L'efficacité de l'imagerie guidée sur la douleur, l'anxiété, le coping et le retour aux activités d'adolescents ayant subi une chirurgie correctrice de scoliose

Several studies have shown that a spinal fusion surgery to repair scoliosis is a distressing experience for adolescents. This type of surgery involves extensive surgical lesions to soft tissues and bones that result in severe post-operative pain levels which can last several days after the surgery. Recent studies have reported significant results from interventions testing cognitive-behavioral therapies to help children and adolescents cope with acute pain experiences. The present study was designed to develop and to verify  the effectiveness of a home- based guided imagery and relaxation intervention, combined to an educational intervention, presented through a DVD, on adolescent’s postoperative pain, anxiety, coping and activities of daily living following a spinal fusion. The theory of stress and coping (Lazarus and Folkman, 1984) was the conceptual framework for this randomized controlled trial study.  Between April and December 2010, thirty-one adolescents 13 to 19 years of age were assigned randomly to receive either standard medical care or standard medical care with the home- based guided intervention (DVD). Participants from the experimental group were introduced to the intervention before the surgery and before discharge home. Postoperative recalls regarding the intervention were offered by telephone two weeks after the patient was discharged home.  The Brief Pain Questionnaire (French version) was used to assess adolescents’ usual activities and pain. The anxiety was measured using the child/adolescent version of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (French version), and the coping strategies were measured by using the French version of the Pediatric Pain Coping Inventory. Data collection, using these questionnaires, was performed before the surgery, before discharge home, two weeks post-discharge and one month following discharge from the hospital.   Results have shown that there were no differences among the groups before the surgery on gender, age, daily activities, anxiety, adaptive strategies on coping and pain. Participants of the experimental group presented a lower mean on pain intensity two weeks (p = 0,012) and one month after being discharged home (p = 0,049). Significant results were obtained in the experimental group at two weeks post-discharge regarding some of the activities of daily living:  school or working activities (p = 0,046) and vital support activities (eg. eat, sleep) (p = 0,024), On the other hand, we did not observe significant differences between both groups on all other variables.  Guided imagery and relaxation intervention combined to an educational intervention was superior to standard care for the treatment of postoperative pain two weeks and one month after returning home. Furthermore, this intervention seems to have a positive effect on the resuming by adolescents of some of their activities at home.

Keyphrases: adolescent, coping, relaxation, idiopathic scoliosis, spinal fusion surgery, pain, anxiety, coping, guided imagery, relaxation