Comprendre les enjeux d’implantation de l’approche Integrated Psychological Treatment et l’adapter aux besoins de la clientèle atteinte de schizophrénie suivie en milieu carcéral et en psychiatrie légale

The Integrated Psychological Treatment is a cognitive-behavioral group approach developed in general psychiatry for individuals with schizophrenia. In recent years, IPT drew the attention of clinicians in correctional and forensic psychiatric settings. The abilities targeted were deemed relevant to address the needs of their clientele with schizophrenia. However, pilot projects revealed implementation issues compromising the sustainability of the approach in those settings (e.g., difficult interdisciplinary collaboration, limited possibilities to practice skills). Few implementation studies have been conducted in correctional and forensic psychiatric settings regarding psychosocial approaches. Moreover, a gap exists in standards of care compared to general psychiatry. The aim of this thesis is to identify the factors that need to be considered in the implementation of IPT in correctional and forensic psychiatric settings and to define the components that need to be adapted to meet the needs of the clientele with schizophrenia. Two projects were conducted. First, an implementation analysis was carried out with two cases: a correctional institution and a high security forensic psychiatric hospital. Stakeholders involved in the implementation were interviewed (IPT facilitators, patients, unit managers, unit staff, etc.). Results showed that IPT was deemed relevant for the clientele and could be delivered in secure settings. However, several issues specific to secure settings were identified (i.e., the complex legal and clinical picture of the clientele, the difficulty of working in interdisciplinarity, conflicts between security requirements and rehabilitation needs and the lack of recognition of IPT in national correctional programming). Following this project, a multiphase mixed method was carried out to develop immersive videos, an innovative solution to foster generalization of learning while addressing deficits contributing to violence (i.e., social cognition). The development phase integrated a participative approach and involved patients (n=7) and practitioners (n=7). Five scenarios were created. They sought to elicit self-referential and intentionality biases. The validation phase involved patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n=7) and people without a known mental disorder (n=7). Results showed that it is possible to create immersive scenarios that have all the relevant attributes to foster a generalization of learning in situations leading to violence (i.e., ambiguous, realistic, generating a sense of presence and eliciting anger). Overall, this thesis highlights the factors that facilitate and hinder the implementation of IPT in correctional and forensic psychiatric settings. The adaptation of the approach must continue. Solutions such as immersive videos may facilitate a successful transformation of IPT in secure settings and support the rehabilitation of their clientele with schizophrenia.

Keyphrases: Integrated Psychological Treatment, prison, violence, Implementation, Schizophrenia, Forensic psychiatry, Virtual reality, Social cognition