NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Reliable Message Dissemination in Mobile Vehicular Networks

Vehicular networks aim to enable a plethora of safety and infotainment applications. Safety applications aim to preserve people's lives (e.g., by helping in avoiding crashes) while infotainment applications focus on enhancing the passengers’ experience. These applications, especially safety applications, have stringent requirements in terms of reliability and delay; indeed, dissemination of an emergency message (e.g., by a vehicle/sender involved in a crash) should be reliable while satisfying short delay requirements. Note, that multi-hop dissemination is needed to reach all vehicles, in the target area, that may be outside the transmission range of the sender. Several schemes have been proposed to provide reliability and short delay for vehicular applications. However, these schemes have several limitations. Thus, the design of new solutions, to meet the requirement of vehicular applications in terms of reliability while keeping low end-to-end delay, is required.  In this thesis, we propose three schemes. The first scheme is a multi-hop reliable emergency message dissemination scheme, called REMD, which guarantees a predefined reliability , using message repetitions/retransmissions, while satisfying short delay requirements. It computes an optimal number of repetitions based on the estimation of link reception quality at different locations (called cells) in the transmission range of the sender; REMD assumes that link reception qualities of adjacent cells are independent. It also adequately selects a number of vehicles, called  forwarders, that cooperate in repeating the emergency message with the objective to satisfy multi-hop reliability requirements. The second scheme, called BCRB, overcomes the shortcoming of REMD by assuming that link reception qualities of adjacent cells are dependent which is more realistic in real-life scenarios. BCRB makes use of Bayesian networks to model these dependencies; this allows for more accurate estimation of link reception qualities leading to better performance of BCRB. The third scheme, called RICS, provides internet access to vehicles by establishing multi-hop reliable paths to gateways. In RICS, the gateway placement is modeled as a k-center optimisation problem. A space dimension reduction technique is used to solve the problem in exact time. Each gateway makes use of BCRB to establish reliable communication paths to vehicles.

Keyphrases: emergency message dissemination, Internet of Vehicles, Reliability, broadcast, multi-hop
L’edizione dell’Abecedario Pittorico di Pellegrino Antonio Orlandi, aggiornata da Pietro Maria Guarienti (1753), una fonte per la storia dell’arte portoghese

This dissertation, presents a study and commented edition of artistic-historical information regarding Portugal included in the Abecedario Pittorico by Pellegrino Antonio Orlandi, republished by Pietro Guarienti in Venice in 1753. Guarienti lived in Lisbon from 1733 until 1741 and among his main activities he was an art critic and merchant, in addition to a restorer.  His success as connoisseur allowed him to get in touch with a wide range of collectors, therefore giving him the chance to see innumerable collections and familiarise himself with Portuguese art.  At the end of his career, while working on the new expanded edition of the Abecedario, an encyclopediac universal dictionary of artists, he inserted, all the information on Portuguese art and collections he had gathered during his stay into this masterpiece. During the first half of the eighteenth century in Portugal, art literature basically did not exist, so the Abecedario represents the first printed work which sheds light on the life of various artists in that country. It includes biographies of twentyfive masters, mostly painters working in Portugal, going from those living in the fifteenth century to those still alive in the thirties and forties of the eighteenth century. Guarienti collected manuscripts and oral information from painters, collectors and  erudite people, adding his personal notes derived from the direct observation of works of art. As a consequence, the lives of the artists do not simply carry biographical data, but also include news on the masterpieces present in Lisbon at that time. On top of the lives, the Abecedario also contains much information as far as collections are concerned.  The author after all, accurately recalls the paintings from all the various schools he was able to see in the places he visited: the Royal Palace, churches and monasteries around  Lisbon, Mafra and Evora and many homes of over thirty private collectors. This is a corpus without comparison in Portuguese art literature, since the published sources which give information on eighteenth century art collecting in Portugal, are rare and rather incomplete. Few of the art amateurs mentioned by the author have been studied; as a matter of fact, some were even unknown. It is also clear that, on top of people traditionally belonging to the aristocracy, a wider public of high officials, merchants and artists existed.  But above all this corpus reveals the existence of an extraordinary collection of paintings from the most famous Italian, Flemish, Dutch and Spanish masters, a patrimony that, up until now, has not been studied.

Keyphrases: art literature, dictionary, painting, art collecting, Lisbon, Portugal, 18th century, Italy, Portugal
La poïétique de l'ivresse : discours et pratiques modernes interpellés par l'intoxication créatrice

This thesis examines the operating presence of intoxication as a concept in many of modernism’s founding discourses as well as in some of its practices.  Intoxication is considered both as a way to understand artistic creation and as a chemically-induced state allowing artists to access a specific kind of creativity.  The first part of the thesis shows how, in the 19th century, speculations about altered states of consciousness (alcohol, opium, hashish, etc.) intersected with poietic and aesthetic considerations. To demonstrate this, we link the development of an imaginary construct of intoxication that is filled with references to painting with writings on artistic creation that celebrate psychophysiological disorders. To support our hypothesis that the relationship linking art and intoxication is constitutive of the spirit of modernism we solicit the points of view of four writers who have adopted a physiological perspective on art: Stendhal, Balzac, Baudelaire and Nietzsche. Our aim is to elaborate notions of intoxication that are specific to each without losing sight of their respective sociohistorical contexts. By doing so, it becomes possible to delineate the emergence of the figure of the intoxicated artist and to analyze its ideological character.  In the second part of the thesis, we observe the implications of this construct on artistic practices during the 20th century. We begin by attesting to the challenges and material difficulties which states of intoxication can pose to painters. We thereby identity reasons why artists from the early avant-gardes kept their distance from intoxication. We then turn to painters who, from the inter-war period on, instead sought states of intoxication and developed strategies to exploit them to creative ends: S.I. Witkiewicz, Josef Sima, André Masson, Jackson Pollock and Kazuo Shiraga. First, we observe how these processes tend to detach themselves from a rigorist pictorial formalism, granting instead a determining function to empathy in the creation as well as the reception of the artwork. We go on suggest two distinct types of pictorial expression of intoxication: one which still requires the expedient of figuration, the other which is grounded in a spontaneous involvement of the artist's body. The notions of trace and aura theorized by Walter Benjamin allow us to tie these two modes of practicing intoxication to ways of conceiving artistic creation during a period distinguished by Taylorism as well as by image reproduction technologies.

Keyphrases: Intoxication, Aura, Drunkenness, Drug, Painting, Poietics, Aesthetics, Empathy, Modernism, Automatism
Des identités musulmanes : analyse discursive des négociations identitaires d’étudiantes universitaires et immigrantes en Finlande et au Québec

In this doctoral research project I explore the multiplicity of Muslim identity construction in Finland and the province of Quebec, Canada, within the context of immigration, globalization, and multiculturalism. My interest lies in the Muslim self-identifications of female students who have an immigrant background. They can define their Muslim identities in many different ways: as religious, cultural, part of family heritage, and so forth. Thus, these identities can be experienced as given, chosen, or admired, but also imposed, rejected or ignored. As Muslim identity has become “the symbol of the Other” in many European and North American societies, the global and local power relations are also prominent in my research. I assume that in whatever ways the participants identify themselves as Muslims, they cannot wholly escape discriminatory power hierarchies which participates in shaping the definition of their “group”.  My interdisciplinary thesis situates itself in the field of religious studies. It engages with a discursive approach to identity and with a critical approach to multiculturalism and power relations. The analysis draws on a corpus of thirty (30) qualitative and semi-structured interviews conducted in university contexts in Helsinki, Turku and Montreal. Dialogical Self Theory and Discursive Pragmatics are used to explore Muslim identities, as these theories draw upon heterogeneous and multivocal subject positions. This framework allows me to conceptualize identity as something negotiated and unstable, but which, at the same time, aims at a certain degree of coherence.   In my analysis I propose new ways to analyse Muslim identities by considering the complex interplay of identifications, disidentifications, and confusions as “types” of identity negotiation. I observe the multiple ways these types of negotiations are acted out in various discursive contexts and the ways they are anchored in local and global power relations. I draw especially attention to diverse temporal and spatial reference points and to multiple positions and voices of the self and others. The results of my research confirm the complexity of Muslim identity construction, as they reflect a variety of ways these identities can be contextually negotiated through the self and the other. As such, my research contributes to overcoming some simplifications of the definitions of Muslim identities: it proposes an alternative way to study Muslim identity construction beyond certain theoretical tendencies treating these identities without being able to fully highlight the complexity and the multiplicity that characterises them.

Keyphrases: identification, immigration, Dialogical Self Theory, Finland, disidentification, multiculturalism, muslim identity, power relations, university students
Pour une poétique historique du point de vue médiatisé au cinéma

Since the 1990s, a formal pattern that has become increasingly popular in film is the combined use or “conjunction” of the intradiegetic camcorder and the mediated point of view, two devices that are represented respectively by a camcorder integrated to a filmic narration and the point of view of what an intradiegetic camera (camcorder or not) is shooting in a given scene. Taking this observation as a starting point, this dissertation proposes to examine some of the characteristics of these devices, using the tools of Kristin Thompson’s neoformalism and David Bordwell’s historical poetics, with concern both for their uses in movies and their evolution in the history of cinema. This research problem is divided into two aspects. The first is analytical and is concern with a corpus of movies that make salient use of the intradiegetic camcorder or the mediated point of view: American Beauty (1999), The Blair Witch Project (1999), Caché (2005) and Le journal d’un coopérant (2010). The objective is to reveal a series of functions, strategies, norms, conventions and alternatives that are characteristic of the use of these devices. To achieve this, the main corpus will be compared with a larger one composed of a variety of movies from classical as well as modern cinema. The second aspect is historical and is concerned with the particular stylistic evolution of these two devices and their conjunction, primarily in classical Hollywood cinema. On the one hand, the study of intradiegetic cameras prior to the 1980s (during the period before the invention of the camcorder) elucidates the differences and similarities between previous and actual cinema. On the other hand, the recent evolution of the intradiegetic camcorder and the mediated point of view since the 1980s provides insight into the way in which this conjunction has developed in parallel with other phenomena such as the development of the amateur mode, the new possibilities offered by shooting in video for the film industry, the expansion of pornographic gonzo cinema or the popularization of the run and gun style and of the hand-held camera. Using these observations, we will determine the extent to which the popularity of the conjunction of the intradiegetic camcorder and the mediated point of view is representative of a fragmentation or an intensification of the style of contemporary cinema compared to the cinema of previous periods.

Keyphrases: Camcorder, Camera, Cinema and video, Contemporary cinema, Film style, Narration in film, Neoformalism, Poetics of cinema, Point of view in film
Reading Population Transfer in International Human Rights Law, International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law through the Principle of Humanity

Population transfer is a cause and consequence of armed conflict. It entails the arbitrary displacement of the population, the implantation of settlers and unlawful confinement. It is a violation of international human rights law and international humanitarian law and a crime in international criminal law. Yet, it is still considered a solution to minority and ‘ethnic’ problems. Using the rule of law as theoretical framework, this thesis assesses how the crime of population transfer is defined, interpreted and applied under international law and by regional and international courts as well as by the international community.

Keyphrases: Expulsion, Droit international public, Palestine, Sahara Occidental, Forced displacement, Arbitrary displacement, Population transfer, Colonization, Settlers, Self-determination, Conflicting rights, Mass expulsion, International criminal law, International humanitarian law, Rule of law, Principle of humanity, International human rights law
L'impact de la dignité humaine sur la protection du droit à la vie en droit international des droits de l'homme

Although the right to life is regarded as the first of human rights or the supreme value in the hierarchy of human rights, this right has many shortcomings arising from the ineffectiveness of its protection, the incompleteness or even lack of definition in international human rights law. To deal these shortcomings, the author proposes to extend the protection of the right to life by using the principle of human dignity. This recognition of human dignity in international human rights law provides increased protection against violations of the right to life. The author attempts to demonstrate the double impact of human dignity: firstly, human dignity is an effective source of protection of the right to life; secondly, it is a source of extension of the scope of protection of this right to other fundamental rights.

Keyphrases: Human dignity, Right to life, Right to survival, Right to live, International law, International human rights law
Vers le Design hacké : la nécessité d’une nouvelle posture épistémologique

Today’s hypermodern working environment is experiencing important social, environmental and technological changes pressing actors to acquire the know-how to solve complex problems. The new philosophy of "doing" and the rise of working collaboration strategies arising in our hypermodern society are not systematically reflected in design’s practice. Indeed, by trying to keep pace with a world in constant change, today's design discipline is struggling to keep up. The theories on collaborative innovation present some answers to develop this know-how by advocating a practice that deploys fluidity in projects or, in other words, an eco-auto-re-organisational strategy. However, in the absence of a practical and operational tool, collaborative innovation is still at the conceptual and utopian stage. This thesis aims to rethink project management in our hypermodern world. Starting from a specific example, the Hackathon, it explores new ways of thinking, doing and creating solutions based on an entirely innovative dynamics, grounded on an ethic and a practice specific to the new society of "doing" and inspired, in particular, by the hackers. The Hackathon is thus analyzed through an analytic grid called the Gyroscope of the project through which the actors, the actions and the organisation of the project are evaluated. The Gyroscope makes it possible to identify the project’s components in relation to each other and to understand the requirements needed to carry out each project according to the theoretical indicators of collaborative innovation. The analysis not only demonstrates that the Hackathon is indeed a concrete application of a new work ethic, but that its strength is in the early stages of the project’s conceptualization. The question that this analysis raises is: Is it possible to consider extending it to the whole development process, from ideation to implementation? This research presents an archaeological reading of the discipline of design which allows to identify the emblematic figures of the project through the historical periods that marked the design. The proposal of a new figure, the Hacking design, highlights the impact of hypermodernism's transformations on the practice of this discipline and the role of the practitioner, thus concluding that Design Thinking is now overtaken by an ethic of work that goes beyond a way of thinking, but involves a new epistemological posture. Many disciplines contiguous to Design, including Management, Entrepreneurship and Engineering, have therefore a strong interest in Design, which they perceive as a response to the success of collaborative innovation within organizations. The expectations towards the discipline of Design, from its theory to its practice are, therefore, very high.

Keyphrases: Hackathon, Design hacké, Design archeology, Collaborative innovation, Project management, Fluidity, Gyroscope of the project, Hacker’s ethic, Hacking design
Comprendre et manipuler les données ouvertes de l'administration publique : la situation au Gouvernement du Québec et à la Ville de Montréal

The goal of this masters thesis is to assess the opening of public sector data, a phenomenon that became widespread since 2009. Open data stem from the freedom of information movement, with however a proactive dimension : rather than being provided on demand, open data are published online and usually centralized on a portal. Open data have several goals, in particular the promotion of transparency within the public sector, and the stimulation of both economic activity and civic participation. Open data have been mostly used to create software applications, but we found several sources that demonstrate the analytic potential of the phenomenon. However, to realize this potential, open data must comply with several conditions, such as appropriate format, quality and coverage, adequate user license, etc. We looked into the policies and practices of two Quebec portals — Données Québec and Montreal City open data portal — to see if these conditions were met. While the overall situation was acceptable, we noted some practices that could be detrimental to the reuse of data. In order to illustrate these problems and offer possible strategies to solve them, we performed data cleaning and integration. Finally, we explain the analytic gain of the data integration, despite the difficulties of the operation.

Keyphrases: sécurité routière, open data, public sector, road traffic safety, Montreal, Quebec Government
Le cimetière informel de Cobern Street (1750-1827) à Cape Town, Afrique du Sud : ré-examen de sa diversité biologique à l’aide de la morphométrie géométrique

The Cape region in South Africa shows unique and high levels of biological diversity, through past and present times. This phenomenon dates back to the colonial period when labour forces came, willingly or not, from three continents: Africa, Asia and Europe. The capetonian population was hence shaped by the encounter and admixture of various groups (slaves, settlers, locals). The Cobern Street historic burial ground (1750-1827) in Cape Town provides a rare bioarchaeological opportunity to study a population affected by slavery in an African context. The diverse origins of the individuals buried there were already explored through funerary archaeology, isotopic analyses, dental morphology and "traditional" craniometry. However, geometric morphometrics, considered as a more precise approach, has not been applied to this population. This project thereby aims to reevaluate the biological affinities of 21 individuals from Cobern Street using a 3D method based on a series of craniofacial landmarks. They were compared to a sample of 479 individuals originating from numerous regions and/or ethnic groups from Africa (West, Central and East Africa; Coloured and Khoisan), Madagascar, Asia (East, Southeast and the Indian subcontinent) and Europe. Three types of multivariate analyses were performed on an intra- and interpopulational scale: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA). All the results confirm the high levels of phenotypic diversity present in the Cobern Street sample. In agreement with historical sources, affinities were observed with groups from Africa (n = 8), Asia (n = 4), Madagascar (n = 2) and the Indian subcontinent (n = 2). The African component was predominant. This fact agrees with traditional craniometry (Ribot et al. 2017), but not with dental morphology which indicated more Asian input (Manyaapelo 2007). Furthermore, by comparing the various data from both geometric morphometrics and isotopic analyses (Cox 1999), at least five individuals were possibly identified as of mixed ancestry because of their very diverse affinities. This study supports the presence in Cape Town, since the 18th century, of an ethnic mosaic already rather complex.

Keyphrases: Cape Town, Bioarchaeology, Geometric morphometrics, Landmarks, Biological affinities, Slavery, Admixture
Récits de québécoises sur leur utilisation des Nouvelles Technologies de Reproduction afin de combler leur désir de parentalité

With the technologies available in order to mitigate infertility, it would seem that having a child would be easy. However, the dialogue of fifteen Quebecers that are dealing with or have dealt with infertility illustrates that the process of medically assisted procreation has its pitfalls. As explained by Felicia, "Infertility affects many, many spheres of life". One objective of this work is to question the choice of women who go to fertility clinics when difficulties to procreate arise and to outline the impacts of their choice. This research will demonstrate that Quebecers and the choices they make in the reproductive field are profoundly influenced by social pressures and the way of thinking of their society.

Keyphrases: Anthropology, Medically Assisted Reproduction, Fertility Center, Infertility, Quebecoise, New Reproductive Technologies, Parenthood, Study of Kinship