NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Facteurs génétiques de prédisposition à la maladie coeliaque et l'oesophagite éosinophilique

Chronic immune diseases including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases affect 20 to 25% of Western country population. The  higher concordance of disease in twins or in first-degree relative of patients with celiac disease (bowel autoimmune disease) or eosinophilic esophagitis (inflammatory disease of the esophagus) indicate that genetic and environmental factors are involved in susceptibility to these diseases. However, these studies do not distinguish clearly genetic predisposition according to clinical heterogeneity (children versus adults) or ethnicity (population stratification). Methods: HLA haplotypes predisposing to celiac disease and polymorphisms of candidate genes IL-13 (R130Q), IL-5 (-746 T / G) and IL-5R (-80A / G) involved in physiopathology of eosinophilic esophagitis, have been evaluated by PCR-SSP on genomic DNA. Results: Our familial and case-control studies performed in populations having a very similar genetic background with a strong founder effect, allowed us: i) to avoid the problem of population stratification, ii) to confirm that HLA genes are also associated with celiac disease  in Quebec (children and adults) as in other Caucasian populations, iii) to identify the role of IL-13 gene in susceptibility to eosinophilic esophagitis (boys and girls) and to exclude IL-5 and IL-5R genes as susceptibility factor in our population. Conclusion: This study confirms for the first time the impact of HLA genes in predisposition to celiac disease and the role of genetic factors in eosinophilic esophagitis in a French Canadian population with a strong founder effect.

Keyphrases: HLA –II, Immune diseases, auto-immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, Celiac disease, HLA-II, Eosinophilic esophagitis
Les fonctions des places publiques montréalaises : convergences ou divergences des usages planifiés?

This master's thesis is part of the practice of lanscape architecture, urban design and urban planning. The research is built around a questioning of the role of professional of these practices in consideration of uses in the process of planning of Montreal's public squares project. A double case study and comparative analysis allows to see how is the transition from programming instead the appropriation of space thanks to the work of the professionals involved in the various phases of the project, including uses and activities not specifically provided but made possible by the nature of the infrastructure development. Places Gérald- Godin (Plateau Mont-Royal's borough) and Simon-Valois (Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve's borough) have been chose because they are located in neighborhoods with residential vocation and their quite recent development. These projects are interesting because they contribute in the upgrading of their respective district and the provision of quality public space. However, the internationalization of cities and the commodification position in a competitive context where urban renewal is an important issue.  Consequently, the main problems that motivates this research is that of the urban renewal, the collective identity and appropriation of public space.

Keyphrases: usager, appropriation, processus de design, place, square, public space, urban design, city planning, city, user
Éléments nécessaires à une recherche évaluative de programmes de formation et de soutien aux préceptrices en sciences infirmières

Preceptorship is an important teaching and learning method within the nursing profession.  Recently, added support to preceptors has been identified as essential to enable them to carry out their role.  In response, preceptor training programs have been developed but have yet to be evaluated.  The goal of this paper is to propose essential elements for evaluative research of nursing preceptor training and support programs.       This proposition, based on Pawson & Tilley’s (1997) realistic evaluation, emerges from a comprehensive literature review and from informal exchanges with a researcher in clinical practice.  This proposition includes contexts, mechanisms and results indicators for guiding evaluative research of preceptor training and support programs.        We believe that identifying expected preceptor competencies will facilitate the evaluation of training programs.  Finally, the literature review contains important preceptor, preceptee, patient and organizational results indicators some of which are to be scientifically validated.

Keyphrases: Preceptor training, Preceptor support, Evaluative research, Evaluation indicators
Recension intégrative des écrits sur la collaboration entre l'infirmière praticienne spécialisée et l'infirmière clinicienne en soins de première ligne

Interprofessional collaboration is an important aspect in improving access to health care to the population. This collaboration, when existed in the first-line health care settings, seemed sometimes difficult to articulate every day. Our integrative literature review is to analyze the written knowledge on NP-RN collaboration and propose an original conceptualization that integrates. The method of integrative literature used is that proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005). This is a structured method to analyze and synthesize written rigorously and to offer an original and integrative conceptualization of the subject under study. This method has five recursive steps: 1) identifying the problem; 2) research written; 3) evaluation of the data; 4) analyzing the data; 5) presentation of results. The analytical method of constant comparative data Strauss and Corbin (1998) that was used, has identified the phenomenon of collaboration between NP-RN and conceptualize the form of key categories. Based on the analysis of the literature reviewed, we propose that, for the NP and RN work is to collectively invest in the cooperative nursing practice frontline. For moving this collective investment, it is to prepare properly before court and following the arrival of the NP by learning, by taming and giving himself time. It also requires that all actors in this collaboration, feel sufficiently supported at the organizational, professional and personal. It is also essential to evaluate in order to improve, and by specifying the expected benefits of collaboration (both for the care team for customers), by regularly re-evaluating and correcting course as needed . To collectively is an inclusive action that assumes that all stakeholders recognize a desire to work together to better meet the health needs of a population. Finally, we discuss the strengths and limitations of our directed work, methodologically and in light of comparable work, and offer recommendations for practice, management, research and education in nursing.

Keyphrases: Collaboration, Interprofessional collaboration, Collaboration, Nurse clinician, Registred nurse, Primary care, Primary health care, Role implementation
Amélioration des propriétés pharmacocinétiques de peptides par différentes alkylations N-terminales

The application of hydrophobic grafts to prolong the biological activity of rapidly metabolized peptides has been explored by modification of the L-peptide of the prostaglandin F2α receptor modulator PDC-31. The all-D peptide PDC-31 has previously been shown to inhibit myometrial contractions and delay labour in various animal models as well as in humans. The L-peptide may have activity; however, proteases, which are abundant in myometrial tissue, may likely degrade the peptide before it is capable of showing activity. Solid-phase peptide synthesis followed by Nterminal modification by reductive aminations with different aldehydes provided linear aliphatic alkyl and PEG-grafted peptide analogs. Alternatively, ortho-nitrobenzensulfonylation of the peptide followed by Mitsunobu alkylation with farnesol and deprotection gave a farnesylated analog. Although the PEG and fanesylated analogs exhibited no activity, certain N-alkyl analogs exhibited inhibitory activity on myometrial contractions, with the most active analog possessing a dodecyl chain. Moreover, the N-dodecyl analog of PDC-31, exhibited lower activity than its L-counterpart in the myometrial contraction assay, and with reduced potency relative to its unmodified structure.

Keyphrases: Lipidation, PEGylation, Farnesylation, Prostaglandin F2α, Preterm labor
Analyse bibliométrique de la contribution des postdoctorants canadiens à l’avancement des connaissances

Canadian postdoc fellows represent an increasingly important group of researchers that faces various problems resulting from deficiencies on the higher education system. Additionally, their contribution to the research system remains largely unknown. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of postdoctoral fellows funded by the Canadian and Quebec granting agencies, whose grant application was submitted between 2004 and 2008 (N = 3,454). The results show that the scientific impact, as well as the number of papers authored by postdocs is equal or higher than the ones of PhD students and of faculty members from Québec. We also observe that postdocs who completed their training in the United States obtain higher productivity and impact indicators. This study is the first of its kind in Canada and helps identify the contribution of postdocs to the advancement of knowledge.

Keyphrases: Canada, Postdoctoral fellows, Bibliometrics, Higher education
L’hypoalbuminémie dans les premières 24 heures de l’admission est associée avec la dysfonction d’organes chez les patients brûlés

Hypoalbuminemia is a common finding in burn patients, but its association with increased morbidity and mortality has not been well established. Objective: We have assessed if hypoalbuminemia in the first 24 hours of admission is associated with organ dysfunction in patients with severe burns. Methods: For a two year period (2008-2009), we reviewed the chart of burn adult patients with a total body surface area ≥ 20% admitted in our unit in the first 24 hours following the burn injury. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to assess hypoalbuminemia as an independent predictor of organ dysfunction. Results: 56 patients were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia in the first 24 hours of admission was an independent predictor of organ dysfunction. Serum albumin concentration ≤ 30 g/L was associated with a two-fold increased in organ dysfunction [SOFA scores at day 0 (p = 0.005), day 1 (p = 0.005) and first week mean values (p = 0.004), but not with mortality (p = 0.061).  Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia is associated with organ dysfunction in burn patients. Unlike unmodifiable predictors such as age, burn surface and inhalation burn, correction of hypoalbuminemia might represent a goal for a future trial in burn patients.

Keyphrases: albumine, Burns, Albumin, hypoalbuminemia, organ dysfunction
Conception d’une application intégrée d’aide à la gestion des connaissances pour une PME de consultants travailleurs du savoir

Satisfactory instrumentation of knowledge management in a constantly evolving consulting industry is a difficult task, for which there is no solution applicable to every environments. Nevertheless, more than 25 years of experience in consultation lead us to believe that it is possible to design a computerized solution that provides significant benefits for knowledge management, if we restrict ourselves to SME of at most 200 consultants and with a favorable enterprise culture. This study aims at presenting the design of such a solution. Its main characteristics are: use of a taxonomy to consistently classify and describe the expertise and their usage; consultants’ characteristics systematically taken into account; strong coupling with demand, resource allocation, recruiting, and retention management; decentralised and participative management; notifications of possible expertise improvements and usages. The design is based on quality criteria established using a description of the type of organisations targeted and hypotheses regarding their way of working and their needs. Those hypotheses are based on a review of literature and on more than 25 years of experience in that kind of environment. It is therefore a “design science”-type research (Hevner 2007 and March and Storey (2008), were heuristic (based on experience) hypotheses complement the body empirical knowledge identified by the review of literature. Our work’s natural continuation would be to implement different parts of the solution to verify to which extent the solution really provides significant benefits.

Keyphrases: Expertise, Consultation, Consultant, Application, Gestion participative, Expertise management, Knowledge management, SME, Knowledge worker, Taxonomy, Participative management
La rotonde des Valois : une lecture warburgienne

The present research aims at broadening the interpretations of the tomb of Henri II and Catherine de’Medici, a piece attributed to both Francesco Primaticcio and Germain Pilon which is located in the Basilica of St Denis in Paris. This monument’s critical fortune has been strongly influenced by a panofskian viewpoint and has favored intellectual approaches, be they historicist or iconographic, which tend to cancel out the “médialité” inherent to what was supposed to be the monument’s original location, the Valois chapel, best known as the « rotonde des Valois ». This study therefore addresses this peculiar problematic by reformulating an approach conducive to developing methodological tools adequate to the sculptural medium. Furthermore, it proposes an interpretation linking the monument to its patron and instigator, Catherine de’Medici. The construction of a funeral chapel was a way to foster her identification to the antique queen Artemisa, as suggested in a book written by the queen’s apothecary, Nicolas Houel. Considering the hostility toward woman in power in France, the fable of Artemisia thus facilitated the regent’s persona construction. This thesis focuses more closely on how the image can translate such an operation. It also draws from recent critical reflections conducted around Aby Warburg, in art history and anthropology, and sets out the interpretation of the image within the scope of its figurability.

Keyphrases: Aby Warburg, Rotonde des Valois, Rotonde des Valois, Figurability
The impact of early intra-articular corticosteroid injections on the outcome of oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Background One of the goals in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis would be to alter the disease course with early therapy. We examined the association between early intra-articular corticosteroid injections and the achievement of an active joint count of zero and inactive disease during the first two years after study enrollment.   Methods We included oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients enrolled into a prospective longitudinal cohort across Canada. Demographic, clinical and treatment-related information were collected. Early intra-articular corticosteroid injections was defined as having received the first injection within 3 months of diagnosis. Generalized estimating equations were used for data analysis.   Results A total of 310 patients were included, of whom 111 (35.8%) received an early injection. Participants who received an early injection had more severe disease at baseline. Patients exposed to early injections had a similar chance to achieve an active joint count of zero, OR 1.52 (95%CI 0.68-3.37), p=0.306 but were significantly less likely to achieve inactive disease, OR 0.35 (95%CI 0.14-0.88), p=0.026.   Interpretation In this cohort of 310 oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients, early intra-articular corticosteroid injections did not result in an increased risk of achieving an active joint count of zero or inactive disease. Methodological issues encountered when estimating treatment effect using observational data might have biased the estimates obtained. Firm conclusion on the inefficacy of early injections in improving outcomes in this population cannot be drawn from this study. Prospective studies addressing the limitations raised will be needed to clarify if early injections can alter the disease course.

Keyphrases: Pronostic, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Oligoarticular, Intra-articular corticosteroid injection, Early therapy, Active joint count of zero, Inactive disease, Outcome
Intervention éducationnelle de massage auprès de parents de nouveau-nés prématurés dans le but de favoriser leur sensibilité parentale

Parental sensitivity is an essential element in the establishment of parent-infant attachment (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978; Bell, 2008). However, this sensitivity seems to be more difficult to develop in neonatology due to parental and preterm infants’ factors (Amankwaa, Pickler, & Boonmee, 2007). According to the scientific literature, parent-delivered massages for preterm infants foster an optimal development of parental sensitivity by helping parents to improve their knowledge on the behavioural signs presented by their newborn (Ferber et al., 2005; Lappin & Kretschmer, 2005). The purpose of this educational intervention, based on Bell’s (2008) model of the parent-child attachment, was to promote parental sensitivity in a neonatal unit through parent-delivered massages for the premature newborn. Parents who received the educational intervention showed an increased knowledge of their preterm infant’s behavioural signs, experienced positive physical contact and interaction with their child, and demonstrated increased participation in routine care.

Keyphrases: Massage, Parents, Educational intervention, Parental sensitivity, Preterm infant, Neonatology
Ramifications génétiques et démographiques de l'effet fondateur québécois

Founding events and range expansions can promote a cascade of genetic changes and may have played an important role in the evolutionary history of modern humans. Yet the evolutionary consequences and demographic dynamics of these colonization processes remain poorly documented and challenging to study in human populations. In this thesis, we used deep-rooted genealogies from the French Canadian founder population in addition to genomic data to address these questions. Genomic and genealogical analyses were remarkably concordant and revealed a new portrait of Quebec fine-scale population structure, including a continuum of genetic diversity in the west/east axis and sub-populations significantly differentiated. The analysis of the founding immigration showed that virtually all French Canadians are admixed. Contrary to the idea of homogeneity of the population, our results demonstrate that the regional settlement histories led to a rapid genetic differentiation and explain some regional signatures of the founder effect. By monitoring evolutionary changes in real genealogies, we show that founding events impact fertility traits and reproductive success. This thesis leads to a better understanding of the genetic heritage of Quebec and provides insights on how peopling of new territories shaped human evolution.

Keyphrases: Human population genetics, Founder effect, French Canadians, Genealogy
Interpretation of the centromere epigenetic mark to maintain genome stability

Centromeres are chromosomal loci that direct kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Unlike genetic features, centromere DNA sequence is not conserved through phylogeny nor is it sufficient for centromere function. Therefore, it is commonly accepted that centromeres are epigenetically defined; a process mediated by the histone H3 variant CENP-A. KNL-2, also called M18BP1, together with its partners Mis18α and Mis18β is essential for newly synthesized CENP-A incorporation at centromeres in C. elegans and in humans. Evidence from the literature suggests KNL-2, having a predicted Myb DNA binding domain, as the most upstream player for CENP-A loading in G1. However, its actual function for CENP-A incorporation at the centromere and its binding partners required for the incorporation of CENP-A remained elusive.   New binding partners of KNL-2 were identified by immunoprecipitation experiments followed by mass spectrometry analysis. MgcRacGAP is one of the 60 hits identified and its role in the newly synthesized CENP-A incorporation pathway, together with the GEF ECT-2 and the small GTPase Cdc42, was confirmed by shRNA depletion. More interestingly, those proteins are required for the stability and the maintenance of incorporated CENP-A at centromeres. These observations lead to the identification of a third step in the CENP-A incorporation pathway important for the centromere identity maintenance over subsequent cell divisions.    To characterize the function of KNL-2 in the newly synthesized CENP-A incorporation pathway, high-resolution microscopy coupled to image quantification shows a rapid recruitment of KNL-2 at the centromere in early G1. Also, the predicted C. elegans KNL-2 Myb (CeMyb) domain structure was solved by NMR. This revealed an expected helix-loop-helix structure; which is the same for human KNL-2 Myb (HsMyb) domain. Those Myb domains bind DNA in vitro, however they do not bind any specific DNA sequence. Surprisingly, specific binding of the Myb domains to human CENP-A-YFP chromatin, compared to H2B-GFP, is observed by using a modified version of SIMPull assay under the TIRF microscope. Therefore, the KNL-2 Myb domain is sufficient to recognize and bind a specific feature generated by the presence of CENP-A nucleosomes at centromeres.   Finally, a centromeric chromatin feature recognized by the Myb domains under the TIRF microscope is proposed. HsMyb and CeMyb domains bind ssDNA, a RNA like structure, in vitro. Moreover, HsMyb and CeMyb domains do not co-localize with CENP-A in HeLa cells, whether with PML body staining, which are nuclear bodies known to contain RNAs. Thereby, by recognizing and binding centromeric transcripts, KNL-2 Myb domains might specify the newly synthesized CENP-A incorporation only at centromere loci.

Keyphrases: CENP-A, MgcRacGAP, KNL-2, TIRF, Centromere, Myb domain, Centromeric chromatin, RNA, NMR, High resolution microscopy