NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Profils individuels et dynamiques interactionnelles des parents et des enfants à risque d’aliénation parentale dans un contexte d’une rupture conjugale litigieuse

Parental Alienation (PA) is a widespread phenomenon among socio-legal professionals working with conflictual separated families. This phenomenon is rarely studied empirically and its definition and markers remain poorly circumscribed and arouse confusion and controversy. We will attempt to stay away from this controversy by focusing on the phenomenon of Deterioration of the Parent-Child Relationship (DPCR), including PA. This thesis main objective is to expand our understanding of the various factors that interact and set in place a family situation of a DPCR. This work consists of four articles, three of which are empirical.  The first article is a critical review of the literature that identifies various factors, conduct or individual and relational context associated with DPCR. It appears that very few papers have address this phenomenon in a systemic perspective who could bring an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of this multifactorial phenomenon. Several aspects need to be further investigated: individual characteristics, inappropriate behaviors and family dynamics. Finally, resilience factors need to be addressed. Articles 2, 3 and 4 present the results of a qualitative analysis of 17 psychosocial expertise performed on separated families in litigation around the custody and access to children. The second article intends to provide a refined psychoanalytic insight on the personality profiles of the parents and how it contributes distinctively to the family dynamics. Four parental profiles emerged and helped differentiate parents with alienating behaviors from denigrated ones and, those who maintained a relationship with their child or those who did not. Risk and protective factors associated with the personality profile are formulated. The third paper intends to analyse through a psychodynamic lens, the individual characteristics of children with the aim to understand why a child is resistant to a DPCR or is not. Various risk and protective factors of a DPCR associated with the characteristics of the children are provided. The fourth article seeks to model the different contributing or mitigating variables to a DPCR. Three trajectories denoting a DPCR emerged. A systemic model is proposed and incorporates different factors (personal and relational dynamics, family background, socio-legal system, third parties and time) and their specific deployment to each trajectory.

Keyphrases: Conflict separation, deterioration of parent-child relationship, parental alienation, personal dynamics, relational dynamics, systemic model, predisposing factors, protective factors
La loi morale et le sentiment de respect : les deux ressorts de l’action morale chez Kant

This text focuses on the question of the incentive (“Triebfeder“) of moral action in Kant’s philosophy. The interpretation that is supported here is that there isn’t only one incentive of this sort in Kantian morality, as argued by many commentators, but rather two: the moral law and the feeling of respect. The argumentative nerve of this thesis lies in the systematic consideration of aspects of the faculties of the human mind involved in the question of the moral incentive in Kant. Two elements are here particularly important: (i) the two meanings explicitly assigned by Kant to the word “will”, a word which can mean (a) practical reason and (b) the faculty of desire, and (ii) the division of the faculty of desire in (a) (free) power of choice (“Willkür”) and (b) practical reason. More than a dozen interpretations spread over a century are critically analyzed, and two changes of the German manuscript of the “Critique of practical reason” are also proposed, in the chapter “Incentives of the pure practical reason”.

Keyphrases: Kant, Motivation, Respect, Sentiment moral, Philosophy, Incentive, Motivation, Respect, Moral Feeling, Moral Law, Moral action, Freedom
La démocratie à l’heure de l’internet : 
autonomie politique, vie privée et espace public dans un environnement numérique

My goal in this thesis is twofold. First I want to understand the impact the Internet can have on democracy, that is to say, I want to understand what this technology changes to democracy. In order to do this, it is necessary to possess a clear and precise conceptual framework of the meaning of democracy and to ground my analysis in empirical literature. Second, I want to give a normative account of what needs to be done to ensure that the impact of the Internet on democracy will stay positive.  To accomplish these goals, one first needs to have a clear conception of democracy. That is why I will offer, in the first part of my thesis, an understanding of democracy as  political autonomy. I will offer an analysis of this last concept in my first chapter. I will then analyze two of its central elements, namely privacy and public space. In the second part of my thesis, I will offer an analysis that is both precise and empirically grounded of the impact of the internet on these two elements, in order to present an argument that will not simply be a priori and speculative.  It is important to notice that the conclusions that I reach are only of value if the Internet doesn't evolve. It is therefore quite possible that the internet ceases to allow for greater political autonomy as I explain in my second part. It is thus important to carry out the normative part of my project to identify to what extent it might be necessary to do something to ensure the positive impact of the Internet on political autonomy. So, in the last part of my thesis, I show that it is necessary to protect the non-discriminatory Internet architecture, but that it is not necessary to protect its generative ecosystem. I will conclude by showing the importance of providing all the elements of a digital literacy, if we want that all benefit from the opportunities offered by the Internet.

Keyphrases: Internet, Democracy, Political autonomy, Privacy, Public space, Affordance, Net neutrality, Generativity, Digital literacy
Le rôle de la neurotensine dans l’expression de la sensibilisation dopaminergique induite par un traitement continu aux antipsychotiques

Antipsychotic medications improve schizophrenia symptoms, but they can also sensitize the dopamine system over time, consequently leading to impaired treatment efficacy. The mechanisms underlying antipsychotic-evoked dopamine supersensitivity are not known. The neuropeptide neurotensin regulates the dopamine system and can be modulated by antipsychotics, particularly in the nucleus accumbens. In this area, neurotensin has both anti- and pro-dopaminergic effects via an interaction with NTS1 receptors. In the present study, we hypothesized that neurotensin in the nucleus accumbens can modulate the expression of dopamine supersensitivity-evoked by an antipsychotic treatment. We treated rats with the antipsychotic haloperidol administered either intermittently or continuously. Continuous, but not intermittent, haloperidol treatment induces dopamine supersensitivity as shown by an increased locomotor activity induced by amphetamine. Microinjections of neurotensin in the nucleus accumbens diminish amphetamine-induced locomotion in control and intermittently antipsychotic-treated rats. Dopamine supersensitivity-evoked by a continuous antipsychotic treatment is linked to a potential enhancement of the pro-dopaminergic effects of neurotensin. This is not caused by any change in NTS1 receptor levels in the nucleus accumbens. An intermittent treatment did not alter NTS1 receptor levels as well in this area. Also, both continuous and intermittent treatment increased neurotensin transcription in the nucleus accumbens. Thus, only neurotensin altered function correlates with dopamine supersensitivity. In the caudate-putamen, continuous antipsychotic treatment increased neurotensin transcription, whereas intermittent treatment increased NTS1 receptor levels. In summary, neurotensin in the nucleus accumbens can modulate the expression of dopamine supersensitivity-evoked by antipsychotics.

Keyphrases: Locomotion, Amphetamine, Antipsychotic, Caudate-putamen, Dopamine supersensitivity, Neurotensin, NTS1 receptor, Nucleus accumbens, Schizophrenia
Étude d’impact : comparaison et analyse des données anthropométriques et biologiques d’enfants d’âge scolaire au Burkina Faso

The Nutrition-Friendly School Initiative (NFSI) is an initiative developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006 to counter the Double Burden of Malnutrition (DBM). TRANSNUT is a team of researchers from the University of Montreal, and a WHO collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Development. In 2009, it participated in a baseline study in Burkina Faso, which collected anthropometric and biological data from students aged 7 to 14 years. Five years later, in 2014, new anthropometric and laboratory data were collected in the same schools but not from the same students. The aim of this study is to analyze the data collected in 2014 and to compare the results with those from 2009 in order to assess the impact of the initiative. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 12 schools in Ouagadougou the capital of Burkina Faso. Six "intervention" schools and six "control" schools were selected, taking into account the nature of schools (private/public) and their geographical area (urban/suburban). The total sample consisted of 651 schoolchildren (54,7% girls) aged 8-14 years old. Anthropometric and hemoglobin measurements were performed on all children, whereas serum retinol was measured in a random sub-sample of 184 children. Independent t-test and chi square tests were used for comparison of means and proportions. Mean age of the children was 11.4 ± 1.1 years. Rates of anemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were 35.6% and 26.1% respectively. The prevalence of stunting was 6.3% and that of thinness, 7.2%. Among girls, 2.8% were overweight compared to 0.9% of boys (p = 0.036). Fewer students were thin in 2014 (7.2%) compared to 2009 (13.7%), and this difference was significant with p < 0.001. Also, micronutrient deficiencies were less present in schools in 2014 in comparison with 2009 (p = 0.007 for anemia, p = 0.044 for VAD). Our results point to a significant improvement in the nutritional status of school children in Ouagadougou. However, it is not currently possible to assess to what extent NSFI was involved in these changes, nor to attribute these improvements to his initiative only. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess more accurately the growth of the same students who are part of “nutrition-friendly” schools.

Keyphrases: Malnutrition, Burkina Faso, Anthropometry, Micronutrient deficiency, Nutritional status, Schoolaged children, Africa
Martin Heidegger and the problem of transcendence

This thesis takes its starting point from the early Heidegger’s insight that the meaning of being must be sought through an ontological phenomenology, and specifically, through the existential analytic of Dasein and the destruction of the history of ontology, or, as I broadly construe it, the transcendence of Dasein and the transcendence of being. The study of the problem of transcendence is approached phenomenologically, that is to say, with a concern for the lived experience as such and the conditions of possibility of this experience, as well as the close and critical reading of Heidegger’s works. I bring this approach to bear on my investigation of the problem of transcendence in Heidegger’s corpus and to the debate between analytic (especially pragmatist) and continental scholarship within which I situate my study of Heidegger. I present a phenomenology of the problem of transcendence that is also a phenomenology of meaning, possibility and normativity. Taking my lead from continental readers of Heidegger, I argue that the meaning of being can be understood as the problem of transcendence. The history of philosophy must be disrupted, deconstructed, and rethought such that the unthought path of philosophy is released. The way to the other beginning must be sought in transcendence as such – from the null- based call of conscience, to the authentic encounter with death and the disclosure of temporality, from the historical happening of being, and ultimately, to the refusal of being and the withdrawal of the nothing. The event of being is therefore a self-surpassing process from which the transcendence of being – indeed, the end of questions, as Heidegger puts it – is possible.

Keyphrases: Phenomenology, Meaning, Possibility, Temporality, Pragmatism, Freedom
Qu’est-ce que le bien des écosystèmes? Fondements philosophiques des notions de fonction écologique et de santé écosystémique

The goal of this dissertation is to defend the view that ecological wholes, such as biotic communities and ecosystems, have a good of their own, from which an idea of what is good for them can be derived. This aims to respond to the common criticism addressed to the two main holistic approaches to environmental ethics, namely Bryan G. Norton’s pragmatist approach and John Baird Callicott’s ecocentrist approach, which argues that biotic communities and ecosystems have no such good. This dissertation addresses those objections by mobilizing theoretical resources taken from the philosophy of biology and metaethics. In particular, those theoretical resources come from studies about the notions of function and health in the philosophy of biology, from neo-aristotelian accounts of normativity in metaethics, and from discussions in the philosophy of ecology on holism and reductionism, the balance of nature idea, and the concept of ecosystem health. Those resources are mobilized to elaborate some philosophical foundations for the notions of ecological function and ecosystem health, from which an account of the good of ecosystems is derived.

Keyphrases: Ecocentrism, Land ethic, Environmental pragmatism, Well-being, Health, Teleology, Holism, Ecological function, Balance of nature, Ecosystem health
Étude protéomique des partenaires d`interaction de XPA en présence et en absence de dommage à l`ADN

To maintain genome integrity and ensure the continuation of transcription, helix distorting DNA lesions induced by UV and other environmental mutagens are eliminated through a highly-versatile DNA repair pathway: nucleotide excision repair (NER).  Mutations in 11 genes (XPC, XPE, XPB, XPD, XPG, XPA, XPG, TTD-A, CSA, CSB and UVSSA), among the 30 genes directly involved in NER, have been associated with the human genetic disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), cockayne syndrome (CS), trichothiodystrophy (TTD), and UV-sensitive syndrome (UVSS).  Patients of these syndromes display a wide variety of clinical features that range from normal development with extreme predisposition to cancer, to neurodevelopmental defects associated with premature aging abnormalities. The connection between DNA damage and neurodegeneration remains unclear, i.e. cannot be explained by a DNA-repair deficiency alone, implying that various repair factors perform other functions beyond the repair process. XP-A is the second most common form of XP.  XP-A cells have very low levels of NER activity and are sensitive to killing by UV light. It is one of the most severely affected XP groups, with the onset of cutaneous features, skin cancer, ocular features, and severe early onset neurological disease. Therefore we hypothesize that XPA interacts with cellular proteins that regulate its functions either in UV damage repair or in neurological development. To test this, our major aim was to carry out a large-scale proteomics investigation to identify novel interacting partners for XPA in the absence or presence of  genotoxic stress, thus providing clues on the origins of neurodegeneration observed in many XP-A patients. We provide evidence that XPA can interact with MRE11, the key factor in repair of double strand breraks by homologous Recombination. Future experiments will be aimed at determining the impact of the XPA/MRE11 interaction functions in cells.

Keyphrases: Ultra violet, xeroderma pigmentosum group A-complementing protein (XPA), Nucleotide excision repair, xeroderma pigmentosum, Xeroderma pigmentosum group A-complementing protein (XPA)
Invariant discretizations of partial differential equations

An algorithm discretizing partial differential equations (PDEs) while preserving their Lie symmetries is provided. This is made possible by the use of discrete partial derivatives transforming as their continuous counterparts under the action of local Lie groups. In applications, many PDEs are invariant under the action of Lie point symmetries of infinite dimension designated as Lie pseudo-groups. To extend the invariant discretization method to such equations, a discretization of pseudo-groups is proposed. The pseudo-group action discretization transforms the continuous point symmetries into generalized symmetries in the discrete space. Invariant schemes are then created for a number of PDEs. In all cases, numerical tests demonstrate that invariant schemes are better approximations of their continuous equivalents than standard finite differences.

Keyphrases: partial differential equation, Lie pseudo-group, symmetry, invariant scheme, finite difference equation, numerical analysis, moving frame, differential invariant, joint invariant
L'enfant au cinéma : la condition tragique d'une figure traumatique

This study aims to develop the tragic condition that emerge from the child's figure in  cinema – through his traumas, his wounds, or the destruction and loss of childhood – before  which the adult viewer may feel uncomfortable. Children in films can deal with particularly  traumatic circumstances, if not inhuman. Whether children are abandoned or orphaned, raped,  abused, victims of war – including the paradoxical duality that the child-soldier establishes,  from Ivan (in "Ivan’s chilhood", Tarkovski, 1962) to Komona (in "War witch", Kim Nguyen,  2012) – or facing death, various situations can contribute to include childhood in the tragic  register, with the destruction or loss of childhood. A destroyed childhood carries a wound  (trauma) – physical or psychological –, which refers to a default or the human fragility that the  image of the “helpless child” reflects. When a child has to deal with a tragic situation while he  is defenseless and facing his own destruction, his figure becomes one that is traumatic. The  tragic puts the child in a state of “afterwardsness” (après-coup), which refers to a primary and  fundamental trauma, prototype of all traumatic situations. For Sigmund Freud, that primary  trauma arises from the first anguish experienced by the infant because of his helplessness, that  he names "Hilflosigkeit" ("Inhibition, symptôme et angoisse", [1926] 1951, Paris: PUF). For some  psychoanalysts (such as Otto Rank or Jean-Marie Delassus), this trauma sets in at birth, which  represents the first feeling of loss and separation following the ejection in a world that is  unfamiliar and at first impossible, which corresponds to a first dislocation in the meaning that  Benoit Goetz intends in "La dislocation" (2002, Paris: Éditions de la Passion). In movies, the  child who gets thought hardships that can barely be imagined looks at us and emphasizes our  own weaknesses, and it interacts with our own traumatic experiences. This study is supported  by a number of examples of different movies, but with one main film analysis, "Turtles can fly"  by Bahman Ghobadi (2004).

Keyphrases: Trauma, Figure, Child, Tragic, Image
Le corps “mort-vivant” et la ville “détruite” dans le cinéma libanais d’après guerre

My subject is the not the that war we could imagine represented by shelling, fear, panic, escape or refuge but more specifically the material and immaterial traces of war in the city and its inhabitants. This thesis does not therefore address directly the war but its effects, the traces left in the bodies and minds of the citizens of Beirut and on the body of the city that became war memorial. This figure of the war continues to appear in Lebanese cinema by presenting Beirut as a city that witnessed continuous violence. To examine these traces of violence in the body, the city, the relationships and society, a body of three Lebanese films was chosen: Beirut Phantom, directed by Ghassan Salhab in 1999, Around the Pink House, directed by Khalil Joreige and Joana Hadjithomas in 1999 and I want to see, directed by Khalil Joreige and Joana Hadjithomas in 2008. These films do not linger to show the violence of war, but rather to think the war, and that through bodily experience; placing the body in the ruins so that this body lives the ruins, the destruction and the return to the point of departure. The body thinks that war and survives it. Lives are in a pending stage in what I call an "in-between", a space between life and death, and a present torn between a violent past and a non-foreseeable future, a space of suspension intermediary. Several themes found in each of the films will be addressed; memory and oblivion, madness and melancholy of the body and the city, the martyred body and self punishment, the state of survival and suspension and the collective mental state. It will also allow me to name this "in-between" apparent throughout these cinematic works, manifested in the round trips between attachment and detachment between the disappearance and reappearance of the body, between construction and destruction the city and the chthonic space created.

Keyphrases: Body, Death, Survival, Beirut, City, War, Ruins, Memory, Oblivion
Dénombrement dans les empilements apolloniens généralisés et distribution angulaire dans les extensions quadratiques imaginaires

This thesis consists of two main parts. In the first one, we study generalized Apollonian circles and spheres packings. Apollonian packings date back to ancient Greece and, from a number theoretical point of view, are very attractive objects. In this thesis, we will study the set of curvatures (the inverses of the radii) of a generalization of such packings. Under the right conditions, these curvatures are integers. We will show that they satisfy a partial local-global principle, we will count the number of circles of curvatures bounded by some parameter T and we will study the set of prime curvatures. The second part is related to the angular distribution of ideals (or ideal numbers in our case) in imaginary quadratic number fields (which can be seen as the distribution of lattice points on ellipses). We will show that the discrepancy of the set of angles of integral ideal numbers of a given norm is small and we will look at the problem of bounded gaps between prime elements of imaginary quadratic extensions in sectors.

Keyphrases: apollonian packings, local-global principle, angular distribution, bounded gaps, quadratic forms
Méthodes rapides et efficaces pour la résolution numérique d'équations de type Hamilton-Jacobi avec application à la simulation de feux
de forêt

This thesis is divided in three chapters.  The first explains how to use the level-set method in a rigorous way in the context of forest fire simulation when the physical propagation model for firespread is Richards' ellipse model.  The second chapter presents a new semi-implicit scheme with a proof of convergence for the numerical solution of an anisotropic Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation.  The advantage of this scheme is it allows the use of approximative solutions as initial conditions which reduces the computation time.  The third chapter shows how to use the tools introduced in the first two chapters to study the influence of small-scale variations on the wind speed on firespread using the theory of homogenization.

Keyphrases: Hamilton-Jacobi, propagation anisotrope, Partial differential equations, Level-set method, homogenization, semi-implicit scheme, anisotropic firespread, forest fires, Richards' ellipse model