NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Développement du squelette du crinoïde Florometra serratissima et évolution des protéines de la matrice de spicules chez les ambulacraires

While the fossil record of crinoids is widespread and largely known, biomineralization of their larval stages is poorly documented. The first part of the project focuses on the ossicle development of the three larval stages of the feather star Florometra serratissima: doliolaria, cystidean and pentacrinoid. The ossicles of the crinoid showed phenotypic plasticity and asynchronous development. Crinoids form the basal class of living echinoderms; this prompts one to believe that these traits were also characteristic of the ancestral echinoderms and would have played a role in the early radiation and large disparity of the modern echinoderms. For the second study, as patterns of morphology of crinoids and of other echinoderms are numerous and are regulated by specific proteins, we verified the presence of four families of spicule matrix associated proteins (SMAPs) known among sea urchins in transcriptomes of the other echinoderms and deuterostomes. The family of spicule matrix (SMs) proteins and the carbonic anhydrase CARA7LA were absent in any other organism aside from sea urchins, mesenchyme specific proteins (MSP130s) were present in varying numbers in all ambulacrarians suggesting multiple duplications and losses and matrix metalloproteases were numerous in every organisms. The development of ossicles in echinoderms is a topic that has gained popularity in the last decades, especially in sea urchins, and including crinoids in this type of study will inform us about the origin and evolution of the modern echinoderms.

Keyphrases: Transcriptome, Algue coralline, Biomineralization, Feather star, Crinoid, Echinoderm, Ambulacrarian, Transcriptome, Coralline algae
Capital humain et différentiel de revenu chez les artistes canadiens

The essence of human capital theory (Becker, 1964) predicts that investing in activities that aim at strenghtening the productive potential of individuals will result by an increase of their labor income all along their careers (Benjamin, Gunderson and Riddell, 2002 : 245). For the occupational group constituted by artists, the literature agrees nevertheless that investing in human capital stays lucrative but at a lower level than for other occupations (Snooks, 1983; Filer, 1990; Rengers, 2002; Alper and Wassall, 2006).     We expose human capital theory along with compensating wage differentials theory (Smith, 1776) and hedonic theory of wage (Rosen, 1974; Rosen and Thaler, 1975) with two objectives. In an empirical matter, we wish to verify the effect of human capital on the self-employment income of canadiens artists. On the other hand, we are looking to evaluate the nature and size of the wage differential between artists and the other occupations, along with investigate on what grounds this one lies. This project fills an important void in canadian literature dedicated to culture, as no studies have been interested in identifying the actual determinants of artists’ labor income, even though it gives an important input about what factors are the most in demand on the cultural labor market.    We use a multivariated regression analysis on human capital variables by using canadian census data of 2006. More precisely, we tend to measure the associative effect between self-employment income expressed by the logarithm of artists’ weekly income and the following variables : the highest diploma, certificate or degree obtained, the sex, the experience on the labor market, the marital status, the occupation/artistic specialty (using the CNPS-2006) the status of immigrant, the status of visible minority, the zone of residence and the primary household provider.    The results show that education is generally associated with a higher labor income for artists, but that particular education profiles depending on the artistic specialty will generate even higher income. The yield of experience on labor income is less important for artists than for the other occupations, along with the fact that it is less profitable for performative artists for whom careers end earlier. Concerning the effect of sociodemographics on self-employment income, we find that being a male is associated with higher income but to a lower level than for other occupations. On a similar note, the effects of immigrant and visible minority statutes are less penalizing on artists’ labor income than for other occupations’ labor income. This suggests that cultural labor market is less discriminating than the traditional labor market.

Keyphrases: capital, canadiens, human, earnings, differential, canadian, artists
Lien entre l'activité pariéto-occipitale enregistrée pendant une tâche de mémoire à court terme visuelle et les habiletés mathématiques : une étude en magnétoencéphalographie

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is a memory system that permits the temporary retention of visual information. Short-term memory capacity can be defined by the amount of information that an individual can remember over a short period of time and is limited to about four items. It was shown that VSTM capacity and mathematical abilities are closely related.  VSTM is useful for a lot of components linked to mathematical skills like word problem solving, mental visualisation and arithmetic. Moreover, VSTM and mathematical reasoning activate similar brain regions, mainly within the parietal cortex. The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) appears to be particularly important both in the realization of VSTM tasks and mathematical reasoning tasks. We created a VSTM task which 15 healthy adult participants completed while we recorded their brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). We were mainly interested in the SPCM component. A neuropsychological assessment was also administrated to the participants. We wanted to verify the hypothesis stipulating that cerebral activity recorded at parieto-occipital sensors during the VSTM task should be linked to performance in mathematics. The results indicate that parieto-occipital activity during the VSTM tasks predicted mathematical abilities as well as performance on a perceptive reasoning task. These results confirmed the link existing between mathematical abilities and VSTM functioning.

Keyphrases: visual short-term memory, short-term memory capacity, magnetoencephalography, event-related magnetic fields, mathematical abilities, visual attention, processing speed
L’adoption du projet de loi n°21 et les effets sur la psychothérapie au Québec : une étude descriptive

Since its first appearance in Quebec universities in 1872, the field of psychology in the province of Quebec has not stopped evolving. While there were previously no laws regulating both the practice of psychotherapy and the use of the title of Psychotherapist, the government of Quebec introduced a new law in 2009: Bill 21. The present thesis draws a historical portrait of the field of psychology in the province of Quebec as well as the history of l’Ordre des psychologues du Québec placing a particular focus on the legal changes affecting the practice of psychotherapy as well as the use of reserved titles. The Ordre des psychologues du Québec’s databases were used to paint a picture of psychotherapy in Quebec two years after the adoption of the Law 28 (better known as Bill 21). Out of the three databases that were used, two of them consisted of forms filled out by Psychologists and Psychotherapists. Of the 8509 Psychologists, 870 Psychotherapists, and 524 cases of illegal practice (consisting of the illegal use of professional titles and/or the illegal practice of psychotherapy) included in this study, statistically significant differences were found in terms of sex, age and language. However, the size effect was small, suggesting that the differences were of limited clinical significance.  Significant differences were observed in terms of education and the practice of psychotherapy. Because the provisions of the Loi modifiant le Code des professions et d’autres dispositions législatives dans le domaine de la santé mentale et des relations humaines have only been in effect for two years, it will be interesting to follow the evolution of psychotherapy as well as the illegal practice of psychotherapy in Quebec in the upcoming years.

Keyphrases: Bill 21, Bill 28, Psychology, Psychotherapy, Unlawful practice, Misappropriation of tilte
La relation entre le désengagement scolaire comportemental et la détérioration du rendement : le rôle modérateur de l’implication parentale

The goal of this study was to examine to what extent parental involvement in the schooling of their child moderates the association between student’s school disengagement and subsequent decline in academic achievement during the first years of high school. The sample was composed of 380 students in grades 7 and 9 in the Montreal area. In this longitudinal study, academic achievement was evaluated in grades 7 and 9. Behavioral disengagement and parental support for academic activities were evaluated in grade 7. Results show that parental support related to academic activities moderate the association between behavioral disengagement and later school performance, but only among students who initially had high academic achievement in grade 7. However, the results do not confirm the protective role of parental involvement among students who had lower academic achievement in grade 7.

Keyphrases: Behavioral school engagement, Academic achievement, Parental involvement
Stabilité de la relation d'activation père-enfant entre 12-18 mois et 3-5 ans et les facteurs associés à l'instabilité

Father-child activation relationship at 12-18 months and 3-5 years, and factors related to stability or instability were examined in 39 father-child dyads. Activation relationship was assessed using the Risky Situation when the child was between 12 and 18 months old and when he/she was between 3 and 5 years old. The Openness to The World Questionnaire and the Life Event Questionnaire were used to assess the factors that could be related to instability. Results show that the father-child activation relationship has poor stability (46 %) and no factor was found to be related to stability or instability.

Keyphrases: attachement, fathering, activation relationship, risky situation, father-child interaction, attachment
Effet de la participation au projet TRANSITION sur l’engagement et le rendement scolaires des jeunes ayant un TDAH à la fin de la première année du secondaire

ADHD is a chronic disorder that persists into adulthood in most cases. Students with ADHD are at greater risk of academic underachievement and school dropout, compared to their peers. They also have organizational deficits, such as difficulty to plan and complete their homework. Without appropriate intervention, these students are at risk of significant problems in high school.  This study aims to evaluate the effect of a multidimensional intervention, the TRANSITION Project, on ADHD students’ school involvement and academic achievement. The sample consisted of 47 families, randomly assigned to either TRANSITION Project or a community services control group. At the end of Grade 7, groups did not differ on cognitive, affective or behavioral measures of school involvement. At the end of Grade 7, academic achievement did not distinguish the groups in terms of school grades, difficulties in reading or mathematics as reported by the students or the parents, and academic achievement relative to other students in their class as reported by the students. Parents of students in the TRANSITION Project reported a better academic achievement of their child relative to other students in their class.

Keyphrases: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, School transition, High school, Multidimensional intervention, Organizational skills, School involvement, Academic achievement
Les comportements d’hyperactivité/impulsivité et l’engagement scolaire des élèves du primaire : le rôle médiateur de la relation conflictuelle avec l’enseignant

Numerous studies have shown that hyperactive-impulsive behaviors are associated with poor engagement among elementary school students. Yet, very few studies have tried to explain this association. The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of teacher-student conflicts on the relationship between hyperactivity-impulsivity and behavioral engagement among 533 3rd to 6th grade students. The first three objectives are to examine whether hyperactivity-impulsivity is negatively associated with behavioral engagement, if hyperactivity-impulsivity is positively associated with teacher-student conflicts, and if teacher-student conflict is negatively associated with engagement. The fourth objective is to determine the potential mediating effect of teacher-student conflict on the relationship between hyperactivity-impulsivity and student behavioral engagement. Our results demonstrated that teacher-student conflicts partly explain the relationship between hyperactive-impulsive behaviors and student engagement. These results imply that children who move a lot, who do not remain in place, and who constantly interrupt others present more conflicts with teachers which undermine their engagement and participation in classroom work and school. Since the results indicates a partial mediation, it appears that other mechanisms needs to be explored in order to explain the negative association between hyperactive-impulsive behaviors and student engagement.

Keyphrases: Teacher-student conflicts relationship, Engagement, Hyperactivity-impulsivity behaviors, Mediation effect
Énergie des vortex dans un modèle abélien de Higgs en 2+1 dimensions avec un potentiel d’ordre six

I will consider a generalization of the Abelian Higgs model in 2+1 dimensions. The model describes a scalar field interacting with a U(1) gauge field and gives rise to vortex solutions carrying magnetic flux. In 3+1 dimensions, the vortex becomes a one-dimensional topological defect which appears in condensed matter physics as a vortex line in type-II superconductors. For a strong magnetic flux (large winding number), the vortex presents a thin-wall profile, which gives rise to certain simplifications in the analysis. I will present how the energy of the static configuration depends on the parameters of the model and in particular on the winding number of the vortex. For the usual choice of potential (quartic, called « BPS »), the relation between the masses of the two fields will lead to a type-I or a type-II vortex, as the energy dependence on the winding number show that vortices attract or repel each other respectively. The potential chosen here is a sixth-order polynomial (« non-BPS ») such that the core of the vortex is the true vacuum (absolute minimum) while the field at infinity goes to the false vacuum (local minimum of the potential). Their decay rate into an instable classical configura- tion with growing radius has already been estimated by a semi-classical approximation to show their impact on the stability of the false vacuum. The classical existence of vortex solutions will be shown numerically. My contribution to this work is a scan of the parameters of the model revealing the energetic behavior of the vortices. This behavior will be different from the « BPS » case : the masses ratio will not describe correctly the numerical calculation of the energy.

Keyphrases: Vortex, Soliton, Topological defects, Abelian Higgs model, Spontaneously broken symmetry, Vortex
L’analogie juridique dans la Critique de la raison pure

A legal analogy runs through the Critique of Pure Reason, and studying it can shed light on the work. The metaphor of the “tribunal of reason”, first introduced in the Preface, will thus be the starting-point for our analysis. Due to its very nature, this tribunal must be based upon reason’s in-depth self-knowledge – a task to be accomplished over the course of the Critique. The special part played in this regard by the book’s three deductions will be thoroughly examined. In addition, we will see that a deduction itself has more to do with a legally inspired procedure than with an inference, while it nevertheless remains a legitimate philosophical proof. Kant’s frequent legal allusions throughout the text will therefore constitute the basis for our interpretation.

Keyphrases: Kant, critique, quid juris, tribunal, legal metaphor, self-knowledge, deduction
Nationalisme et modernité : l'approche mentaliste de Liah Greenfeld

This thesis aims to characterize the modernist conception of nationalism in the work of the American sociologist Liah Greenfeld. This author makes a significant multidisciplinary contribution to the literature on nationalism that explores three main areas : philosophy, history and psychology. I synthesize her work focussing on the philosophical dimension of her thinking. I define her "mentalist" and empiricist approach inspired by Max Weber and distinguish it from other canonical philosophical approaches (idealism, realism, structuralism, etc.). I then explain how Greenfeld's conceptions of nation and nationalism are built on this approach, showing that, according to her, nationalism is the fundamental element at the basis of modernity. I analyze the different types of nationalism she introduces, stressing the importance she attaches to the economic component of nationalism. I also raise philosophical issues that lie at the heart of the historicist and psychologising description that has led her to analyze the emergence, deployment and perpetuation of nationalism in the world through different nations (mainly examining England, France, Russia, United States and Germany). I conclude by raising some criticisms on Greenfeld's work.

Keyphrases: Liah Greenfeld, Nation, Karl Marx, Max Weber, Nationalism, Modernism, Mentalism, Individualism, Collectivism, Empirism
Partitions spectrales optimales pour les problèmes aux valeurs propres de Dirichlet et de Neumann

There exist many ways to  study the spectrum of the Laplace operator. This master thesis focuses on optimal spectral partitions of planar domains. More specifically, when imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions, we try to find partitions that achieve the infimum (over all the partitions of a given number of components) of the maximum of the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian in all the subdomains. This question has been actively studied in recent years by B. Helffer, T. Hoffmann-Ostenhof, S. Terracini and their collaborators, who obtained a number of important analytic and numerical results.  In the present thesis we propose a similar problem, but for the Neumann boundary conditions. In this case, we are looking for spectral maximal, rather than minimal, partitions. More precisely, we attempt to find the maximum over all possible $k$-partitions of the minimum of the first non-zero Neumann eigenvalue of each component. This question appears to be more difficult than the one for the Dirichlet conditions, since many properties of Dirichlet eigenvalues, such as domain monotonicity, no longer hold in the Neumann case. Nevertheless, some results are obtained for 2-partitions of symmetric domains, and specific partitions are found analytically for rectangular domains. In addition, some general properties of optimal spectral partitions and open problems are also discussed.

Keyphrases: Partition spectrale optimale, Spectral geometry, Laplace spectrum, Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, Optimal spectral partition, Eigenvalue multiplicity
Étude du maximum et des hauts points de la marche aléatoire branchante inhomogène et du champ libre gaussien inhomogène

This thesis studies the behavior of the maximum and high points of the branching random walk and the Gaussian free field when the variance of their increments is time-inhomogeneous. We look at the case where there are a finite number of scales $0 = \lambda_0 < \lambda_1 < ... < \lambda_M = 1$ and variance parameters $\sigma_i > 0$ associated with the time intervals $[\lambda_{i-1},\lambda_i]$. The inhomogeneous branching random walk generalizes the model considered in [23] and the inhomogeneous Gaussian free field generalizes the model introduced in [4]. The purpose of the thesis is to extend known results on the convergence of the maximum [5,6,23] and the number of high points [16] to these new Gaussian fields. The results help to better understand how perturbations of the correlations in one or the other basic models influence the order of magnitude of the maximum and the order of the number of high points.

Keyphrases: Gaussian fields, Branching random walk, Gaussian free field, Extreme values, Law of large numbers
Dénombrement des polynômes irréductibles unitaires dans les corps finis avec différentes contraintes sur les coefficients

The objective of this thesis is to count the monic irreducible polynomial over finite field with some conditions related to coefficient. First, we will determine the trace of the polynomial. Thereafter, we will elect the cotrace when the trace is already fixed to zero. Finally, we will discuss the case where the trace and the constant term are fixed at the same time

Keyphrases: Trace, Cotrace, Irreducible polynomial, Finite field, Counting
Évaluation du régulateur sur une courbe modulaire et valeurs particulières

Bloch and Beilinson conjectured many relations regarding the regulator of a modular curve. This function from the algebraic K-theory of the modular curve is supposed to be related to special values of L functions. Let N be a positive integer et consider the congruence subgroup $\Gamma_0(N)$. This thesis relates explicitly the regulator of the modular curve $X_0(N)$ applied to some newform with a special value of the newform's L function.

Keyphrases: L function, Special values, Modular form, Regulator, Beilinson conjectures, Conjectures de Beilinson