NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'alliance de travail au sein d'une mesure de surveillance de longue durée : la collaboration malgré le contrôle

The scientific literature is full of studies focusing on the alliance within a therapeutic process, mostly because of its positive impact on the outcomes of a treatment. The same findings have been found on an offending population, which had shown a positive impact on recidivism and on compliance to legal conditions. In the context of community supervision, the officer has a dual role of social reintegration and public protection, where he has to adopt a helping role in a position of authority. The arrival of an actuarial justice has reformed the penal system and a managerial perspective oriented on control had seems to rise, focusing more on the neutralization of offender than on their reform, the therapeutic role of the agent being gradually put aside. This internship report has focuses on the working alliance and its implementation during a long-term supervision measure where numerous controls are present. Furthermore, we did an 80 days internship at the SCC Maisonneuve office as a parole officer. We conducted semi-structured interviews with two duos composed of a parole officer and an offender with a long-term follow-up. This analysis has shown that it is possible to establish a working alliance in a coercive context, despite the complexity of the offender’s profile. The elements facilitating the development of this relationship, according to the participants, were put forward. Moreover, we found that the framework of the supervision may create other needs for certain personality types, raising several fears when the measure comes to an end. Finally, given the benefits of the working alliance shown in this study, we have made some recommendations based on these findings.

Keyphrases: Alliance, Relation, Working alliance, Offender, Desistance, Community supervision, Rehabilitation, Dual relationship, Mandated relationship, Involountary clients, Long-term offender
Expansion de la réaction de Mitsunobu par l’introduction d’un nouveau réactif polyvalent

Whether it be a drug, a polymer, a cosmetic or any other product of everyday life, substances created by man must come from the transformation of a natural compound into an often quite different final product. To achieve this goal, one must use known methodologies allowing the selective derivatization of diverse functional groups present on a molecule. Thanks to the efforts of synthesis chemists, this range of methodologies widens each year, and this memoire will illustrate the contribution of the author to this field of research. One of the most common functional groups in nature is the alcohol. In the majority of the known transformations, this alcohol acts as a nucleophile. In order to convert a carbon center bearing the hydroxyl substituent into an electrophile, a multistep sequence is often required. The Mitsunobu reaction attempts to remedy this situation by transforming, in a single step, a wide variety of alcohols into different functional groups by their selective activation. However, the nature of the nucleophilic partner is typically limited to carboxylic acids, phenols and other moderately acid substrates. The work presented in this memoire attempts to partially solve this issue by significantly expanding the range of nucleophiles tolerated in the reaction. Following the development and optimisation of a new, easy to use, stable reagent, several new functional groups can now be introduced rapidly in an stereoselective fashion onto alcohol substrates. Particularly, amines, another functionality very common in nature, will change from being non-reactive partners to being ideal ones in most cases. In order to justify this reversal of reactivity, several mechanistic explanations supported by observations and studies will be presented. The efforts culminate in the one-step, expeditive synthesis of the active ingredient of a pharmaceutical blockbuster from commercially available materials.

Keyphrases: Amines, Mitsunobu, Azocarboxylate, Alcohols, Triflic acid
Synthèse d’analogues de nucléosides cardioprotecteurs comportant un centre quaternaire carboné et étude de leur mécanisme d’action biologique par photo-affinité

Emerging treatments against cancer have permitted a significant increase in life expectancy for most patients stricken with this disease. Unfortunately, one of the secondary effects of these anticancer treatments is the diminishing of cardiac functions. This repercussion ultimately manifests itself as cardiac failure and affects numerous survivors of the disease, such as infants and adults treated for leukemia or solid tumors. Until now, no efficient treatment is known to combat the degeneration of cardiac functions. Therefore, taking into consideration the precedents of our laboratory in the synthesis of nucleoside analogues, as well as their numerous applications in the medical domain, the first objective of this project was to develop a new class of nucleoside analogues bearing an all-carbon quaternary center at C-2’ that exhibits cardioprotective properties. The second objective was to develop a synthetic strategy that incorporates a photo-affinity probe on the nucleoside scaffold that would allow us to study the yet to be elucidated biological mechanism of action of our most effective compounds. Key steps of the synthetic route include a substrate-controlled diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction, as well as an innovative method involving free-radical chemistry to stereoselectively synthesize the challenging quaternary center at C-2’. A library of analogues has been successfully obtained to perform structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and photo-affinity probes were synthesized and linked to our compound possessing the most promising biological activity.

Keyphrases: Cardioprotection, Centre quaternaire carboné, Synthesis, Nucleoside analogues, All-carbon quaternary center, Radical transfer, Photo-affinity, Mukaiyama aldol reaction, Diastereoselectivity
280 insulting characters? An analysis of the content of tweets addressed to the police in Canada and the United States

Social media such as Twitter are becoming more popular. It is without surprise that the police would engage in this field. Social media allow the police to easily communicate with the population in the hope to ameliorate the relationship between the police and citizens, which can be tense at times. With the democratisation of the internet and the advent of social media, incivilities which were limited to the real world have been transposed online. The police are therefore sometimes the target of these cyber-incivilities. Even if the use of social media by the police has been studied in the last few years, the way the population communicates with the police, especially when they do in an antagonistic manner, has not been researched thoroughly. The present study aims to fill this literature gap by analysing what is said to the police on Twitter. Tweets from January 2018 mentioning the selected police departments in Canada and in the United States have been collected. The results show that some police departments are more mentioned than others (it is the case of the TPS and the NYPD) but also more insulted than others. The police are caught in the middle of tensions as they are the target of several insults. Tweets mentioning the police have the following themes: specific cases, police behaviour, politics, local news but are also comprised of plain insults, without context. The study concludes that online tensions, whether they are punctual or systematic, resonate the already existent offline local tensions.

Keyphrases: Twitter, Police, Cyber-incivilities, Insults
Analyse de l'implémentation d'un service d'impression 3D médicale

The biomedical engineering department at the CHU Sainte-Justine currently uses 3D printing in order to save on simple parts for biomedical devices by creating in-house alternatives. During the summer of 2017, an intern had the mandate to explore the potential clinical applications of 3D printing at CHU Sainte-Justine. The primary use targeted was surgical planning. This report presents an overview of existing 3D printing technologies, a glimpse of the implications of 3D printing technologies, literary review and a portrait of medical 3D printing in a few hospitals around the world. The implementation of a 3D printing service raises legal, regulatory and organisational concerns. These have been identified and analysed. A preliminary business plan with recommendations for the establishment of a service divided in short, mid and long term.

Keyphrases: 3D printing, Surgical planning, Implementation, Hospital
Insiders, smart drugs et pharmaceuticalisation : éléments pour une typologie de la nouvelle déviance
conformiste

The increasing number of users of smart drugs on university campus, go-pills in the army or coast-to-coast meds in long-distance truckers is a invitation to revisit the growing legitimacy of  the «adaptive use » of psychostimulants through a reinterpretation of the traditional categories through which functionalists and interactionists tried to understand the legitimate modes of adaptation and social inadaptation. Could we envisage new categories of deviance «by excess » of integration such as the over-obedience or hyper-responsibility ? Should we encourage the use of mid-ethical and mid-sociological oxymorons to characterize practices increasingly common but whose legitimacy is problematic such as “conformist innovation,” or the practice of “appropriate doping” ? Through the case study of smart drugs, we mobilize the concepts of pharmaceuticalization and biosociality to identify some of the sociological features of the ideal-typical figure of the insider (both avant-garde consumer, hypersocialized individual, responsible innovator, etc.) which is, in principle, the reverse image of the famous Howard Becker’s outsider.

Keyphrases: Insiders, Smart drugs, Psychostimulants, Pharmaceuticalization, Deviance, Psychostimulants, Bio-sociality
Mise en œuvre d’une formation infirmière réflexive sur la prévention de l’état confusionnel aigu chez les personnes âgées dans les milieux de soins chirurgicaux

Between 30% and 75% of older adults (OA) hospitalized in the Québec health care system will develop a delirium during their hospital stay, particularly in post-operative care settings. Delirium has significant physical and psychological consequences for OA and causes distress to family and professionals. To prevent delirium among OA, several studies show the effectiveness of training offered to nurses on nonpharmacological interventions that integrate, among others, the family to care. The purpose of this internship was to build on these studies to develop and implement a delirium prevention training for nurses in a surgical unit at a hospital. Reflective practice has been the approach chosen to develop the training, as several publications attest to its positive impact on the clinical training of nurses. This project allowed nurses to become aware of the best prevention strategies with OA and to gain a better understanding of the impact of the environment and their practice on delirium and the OA and family experience. In addition, it helped foster the integration of the family into care in order to prevent delirium. This project ultimately inspired nurses to mobilize to improve the prevention of delirium in OA. This training presents a concrete strategy for fostering knowledge transfer and competences development for nurses.

Keyphrases: Delirium, Prevention, Nursing care, Family, Surgery, Partnership, Reflective practice, Knowledge transfer
La réinsertion sociale : les défis rencontrés à la suite d’une détention fédérale ou provinciale

Reintegration is a difficult process where an offender can have access to services in order to become an autonomous citizen, integrated to his community and law-abiding. Since reintegration programs are usually more effective when they are centered on offenders needs, this qualitative study, in partnership with a community organization, seeks for a better understanding of challenges encountered by ex-convicts at reentry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 halfway houses residents and 8 staff members to achieve this main objective. Results from content analysis highlight six categories of reentry challenges, those being challenges related to first days following release, structural challenges, relational challenges, challenges related to personal development, challenges according to stigmatization and challenges related to living in halfway houses. The study also compares federal and provincial experience of reentry, showing how longer sentence and shorter transition period can affect community reintegration. Furthermore, sexual offender’s experience was compared to challenges encountered by people who committed other types of crime and it seems that this sample of ex-convicts is facing greater barriers according to greater stigmatization and conditions of parole. Shedding light on particular characteristics of such subgroups and reaching a great understanding of reentry challenges allowed us to take an interest in the complementarity of the partner’s programs with the difficulties which are facing their users. This way, the partner community organization can ensure that they provide appropriate interventions and programs. It’s important to keep in mind that with the emphasis on reentry challenges, the study presents a lot of negative aspects about reentry and interventions in the area. On the other hand, even with a focus on challenges, many participants addressed a general satisfaction about received services and being housed in halfway houses.

Keyphrases: Intervention, Reentry, Reintegration, Parole, Intervention, Stigmatization, Sex offenders
L’agent civil d’infiltration dans le cadre d’enquête au Québec : le portrait de son utilisation et de ses problématiques

Confidential informants are unique justice collaborators. They take part in major police operations as an intelligence gathering technique. These individuals operate on contractual basis. They are recruited, directed and their identity is protected by the police force that employ them. Recruited as a result of their criminal past, their knowledge or their connections, these intelligence actors are able to greatly facilitate a criminal investigation as well as gather intelligence on which they could testify. Despite its widespread use, the undercover civilian agent is one of the most underrated justice collaborators. This study aims to learn more about the use of confidential informants by police forces in Quebec, through a documentary analysis consisting of a sample of sixty-eight (68) judicial decisions rendered by various courts. This research focuses on the potential impact of this intelligence-gathering technique on the judicial process of a criminal process. The results of this study indicate that it is a valuable technique for criminal investigations into closed and hard-to-reach environments for traditional police officers. The analysis also makes it possible to point out that, contrary to the literature, confidential informants are efficient and can lead to successful prosecution. The results of this research show that it is not the confidential informant that is the major obstacle in a prosecution but rather the police handlers. The results of this research show that even though the literature is very critical of the use of confidential informants, it is the police handlers that are responsible for most of the unsuccessful prosecutions in Quebec involving this technique.

Keyphrases: Police, Confidential informant, Criminal investigation, Police handler, Intelligence, Police
Impact des programmes d’interventions cognitivo-comportementaux et d’entraînements cognitifs sur les fonctions exécutives chez les personnes atteintes du trouble du spectre autistique : revue systématique

Autism spectrum disorder has been linked to executive deficits by several authors (Damasio and Maurer, 1978; Hill, 2004; Kenworthy, Yerys, Anthony and Wallace, 2008; Verté, Geurts, Roeyers, Oosterlaan and Sergeant, 2006). Considering its negative impact on the daily life of the autistic individual (Anderson, 2002), interventions targeting it are judicious. The aim of this systematic review is to verify the efficiency and methodology of existing studies on cognitive-behavioral interventions, as well as cognitive training programs, meant to improve executive functions of autistic individuals. Of 1093 known studies, only 18 meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two of them are for an adult population, while the rest target children and teenagers. While most interventions show promising results, small sample sizes, less than optimal methodology and lack of reproduction of interventions leave us unable to judge their true efficiency. Nonetheless, this review will be of use to clinicians and researchers by suggesting various future avenues of research.

Keyphrases: Intervention, Autism spectrum disorder, Executive function, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Cognitive training
Formation des pasteurs en éducation théologique relative à l’environnement : contribution des églises protestantes à la sauvegarde de la création au Cameroun

Since the 1972 Earth Summit in Stockholm, environnmental issues have been a concern for the international community.In the perspective of contributing to the reduction of the ecological crisis, the Ecumenical Council of churches, encyclicals of popes and interfaith declarations place the pastors’ formation among the priority. In the Cameroonian context, Protestant pastoral training centers have not developed any educational strategy for initial and continuing training specifically for pastoralists. The present work is elaborated within the framework of a pastoral training in eco-theology at the Protestant University of Central Africa, institution that inspire the other Protestant pastoral training centers in terms of program and approach in Francophone Africa. It is a reference tool for planning and implementing theological training adapted to the time of the ecological crisis. In short, it demonstrates a concerted desire to enhance the skills of pastoralists and, consequently, to contribute to improving the living conditions of human and non-human populations while remaining faithful to the Gospel of Jesus Christ.

Keyphrases: Formation, Education, Pastoral of creation, Training
The Perils of Not Thinking Like an Economist: How to Assess Value

It is common to muse over the perils of thinking like an economist. There is, we are told, something missing when we only weigh the costs and benefits of some options before us, and then choose the one that will lead to the greatest utility. Such a view is now commonplace in philosophy curriculums, and it has been defended, for example, by Michael Sandel, Debra Satz, and Elizabeth Anderson. This paper, conversely, explains how scholars regularly underestimate the extent to which economics applies to their viewpoint, and how the field of economics is frequently portrayed in a misleading way. It will make clear the perils of not thinking like an economist, especially for philosophers, and it will right the caricatures we can too often hear about economists. Both philosophers and economists think about the same issue, namely the question of value. Economics, however, examines the consequences of value judgments, and as such it is an essential feature of any practical proposition about value in society.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Economic Man, Ethics, Market Capitalism, Morality, Role of Economics, philosophy, ethics, economics
Ethical and Legal Implications of Whistleblowing: A View from United Arab Emirates

The paper seeks to dissect the meaning, people’s understanding, effects and consequences of whistleblowing. It also tries to define the implications the act has as laid down in United Arab Emirates (UAE) law. It spells out the major concerns that exist about whistleblowing in the UAE and the world more generally. There exist several differences between the UAE law and that of other (mainly western) countries regarding whistleblowing. These differences affect the overall understanding in the region, the frequency of reporting cases occurring and the penalties that result. This has a number of implications if viewed from a corporate viewpoint, particularly where companies are operating in a number of jurisdictions as is increasingly common. Given that domestic operators require current information, as do transnational operators entering the UAE market, the paper concludes by highlighting the existing and impending legislation that protect (or fail to protect) whistleblowers in the UAE and the laws required in order to provide sufficient protection to whistleblowers.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Whistleblowing, United Arab Emirates, philosophy, ethics, economics
Les relations entre la PME et ses partenaires: une analyse des difficultés

In Africa, research on SME is very limited. But, the knowledge of SME futures is important to define actions aiming de development of economic tissue. The subject of this paper is to apprehend difficulties faced by SME in their relations with partners. This is justifying by the fact that the literature considered SME as weak actors that depend on resources controlled by their stakeholders. In this paper we analysed de relationship between SME of Togo and their stakeholders in order to identify actors that are source of difficulty for SME. A questionnaire study on 66 SME in Lomé showed that difficulties appeared in the relation with bank for financing and with customers.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, SME, relation with partners, difficulties, philosophy, ethics, economics, PME
Environmental Sustainability and the Nexus of Economic Principles and Jewish Thought

The purpose of this paper is to show that the economic ideas related to environmental sustainability are consistent with centuries of Jewish thought on the matter, as seen through Torah, Rabbinic commentaries, Kabbalah, and other teachings. In particular, we examine 5 economic principles for moving society toward a more sustainable path: the full cost principle; the cost-effectiveness principle; the property rights principle; the sustainability principle; and the information principle. After explaining each economic principle, we relate it to Jewish texts and teachings. Even though the Jewish thinkers of old did not face the same environmental challenges present in modern times, their writings are consistent with the economic proscriptions that can help achieve environmental sustainability today.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Torah, Talmud, philosophy, ethics, economics, environmental sustainability, economics, Jewish ethics, Torah, Talmud
The Love of Money: On Menger and Keynes

For Keynes, the history of money begins when the function of measure of value arises for the first time. By contrast, Menger believes that the origin of money is determined by the appearance of the function of medium of exchange. Despite this substantial difference in interpretation, Menger and Keynes agree in terms of criticizing the function of store of value, even though this third function is useful under certain conditions. This paper argues that this agreement, at the level of monetary theory, is linked to a common ethical evaluation: Both stigmatise the love of money exactly because this desire involves a false absolutisation of money as a store of wealth. The paper will be structured in two main parts: I. Monetary Theory. The first part briefly sketches the two competing models of the explanation of the origin of money and its value. II. Ethics. In the second part, the focus will be the common rejection of the love of money.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, money, ethics, Menger, Keynes, philosophy, ethics, economics, Menger, Keynes