NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Comparing tolerability profile of second generation antipsychotics in schizophrenia and affective disorders : a meta-analysis

Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are extensively prescribed for psychiatric disorders. Based on clinical observations, schizophrenia (SCZ) and affective disorders (AD) patients experience different SGAs side effects. The expanded use of SGAs in psychiatry suggests a need to investigate whether there is a difference in the incidence and severity of side-effects related to diagnosis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies reporting side effects of five SGAs (aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone) in the treatment of SCZ or AD. The metabolic and extrapyramidal side effects were collected separately for each group, and then were combined in a meta-analysis. Meta-regression and sub-analyses were also performed to investigate the role of different moderators (e.g., age, dose and gender). One hundred and seven studies were included in the analysis. Olanzapine induced a body weight gain significantly higher in SCZ patients than in AD patients. In addition, quetiapine treatment led to significantly higher LDL and total cholesterol mean change in the SCZ group relative to the AD group. Based on our results, the incidence of extrapyramidal side effects was more frequent in the AD group, except for olanzapine that caused more parkinsonism in SCZ patients. Our results suggest that SCZ patients may be more vulnerable to some SGA-induced metabolic disturbances, in which lifestyle risk factors and a possible inherent genetic vulnerability may play a role. Most of the studied SGAs caused more movement disorders in AD patients than in schizophrenics. It might be that an antipsychotic induces severity of side effect according to the phenotype.

Keyphrases: Second generation antipsychotics, Affective disorders, Schizophrenia, Metabolic syndrome, Extrapyramidal symptoms, Meta-analysis
Rapport des parents aux devoirs à la maison : milieux favorisés et milieux défavorisés

This study examines the difference between parents from disadvantaged areas and parents in more advantaged areas on their relationship to homework. The parents in lower class families face more obstacles during the homework process (Carvalho, 2009; Cooper, Lindsay et Nye, 2000; Dolle, 2007; Grolnick, Benjet, Kurowski, and Apostoleris, 1997; Hoover-Dempsey, Bassler et Brissie, 1992; Kronholz, 1997; Odum, 1994; Scott-Jones, 1984; Symeou, 2009). The participants were fourteen parents of children in two elementary schools, one in Montreal area (disadvantaged area) and one in the Laurentians (advantaged area). In order to compare, seven parents in each community were interviewed with a questionnaire that addresses issues relating to parental attitudes, opinions, sense of competence and the homework process. Data showed that doing homework is longer in disadvantaged area and conflicts are more prevalent in this area. Also, children’s motivation in disadvantaged area is lower than that of children in the other area. To support their child, parents in disadvantaged area appears to be more involved in homework. In addition, fathers’ support during homework seems to be more common in advantaged area, which would be caused by the fathers’ working conditions that are less favourable in disadvantaged area.

Keyphrases: Parent, Homework, Involvement, Elementary, School, Family, Parent, Process, Issue, Disadvantaged, Advantaged
Étude de l'attention spatiale en condition d'interférence émotionnelle chez les enfants avec un trouble autistique

Autism is characterized by a social deficit, including difficulties in using and responding to facial expressions and gaze. Previous studies showed that fearful faces elicit a rapid involuntary orienting of spatial attention towards their location in typically developing (TD) individuals. In addition, target faces with direct gaze are detected faster and more efficiently than those with averted gaze in TD individuals. The aim of the current study is to explore the effect of fear and gaze direction (direct vs averted) on spatial attention in children with autistic disorder (AD). Six children with AD performed a covert spatial orienting task. Each trial consisted of a pair of faces (fearful/neutral with direct/averted gaze) briefly presented followed by a target presented at the location of one of the faces. Participants had to judge the location of the target (right or left visual field). The target unpredictably appeared on the side of the emotional face (fear, direct) (valid condition) or on the opposite side (neutral, averted) (invalid condition). Our results show that fearful faces have an interferent effect on the performance of AD children and divert attention from their location.

Keyphrases: Emotion, Gaze, Autism, Spatial attention, Face perception, Fear
Les sûretés mobilières sur les biens incorporels : propositions pour une rénovation du système des sûretés mobilières en France et au Québec

Pledge has emerged as a model for creating a security in movable property for two reasons: for historical reasons on the one hand, because of the traditional prohibition against hypothecating movable property, and for technical reasons on the other hand, given the progressive enlargement of the notion of delivery, often involving a legal fiction. Pawning, however, is not well adapted to incorporeal property. Indeed, an analysis of various attempts at legislative reform in France and in Québec shows that delivery, once conceived of as physical delivery, has always been envisaged as an essential condition for the validity and publicity of pawning. Legislation in France and in Québec evolved towards a fictitious conception of delivery by admitting of exceptions or special regimes in which delivery did not fulfill its essential purpose: ensuring that third parties have sufficient notice of the existence of the pledge. Such peculiar forms of delivery have introduced inconsistencies and generated uncertainty in the law, with negative consequences for the entire legal regime of secured transactions. Therefore, it is proposed that the movable hypothec without delivery be extended in such a way as to include a security in incorporeal property; however, this requires that the notion of a value claim be recognised. The concept of property should be redefined as the appropriation of a thing with economic value, a thing that need not possess a physical or incorporeal envelope. As for the concept of a movable security, it might be given a unitary definition as a mechanism with a specific function and a specific purpose. Its function would consist in using the value of an item of movable property or a universality of such items for a specific purpose, namely the preferential or exclusive payment of a given creditor. Such purpose may be understood from the perspective of the essence of the operation. Every legal operation (transaction) might henceforth be characterised as a movable security if its essential purpose – without regard to the language used by the parties – is to secure payment of an obligation. A common definition for all forms of corporeal or incorporeal movable security and a single set of rules for their validity and opposability would insure the coherence and efficiency of French and Québec movable security law. It would encompass ownership-based forms of security, trust-based forms of security and other forms of movable security such as the right of retention.

Keyphrases: Pledge, Movable hypotec, Delivery, Securated transactions, Bien incorporel, Incorporeal properties, value, essence of operation, Securities, Technique fiduciaire, Trust, retention, retention
Rôle de l’acétylation/déacétylation des histones dans la régulation de l’expression des gènes de la COX-2, iNOS et mPGES-1 dans les tissus articulaires

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritic diseases in the world. It is primarily characterized by the loss of articular cartilage and inflammation of the synovial membrane. Interleukin (IL)-1ß is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a major role in the pathogenesis of OA. It induces the expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO). The later (PGE2 and NO) contribute to articular cartilage destruction and synovitis through their pro-inflammatory, pro-catabolic, anti-anabolic, pro-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation play a crucial role in gene expression. Among these modifications, histone acetylation is the most studied. Histone acetylation is determined by two types of enzymes: histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) which activate and repress transcription, respectively. The purpose of these studies is to examine the role of HDAC enzymes in the regulation of COX-2, mPGES-1, and iNOS expression. We demonstrated that HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaBu), suppressed the Il-1ß-induced transcription and translation of COX-2 and iNOS, as well as the production of PGE2 and NO in chondrocytes. The inhibitory effect of HDACi on transcription does not affect the binding activity of NF-κB (nuclear factor κ B) to DNA. Treatment with TSA and NaBu also inhibited the Il-1ß-induced degradation of proteoglycan in cartilage explants.  We also showed that HDACi, TSA, NaBu and valproic acid (VA), suppressed IL-1-induced-mPGES-1 expression and the production of PGE2 in synovial fibroblasts. Our data indicated that HDAC4 is involved in Il-1ß-induced expression of mPGES-1. HDAC4, through its deacetylase activity, up-regulated the transcriptional activity of Egr-1 (early growth factor-1), a principal transcription factor for the expression of mPGES-1. From our studies we propose that HDAC inhibitors can be used in the treatment of OA.

Keyphrases: Osteoarthritis, chondrocyte, synovial fibroblasts, Il-1ß, COX-2, mPGES-1, PGE2, iNOS, NO, inflammation, NF-κB, Egr-1, HDAC, HDAC4
Les relations internationales soviétiques à l’ère de la sécurité collective : étude comparée de l’historiographie et de manuels de Cégep

This thesis aims to be an alloy of historical and theoretical knowledge and of their implementation in a collegial academic context. Its main purpose is to compare the scholarly historiography content, written by historians, researchers, to an extract of four College Manuals, written by teacher training historians, about Soviet international relations at the era of collective security.

Keyphrases: diplomatie, Litvinov, Foreign policy, international relations, collective security, USSR, Soviet Union, Russia, Stalin
Les déterminants de l’usage du français en milieu de travail au Québec

Most researches on the use of French in the workplace tend to adopt a methodological perspective that aims to identify the determinant factors of the use of French in the workplace. In this paper, we intend to change this perspective by attempting instead, to apprehend the main contexts in which people relate to declare French as their language of work.  We make the assumption that declaring French as the main language of work result of both contextual and distinct linguistic practices. To meet this research objective, we draw data from a survey conducted in 2007 by the Office of the French Language in Quebec. Based on this survey,  we have selected five contexts to which people relate to when using the French language in the workplace: workshop, reading of documents produced by the company, communication with the outside world, communication with immediate supervisors, and the use of technology of information. Thus, we have limited ourselves to the study of workers that have to communicate with supervisors, read documents produced by their company, participate regularly in meeting, use software, and finally communicate with other people from the outside. Our analysis reveals that, beyond individual characteristics and the general context of the workplace, these contextual uses of language in the workplace predict the best statement of the language of workers. When it comes to declare the main language of work, workers seem mainly to refer to the language they use in meetings, in the language of reading documents produced by the company in communications with immediate superiors and to use language versions of software and communications with customers and suppliers outside of Quebec.

Keyphrases: workplace, mother tongue, home language, contextual uses, skills
Anaerobic Digestibility of Microalgae : Fate and Limitations of Long Chain Fatty Acids in the Biodegradation of Lipids

Anaerobic digestion is a biological process in which an anaerobic microbial consortium converts organic matter into biogas, primarily methane and carbon dioxide.  Among the organic substrates, lipids are the most productive of methane in comparison to carbohydrates and proteins; but their degradation is very difficult, due to their hydrolysis which can be the limiting step.  Algae can be an important source for methane production because of their potentially high content of lipids. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the methane production of microalgae using the Biochemical methane Potential (BMP) technique and to identify the limit of biodegradation of lipids in the anaerobic digestion. The experimentation plan was divided into the following stages: 1) Compare the energy potential in methane of macroalgae versus microalgae.  2) Screen different species of freshwater and marine microalgae to compare their methane potential.  3) Determine the impact of mild pretreatment of targeted microalgae on the methane production.  4) Identify the limits of biodegradation of algal lipids in the anaerobic digestion by studying kinetics limiting steps of lipids and individual LCFA (Long Chain Fatty Acids). The results showed that microalgae produce more methane than macroalgae.  The BMP of freshwater and marine microalgae showed no difference in terms of methane yield.  The results of pretreatment showed that the thermal (microwave) pretreatment seemed to be more effective than the chemical (alkaline) pretreatment.  A BMP control test done on palm oil, macadamia oil and fish oil showed that the hydrolysis of oils in glycerol and LCFA was not the limiting step in the production of methane.  The addition of fat in the samples of defatted Phaeodactylum increased the methane yield and this augmentation was correlated to the quantity of fat added.

Keyphrases: Anaerobic Digestion, Microalgae, Long Chain Fatty Acids, Inhibition
Identification et caractérisation des protéines responsables de l’entrée en phase M chez Lingulodinium polyedrum

Dinoflagellates are unicellular eukaryotes that constitute a large part of the phytoplankton. They are major contributors to the global photosynthesis and primary production and they possess an important role in conservation of marine ecosystems. Dinoflagellates are distincted from other eukaryotes by their unique biology and nuclear organization. During mitosis, their nuclear envelope stays intact and chromosome segregation is done by a mitotic spindle that passed through the nucleus inside several specialized cytoplasmic channels. In addition, the chromosomes are permanently condensed and are not thought to have histones. Lingulodinium polyedrum is a marine photosynthetic dinoflagellate widely used to study the control mechanisms of circadian rhythms, because many aspects of its physiology (bioluminescence, mitosis, photosynthesis and vertical migration) are circadian. The discovery of cell cycle regulators is essential for understanding the mechanism and the circadian control over the cell cycle. A previously study identified the M-phase cyclin, LpCyc1, the first dinoflagellate cell cycle regulator to be discovered. The present study presents the characterization of the LpCyc1, with respect to expression levels and phosphorylation patterns. These elements act together to ensure the synchronization of the LpCyc1 activity (and the mitosis) within the day. This study also presents the creation and the development of the transcriptome, a major tool for the upcoming studies of Lingulodinium polyedrum. With this tool, we identified the Lingulodinium polyedrum M-CDK, LpCdk1. The LpCdk1 has all the domains of a classic M-CDK, a substrate binding site, an ATP binding site, an activation loop and a cyclin binding interface. vi With the Lingulodinium polyedrum transcriptome, we also made a census of all the conserved proteins normally found in the cell cycle control of yeast. The identification of these proteins had provided a rough shape of L. polyedrum cell cycle. This kind of analysis is the first to be made with Lingulodinium polyedrum and could be expanded to other metabolic processes.

Keyphrases: Lingulodinium polyedrum, CDK, LpCyc1, Transcriptome, Dinoflagellates, Cell cycle, Circadian rythm, Mitosis
"Faites un roi, sinon faites la guerre" : l’Action française durant la Grande Guerre (1914-1918)

L’Action française was a significant ideological and intellectual movement in the French Third Republic’s political and cultural history. With its nationalist and antirepublican rhetoric, its flashy political activism and its daily newspaper, it advocated the idea of the restoration of the French monarchy to replace the democratic government, which it considered deleterious. However, it put its royalist agenda on hold during the Great War and refocused on its patriotism. L’Action française backed the governments of the firmly republican Union Sacrée throughout the war and became one of the staunchest allies against the threats to the nation, whether internal or external. At the end of the war, L’Action française had become an acknowledged political actor and had acquired intellectual notoriety. Though significant, this turnaround has nonetheless received little attention in the movement’s historiography. This thesis aims to examine L’Action française’s political journey and ideological evolution based on an analysis of politically-flavored columns published in its daily newspaper between 1914 and 1918 and reports of investigations by the French Department of the Interior (Sûreté générale). This study depicts a rather colorful portrait of the movement’s path and evolution. While L’Action française’s theoreticians and newspaper acquired a great fame thanks to their views and efforts moved by national interest, its political activism was practically destroyed by the military mobilization. Moreover, despite adhering in principle to the political truce brought by the Union Sacrée, it never gave up on its ideological criticism of the republican regime and the promotion of its royalist agenda. Studying the French political scene during the Great War and the role L’Action française reveals this ambiguity while illustrating the singularity of the period’s major debates.

Keyphrases: Union sacrée, Action française, Charles Maurras, Nationalism, Royalism, First World War, Great War, Third Republic
L’exercice du raisonnement clinique d’infirmières du programme SIPPE lorsqu’elles priorisent leurs interventions auprès de familles qui vivent en contexte de vulnérabilité

The goal of this qualitative study was to explore the clinical reasoning of primary care nurses in CLSC/CSSS when they set priorities for their interventions with vulnerable families as part of the Integrated Perinatal and Early Childhood Services (SIPPE) program. This case study comprises a purposeful sample of seven postnatal care episodes involving two nurses and seven families. Data were collected using the think-aloud method, followed by semi-structured interviews with nurses. Qualitative data analysis was performed using interpretive methods and category counting. The resulting categories and patterns were developed based on Tanner's (2006) model of clinical judgement in nursing and Fonteyn's (1998) clinical reasoning patterns.  Study results suggest that clinical reasoning processes do not differ according to the type of priority, whether the situation is more or less urgent. Moreover, there is diversity in the types of clinical reasoning employed within the seven care episodes; and it appears that a narrative reasoning process is favoured. If a family's needs are urgent, nurses prioritize these needs. When conditions indicate that there is greater potential for vulnerability, a more systematic form of clinical reasoning, identified here as «collecting data to form relationships and to present a proposal for action», is used to prioritize interventions. This pattern is more likely when a first child is involved and when the family is less likely to turn to other support resources. Otherwise, if this is a second child and the family uses other resources, the nurse tends to apply routine SIPPE interventions. Finally, our results suggest that a systemic view of a family's living circumstances, rather than keeping the focus on the infant's well-being, could make it more difficult to set intervention priorities.  This study highlights nurses' ongoing commitment to families facing significant challenges. However, it is important to support the development of a broader inventory of clinical reasoning processes to bolster nurses' capacity to prioritize interventions that take place in contexts of multiple organizational constraints.

Keyphrases: population vulnérable, Clinical reasoning, primary care nursing services, vulnerability, vulnerable population, early intervention, think-aloud method, intervention priorities
L’extraction de phrases en relation de traduction dans Wikipédia

Working with comparable corpora can be useful to enhance bilingual parallel corpora. In fact, in such corpora, even if the documents in the target language are not the exact translation of those in the source language, one can still find translated words or sentences.  The free encyclopedia Wikipedia is a multilingual comparable corpus of several millions of documents. Our task is to find a general endogenous method for extracting a maximum of parallel sentences from this source. We are working with the English-French language pair but our method -- which uses no external bilingual resources -- can be applied to any other language pair. It can best be described in two steps. The first one consists of detecting article pairs that are most likely to contain translations. This is achieved through a neural network trained on a small data set composed of sentence aligned articles. The second step is to perform the selection of sentence pairs through another neural network whose outputs are then re-interpreted by a combinatorial optimization algorithm and an extension heuristic.  The addition of the 560~000 pairs of sentences extracted from Wikipedia to the training set of a baseline statistical machine translation system improves the quality of the resulting translations.  We make both the aligned data and the extracted corpus available to the scientific community.

Keyphrases: Corpus comparables, Sentence alignment, Neural networks, Comparable corpora, Classifiers, Statistical machine translation, Combinatorial optimization algorithms