NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Étude exploratoire des profils motivationnels de jeunes adultes violents au sein de leur couple

Young adults exhibit violent behavior within their relationships more frequently than do older adults. The goal of this study, using motivational variables, is to propose a classification of young adults who perpetrate relationship violence and assess the discriminant validity of profiles in terms of variables linked to psychological and physical aggression and compare the motivational profiles to those of non-violent young adults. The 457 participants in this study are young adults from the general population in the Quebec City and Montreal areas. Classification based on a two-step cluster analysis resulted in three distinct profiles: (1) reactive, (2) common and (3) hostile. Comparative analyses suggest that those with a reactive profile engage in the greatest number of different acts of aggression, those with a common profile are the least violent, the least distressed and perceive the impact of their violence less negatively, whereas those with a hostile profile are the most violent, they experience the greatest distress and perceive the impact of their aggression most negatively. Non-violent individuals are significantly less distressed and consume less alcohol than all those with violent profiles. Findings will lead to a better understanding of violent individuals as well as improve detection of individuals who are most likely to resort to relationship violence and prevent this by raising awareness of the characteristics of violent individuals.

Keyphrases: Motivations, Relationship violence, Typology, Motivations, Psychological violence, Physical violence
Exploration d’un média :
la radio CISM 89,3 FM vue par ses artisans

Abstract This essay aims to improve the reflection about the conception of an alternative media trough the analysis of a so-called alternative media, CISM 89,3 FM, the college radio of the Université de Montréal. After a literature review, the author proposes interrogations and explores ways of analyzing alternative medias. From a field research, based on interviews with actors engaged in CISM, this work sheds light on some elements that were not much discussed in the literature. The author shows the importance of this alternative status for the workers of CISM, and the complexity of this status and the stakes of it. This work also shows, trough the words of the interviewed people, the difficulty and the tensions that alternative medias worker have to deal with daily, in order to enact an alternative status. Through these negotiations, tensions, CISM is defining itself in regard to what is or should be an alternative media. It is these constant tensions that make CISM evolve.

Keyphrases: Alternative media, College radio, Field research, Interviews
La rhétorique présidentielle en temps de crise et l’essor de la nation : la présidence de Nicolas Sarkozy à l’Union européenne

This thesis studies the impact of presidential communication on the rapid development of a nation. More precisely, this study explores the rhetorical practices in which Nicolas Sarkozy, by being the President of European union from July 1st to December 31th, has attempted to revive the interest of the French population on European development. Firstly, we examine the particular politic context that precedes the nomination of Nicolas Sarkozy in July 2008 and the two main international crisis which has punctuated his presidency. Then, we explore how scientific literature on the presidential rhetoric in time of crisis can contribute to understand the impact of his speeches on the French audience who is disillusioned about the European politic questions. After selecting and justifying the choice of five presidential speeches of our corpus, we introduce our analysis method based on the rhetorical approach of the “Close textual analysis”. Following this, we present our analyses which highlight the main rhetorical process existing in the five speeches. To conclude, we examine how these different rhetorical processes contribute to establish the rapid development of a European community.

Keyphrases: communication, Nicolas Sarkozy, European Union, politics, communication, rhetorical analysis, presidential speeches, nation building, Nicolas Sarkozy
Identification des pratiques, défis et solutions rencontrés dans l’évaluation de protocoles de recherche en neuroimagerie

Over the past years, advances in neuroimaging have allowed for a better understanding of neurologic and psychiatric disorders and yielded insights into behavior, emotion, personality, and cognition as well as allowed for a deeper understanding of neurodegenerative diseases. In light of the uses of these new imaging technologies, several ethical issues have emerged. The perspectives of researchers on current ethics review of neuroimaging protocols and ethical, legal and social issues present in neuroimaging have not been investigated, even though they are key stakeholders.   We undertook an empirical study of researcher perspectives regarding the REB review process to examine ethical, legal and social issues associated with the practice of neuroimaging in Canada. We conveyed an online questionnaire survey and conducted semi-structured interviews with neuroimaging researchers and REB chairs. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the NVivo qualitative analysis software.  Our results put into perspective emerging ethical, social and legal issues which are important challenges to address in the field of neuroimaging as well as practical challenges in the REB process. Our data also contain recommendations, coming from the neuroimagers themselves, in order to improve the evaluation process. Finally, our experience conducting this research has allowed us to confirm the challenges and stakeholders faced by neuroimagers.

Keyphrases: Neuroimaging, Research Ethics Board (REB), Neuroethics, Research Ethics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)
Réintroduire la multifonctionnalité des paysages en zone d’intensification agricole : contribution des approches intégrées en écologie du paysage

Since the advent of productivist agriculture, the landscapes in areas of intensive agriculture of industrialized countries have been affected by a drastic reduction in their diversity and the degradation of their environmental, recreational and aesthetic functions. At a time when the quality of landscapes is a key factor in the vitality of rural communities, it is becoming urgent to develop management strategies designed to reintroduce the multifunctional nature of these landscapes. Within this context, this thesis proposes to address the landscape management issues of areas of intensive agriculture under the perspective of dialectic approaches in landscape studies originating from Holistic Landscape Ecology. By developing a conceptual model of landscape trajectories, based on integrated landscape methods, it establishes a double interpretation of the physical-spatial and the social-cultural dynamics of the landscapes in areas of intensive agriculture in order to assess the degree of divergence between the two. To achieve this, an agricultural watershed of southern Québec was used as a case study. Sometimes using landscape ecology, sometimes using landscape sociology, the results of this thesis underline the strong influence of political forces in the shaping of these landscapes. However, they also reveal the important role of the landscape values of farmers in altering these forces. Moreover, the study of the social-cultural dynamics reveals that a diversity of landscape valuations, and of practices affecting landscapes, coexist within local populations, thus shedding new light on the usual image of uniformity of these landscapes. The maintenance and increase of this diversity appears likely to contribute significantly to the reintroduction of the multifunctional character of landscapes within areas of intensive agriculture. Concrete management recommendations conclude this thesis.

Keyphrases: Agriculture intensive, Québec, Canada, Holistic landscape ecology, Landscape dialectic approach, Integrated landscape study, Landscape change, Relationship with landscape, Intensive agricultural area, Multifunctional landscape
La promotion sur Internet : analyse d’un discours sous l’angle du mythe. Le cas de labels indépendants de rap au Québec

At a time when the music recording industry is going through some shake ups, Internet is seen both as a responsible for a disc crisis and as a plateform for diffusion and promotion of recorded music. This cultural industries' mutations context is now revealing multiple promotion opportunities for independant labels, as part of the music industries. This can be seen through websites which I consider to be a broadcasted, encoded and decoded discourse. This master thesis explore two independant record companys’ websites, both producing rap music in Québec, with the proposal of the presence of the myth in the promotionnal discourse. Based on Barthes' theory, my analysis is built around the study of the signification in order to outline the way the myth works in the discourse. While focusing on images and text, I mainly emphasize the treatment of the artist, the musical creation and the record label in the discourse.

Keyphrases: Promotion, Rap, Discours, Promotion, Myth, Website, Independant record company, Music, Discourse, Artist
Investigation des circuits neuronaux de la lecture à l’aide de la spectroscopie près du spectre de l’infrarouge

For most people, reading is a smooth, automatic activity that is part of their everyday life. For individuals suffering from reflex reading epilepsy, this simple activity triggers seizures and these individuals have no other alternatives than to stop reading. The factors responsible for triggering epileptic activity in reflex reading epilepsy remain unspecified. Some authors suggest that the number and the localization of spikes would vary according to the reading pathway. Cerebral imaging studies conducted in populations without neurological disorders have revealed that reading involves an extensive cerebral network including the frontal, temporo-parietal and occipito-temporal regions bilaterally, with differences in activation patterns for the lexical and the phonological reading pathways. Most studies have resorted to silent reading tasks that do not allow researchers to assess the performance of the participants. In the first study in this dissertation, we determined the language tasks and characteristics of the stimuli that influenced epileptic activity in a patient with primary reading epilepsy. The results confirmed that reading was the language task responsible for triggering most of the epileptic activity in this patient. More specifically, spike frequency was significantly higher when the patient read the stimuli by resorting to the grapheme-to-phoneme conversion mechanisms. The electroencephalography (EEG) recordings revealed that spikes were located in the left precentral gyrus for both reading pathways. The second study aimed at developing and validating a protocol using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to investigate the neural correlates of reading aloud in competent readers. Twelve adults without reading impairments or neurological disorders read aloud irregular words and nonwords during NIRS recordings. The results showed that irregular word and nonword reading involved common bilateral cerebral regions that included the inferior frontal gyrus, the premotor and motor gyri, the somatosensory supplementary cortex, the middle and superior temporal gyri, the supramarginal gyrus, the angular gyrus, and the visual cortex. The total hemoglobin concentrations (HbT) measured in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri were higher when participants read nonwords than when they read irregular words. This finding indicates that the inferior frontal gyri play a role in the grapheme-to-phoneme conversion mechanism, mostly involved in the phonological reading pathway. This study confirms the potential of NIRS in investigating the neural correlates of the two reading pathways. A significant outcome of this dissertation is that NIRS constitutes an excellent technique in studying reading aloud. Further NIRS investigations in reading should help determine the neural correlates of reading in children and adults with developmental and acquired dyslexia.

Keyphrases: Near-infrared spectroscopy, Electroencephalography, Reading aloud, Reading epilepsy, Lexical reading, Phonological reading, Irregular words, Non-words, Neural correlates
Vers des aménagements multifonctionnels en zone d'intensification agricole : portée et
limites des politiques et pratiques québécoises

Territories of intensive agriculture present environmental and social concerns which challenge their ability to provide a living space quality. To address this issue, a range of agri-environment schemes and planning measures (laws, programs, etc.) are used by planning and development professionals in Quebec. This research evaluates the potential of these tools to simultaneously address the different functions of territories, hence promoting their multifunctional character. To this end, hypothetic implementation of multifunctional scenarios resulting from anterior research has been used as a test. The first step of the present research analysed these tools and formulated several hypotheses concerning elements impeding scenarios’ implementation. The second step compared these hypotheses to the opinions and practices of planning and development professionals who participated in focus groups at the supra-local scale (regional county municipality). Results show the potential of landscape planning projects conceived at the territory scale, particularly those projects which bring together agricultural producers. However, focus groups reveal that factors impeding the scenarios’ implementation not only include the characteristics of the tools used, but also the reticence of professionals to consider territorial functions pertaining to the quality of living space as a relevant issue of their responsibility in industrial agriculture zones. Also, it seems that multifunctional scenarios resulting from academic research would be significantly more useful if professionals participated in their creation.

Keyphrases: Canada, Multifunctionality, Scenarios, Land use planning, Planning tools, Intensive agricultural area, Landscape planning, Quebec, Canada
Effet de l’espèce de plante en marais filtrants artificiels selon la saison, le type de marais filtrant et la nature des polluants

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are commonly used to treat municipal wastewater, but they can also handle a wide range of effluents by using different types of CWs and under a variety of climatic conditions. Plants play a central role in CWs, but it is still unknown if the presence of plants or the choice of the species have the same influence under different conditions. In this study, I evaluated the influence of the presence and the species of plants under two very different conditions: 1) treatment of hydroponic wastewater by a horizontal flow CW in winter conditions, 2) sludge treatment by a vertical flow CW in summer conditions.

Keyphrases: Évapotranspiration, Constructed wetlands, Sludge treatment wetland, Wastewater treatment, Hydroponics wastewater, Fish farm sludge, Influence of plant species, Evapotranspiration, Invasive species
Vitamine K et fonctions cognitives chez la personne âgée en santé : une approche épidémiologique nutritionnelle

There is an increasing interest in the potential roles of vitamin K in human health aside from the one well established in blood clotting. Notably, a growing number of experimental studies show that vitamin K has biological functions in the central nervous system, particularly in the synthesis of sphingolipids, the activation of the vitamin K-dependent protein Gas6, and the prevention of oxidative damage. However, it remains uncertain whether the disruption of these functions can lead to cognitive deficits. The main objective of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that vitamin K status is a determinant of cognitive performance in healthy older adults. In order to achieve this goal, a better understanding of vitamin K status indicators was needed. Accordingly, three studies are presented each aiming at a specific objective: 1) estimate the number of non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls needed to assess usual vitamin K intake; 2) determine whether a single measurement of serum vitamin K concentration is an adequate indicator of long-term vitamin K exposure; and 3) examine the association between vitamin K status and cognitive performance in healthy older adults from the Québec NuAge Study. Three cognitive domains were assessed namely verbal and non-verbal episodic memory, executive functions, and speed of processing. This thesis presents the first study providing support for a role of vitamin K in cognition in older adults. Specifically, serum vitamin K concentration was positively associated with performance in verbal episodic memory, particularly in the consolidation process of the memory trace. Consistent with rodent studies and the action of the protein Gas6 in the hippocampus, a specific role of vitamin K in memory consolidation is biologically plausible. No significant association was observed with executive functions and speed of processing. Additionally, it was established that a single measurement of serum vitamin K concentration is adequate for assessing long-term vitamin K exposure in healthy older adults. Similarly, it was determined that six to 13 24-hour dietary recalls are needed to accurately assess usual vitamin K intake. Collectively, both studies provide valuable information to researchers for better interpretation of existing studies and planning future ones. Results from this thesis constitute an important step in the understanding of the potential role of vitamin K in the central nervous system, emphasizing the need to consider this micronutrient as a nutritional factor of cognitive aging, especially among those treated with vitamin K antagonists.

Keyphrases: phylloquinone, cognition, vitamin K
Les relations entre les compétences des professionnels en ressources humaines, les caractéristiques des clients et leur satisfaction par l’approche des constituantes multiples

This empirical study conducted in to the consulting engineering has two primary objectives: (1) the validation of relationships between certain characteristics of clients of human resources and their level of satisfaction with these services and (2) the study of relations between the competencies of HR professionals and the level of customer satisfaction. We selected a theoretical framework that consists mainly of the multiple constituencies approach.  Our analytical model assumes that the satisfaction of the clients of a service of human resources department is influenced by eleven factors. Five of these factors reflect the characteristics of clients; 1-commitment, 2-age, 3-sex, 4-seniority and 5-the frequency of contact. The other six factors represent the skills of HR professionals; 1-operational executor, 2-business ally, 3-culture and change steward, 4-strategy architect, 5-talent manager and 6- credible activist. For purposes of our research, we use a quantitative and qualitative approach.  The results of bivariate analysis refute our hypotheses. However, seniority and age of the customers seem to have a negative relationship with customer satisfaction. As for the analysis containing interviews conducted with HR professionals in an organization, it highlights the links between satisfaction and five skills, which are the operational executor, business ally, culture and change steward, talent manager and credible activist. Thus, five proposals are supported.

Keyphrases: Skills, Customer satisfaction, Multiple constituencies approach, Clients’ characteristics, Human resources service
Aspects de la vie spirituelle d’aînés hémodialysés en situation de perte

Our thesis project is to validate with aging people who have suffered loss, the following research hypothesis: « How the integration of major theories on the spiritual life to the life story tool (in the questionnaire) for the seniors who suffers loss help on the sens which people make of their life?»   In this study, we are interested in the problems of ageing, in particular within the Québec framework, specifically regarding the ageing of elders within hemodialysis process in situation of a loss. In the introduction, we will outline the general context behind the project. The report is presented according to the four stages laid down by the method of pastoral praxeology, namely the observation, interpretation, the intervention and the prospective.  Firstly, we will introduce the parameters of our observation in our pastoral milieu. We will thus seek to clarify the encountered problem, starting from the questions agreed in pastoral praxeology: the which, the what, the where, the when, the how and the why. Secondly, we will try to meet theoretical interpretations in order to find a new understanding of the drama which is played. Thus, we will stress out that we are indebted to four great theories on the spiritual life as for the framework of reference of our research, namely Oser, Gmünder and Ridez; Vasse; Breton and Liébanas.  The third step will be a sort of evaluation of changes to implement in real life, their impacts, the strategies to implement them and the unavoidable resistances generated by them.  Lastly, we will wonder about the unconscious visions of the world and human being conveyed by the intervention with an aim of being refit.  In this study, we have identified, using the tool of the life story, six aspects of the spiritual life of an elder in a hemodialysis process in situation of a loss, which are the representations or the images of God, the meaning of sin, the signs of the existence of the sin, the anteriority of the love of God compared to the sin, the ways of entry to the spiritual life as well as the indications to grow spiritually and the effects of life and death.

Keyphrases: Life story, Spiritual life, Loss, Meaning of life
Organisation et modulation du réseau neuronal de la respiration chez la lamproie

The neural control of breathing is currently investigated on multiple animal models such as frogs and rats. We have used the lamprey as an experimental model to characterize the brainstem neural networks involved in the genesis and modulation of the respiratory rhythm. We have first characterized a new population of respiratory neurons in the paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG). The pTRG is a region that was shown to be essential to respiratory rhythmogenesis in lampreys. We have shown that the pTRG contains a group of neurons with complex axonal arborisations, including bilateral projections to the motoneuron pools of the brainstem that activate gills, as well as bilateral projections connecting the pTRGs on the two sides of the brainstem. These results suggest that pTRG neurons could participate in the descending control of respiratory motoneurons as well as the bilateral synchrony of the respiratory rhythm. We have then studied the neural mechanisms by which respiration is increased during locomotion. We have shown that the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), in addition to its role in controlling locomotion, also increases breathing during locomotion. Neurons in the MLR are anatomically segregated, those projecting to the respiratory centers being located more dorsally. We have abolished the contribution of the dorsal part of the MLR to respiratory changes by injecting glutamate receptor blockers locally in semi-intact preparations. We have shown that during swimming episodes, a major part of the respiratory effect is dependent on the dorsal part of the MLR. Our results confirm that the respiratory rhythm is generated by a rostrolateral region in the pons of lampreys and show that connections from locomotor centers can directly activate this region. These connections could be implicated in the increase of breathing activity related to locomotion.

Keyphrases: Respiration, Locomotion, Lamprey, Modulation, CPG, Brainstem, Pons, Mesencephalon, Descending control