NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Structure de la distribution de probabilités de l'état GHZ sous l'action locale de transformations du groupe U(2)

In this Master's thesis, I show that the probability distribution of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger quantum state (GHZ) under local action of independent von Neumann measurements follows a convex distribution of two distributions.The coefficients of the combination are related to the equatorial parts of the measurements, and the distributions associated with those coefficients are associated with the real parts of the measurements. One possible application of my result is that it allows one to split into two pieces the simulation of the GHZ state. Simulating, in worst case or in average, a quantum state like the GHZ state with random resources, shared or private, as well as with classical communication resources or even odd resources like nonlocal boxes is a very important in the theory of quantum communication complexity. We can think of this simulation problem as a problem in which many people get the description of a von Neumann measurement. Each party does not know the description of any other measurements belonging to the other parties. Each party after having applied his measurement on the subsystem of the state that he shares with the others gets a classical outcome. The joint distribution of the outcomes of every parties follows the distribution studied in this thesis in the case of the GHZ state. My result indicates that in order to simulate the distribution, we can first simulate the equatorial parts of the measurements in order to know which distribution associated to the real parts of the measurements to simulate. Other researchers have found how to simulate the equatorial parts of the von Neumann measurements with classical resources in the case of 3 parties, but it is still unknown how to simulate the real parts.

Keyphrases: non-locality, simulation of entanglement, equatorial von Neumann measurement, real von Neumann measurement, GHZ, GHZ
La conception de la modernité dans Holzwege de Heidegger

The present thesis explores the nature of the Heideggerian critique of Modern Times and of the metaphysics that constitutes their foundation, a critique that is based on the notion of the history of Being as conceived by Heidegger in the1930s. We will do so through a close reading of Die Zeit des Weltbildes, as well as of Nietzsches Wort « Gott ist tot », two essential writings found in the collection of texts called Holzwege. First, we will have a look at his idea of metaphysics in general, and of nihilism as the principle behind it’s history, of which we will then examine the first phases, leading to the emergence of Modern Times. At that point, we will explain of the nature of the inauguration of this era in Descartes’ philosophy, where he opposes the self-confirmation of truth by the human subject to religious obligation, a confirmation happening in self-consciousness. The modalities of this modern principle of knowledge will be examined, through key notions of Heidegger’s analysis: proposition, presentation, representation, production, objet, prehension, comprenhension, etc. After which a look at the human will as the main motor of this autonomous confirmation of truth, all through modern history up to philosophies such as that of Schopenhauer, is necessary to understand how Heidegger interprets this determination of truth in the light of the relation between man and his world. In his eyes, the Modern Times see man standing up to consciously assert himself as the center of reference of the whole world, bringing everything back to himself, therefore reducing ontology to anthropology. This paper will then, at the end of it’s path, take a close look at the way Heidegger interprets one of Modern Time’s main phenomena, originating according to him in modern metaphysics, that is to say modern science. It will reveal itself to be the privileged way by which man, after his positioning at the center of the world, proceeds through the world as his kingdom, all beings essentially being at his disposal. Modern science, this accomplishment of modern thought, almost seems to be the main inspiration from which he derives his theory concerning the essence of this thought.

Keyphrases: Heidegger, Heidegger, Metaphysics, Objet, Object, Subject, Modern Science, Modern Times, Will, Representation
Le rôle des entreprises dans la distribution des richesses

What role should firms play in modern economies ? In the first chapter, I criticize the idea that firms have broad social responsibilities beyond the law : they have neither the capacity nor the democratic legitimacy to act on behalf of the common good. They must therefore stick to their economic role. However, when defining this economic role, one should include distributive considerations. The second chapter exposes three intuitions of classical economists. These provide the basis to justify an equal distribution of labour income. In the third chapter, I show that firms play an important role in coordinating economic activities, and should be key institutions in establishing a fairer distribution of labour income. In order to promote this distributive goal, one must rethink the ownership and institutional design of firms. For example, the regulation should promote cooperative ownership and workplace democracy.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Firm, RSE, CSR, Justice distributive, Distributive justice, Institutional design, Cooperatives, Workplace democracy
Ma mère est une porte ; suivi de
Approche génétique : un monument à la mémoire des disparus emportés par le temps de l’écriture

This M.A. Thesis combining research and creative writing is divided in two parts: a poetic narrative and an essay. Ma mère est une porte is structured in fragments and contains the mise en abyme of ruins in order to demonstrate that they closely relate to the ideas of absence, genetic footprint, memory and death. Ruins suggest fragments, thus the narrative’s esthetical form. The second part, Approche génétique : un monument à la mémoire des disparus emportés par le temps de l’écriture, is an essay reflecting on the metaphorical link between manuscript, ruins, archives and memory. Divided in three sections, it posits that new technology will cause modern manuscripts to disappear and the methodology behind genesis of text’s to evolve. Moreover, this will change how creative writing’s memory is preserved, hence affecting our cultural heritage.

Keyphrases: Archive, Aura, Aura, Creative writing, Genesis of text, Deuil, Mourning, Genetic footprint, Freud, Freud, Mémoire, Memory, Writing process, Word processing
Analyse de dépendance des programmes à objet en utilisant les modèles probabilistes des entrées

The task of maintenance and understanding of object-oriented programs is becoming increasingly costly. Dependency analysis can be a solution to facilitate this engineering task. However, dependency analysis is a task both important and difficult. We propose a framework for studying program internal dependencies in a probabilistic setting, where the program inputs are modeled either as a random vector, or as a Markov chain. In that setting, coupling metrics become random variables whose probability distributions can be studied via Monte-Carlo simulation. The obtained distributions provide an entry point for understanding the internal dependencies of program elements, as well as their general behaviour. This framework is appropriate for the (common) situation where the value taken by the metric does depend on the program inputs and where those inputs are not fixed a priori. We provide a concrete illustration with two case studies.

Keyphrases: simulation Mont-Carlo, internal dependency, program behaviour, Monte-Carlo simulation, probabilistic model
Étude du mécanisme d’augmentation de la relâche virale par la protéine Vpu du VIH-1

All accessory proteins of HIV-1, the ethiologic agent of AIDS, are thought to optimize viral replication and propagation in vivo. Among them, Vpu antagonizes Tetherin, a cellular factor that inhibits viral particle release. Downregulation of cell-surface Tetherin by Vpu is believed to prevent incorporation of this restriction factor into nascent viral particles, which would impede the formation of a Tetherin-derived protein anchor that bridges the virus to the plasma membrane of the infected cell. This thesis presents our studies on cellular mechanisms governing Tetherin antagonism by Vpu. A directed mutagenesis approach first identified two regions encompassing determinants of the localization of Vpu in the trans-Golgi network, and it correlated this intracellular distribution with enhanced release viral particle. Pulse-chase experiments in cellular systems wherein Tetherin was endogenously expressed showed that Vpu-induced Tetherin degradation is dispensable for restriction. In contrast, both a flow cytometry-based Tetherin re-expression assay and confocal microscopy analyses demonstrated that Vpu-mediated sequestration of Tetherin in the trans-Golgi network, a phenomenon that appeared to be triggered by the transmembrane association of the two proteins, was necessary for release inhibition. Vpu inducible expression in flow cytometry-based experiments provided evidence for an optimal antagonism of Tetherin at 6h after Vpu expression, following the interruption of Tetherin re-supply and a to the modest acceleration of the natural clearance of surface-localized Tetherin. Our work supports a model in which Tetherin sequestration in the trans-Golgi network prevents its re-supply, which, combined with its clearance from the surface, imposes a new equilibrium at the plasma membrane that is incompatible with the restriction of viral particle release. Overall, this thesis sheds light on the processes by which Vpu enhances the secretion of mature viruses and it establishes a mechanistic basis that could serve as starting point for the development of strategies aimed at interfering with Tetherin functions.

Keyphrases: Virus, Vpu, Tetherin, Restriction, Virus, HIV-1, Accessory protein, Vpu, Tetherin, Viral particle release, Restriction, Traffic, Sequestration
Métafiction et érotisme dans trois romans contemporains : A Sport and a Pastime de James Salter, Teorema de Pier Paolo Pasolini et Trou de mémoire d'Hubert Aquin

This thesis takes as its point of departure a theory elaborated by Linda Hutcheon. She proposes that metafiction is often made use of across four genres. One of these is eroticism. Thus, starting from this point, this work will examine in greater detail the ties and the implications inherent in this concept of metafiction -- which will be reviewed and summarized --  and eroticism. The three selected novels, A Sport and a Pastime by James Salter, Teorema by Pier Paolo Pasolini and Trou de mémoire by Hubert Aquin, will serve as sites of analysis with a view to reveal the intimate connection that is fostered by metafiction and eroticism.

Keyphrases: Erotism, Metafiction, Narration, Narration, James Salter, James Salter, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Hubert Aquin, Hubert Aquin, Sexuality, A Sport and a Pastime, A Sport and a Pastime, Teorema, Teorema, Trou de mémoire, Trou de mémoire
Rôle de la CuZn superoxyde dismutase dans la néovascularisation en réponse à l'ischémie

When atherosclerotic vascular obstructions are so extensive that direct revascularization techniques cannot be undertaken successfully, the severity of residual tissue ischemia will depend in large part on the ability of the organism to spontaneously develop new blood vessels (neovascularization). The mechanisms involved in neovascularization depend on the oxidative stress balance. Increased oxidative stress is a common feature of all cardiovascular risk factors and particularly aging. In the vascular wall, CuZnSOD is the predominant antioxidant enzyme. Nevertheless, its specific role in vascular aging and new blood vessels formation is currently unknown. Accordingly, we hypotheze that 1) CuZnSOD deficiency reduces neovascularization in response to ischemia 2) this reduction is partly due to vascular aging affecting mature endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells. We have demonstrated that CuZnSOD deficiency significantly reduces neovascularization in response to ischemia. This reduction is associated with increased oxidative stress and reduced NO bioavailability. CuZnSOD deficiency significantly decreases EPCs number (bone marrow, spleen). Moreover, these EPCs present significant increased oxidative stress levels, reduced NO production and decreased migration and incorporation into tubular-like structures capacities. Importantly, neovascularization in CuZnSOD deficient-mice can be rescued by an EPCs supplementation from control mice. vii We have also demonstrated that the blood flow recovery following ischemia was significantly reduced with aging. Both in old and young mice, CuZnSOD deficiency led to a further reduction of neovascularization. Interestingly, the resulting neovascularization potential in young CuZnSOD-deficient mouse was similar to that of an older wild type mouse. Oxidative stress levels were also increased to similar levels in these two groups. Both aging and CuZnSOD deficiency were associated with reduced number of bone marrow and peripheral EPCs. The effect of moderate aging alone on specific functional activities of EPCs was modest. However, CuZnSOD deficiency was associated with severe age-dependent defect in EPC fucntional activities. In summary, our resultats suggest that CuZnSOD protection against oxidative stress is essential for EPC functional activities and neovascularization in response to ischemia. The defective neovascularization observed in CuZnSODdeficient mice is associated with accelerated vascular aging. Our results suggest that in aging context, CuZnSOD has a critical role limiting increased oxidative stress and protecting both EPC functional activities and ischemic tissues integrity.

Keyphrases: angiogenesis, endothelial progenitor cells, oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase, vascular aging, vasculogenesis
La ballade de Gilbert ; suivi de Le quotidien dans Molloy de Samuel Beckett

The novel La ballade de Gilbert tells the story of a man whose quiet and ordinary life is troubled when he realises that one of his long time colleagues is seeing prostitutes. To re-establish his comfort, he secretly tries to encourage this colleague to find a mate, but this quest becomes a relentless obsession that overturns even more the order of his life. A reflection about everyday life and the limits between the ordinary and the extraordinary, the familiar and the uncanny, is proposed through this narrative. The essay Le quotidien dans Molloy de Samuel Beckett also touches everyday life by the analysis of the dialogue between familiarity and strangeness. Molloy shows numerous examples of common scenarios (Eco), which correspond very closely, from the cognitive point of view, to the habits that shape an individual’s everyday life. This essay explains how Beckett subverts these scenarios to show a strangeness behind which familiarity remains visible.

Keyphrases: quotidien, Beckett, everyday life, strangeness, ordinary, lecture, reading
L’observance du traitement psychosocial chez des détenus fédéraux présentant un double diagnostic de schizophrénie et de trouble de la personnalité antisociale

This report concerns the observance of the psychosocial treatment at federal prisoners presenting a double diagnosis of schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder. After a literature’s review, the training course’s place is presented, as well as the methodology, three case studies and, finally, an analysis of these. The observance of the treatment and the problems of mental health here treaties are explained in a descriptive, rather precise and critical way. Further to the analysis of three case studies in a community correctional center (CSC), it seems that the delinquent, schizophrenic and antisocial clientele do not receive completely adapted services to its deficits at the level of the social skills. Also, the staff of the CSC presents certain gaps in front of the intervention recommended with these individuals. In this sense, it is noted that the employees are generally insufficiently available, trained and inclined to really envisage the social rehabilitation of the prisoner such as perceived in this training course. Often, follow-ups being intermittent, the therapeutic alliance has difficulty in settling down. Now only while establishing a reliable relation a profitable clinical work can remain. As a matter of fact, before being released, it would be desirable that these people receive from the support as for the acquisition of the know-how and the social skills necessary for any socialization.

Keyphrases: Observance, Psychosocial treatment, Prisoners, Schizophrenia, Antisocial personality, Social skills, Working alliance, Trust relationship
Détection des événements de "Minimum Bias" et neutrons avec les détecteurs ATLAS-MPX par simulations

A network of sixteen ATLAS-MPX detectors has been put in operation in the ATLAS detector at CERN-LHC. ATLAS-MPX detectors are sensitive to a mixed radiation field of photons and electrons in the ATLAS cavern and are covered with lithium fluoride and polyethylene converters in order to increase the detection sensitivity of thermal neutrons and fast neutrons respectively. High energy collisions are dominated by partonic interactions with small transverse moment pT , associated with "minimum bias" events. In our case, the proton-proton collision occurs with an center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with a fixed luminosity of 10³⁴cm⁻²s⁻¹ in the simulations. We use "minimum bias" events simulation generated by PYTHIA using the framework Athena. Athena’s framework makes a full GEANT4 simulation of the ATLAS detector. We include the positions of each detector in the Athena algorithms for measuring the number of photons, electrons and muons that can reach the detectors ATLAS-MPX. We measure the fluxes of thermal and fast neutrons generated by GCALOR in lithium fluoride and polyethylene regions respectively. The "minimum bias" events results and the flow of thermal and fast neutrons obtained by simulations are compared with real measurements of the ATLAS-MPX detectors.

Keyphrases: ATLAS-MPX, ATLAS-MPX, Minimum bias, Minimum bias, neutrons, neutrons, small transverse moment, Athena, Athena, GEANT4, GEANT4
Histoire, fiction et mémoire dans l’œuvre de Boubacar Boris Diop

This thesis intends to reflect on the writing of Boubacar Boris Diop. The novels of this writer owe much of their originality to the haunting presence of the discourses of history, memory and narratives about the past. Revisiting the narratives of history and memory seems to be the cornerstone of this writing at the crossroads of which are systematically integrated different types of heterogeneous narrative genres of orality such as legends, epics, myths, non-fictional and non-novelistic disciplines such as historiographical discourse. This strategy of constructing fiction translates, beyond a formal and innovative exploration of the possibilities of the novel, an aesthetics of distance and heterogeneity which runs through Boubacar Boris Diop’s literary work. This literary posture is based on the deconstruction of the forms of traditional narrative which are replaced by a very polyphonic narrative enunciation. This literary approach distinguishes the aesthetical work of Boubacar Boris Diop and operates an epistemological rupture in the African literary field, characterized by traditional linear narratives.           Moreover, the use of these discourses of history and memory falls, first and foremost, within the framework of a renewal of literary habits in the African literary field. It also opens this "self-referential phase" (Sob, 2007: 8) of the novel by relating its discourse and its content to modernity. Then, this scriptural approach is built on a particular novelistic style, unfolding in a staged and a permanent parodisation of the functioning and the modalities of fictional writing.           Amid a constant deconstruction of the methods of the novel’s composition, is outlined a literary aesthetics which promotes ambivalence as the main mode of deployment which runs through the novel. This intertextual practice enables the fiction to construct itself by undoing the discourses of the past such as History and memory. In justifying the systematic deconstruction as a device for the fictional elaboration, Diop’s writing creates a dynamics of "suspicion" that underpins his writing.              This study intends to identify and analyze, first and foremost, the integration of the notions of history and memory in the writing process of Diop. Then we will study their configurations and their methods of integration and use in the fiction. In an intertextual framework, we will see how these notions of memory and history are reinvested and reworked through the fiction, and then, we will try to identify the aesthetical and literary motives which govern their use. Such an approach will enable us to apprehend the relevant dimensions of this posture of writing and to see whether there is a poetics of memory through Boubacar Boris Diop’s writing. The different theories of fiction, memory and history will be the theoretical framework through which we will approach this work.

Keyphrases: Francophone, Francophone, Literature, Diop, Fiction, Diop, History, Memory
Le fichage de la délinquance sexuelle : une érosion des principes de justice criminelle et punitive

In this thesis, we examine tracking mechanisms for sex offenders that are based on the idea that the offenders present a real risk of criminal recidivism. Scientific data on sexual delinquency minimises this risk and shows on the contrary that most sex offenders do not reoffend. There is therefore a discrepancy between the premises of the law and the social and human sciences’ findings on the issue. In Canada, there are provincial administrative tracking schemes as well as a federal mechanism integrated in the Criminal Code. We submit that provincial tracking systems bring true penal consequences on sexual offenders, infringe on their constitutional rights protected by s. 7 of the Charter and violate the principles of fundamental justice. We then examine the federal provisions integrated in the Criminal Code and we argue that this mechanism creates a punitive measure amounting to a punishment and a sentence. Consequently, the federal provisions should be developed in order to satisfy constitutional guarantees relating to a punishment, and should satisfy the general principles of sentencing under Part XXIII of the Criminal Code. We conclude that by creating legal sex offenders tracking mechanisms, legislators have removed the most fundamental principles of administrative, criminal and constitutional law. These principles should guide rule makers with regards to this stigma of criminality. Courts have also disqualified this stigma of criminality from being a punishment. The law relating to the tracking of sex offenders gives rise therefore to an erosion of the principles of fundamental justice in regards to criminal and sentencing law.

Keyphrases: LERDS, Risk management, Sentencing, Fundamental justice