NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L’abandon du traitement de jeunes toxicomanes ayant séjourné en communauté thérapeutique et leur condition post-traitement

Alcohol and drugs misuse is a daily struggle for many teens. Although the effectiveness of many treatments has been well documented, treatment dropout rates among teens are high and can impact treatment outcomes. The current study explored pre-treatment client characteristics as predictors of treatment drop-out and treatment outcomes. Teens entering the therapeutic community Portage between 2003 and 2008 (n=215) have been administrated the Indice de gravité d’une toxicomanie pour les adolescents (Germain, Landry, & Bergeron, 2003, 1999), a translation of the Teen Addiction Severity Index (Kaminer, Bukstein, & Tarter, 1991). Eight domains are measured by the questionnaire: alcohol use, drug use, health status, school or employment status, psychiatric status, peer-social relationships, family relationships and legal status. The relationships between these domains and treatment dropout were tested with logistic regression. The results indicated that first-time therapeutic community clients and those who were struggling with peer-social relationships prior to admission were most likely to drop out of treatment. Multiple linear regressions were then used to predict treatment outcomes measured by the eight domains of the questionnaire. The relevance of the Teen Addiction Severity Index (Kaminer, Bukstein, & Tarter, 1991) to predict treatment dropout and treatment outcomes is discussed.

Keyphrases: Adolescents, Treatment dropout, Treatment outcomes, Therapeutic community, Adolescent treatment
Les rêves durant la grossesse : étude de leur nature et de leur rôle prédictif dans l’adaptation psychologique à la maternité

According to many perinatal health care professionals, dreams are more frequent and disturbed during pregnancy. Some suggest that in being more vivid, realistic and impactful than during any other period of life, pregnancy dreams might increase women’s awareness to their intrapsychic world and therefore facilitate the resolution of past relational issues. Other clinicians suggest that dreams during pregnancy might help women to integrate their maternal role through the elaboration of various mental representations, such as the future mother-baby relationship. While these notions have been frequently mentioned in the clinical literature, empirical evidence is lacking. The first objective of this thesis was to provide a better description of changes occurring in the dreams of the third trimester (≥26 weeks) of a first pregnancy, using measures of dream recall, dysphoric dreams prevalence, and dream content. Our results show—for the first time—that when pregnant women’s dreams are prospectively collected, they are not more frequent, but they are more disturbed (study 1) and generally more dysphoric (study 2) than non-pregnant women’s dreams. The second study also reveals that during pregnancy, dreams do not only express typical concerns of pregnant women, but they also depict the elaboration of representations of the woman’s relationship with her unborn child. However, more general dream attributes, such as development of the dream’s narrative and interactions between dream characters, are similar between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The second objective of this thesis was to assess the predictive role of pregnancy dreams in the psychological adaptation to motherhood through the evaluation of specific affective and representational characteristics (study 3). Our results show for the first time that more frequent masochistic dreams and dreams about mother-daughter relationships predict independently, and above and beyond prenatal depression symptoms, better maternal adaptation to affective and relational changes concurrent with the arrival of a new baby. The results of this thesis thus support the view that dreams are continuous with emotionally important waking life concerns. The work also supports theoretical conceptions suggesting that dreams have an adaptive function in maintaining psychological equilibrium.

Keyphrases: Cauchemars, Dreams, Bad dreams, Nightmares, Dream recall, Dysphoric dreams prevalence, Dream content, Pregnancy, Maternal mental representations, Psychological adaptation to motherhood
L’impact différencié de la satisfaction envers les bonis individuels et les bonis collectifs sur l’intention de rester des travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications (TIC)

This thesis aims to study the differential impact of satisfaction with individual bonus plans and collective bonus plans on the intention to stay (in the compagnie) of the information and communications technology (ICT) industry workers. In order to investigate this question, three research hypotheses were issued using the following theories: 1 - the agency theory, 2 - the expectations theory and 3 - Blau’s social exchange theory (1964). The first hypothesis suggests that satisfaction with individual bonus plans enhances intention to stay of the ICT industry workers. The second hypothesis suggests that satisfaction with collective bonus plans enhances the intention to stay of the ICT industry workers. The last hypothesis suggests that satisfaction with individual bonus plans has a greater impact on the intention to stay of the ICT industry workers than satisfaction with collective bonus plans.  The data used to validate the hypotheses were collected for a larger research on "the relationship between compensation, training and skills development with attracting and retaining key employees." The longitudinal data come from a Canadian ICT business. The study population consists of workers newly hired between April 1st 2009 and September 30th 2010. The results of our statistical analyzes confirm Hypothesis 1, showing that satisfaction with individual bonus plan enhances intention to stay of the ICT industry workers. Contrariwise, the results contradict Hypothesis 2. Thus, the satisfaction with collective bonus plans has no significant impact on intention to stay. Despite a collinearity problem, the results tend to confirm Hypothesis 3, revealing that satisfaction with individual bonus plans have a greater impact on intention to stay of the ITC industry workers than satisfaction with collective bonus plans. The results also show that the level of education and the organizational commitment have a positve impact on worker’s intention to stay. Longitudinal analysis revealed that the differences between the characteristics of workers are a better explanation of intention to stay than the differences across time of a same worker. Finally, the conclusion of this thesis shows how our results can be used by managers in industrial relations, as well as researchers aiming to find the best ways to retain the ICT industry workers.

Keyphrases: Variable pay plans, Individual bonus plan and collective bonus plan, Satisfaction with individual bonus plan and collective bonus plan, Intention to stay
Phylogéographie comparée de la souris à pattes blanches et de la souris sylvestre, deux vecteurs de la maladie de Lyme au Québec

My study aims to assess the spread of an emerging zoonosis in Québec, Lyme disease, as a consequence of global warming. The pathogen responsible for this infection, Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted through a tick parasite, Ixodes scapularis, increasingly common in Québec due to the elevation of the average temperature of the atmosphere over the past decades. Since the tick has a very limited dispersal capacity, it is expected that its dispersion is linked to that of its primary host, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). I first described the species involved, their ecology and role in this three-level system (host / pathogen / vector). Then, using mitochondrial DNA sequences, I compared the phylogeography of the two main mouse species in Québec, the white-footed mouse and the deer mouse (P. maniculatus). Analyses of trees and haplotype networks revealed significant differences in the genetic structure, and thus showed that populations of P. leucopus are expanding in southern Québec. This study finally allowed making assumptions on the pattern of establishment of Lyme disease in Québec.

Keyphrases: Peromyscus, Population en expansion, Zoonosis, Lyme disease, Primary host, Mitochondrial DNA, Haplotype networks, Genetic structure, Expanding populations, Phylogeography
Dynamique des communautés végétales et impacts des perturbations humaines sur la végétation des tourbières

This study aimed to understand the temporal dynamics and the current floristic patterns in two peatlands of southwestern Quebec (Small and Large Tea Field), and to identify natural and anthropogenic drivers of the changes and patterns observed. To do so, past (1985) and recent (2012) floristic surveys were compared while current floristic patterns and underlying factors were identified using multivariate analyses. Firstly, results show that tree encroachment occurred over the last 30 years, likely due to drainage of surrounding farmlands lowering the water table level. Simultaneously, Sphagnum mosses have proliferated in the center of peatlands, probably explained by the recolonization of the areas burned in 1983. On the other hand, multivariate analysis showed that current floristic patterns were mainly related to environmental variables (water pH and conductivity, peat deposits thickness), although variance associated with human activities was also significant, especially in the Large peatland (18.6%). Floristic patterns as well as explanatory environmental and anthropogenic variables were highly structured in space, following a margin-expanse gradient. Finally, the current beta diversity was mainly related to the richness of native non-peatland and exotic species. Overall, this study showed that past and current human activities had a significant impact on vegetation dynamics and distribution of the Small and Large Tea Field peatlands.

Keyphrases: Peatland, Vegetation dynamics, Anthropogenic disturbance, Environmental factor, Tree encroachment, Beta diversity, Variation partitioning
Modélisation de l'évolution du réseau magnétique au cours du cycle solaire

The magnetic network is an ensemble of small magnetic flux concentrations  on the solar photosphere. Given its small scale in size and flux, at the  detection limit, its behavior has only been known since recently.  The network's interactions are crucial in understanding the solar dynamo  and the solar irradiance, as many network characteristics depend on  these interactions. The network is the main surface magnetic  contribution to the solar irradiance.  The extant models of the network so far did not consider interactions.  We have attempted to remedy this failing with our model.  Our simulations involve a random walk in 2D of magnetic flux tubes on the  solar photosphere. The flux tubes are injected, then undergo displacement  and interaction rules. Injection occurs on two scales, the smallest and  the largest observable respectively: elementary flux tubes and sunspots.  Surface processes are included which imitate the ones observed: emergence,  coalescence, cancellation and submergence of flux.  Fragmentation of concentrations  only happens for sunspots, as disintegration releasing flux tubes from the  spot. The model is applied to solar cycle 21 (1976-1986),  the best documented in terms of sunspot characteristics.  Two important questions in solar physics have been answered with this model.   The first pertains to whether flux injection at two very distinct flux scales  can lead to a flux distribution in the shape of a power law, as observed,  in the presence of surface mechanisms which reprocess the flux.  This question is tied to the origin of the solar dynamo, which could produce  (or not) this distribution. We find that it does produce the aforementioned  distribution. This implies that the observed flux distribution cannot be  used to constrain the type of dynamo operating in the Sun, because the  surface flows can equally well produce the observed flux distribution.   The second question is how long the network takes to return to its  baseline activity level during a prolonged activity minimum. This  state was observed during the Maunder minimum in 1645-1715 and bears  strongly on the relationship between solar activity and Earth climate.  The recent  activity minimum is considered by certain authors to have reached the  baseline state of solar activity. However, we find that this was not the  case. The network relaxation time we calculate is longer than the duration  of the last minimum.

Keyphrases: Simulation, Sun, Photosphere, Magnetism, Solar activity, Magnetic network, Random walk
Reconsidering the concept of ‘dual-use’ in the context of neuroscience research

The concept of ‘dual-use’ research usually refers to research with both civilian (e.g., therapeutic) and military applications. I argue here that this dichotomy can and should be reconsidered and thus that the concept of dual-use can be helpful in examining other potential misuses, such as neuroenhancement or neuromarketing.

Keyphrases: neuroscience, dual-use, neuroethics
Uncovering parallel ribosome biogenesis pathways during pre-60S subunit maturation

Paralogs are present during ribosome biogenesis as well as in mature ribosomes in form of ribosomal proteins, and are commonly believed to play redundant functions within the cell. Two previously identified paralogs are the protein pair Ssf1 and Ssf2 (94% homologous). Ssf2 is believed to replace Ssf1 in case of its absence from cells, and depletion of both proteins leads to severely impaired cell growth. Results reveal that, under normal conditions, the Ssf paralogs associate with similar sets of proteins but with varying stabilities. Moreover, disruption of their pre-rRNP particles using high stringency buffers revealed that at least three proteins, possibly Dbp9, Drs1 and Nog1, are strongly associated with each Ssf protein under these conditions, and most likely represent a distinct subcomplex. In this study, depletion phenotypes obtained upon altering Nop7, Ssf1 and/or Ssf2 protein levels revealed that the Ssf paralogs cannot fully compensate for the depletion of one another because they are both, independently, required along parallel pathways that are dependent on the levels of availability of specific ribosome biogenesis proteins. Finally, this work provides evidence that, in yeast, Nop7 is genetically linked with both Ssf proteins.

Keyphrases: Ribosome biogenesis, Parallel pathways, Paralogs, Ssf, Ssf2, Subcomplex, Genetic interactions, Nop7
Rôle des suppresseurs de tumeur PML et CHES1 dans la régulation de la sénescence et de la prolifération cellulaire

Senescence is an antiproliferative defense mechanism that protects the cell against the accumulation of mutations and, eventually, her transformation and the development of a tumor. This program consists of a permanent cell cycle arrest. It can be activated by many stimuli, such as telomere shortening, oxidative stress, or the expression of a constitutively active oncogene. Senescence regulation requires activation of proteins called tumor suppressors which the most important are p53 and RB. More specifically, senescences induced by the expression of oncogenic RASV12 or STAT5A (1 * 6) are respectively characterized by increased expression of the proteins PML and CHES1/FOXN3. The purpose of this thesis is, firstly, to identify the mechanism of regulation of senescence by PML. PML is a tumor suppressor whose expression in normal diploid cells is sufficient to induce senescence. This protein forms spherical nuclear bodies in which is recruited, among other molecules, the retinoblastoma protein RB. RB is a negative regulator of the cell cycle due to its capacity to bind and inhibit the E2F transcription factors whose target genes are necessary for proliferation. Our work demonstrates that the mechanism of induction of senescence by PML involves the recruitment of the complex RB/E2F to the PML body to enhance the inhibition of E2F activity by RB. Also, the E2Fs are recruited to PML bodies together with their promoters which promotes the formation of heterochromatin in these genes, helping their repression and thus the establishment of senescence. On the other hand, this thesis aims to characterize the role of CHES1/FOXN3 in regulating the cell cycle. CHES1 is a transcription factor of the Forkheads family which expression in cancer cells causes a growth reduction. To understand the antitumoral mechanism of CHES1, a microarray analysis of cancer cells expressing CHES1 was performed. This analysis shows that CHES1 is a transcriptional repressor. Specifically, CHES1 represses, among others, the expression of genes required for the synthesis of proteins such as PIM 2 and DYRK3. Interestingly, re-expression of PIM 2 in cancer cells expressing CHES1 partially restores cell proliferation. Also, microarray analysis revealed that CHES1 regulates the expression of many genes involved in the formation of cilia which one of the functions seems to be to modulate protein synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that the antitumor mechanism of CHES1 involves inhibition of protein synthesis.

Keyphrases: PML, CHES1, Cancer, RB, E2F, Cellular senescence, Tumor suppressor, Heterochromatin
Les croyances des enseignants et leurs pratiques relativement à l’évaluation de l’oral : étude de cas de deux enseignants de français de 3e secondaire

In recent years, several researchers have studied the teaching and assessment of oral communication, but little information is yet available about the actual practices of teachers in this regard. The purpose of this study is to describe the beliefs and practices of two teachers regarding oral communication and its assessment in L1 French teaching in high school, as well as their actual assessment practices of oral interaction. A structured interview allowed us to collect data on their beliefs and practices, while the think-aloud technique was used to observe their actual assessment practices of oral interaction. Analysis of the interviews showed that, in terms of their beliefs, teachers have concerns about the assessment of oral communication, mainly with respect to both tasks and assessment tools. In terms of their practices, we discovered that their assessment practices of oral communication are quite similar with respect to selected tasks, their frequency and their purpose. In terms of their observed practices, our study presents in detail the actions of teachers in authentic assessment situation, identifying cognitive and metacognitive processes involved in this complex task. Differences between the two teachers were observed with respect to their beliefs, practices and actual assessment practices. First, the criteria for evaluation (practice) does not always reflect what they believe to be important to teach in the classroom (belief). Moreover, despite a positive attitude regarding self-evaluation, these teachers have little or no interest in using it while assessing their students. Lastly, one of the teacher’s actions resembled the instructor-controller assessor’s type, while those of the other teacher resembled more the advisor educationalist. In general, we find that the practices of these teachers are more influenced by the situations they encountered when they were students and by the teaching traditions of their discipline than by the current curriculum.

Keyphrases: Oral interactions, Assessment, Teachers’ beliefs, Teachers’ practices
Compte-rendu de The Kidney Sellers: A Journey of Discovery in Iran par Sigrid Fry-Revere – Response by the author

In response to the review by Allard and Fortin, this paper offers a few clarifications regarding the author’s book.

Keyphrases: Iran, transplantation, ethics, tissue and organ procurement
L'espace sacrificiel féminin dans le cinéma de Lars von Trier

In all eras, they have been immolated in faith and love. In all civilizations, the need to honor God was expressed by the voice of violence and blood, the need to be purified from the sin and to be protected against the supernatural forces, was manifested through the sacrifice. This theme of sacrifice has spread from the creation of the world until today, it embodies and performs conflicts and oppositions between life and death, God and the devil.  The sacred writings rarely tell us about the role of women in ancient civilizations. The greatest sacrifices were generally associated to free men. In Christian religions, these sacrificed men borrow the footsteps of Christ and obey God's request, while women, the fallen slaves, are always associated to the original sin.   This research studies the female sacrificial space and the female figure in the cinema of Lars von Trier (especially in Melancholia (2011) Antichrist (2009), Dogville (2003), Dancer in the Dark (2000) and Breaking the Waves (1996)). This sacrificial space is analyzed through a hermeneutic reading of sacred books, especially the Bible in its Old and New Testament.  Important issues related to religious, mythological and cinematographic aspects are investigated to understand the spiritual, provocative, mythological, iconological and religious dimension of these women who sacrifice themselves in these films. We propose in this research to observe the evolution of the female figure from the slave to the master status, from the image of the Christ to the devil, while opposing sacrifice to justice. We intend to demonstrate that Lars von Trier has built with his cinema and the representation of the female body, as dead, tortured and hysterical, a true sacrificial mental and virtual space that saturates the film frame. The body of this woman breaks down, sacrifices itself, dies and reborns in another body, an idea, and a biblical figure in a sacrificial space that poses her as an example, as the Christ image.    This theoretical analysis of the female sacrificial figure is also undertaken through the creation of an experimental and hybrid film. Images from art history, other from the world of von Trier are revisited with an intertextual approach. She is Lars is a personal exploration of the theme of the sacrifice as well as an homage to the cinema of Lars von Trier.

Keyphrases: Lars von Trier, Sacrifice, Justice, Cinema, Female figure, Sacrificial space, Biblical hermeneutics, Justice, Research-creation
Exploration des changements identitaires : le cas des travailleuses sociales ayant immigré au Québec

The social workers face many challenges after obtaining their recognition by the OTSTCFQ (Ordre des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec). Based on a qualitative methodology, this presentation will explore the experience of migrant social workers (n=9) undertaking social work activities in Montreal. Arising from secondary data from the Pullen-Sansfaçon, Brown and Graham’s investigation (A qualitative investigation of migrants' experience and their professional adaptation into social work practice in Canada; Pullen-Sanfaçon, Brown and Graham, 2012-2015), we propose to explore the professional identity of immigrant social worker in Montreal. The professional identity may be conceptualized as the values, and professional experience acquired in the roles and professional practices. Data analyze shows different elements that discuss professional identity, including values, language and professional recognition. Also, in this paper we will discuss various changes related to professional identity, focusing on the practical application. Finally, we will illustrate the challenges upon the professional identity for immigrant social workers with regard to their professional recognition and language. Thus, we have identified key elements surrounding the notion of professional identity: values, language and recognition. In fact, these notions that constitute the core of the professional identity are illustrated following an immigration.

Keyphrases: immigration, social work, identity, immigration, values, recognition