NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Attitudes et pratiques alimentaires des principaux intervenants face à l’alimentation des enfants de 0 – 5 ans au Québec

Issue: Having become a public health problem, the rise of childhood obesity in Canada remains worrying. The child's environment will influence the acquisition of his eating habits. Parents and child care providers play a key role in developing a food environment that promotes the development of healthy eating habits in children. Objective: This project aims to explore the attitudes and dietary practices of childcare providers and parents of children aged 0 to 5 in Quebec. Methodology: This project was carried out as part of the "Food Offers and Practices" project reviewed in Quebec day care centers. An electronic survey was conducted in 2015 by Extenso. The questions selected were inspired by previous surveys from 2009 to 2011, covering the profile of childcare settings, their training and information sources, the food habits of the participants, the sharing of responsibilities, their level of involvement with healthy food habits and the role that they perceive to play in the acquisition of children's eating habits. Descriptive statistical analyses were completed, including frequency tables, cross-tabulations with chi-square tests, and correlations to determine relationships between variables. Results: The total number of responses received is 3922, including 1451 educators, 360 food managers and 2111 parents. Parents and educators believe that their respective roles in children's eating habits are important. Both parents and educators consider that the appetite of the child is variable and do not change their eating habits according to the weight of the child. The sources of information available on child nutrition are poorly known or used by parents and educators. Conclusion: This study indicates that parents and educators use dietary practices that promote the development of healthy eating habits by children. Educational work remains relevant to the concept of shared responsibilities between the child and the adult. In order to intervene, it would be relevant to develop a strategy to reach parents and educators and to get them to consult the available sources of information.

Keyphrases: Parents, Healthy eating, Preschool children, Caregivers, Feeding practices, Eating habits
Composantes nutritionnelles en lien avec le diabète associé à la fibrose kystique

Cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) is a new common comorbidity in CF. Despite a supplementation, vitamin D deficiency is frequent in CF. Some studies have observed that low vitamin D levels are associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Interventional studies in type 2 diabetes have demonstrated a beneficial impact of fiber supplement on post-prandial glycaemia (PPG). Objectives: 1) Study the relationship between vitamin D and glucose tolerance in a CF population and 2) Evaluate the efficiency of a soluble fiber supplement to lower PPG on CF patients with glucose intolerance. Methodology: 1) Cross-sectional observational study with CF patients (≥ 18 years, N = 178) having a measure of vitamin D and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed on the same day. 2) Double-blinded crossover interventional study with three interventions: placebo, dose #1 and dose #2 of soluble fiber consumed before breakfast. Blood glucose and insulin were measured during the interventions. Results: 1) No difference between vitamin D levels and glycemic parameters was observed. 2) No beneficial effects of fiber supplementation on PPG was seen. Conclusion: An impact of vitamin D and a fiber supplementation on blood glucose control seem unlikely. Vitamin D supplementation remains essential for optimal bone health in CF patients.

Keyphrases: Cystic fibrosis, Diabetes, Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, Vitamin D, Fiber
Prise en charge nutritionnelle et gestion du surpoids dans le diabète de type 1

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on intensive insulin therapy are required to practice carbohydrate counting, but this task adds a burden to the daily management of the disease. Moreover, this method contributes to the glucocentric nutritional approach that isn’t focussed on nutritional quality. A questionnaire allowed us to demonstrate that patients with T1D have difficulties with the application of carbohydrate counting and previous studies have proved that T1D patients have poor nutritional quality. In parallel, the profile of T1D patients has drastically changed over the years, with the progression of overweight and obesity, which could explain the prevalence of up to 45% of metabolic syndrome, a status associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. In the absence of specific recommendations for this group at this point, we have demonstrated that a nutritional intervention focusing on nutritional quality (low-fat diet and Mediterranean diet) was feasible and led to an improved cardiometabolic profile. The absence of significant differences between both dietary interventions suggest that individualization of the dietary approach is necessary and future studies are required to optimize the teaching and change the glucocentric approach for the promotion of nutritional quality integrated in healthy lifestyle habits.

Keyphrases: Type 1 diabetes, Metabolic syndrome, Carbohydrate counting, Mediterranean diet, Cardiometabolic risk, Interventional study, Nutritional quality
Méthodologie pour l’analyse de données de criblage : application à l'étude de la leucémie myéloïde aiguë

High throughput screens (HTS) allow us to evaluate the efficacy of multiple chemical compounds for various conditions. HTS data is analyzed by fitting a mathematical model to normalized dose-response data and by interpreting the adjusted parameters. The tools currently available to do such analysis lack flexibility in their protocol and are not able to statistically compare two fittings. The aim of this project is to establish an automated pipeline able to generate, analyse and compare fittings for various experimental contexts. The fittings are obtained by adjusting the parameters of the log-logistic model with a non-linear regression algorithm. We are putting forward the concept of a group, which is used to fit the model for a given set of samples. This approach seems to be robust even when the data contains outliers. We also propose a statistical approach based on data simulation and resampling to obtain confidence intervals for the adjusted parameters and to compare two independant fittings. Our proposed pipeline is applied to experimental context where we study the effects of chemical compounds on leukemic cells. While many analysis are done by only interpreting the IC50, our results suggest that other parameters should also be considered when establishing th efficacy of a compound. These parameters help to characterize and better understand a given chemical compound.

Keyphrases: Régression non-linaire, Simulation Monte-Carlo, Leucémie myéloïde aiguë, Nonlinear regression, Monte-Carlo simulation, Bootstrap resample, High throughput screen, Acute myeloid leukemia, Bioinformatics
Impact de SRP72 sur le facteur de transcription ETV6 dans la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer and is an important cause of childhood mortality. ALL is a complex genetic disease whose causes remain unclear. In 25% of ALL patients, the ETV6 gene is inactivated due to t(12;21) translocation followed by deletion of the residual allele. Thus, ETV6 loss of function might be a constitutive event in ALL development. ETV6 is a transcriptional repressor implicated in hematopoiesis and ubiquitously expressed. Its activity depends on several genes but only a few of them are known. We used a high throughput shRNA screen to identify potential ETV6 modulators including SRP72. This protein plays a role in translation through the SRP complex, which is implicated in peptides translocation from cytoplasm to endoplasmic reticulum. Additionally, SRP72 is potentially implicated in the transcription through its chromatin binding property. Moreover, SRP9, another member of the SRP complex, and CBX3, which modulate ETV6 in a similar way to SRP72, have been shown by mass spectrometry to bind ETV6. The similarities between these two proteins and SRP72 suggest a physical interaction between these three modulators and ETV6. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of SRP72 on ETV6 modulation.  First, we showed that inhibition of the SRP complex doesn’t affect transcriptional repression by ETV6 suggesting that SRP72 impacts independent from the translation pathway. Then, we investigated SRP72 binding with the ETV6 transcriptional complex using co-immunoprecipitation assays. The results suggest that there is no physical interaction between the potential modulators and ETV6, supporting that SRP72 may rather have a role on chromatin and impacts ETV6 DNA binding. Moreover, ETV6 activity remains unchanged after SRP9 silencing confirming that ETV6 modulation is independent from the SRP complex. The identification of new transcriptional partners of ETV6 and the characterization of their functional impact will shed light on the origin of ALL and its progression.

Keyphrases: SRP72, pediatric cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ETV6 transcription factor, transcriptional regulation, SRP complex, co-immunoprecipitation
La problématique de la responsabilité pénale des enfants impliqués dans les actes terroristes de Boko Haram au Cameroun

In Cameroonian criminal law, as well as in international criminal law, there is no clear and specific legal framework for the question of the criminal responsibility of children involved in terrorist acts. On one hand, the legal status of these children is not unanimous in criminal law. On the other hand, the Jihadist group Boko Haram, located in Northeast Nigeria, regularly uses children to carry out terrorist attacks on Cameroonian soil. Regarding such situation, we wonder whether the criminal responsibility of these children may be engaged. The answer to this question is not obvious and may lie in the degree of perception of the concept of child in criminal law, which makes it difficult to implement the criminal responsibility of terrorist children and the issue of impunity for terrorist acts involving children. In the first chapter, the author analyses the factors that may make it difficult or uncertain to implement such criminal responsibility and tries, in the second chapter, to consider the solutions to fill such gaps.

Keyphrases: Boko Haram, Terrorism, Child, Legal status, Criminal responsibility, Cameroonian criminal law, International criminal law
La médiation obligatoire en droit civil comme outil pour favoriser l'accès à la justice

How far are we willing to go to encourage litigants to settle their disputes amicably? This thesis focuses on the phenomenon of mandatory mediation as a tool to promote access to justice. Through a comparative study of the various mandatory schemes in place, notably in Canada, Australia, Italy and the United Kingdom, the author seeks to debunk certain myths regarding mandatory mediation. Responding to criticisim that is often made of this phenomenon, this thesis studies the effect of the coercion to integrate the process on the benefits traditionally associated with mediation. It also addresses the dangers of this obligation, including the balance of power between the parties. Moreover, it questions the economic benefits of mandatory mediation and the effects that such an obligation may have on judicial delays. Finally, inspired by the various programs already in place, it identifies the conditions for success of a mandatory mediation scheme, particularly with regard to the choice of model, the possibilities to be exempted of it, the payment of the mediator's fees, the lawyers place in the mediation process and the cultural elements that can influence the success of a mandatory mediation program.

Keyphrases: Canada, Mandatory, Compulsory, quasi compulsory, Italy, England, United-Kingdom, Australia, Alternative dispute resolution (ADR), Mediation
Equal yet different : why should beneficiaries of subsidiary protection have the same rights as refugees? : a comparative study between Canada, Germany, Hungary, and the EU

Asylum seekers who obtain international protection are either considered as refugees or as beneficiaries of (subsidiary) protection. This difference might influence the terms of stay of recognized asylum seekers and their benefits in several countries. In Canada, both terms exist but they do not affect a person’s terms of stay. In the EU, the protection that has been granted can make a difference, depending on the reception country. This study analyzes if Germany, Hungary and the EU should reform their asylum systems to improve the rights of beneficiaries of subsidiary protection. The objective is to answer the question why there should be a difference between both groups by determining the difference between refugees and beneficiaries of (subsidiary) protection. For this purpose, the different legal framework of Canada, Germany, Hungary, and the EU will be compared to discuss the different approaches. An analysis based on human rights will show that the distinction is a discrimination against a group of asylum seekers. Furthermore, an evaluation will demonstrate that the factor vulnerability should provide for an equal treatment of refugees and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection. Arguing with utilitarianism, the study will provide an economic perspective about the status of protection. Last, recommendations for the treatment of beneficiaries of subsidiary protection regarding the EU, Germany, and Hungary will be given.

Keyphrases: Canada, Discrimination, Asylum seeker, Refugee, Subsidiary protection, UE, EU, Germany, Hungary, Human rights, Vulnerability
Within-subject comparison of two- versus three-implant-assisted mandibular overdenture : patient-based outcomes

ABSTRACT  Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of an additional midline implant to support an existing mandibular two-implant overdenture, on patient-based outcomes (patients’ satisfaction and expectations). Methods: This study was nested within a previous clinical trial conducted at the Université de Montréal. Seventeen edentulous individuals (mean age: 61.9 ± 6.6 years) received three threaded implants in the interforaminal mandibular area and a mandibular overdenture using two Locator® attachments. The midline implant was left unloaded over a two-year period. At the two-year follow-up, using a standard protocol, the third implant received a Locator® attachment and the overdenture was converted to a three-implant-assisted overdenture. The clinical and perceived anterior–posterior movements of mandibular prostheses were measured before and after the conversion. Patients’ expectation and satisfaction in regard to mandibular prosthesis as well as their willingness to pay the cost for the conversion were evaluated by using validated self-administered questionnaires. Data collection was conducted at baseline and after six weeks of wearing the converted mandibular prosthesis. Socio-demographic data were also collected. Descriptive statistics and non-paramteric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Data analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in the anterior–posterior movement (p = 0.005) of overdenture as evaluated by clinicians. Study participants reported an increase in perceived stability of the overdenture (p = 0.005), and in their ability to speak (p = 0.011) and to chew hard food (p = 0.012). The addition of a third implant met the expectations of 94% of patients in regard to lower denture stability, 100% for retention, and 82.4% for comfort. The 3-implant-assisted mandibular overdenture increased patients’ general satisfaction over a short period of time, but this improvement was not statistically significant. About 80% of patients would recommend this type of prosthesis to their peers but only 47% of them would agree to pay a large increase in the cost of treatment compared to 2-implant overdenture. Conclusions: The addition of a midline third implant to an existing 2-mandibular-implant overdenture will lead to better patient-based outcomes. However, the additional cost of the treatment may influence patient preferences.

Keyphrases: Clinical trial, Dental implants, Overdentures, Mandibular prosthesis, Patient satisfaction
Évaluation des malocclusions dentaires et besoins de traitements chez les enfants du primaire issus d’une école montréalaise

INTRODUCTION: Dental treatment need is prevalent among schoolchildren and can exert and impact on quality of life. In addition, malocclusions may contribute to occurrence of dental caries. So far, no studies have been published on an underprivileged 8-12 years old group regarding the country of origin or immigration date to a developed country. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between malocclusion and dental treatment need, country of origin and immigration date among underprivileged schoolchildren and to explore the association between dental treatment need, country of origin and immigration date to Canada.  MATERIALS/METHODS: Two hundred and seventy children aged 8-12 years old in a Montreal public school were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Parents completed a structured questionnaire including demographic variables such as country of origin and immigration date. Malocclusion was scored using the Dental Aesthetic Index, and the presence of dental treatment need was recorded. Data analysis included T-Tests, Pearson Correlation, Anova test and Fisher’s exact test.  RESULTS: No association was found between dental treatment need and dental aesthetic index (p=0.179). We found no association between dental aesthetic index and immigration date (p=0.989). Dental aesthetic index was significantly higher in the children from Maghreb countries (Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria) compared to Africa, Central America and Asia (p=0.034). No association was found between the dental treatment need and the country of origin (p=0.229) neither between the dental treatment need and the immigration date (p=0.817).  CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggest no association between malocclusion, dental treatment need and immigration date among 8-12 years-old underprivileged schoolchildren. Dental malocclusions were significantly higher in the children from Maghreb countries. No statistical association between dental treatment need, country of origin and immigration date to Canada were found.

Keyphrases: Malocclusion, Dental Aesthetic Index, Orthodontics, Dental Aesthetic Index, Dental Treatment Need, Underprivileged Schoolchildren
Apnée obstructive du sommeil durant la grossesse et orthèse dentaire : une
 étude pilote de faisabilité

Issue: The prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases during pregnancy due to weight gain, physiological and hormonal changes. OSA have a negative impact on perinatal health for both the mother and the child. The optimal treatment for OSA in pregnancy is unknown. Although CPAP therapy is often the treatment of choice, the mandibular advancement appliance would be an interesting alternative to solve the matter. Objectives: The main objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the feasibility of mandibular advancement device to treat OSA during pregnancy and postpartum. Secondary objectives will be to develop tools to plan a future randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of this treatment.  Study design: Intervention pilot study uncontrolled experimental cohort  Population: 17 pregnant women with OSA with an apnea - hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 10 events / hr diagnosed by a sleep test at home. Methodology: Patients are treated with a mandibular advancement device (MAD) (Somnodent Flex, SomnoMed, USA) with a compliance sensor (Dentitrac, Braebon, Canada) during 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. MAD was initially titrated to 70% of maximum protrusion and if necessary thereafter. PSG were made at least 3 times at the following time points: before treatment (PSG1), after titration (PSG2) and 6 months postpartum (PSG3). Five visits are required. Health and sleep questionnaires were completed. Data on newborns health were also collected. Results: This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of mandibular advancement device to treat OSA during pregnancy and postpartum. In addition, effects of treatment are beneficial on sleep and breathing variables in comparison with baseline data. Patients are satisfied with the treatment in general and very few complications have been reported. Compliance is good. (6,4 h/night during pregnancy) Conclusion: Those results show the importance and the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size to demonstrate efficacy, adherence and cost effectiveness of this treatment.

Keyphrases: Obstructive sleep apnea, Pregnancy, Mandibular advancement appliance
Devenir minorité : une monographie des institutions de la communauté chiite iranienne de Montréal

Installation of the Muslim diaspora in Quebec has given rise to much researches in social sciences about this population and its migratory experiences became research topic of social scientists. However, it seems that intern diversity of this population in term of ethnicity and religious affiliation remain neglected. This thesis responds to this lacuna by highlighting Twelver Shias, the largest minority within Islam. Specifically, the Iranian community, by considering multiple variables that structured their institutions in the migratory context. The first-generation of Shia practitioners have held majority status in their home country of Iran, but they are viewed as a minority not only in the host society but also in the Muslim community itself. I wondered how this population interacts with their new status. Beyond the studies that have been composed about the Muslim diaspora, what kind of question is related to their affiliation to Shia confession and Iranian nation? In the process of negotiation with the host society and concerning what they bring with themselves as migrants, does the internal diversity of this religion reflect in their organizations? Does the minority status bring them closer together? Or in contrast, far from state supervision on religion, do new forms of religiosity appear? This monograph about Iranian Shia institutions in Montreal is written by using participatory observation. I did 17 in-depth interviews with organizers and members of these organizations. Finally, I have established a typology of the four visions of Shiism through a comparative analysis of active institutions in the community. This typology refers to four different approaches to community actions and "living" strategies in a migratory context.

Keyphrases: Diaspora chiite, Shia diaspora, Iranian community, Religious institution, Religious minority