NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Rôle des centrosomes dans la régulation du point de contrôle en G2/M en réponse aux dommages à l'ADN

Centrosomes function primarily as microtubule-organizing centres that play a crucial rôle in the equal segregation of chromosomes by organizing the bipolar spindle during mitosis. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of centrosomes in regulating G2/M transition during normal cell cycle progression. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that centrosomes also play roles in the DNA damage response and cell cycle checkpoint signalling by serving as “meeting points” where DNA-damage-responsive genes and cell cycle regulators communicate. Numerical centrosome aberrations, or centrosome amplification, is a common feature of most human cancers that promotes aneuploidy and is involved in tumorigenesis as well as tumor progression. Interestingly, centrosome amplification and fragmentation have also been shown to constitute a cellular response to impaired DNA integrity that triggers cell death by mitotic failure. Although their roles are critical in tumorigenesis and the DNA damage response, the mechanisms that regulate centrosome homeostasis and dynamics remain poorly understood.  To gain a better understanding of the role of the centrosomes in checkpoint regulation at G2/M transition in response to DNA damage; the recruitment and/or centrosomal activation of the kinases implicated in this checkpoint pathways were studied by indirect immunofluorescence on HeLaS3 cells or western blot on purified centrosomal fractions. Our results showed that the kinases CHK1, CHK2, ATM and ATR are activated at the centrosomes in cell synchronised in G2. However, after activation of the G2/M checkpoint, these activated kinases moved from centrosomes. Finally, to identify new centrosomal actors potentially involved in the regulation of this checkpoint, a comparative analysis of the proteome of purified centrosomes was also realized by mass spectrometry.  To study more specifically the function of CHK2 at the centrosomes, we developped molecular tools wich will serve to determine the role of the sub-population of CHK2 localized at the centrosomes in 1) in regulating entry into mitosis during unperturbed cell cycle progression, 2) in checkpoint regulation at G2/M transition in response to DNA damage induced by ionizing radiations and genotoxic drugs and 3) in centrosomal homeostasis and dynamics by regulating centrosomal amplification, fragmentation and clustering during normal cell cycle progression and in response to genotoxic drugs.  This study will further elucidate the importance of centrosomes in regulating the cell response to genotoxic stress induced by anti-cancer treatments and reveal potential new functions for the kinase CHK2 in unperturbed cell cycle progression and in response to DNA damage.

Keyphrases: centrosomes, cell cycle, DNA damages, Centrosomes
Représentation d'un polynôme par un circuit arithmétique et chaînes additives

An arithmetic circuit with inputs among x and the integers which has product gates and addition gates represents a univariate polynomial. We define the complexity of the representation of a polynomial by an arithmetic circuit as the minimal number of product gates required for this modelization. And we seek a lower bound to this complexity, with respect to the degree d of the polynomial.    An addition chain for d corresponds to an arithmetic circuit computing the monomial of degree d. Strassen's conjecture states that the minimal number of product gates required to represent a polynomial of degree d is at least the minimal length of an addition chain for d.  The generalized Strassen conjecture corresponds to the same statement where the indegree of the gates of the arithmetic circuit is g instead of 2.          The thesis consists, on the one hand, of the generalization of the concept of addition chains, and a study of the subject.  On the other hand, it is concerned with polynomials which can be represented with very few product gates (d-gems).  Both studies related to Strassen's conjecture are combined. In particular, we get new classes of circuits verifying the conjecture.

Keyphrases: Addition chains, Arithmetic circuit, Representation of polynomials
La representación literaria del "negro" en la Cuba de entre-siglos : Eliseo Altunaga y Marta Rojas (1990-2005)

The collapse and disappearance of the Soviet Union implied many transformations in the Cuban society, which altered the traditional construction of identity within the frame of the nation-state. It is in that context where alternative new discourses on “race”, racism and negritude emerged. The representation of the afro-descendent in the novels of the 1990’s and 2000’s poses enormous interest since the literary text has been one of the spaces where identity markers have been renegotiated. This dissertation explores how social discourses on cubanidad and negritude have an effect on the writers Eliseo Altunaga and Marta Rojas and their literary production.   Analyzing the works of Eliseo Altunaga y Marta Rojas, this thesis reconstructs their dialogues with Cuban literary historiography, the history of the island, and the discourses circulating around current ethno-racial debates. Altuanga and Rojas have opposed visualizations of Cuban history, and elaborate works and characters with marked ideo-aesthetic differences. Altuanga focuses on the search for an epistemological rupture in the conception of the Negro in the Cuban imaginary, emphasizing national historic events with black progratonists to reinforce the impression of continuity in their condition of subalternity. Rojas, on the other hand, turns to black and mulata protagonists to narrate the process of transculturation that has contributed, in her view, to the consolidation of contemporary Cuban cultural identity. From an intermediate space of enunciation between the first decades of the Revolution and the Special Period in Times of Peace, Rojas constructs a novelistic trilogy that signals the border separating pre- and post-revolutionary periods with respect to the treatment of the Negro.

Keyphrases: Race, Blackness, Cubanity, Mulatta, Ethnicity, Historic Novel, Blacks, Negritud, Cubanidad
Sur la validation des modèles de séries
chronologiques spatio-temporelles multivariées

In this master thesis, time series models are studied, which have also a spatial component, in addition to the usual time index. More particularly, we study a certain class of models, the Generalized Space-Time AutoRegressive (GSTAR) time series models. First, links are considered between Vector AutoRegressive models(VAR) and GSTAR models. We obtain explicitly the asymptotic distribution of the residual autocovariances for the GSTAR models, assuming that the error term is a Gaussian white noise, which is a first original contribution. From that result, test statistics of the portmanteau type are proposed, and their asymptotic distributions are studied. In order to illustrate the behaviour of the test statistics, a simulation study is conducted where GSTAR models are simulated and correctly fitted. The methodology is illustrated with monthly real data concerning the production of tea in west Java for 24 cities from the period January 1992 to December 1999.

Keyphrases: Multivariate time series, Portmanteau test statistic, Residual autocovariance matrices, Structured parameterization
Synthèse du LiXFePO4 par voie fondue et l’étude de la couche de carbone sur LiFePO4

LiFePO4 is a promising cathode material for Lithium-ion batteries. It provides high thermal stability and is synthesized using low cost materials. Unfortunately LiFePO4 suffers from a low electrical conductivity, which is harmful to its electrochemical performance. Decreasing the particle size or coating the particles with carbon increases the conductivity of the material. We have used a new synthetic method called molten synthesis to synthesize LiFePO4. The molten synthesis produces large crystals of LiFePO4 with no impurity detected via X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the synthesis of LiXFePO4 gives a mixture of pure LiFePO4 and Li-based impurities or LiFePO4 and Fe-based impurities whenever there is an excess of lithium or iron used. The particle size of the synthesized material is reduced via a Planetary Mill and numerous milling parameters were investigated. A carbon coating was then deposited on the surface of the milled material by thermally treating LiFePO4 with β-lactose. The influences of several parameters such as heat treatment temperature and/or heating duration were studied. These experiments were performed using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which provides the amount of heat and weight change during the heating of the sample. This new heating method for carbon coating gave rise to samples with similar electrochemical performance data as to the previously established heating method involving a tubular furnace.

Keyphrases: LiXFePO4, molten synthesis, planetary mill, LiXFePO4, particle size, carbon coating, Thermogravimetric Analysis
Étude par dynamique moléculaire de l'ablation par impulsions laser ultrabrèves de cibles nanocristallines

The ablation of nanocrystalline (mean crystallite size d = 3.1 and 6.2 nm) Al tar- gets by ultrashort (200 fs) laser pulses was studied using hybrid simulations combining molecular-dynamics and the two-temperature model (TTM) for a range of absorbed flu- ence of 100 to 1300 J/m2. Our simulations employ an EAM interatomic potential and the TTM-related electronic properties are modelled using three distinct functions to rep- resent the monocrystalline solid, the nanocrystalline solid, and the liquid in an accurate way. Comparison between targets displaying two mean grain sizes, porous targets, and monocrystalline targets are reported. This study showed a significantly reduced abla- tion threshold of 400 J/m2 instead of the 600 J/m2 obtained for the single crystals, the discrepancy being mainly accounted for by an increase in the magnitude of the pressure wave generated during ablation. The spallation threshold of the back side of the target is also reduced owing to a lower tensile strength (5.40 GPa against 7.24 GPa). This work also allowed to discover that residual stress generally associated with laser ablation is totally absent in nanocrystalline samples as crystal growth provides a mechanism for volume reduction near the melting temperature. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the melting threshold shows an important decrease and the melting depth an im- portant increase in the nanocrystalline samples which can be explained by their lower cohesion energy. Our simulations shed light on the fact that a realistic modelling of both structural and electronic properties of the nanocrystalline target is important to produce a reliable representation of laser ablation.

Keyphrases: Laser ablation, Nanocrystalline metals, Ultrashort pulses, Two-temperature model, Molecular dynamics
La perception de l'URSS dans quatre quotidiens français lors de l'émergence de l'Allemagne nazie, juin 1932 — mars 1934

Franco-soviet relations have been the object of new studies since the opening of Russian archives after the fall of communism in the early 1990's. This study aims to comprehend how the French press perceived the USSR and its relations with France between 1932 and 1934. This is a crucial period, as it corresponds to nazism's rise in Germany and to an improvement in franco-soviet relations.  Hitler's seizure of power had a major impact on both countries relationship, but this wasn't always fully or rapidly understood. Newspapers analyzed the situation through lenses tinted with political prejudice or financial interests. However, we observe a real evolution of their points of view over the 21 months studied here. This is because of the aggravation of the German threat, the policy than the USSR followed and the one of some of the French political leaders. To provide a relevant sample, we will look at four major newspapers : Le Figaro, Le Temps, Le Populaire and L'Humanité. Put together, these newspapers represent most of the French political panorama.  Right-wing newspapers became less and less wary of the USSR, but never totally gave up their apprehensions. The left-wing ones, though favorable to the improvement of the franco-soviet relationship, kept being skeptical about its outcome. This study is about perspective of the other being, medias role in a given society and the influence of political ideology.

Keyphrases: France, France, USSR, Germany, Press, relations, relations
"They always remain girls" : la re/production des rapports de genre 
dans les sports féminins au Québec, 1919-1961

This dissertation analyses women’s sports in Quebec from 1919 to 1961 from the golden age of women’s sport in Canada to the adoption of the Fitness and Amateur Sport Act by the federal government. It shows how gender relations have been re/produced in women’s sport by studying discourses and practices, while also considering the influence of class, ethnicity, and religion on women’s sport. The analysis studies first the way doctors, physical education teachers, and the Catholic Church conceived women’s participation in sport. The ideas of two active participants in women’s sport organization in Montreal, namely Myrtle Cook and Cécile Grenier, are then analyzed in order to see how they contested dominant discourses. Finally, women’s sports played at the Palestre and Young Women’s Christian Association, two sport centers of Montreal, are detailed in order to show the differences, but also some similarities, in sport organization in the Francophone and Anglophone communities.  This dissertation highlights the tensions ensuing from gender, class, ethnicity, and religion, all of which were present in discourses and practices. As elsewhere in North America, and even in Occident, dominant discourses on women’s sport in Quebec were not homogeneous, as different points of view contested them, and practices were numerous and varied. While taking part in the larger movement of women’s access to sport in Occident, discourses and practice in Montreal had also their own particularities because of the Catholic Church influence and the ethnic tensions. The province of Quebec is thus an interesting case study to highlight the complexity of re/production of gender relations in women’s sport. Moreover, women’s sport is a greatly stimulating research avenue to better grasp the entry of the province in modernity.

Keyphrases: XXe siècle, Young Women’s Christian Association, Women’s Sports, Gender, Ethnicity, Catholic Church
La constitutionnalisation du droit du travail et le pouvoir de réglementation de
l’employeur en contexte syndiqué : incidence des libertés fondamentales et des
droits à l’intégrité, à la dignité et à la vie privée

Issue : The effects of the « constitutionalization » of labor law on the arbitral review of employers’ regulatory power. Our research consists in evaluating the effects of the « constitutionalization » of labor law on employers’ regulatory power to establish corporate regulation related to work. Our research is limited to the unionized workplace and brings together two concepts: employers’ regulatory power which comes from their management rights and the « constitutionalization » of labor law. Our research concerns mainly the boundaries, both statutory and contractual, to employers’ regulatory power, which boundaries offer a legal framework to the application of said power. With regard to the « constitutionalization » of labor law, our research presents both its substance and effects on employers’ regulatory power. These effects are mainly consequences of the Supreme Court’s decision in the Parry Sound case, stating that every collective agreement benefits from an implicit content including all human rights and employment-related legislation. Thus, our research aims to demonstrate, while observing the arbitral jurisprudence, the extent to which the « constitutinalization » of labor law, in unionized workplaces, can modify the boundaries of employers’ regulatory power since they must now compose with fundamental standards that they have neither negotiated nor established. The central concept of our research is the arbitral review of employers’ regulatory power related to corporate regulation, wherein provisions 1, 3, 4 and 5 of the Charte des droits et libertés de la personne are likely to be found applicable. More specifically, our research aims to classify said arbitral review into two different logics: Logic 1 before Parry Sound and Logic 2 after Parry Sound. Therefore, our main hypothesis is that two logics exist when we refer to the arbitral review of employers’ regulatory power and that, when applying Logic II, the arbitral review is modified since the arbitrators tend to prioritize the compliance of the corporate regulation with the above-mentioned provisions of the Charte des droits et libertés de la personne.

Keyphrases: Charte des droits et libertés de la personne, Province of Québec, Management rights, Regulatory power, Constitutionalized labor law
Rôle des circuits cortico-striataux dans la planification et l'exécution de règles lexicales

Researches in humans and animals have pointed out the possible existence of a parallel anatomic organization in the core of cerebral networks which could coordinate the activity of different brain regions involved in the planning and execution of an action. Within this framework, the emerging model ascribes an anatomic dissociation to the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) based on the level of complexity of the working memory (WM) treatment. This model, namely, the complexity-dependent model, gives an important role to the lateral PFC in the acquiring and representation of the rules guiding our behaviors. This model has been corroborated by functional neuroimaging studies using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). These studies allowed dissociating three levels of complexity of the WM treatment, not restricted to the lateral PFC but also including sub- cortical structures, the basal ganglia (BG), suggesting that some BG nuclei would be topographically organized with the lateral PFC and would contribute to the same cognitive and motor functions. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the BG and the PFC’S contribution to the complexity-dependent model generalizes to different types of stimuli or whether their functions are dependent on the nature of stimuli in WM. To do so, a language version of the WCST was developed to suit a different cognitive domain, i.e. language. The pictograms were replaced with words and rules concerning forms, colors and numbers were substituted with semantic and phonological rules. Data analysis showed that the BG along with the PFC have differential role at different levels of WM processing complexity. In a second analysis, the activation patterns linked to the semantic and phonological conditions were evaluated. Those results indicated that the prefrontal networks seem to be coupled with executive processes needed to perform each condition whereas the employment of different language rules (semantic and phonological) activates specific regions of the phonological and semantic network.

Keyphrases: striatum, set-shifting, IRMf, Prefrontal cortex, language rules, semantic, phonology, fMRI
On the health and wellbeing of single working women without children : 
an analysis of scientific and lay discourse

This thesis examines interpretations of the health and wellbeing of single working women without children (SWWWC) in two types of discourse: that of published research in periodicals (scientific) and that of qualitative interviews with members of this group (lay). Demographically, this group’s numbers are significant (28% of employed Canadian women), however, its health and wellbeing is little visible in research. Within the social sciences, research is burgeoning on the challenging experience of being a single adult in couples-oriented cultures, emphasizing the stigma of this status and also how it may be unwittingly perpetuated through research practices. By defying normative expectations pertaining to coupled and family life, SWWWC appear a useful group from which to assess this claim. Drawing on both scientific and lay accounts allows an exploration of the tensions and convergences between them. Samples of 32 scientific articles and 22 interview transcripts were drawn on in the discourse analysis, guided by the concepts of interpretative repertoire (coherent ways of writing about a topic) and subject positions (identities). This research gave rise to three articles. The first analyzes common themes in the explanation of the health/wellbeing of this group in scientific research and identifies an interpretative repertoire termed the family as reference. This repertoire accounts for the frequent explanation of their health by referring to the states and characteristics of holding parental or partner roles. This could obscure their lives or cast them as relatively impoverished, reinforcing single woman stereotypes. Article 2 examines how members of this population construct their own wellbeing. It identifies notions of balance between various life spheres and a positioning as dynamic as central. These challenge understandings of singles/the childless as having lives lacking in breadth or fulfillment, or as untouched by issues of work-life balance. Article 3 brings the scientific and lay materials together over the topics of singleness and paid work in relation to health and wellbeing, highlighting their many similarities and differences. The possible functions of the various interpretations are theorized. I conclude that a more critical perspective on coupled/family status can offer public health research a point of added reflexivity.

Keyphrases: Statut marital, Marital status, Work, Health, Femmes, Women, Wellbeing, Discourse analysis, Identity, Single
Le rapport de l'Un et de l'intellect dans la centurie de Calliste Cataphygiotes

The present study is an analysis and an interpretative reconstruction of Callistus Cataphygiotes's syllogistic chapters, entitled The union with God and the contemplative life. Our approach to this multidisciplinary text is primarily philosophical. In order to emphasize the philosophical aspect of the text we focused our analysis on issues related to the concept of infinity, its role in contemplation, the relation of the intellect with the One, as well as the dialectical method used by Callistus Cataphygiotes. We rebuilt the doctrine of contemplation, implied in the text of Callistus and we tried to do a complete reconstruction of the text that will allow the reader to appreciate the speculative and the synthetic spirit of this almost unknown Byzantine mystic.

Keyphrases: Contemplation, Synergie, Synergy, Union, Intellect, Un, One, Infini, Infinity, Deification