Injustice nationale et asymétrie de pouvoir au niveau mondial : pour une approche républicaine de la responsabilité globale en matière de lutte contre la pauvreté mondiale

The objective of our research project is to design a republican approach to international obligations in the fight against global poverty which, while recognizing the need for normative reform of international institutions, grants, in the fight against global poverty, a priority for accountability at the national level.  Our work intends to subscribe to a theory of global justice that takes a stand in relation to the cosmopolitan approach of global responsibility defended by Thomas Pogge. In relation to Pogge’s thesis who based the necessity of global justice on the existence of a causal link between global poverty and the international system, we have proposed a quite different justification for global justice based on the informal nature of political power in poor countries, and the dynamics of power inherent in bilateral relations between the governments of poor countries and the governments of rich countries.  From this perspective, it has become clear to us that the extreme injustices in the persistence of global poverty were caused by the neo-patrimonial nature of the state in poor countries and that the rich countries, contributed to the maintenance of poverty by politically and financially supporting the infra-institutional practices that dominate the state in poor countries. Thus, drawing inspiration from the republican approach to freedom as non-domination, we re-evaluated the link between world poverty and the international system by showing, first of all, that domination at the global level is intimately linked to The way in which the neo-patrimonial State exercises its sovereignty, that is to say, the political management of dependence; Then it emerged that the institutional patterns of global domination were in many respects related to the unfairness of the foreign policy of the superpowers controlling the world political scene and the often informal clientelistic mode under which are functioning bilateral relations between Rich and poor countries. Thus, far from causing world poverty, the international system in its own way exaggerates existing poverty at the domestic level and the strengthening of which contributes to the foreign policy of the rich countries.  In the preceding analyzes, which follow the logic of a statist approach to global justice, we have developed, according to the principle of freedom as non-domination, the normative orientations that a system of global justice intended to fight against global poverty. Above all, we started from the assumption that in the absence of a normative reform of political institutions at the level of poor countries and of a democratic reform of foreign policy in the rich countries – in the absence of justice at these two domestic levels – the effectiveness of the global justice thought as non-domination will be compromised. The idea is to show that the normative reform of the international system is in many respects based on the normative reform of national political institutions.

Keyphrases: Pogge, Non-domination, Philosophy, Global justice, Global poverty, Foreign policy, Neo-patrimonial state