NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Prévention, contre-prévention et analyse d’impact : le cas du clonage de carte de débit

Context and objectives. Each year, economic crimes generate important economic and social losses. Many enterprises, including private enterprises, collaborated and introduced initiatives in order to combat this criminality. Fraud using automated payment cards is a crime in full expansion against which many organizations have taken actions. The objective of this dissertation is, on one hand, to improve the knowledge on the impact of preventive measures implemented in the branches of a retailer and, on the other hand, to estimate their impact on the criminal decision-making process. Methodology. The effect of preventive measures is assessed through interrupted time series analysis. In addition, members the retailer security staff were interviewed and a review of event reports associated with debit card fraud was performed. Results. The preventive measures were associated to various results. Depending on the preventive measure, one can observe either an increase or a decrease in the number of crimes performed. It is also observed that some measures have resulted in tactical and spatial displacements. Some offenders have also started to commit other types of crimes. Conclusion. The results suggest that the preventive measures implemented had a significant preventive effect on debit card crimes. However, the presence of many types of displacement shows that the offenders have adjusted to those preventive measures. In order to properly document this type of crime and associated displacements, additional studies are necessary.

Keyphrases: Fraud, Debit card, Situational prevention, Interrupted time series, Interview, Event report review, Displacement, Script
Cahier des charges fonctionnel pour la conception et l’évaluation des plans d’intervention

The policy on special education in Quebec confirms that the Individualized Education Plan (IEP) remains the essential tool for planning intervention to be carried out with child and youth with learning disabilities. Nonetheless a review of the literature indicates that IEPs are in need of improvement. The Ministry of Education in Quebec (2004) and the Special Education and Rehabilitative Services U.S. Department of Education (in Eichler, 1999) explicitly identify five to six functions. However, none of them define what a function is, what is the role of a function, its relative importance and implication. Furthermore, we find in the reference framework for the establishments of IEPs (MELS, 2004), in the literature review, in practice that there are many more functions an IEP fulfills or should fulfill. This ambiguity revolving around the concept of function leads to a lack of rigor because ``when all the functions are identified it allow for the development of a product that fulfills its purpose`` (Langevin and others, 1998). There are a sum of functions an IEP already fulfills and many more that it should fulfill. Unfortunately, none of these has of yet been emphasized, specified and validated. The goal of this research was to identify the characteristic role of an IEP in regards to the needs of its different users. The specific objectives of this study were: 1) To identify the different IEP users, 2) To identify the different needs of the different IEP users, 3) To identify the different functions of an IEP, 4) To create a functional specification matrix for the conception and evaluation of IEPs, 5) To identify some of the cost related to an IEP. To reach our objectives, we proceeded with the pedagogical value analysis method (PVA). The PVA method included a need analysis of the different IEP users, a literature review analysis, an analysis of legal requirements, an analysis of different IEP models and an ecosystem analysis. As a result we have, identified the different IEP users,  identified their different needs, identified the different functions of an IEP, created a functional specification matrix (FSM)  for the conception and evaluation of IEPs and  identified some cost related to the conception of an IEP. The IEP FSM may be used to create an IEP and evaluate the efficiency of an IEP.  Part of the IEP FSM may also have a prescriptive role for the conception of a tool which supports IEP users elaborating IEPs. Finally, The IEP FSM may be used in training and research.

Keyphrases: Cost, Individualized education program, Special education, Function, Individualized education plan, Learning disabilities, IEP
Contribution des regards citoyens dans le cadre d'une démarche de prospective paysagère en milieu périurbain

While suburbs are being transformed at an alarming rate, under the pressures of the Real estate industry’s development strategies, social concerns regarding the quality of life and the resulting landscapes are currently on the rise. With these challenges to bear, stakeholders usually employ solutions from an "expert" perspective that remain impervious to existing social conditions and demands. Given the lack of knowledge from the citizens’ perspectives, there is an urgent need for developing novel methods that are capable of bringing forth this local knowledge.  A survey conducted in fall 2009 with residents of Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, on the south shore of Montreal, revealed the strength of an under-used and innovative method: the go-along. This method has demonstrated a particularly interesting technique to grasp the way dwellers qualify, imagine, value and move through their locality. Allowing privileged access to biographies and giving rise to improvised paths, the method has enabled placed-based narratives and has lead to an opening for expressing concerns, valuations and aspirations of citizens towards their community. In doing so, landscapes shift from expert evaluation to a dynamic scene where significant fragments of individual stories are told in relation to the experience of places in the everyday life. The study results conclude that the residents’ narratives and knowledge are undeniably rich and relevant to comprehending collective landscape issues and values. The existing logics and processes behind suburban landscape transformations would highly benefit from the collective wealth of dwellers’ extensive, situated and complex knowledge of the city’s geography, politics, economy and sociology. Furthermore, it can lead way to community participatory projects engaging multiple actors within a collective multifaceted reflection on the future of suburbs and the actions that should be taken towards a better future.

Keyphrases: Landscape, Suburbs, Social cultural values, Citizens, Governance, Planning processes, Mobile methodologies, Go-along, The city
De quelques livres brûlés : la représentation d'autodafés de livres au Siècle des Lumières

This thesis studies the burning of books as depicted in three French texts from the second half of the 18th century : the article “ Bibliomanie ” (1752) from the Encyclopédie, written by Jean le Rond D’Alembert, the novel l’An deux mille quatre cent quarante. Rêve s’il en fut jamais (1770) by Louis Sébastien Mercier, and the comedy le Bureau d’esprit by Jean-Jacques Rutlidge (1776-1777). These authors criticize books, but paradoxically defend their value. The first chapter is a succinct description of the growth of printed matter in France and of the changing tastes in reading. There is then a sense of being overwhelmed by the sheer volume of material, but at the same time a real admiration for writing itself. The next three chapters discuss the texts in chronological order, paying particular attention to the passages where books are burned. D’Alembert and Mercier, with some ambivalence, would like to commit to the flames most of the books which surround them. Rutlidge shows the ritual sacrifice of one work, a contemporary French translation of Shakespeare. In conclusion this thesis briefly considers four more recent texts dealing with the destruction of books : the poem “ À qui la faute ? ” by Victor Hugo, the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the play les Combustibles by Amélie Nothomb, and the novel les Corpuscules de Krause by Sandra Gordon. These works develop ideas seen in D’Alembert, Mercier and Rutlidge, showing their worthiness.

Keyphrases: D'Alembert, Mercier, Rutlidge, Encyclopédie, 18th century, Literary representation of burned books, Auto-da-fé, D'Alembert, Mercier, Rutlidge, Reception of Shakespeare, Encyclopédie
L’amphétamine intra-habenulaire n’altère pas l’effet de récompense induit par la stimulation électrique du raphé dorsal

The contribution of nucleus accumbens dopamine neurotransmission to reward and reinforcement has been the focus of many years of study. Other terminal sites have received comparatively less research attention, but may be potentially important. One of these sites is the lateral habenula, which receives dopaminergic innervation from cells arising from the ventral tegmental area. Very little is known about the contribution of this pathway to reward in general and to the rewarding effect of electrical brain stimulation in particular. The goal of this study was to study the contribution of mesohabenular dopamine to reward induced by electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with bilateral cannulae in the lateral habenula and a stimulation electrode aimed at the dorsal raphe nucleus. Using the curveshift paradigm, we measured the rewarding effect of intra-habenular infusions of amphetamine (10-40 μg). Control rats received amphetamine infusions into nucleus accumbens core or shell subregions (1-20 μg). Our findings show that regardless of concentration, intra-habenular amphetamine did not alter brain stimulation reward. Infusions into the nucleus accumbens enhanced the rewarding effectiveness of the stimulation, as previously shown. Our findings suggest that dopaminergic neurotransmission within the lateral habenula does not contribute significantly to the circuitry that mediates the rewarding effect of electrical brain stimulation.

Keyphrases: Intracranial self-stimulation, Reward, Dopamine, Dopamine, Amphetamine, Habenula, Habenula, Nucleus accumbens, Core, Core, Shell, Shell
Darstellung und Wirklichkeit in Der Idiot und Die Dämonen, zwei Dostojewski-Bearbeitungen von Frank Castorf für die Volkbühne Berlin

As a theatre performance is a volatile piece of art, as it has a performative character, and therefore possesses its own fictional world, the two concepts “representation” and “reality” are of meaning in theater studies. In this context, the works of the Berliner theater director Frank Castorf represent particularly rich research objects. Because Castorf give a lot of value to the present and the reality of the performance, it is to ask: what role does the representation of a fictional world play in the productions of Castorf? This work aims to first identify how important the performativity for Castorf in two theater adaptations of Dostoevsky's novels is for the stage, Die Dämonen und Der Idiot. Since man mediates his own phenomenon more and more and since in this context, the reproducible media like television or cinema has an overwhelming and increasing importance in our consumer society, the theater, like other art forms, has changed. For this reason, the two theatrical adaptations were transferred to other media, that is, in films and books. This work describes the process of "re-representation", i.e. the transition from one medium to another. Here will be analyzed the connections between the various works of art and the motivations of the Berliner director and his theater, The Volksbühne Berlin, to “repurpose” the novels in plays and plays in movies and books. Moreover, despite their increasing integration in theater, video projections are still seen by certain number of puristas as invaders to be proscribed because of their threat to theatre’s essence: performativity as the encounter between actors and an audience in the same space, at the same time. However, live video-projection images can maintain a performative nature since they are likely to generate mutual influences between themselves and the members of the audience. By analyzing Frank Castorf’s Der Idiot, this thesis shows how cameras and their transmission devices have the capacity to be substituted to the main objects of the theatrical show: actors.

Keyphrases: Frank Castorf, Performativity, Reproducibility, Theatre, Demons, Dostoyevsky, Reality, Representation
Identité des Africains-Américains d'Atlanta : entre mémoire et histoire

Since twenty years, we familiarize ourselves with name Africans-Americans to indicate the American Blacks.  However, since its appearance, some people thought that this name would not be accepted by group members. However, upon of their arrival on the American continent, the Blacks identified themselves as Africans and this reference reappeared in the twentieth century.  Through interviews, carried out in Atlanta, in March 2001, we analyse the part played by the collective memory and the social memory on their identity and we interpret the speech of the individuals about the new name introduced in 1989. The thesis is an analysis historical and anthropological of discourses of identity among African Americans of Atlanta in 2001.  We identify two axes in the identification process which roots go in the nineteenth century. The awareness of the single situation of the Africans in America has always oriented identity and « … The Negro protest movement in two ways and has led in two directions simultaneously: wanting out and wanting in…» (Joanne Grant 1968, 1983, 1986 : 9).

Keyphrases: Ethnology, Memory, Identiy, Diaspora, Citizenship
Le rôle des dimensions culturelles de Hofstede en regard du fonctionnement interne des équipes de travail pluriculturelles

This doctoral thesis focuses on internal processes within multicultural teams. It consists of three articles and proposes a validated measure of cultural values at the individual level in French but also a measure of the degree of cultural homogeneity within teams. In addition, it analyzes the empirical examination of the many links between cultural homogeneity and internal processes within teams that several authors postulated but never empirically verified.   The objective of the first article is to present a review of the documentation concerning multicultural teams including the alleged impact of culture on team members’ behaviours and effects of cultural diversity on team performance and internal processes.   The second article, aims at validating the measurement of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (1980, 1991, 1994) at the individual level and in French. This study was achieved by adapting two questionnaires, one developed by Hellmann (2000) and measuring the cultural dimensions of power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and collectivism, and the second developed by Bearden, Money and Nevins (2006) and measuring the dimension of long-term orientation. The sample consists of 453 students in degree programs at l’Université de Montréal and l’Université du Québec à Montreal. Results of both exploratory factor analyses conducted have revealed seven distinct factors explaining 41.6% of variance in the first questionnaire and 61.6% of variance in the second. The composition of the sample failed to conduct analysis of variance to see if there were significant differences between different cultural groups in the sample under study and for each of the cultural dimensions. Research limitations and suggestions for future research are also presented.  The third article examines the links, postulated by many authors but never confirmed empirically, between cultural homogeneity in teams and internal processes of the team in terms of productive behaviours and counterproductive behaviours. To investigate these links, the questionnaire of Hofstede (1980, 1991) designed to capture differences at a national level has been adapted to the individual level (Temimi, Savoie et Duguay, 2008) and linked with internal processes taking place within teams (Duguay, Temimi et Savoie, 2008; Rousseau, 2003; Temimi et Savoie, 2007). This study was conducted among 67 teams. Results indicate that the overall degree of cultural homogeneity is positively related to productive team behaviours and negatively related to counterproductive behaviours. Moreover, the degree of homogeneity of the cultural dimension of femininity appears negatively related to counterproductive behaviours of social loafing and domination.

Keyphrases: Culture, Hofstede, Teamwork, Multiculturalism, Internal processes, Productive behaviours, Counterproductive behaviours, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, Cultural homogeneity
Synthèse et utilisation de dérivés de cyclopropane-1,1-diesters énantioenrichis vers l'obtention d'allènes hautement substitués

The subject of this present M.Sc. thesis is the developpement of an efficient and fast methodology toward the production of highly substituted allenes using enantioenriched cyclopropanes derivatives. The development of new synthetic methodologies in the production of these enantioenriched cyclopropan-1,1-diesters will be presented. First, the various methodologies for the preparation of activated cyclopropanes will be discussed along with their uses in the synthesis of more complex molecules. Then, the precedents in the field of asymmetric allenes synthesis will be introduced. The developpement of a viable method for the synthesis of cyclopropane-1,1-diesters using iodonium ylides will be presented. Finally, the accessibility of different highly substituted allenes by the used of cuprates will be detailed. In a second part, we will elaborate on the accessibility of the enantioenriched cyclopropane-1,1-diesters derivatives. These compounds are interesting, because they are used as starting materials in the previous methodology of allenes synthesis. This methodology has to be usable in large scale and at small cost. The last two chapters of this thesis will present the alternatives strategies for the preparation of these activated cyclopropanes by either kinetic resolution or the asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclopropenes.

Keyphrases: cyclopropane-1,1-diester derivatives, allenes, Opening of cyclopropane by SN2' addition, cuprates, cuprates, cyclopropenes, kinetic resolution of activated cyclopropanes
Le rôle de l’aldostérone sur le remodelage structurel pulmonaire et la fonction ventriculaire droite en insuffisance cardiaque congestive

BACKGROUND: Congestive heart failure (CHF) can induce pulmonary remodeling and RV dysfunction, which importantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. Despite proven efficacy, antagonism of mineralocorticoid receptors is underused in CHF and the mechanisms of its benefits still debated. We hypothesized that Aldosterone contributes to pulmonary remodeling and RV dysfunction by stimulating lung myofibroblasts (MYFs) proliferation.  METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied rats with moderate to large myocardial infarcts (MI) to allow CHF development. Two weeks after MI, rats were treated with Aldactone 100mg/kg/day (N=21) or untreated (N=24) for three weeks and compared to a sham group (N=8). Five weeks after MI, infarct size was similar in the two MI groups, both by ultrasound and pathologic measures. Compared to sham, the MI-untreated group developed CHF with reduced LV fractional shortening (53±1%vs.16±2%; mean±SEM, P<0.0001), pulmonary hypertension (RVSP:27±1vs.40±3mmHg, P<0.01) and RV hypertrophy (RV/(LV+septum):24±1%vs.38±3%, P<0.05). Aldactone treatment had no effect on these parameters and did not improve LV or RV performance. CHF induced a restrictive respiratory syndrome characterized by a downward shift of the respiratory pressure-volume loop, important lung remodeling with nearly doubling of dry lung weight (P<0.01) and evidence of lung fibrosis demonstrated by histological lung collagen fractional area (P<0.05). The Aldactone therapy could not restore pulmonary function. Finally, isolated lung MYFs did not proliferate after 48hr exposure to aldosterone (10-7M and 10-6M).  CONCLUSION: Aldosterone does not contribute to pulmonary remodeling and RV dysfunction associated with CHF. Other mechanisms of action must be responsible for the beneficial effects of Aldactone in CHF.

Keyphrases: Aldactone, Spironolactone, Congestive Heart Failure, Aldosterone, Pulmonary Heart Disease, Pulmonary Function, Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Mineralocorticoid Receptors, Aldactone, Spironolactone
Espaces de timbre générés par des réseaux profonds convolutionnels

This thesis presents a novel way of modelling timbre using machine learning algorithms. More precisely, we have attempted to build a timbre space by extracting audio features using deep-convolutional Boltzmann machines.  We first present an overview of machine learning with an emphasis on convolutional Boltzmann machines as well as models from which they are derived. We also present a summary of the literature relevant to timbre spaces and highlight their limitations, such as the small number of timbres used to build them. To address this problem, we have developed a sound generation tool that can generate as many sounds as we wish. At the system's core are plug-ins that are parameterizable and that we can combine to create a virtually infinite range of sounds. We use it to build a massive randomly generated timbre dataset that is made up of real and synthesized instruments. We then train deep-convolutional Boltzmann machines on those timbres in an unsupervised way and use the produced feature space as a timbre space.  The timbre space we obtain is a better space than a similar space built using MFCCs. We consider it as better in the sense that the distance between two timbres in that space is more similar to the one perceived by a human listener. However, we are far from reaching the performance of a human. We finish by proposing possible improvements that could be tried to close our performance gap.

Keyphrases: Convolutional boltzmann machines, Machine learning, Automatic timbre generation, Deep architectures, Feature extraction