NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Étude de la collection des bronzes découverts à Argilos.

The archaeological excavations that took place between 1992 and 2018 have allowed the discovery of a monumental amount of bronze artifacts. Accounting for nearly 750 artifacts, the collection of Argilos bronze objects illustrates several aspects of life, daily, domestic and commercial, which animated Argilos from its foundation in the 7th century BC until when Philipp II conquered the city, in 357 BC. The study of this material, never published before, will give the opportunity, first of all, to gather all of our knowledge related to the Greek metallurgical industry. All the steps prior to the manufacture of a finished product are covered in that first section. The second part of this thesis consists of the census in a detailed catalog of each artefact unearthed at Argilos. Thus, it will allow to complete and confirm the information recorded in the tenth volume of the Olynthe excavations, that is to say the most recent catalog on the subject. The analysis of the spatial distribution of this material allows us to develop our understanding of the archaeological site in terms of the use of the buildings, their construction and the daily activities that took place there. Finally, a stylistic analysis validates several hypotheses and permits the development of several assumptions about the place occupied by Argilos in regional and Mediterranean trade, and the composition of the population that inhabits it.

Keyphrases: bronze, Argilos, vie quotidienne, relations commerciales, bronze, metallurgy, Northern Greece, daily life, trade relations, spatial distribution, stylistic analysis, archaic period, classical period, archaeology
Le travail des fonctionnaires internationaux du Bureau du Représentant spécial du Secrétaire général de l’ONU chargé de la question des violences sexuelles commises en période de conflit en République démocratique du Congo.

Our study focuses on the work achieved by international civil servants at the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict (SRSG-SVC), regarding the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) through the prism of the Weberian bureaucracy. Based on six semi-directive interviews and the analysis of United Nations public sources, this study aims to providing perspectives on the views of the Office’s officials in relation to their missions and the means at their disposal to carry them out. This academic work also focuses on the scope of the work of the RSSG-VSC Office in the DRC, from the point of view of these international officials based in headquarters. So far, no qualitative studies had been conducted on the topic of the work of these civil servants. In addition to that, the Secretary-General’s annual reports drafted by this Office do not provide an understanding of the full scope of the work done in the DRC. Thus, this research project seeks to fill this gap.   The analysis of the data collected shows that the creation of the mandate would have been premeditated: indeed, despite several Security Council resolutions and call for the end to conflict-related sexual violence, these crimes continue to be perpetrated. Thus, the mandate of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict would have enabled the creation of the mandate of the SRSG-SVC, through advocacy work combined with multiple calls from the international community. The mandate’s goals which are ending conflict-related sexual violence around the world by helping to free victims’ voices, ensuring their reintegration into communities, filling gaps and strengthening knowledge about these crimes are shared by all respondents. In addition, the vision of their work within the Office is unanimously shared. However, respondents’ views differ when addressing the scope of the Office’s actions. The mandate still faces many challenges to end rape in war.

Keyphrases: Conflict-related sexual violence, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Office of the Special representative of the Secretary-general on sexual violence in conflict, International civil servants, United Nations, Women, Peace and Security
Les politiques publiques face aux investissements directs étrangers en Afrique : étude comparée de la Namibie et de la République du Congo

These last twenty years were marked by flows of foreign direct investments (FDI) between globalized economies. The continent of Africa is more marginalized than other regions. It could be explained by various factors like resources or public policies. Indeed, several countries have public policies towards FDI more or less reluctant. This present paper is focused on why countries adopt this type of public policy. Based on Susan Strange’s British approach and Mills’ difference method, I compare the Republic of Congo, which has incentive policies for FDI and Namibia with public policies which are more limited. On the one hand, this difference in public policies towards FDI is explained by colonization and the relations they have with their former colonial countries. On the other hand, the international institutions also influence the behaviour of these two countries in their relations with foreign investors. For this study, I focused on the UN and the IMF. These have thus intensified the behaviour of these countries towards FDI.

Keyphrases: Public policies, Foreign direct investment, Africa, Namibia, Republic of Congo, Settlement, International institutions
Le sécessionnisme durant la crise économique espagnole : une étude comparée de la mobilisation basque et catalane entre 2008 et 2014

In 2012, in the midst of an economic crisis, the autonomous government of Catalonia called snap elections, seeking for the first time since Spain’s return to democracy following the death of the dictator Francisco Franco, a strong majority in order to lead the region towards secession. At roughly the same time, the Basque secessionist armed group, Euskadi Ta Askatasuna, announced the end of its decades-long murderous campaign, which had claimed over 800 lives. If the Basques have long been accused of being more separatist than the Catalans, these new developments suggested a role reversal for both secessionist movements. By drawing from the literature on social movements and secession, the aim of this study is to explain this phenomenon. We will firstly show that the economic and institutional structures framing for the regions and their relations with the central state made it that the Spanish economic crisis (2008-2014) offered a political opportunity structure for the success of Catalan secessionism, whereas this was not the case in the Basque Country. Secondly, we will demonstrate that the lack of synchronicity between both regions’ processes of pacifying their political violence cleavages played a decisive role in determining the capacity for nationalists to cooperation on the national questions, thereby affecting the potential for secessionist mobilization. Finally, we will see that, due to the structures presented throughout this work, the secessionist frames used by the strategic claimants and the consistent champions of secession were more relevant and credible in Catalonia than in the Basque Country, which explains the opposite levels of transversal resonance of the secessionist discourse.

Keyphrases: Catalonia, Basque Country, Spain, Economic crisis, Secession, Secessionism, Social movements, Mobilization, Political process, Political opportunity structure, Political violence, Cleavages, Framing processes, Resonance
Le rôle des aspirations et références dans le processus de conception des espaces publics en milieu urbain informel : le cas de Canaan, Haïti

The earthquake that occurred on January 12, 2010, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti caused the displacement of thousands of people. Today, more than 250,000 people, most of whom were affected by the earthquake, have settled in Canaan, a new informal settlement on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince. Simultaneously with the built environment, the inhabitants took the initiative to design and build public spaces. Typically, the construction of public spaces in informal settlements is relegated to the background in the face of precarious living conditions. However, reports show that the Canaanites aspire to make this territory a “real” city and a healthy community. This exploratory research project argues that aspirations and references have a role in the design process of public spaces in Canaan. At the same time, it examines the consideration of aspirations and references in the proposed redevelopment of some public spaces as part of the Canaan Upgrading and Community Development (CUCD) program, a collaboration between several NGOs. Three publics spaces studied are place Horeb, place Astrel and place Zanmitay. This study shows there is no direct link between public space references and the design process. Moreover, the inhabitants’ aspirations are not particularly about public spaces, rather than their environment. Finally, the consideration for Canaanites’ aspirations and references was limited during the CUCD project.

Keyphrases: Canaan, informal establishment, urban aspiration, public space, Haiti, reference, environmental design
Quel est l’apport d’un observatoire photographique pour la protection et la mise en valeur des paysages : le cas des lanières agricoles de la MRC de Memphrémagog

In 1986, Memphrémagog Regional County Municipality (MRCM) mandated SOTAR, an urban planning firm, to characterize landscapes of special interests (SOTAR, 1986) as defined in Quebec Act respecting land use planning and development. An extensive photographic library was collected during the 1986 mandate. This exceptional database of 600 slides allows a description of the landscape elements contributing to the distinctive character of the MRCM.  Informed about the potential benefits of the photographic database, MRCM instituted, in partnership with the University of Montreal, a landscape photographic observatory to define how the observatory can be use to understand and document the evolution of landscapes of interest.  The present master’s thesis analyses the evolution of the sites contained in the agricultural strips identified in the 1986 SOTAR study. The analysis was conducted using the general method for photographic observatories (Guittet 2016). Data for the analysis was obtained from 16 sites and interviews with 20 rural stakeholders.  The analysis documents the progressive disappearance of agricultural strips. The decrease in farming activities in portions of the territory led to the disappearance of barns, a restriction in visual perspective and the arrival of non-farming population. The study highlights the importance of understanding the social context in the transformation of rural landscapes.

Keyphrases: Landscape, Heritage, Rural environment, Photographic observatory
Describing and understanding team integration in new product development : a case study

As new product development continues to change, designers appear increasingly involved in multi- disciplinary teams from the outset of project inception. This is due to the progressively challenging, multifaceted, and complex problems design must resolve. After all, no single individual possesses the knowledge to create most new products. Companies depend on the teamwork of individuals with different knowledge bases who come together as a single design group. In breaking down silos and creating these integrated teams, overall effectiveness is threatened by their ability to communicate, negotiate, and develop a shared understanding of their goals and means of achieving them. As a junior designer, team dynamics can be intimidating. Bridging different and sometimes conflicting individual views is challenging. Tougher still is reflecting on and describing dynamics as they happen in practice. Without the ability to explain dynamics, identifying and improving team integration seems nearly impossible. As such, this research aims to address these constraints by finding a way to describe and better understand team integration in action. To accomplish this, a theoretical framework is developed to explore designer involvement, managing complexity, teamwork, and effective team integration. From this, a qualitative case study is conducted to reflect on teamwork in action using a Research-through-Design approach. This places design practice in the centre of research and allows the researcher to also play the role of a newly integrated designer. It relies extensively on journal entries and participative observations in order to create a story of designer involvement in new product development. In interpreting the data through an empirical categorisation of factors that are said to influence the development of a shared understanding (Kleinsmann, Valkenburg, & Buijs, 2007), a working description and reflection of team integration was achieved. In addition, this research proposes some amendments that aim to improve the framework and enable other junior designers to better observe, describe, and reflect on team dynamics in the future. This research therefore hopes to contribute by supporting designers in improving their ability to work effectively within multi-disciplinary new product development teams.

Keyphrases: Collaboration, Product Design, Team integration, Teamwork, Team Dynamics, Research-through-Design
Autochtones et nouveaux immigrants, une communauté de destin?

What is the state of relationships between Aboriginal people and new immigrants in Canada? Is there a community of destiny between the newly arrived populations in Canada and the first peoples who were there before the arrival of European settlers? Beyond their difference, are there historical, cultural or spiritual similarities between these two “groups”? These are the questions to be answered in this research by focusing on mixed marriages between Aboriginal and recent immigrants. After reviewing the history of the relations between these two entities and their evolution until today, and presenting the issues and concepts related to the notion of mixed couple, we will analyze the samples of various interviews with members of mixed unions between Aboriginal people and new immigrants and their children, in order to find some answers to our questions and to try to establish facts concerning this type of unions. This research work will focus less on couples as such than on the feelings they inspire in their entourage and the communities to which they belong. Many points will be expressed in this memoir, especially the question of the meeting, of the education of the children or the intercultural strategies put in place by the members of these couples to overcome the possible difficulties that they have to face in their daily life.

Keyphrases: Aboriginal, Indigenous, New immigrants, Mixed marriage, Intercultural
Les fonctions attentionnelles et exécutives chez les enfants et les adolescents ayant un trouble développemental de la coordination et l’influence des troubles comorbides : Une recension systématique des écrits

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the development and acquisition of motor skills. Several studies have shown impaired attentional and executive functions in individuals with this disorder, which would further impair their daily functioning. In addition, the presence of neurodevelopmental comorbidities is common in this population and certainly influences the cognitive profile of the children concerned. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify the attentional and executive deficits of children and adolescents with DCD and to better understand the influence of comorbid disorders on these functions within this disorder. Experimental studies on attentional and/or executive functions in children and adolescents with DCD were identified through the PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO databases according to several pre-established eligibility criteria. Thirty-eight articles satisfied the inclusion criteria, covering a total of nine attentional and executive domains. The results generally reveal weaknesses in inhibitory control, working memory, planning, nonverbal fluency, and general executive functioning. The presence of comorbid conditions in samples of children with DCD may have influenced the results regarding verbal working memory. These conclusions help to better understand the cognitive impairments that may be part of DCD and to better identify the needs of these children in order to optimize the interventions performed with them.

Keyphrases: Developmental coordination disorder, Dyspraxie, Dyspraxia, Executive functions, Attention, Child, Adolescent, Systematic review, Clinical neuropsychology
Étude de l’association entre les traits de la personnalité limite et la suicidalité chez les adolescents de 12 à 15 ans

Suicidality (suicidal ideations with or without a plan, suicide attempts) is a very important issue in adolescence. Adolescents with borderline traits (BT) represent a high-risk group for suicidality. It is also widely recognized that hopelessness, depressive, anxiety and externalizing symptoms increase the risk of suicidal ideations and suicide attempts. Theoretical models suggested a mediating effect of mental disorders/symptoms between personality characteristics similar to BT and suicidality in adolescence. However, previous studies did not examine this research question. In this present thesis, the integration of theoretical considerations provides a new conceptual framework regarding the mediating role of internalizing and externalizing problems in the relation between BT and suicidality in adolescents aged 12 to 15 years.  The objective of the first article of the thesis was to examine the role of four mediators (hopelessness, depressive, anxiety and externalizing symptoms) in the association between BT and suicidality. The aim of the second article was to extend this question by analyzing the role of seven specific problems in boys and girls: hopelessness, depression, social phobia, generalized anxiety, attention deficit/hyperactivity, opposition and conduct symptoms. The integration of certain hypotheses from theoretical models allowed to suggest hypothetical mediational pathways.   With regard to the methodology, mental health problems were assessed by the Dominic Interactive for Adolescents-Revised and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. A path analysis was conducted using a sample of 446 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years recruited from school and clinical settings from Montreal.  The model obtained from path analysis showed a good fit to the data suggesting the plausibility of pathways. A direct association was observed between BT and the DIA-R Sucidality Scale. As hypothesized, several mental health problems intervened as mediating variables in this relation. Depressive symptoms explained the mediating effect of hopelessness, anxiety and externalizing symptoms. This effect was observed in girls and boys. In addition, the results highlighted that the indirect association between BT, hopelessness and suicidality was more important in girls. The indirect relation between BT, social phobia symptoms, hopelessness and suicidality was also more important in girls. In conclusion, this doctoral thesis contributed to extend our knowledge about the association between BT and suicidality, in girls and boys aged 12 to 15 years. The suggested integrative conceptual framework could help clinicians to early identify mental health problems to prevent the suicidal risk.

Keyphrases: adolescents, Borderline traits, suicidality, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, externalizing symptoms, Dominic Interactive for Adolescents-Revised, adolescents
Fondements normatifs des inégalités
environnementales pour l’analyse économique :
définition et enjeux

The article proposes a presentation of the different possible normative foundations for an economic analysis of environmental inequalities. For this purpose, the article begins by putting the analysis of inequalities in a context of fairness economics. Four different forms of environmental inequality that can provide a basis for the normative consideration of environmental inequalities in economics are then presented. Finally, the different trade-offs between this normative goal of justice and those concerning other valuable aspects of a society are presented. All in all, the article provides a guide for the economic analysis of environmental inequalities from a normative perspective.

Keyphrases: Environmental inequalities, Environmental justice, Norms, Principles of justice, Fairness economics
Agencia y pobreza por entidad federativa en México

In this work we try to contribute to the understanding of the causes of poverty in Mexico. We consider that it is a multidimensional phenomenon where not only material but also non-material variables are present. We highlight the importance of agency in the capabilities approach as a variable to explain poverty in Mexico. As an agency proxy, responsibility has been used in its three dimensions, responsibility after, before and towards others. To measure poverty, the deficiencies in health, education and housing space are used, based on two types of data: a) from the household survey and the special module of the 2014 work, and b) from the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (Coneval) of 2010 and 2016. Based on the exploratory analysis of spatial data, the existence of spatial autocorrelation and the existence of clusters of states whose poverty levels are associated with levels of responsibility are evaluated. The results indicate that the levels of total and moderate poverty can be explained by the previous responsibility of the labor context and by the lack of income, but not by extreme poverty.

Keyphrases: Agency, Capabilities, Poverty, Philosophy, Philosophie, Ethics, Éthique, Economics
Le don pur et parfait

The gift, theorized by Marcel Mauss, has been mainly integrated into economics in its malevolent form. This is underlined by the economic theories of the political market, labor or charity market. This conception contrasts with the benevolent of altruism and the alternative aspect attributed to this practice in regard to the market. To better understand the impure gift, if not the malevolence, this article specifies the definition of a pure (donor) and perfect (recipient) gift. This reference situation implies rational and moral conditions.

Keyphrases: Gift, Malevolence, Benevolence, Don, Philosophy, Ethics, Economics
Risk perceptions among potential Airbnb hosts

Airbnb has taken advantage of recent technological advances to emerge as a disruptive innovation in the tourism and hotel industry. Attracting millions of customers annually, it is present in over 65,000 cities in 191 countries. Its rapid success has attracted research, most focused on guests and their intention to use or recommend the service. This study assesses perceived risk among Airbnb hosts, focusing on hosts’ perception of risks related to services offered, finances, safety and security, and psychological, political, and privacy issues. Ease of use is considered among factors that determine hosts’ adoption intention. A survey of young adults in Dubai revealed a positive correlation between adoption intention and financial risk and time concern, and a negative correlation between safety and security risk, psychological, political, privacy risks, ease of adoption, and adoption intention. This study informs Airbnb management of concerns that might affect business continuity and recommends strategies to address the issues.

Keyphrases: Adaptation, Innovation, Research, Sci Tech, Scientific, Technical, Technology, Technique, Philosophy, Ethics, Economics