NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Les mauvais traitements psychologiques chez les jeunes issus des groupes ethnoculturels soumis à la loi sur la protection de la jeunesse (LPJ)

This study is part of a broader project by the CJM dealing with psychological ill-treatment towards children. It aims to understand whether certain ethnic groups are overrepresented or underrepresented among young people reported and taken in care for psychological ill-treatment at the CJM-IU and CJ Batshaw. More specifically, within the framework of this study, we used existing statistical data from the CJM and attempted to draw a portrait of the young people reported for psychological ill-treatment from 2007 to 2010 in the Montreal region. The aim of this study was to better understand the reasons for the possible over-representation of certain ethnocultural groups among young people reported for psychological ill-treatment. We also analyzed the ethnocultural characteristics of the families involved in this form of ill-treatment. Indeed, we wanted to understand the representations of psychological ill-treatment according to cultural norms, with an interest in the normal development of children and in parental behaviour. We first used descriptive statistical analysis to summarize the information obtained from the CJM-IU databases and to see if a group was over-represented. For our study, we considered only MTP cases from the CJM-IU databases and the Batshaw Youth and Family Centers, ie, 9499 first reports. Subsequently, in order to answer the second objective, we carried out a literature search on the parental practices and the representations of the TPMs in the culture identified as overrepresented. The results showed that, in general, young people from ethno-cultural backgrounds were not more likely to be more represented among the children reported for TPM than youth who did not come from immigration. On the other hand, this difference is considerable for young people from the Caribbean. Unfortunately, no documentation has been found in the literature on this representation because we only had access to information about youth protection systems in Jamaica and Haiti.

Keyphrases: Prévalence, Psychological ill-treatment, Youth protection, Ethnocultural, Forms of abuse, Over-representation
Le détour vert : changements climatiques et cadrage pendant la campagne électorale fédérale canadienne de 2008

For more than 30 years, the governments of developed democratic countries have unsuccessfully tried to implement public policies to reduce green house gas emissions. One reason for this failure can be attributed to the fact that it’s extremely difficult to present carbon pricing policies in a way that will generate voters support. This master thesis analyzes one of the few instances in which a political party centered its platform around a carbon tax proposal. The Liberal Party of Canada proposed this tax during the 2008 Canadian federal election. The present research paper contains two content analysis. The first contains all the press releases published during the campaign by the two main Canadian federal parties, the Liberal Party of Canada and the Conservative Party of Canada. The second analysis includes articles published by five Canadian major newspapers. The present research paper, based on framing theory, provides insight into the strong influence that the 2008 economic crisis had or has on the liberal tax press coverage. A major finding revealed is that journalist evaluation of the tax was primarily based on the impact it had on the Canadian economy and not the environment. This evaluation led them to conclude that the tax would have a negative impact on the economy and was therefore not a good policy while neglecting to account for environmental impact. Most of the arguments presented by the media, both for and against the tax, were largely inspired by the arguments of the two major parties. This brings doubt to the idea that the media can act independently during election campaigns. It also suggests that political parties have some leeway when designing communication strategies for carbon pricing policies.

Keyphrases: 2008, Canada, Climate change, media, framing, election, journalist, economy
Les cultures stratégiques canadiennes et l’opinion publique : une étude de la représentativité du gouvernement libéral de 2015 à 2017

The salience of international issues during the Canadian political debates in 2015 suggests that the election of a liberal government would mark a shift in defense policies when compared to those pursued be the conservatives. In view of the ideological polarization among these elites, one could question the political representativeness of their foreign policy decision-making. Using a strategic culture approach, this paper provides an empirical assessment of the coherence between the current government’s strategic preferences and the preferences of the public. After reviewing the typical Canadian strategic cultures, a first section studies the LPC campaign platform and defence policies from 2015 to 2017. The second section examines the public’s preferences in regards to foreign affairs through the statistical analysis of a Canadian Electoral Study. Two sets of preferences help differentiate the position held by the groups: the nature of the military intervention and the nature of their strategic allies. We conclude on a general correspondence between the strategic culture shown by the government (halfway between internationalism and atlanticism) and by the population (internationalism), but acknowledge the difficulty of comparing such heterogeneous preferences and accept the idea of a tension within these cultures.

Keyphrases: Canadian Foreign Policy, Strategic Culture, LPC, Public Opinion, Canadian Electoral Studies, Defence Policy
Validation de l’utilisation d’indicateurs physiologiques de stress comme indicateurs de qualité des habitats

Stress-related physiological indicators have been proposed as an alternative approach to model habitat quality due to their relation to an individual’s fitness. However, the validation of this approach is far from complete since the temporal scales at which physiological indicators are related to local environmental characteristics and are a predictor of fish fitness has not been assessed. Thus, the goal of this study was to further explore the potential of physiological indicators in facilitating the development of habitat quality models. To achieve that, the basal and response levels of cortisol, glucose and lactate in the blood were assessed in cutlip minnows (Exoglossum maxillingua) located in three different Laurentian rivers (Quebec, Canada) from July to August 2016. Those indicators were then linked to the assessed environmental characteristics and to two condition factors used to represent fish fitness (whole-body lipid concentration and LeCren condition factor) with models built through a two-stage hybrid variable selection procedure using ridge and LASSO type penalties. Our results suggest that response levels of blood glucose depend strongly on the local environmental characteristics and are good predictors of the fish’s lipid concentration validating their potential use at the daily temporal scale as habitat quality indicators. Keywords : Stress indicators, Cortisol, Glucose, Lactate, Habitat quality, Conservation

Keyphrases: Cortisol, Glucose, Lactate, Conservation, Stress indicators, Habitat quality
Analyse jurisprudentielle des effets de la norme interdisant le harcèlement psychologique dans trois grandes entreprises

Our master's thesis is about the effects of the norm prohibiting the psychological harassment on three large enterprises (Rio Tinto Alcan, Desjardins and Hydro-Québec). We want to evaluate the measures implemented by companies to counter psychological harassment at work and their management of this problem. In addition, our study analyzes the normative effects of the articles 81.18 to 81.20 of the Act Respecting Labor Standard as conceived by the Tribunal administratif du travail and the arbitration tribunal. We want to observe the evolution (before vs. after the apparition of the norm) and the differences in the interpretation of the psychological harassment between the different courts of law.  To this end, we will examine case laws treating of psychological harassment in the workplace, from the 1980s to 2016. The case law will come from the three Quebec enterprises. Our research is exploratory, the main objective being to apprehend the effectiveness of the law. Therefore, only the normative effects will be considered; we will not try to identify or explain the empirical causes of the phenomenon.  Although do not want to make any hasty conclusions, our thesis highlights the diversity of the measures implemented by companies against psychological harassment at work. While Hydro-Québec is proactive in this area with the adoption of detailed internal policies and procedures to counter harassment, which is also the case, but to a lesser extent, with Desjardins. The problem seems to be totally ignored by Rio Tinto Alcan (despite a number of complaints about it). Our research also notes some gaps between the arbitration tribunals and the Tribunal administratif du travail, particularly regarding the success rate of the complaints. Finally, it is surprising that there are no arbitral awards according moral or punitive damages, which is permitted by the Act Respecting Labor Standards, despite concluding that the employee has been a victim of psychological harassment.

Keyphrases: Tribunal administratif du travail, Psychological harassment in the work place, Act Respecting Labor Standards, arbitration tribunals, Tribunal administratif du travail, large enterprises
Music perception in children with autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by difficulties in social and communication skills and restricted patterns of behavior, often involving atypical sensory perception, including in the auditory domain. While many individuals with ASD have speech and communication impairments, they often have preserved or even enhanced music skills. As such, music provides a key way to study sensory processing in ASD. However, music perception in ASD is poorly understood and research has yielded mixed results. The current study aimed to examine music perception across a range of tasks including melodic pitch, rhythm perception and memory in school-age children with ASD. To clarify individual differences we examined music perception in children with ASD as a function of verbal and non-verbal IQ, age, and ASD symptom severity. Children with ASD performed similarly to TD children in both a verbal IQ-matched sample and an age-matched group with a more representative range of IQ abilities (‘non-VIQ-matched’). Music perception increased with cognitive ability in ASD and TD, and more specifically, non-verbal ability was related to pitch discrimination in ASD. Rhythm discrimination increased with age in both ASD and TD. There was no relationship between receptive vocabulary or social symptom severity and music perception in children with ASD. This research helps to better understand sensory processing in ASD in general, and music perception in particular. The study of sensory differences in ASD informs our understanding of individual differences and allows us to better define phenotypes in ASD. Finally, this work serves as a guide for future studies on the effects of music therapy in ASD.

Keyphrases: Autism, Development, Music, Perception
Effets d’un court entraînement de pleine conscience sur la douleur et la cognition : une étude expérimentale randomisée en double aveugle

Pain captures attention and interferes with competing tasks demanding cognitive effort. Brief mindfulness interventions have been shown to improve attention and reduce pain sensitivity and could potentially reduce pain interference. However, mindfulness is a construct that has been defined in multiples ways in an abundant and heterogeneous scientific literature. This thesis first explores different conceptualisations of mindfulness and defined mindfulnes as a universal psychological function. Next, a systematic review of the literature on brief mindfulness intervention was conducted. Finally, an experimental study was conducted to assess the effect of a 5-days mindfulness intervention (20 min/day) on the interference produced by thermal pain on working memory performance, using a 2-back task. Three groups of healthy participants were randomized into mindfulness meditation practice training (n=15), mindfulness education comprising only conceptual information (n = 15), or no intervention (n = 15 control). Evaluation sessions were conducted before and after the interventions to assess the effect of pain on 2-back performance (pain interference). Importantly, both pain stimuli and the 2-back task were calibrated individually and in each session before assessing potential changes in pain interference, thereby controlling for possible changes in baseline pain sensitivity and cognitive performance. Secondary measures of heat pain sensitivity, cold pain tolerance, cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and divided attention were also collected. Compared to the control group, pain interference and pain reported during the tolerance test were significantly reduced following the conceptual intervention but not the meditation intervention. No other effects were found in pain or cognitive measures. These results highlight limitations of brief attention regulation training and suggest that conceptual understanding of mindfulness might iv contribute to reducing pain and pain interference. Furthermore, a theoritical model of pain interference reduction by mindfulness is proposed.

Keyphrases: Mindfulness, Cognition, attention, Focused attention, Open monitoring, Pain, Pain interference, Analgesia, Randomized, Dual-blind
Brisure de la symétrie icosaédrique du C60 vers des fullerènes plus grands et les nanotubes apparentés

Exact icosahedral symmetry of C60 fullerene is viewed as an orbit of H3 Coxeter group. This orbit is decomposable into orbits of symmetrical subgroups of lower ranks. The orbits form a stack of parallel layers centered on an axis traversing the C60 from side to side. By inserting in the middle of the stack a certain number of orbits of the studied subgroup, one can find the structure of a larger fullerene. By repeating the insertion, fullerenes and nanotubes of any desirable length can be obtained. This thesis presents the cases where the subgroups used are denoted A2 and A1×A1, since they are respectively isomorphic to the Weyl groups of simple Lie algebras A2 and A1×A1. These two cases make it possible eventually to obtain nanotubes of the zig-zag and chiral type. Avenues of generalization of the method are discussed in the last part of this thesis.

Keyphrases: Nanotubes, Polytopes, Fullerenes, Icosahedral symmetry, Symmetry breaking
Étude de physique au-delà du Modèle Standard dans les désintégrations B→πK

This thesis deals with the four B→πK decays: B⁺→π⁺K⁰, B⁺→π⁰K⁺, Bd⁰→π⁻K⁺ and Bd⁰→π⁰K⁰. These are interesting to study since they are related to CP violation in the quark sector. Using fits, the latest experimental results on these decays and the diagrammatic approach, this project measures the disagreement with the Standard Model and determines whether new physics models can reduce this disagreement. The results obtained show that the ratio |C'|/|T'| is essential to determine the state of the disagreement with the Standard Model. This is a ratio between the magnitudes of two diagrams contributing the B→πK decays. These diagrams are the color suppressed (C') and color allowed (T') tree diagrams. If this ratio is high (∼ 0.5), the Standard Model can explain the decays. If it is low (∼ 0.2), it cannot. In this case, it was found that new physics models can improve on the Standard Model, whithout however fully explaining the disagreement. This is the case for a Z', a particule that can cause a transition b̄→s̄ at tree level. For Z' models to improve on the Standard Model, the Z' must couple to ūRuR and/or d̄RdR, and the coupling in each of these cases must be different. In some models, the Z' can couple to b̄→s̄μ⁺μ⁻. These models can explain many anomalies observed in this transition. For half of these models, the Z' also has the requirements needed to reduce the disagreement in the B→πK decays. Models involving a diquark, a particle that can couple to 2 quarks of the same chirality were also considered. It was found that a color sextet diquark that couples to uⁱL,RdʲL,R can reduce the disagreement found in the B→πK decays.

Keyphrases: CP Violation, B Mesons, New Physics
Moral responsibility (of the person) : positive response to the degradation of nature operated by man

In the context of a short dissertation, the aim of this research is to present a thorough critical study of the principle of responsibility in Hans Jonas’s work in order to better measure its impact on the contemporary evolution of philosophical debates in environmental ethics. First, it is necessary to present the fundamental arguments of the principle of responsibility in its historical context (marked by intellectual references to the work of Martin Heidegger, Immanuel Kant and Ernst Bloch). Important questions in our work examine the Jonassian reflections on technology toward the limits of moral anthropocentrism. The second part of our dissertation will be focused more on the contemporary literature of environmental ethics. Numerous scientific studies show that the most important transnational environmental issues, including climate change, are the result of human technological interventions. How can we trace Jonas’s philosophical heritage in the context of these contemporary debates on environmental ethics? First, the ethics of responsibility gave rise to the notions and language of the precautionary principle against “risks” (Beck, 2002). Similarly, the concept of the “value of nature” has given rise to a formidable debate between defenders of the intrinsic value of nature (Callicott, 2010) and defenders of a more pragmatic approach to moral anthropocentrism (Norton, 2010). Lastly, the precedence of our responsibilities towards others has given rise to a certain conception of intergenerational justice in light of environmental issues. The purpose of this thesis is to better understand Jonas’s philosophical heritage using these three illustrations of contemporary debates in the field of environmental ethics.

Keyphrases: Morale, Nature, Moral, Environment, Ontology, Deontology, Ecology, Ethics, Responsibility, Man, Technology
Le cartésianisme et les fondements du Dieu de Spinoza

The main question of this thesis concerns the Cartesian founding principles of Spinoza’s God. I will demonstrate the evolution of his doctrine from the Short Treatise, one of his early works, until Ethics, a posthumous book, in which he seems to take more and more distance from Descartes, especially regarding the triad substance-attribute-mode and the proofs of God’s existence. Indeed, in the Short Treatise and Spinoza’s letters, the words « substance » and « attribute » seem to be interchangeable; this ambiguity will later disappear and the two words become more specific as they become independant in Ethics. Thus there seems to be a discontinuity between the concept of God in Short Treatise and the one in Ethics, especially because of some ontological and terminological uncertainty. In this thesis, I will show that this discontinuity is only superficial and will interpret Spinozism from a coherentism point of view so that the consistency between Short Treatise and Ethics will be exposed, Finally, I will also determine the Cartesian influence of Spinozism.

Keyphrases: Spinoza, Descartes, Substance, Philosophy, Cartesian philosophy, God
La figure socratique chez Hannah Arendt

The time period of Hannah Arendt’s philosophy is marked by a profound crisis that she identifies as the dark times. The era is usually characterized by what is known as the lost Politics, which is linked to the loss of human liberties and plurality. Arendt states that traditional philosophy missed the sense of Politics by refusing the cohabitation of action and thought, two essential dimensions of human existence. Totalitarianism would represent the ultimate consequence of the failure of traditional philosophy. She believes the extermination war was a form of political self-destruction because it eliminated the concept of a common world. It is through the Socratic figure that we can better understand Hannah Arendt's position. In fact, she uses Socrates as a model of thought concerned with a common world and plurality. This last concept refers to the human plurality that represents the fundamental conditions of action and speech as the basis of genuine politics. We will examine how the Socratic figure used as an ideal type can help understand the importance of combining thought and action to found a new post-totalitarian philosophy. As Plato turns away from appearances and the sensible world to capture a transcendent reality, Socrates attacks it. To this end, we will explain philosophical tradition as well as the important concepts that Hannah Arendt uses as the foundation of her political philosophy. We will therefore review the legacy of traditional philosophy as well as the principals that provoked it’s rupture, Socrates trial and Plato’s new political philosophy. Subsequently, we will approach three portraits of the Socratic figure: the first being that of the thinker of plurality, the second that of the moral thinker and the last that of the critical thinker.

Keyphrases: Hannah Arendt, Socrate, Philosophy, Socrates, Plato, Human plurality, Common world, Politics
La dialectique négative de Theodor W. Adorno : méthode d'émancipation et d'éducation

Rich and focusing on the issues of our time, Theodor W. Adorno's critical theory through negative dialectics remains marginalized in philosophical studies at the same time that the philosophical community would gain in actualizing it, especially in an educational perspective. This is the main concern of this paper. In the first chapter, we describe the social problem noted by Adorno which is structural non-freedom. We present precisely what roles play the reification phenomena and the identity and exchange principles in relation to the lived impossibility of achieving some human progresses in the administrated world. We also present here what he sees as the necessity of a new categorical imperative in this form of barbary. The next chapter presents his thoughts on freedom itself. This brings us to explain his philosophical position as following, but also breaking through the systems of Hegel, Marx, Kant and liberalism, targeting to show the interest of a freedom conceptualized as liberation from different forms of determinism, this through a critical individuation process which reacts to the social negativity lived by any subject. Then, we present in the last chapter Adorno's thoughts on the proper education to this kind of freedom, judging it by the demands of negative dialectics as a method. After presenting his thinking scheme on the possibility of mankind progress in a cultural meaning, we discuss the possibility of a praxis of dialectical education in culture, at school and in the teacher’s practice.

Keyphrases: Theodor W. Adorno, liberté, philosophy, critical theory, reification, determinism, negative dialectics, freedom, education, progress, humanity, Theodor W. Adorno