NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La distribution de films au Québec en 2011

In 2010, 78,4 % of the films shown in Quebec were American. This thesis intends to shed light on the mechanisms at play when it comes to film distribution in Quebec and the responsibility that distributors have with respect to national film offerings. After having described the five steps involved in making a film, we draw up the inventory of federal and provincial policies that govern distribution in Quebec. We then establish parallels between national policies and those of European Union countries in order to consider how and why, as a way to protect their identity « from the American tidal wave », those countries try to regulate the film industry. We subsequently examine the role that distribution plays in the economic chain in general and in the Quebec film industry in particular through a series of semi-structured interviews with leading protagonists in the field. We then take a look at the future of film distribution as it relates to the dematerialization of images and sound. Finally, we conclude that the Quebec film menu is made up by the positioning of American and Quebec distributors in response to an artificial consumer demand that is reflected by the box-office, legitimized by the governments.

Keyphrases: distribution, marketing, movie, film, cultural industry, globalization, Quebec
Évolution de familles de gènes par duplications et pertes : algorithmes pour la correction d’arbres bruités

Genes are segments of genomes that code for proteins. Genes of one or more species can be grouped into gene families based on their sequence similarity. In order to determine functional relationships among these multiple gene copies of a family, sequence homology is insufficient as no direct information on the evolution of the gene family by duplication, speciation and loss can be inferred directly from a family of homologous genes. And it is precisely this information that allows us to distinguish between orthologous gene copies, that have evolved by speciation and are more likely to preserve the same function and paralogous gene copies that have evolved by duplication and usually acquire new functions. For a given gene family contained within n species, a gene tree (inferred by typical phylogenetic methods) and a phylogenetic tree of the considered species, reconciliation between the gene tree and the species tree is the most commonly used approach to infer a duplication, speciation and loss history for the gene family. The main criticism towards reconciliation methods is that the inferred duplication and loss history for a gene family is strongly dependent on the gene tree considered for this family. Indeed, just a few misplaced leaves in the gene tree can lead to a completely different history, possibly with significantly more duplications and losses. It is therefore important to have a preliminary method for "correcting” the gene tree, i.e. removing potentially misplaced branches. N. El-Mabrouk and C. Chauve introduced "non-apparent duplications" as nodes that are likely to result from the misplacement of one leaf in the gene tree. Simply put, such a node indicates that one or more triplets contradict the phylogeny given by the species tree. In this work, the problem of eliminating non-apparent duplications from a given gene tree by a minimum number of leaf removals is considered. Depending on the disposition of this type of nodes in the gene tree, the algorithm introduced leads to an O(nlogn) performance and an optimal solution in a best case scenario . The general case however is solved using an heuristic method.

Keyphrases: Bio-informatics, Algorithmics, Evolution Genomics, Gene Family, Reconciliation
Les facteurs de protection d’adolescents et d’adolescentes atteints d’un trouble de l’humeur et présentant un risque suicidaire

Adolescent suicide often represents the second or third leading cause of death for this age group throughout the world (AIPS, 2009). In order to prevent adolescent suicide, a better understanding of the factors associated with suicidal risk is necessary. The aim of this study was to identify the protective factors of adolescents with mood disorders and suicidal risk.  Life habits and psychosocial factors were evaluated by an auto-administrated questionnaire. The adapted version of the SAD PERSONS Scale (Patterson, Dohn, Bird & al, 1983) for children and adolescents (Juhnke, 1994) was used to evaluate the suicidal risk. The sample of this study included 101 teenagers, aged between 12 and 17 years old, who had a mood disorder and a suicidal risk. Descriptive analysis, T-tests, variance analysis (ANOVA), correlation analysis and multiple regressions were conducted to examine the relationship between the suicidal risk (dependant variable) and the life habits and psychosocial factors (independent variables). The results indicate that, for 12 to 17 year olds, being satisfied with the support received, having good parental support, having many different sources of reading, eating supper with their family frequently, not smoking cigarettes, not having many friends who smoke cigarettes, not drinking, not doing drugs and not drinking and doing drugs simultaneously can all act as individual protective factors for suicidal risk. On the other hand, the results of this study do not show any statistically significant relations between school habits, physical activity, sleep habits, self-esteem and suicidal risk for teenagers with mood disorders. Finally, examining protective factors seems to be useful in helping teens with mood disorders and suicidal risk. The results of this study encourage nurses to include protective factors in their evaluation of suicidal adolescents and interventions. Research and clinical recommendations are therefore suggested.

Keyphrases: Suicide, Adolescent, Teenager, Suicidal Risk, Mood disorder, Protective factors
La construction de l'espace relationnel chez l'enfant de 5 à 10 ans en lien avec l'ordinateur

Drawing on the perspective of the new social studies of childhood that recognizes children as social actors with powers of creation, this thesis seeks to understand how children build their relational space in connection with the computer. Following a series of interviews made with six young children, it seems that they populate their relational space by assigning roles to those around them (player, worker, teacher, learner, etc.) Moreover, three dimensions stood out, acting as binders of multiple trajectories (Massey, 2005) that coincide and, therefore, shape the child's relational space, namely irreconcilability, emancipation and affectivity. These three dimensions are, in my opinion, essential to fully understanding how the child develops and lives its relationships around the computer.

Keyphrases: Child, Appropriation of computer, Relational space, Roles, Irreconcilability, Emancipation, Affectivity
La réceptivité chez les adolescents agresseurs sexuels participant à une intervention de groupe basé sur la prévention de la récidive

This study aspires to give a better clinical understanding of certain responsivity factors underlying the level of openness and availability of three adolescents sexual offenders to a treatment program at the Centre of Forensic Psychiatry in Montreal. The literature on the matter also highlights that the concept of responsivity is complex and also multidimensional and it can play a role in the treatment’s effectiveness for young delinquents. Some criteria are thus likely to influence the degree of treatability and the path of evolution of the aggressor while in treatment, such as awareness of the problem, motivation, external support, hardness, neutralization, procrastination, their own attitude of victimization and several others. This paper finds itself in the same spirit of other researches, studying all the elements present in the genesis and evolution of the receptivity concept found in young sexual offenders, so that positive strategies could be elaborated to overcome the obstacles slowing down a positive outcome, evolution and treatment’s success. The investigation examines the hypothesis of the existence of a positive relationship between the treatment process and the different criteria of responsivity. A qualitative methodology during this study helped collect the data related to the responsiveness level that has been observed in each delinquent’s speech, but also through their behavior throughout the therapeutic process. The three cases presented latter revealed some resemblance on responsivity and responsiveness. We were able to establish a link between the degree of responsivity and the overall treatment as well as between the level of responsivity and the personal characteristics of each subject.  In the study’s conclusion, some clinical findings are assessed, including the placebo effect, natural evolution (maturation) in the teenage participants and other elements to take under serious consideration.

Keyphrases: Juvenile sex offenders, Juvenile delinquency, Sex crimes, Treatment, Group work, Responsivity, Readiness, Prévention, Prevention, Recidivism
Étude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène Indian Hedgehog et de son rôle dans l'ostéoarthrose

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder and is characterized by cartilage degradation and endochondral ossification. One in every ten Canadians is affected, yet its aetiopathogenesis remains unknown. In this present study, two new regulators of the IHH promoter, NFAT1 and PITX1, were studied. The downregulation of IHH expression by these factors could contribute to the OA pathogenesis. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway regulates chondrocyte growth and differentiation in the growth plate. Indian hedgehog (IHH), one of its members, stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and osteoblast differentiation. IHH is essential in skeletogenesis, osteoblastogenesis and cartilage growth.

Keyphrases: Indian Hedgehog, NFAT1, PITX1, gene regulation, osteoarthritis
Description des valeurs éthiques dans la politique de lutte contre le paludisme en Côte d’Ivoire

In the Ivory Coast, like in many developing countries, prevention and management of malaria has occupied a central place in public policy. Many studies evaluating the effectiveness and program costs are regularly conducted to provide tools in order to help improve decision-making for political actors. However, very few studies have examined the ethical dimensions of these programs. I therefore chose to explore the programs of prevention and treatment of malaria in Ivory Coast through an ethical perspective by examining the descriptive literature. The qualitative method was chosen for this purpose. This master’s thesis aims to demonstrate that the fight against malaria implicitly incorporates ethical values such as solidarity and promotion of life through healthcare. In addition, special measures including free access to prevention and care are provided in order to take into account the populations that are particularly vulnerable to malaria. The analysis will show how these measures have limitations in terms of equity. Finally, I demonstrate that these specific measures are generating or even accentuating social inequalities.

Keyphrases: malaria, prevention, ethics, fairness, values, social inequalities, health policies
Naissance de l'art performatif : étude sur les prémisses du moment romantique en Allemagne

The purpose of this art history dissertation is to shed new light on the relation between the philosophy of Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814) and the artistic practice of some of early German romanticism's leading figures, namely, Friedrich Schlegel (1772-1829), August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767-1845), Friedrich von Hardenberg (“Novalis,” 1772-1801), and Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840). Although this link has previously been established in the historiography on German romanticism, I contend that Fichte's importance to the romantic movement does not hinge on the content of his philosophical writings (i.e., the Wissenschaftslehre as a theory of subjectivity or as a theory of freedom), nor on Fichte's political beliefs (republicanism, egalitarianism, the universality of Right). Rather, the driving force behind the romantic project resides in the pragmatic dynamics of the Wissenschaftslehre itself, that is, on its communicational and pedagogical framework. In reference to the work of leading Fichte scholars publishing in the field of the history of philosophy, I argue that Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre consists in an original, self-referential representational system whose putative user is indexed within the very system he or she drives. In the final analysis, the reception of such a system coincides with its production, and both are a function of its performative character. In keeping with the epistemological framework of art history, I propose a reading of Fichte that makes use of two methodological approaches, namely, the semiology of representational systems (Louis Marin) and narratology (Gérard Genette, Mieke Bal). Based on this approach, I contend that the Schlegel brothers', Hardenberg's, and C. D. Friedrich's respective artistic practices make use of the Wissenschaftslehre's pragmatic dynamics in order to rethink the way in which pictorial or textual representations shape their beholders (both aesthetically and politically). Ultimately, this dissertation aims to contribute to current debates on the power of images in the modern context, and to understand Fichte’s and the romantics' heretofore unacknowledged contribution to the theory of the agency of images.

Keyphrases: Johann Gottlieb Fichte, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Friedrich Schlegel, Friedrich von Hardenberg, Caspar David Friedrich, Performativity, Agency of images, Reflexivity, Early German Romanticism, Wissenschaftslehre
Les critiques et les pratiques de l’oralité et de l’écriture dans la tradition philosophique grecque de l’Antiquité

When we read ancient philosophical works, often we are surprised to find that the Greek philosophers strongly criticize literacy, as we are still confronted with a written text. Is it not paradoxical to reject a technology while still using it? Or is the philosophers’ practice of literacy, as described in their works, consistent with their criticism? Is the philosophers’ practice of literacy, as described in their works, consistent with their criticism of it? This thesis aims to answer these questions, firstly, by comparing the ancient philosophers’ criticism of literacy to their practice of it, through the study of what various authors from various periods say about reading and writing. On the other hand, since earlier works on this topic have proposed that the classical period witnessed a sudden and, to a certain extent, definitive turn to literacy, and have tried to locate this turn in time, I have examined the situation in a broader perspective, over a longer period of time. The results show that, if we consider how philosophers criticize literacy and how they describe themselves in their own discourses, literacy patterns tended to remain similar until late Antiquity; and that, in spite of Aristotle's new use of literacy, the criticism we find in Plato lingers on. As a result, what we usually call the transition from an oral tradition to a written tradition could be better viewed as a cultural continuity. In spite of the commitment to writing recording of the Homeric poems, of the emerging of a book-centered religion, and notwithstanding an evident use of literacy, the ancient philosophical tradition testifies to a refusal, both theoretical and practical, of throwing away orality.

Keyphrases: Antiquity, Greece, History of philosophy, Orality, Literacy, Reading, Writing, Scholarly practice
L'exigence de coopération dans les contrats internationaux de franchise

The duty to cooperate is emerging as a new legal concept intended to facilitate the performance of contractual agreements. By broadening the principles of good faith or common interest, the notion of cooperation could be seen as analogical to the notion of affectio societatis in the right of societies? This notion has developed in particular to support the globalization of economic exchanges, not only as a guide for contracting parties in the proper administration of their relationship, but also as a mode of interpretation or for dispute resolution. The duty to cooperate is an innovative notion designed to create an implicit cooperative, no longer antagonistic , attitude among the parties. This is could be best demonstrated by examining its development in the field of international franchising : for example, the parties to an international franchising agreement must adjust their business plan to the local market and culture, which obviously necessitates a cooperative entrepreneurial attitude. The dut y to cooperate should be understood as a key element in the proper performance of contractual agreements. It has already been acknowledged as such normative compone nt in international contractual law where it serves as a suppletive law in those cases where the letter of the contract is insufficient.

Keyphrases: Duty to cooperate, Contractual cooperation, International franchising, Principes UNIDROIT, UNIDROIT principles, ICC standard agreement, Alternative dispute resolution, Arbitration
Les valeurs afférentes à la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés dans le discours judiciaire : utilisations et sources

In cases involving the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, judges include in their reasoning not only rights and freedoms, but also values. Among these Charter values we find protection of vulnerable groups, respect for the inherent dignity of human beings, cultivation oUndividual self-fulfillment and human flourishing, commitment to social justice and protection of privacy rights and reputation. Contrary to rights and freedoms, which are specifically enumerated in the Charter, values represent a creation of the judicial apparatus. Notwithstanding their inherent subjective component, values do not weaken the law's predictability nor do they endanger judicial reasoning concerning the Charter. On the contrary, applying values brings constancy and certainty in the interpretation of the Charter. On the one hand, Charter values are used in rigorous ways in the judicial review of constitutionality, in the adaptation of common law mIes and in the interpretation of laws and by-Iaws. Judges have recourse to more or less the same values, thus bringing stability in the Charter's analysis. On the other hand, judges are able to dissociate their personal beliefs from the values they caU upon in their judgments. Values drawn from contemporary social behaviors, international law and comparative law, as weU as political and legal philosophers' works, are values quite distant from judges' feelings, opinions and personal interests.

Keyphrases: Values, Canadian Charter, Sources, Sources, Utilizations, Free and democratic society, Interpretation
Les «Turcs» de Parc-Extension l'exemple d'un «ordre» communautaire

The object of this master thesis is to question the multiple social “prescriptions” that are present within an “ethnic community,” such as the Turkish community of the Parc-Extension area in Montreal. A central feature conducting this thesis is that formal law does not quite influence certain prescriptive family practices, which are highly normalized. These practices are differentiated through the distinct concepts of “custom,” “convention,” and “law” elaborated by the sociologist and jurist Max Weber. The fieldwork—which combines a participant observation as well as open-ended “comprehensive” interviews—leads to the conclusion that a community characterized by a strong group cohesion tends to insure the respect of these “prescriptions” that are generally “conventional.” Aimed mostly at women, these “prescriptions” can be found both within the public Turkish sphere and private one. Through efficient techniques of social control, these social conventions thus come to be more restricting than the rules instituted through state law. The key value behind these conventions is mostly linked to the importance of preserving honour within the family or ethnic community, whose members insure the protection and respect of these “conventions.”

Keyphrases: Conventions, Max Weber, Espace public
Étude de films de nanotubes de carbone dans le domaine de fréquences térahertz : propriété antiréfléchissante

In the present masters project, the goal is to study the optical interactions of carbon nanotube films (CNTFs) with terahertz (THz) waves. The THz absorption experiments made by time domain THz spectroscopy have been undertaken on thickness-variable films. CNTFs, which have their thicknesses range from 14 to 145 nm, are thin CNT layers that are piled one on another are deposited on a substrate (GaAs or silicon). First, a comparative characterization of film thicknesses is undertaken with AFM and with spectroscopic ellipsometry. Because of surface rugosity and film porosity which has the effect of complexifying the interaction of light with the films, AFM thicknesses are held for the rest of the analysis instead of those determined with ellipsometry. AFM measured thicknesses scale linearly with respect to nominal thicknesses that are proportional to the CNT density. CNTFs’ colors reveal to be correlated with their thicknesses. THz absorption experiments consist of taking the transmission spectrum of a broad band THz pulse through the samples. On the spectra, we also detect the reflection pulse, which is the echo of the main THz pulse inside the substrate separated by a time delay. The decrease of the main THz pulse with respect to the film thickness is non linear and reaches a saturation plateau for the thickest films. This finding is in direct relationship with four-point probe sheet conductivity measurements made on the films where a saturation is also observed from the same thicknesses. The reflection pulse loses amplitude more rapidly as the film thickness increases because of two additional wave passages in the film during reflection. Lastly, a quenching of the reflection pulse which is observed at a particular film thickness (100 nm for GaAs and 60 nm for silicon) demonstrates antireflection properties for the CNTFs.

Keyphrases: Nanotube de carbone, AFM, Absorption, Carbon nanotube, Vacuum filtration, Time domain, Terahertz spectroscopy, Antireflection, Fresnel coefficient, Optical impedance