muscle than age-matched controls kept in the same environment, and that myocyte proliferation contributes to this increase. It was also shown that a relatively brief antigenic exposure in chronically affected horses does not further increase smooth muscle mass, which suggests that it may reach a plateau over time. It was also shown that airway smooth muscle is partially reversible and that this reversibility can be accelerated with inhaled corticosteroids. On the other hand, corticosteroids only accelerated the decrease in mass compared to strict environmental control, without affecting the total improvement observed at the end of the study, which suggests that some of this chronic remodeling is irreversible. The thirty percent decrease seems relatively modest but it is nevertheless the first demonstration that airway smooth muscle remodeling of adult horses affected by heaves for years is at least in part reversible.

Keyphrases: heaves, asthma, remodeling, airway smooth muscle, corticosteroids