NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'écoute en scène : vers un renouveau de la dramaturgie sonore dans Inferno de Romeo Castellucci

This study examines the inscription of sound in Romeo Castellucci’s mise en scène of Inferno. It aims to define how the sound environment of this work goes beyond the traditional use of sound in theatre, and how its integration to the stage action creates a new type of dramaturgy. No more intended as the representation of a narrative, this work emphasizes and reinforces the materiality of any medium constituting the action. We will analyze how the sound in this performance becomes an element on its own. Sound is not mimetic anymore: it does not aim to be the echo of something absent. The sound being able to affirm and render its own expressive qualities, it can “interact” with other scenic elements in an innovative manner. The interactions of both visible and audible components give rise to dramaturgical tensions, conducting us to investigate the question of listening and its modalities in a theatrical context. We will then try to understand how audition redefines the reception of the performance.

Keyphrases: Castellucci, Sound, Listening, Dramaturgy, Theatre
L'évolution de la réponse normative de l'OIT en situation de crise économique et financière

In the opinion of many observers, the world witnessed in 2008 an unprecedented economic crisis since the Great Depression of the thirties. The primary victims of these gobal economic breakdowns are the workers of the world. Invested since 1919 to a term of protection with respect to the latter, the International Labour Organization (ILO) has to be a vector for proposals in these difficult times. This study aims to analyze the evolution of the normative responses produced by the ILO in the wake of global economic and financial crises since its inception. It will also correlate the Organization's degree of boldness and the composition of the international picture in place over each period considered. The first chapter will give us the opportunity to show how the ILO, born in a context of economic crisis in the twenties and then facing another major crisis in 1930, has taken advantage of these situations to confirm its raison d'être and has been driven to inquire about new competencies (chapter I). We will then step in an era marked by the proliferation of new international organizations with which the ILO is in competition: the UN era. We will see how the Organization's position on the international scene affects its responsiveness to economic and political crises of the moment (chapter II). Instructed on these historical considerations, we will finally be able to understand the normative flexibility characterizing the ILO's response to the 2008 crisis. We will also be able to understand how this historic crisis has changed the world order and has affected the Organization's position in the international layout (chapter III).

Keyphrases: International Labour Organization (ILO), International labour law, International labour standards, Economic and financial crisis, Global governance, Institutions internationales, International institutions, Great Depression, 2008 economic crisis, Economic globalization
Expérience migratoire antérieure et déqualification : étude de cas portant sur des immigrants russophones à Montréal

Despite the policy of open immigration, diversity and multiculturalism in Quebec, recent immigrants face many barriers in the labor market. According to the neo-classical view, human capital has an influence on the integration of immigrants and their degree of deskilling.  While origin can influence the professional and personal characteristics of skilled immigrants, some of them might be of the same origin, yet possess different characteristics.  The anterior migratory experience is defined as the act for someone, to migrate for the first time from their country of origin to another country, prior to migrate again from this country to a third one. That allows to the immigrants to alter characteristics of human capital, which then influence the integration of immigrants and their degree of deskilling. Being from a very diverse country, being educated, and being allophones, immigrants from the former USSR are a good representative group for this study. In addition, some immigrants in this group have previous migratory experience.  This research aims to examine the role of previous migratory experience in the integration of Russian-speaking immigrants in the Quebec labor market, and to evaluate its impact on the presence and level of deskilling. The qualitative method adopted for the work allows for clear observation of the immigrants’ opinions relative to their professional integration, and an evaluation of the effect of the migratory experience.  We have found that migratory experience can change an immigrant’s situation in the labor market.  On the one hand, it allows them to get a degree and experience from an economically developed country, which holds more value in Quebec than qualifications and experience gained in countries of the former USSR.  In addition, it allows them the opportunity to improve their language skills.  On the other hand, migratory experience can shape behavioral characteristics, such as job search methods or the adoption of open and flexible behaviors which could help with integration.  The improved professional and personal characteristics derived through migratory experience can also have a compensating effect which reduces the impact of family strategy on the presence and level of deskilling.  In the end, we can conclude that previous migratory experience does have an impact on the integration of Russian-speaking immigrants in the Quebec labor market and, in particular, on the presence and level of deskilling.

Keyphrases: immigration, professional integration, migratory experience, employment, deskilling, former USSR, Quebec
Intersection : Exploration du concept à travers la composition de trois oeuvres musicales

In my musical research and creative work, I am inspired by the concept of intersection for its capacity to give birth to something new.  This Master’s thesis documents an exploration of this concept in three different contexts: an instrumental piece, a mixed piece and a piece for choir. I employ the term “intersection” in the figurative sense of two elements, either abstract or concrete, which meet.  The nature of their meeting and the possible results are of equal interest to me.  I strive to integrate the concept at all levels of a piece: from the global perspective (the conception, the form) to the local perspective (the craft and the use of compositional techniques).  The choice of procedures is wide open and depends entirely on the piece and the envisioned artistic result.   Thereby, for each of my three Master’s pieces I chose a different approach to the concept of intersection.  I experimented with a variety of means and procedures, as well as the function of the extra musical component (where applicable).  In the first chapter, I discuss my quintet Finding Common Ground, which explores the intersection of percussion writing with the writing for the four other “melodic” instruments.  Next, in the second chapter I present my piece Pleine lune for double bass and tape, which undertakes the crossing of instrumental writing with acousmatic writing.  Finally, in the third chapter I examine my piece Séjour dans un autre monde, for youth choir and prepared piano, which was inspired by the crossing of electroacoustic thought with vocal and instrumental writing.

Keyphrases: Composition, Intersection, Music, Composition, Intersection, Crossing, Mixed music
Une littérature sous tension : poétique du fragmentaire dans l'oeuvre de Pierre Michon

This thesis focuses on the poetics of the fragmentary in the work of Pierre Michon ("Trois auteurs", "Maîtres et serviteurs" and "Corps du roi"). More than a concern of a formal nature, the fragmentariness is first and foremost an area of tensions, revealed through narrative, discursive and enunciative schemes. A poetic approach, at the junction of linguistic, rhetoric and narratology, enables to reflect on the fragmentariness in its effects, but also in its affects. The research is structured around three axes : genericity, discontinuity and representation.  The fragmentariness is first discussed through the lens of the genericity which, in the work of Michon, constantly oscillate between the biographical and the novelistic. The tension between continuity and discontinuity is then studied. Marked by repetitions and variations, this tension presents itself in the formal and stylistic forms. It is also to be understood on a temporal level, with a preference for instantaneity rather than for continuity. Finally, this thesis questions the impact of the fragmentariness on the notion of representation, which undergoes a reorientation : the story is no longer considered as a representation, but as a figuration, which is to be understood both as an enunciative position and in its relation to image. The figuration will be studied from the scenes punctuating Michon’s work.

Keyphrases: Pierre Michon, Figuration, French contemporary literature, Pierre Michon, Fragmentariness, Discontinuity, Representation, Figuration
Caractérisation et étude de la régulation d’une isoforme cytosolique de peroxyrédoxine chez les solanacées

The peroxiredoxins (PRXs) are a recently discovered family of peroxidases found in all organisms and ubiquitous in the cell. An important particularity of these proteins is the presence of one or two active cysteines that accomplish an oxydo-reduction cycle with an electron donor. The PRXs are sensitive to the redox potential and are implicated in the detoxification of the H2O2, an oxidante molecule induced in stress situations. The PRXs should be induced in stress situations and regulated by phosphorylation. Indeed, in vitro experimentations have shown that the NDPK1 can phosphorylate a cytosolic PRX isoform of the potato.  This dissertation describes the experimentation made to acquire a preliminary understanding of the function of the PRX. For this purpose, we cloned a PRX isoform, followed by a biochemical characterization and expression studies of the protein. The sequencing data shown a type II PRX phylogenetically related to the cytosolic isoforms. The cDNA of this peroxiredoxin (PRX1) has been cloned in Solanum chacoense. The recombinant protein produced had a N-terminal (6xHis) tag. Enzymatic assays confirmed the antioxidant activity of the recombinant protein and a polyclonal antibody has been generated from the rabbit. This antibody was used in conjunction with an antibody anti-NDPK1 to determine the general expression patterns of those proteins during stresses in Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum tuberosum. The results obtained showed that the two proteins are generally co-expressed but not co-regulated. Obvious experimental facts displayed an induction of the PRX1 in biotic and abiotic stresses situations.

Keyphrases: phosphorylation, stress, peroxiredoxin, peroxidase, stresses, phosphorylation, nucleoside diphosphate kinase
Vers le haut : la valeur d’usage du toit vert privé : le point de vue de professionnels de l’immobilier œuvrant sur le Plateau Mont-Royal

This research focuses on the use-value of green roofs in Plateau Mont-Royal, a borough in the city of Montreal. It focuses on the problematic state of urban sprawl by trying to estimate the use-value of the green roof, backyard and terrace, supported by the real estate argumentation of each facilities.  Urban sprawl is the source of serious problems and the absorption of its harmful effects has become a priority in urban planning. One of the main reasons underlying the prevalent urban exodus is the value given to the use of exterior land offered by the single-family suburban habitat. In this situation, the main interest is to know if the inclusion of private open spaces in urban areas can participate in the resumption of the urban exodus. Because lack of soil in the city is an obstacle, the private green roof appears as a smart, although limited, alternative for the land surrounding a house. But this option is only relevant if people value these alternative private open spaces as they value the ground spaces. After analysis, it happens that the green roof has no use-value comparable to the backyard in the observed context, particularly because their respective public opposes outright. On the other hand, based on construction data, the terrace and green roof seem to have a comparable use-value.

Keyphrases: Green Roof, Backyard, Residential Field, Environmental Sensitivity and Use-value
Implication du CYP2D6 dans la pharmacodynamie et la pharmacogénomique de l’oxycodone

Intersubject variability in drug response is an important issue provoking side effects or treatment failure. Such variability may be caused by the decreased activity of the enzyme metabolising the drug, frequently cytochromes P450, a major enzyme system in drug metabolism. These enzymes are prone to genetic mutations called polymorphisms, which alter their metabolic activity. It is therefore important to assess the role of these enzymes to identify their responsibility in the intersubject variability of the drug. Among the important enzyme system that represents the cytochrome P450, CYP2D6 is particularly studied for its genetic polymorphisms, which are of clinical importance. One of CYP2D6 substrates is oxycodone, a narcotic analgesic widely prescribed in clinical practice. A large variability is observed in the analgesic response to oxycodone, which could be caused by genetic polymorphism. It is known that these variations affect the analgesic response to codeine, which form the active metabolite morphine by CYP2D6 to be effective. Several studies support the hypothesis that oxymorphone, a metabolite formed by CYP2D6, has the analgesia properties, in a similar mechanism to codeine. A genetic deficiency in the enzyme would compromise the analgesic response to the drug. Results obtained from our laboratory indicate that inhibition of CYP2D6 halved oxymorphone production, confirming the significant involvement of the enzyme in the metabolism of oxycodone. These results demonstrate a strong resemblance to codeine metabolism, suggesting that oxymorphone may be responsible for analgesia. We could not find a relationship between plasma concentration of oxymorphone and analgesia level experienced by subjects. Studies on oxycodone mecanism of action in the analgesic response should continue to establish the source of intersubject variability experienced by patients and thus avoid side effects or gaps in treatment.

Keyphrases: Cytochromes P450, Polymorphism, Interindividual variability, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Cyp2d6
La reconnaissance des aidants informels : care, justice et vulnérabilité dans la famille

In the 90's, ambulatory transfer increased care-giving at home in a period where paradoxically the population is ageing. Even though, this policy will allow a better distribution between formal and informal care, we must remain cautious on its actual consequences when families are confronted during a long term to a disease of one of its members. One real consequence is that the increased caregivers’ vulnerability. Due to the awareness of the aging population and the need for progress in research on neurodegenerative diseases, some politicians have committed to make of informal caregivers one topic of current interest. However, it is not so. How to express the vulnerability of caregivers and to emphasize that its overcoming represents an important social justice issue? Such is the key issue of this research.   My goal is to demonstrate how public policies on dependency have consequences on private choice and by the way on caregiver's opportunity.  This dissertation explores the way in which the labor of caregivers would be recognized in a just society. Caregivers who provide care for their own children, a disabled member of their family or older have less income and wealth, lower status, and fewer job opportunities than non-caregivers An adequate theory of justice should recognize these disadvantages as injustices In particular, it should allow caregivers to choose to take care of to a dependent person. I study this question in two parts. In the first section, I explore the moral issues of informal care in order to overcome assumptions that impede a proper understanding of this topic. The second part offers a political thought in order to show that this issue is not only confined to the domestic sphere and it relates to society. It is about reconciliation between care and justice that it could be resolved. Why care should be the heart of justice? This analysis opens a review of our responsibility to protect the vulnerable and questioning the secondary dependence associated with work done with these people.

Keyphrases: Justice, Care, Caregivers, Justice, Vulnerability, Care, Family, Public policy, Dependency
La mémoire matérielle : évocation des souvenirs et photographie dans Les années, d’Annie Ernaux

The interweaving of writing and photography will be examined in Annie Ernaux’s Les années, showing the central tension of the author’s double desire to document past events and pass them on to others. The implement of documents and the engraving modes of memories are generally presented as mental images that will be studied here from a poetic and aesthetic point of view. We will see that those images are linked to a photographic effect, in order to share with the reader an intimate and collective material memory that spreads over many years.  This approach would allow a rereading of Les années from a new critical perspective and a contribution to research about narrative, trace and memory in contemporary writing.

Keyphrases: Annie Ernaux, Contemporary French literature, Autobiographical Narrative, Memory, Photography
Figures, tensions et intensités organisationnelles à Médecins sans frontières : une approche ethnographique

This thesis illustrates the ways by which some tensions enbody and expresses themselves in the daily activities of a humanitarian organization, Doctors without borders (MSF). To do so, we mobilize a "constitutive" approach to communication, an approach that allows us to show that organizational tensions faced by (humanitarian) actors can be analyzed from the figures that animate their conversations and activities on a daily basis. By tension, we mean every practices of inconsistency, contradiction or opposition experienced or perceived between two or more logics of action, while the notion of figure refers to what drives these logics of action, that is, any concern, value or interest on behalf of which an actor comes to speak or act. In this thesis, we thus identified and analyzed, through an ethnographic approach, five figures, three tensions and three "communicative scenes" that we believe illustrate quite faithfully the humanitarian activities of MSF.  This thesis is therefore an empirical demonstration, via the communication practices of actors, of these figures and tensions that have to be managed on a daily basis. Consequently, we were able to fill some “gaps” in the literature on organizational tensions and humanitarian aid. These gaps correspond with a lack of interest for the actual practices of organizational actors as such, and secondly, as well as for an approach to communication conceived as being constitutive of an organization, that is to say, an approach that reflects and expresses what drives or guides organizational actors on a daily basis.  As we show, what seem to animate or preoccupy MSF (and its actors) are, on one side, some principles and values such as independence of practice, neutrality or experience and scruples. Thus, these ideals that actors cultivate in their conversations and activities are constantly taken in account when missions are planned and carried out for this famous organization. On the other side, another source of animation lies in the complex environments in which medical care is provided to populations in distress. Through our constitutive approach to communication, we were thus able to draw a realistic picture of these practices - the "sources" of what animates humanitarian action - reflecting both the mode of being and acting of MSF, in all its intensities and tensions.

Keyphrases: Ventriloquie, Tensions, Organizational communication, Humanitarian aid, Ethnography
La dynamique chromatinienne induite par le pic de LH dans les cellules de granulosa chez la souris

Identification of regulatory elements in the genome is of paramount importance to understanding the mechanisms governing the expression of specific genes in a given cell type.  Following the LH surge, the ovarian peri-ovulatory follicle enters an intensive program of cellular differentiation, orchestrated by major changes in the transcriptional profile of granulosa cells, ultimately triggering ovulation and luteinization, processes essentials for fertility in females. In the mouse, several genes essential to the success of this program are induced 2 to 6 hours after the ovulatory stimulus. Using a standard protocol for superovulation in mice, the regulatory elements were isolated and identified in granulosa cells 4h after administration of hCG using the method FAIRE (Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements) combined with next generation sequencing. The results of this analysis demonstrate that after the ovulatory stimulus, granulosa cells undergo a major reprogramming of regulatory elements, which is correlated with the extensive changes in their biological functions. In addition, this study showed that most regulatory elements were associated with distal intergenic regions and introns, indicating that these regions are important in transcriptional regulation in granulosa cells. A variety of transcriptional regulators known to be essential for ovarian function, and their binding sites were also identified in this analysis, demonstrating that the FAIRE method has the power to predict molecular events that have correlates in the known physiology of ovarian processes.

Keyphrases: Ovulation, Formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements, Regulatory elements, Ovulation, Luteinization, Granulosa cells, Transcriptional regulator
Reconnaissance sociale et intégration des immigrants en milieu rural: le cas du Haut-Lac-Saint-Jean

Provincial immigration policies in Quebec are oriented towards the regionalization of immigrants, in order for regional and rural areas to benefit from their presence. This study adopts an ethnographic perspective to examine how social recognition shown by native Quebecers toward immigrants who settle in the Haut-Lac-Saint-Jean area is linked to the integration of the newcomers to their host community. Through a review of the various experiences of alterity observed in the region, my study reveals the conditions that foster the emergence of recognition and the factors that serve to make it less likely.

Keyphrases: Haut-Lac-Saint-Jean, Anthropology, Social Anthropology, Recognition, Integration, Alterity, Regionalization of immigration