Le rôle de la protéine interagissant avec hedgehog (Hhip) dans la formation rénale modulée par le diabète maternel et dans la néphropathie diabétique

We previously reported that maternal diabetes impairs nephrogenesis in diabetic progeny in our maternal diabetes murine model. Our gene-array performed in neonatal kidneys of those affected offspring revealed that hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) expression was significantly upregulated, as compared to the control group. As an antagonist of sonic hedgehog (Shh) which plays an essential role in cell differentiation, growth and tissue patterning during kidney development and kidney fibrosis, Hhip binds to Shh and attenuates its bioactivity. It is reported that Hhip is predominantly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and cells adjacent to those expressing Shh. However, the functional role of Hhip expression in the developing and mature kidney is barely known.  We first established the expression pattern of Hhip in embryonic kidneys. We observed in our murine model of maternal diabetes that Hhip gene expression is differentially up-regulated in differentiated metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud epithelium of the offspring. Using cultured metanephric mesenchymal cells (MK4 cells), we demonstrated that high D-glucose (25 mM D-Glucose) specifically stimulated Hhip expression in a time-/dose-dependent manner, and then targeted TGFβ1 signaling. In addition, overexpression of Hhip increased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes [NF-kB (p50/p65) and p53] and inhibited the expression of proliferative genes (i.e., Shh, Pax2, N-myc, and p27kip1). Finally, we demonstrated that maternal diabetes impairing kidney development might mediate the interactions of Hhip and TGFβ1-Smad pathway (Diabetologia 2014).  After birth, in normal non-diabetic state, Hhip expression is quiescent; a limited basal Hhip expression (mRNA and protein) is detectable in mature glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells. While glomerular epithelial cells (GECs) and podocyte injury is the hallmark of early renal injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN), we further examined the role of renal Hhip expression in murine diabetes models--e.g., Akita mice, db/db mice and heterozygous Hhip deficiency (Hhip+/−) mice rendered diabetic with low-dose streptozotocin (LDSTZ). Our data revealed that hyperglycemia (or high glucose in vitro) activates Hhip gene expression in glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes. In particular, Hhip heterozygosity protects glomerular integrity with less podocyte loss and improved renal outcomes [i.e., decreased urinary albumin/Creatinine (Cre) ratio (ACR, a hallmark of onset of kidney disease) and DN-features (renal hypertrophy, increased glomerular filtration rate, glomerulosclerosis and fibrosis)]. Taken together, our data suggest that high glucose-elevated renal Hhip expression may directly trigger the process of apoptosis and fibrosis in glomerular endothelial cells in diabetes and it plays a key role in the development and progression of DN (Sci. Report 2018). Keywords: Hhip gene expression, maternal diabetes, nephrogenesis, diabetic nephropathy, reactive oxygen species

Keyphrases: Hhip gene expression, Maternal diabetes, Diabetic nephropathy, Nephrogenesis