NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Conception d’une formation en ligne sur l’évaluation en simulation des apprentissages d’étudiants en sciences infirmières dans un programme par compétences

The use of clinical simulation in nursing education is on the rise. In addition to being a teaching method, simulation is used to assess student learning. In a competency-based approach, this type of assessment involves making a judgment on the quality of the students' performance using direct observation. According to best practices in simulation, simulation educators must be trained to assess during simulation. However, existing courses on students’ learning assessment during simulation lack flexibility and accessibility. Furthermore, asynchronous e-learning courses that can be taken in an autonomous manner are more suited to nurse educators’ training needs. As part of a Master of Nursing Internship, a three-hour asynchronous e-learning course on students’ learning assessment during simulation, was designed for tutors working as raters at a simulation centre in Quebec. The ADDIE Model (Ghirardini et al., 2012) structured the design of the e-learning course : learning needs analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The Rater Cognition Framework (Gauthier, St-Onge et Tavares, 2016) was used to design and develop the course’s content, and the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer, 2009) guided it’s technopedagogical aspects. The tutors who tested the course perceived that it met their learning needs. Their global satisfaction regarding the e-learning course was high and they were very satisfied with its flexibility, accessibility, and interactivity. This appears to be the first e-learning course in French on students’ learning assessment during simulation. This course could be taken specifically by faculty simulation educators or by clinical preceptors who assess students’ learning by directly observing their performance.

Keyphrases: Summative evaluation, Rubric, Rater cognition, Clinical simulation, Training of trainers, Online learning
Validité de construit d’une traduction française du Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Cheklist For DSM-5 auprès d’une population clinique au prise avec un trouble de stress post-traumatique

Background: In Canada, the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is estimated to be 9.2%. Several questionnaires have been developed to measure the symptoms of PTSD including the PTSD Checklist For DSM-5 (PCL-5). This questionnaire has been validated several times with non-clinical or military samples. However, PCL-5 has never been validated with a clinical and civilian sample. Also, the ideal factor number of PCL-5 has yet to be demonstrated. Objective: This study aims to establish the construct validity of PCL-5 in a clinical and civilian sample of 132 participants with PTSD. The 3 main factor structures will be analyzed in order to retain the one that presents the best results. Methodology: Factor structures were measured with confirmatory factor analyzes and bifactor analyzes. Internal consistency was measured from McDonald's Omega coefficient. Convergent and discriminant validity was measured by Pearson correlations with other constructs. Results: In terms of fit statistics, the 7-factor model obtained the best results. In terms of reliability and convergent and divergent validity, the 4-factor model has the most optimal results. Discussion: Overall, the 4-factor model is the most appropriate for the PCL-5. In addition, the 6 and 7 factor models have some methodological and statistical limitations. Finally, the PCL-5 is a valid and reliable questionnaire for a clinical and civilian population.

Keyphrases: PTSD Checklist For DSM-5 (PCL-5), validation study, post-traumatic stress disorder, construct validity
Le modèle bayésien de l’intégration identitaire : vers une approche dynamique des processus internes du soi

Societies grow and modify themselves continually. It becomes more and more difficult for people to avoid social change. When social change does show up, people need to modify who they are as to adapt themselves to their new environment and experience well-being. Several studies propose stages that lead to identity integration, but these processes remain limited to a static perspective. Static processes cannot explain how people actualize their identities on an iterative basis every day. The goal of the present study is to develop a new dynamic conceptualization of identity integration. To do so, we merge two fields of research: social psychology and fields of computed neuroscience and machine learning as to create our model: The Bayesian Model of Identity Integration (BMII). We discuss and test the BMII in two studies. In the first study, we describe the theoretical basis of our model along with two examples of how the BMII could explain a personal and a social identity integration. In the second study, we test several parts of the BMII in the context of cannabis legalization in Canada. Such context may have changed people’s integration of cannabis into their identity of Canadians. We measure cannabis integration of 1682 Canadians over three measurement time questionnaires. The BMII is used on all three questionnaires and produce scores that aim to predict cannabis integration at time 3. Regression tests between predicted scores and actual scores of cannabis integration at time 3 shows positive predictions. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications are discussed.

Keyphrases: Identity integration, Bayesian operations, Dynamic process
Changements développementaux dans la survenue d'épisodes de somnambulisme chez les patients somnambules adultes

Far from being benign, somnambulistic episodes can be frequent and/or severe and with high risk of injury. Episodes may also be accompanied by sleep mentation with variable degrees of retrograde amnesia. The present thesis investigated how somnambulistic episodes unfold over time, a topic that remains understudied. Adult sleepwalkers with a diagnosis of primary somnambulism and a childhood onset of the disorder (n = 113) were assessed for changes in frequency of their episodes, recall of episode-related sleep mentation and aggressive episodes during childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Additionally, sleepwalkers (n= 52) with childhood- onset of sleep terrors (a NREM parasomnia commonly experienced by sleepwalkers) were assessed for developmental changes in sleep terror frequency. The frequency of somnambulistic episodes remained unchanged during childhood and adolescence before increasing into adulthood. An opposite trend was observed for the frequency of sleep terrors. The frequency of aggressive somnambulistic episodes and of sleep mentation associated with somnambulism increased from childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. By contrast, the recall of sleep mentation associated with sleep terrors did not change over time. Additionally, a higher frequency of aggressive somnambulistic episodes predicted a higher frequency of sleep mentation associated with somnambulism. These findings were similar between men and women. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that in chronic sleepwalkers, sleep mentation associated with somnambulistic episodes increases with age while episodes worsen in frequency and severity from childhood to adulthood.

Keyphrases: Somnambulism, Episode frequency, Episode-related sleep mentation, Episode recall, Aggressive episodes, Sleep terrors
Synthèse de couches optiques par co-dépôt pour les miroirs de LIGO

In 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) observed for the first time gravitational waves generated by the merger of two black holes. This observation was the resut of 40 years of efforts to minimize the noise source which affect the the interferometer. To this date, the sensitivity of LIGO, in its most sensitive frequency domain, is limited by the granularity of the light on one hand, on the other, by a phenomenon of thermal fluctuations resulting from the mechanical dissipation in the thin film of the miroir, in particular in the high refractive index material: tantala. An improvement of the sensitivity would allow the measurement of more events, other gravitational phenomena and some details that would result in a better understanding. This master’s thesis presents results of our research to reduce the noise caused by internal mechanical dissipation in high refractive index layers. To do so, tantala layers were doped with either zirconium and titanium by co-deposition. Layers with different amounts of dopant were synthesized by magnetron sputtering on fused silica substrate similar to those of LIGO. Subsequently, mechanical dissipation, thickness, roughness, composition, areal density and microstructure were characterized by gentle nodal suspension, spectrally resolved ellipsometry, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. It appears that zirconium allows the annealing temperature to be increased before crystallization which further decreases internal mechanical dissipation, but does not change dissipation at a given annealing temperature. It was also determined that the concentration of titanium reduced the loss angle regardless of the zirconium concentration. A combination of the two dopant and high annealing temperatures thus enables the internal mechanical dissipation to be lower by a factor of 1.5.The difference in thermal expansion coefficient during high temperature annealing, however, induces layer cracking problems, partially resolved by the application of a silica cap.

Keyphrases: Tantala, Titania, Internal mechanical dissipation, Loss angle, Magnetron sputtering, High power impulse magnetron sputtering, Annealing temperature
Étude fondamentale d’une Décharge à Barrière Diélectrique en N2 à la pression atmosphérique en régime de Townsend

The objective of this master thesis is to characterize a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure in nitrogen gas in a homogeneous regime. The objective is on the one hand to highlight the different fundamental parameters of these discharges (electronic temperature, electronic density, density of excited and metastable species) but also their spatio-temporal evolutions. In this context a structured electrode was made to characterize the discharge along the gas flow lines as well as optical emission spectroscopy measurements to study the physical chemistry of these discharges. Variations in breakdown voltage and discharge current could be observed between the entrance and the exit of the plasma reactor. This variation could be related to a change in the metastable population of nitrogen N2(A) along the gas flow. In addition, no significant variation in the electronic temperature was noted. In this work, spreading effects of the Townsend discharge were highlighted by a simple and quick method of estimating the discharge area. The discharge is initiated at the exit due to a larger population of energy species compared to the entrance. Wrong discharge area estimates lead to poor estimates of capacitance values of the equivalent circuit and thus to incorrect electrical parameters such as discharge current and gas voltage. This can lead to misinterpretations of DBD physics. The proposed method can be applied with or without fractional electrode, and also in the presence of reactive species suitable for thin-film deposition.

Keyphrases: DBD, Homogeneous discharge, Atmospheric pressure, Current voltage characteristics, Optical emission spectroscopy, Equivalent circuit, Memory effect
Analyse critique du concept d'aletheia chez Protagoras et Gorgias

With this thesis, I intend to analyze the concept of aletheia and its criteria in Protagoras and Gorgias, the two renowned figures of the original Sophistic movement. We mostly know their theories through their detractors, the most famous of them being Plato. Conversely, many an author sympathetic to them such as Sextus Empiricus has also enlightened us on the matter. According to these doxographers, sophists, essentially, are advocates of relativism, skepticism and even nihilism in some cases. Through an objective and careful analysis of the works of these two scholars – their treatises being quite fragmentary – I will attempt to establish a theory of truth and its criteria while avoiding the pitfalls of a Platonic and skeptical distorted reflection.

Keyphrases: Persuasion, Criteria, Democracy, Being, Phenomenalism, Plausibility, Rhetoric, Truth
La connaissance des notions premières selon Avicenne, Thomas d'Aquin et Jean Duns Scot

This work reviews and analyzes a view shared by Avicenna, Thomas Aquinas, and John Duns Scotus concerning the primary notions, examining their arguments in the light of their other philosophical commitments, especially Aristotelian ones. Each in their own way, these philosophers claim that being is this primary notion. Being has a twofold priority. In the logical order, being is presupposed by all other notions. In the cognitive order, being is the first conceived by the intellect.

Keyphrases: Jean Duns Scot, Intellection, Primary notions, Avicenna, Thomas Aquinas, John Duns Scotus, Being, Knowledge
Pour un nationalisme inclusif au Québec : repenser l’interculturalisme dans le cadre de la conception de la reconnaissance des individus et des peuples de Michel Seymour

The main objective of this essay is to propose a model for integration that could reconcile Québec’s two imperatives that are the need for national assertion and the recognition of pluralism. We believe that the interculturalism model, developed in Québec and theorized by Gérard Bouchard especially, constitutes a good starting point. However, we need to make adjustments. Bouchard’s approach is social, historical and cultural. Yet it is the political approach we need to engage into. In order to stimulate the development of an inclusive nationalism, interculturalism has to draw a citizenship space that is specific to Québec. Since the Québec nation isn’t sovereign, such a citizenship space entails the recognition not only of individuals but also of the nation itself. Hence it is necessary to review the philosophical roots of interculturalism in order for it to take into account not only individual rights, but also collective rights. To do so, we need to focus on Michel Seymour’s notion of recognition of individuals and nations. The first chapter analyzes and summarizes Seymour’s notion of recognition, which is developed in the framework of Rawl’s political liberalism. The second chapter aims to rebuild interculturalism on Seymour’s theoretical bases. We begin by defending, with Seymour, the Québec nation as a sociopolitical nation. We then defend that the possibility of a specific citizenship space for Québec depends on the Canadian State’s recognition of the Québec nation. The following step consists in elaborating the political version of interculturalism and then in examining the model of secularism developed by Seymour and Gosselin-Tapp as resulting from it. Finally, rebuilding interculturalism onto political bases enables to contribute to the debate between interculturalism and multiculturalism. Interculturalism distinguishes itself from multiculturalism as an integration model that draws specific citizenship spaces for non-sovereign political societies. In doing so, interculturalism reveals a universal potential in constituing a tailored approach for sociopolitical nations like Québec, Scotland or Catalonia.

Keyphrases: Québec, Michel Seymour, interculturalism, collective rights, political liberalism, recognition, institutional identity, nationalism, citizenship, secularism
L’argumentaire scripturaire dans le Breviloquium de Guillaume d’Ockham et son originalité épistémologique

William of Ockham (c. 1285-88 / 1347), mostly known for his nominalism, is also the author of an important work on political philosophy. In 1324, he is summoned to appear in Avignon where he is immediately immersed in the middle of the debate between the Order of Friars Minor and the papacy concerning the Christ’s poverty and the Order’s poverty. In this context, Ockham will break with the Church and go to the court of Louis IV the Bavarian, where he will devote the rest of his life to political philosophy. Between 1328 and 1347, he writes about ten books, including the Breviloquium de principatu tyrannico (c. 1339-1341). This book is the synthesis of Ockham’s reflections and thoughts on the limitations of the papal power, and the rights and responsibilities of the pope and the prince. Based on a literal interpretation of the Bible, mostly the New Testament, Ockham demonstrates the absence of papal power in the temporal sphere. The method and content of the Breviloquium make it a noticeable work, offering the best access to Ockham’s mature thought on the limitation and separation of the two powers. Ockham’s epistemology, inspired by Francis of Assisi, have is own originality. Thus, Ockham in the Breviloquium has an innovative reasoning method for that time, articulating theology, logic, and scientific character. This study will demonstrate this original aspect of William of Ockham.

Keyphrases: Breviloquium de principatu tyrannico, William of Ockham, Medieval political philosophy, Epistemology, Hermeneutics, Separation of Powers, Hierocracy
Les présupposés éthiques de la théorie de la justice comme équité de John Rawls

This thesis seeks to bring to light the substantial normative presuppositions of the theory of justice as equity (TJE) of John Rawls. More precisely, it tries to deduce and define its ethical presuppositions, that is to say what it implicitly considers to be constitutive goods of justice. In assuming the existence of normative elements that pertain to the question of the good prior to the norms of justice, this research proposal in itself questions the essential feature of Rawlsian procedural deontologism, namely the primacy of the right over the good. In this regard we follow Paul Ricœur, as we reiterate his thesis on the primacy of ethics, understood as ends relatives to the good, on morality, understood as universal norms defining obligations. According to this thesis, any moral norm is necessarily anchored in an ethical aim that precedes it or, to put it in Rawls' words, in a sense of justice. We first attempt to demonstrate that two ethical presuppositions, as non-thematized ideals, nevertheless govern from end to end all the theoretical ordering of the TJE. We could thus say that they are the most elementary normative fixed points of the sense of justice operating the reflective equilibrium. These are the assumptions of self-determination of people and symmetrical reciprocity. Then, using what Ricœur called his "petite éthique", which is in explicit dialogue with Rawls, we attempt to specify the original aims of the good which give normative potency to each of the two ethical presuppositions. Once the particularity of the sense of justice at the origin of the TJE is thus exposed and clarified, it will be possible to recognize the theoretical and practical shortcomings that a political theory that claims to avoid controversial questions about the good in order to justify the possibility of reaching mutual understanding will inevitably encounter.

Keyphrases: justice, éthique, Rawls, Ricœur, moral, ethics, deontologism, contractualism, proceduralism, theory of justice as equity, autonomy, reciprocity, sense of justice, reflective equilibrium
De la forme de la philosophie chez Walter Benjamin : révélation et interdit des images

This master’s thesis deals with the question of the form of philosophy in Walter Benjamin’s thought and, more specifically, the unity of his philosophical gesture. This unity, or coherence, has always posed a problem, not only as a consequence of the heterogeneity of his writings but also because of their apparently contradictory tendencies. Taking note of the main difficulties that arose within the initial reception of Benjamin’s writings, which have tended to separate and oppose these tendencies, the first chapter proposes to reassemble them along two axes : one opposing theology and historical materialism, the other opposing image and concept. Against unilateral readings, the present thesis defends an interpretation of Benjamin’s writings that dialectically reunites the polarities which, in their various tensions, in fact give unity to his thought. In this way, new light is shed on the definition of the form of philosophical history given by Benjamin: “out of remote extremes … emerges the totality of such oppositions – a totality that is marked out by the possibility of their meaningful juxtaposition”. In the second chapter, the polarities outlined in the first chapter are resolved within a materialist theory of revelation, conceived in the 1930s as a materialist historiography. On the basis of  a commentary on the so-called theological writings of the young Benjamin, the third chapter presents the elements of his aesthetics, which tend towards a materialist formulation. Finally, Benjamin’s dialectic, and so the core his philosophical gesture, is interpreted as the surprising result of two theological mainstays — revelation and the prohibition of images — which, together, irresistibly lead theology towards a heretical version of historical materialism.

Keyphrases: Walter Benjamin, Dialectic, Theology, Aesthetic, Revelation, Prohibition of images, Philosophy, Critical theory, Historical materialism
Une double subversion de genre(s) chez Nietzsche, ou comment philosopher par le poétique

In Beyond Good and Evil (1886), Friedrich Nietzsche proclaims the necessity of a new language serving the philosophy of the future he envisions. While his writing refuses to advocate for explicit descriptions deemed too conceptually fixed, it becomes the ostentation of this new language. Faithful to a resolutely multidisciplinary perspective, this dissertation proposes to underline how Nietzsche’s work purposefully blurs the border between philosophy and literature. Since the complexity of the world is irreducible to traditional philosophical concepts, it is rather a matter of illustrating perspectivist truths through poetic and playful textual stylization. Many artistically creative interpretations of reality are thus expressed and elaborated through writing. Specifically, the metaphor of the woman spun in Nietzsche’s works personifies in turn truth, life and wisdom, and is central to his affirmative philosophy of reality. It depicts veiled, modest female characters, such entities evading philosophy’s attempted conceptual grasp. Obeying aletheia’s (truth’s) principle of unveiling, its aim is comparable to the juvenile indecency of the suitor who knows not how to conquer the object of his love, hence committing acts of violence toward it. I propose to exhibit chronologically and thematically the various occurrences of the metaphor of the woman, which will then be read in parallel to the works or commentaries by Jacques Derrida, Sarah Kofman and Hélène Cixous. A characterization of certain female mythological figures intertwined in the examined passages (namely the Sphinx, Baubo and Medusa) will indicate that Nietzsche’s texts surreptitiously operate gender subversions. I will call upon Judith Butler’s Queer Theory to grasp in detail the upheaval of that canonical figures represented by truth/life/wisdom-woman and philosophy-man. As a result, these gender identity subversions will appear intimately tied to subversions of the textual genre. An interpretation of the veil motif, by tangibly linking the metaphor of the woman to the Nietzschean meaning of the future poet-philosopher, will show that the valorization of appearances by poetic writing, usually perceived as deceptive, defies the consecrated forms of philosophical writing. Consequently, it has a significant incidence on human beings’ apprehension of reality or realities.

Keyphrases: Nietzsche, Gender Studies, Subversion, Metaphor of the Woman, Poetics, Queer Theory