NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Modélisation dynamo des cycles d’activité stellaire

Decades of stellar observations established various relationships related to stellar activity cycles. However, these are difficult to numerically reproduce using dynamo models, since flows important for dynamo action cannot be measured in stars other than the Sun. We model these relationships by extracting the differential rotation profile and the α-tensor from a global 3D hydrodynamical simulation and use them as an input into a αΩ dynamo model. We succeed in reproducing the observed positive correlation between the ratio P_cyc⁄P_rot  and P_rot^(-1). On the other hand, we fail to do so for the relationship linking ω_cyc⁄Ω and the magnetic energy to the Rossby number. This indicates that the variation of P_cyc⁄P_rot  with the rotation period is a robust feature of the αΩ model, but that the α-effect is probably not the main process limiting cycle amplitude. This saturation is most likely related to the magnetic backreaction on large-scale flows.

Keyphrases: Dynamo, Simulation, Stars, Magnetic field, Magnetic cycle, Dynamo, Simulation
Le développement d’habiletés personnelles et sociales à travers un programme de thérapie par le plein air pour jeunes contrevenants ; effets sur le niveau d’antisocialité et
l’insertion socio-professionnelle

Wilderness therapy is an alternative to more traditional interventions for antisocial youth. This expedition-based intervention requires participation in various outdoor activities, through which participants have the opportunity to modify thought patterns and behaviors. In doing so, they broaden their existing, and often poor, repertoire of personal and social skills, heightening the possibilities of desistence from an antisocial path. An experimental and prospective design, with pre-test and post-tests at three and six months, was used to evaluate the influence of the length of the program on the antisociality and socio-professional status of young offenders. The potential impact as mediators of interpersonal skills and accomplishment motivation was also observed. A sample of 220 young offenders was used, which was divided at random into two conditions; a program lasting between 8 to 10 days or one lasting between 17 and 20 days. Length of program had no direct and significant influence on the antisociality levels or the socio-professional status of the participants. However, length had a positive indirect effect on lowering the level of antisociality of the subjects, through the development of their interpersonal skills and accomplishment motivation. None of the variables had a significant impact on the socio-professional status progress noted for most subjects. Wilderness therapy appears to support young offenders in desisting from an antisocial pathway by facilitating the development of personal and social skills.

Keyphrases: Wilderness therapy, Outdoor therapy, Youth offenders, Antisocial conduct, Accomplishment motivation, Interpersonal skills, Social skills, Socio-professional status
Les beuveries et la consommation de cannabis au secondaire et le décrochage scolaire à la fin du secondaire : effets modérateurs protecteurs du climat relationnel

School dropout is affecting a large proportion of adolescents in Quebec. Factors which predict school dropout come from individual, familial, social, school, and sociodemographic dimensions. Although many studies have found a significative link between substance use and school dropout, no study have examined the potential protective role of the socioeducational climate on the relationship between these behaviors despite support for such an effect. Thus, this study aims to verify if the student-teacher relationship climate plays a protective (moderator) role on the link between substance use and school dropout by using a longitudinal prospective design. The sample for this study is taken from New approach, new solutions (NANS) and includes 728 participants. Data were obtained thru self-report questionnaires as well as from the Ministère de l’éducation, des loisirs et des sports for official data on school dropout. Logistic regression analyses showed that the student-teacher relationship climate seems to protect against the effect of regular cannabis use on school dropout but not against low or non-use. Conversely, the analyses haven’t shown such a protective effect in the case of alcohol intoxication. Implications for these results are discussed.

Keyphrases: Cannabis, Intoxication, School dropout, Substance use, Cannabis, Alcohol, Binge drinking, Student-teacher relationship climate, Protective factors
L’influence des habiletés de motricité fine et des capacités attentionnelles à la maternelle sur les habiletés d’écriture au début de l’école primaire

Studies on school readiness aim to identify key elements that positively influence later school achievement. In this study, we examined direct and indirect links between attention skills and fine motor skills on later writing skills with a data set from the Montreal Longitudinal-Experimental Preschool Study (MLPS). Kindergarten measures include teacher ratings of attention and fine motor skills, direct assessments of number knowledge and receptive vocabulary, and parentreported family characteristics. By then end of 3rd grade, teachers also rated children’s writing skills. In our model, attention skills and fine motor skills predicted writing achievement by the end of 3rd grade. Our multiple regression results indicated that higher level of kindergarten attention or fine motor skills were associated with greater chances of belonging to better writing skills in 3rd grade. The interaction between attention skills and fine motor skills was also significant which means that attention skills are more predictive with the influence of fine motor skills. Measuring writing achievement is pertinent because at school, more than 31% to 60% of school time involved motor tasks and 85% of these included paper and pencil activites (McHale & Cermak, 1992).Writing is as much important as maths and reading for school achievement (Cutler & Graham, 2008) Identifying key elements of later writing achievement will help to adapt interventions that will occur early in childhood. We need to increase chances for children to have good and positive experiences at school, and eventually, graduate and join the labor market.

Keyphrases: Attention, Attention, Fine motor skills, School readiness, School achievement, Writing skills
Predicting post-training reactions from pre-training attitudes

As training and development programs have become one of the most essential elements for organizations, the question rises of what influences training effectiveness. Recently training motivation has been considered as the key determinant. Thus, the objectives of this particular study were to examine if training motivation correlates well with its antecedents and its outcomes as well as to see if training motivation plays a mediator role in predicting the outcomes of training. Three pre-training variables were chosen for this study: general attitude toward training, training self-efficacy, and career planning. Immediate trainees’ reactions were chosen as a post-training variable. A total of 152 employees from a large Quebecois company participated in the present study by filling out one questionnaire before training and one after. The results of this study evidenced that training motivation can be predicted from general attitude toward training, training self-efficacy and career planning. Moreover, training motivation was shown to be the best predictor of trainees’ reactions. Our results also showed that training motivation fully mediates the relationship between training self-efficacy and trainees’ reactions and partially mediates the relationship between general attitude toward training and trainees’ reactions, but only partially. Mediation effect of training motivation was not found between career planning and trainees’ reactions. Additionally, this study discovered that new employees differ from permanent staff in their pre-training attitudes and post-training reactions. The outcomes of the present study are discussed, some theoretical implications are commented and practical implications for the companies are suggested.

Keyphrases: General attitude toward training, Training self-efficacy, Career planning, Training motivation, Trainees' reactions, Newcomers
Performance et motivation au travail : une dynamique cyclique?

Québec has to deal with an aging population and a shortage of highly-skilled labor. In order to face these difficulties while remaining competitive internationally, Quebec’s businesses must adopt new management methods that generate a higher performance from their fewer workers. It is therefore essential to better utilize – and rethink – the predictors of work performance with motivation at the forefront of this endeavor. However, studies usually adopt a one-time only linear perspective between these variables, while other studies suggest that the relations between them would differ when analyzed more dynamically. The present study tests if a cyclic relation performance-motivation- performance occurs. Multiple mediation results do not show a significant effect of various forms of motivation on the performance of two consecutive time measures; hence supporting the need for future studies to test new variables in order to verify the potential cyclical link between two performances. Moreover, the present study identifies a grey zone in the dynamic relation between motivation and performance. Indeed, the link isn’t as smooth as it seems since initial motivations and performances appear to have the greatest impact on future behaviors.

Keyphrases: Performance, Motivation, Cycle, Self-determination theory, Spiral
Excitabilité du système miroir : une étude de stimulation magnétique transcrânienne sur le chant et le langage

The perception of movements is associated with increased activity in the human motor cortex. This system underlies our ability to understand one’s actions, as it is implicated in the recognition, understanding and imitation of actions. In this study, we investigated the involvement and lateralization of this “mirror neuron” system (MNS) in the perception of singing and speech. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the mouth representation of the motor cortex in 11 participants. The generated motor response was measured in the form of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), recorded from the mouth muscle. The MEPs were compared for the singing and speech conditions in each cerebral hemisphere. Furthermore, to investigate the time course of the MNS activation, TMS pulses were randomly emitted in 7 time windows (ranging from 500 to 3500 milliseconds after stimulus onset).  The stimuli for the singing condition consisted in 4-second videos of singers producing a 2-note ascending interval. Participants had to judge whether the sung interval matched a written interval, previously presented on the screen. For the speech condition, 4-second videos of a person explaining a proverb were shown. Participants had to decide whether this explanation matched a written proverb previously displayed on the screen. Results show that the MEP amplitudes were higher after stimulation of the right hemisphere in the singing condition. More specifically, sending TMS pulses between 1000 and 1500 milliseconds over the right hemisphere yielded higher MEPs as compared to the left hemisphere. No effect was found in the speech condition.  These results suggest that the right MNS is more activated after an audiovisual motor presentation compared to the left hemisphere.

Keyphrases: Mirror neuron system, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Motor cortex, Singing, Speech, Lateralization
Street-level labour inspection in China and the implementation of ILO Convention No.155 concerning occupational safety and health

Labour and employment relations have become important issues in China. China has ratified 25 international labour conventions and has worked closely with the ILO to improve occupational safety and health. Despite these efforts, China is often criticized for labour violations. China has in response built a relatively complete legal and regulatory picture of labour regulations nationwide. The problem facing China today is enforcing these laws and regulations. A key part of this problem is the critical question of examining the challenges faced by labour inspectors in implementing these laws.  This research project focuses on the role of labour inspection in the public administration of work safety in China. These public servants play an important role and may at times exercise their own discretion as street-level actors, making them the real policy decision makers. Consequently, understanding their role and discretion in the application of labour standards in China is crucial. This research is a qualitative case study of one labour inspection office in the Beijing area and examines the role of labour inspectors through semi-structured interviews, documents, and a brief observation of labour inspectors on-the-job. The results indicate that defining the discretionary power of street-level labour inspectors in China is a very complex task, but a framework is developed through this case study to identify critical issues important to evaluating and understanding the nature of street-level labour inspector discretion in enforcement.

Keyphrases: ILO, safety and health at work, discretion, labour inspection
Une analyse de l’emploi et du salaire des diplômés universitaires en Chine à leur entrée sur le marché de travail

The objective of current study is to understand the situation of employment and the entrance level salary for graduates in China of recent years. According to the literature review, we assumed three hypotheses regarding individual competence based on the theory of human capital.   The data in this research came from two sources: (1) the official channels, including reports and statistics published by the Ministry of Education or the National Statistics Bureau in China. (2) non-governmental channels, including investigation and research work by the institutions independent in China.  Our analysis showed that Chinese graduates were exposed in a oversupply labor market. However, some personal character in academic background, such as the teaching quality, education level and study subject, may have an impact on employment and entrance level salary to some degree.  In the end we draw a conclusion with Chinese-style solution, which aims at reducing the problem of unemployment.

Keyphrases: Employment and salary, Graduates in China, University quality, Education level, Study subject
La constitutionnalisation du droit de négociation collective : ses effets sur les régimes législatifs de représentation collective

In 2007, the Supreme Court of Canada issued an important decision in the case Health Services and Support, as it recognised for the first time that the guarantee of freedom of association under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects the capacity of members of labour unions to engage in collective bargaining on workplace issues. The Court finds support in international labour law in order to come to this conclusion. With this decision, the Supreme Court overturns its position established some twenty years before that collective bargaining does not benefit from the protection of the Charter as a fundamental right. This paradigm change led many authors to comment that the shift would probably lead to the constitutional invalidity of a number of legislative measures and would affect the interpretation of labour law regimes. Furthermore, collective bargaining being historically interrelated with strikes, it would be logical that Charter protection be extended to the right to strike. Later on, in 2011, the Supreme Court issued a decision in the Fraser case on the right to access a labour relations regime, shedding light on the ambit of the constitutional guarantee.   This research surveys case law that dealt with the constitutional protection of collective bargaining after Health Services in order to assess its influence on the validity of restrictions on the right to strike, on the validity of restrictions on bargaining and the imposition of working conditions, on the validity of exclusions of certain categories of workers from labour relations legal regimes and on their interpretation. Our results show that the constitutionalization of the right to bargain collectively has led to a certain volume of legal challenges by labour unions, which were successful in instances where the infringement on bargaining rights were similar to the Supreme Court precedents as well as one case related to the right to strike. The larger influence as foreseen in our literature review did not materialize.  The constitutionalization of collective bargaining has had no effect on the interpretation of labour law regimes in private law. Finally, the use of international labour law has no measurable effect on our results.

Keyphrases: Freedom of association, Collective bargaining, Strike, Constitutional Law, Human Rights, International Labour Law
Les ressources de pouvoir et l’influence sur les politiques publiques : le cas des associations patronales de l’industrie aérospatiale au Québec

This research aims to have a better understanding of the mobilization of power resources by employers' associations in order to influence public policy, specifically in the aerospace sector. In the first place, this research attempts to answer our first research question which concerns the impact of the logic of representation on the public policy’s intervention. Furthermore, our second research question seeks to identify power resources used by employer associations.  From a theoretical perspective, this research is a part of the current neo-institutionalist work. First, employers 'associations are perceived as "institutional entrepreneurs' because they have the ability to influence their institutional environment (Campbell, 2004; Streeck and Thelen, 2005; Crouch, 2005). Specifically, we also find that employers and their associations have been able to mobilize several power levers to influence, to their advantage, the political and economic developments in capitalist societies (Traxler and Huemer, 2007).  On the empirical perspective, our research has three objectives : identify employer associations’ logic of representation; identify which types of resources are available for the associations; analyze the relationship between power resources (internal and external) and the potential influence on public policies (commercial and labor law).   To meet our research objectives, we used the case study as our research method. This qualitative method is one of the best way to analyze an unknown phenomenon because it provides in-depth data. This research follows the recommendations of Merriem (1998) who propose to conduct a research in three main stages: preparation, data collection and interpretation. We collected our data using semi-directed interviews conducted in the winter of 2012. These interviews were conducted with employers' associations representatives of the aerospace sector. We performed a qualitative analysis based on our review of the literature and our research proposals. In this perspective, we used the technique of patterns matching developed by Yin (1994) which consist to compare our results with our research proposals.    Finally, it should be noted that this research method (case study) has an important methodological limit: generalization. Indeed, we can hardly generalize our results to another population considering the fact that there are specific aspects related to the aerospace industry. Nevertheless, this research has contributed to have a better understanding of the role of employer associations in Canada.

Keyphrases: Employer associations, Power resources, Lobbying, Public policy, Economic representation
Les assises idéologiques du projet conservateur de Stephen Harper

Several signs suggest that Prime minister Stephen Harper is seeking to make the Conservative Party the new dominant political party in Canada. For this purpose, he has to transform the social and political organization of the country to make it more conservative and move the ideological preferences of the majority to the right. The objective of this thesis is to explain the ideological foundations of the reform strategy adopted by Harper in light of the writings of the members of the Calgary School. Because the Prime minister is close to the members of this school of thought, my hypothesis is that the public policies he implements are inspired by their convictions. Through a brief review of the literature, I clarify, in the first chapter, the meaning of the concept of ideology and establish the relevance of studying ideologies to explain political decisions. Then, I define the main types of conservatism to determine which one inspires the Calgary School and the Conservative Party. In the second chapter, I draw a portrait of the ideas promoted by the members of the Calgary School, on issues of social and economic development, on the role of the judiciary, on foreign relations and on national identity. Finally, in the third chapter, I identify the decisions taken by the Harper government in relation to these four themes since it came to power and I verify their consistency with the ideas promoted by the Calgary School.

Keyphrases: Calgary School, Conservative Party of Canada, ideology, conservatism, social and economic development, judiciary, foreign policy, national identity
La participation politique des immigrants au Québec

How to understand specificities of political participation in the case of Quebec’s immigrants, as it evades from usual explanations? If a multitude of factors explain well the political participation in the common case, the main explanation feats with personal rationality. Politics are usually oriented by this statement. Still, these factors hardly give an empirical explanation of why does immigrants participate or avoid some public spaces. Instead of taking the classical approach, based on cognitive rationality, this paper suggests completing usual explanations statements through the original mediation of socio-affective factors of Quebecoise belonging development. Such a demarche gives policy science two advancements. First, it opens the way to the inclusion of emotions for a better understanding of political participation and gives complementary explanations, largely forsaken. Secondly, it set a separation between id dimension and affective dimensions, still fused in most approaches. This way gives new statements to the researchers which open the way to a better consideration of the weight of affective explanations in the study of political participation in atypical cases like immigration and fast changing societies. At last, our research explains the political behaviour of Quebecoise immigrants by establishing Quebec’s integration policies inability to create a Quebecoise belonging.

Keyphrases: turnout, identity, belonging, social psychology, Quebec-Canada, immigration