NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Estimation de cartes d'énergie de hautes fréquences ou d'irrégularité de périodicité de la marche humaine par caméra de profondeur pour la détection de pathologies

This work presents two new and simple human gait analysis  systems based on a depth camera (Microsoft Kinect)  placed in front of a subject walking on a conventional  treadmill, capable of detecting a healthy gait from an  impaired one. The first system presented relies on the  fact that a normal walk typically exhibits a smooth motion  (depth) signal, at each pixel with less high-frequency spectral energy content than an abnormal walk. This permits  to estimate a map for that subject, showing the location and  the amplitude of the high-frequency spectral energy (HFSE).  The second system analyses the patient's body parts that have  an irregular movement pattern, in terms of periodicity, during  walking. Herein we assume that the gait of a healthy subject  exhibits anywhere in the human body, during the walking cycles,  a depth signal with a periodic pattern without noise. From each  subject’s video sequence, we estimate a saliency color map  showing the areas of strong gait irregularities also called  aperiodic noise energy.  Either the HFSE or aperiodic noise energy shown in the map  can be used as a good indicator of possible pathology in an  early, fast and reliable diagnostic tool or to provide  information about the presence and extent of disease or  (orthopedic, muscular or neurological) patient's problems. Even if the maps obtained are informative and highly  discriminant for a direct visual classification, even for  a non-specialist, the proposed systems allow us to  automatically detect maps representing healthy individuals  and those representing individuals with locomotor problems.

Keyphrases: Clinical gait analysis, aperiodic noise, spectral energy, asymmetry gait or swing, noise aperiodicity, gait classification, Kinect depth sensor, periodic gait motion
Étude de la médiane de permutations sous la distance de Kendall-Tau

The Kendall-τ distance counts the number of pairwise disagreements between two permutations. The distance between a permutation and a set is simply the sum of the distances between the considered permutation and the permutations of the set. Given a set of permutations, we want to find the permutation, called median, that minimise that distance to the set. The problem of finding a median of permutations under the Kendall-τ distance, finds applications in bioinformatics, political science, telecommunications and optimization. This simple appearing problem is proven difficult to solve. In this master thesis, we present a few approaches to solve the problem, to find a good approximate solution, to separate it into caracteristic classes, to deepen our understanding of its complexity, to reduce the search space and to accelerate calculations. We also present, at the end of this thesis, a generalization of this problem and we study it with the same approaches. The majority of the work in this thesis is located in the three papers which compose it and is complemented by two chapters, that bound them all together.

Keyphrases: permutation, contraintes, algorithms, bio-informatic, ranking systems, combinatorial optimization, median, constraints
Interrelated product design activities sequencing with efficient tabu search algorithms

This paper proposes and investigates a metaheuristic tabu search algorithm (TSA) that generates optimal or near optimal solutions sequences for the feedback length minimization problem (FLMP) associated to a design structure matrix (DSM). The FLMP is a non-linear combinatorial optimization problem, belonging to the NP-hard class, and therefore finding an exact optimal solution is very hard and time consuming, especially on medium and large problem instances. First, we introduce the subject and provide a review of the related literature and problem definitions. Using the tabu search method (TSM) paradigm, this paper presents a new tabu search algorithm that generates optimal or sub-optimal solutions for the feedback length minimization problem, using two different neighborhoods based on swaps of two activities and shifting an activity to a different position. Furthermore, this paper includes numerical results for analyzing the performance of the proposed TSA and for fixing the proper values of its parameters. Then we compare our results on benchmarked problems with those already published in the literature. We conclude that the proposed tabu search algorithm is very promising because it outperforms the existing methods, and because no other tabu search method for the FLMP is reported in the literature. The proposed tabu search algorithm applied to the process layer of the multidimensional design structure matrices proves to be a key optimization method for an optimal product development.

Keyphrases: Project management, Metaheuristic, Feedback length minimization problem, Design structure matrix
An adaptive neighborhood search algorithm for optimizing stochastic mining complexes

Metaheuristics are a useful tool within the field of discrete optimization that allow for large, complex, and difficult optimization problems to achieve a solution with a good quality in a reasonable amount of time.  Often metaheuristics have many parameters that require a user to manually define and tune for a given problem.  An adaptive metaheuristic aims to remove some parameters from being tuned or defined by the end user by allowing the method to specify and/or adapt a parameter or set of parameters based on the problem.  The adaptive metaheuristic, using advancements in understanding of the problem being solved, machine learning, and related fields, aims to provide this more generalized and automatic toolkit for solving problems.    Global optimization of mining complexes aims to schedule material movement in mines and processing streams to maximize the economic value of the system.  Often due to the large number of integer variables within the model, complicated constraints, and non-linear constraints, it becomes prohibitive to solve these models using commercially available optimizers.  Therefore, metaheuristics are often employed in solving mining complexes. This thesis builds upon a simulated annealing method developed by Goodfellow & Dimitrakopoulos (2016) to optimize the stochastic global mining complex. The method outlined by the authors requires many parameters to be defined to operate.  One of these is how the simulated annealing algorithm searches the local neighborhood of solutions.  This thesis illustrates and implements an adaptive way of searching the neighborhood for increasing the quality of a solution.  Numerical results show up to a 10% increase in objective function value.

Keyphrases: simulated annealing, adaptive metaheuristics, mine optimization, metal uncertanity
Méthode  de recherche à grand  voisinage pour  un problème  de tournées  de véhicules  avec  flotte privée  et transporteur externe

In this master thesis, we study a vehicle routing problem in which a private fleet does not have sufficient capacity to serve all customers. Therefore, an external common carrier is required. The external common carrier has no constraint of capacity, but there is a cost when a customer it assigned to it.  It is not necessary for all the vehicles of the private fleet to be used. The objective is to minimize the sum of the fixed cost of the private fleet, the variable routing cost and the external carrier cost.  Our work applies the adaptative large neighborhood search metaheuristic on this problem. We compare our results with those obtained previously with different well-known techniques on the benchmark instances of Christofides and Golden.

Keyphrases: Vehicle routing problem, Private fleet, Common carrier, Adaptative large neighborhood search, Metaheuristic
Développement d’un système d’appariement pour l’e-recrutement

Our work seeks to address a very important issue in the recruitment field: matching jobs postings and candidates. We have thousands of jobs postings and millions of profiles collected from internet provided by a specialized firm in recruitment. Job postings and candidate profiles on professional social networks are generally intended for human readers who are recruiters and job seekers. We use natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automatically extract relevant information in a job offer. We use the extracted information to build automatically a query on our database. To validate our information retrieval model of occupation, skills and experience, we use hundred Canadian jobs postings manually annotated. And to validate our matching tool we evaluate the result of the matching of ten Canadian jobs by a recruitment expert.

Keyphrases: Job recommendation, Matching, NLP, Information retrieval, E-recruitment, TALN
Détection de mouvements dans des séquences d’images basée sur la dynamique de supraconductivité

The goal of this work is to study the feasibility of motion detection in images sequences by using the continuity equation and superconductivity dynamics. Our approach can be motivated by the fact that many techniques that compute the optic flow use the continuity equation combined with a constraint that is called the brightness constancy constraint. The dynamics of superconductivity allows us to escape from the brightness consistency constraint. The experiments will be done with a database of images sequences named CDNET 2014. To obtain the numerical results in terms of F1 score a combination will be done between the dynamics of superconductivity and a mechanism of attention which is a resume of the ground truth.

Keyphrases: Motion detection, Continuity equation, Superconductivity dynamics
La musculature hyperbolique de la figure héroïque du film d'action américain des années 80

The body stays a really popular topic of studies nowadays. Many articles and books address the representation of the body in cinema. This study concentrates precisely on the hero's body of the the american action movie during the classic period of the 80's. It will thus be question of the hyperbolic musculature of Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone. The hypothesis of this research is that the staging of the actor's physique in the action movie stands representative of the heroic conception of its era.  In the first place, we explore the specific heroic construction in the classic action movie. We postulate that this american heroic figure evokes a glorification of corporality that returns to the mythologic conception of the Western hero, this one relative to our collective imaginary. A special attention on the performance of Stallone in his role of John Rambo will be used to support our  reflexion. In the second place, an analysis of the representation of Schwarzenegger's body in his first roles will allow us to verify at what point this actor's physique correspond to a new paradigm, a new corporal model to embody a heroic figure in cinema. In the third place, we consider the american socio-political context during the 80's in order to note the influence of society in the construction of a heroic figure in cinema. A study of the « reaganian » heroic figure will be developed in function of the comparison of these two stars. We could apprehend how the representation of the body in action movie can contribute to the social construction of the body in our contemporary Western society.

Keyphrases: Action, Musculature, Figure, Symbole, Action, Body, Musculature, Hero, Myth, Actor, Figure, Symbol, Society
La mise en valeur de l'archéologie sur la côte nord du Pérou : le cas de Chan Chan et de Huacas de Moche

Our thesis discusses the development of enhancements in the archeological heritage of the Northern coast of Peru. Based on two case studies, namely Chan Chan and Huacas de Moche, we aim to highlight different approaches in the establishment of enhancements to the archeological site and the related site museum exhibition. The city of Chan Chan would have been the capital of the Chimor Empire (900 to 1476 A.D.) and used as a center for governments, settlement and as a religious hub. At its height, the site of Huaca del Sol y de la Luna would have been the capital of the Moche civilization (100 B.C. to 700 A.D.). It represents one of the most ancient urban-ceremonial sites of the Northern coast of Peru.    The Chan Chan site museum presents a model of museography dating from the 1990s whereas; the site museum of Huacas de Moche proposes an approach evidencing concepts of new museology (2010). In addition, the management approaches, one public (Chan Chan) and one joint public/private (Huacas de Moche) have influenced the way archeology is presented to the public.   The first chapter discusses the history of archeology, museum and tourism development in Peru. The second part of that chapter examines questions related to hermeneutics of material culture, esthetic topics of artifatcs and pre-Columbian architecture and mediation approaches.  The second chapter establishes a parallel analysis of the circuit of the archeological site of Chan Chan and that of Huacas de Moche. The third chapter analyses the site museum exhibitions through two case studies. It discusses the links created and established to their respective archeological sites. The fourth chapter pertains to forms of financing of archeological searches, conservation, restoration and projects for enhancing the value of archeology. It also discusses strategies for its dissemination and tourism development. Finally, the last section of the fourth chapter discusses how the archeological sites and their museums can integrate local communities in the research project and to enhance archeology.

Keyphrases: Peru, Archaeology, Site Museum, Value
Le geste cinématographique de performance : documenter et concrétiser l’espoir

The present thesis takes as its point of departure the filmed documentary works relating to two performances: Da ist eine kriminelle Berührung in der Kunst (Ulay, 1976) and Data (Gagnon, 2010). These documents have in common the fact that they were both subject to cinematic manipulation. Are we to think of them merely as documents or as films in their own right, i.e., as aesthetic objects complementary to the performances that provided the occasion for their production? Rather than leaving these documents to languish in a theoretical void or to waver between their apparently contradictory tendencies (ephemeral performances or cinematic preservation?), this thesis takes up the theoretical challenge they articulate and proposes a fresh approach to the question of performance. In particular, it will be argued that, to the extent that the performative gesture is framed by the cinematographic gesture, these works can only be made sense of in virtue of their co-constitution. As such, in addition to referring to a performative content (i.e., the original performances), these documentary films also put an incomplete reality on display, first in terms of the question of how to classify them, but also in terms of their political content. Through the common themes of an aesthetic “hijacking” of performance and of a critical perspective on cultural institutions, the thesis shows how these two documentary works suggest a transformative renewal of social and political relations. Ultimately, through the notion of a cinematic-performative gesture, which is parasitical upon established social structures, it will be shown that the success of these works depends inherently upon cinematic form.

Keyphrases: Art de performance, Frank Uwe Laysiepen (Ulay), Cinema, Performance Art, Video Performance, Intermediality, Politics, At Work collective, Frank Uwe Laysiepen (Ulay)
Re-conceptualiser notre expérience de l’environnement audio-visuel qui nous entoure : l’individuation, entre attention et mémoire

This thesis re-conceptualizes our new audio-visual environment and analyses the experience we make of it. In the digital age marked by the dissemination of moving images, we circumscribe a category of images which we see as the most likely to have an impact on human development. We call it synchrono-photo-temporalized images-sounds. Specifically, we seek to highlight their power of affection and control by showing that they have some influence on the process of individuation, an influence which is greatly facilitated by the structural isotopy between the stream of consciousness and the flow of motion images. By examining the research of Bernard Stiegler, we also note the important roles attention and memory play in the process of individuation. This thinking makes us realize how the current education system in Quebec fails in its mission to give a good civic education by not providing an adequate teaching of moving images.

Keyphrases: individuation, attention, Bernard Stiegler, moving images, temporalized images, cinema, memory, stream of consciousness, education, politic
À suivre... de Sophie Calle : construction autobiographique d'une artiste singulière

Nathalie Heinich examines how the current diversity of artistic practices deeply modified the way artists singularise and assert themselves on the contemporary art scene. Going back to Van Gogh, the figure of the artist itself has taken precedence over the work, notably in the literature created by critics and biographers, despite the fact that the works themselves may very well be self-referential. A number of contemporary practices, notably those emanating from performance art, rely on a theatricalisation of the self, a mythologisation even. Among them, Sophie Calle constantly blurs the distinction between art and personal life, between fiction and reality. Her work entails various double games such as media and medium crossovers (exhibition/artist book; performance/visual documentation), recycling, publicity stunts and blurrings of authorship. This thesis examines À suivre…, a book by the artist that refers to previous performances (followed by exhibitions) on her favorite theme of tracking (Suite vénitienne and La filature). Philippe Lejeune and Vincent Colonna’s arguments are summoned to highlight the fictional impulse that inhabits works with an autobiographical pretension – writing strategies and play between illustrations (photographs) and text in Calle’s production demonstrate that. In light of Maxence Alcalde’s theorisation of the opportunistic artist, a figure he considers to be emblematic of the contemporary art scenes and markets, a great distance is revealed with Heinich’s Grand Singulier, a paradigmatic figure of the modernist artist.

Keyphrases: Sophie Calle, performances, artist book, autobiography, personal mythologies
Autour des nouvelles valorisations des collections permanentes au musée : le cas de l'exposition Encounters : New Art from Old

As part of the celebration of the new millennium, the National Gallery of London organized the exhibition Encounters: New Art from Old (June 14 to September 17, 2000). The concept was to invite twenty-five eminent contemporary artists to choose a painting from the permanent collection of the museum in order to create a new artwork. Some of the works produced for the occasion were displayed near the works that inspired them in the historic galleries of the museum. This dissertation examines how the anachronistic hanging of the works of art helped Encounters in shedding new light on the permanent collection of the museum and in showcasing the contemporary artists' interpretations. The dissertation seeks to situate Encounters in the context of a new interest in museum collections, to reflect on its selection of artists as well as on the selection of works chosen by the artists.  It then proceeds to classify the new creations in four modalities of intervention and in conclusion addresses the reception generated by the exhibition: that embodied by the new works created and those of the press and the public.

Keyphrases: National Gallery (Londres), contemporary art, art contemporain, museum studies, museum collections, National Gallery (London), reception aesthetic
Caractérisation d'une entité neurologique émergente au sein du cheptel ovin québécois

This study aims to characterize "crampage" [cramping] a relatively new condition in the sheep industry in Quebec. This condition is easily recognized by the particular gait displayed by affected sheep, characterized by a hyperflexion (hip, stifle, hock) of one or both pelvic limbs while walking. Five naturally-affected and 5 clinically normal lambs, matched by age and weight, were subjected to physical, neurological and orthopedic examinations followed by advanced imaging (CT, MRI), and electrodiagnostic testing (electromyogram, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities). Complete blood count, serum biochemistries and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were also performed.  At the study’s completion, the lambs were humanely euthanazied and necropsied. The cross-sectional area of the vertebral canal on CT images, at the level of the second lumbar vertebra, was smaller in the affected group compared to clinically normal lambs (p = 0.045). No associated change was observed in the corresponding spinal cord segment. In addition, the S2 nerve root was narrower in the affected group (p = 0.01). This study excludes a musculoskeletal origin for this problem. A spinal cord lesion was also excluded as an etiology for this condition. A sensory impairment of the S2 nerve root, altering the sensation of the affected limb, may serve as the underlying cause. A cerebral or a functional abnormality in the lumbar intumescence could also be considered. Without an obvious muscular abnormality, the lay term "crampage" is inaccurate. We propose more descriptive terminology, such as "hyperflexion syndrome" or "high stepping gait".

Keyphrases: Crampage, Hyperflexion, Radiculopathie, Sensorineuropathie, Cramping, Hyperflexion, Radioculopathy, Sensoryneuropathy