NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Immune potential and differentiation of equine induced pluripotent stem cells (eiPSC)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have the capacity to self renew and differentiate into a myriad of cell types making them potential candidates for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The goal of this thesis was to determine the characteristics of equine iPSC (eiPSC) that can be harnessed for potential use in veterinary regenerative medicine. Trauma to a horse’s limb often leads to the development of a chronic non-healing wound that lacks a keratinocyte cover, vital to healing. Thus, the overall hypothesis of this thesis was that eiPSC might offer a solution for providing wound coverage for such problematic wounds. Prior to considering eiPSC for clinical applications, their immunogenicity must be studied to ensure that the transplanted cells will be accepted and integrate into host tissues. The first objective of this thesis was to determine the immune response to eiPSC. To investigate the immunogenicity of eiPSC, the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by the selected lines was determined, then the cells were used in an intradermal transplantation model developed for this study. While transplantation of allogeneic, undifferentiated eiPSC elicited a moderate cellular response in experimental horses, it did not cause acute rejection. This strategy enabled the selection of weakly immunogenic eiPSC lines for subsequent differentiation into lineages of therapeutic importance. Equine iPSC offer a potential solution to deficient epithelial coverage by providing a keratinocyte graft with the ability to differentiate into other accessory structures of the epidermis. The second objective of this thesis was to develop a protocol for the differentiation of eiPSC into a keratinocyte lineage. The protocol was shown to be highly efficient at inducing the anticipated phenotype within 30 days. Indeed, the eiPSC derived vi keratinocytes (eiPSC-KC) showed both morphologic and functional characteristics of primary equine keratinocytes (PEK). Moreover, the proliferative capacity of eiPSC-KC was superior while the migratory capacity, measured as the ability to epithelialize in vitro wounds, was comparable to that of PEK, suggesting exciting potential for grafting onto in vivo wound models. In conclusion, equine iPSC-derived keratinocytes exhibit features that are promising to the development of a stem cell-based skin construct with the potential to fully regenerate lost or damaged skin in horses. However, since eiPSC do not fully escape immune surveillance despite low MHC expression, strategies to improve engraftment of iPSC derivatives must be pursued.

Keyphrases: equine / horse, Wound healing, Regenerative medicine, Induced pluripotent stem cells, Keratinocytes, Immune response, Transplantation, Grafting
Indices de condition corporelle chez le béluga du Saint-Laurent : utilisation rétrospective de données morphologiques recueillies lors de nécropsies

Evaluation of the body condition of beluga carcasses from the Estuary of the St. Lawrence contributes to the diagnosis of the cause of death by the pathologist. The current method relies on a subjective visual evaluation. Our project aimed at developing an objective tool for the evaluation of body condition. The Scaled Mass Index (M̂ i) is an objective figure since it is obtained from individual masses and lengths. M̂ i has to be calculated with different constants for belugas under and above a length of 290 cm. M̂ i yielded results consistent with visual evaluation. Since weighing belugas can be logistically impossible, we evaluated indices based on several other morphometric measurements. Indices based on girth at the level of the anus and maximal girth for animals under and above 290 cm, respectively, were deemed useful as alternative body condition indices.

Keyphrases: Delphinapterus leucas, Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas, necropsy, body condition, Scaled Mass Index, St. Lawrence Estuary
Le droit à réparation des victimes de violations des droits humains par les entreprises multinationales

While the legal issue of multinational companies (MNCs) liability is subject to a large controversy in the international sphere, the collateral and direct victims of the MNCs’ activities are engaged in a different battle. Indeed, what remedies are available to victims of environmental pollution caused by a mining company, or employees who are victims of human rights violations of labour within a production chain managed by the subcontractors of a very respectable MNC? These are the mains questions of this study which focuses primarily on the implementation of the right to remedy enshrined in the third pillar of the UN Guidelines adopted in 2011. Tracing the foundations of the right to remedy under international law, it highlights the impossibility to prosecute MNCs in international forums due to the international legal irresponsibility resulting from the current status of MNCs. In the absence of extraterritorial legislation and legal harmonization at the regional level, the analysis proposes an in depth discussion of the opportunities and limitations of the implementation of the right to remedy in the main national courts used by victims seeking redress for human rights violations committed by MNCs. If the barriers faced by victims before the American courts have not ceased to grow in recent years, the emergence of due diligence obligation behind the idea of a civil liability of MNCs presented before European judges can provide an adequate basis to establish the framework of a right to compensation by transnational actors at the local level. As the Guidelines also emphasize the involvement of MNCs in the implementation of the right to compensation, the study concludes with the practical case study of the response give by MNCs to the Bangladeshi victims of the 2013 Rana Plaza tragedy that occurred in Dhaka. The analysis allows to conclude that this struggle between MNCs and their victims is similar to the battle between David and Goliath. It is thus imperative to strengthen national judicial mechanisms and ensure that the legal framework for the international responsibility of MNCs finally gets out of the beaten tracks to address the asymmetry between the pursuit of economic interests and the effective protection of human rights.

Keyphrases: Right to remedy, Human rights, Multinational companies, Transnational litigation, Victims
La considération des normes religieuses par le droit : les femmes et le divorce religieux au Canada et aux États-Unis

State legal norms coexist with religious legal norms. For some believers this can cause a real gap between the prescriptions of state law and religious law. Regarding divorce, conciliation between these two normative orders poses many problems. Thus, for women wishing to dissolve their marriage, the recognition of religious norms by the state will have a direct impact on the achievement of their human rights. This study focuses on how these normative orders coexist and analysises the impact of their consideration in regard to divorce in Canadian law and in American law.

Keyphrases: get, talaq, religious freedom, religious norms, internormativity, religious divorce, get, talaq, women, international law, Canadian law, American law, comparative law
La problématique de l'effectivité du droit de l'enfant à la santé et à l'éducation dans les situations de conflit armé interne en Afrique: réflexions à la lumière de la crise en Côte d'Ivoire

With the entry into force of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1990, the international community has formally materialized its commitment to make them, rights to be protected at all times. CRC completes the legal framework established by international humanitarian law (IHL) to protect these rights in conflict and inspire the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. States are thus required to make it a reality, whatever the circumstances. But the legal commitment is faced with internal conflicts that challenge the fundamental rights clearly stated, including the right to health and education and promote the child’s rights violations.   In this thesis, we asked about the possible causes that can explain that the legal commitments are not translated into political reality. This is to verify whether the legal protection device does not in itself the seeds of these violations. Another hypothesis is that the lack of formal recognition of the responsibility of non-state armed groups involved in these conflicts, as regards the rights, could be an element that facilitates violations.   Thus, in the first part, after tracing the history and legal development of the recognition of the rights of the child, we registered in the context of the conflict in Côte d'Ivoire between 2002 and 2011, to show the impact of internal armed on the enjoyment of children's rights to health and education conflicts.   The second part allows us to meet the one hand, the shortcomings of the protection, the gaps in the non formal consideration of non-state armed entities, and make reflections in terms of prospects for improving effectiveness of compliance of the rights during non-international armed conflict, on the other hand.

Keyphrases: Violations, Children's rights, Health, Non-international armed conflict, Accountability, Effectiveness, Africa
L’anxiété sociale à l’adolescence en tant que facteur prédictif de la délinquance chez une population de jeunes québécois

This thesis unites two articles that examine the role of social anxiety on delinquent behaviours during adolescence.  For the first article, we evaluated the role of social anxiety on the emergence of general and relational delinquency behaviours among 191 adolescents.  Participants came from secondary schools in Quebec who participated in the evaluation of the New Approaches New Solutions (NANS), a strategy to prevent students in disadvantaged communities from dropping out of school.  The sample obtained allowed us to identify two groups of adolescents that showed characteristics of general or relational delinquency in order to test the predictive role of social anxiety, self-esteem, loneliness and depression on their delinquency profile.  The results of a linear discriminant analysis showed that, beyond the individual and social factors tested, social anxiety predicts the trajectories of delinquency two years later.  For the second article, we carried out path analyses using structural equations modeling to explain the potential links between social anxiety, depression and loneliness at the beginning of adolescence on general and relational delinquency behaviours.  The results showed that social anxiety and loneliness are important predictors in the development of relational delinquency.  However, depression was not proven to be predictive.  These two studies contribute to research in the field of anxiety by explaining the importance of pursuing work to better identify the role of social anxiety and loneliness among adolescents who engage in acts of relational delinquency.

Keyphrases: adolescence, social anxiety, delinquency, relational delinquency, adolescence
Ressources résidentielles pour adultes avec un trouble mental : développement d'un modèle et d'un instrument de mesure

It is still a challenge to systematically describe housing for adults with severe mental illness and identify attributes that differentiate between facilities. While revisiting housing conceptualization, this research project objective is threefold: (1) identify common and commensurate housing attributes, dimensions and domains; (2) generate a new housing model; (3) develop an environmental instrument to describe housing ranging from 24-hour staffed congregate settings to apartment with no onsite support. Methods: Phase 1: A mixed-methods participatory approach as well as a purposeful sampling strategy designed to gather a mixture of relevant viewpoints were used. Participants were from five regions of Quebec and included multiple stakeholders (e.g. consumers, family members, operators of facilities, managers). As part of a six-step group concept mapping process, participants brainstormed (n = 221), rated (n = 416) and sorted (n = 73) into categories housing attributes. Participants (n = 12) were also involved in the interpretation of the conceptual maps produced using two-dimensional multidimensional scaling (MDS) and hierarchical cluster analysis (total incidents of participation = 722). These maps and the rating data obtained from a subgroup of participants (n = 228) were used to conduct principal components analyses (PCAs) to refine the conceptualization. Phase II: An instrument was designed, used and adjusted. The study design included two focus groups with experts (n = 23) as well as a cross sectional survey with 258 residential facilities. The instrument was administered using audio-taped semi-structured telephone interviews (130 minutes in average). Results: Participants brainstormed 1382 statements (99.5% saturation). The conceptual maps (MDS stress value = 0.2302, 10 iterations) comprised 140 selected statements (housing attributes), 12 dimensions and five preliminary domains. Corroboration and refinement using PCAs retained four domains, 11 components (α = 0.600 to 0.933) and 81 attributes. The domains are: (1) geo-physical environment; (2) milieu atmosphere and functioning; (3) provision of services and support; (4) organizational and managerial practices. Based on Phase I and II results, the environmental instrument comprises 4 domains, 10 dimensions and 83 attributes. It also includes descriptive variables. Conclusion: The instrument was designed with stakeholders’ inputs and based on conceptual, statistical and empirical considerations. It provides a multifaceted facility profile based on multiple levels attributes. It covers several elements of healthcare quality assessment starting from the assumption that there is no ideal setting for all.

Keyphrases: Psychiatrie, Intervention complexe, Approche participative, Psychiatry, Mental illness, Housing, Community-based residential facilities, Human environments, Complex intervention, Concept mapping, Participatory approach, Instrument, Conceptualization
Social Movement Casework and the Law and Organizing Ideal : Toward a modified law and organizing model

In North America, activists and legal scholars long believed progressive lawyers could offer important tactical advantages to social movement organizations. This hopeful attitude changed in the 1970s as a critical stance toward lawyers and litigation emerged. Scholars questioned the efficacy of rights claims over mobilization in promoting systemic change. They argued that litigation was individualizing, and that well-meaning movement lawyers might use their expertise and status in disempowering ways. Early versions of this critique frequently equate legal strategy with courts and lawyers. An inspiring response to the critique developed in the early 2000s with the emergence of the law and organizing model. Prescriptive law and organizing studies offer nuanced arguments in favour of interdisciplinary practice as a defence against individualization and disempowerment, while continuing to attribute both problems to lawyers and litigation. On this model, instead of directing strategy, lawyers cooperate with social workers, organizers, lay practitioners and community members on equal terms to plan movement strategy, fostering empowerment and mobilization in the process. The present thesis critically examines the law and organizing model through one of its prominent tactics: casework in activist organizations. Focusing on social movement casework practice, the thesis considers the founding assumptions of the law and organizing model, recasting individualization and disempowerment as problems recognized by multiple disciplines engaged in casework for systemic change. The thesis argues that a law and organizing model which associates individualization and disempowerment exclusively with the legal profession may inadequately address both issues. The research proposes a modified law and organizing model which emphasizes the legal options available to activists, while contemplating mobilization and empowerment as priorities which cut across disciplines even as they may be dealt with in ways unique to the legal profession.

Keyphrases: Militance, Professions, Law and organizing, Cause lawyering, Social movement, Empowerment, Activism
Jalons pour une théorie pragmatique de l’interprétation du contrat : du temple de la volonté à la pyramide de sens

The thesis focuses on the different aspects of the term interpretation. If its meaning varies from one discipline to another, it also varies from one lawyer to another. Noting the inadequacy of the classical theory based on the distinction between subjective and objective method of interpretation, the thesis proposes a new interpretative theory based on the theories of communication (rhetoric and pragmatic). The pragmatic theory thus developed is then illustrated by the case law of the Court of Appeal of Quebec. This is to demonstrate that there is not an interpretative theory, but many interpretative theories of contract. These theories are characterized by the dominance they grant to arguments of will, logic and effectiveness. In addition, the thesis demonstrates the need to distinguish between the production of the standard (Process followed by the interpreter inaccessible for the audience) and the justification of the standard (arguments employed by the interpreter in order to convince the audience). While there may be balance between these two stages, there may also be a discrepancy between the process followed to arrive at interpretive statement and justification of the latter. This is the case especially when the interpreter argues with the clear words theory wanting a plain text does not need to be interpreted.

Keyphrases: obligations, interpretation, obligations, contract, rhetoric, pragmatism, linguistic
Catholicisme et postmodernité : analyses philosophiques à partir de débats publics québécois

Due to the secularisation, laicité and the growing religious diversity of Quebec society, the place of religion and Catholicism has been questioned. This situation has led to the creation of two commissions: one on the place of religion in school (1999) and the other on Accommodation practices related to cultural differences (2008). These commissions gave a lot of information about the relationship between Quebecers and Catholicism.  This research aims to understand certain aspects of Catholicism in Quebec with a perspective using texts signed "Jacques Derrida". To do so, we will use the works of Groupe de travail sur la religion à l’école, of General Consultation on the Place of Religion in School, and of Consultation Commission on Accommodation Practices Related to Cultural Differences. Our research hypothesis is that generally Quebecers have an ‘archival’ relationship towards Catholicism. Meaning, past perceptions of Catholicism as opposed to present ones condition this relationship. Moreover, these perceptions of Catholicism, that probably developed either just prior to or during the Quiet Revolution in the sixties, would feed the existence of "specters," or "ghosts," that haunt the relationship between Quebecers and everything related to religious and cultural diversity. This would be a fundamental dimension of what we would call the Quebec religious "postmodernity". To illustrate this statement, we will first analyse hundreds of documents deposed to these commissions. The software QDA Miner will help to perform a documentary analysis by identifying key passages related to this research. Then, we will analyse more accurately, the selected passages using philosophical perspectives mainly from Jacques Derrida.

Keyphrases: archive, Derrida, commission Bouchard-Taylor, archive, specter, Derrida, Bouchard-Taylor commission, Commission on Education
Le développement et la mise à l’essai d’une formation sur l’évaluation
et la gestion du risque de violence à l’aide de la grille DASAfr. 
auprès d’intervenants dans le domaine de la psychiatrie légale

The dynamic appraisal of situational aggression (DASAfr.) measuring tool was adopted by the unit staff of a psychiatric institution to help them assess the risk of imminent (within the next 24 hours) aggression by patients. Training has been adapted using the framework in knowledge transfer: Ottawa Model of research use which is a pragmatic conceptual model for knowledge translation (Graham et al., 2008) This report aims to present the steps taken for the adaptation of training with using a framework in knowledge translation. Training activities have been designed according to a competency-based approach (Tardif, 2006). With the support of the institutions nursing services administration team, three clinical videos were designed following a structured learning situations. The scenarios are developed from real situations faced by healthcare providers. These were put into context and an opened integrative lead to a variety of activities. Patient-partners of care have played the role of patients actors. Finally, the validation of the presence of violence indicators of the tool DASAfr. in the learning videos was provided by the invited experts of the Institute. Through this project, it was possible to secure the field of management to nursing training. In addition, this led to initiating opportunities of knowledge dissemination with managers and ultimately eased the adoption of new nursing practices. Lastly, we put forward the role of the nurse who practices in the field of forensic psychiatry through the development of training that aimed to develop the skills and competencies in this specialized field of nursing practice.

Keyphrases: Professional Competence, Nursing Role, Implementation, Assessment tools of violence, knowledge transfer framework
Preuves empiriques des liens entre des indicateurs de performance processuels et les résultats sensibles aux soins infirmiers

Problematic : For several years, nursing performance has been the subject of particular attention around the research fields and for nursing administrators. Performance indicators sensitive to nursing, that compose the analysis systems of nursing performance, have not been the subject of a deep analysis, especially concerning the empirical bases. The objective of this work is to find and analyze the empirical evidence that illustrate cause and effect links be-tween structural elements, process and the results of four process of care indicators: evaluation and care planning, symptoms management, discharge planning and health promotion.    Method : The literature review was conducted with different databases such as CI-NAHL©, EMBASE©, PUBMED©, WEB OF SCIENCES©, COCHRANE database of Sys-tematic Review© and GOOGLE SCHOLAR©. The articles selection has been done accord-ing to the empirical evidence ranking method from the University of Duke (2014).    Results: Following the literature review, 42 synthesis studies relating empirical links between nursing interventions and care process indicators were identified    Conclusion : Empirical links were established between indicators of symptoms control, discharge planning, illness prevention, health promotion and clinical pathways. Some nursing interventions were also linked with these indicators. Recommendations for the use of these indicators were then suggested.    Key words : Performance, nurses, process of care , empirical evidence , quality of care , nursing sensitive indicators.

Keyphrases: Nurse performance, process of care, Empirical evidence, nursing sensitive indicators, quality of care