NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Questions de sources : les janissaires ottomans dans les récits de voyage européens au XVIIIe siècle

This thesis studies the European travel literature concerning the Ottoman Empire and tries to analyse the role of the informers used by the Europeans in the creation of their representation of the janissaries within their travel accounts.    Once the janissaries and the travel literature are presented in the first chapter, the second initiates a reflexion about the form taken by the representation of the janissaries. This representation is twofold : one is « individual », and the other is « collective ». In the first, the focus is put on understanding the representation of the many individuals composing this corps while in the second, the janissaries are seen as a collective entity. Once these parameters are set, the final chapter explore the mechanisms surrounding how travellers assemble their information to understand the janissaries by using three main groups of native informants.   Following this analysis, we arrived at the conclusion that the informers either complexify, simplify or alter the perspectives of the travellers. It depends on the linguistic skills of each traveller, because it is the main factor that determines the identity of the people used by them to collect their information, and by extension, the extent to which those travellers exposed themselves to the filters created by linguistic intermediaries and translators. This conclusion enriches our understanding of the process which created the representations transmitted by travel literature, and also offers interesting leads for future analysis on travel accounts. Since considering the influence of the informers used by travellers in the description and explanation of subjects related to a scholar’s interests might be beneficial to his own understanding of his researchs.

Keyphrases: janissaries, travel literature, informers, travellers, 18th century
Étude géographique de l'adaptation des ports canadiens à la transformation de la logistique mondiale du grain

Mega-ships’ advent, widening of the Panama Canal, trade liberalization and growth of emerging markets are having a major impact on the worldwide shipping and logistics industries. In the Canadian context, researchers are increasingly studying impacts these new trends are having on Canadian grain supply chains since the 2012 privatization of the Canadian Wheat Board. However, scientific literature on grain transportation didn’t address the maritime segment of the grain supply chain.  Both the evolution of Canadian grain shipping routes and the resulting adaptation of Canadian grain port terminals raise critical long-term competitiveness issues. Considering both the lack of literature and the importance of these issues for Canada’s grain port terminal network, this research will focus on analyzing the evolution of both Canadian grain shipping routes and port performance indicators for three Canadian port systems since 2012 to offer recommendations based on the results obtained through a SWOT analysis.  Research methods use both internal databases from Canadian port authorities and AIS Tracking vessel coordinates to extract vessel routes. Results show that Canadian grain vessels are rerouted by both free-trade agreements and emerging markets while increases in vessel sizes are exerting additional pressure on an already congested port network. For these ports, subsequent adaptation requires increases in grain containerization, financial penalties for delays on the railway network, a reform on freight rates regulation and by implementing new technologies. This study, the first of its kind, will enable better decision-making for port authorities, transporters and Canadian grain industry actors within a transforming market.

Keyphrases: Grain, Vrac sec, Adaptation, Canada, Maritime transportation, Supply chain, Dry bulk, Shipping routes, Grain terminals, Free trade
La théologie de la prospérité

This master’s thesis deals with prosperity theology. The thesis is divided up into three sections. The first section is a general presentation of the movement called « prosperity theology ». The movement, its origins, its prominent figures, its major characteristics and its critics are presented to familiarize the reader with the subject at hand. The second section is an exposition of certain theological concepts found in prosperity theology literature. They are the concepts of God, theodicy, human being, expiation, healing and prosperity. The third section is a critical evaluation of prosperity theology by evangelical theologians. Problems of interpretation are raised. Indeed, the epistemology, the hermeneutics and the exegesis are critiqued. The question of the origins of the movement is debated. The theology of prosperity theologians is critiqued: their conception of God, of theodicy, of human being, of salvation, of expiation, of faith, of healing and prosperity are contested. The impact of the prosperity theology on the believer’s theology is considered. The question of orthodoxy and heresy is raised and a defense of the movement is offered by an evangelical theologian.

Keyphrases: Prosperity theology, Evangelical theology, Prosperity, Evangelism, Theodicy, Faith
Les robots, suivi de Construire et briser l’illusion dramatique dans Rwanda 94 et Moi, dans les ruines rouges du siècle

The robots is a documentary play. It samples, compiles and reinterprets popular discourses about work for them to be repeated until they lose their meaning. It was constructed mainly by using bribes of conversations, newspapers articles, opinions and comments, as well as theoretical books about work. In the play, six characters are reunited for a weekend long, but they won’t be able to free themselves from the omnipresence of the work life influence. Construire et briser l’illusion dramatique dans Rwanda 94 et Moi, dans les ruines rouges du siècle is about the dramatic mechanisms used in order to highlight the part played by documents in the theatre highly fictional universe. The two analyzed plays stage an actor-witness, who acts but also bears witness, on stage, of a part of his own life. Each in their own way, the two plays also bear witness of a part of the collective history of human kind. By emphasizing the importance of a pact passed between the play and the audience, the essay tries to understand the contribution of fiction in documentaries and the contribution of documentary in fictional dramas.

Keyphrases: illusion dramatique, Groupov, Olivier Kemeid, Documentary theatre, Theatre of the real, Pact, Horizon of expectation, Dramatic illusion
Écritures et architectures : (im)matérialité de l'image et de l'espace dans le roman court

The short novel (fiction short story, novella) allows to rethink architecture within the literary text beyond its capacity to represent the construction of the text and its narrative structure. In "The Garden of Forking Paths" (Fictions), Jorge Luis Borges offers a conception of space and time which connects the book as a physical objet and the space unfolded by the fictional text. This short story serves us as a reading grid, through which are studied the following works: L'homme atlantique (Marguerite Duras), L'occupation des sols (Jean Echenoz), Dora Bruder (Patrick Modiano) and Tentative d'épuisement d'un lieu parisien (Georges Perec). Indeed, the fictional space as conceived by Borges, expands the possible interpretations of these short novels, which concretely occupy a limited physical space, both as material objects and possible worlds. Architectures, inhabited or habitable, developed by these texts, enable a concentration of space and time, suggesting that they can be read both as text and image: they participate in the efficiency of the short text. This essay postulates that the brevity of a literary work has an impact on the fictional space: thus condensed, folded, it puts in contact parallel universes, opening gaps in narrative strata and promoting metalepsis within the narrative. This is what the comparative study of selected works helps reveal.

Keyphrases: XXe siècle, Architecture, Image, Jorge Luis Borges, French literature, 20th century, Short novel, Space, Architecture, Image, Materiality, Metalepsis
Vito Rizzuto, l'entrepreneur criminel : une carrière criminelle à succès dans un réseau de contacts en dépit des conflits

Vito Rizzuto is known in the media as the sponsor of a hierarchical organization of the Montreal Italian mafia known as the Cosa Nostra. In order to deconstruct this sensational image, we have made an analysis of his egocentric network tracing his journey for more than two decades to better understand his position in the structure of this criminal organization using written data on his biography. Based on Burt's (1992) theory of structural holes, we analyzed the evolution of his position and the role he played among his contacts. At the end of his career as a criminal entrepreneur, the constraint as a measure decreased for him by 88% (from C = 0.292 to C = 0.044), and the hierarchical constraint from the second phase of his career decreased by 72%. (H-C = 0.077), and the same at the end of his career (H-C = 0.044). Our analysis reveals that when Vito Rizzuto played the role of broker among non-redundant contacts with resources, it facilitated access to entrepreneurial opportunities through structural holes and helped him gain more autonomy. Our second analysis assessed his egocentric network that demonstrated conflicts in his criminal enterprise from which he emerged as winner. Given his participation in these conflicts, we noticed the emergence of relationship structures that helped him to preserve his social capital as a criminal entrepreneur by having access to other non-redundant contact resources. To conclude, this study shows that unlike the violent criminal, the criminal entrepreneur favors a more entrepreneurial sense of collaboration through his brokerage action and the use of structural holes in his personal network.

Keyphrases: Criminologie, Organized Crime, Criminal Entrepreneur, Structural Holes, Conflict in Criminal Networks, Criminology., Criminal Career, Criminal Networks
Immersion et distanciation : le paradoxe de la multisensorialité dans la mise en scène de Mangez-le si vous voulez de Jean Teulé par le Fouic Théâtre

Dedicated to the theatrical adaptation of Jean Teulé's novel Eat him if you like by Jean-Christophe Dollé and Clotilde Morgiève du Fouic Théâtre, the present dissertation seeks to understand why and how the multisensory staging of this news tends to arouse two contradictory effects: immersion and distancing. The reflection is organized in three stages: the first chapter questions the transition from the novel to the theater using theories of adaptation and transmodalization, the second is focused more on the scenic dimension and, relying on the intermedial theory, attempt to highlight the processes allowing multisensoriality. Finally, the third chapter reveals the play of the senses as a staging of perception that places the viewer at the heart of the performance. At the end of the analysis, it appears that immersion and distancing must necessarily work together for the spectator to be involved.

Keyphrases: Théâtre contemporain, Perception, Jean Teulé, Fouic Théâtre, Multisensoriality, contemporary theater, theatrical adaptation, intermediality
Performing femininity within masculine circles : a study of negation in the works of Mina Loy

In this thesis, I am concerned with British writer Mina Loy’s (1882-1966) Negation aesthetic. Assisted by Christina Walter’s observations on Loy’s fraught relationship with personality and impersonality, I contend that this dissatisfaction with binary classification systems has led to Loy’s avoidance of the limitative and misogynist nature of the canonizing process. By first approaching the debates and prose found within the feminist periodical The Freewoman, I locate the gendered topics that would later influence Loy’s “Feminist Manifesto” and, by proxy, her Negation aesthetic. Secondly, I focus on the question of what it means to be a “woman writer” in an otherwise masculine milieu. Focusing on Ezra Pound’s problematic rewriting of Loy’s poem “The Effectual Marriage,” I call attention to his erasure of Loy’s uniquely gendered perspective. Furthermore, by contrasting Loy’s “Feminist Manifesto” with Valentine de Saint-Point’s “Manifesto of the Futurist Woman” and Filippo Tommaso Marinetti’s “The Founding and the Manifesto of Futurism,” I develop a deeper understanding of what it meant for Loy to write as both a Futurist and a feminist of sorts. To conclude, I further my research by proposing a rereading of feminist history by underlining the similarities between the views expressed by both Loy and contemporary feminists. In this way, I introduce the notion that literature can be used as a means of retrieving lost or ignored ideologies.

Keyphrases: Mina Loy, Negation, Impersonality, Little magazines, New woman, Woman writer, Feminism, Modernism, Futurism, Poetics
Longévité et conditions de vie dans l’enfance en milieu urbain montréalais

With the increase of life expectancy and the ageing of population, many studies have focused on the determinants of human longevity, including early conditions prevailing early in life. Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions during childhood were shown to negatively affect lifespan. This master’s thesis contributes to this body of research. It was carried out as part of a research project aimed at observing the effects of early life conditions on mortality at older ages in Quebec, Canada. In addition to presenting and validating the data collected for the project (1st article), this study examines the effects that urban living conditions during childhood may have on the longevity of French-Canadians raised in Montreal (2nd article). Born between 1891 and 1901, the cohort we were interested in grew up in a context of industrialization and urbanization that generated many socioeconomic inequalities and contrasting living conditions for Montreal families. Based on data from the linkage of a 5% sample from the 1901 Canadian Census and Quebec’s death records, we were able to verify whether the risk of death after the age of 40 years old was greater for individuals who experienced difficult conditions in their childhood. Using Cox models, our results demonstrate the impact of socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood, parental literacy, household composition and density housing (2nd article). We found a survival advantage after the 40 years old mark for white collar Montrealers (as reported in their marriage record) or for those whose father was a white-collar (as as reported in their family of origin’s census declaration). We also found a shorter lifespan for individuals with at least one illiterate parent, living in an extended household (family or lodgers) or in an overcrowding dwelling (less than 0.7 room per person). Our analysis also highlighted differential effects by gender (2nd article) and discuss potential sources of bias, including sample selection biases (1st and 2nd article).

Keyphrases: Early life conditions, Longevity, Mortality, Urban, Sample selection, 1901 Canadian Census
L'expérience du coworking : tensions dialectiques au coeur d'une pratique fragmentée

Spearheaded by changes in the economy, over the last few decades, we have witnessed a transformation in the world of work that has generated new interpersonal and spatial relationships. Technological and technical innovation has encouraged a decentralization of work that affects workers in many fields of activity, particularly those situated in the "knowledge economy."  The last ten years in particular have seen rapid growth in the number of "nomadic workers" who choose to engage in "coworking." Coworking brings together non-affiliated workers whether self-employed, small business owners, or teleworkers in the same location. Because these places facilitate the development of social relationships, coworking spaces reduce the isolation of nomadic workers by creating community-like attributes in an economic context where competition and insecurity reign. The purpose of this study is to understand the nature of this practice by reflecting on users' discourse about their relationships with these spaces and their colleagues. More specifically, the research adopts a qualitative and dialectical approach to reflect the richness of the users' experience. The study mobilizes the organizational communication to unpack the tensions at the heart of the coworking experience. Individual interviews with twelve participants showed that coworking is a complex phenomenon. Analysis identified seven dialectical tensions underpinning the micro- and macro-organizational relationships that constitute coworking. The value of this study, however, lies in its original use of the dialectical approach to emphasize the communication of tensions in dialogue with participants. This approach has contributed to knowledge of a practice in full effervescence, but also pulled in competing directions by its commitment to its community origins and its corporate ambitions.

Keyphrases: coworking, organizational communication, dialectic, tension, discours, discourse, user experience, practice, nomadic work
L’effet du journalisme constructif sur l’engagement du lectorat d’un site Web d’information

The objective of this dissertation is to contribute to better defining the relatively recent concept of constructive journalism and analyzing the effect it may have on the interest of news website readers.  Constructive journalism is based on the principles of positive psychology, and its ultimate goal is "to improve individual and societal well-being" (McIntyre, 2015b, p. 8) while producing public interest news. However, this approach is not intended to create news stories as if seen through rose-coloured glasses but to disseminate reporting on both negative and positive subjects that does not encourage the escalation of conflicts between opposing parties or the victimization or demonization of protagonists, while using an approach facilitating the consideration of improving the present situation (optimism) or imagining possible solutions. Although major traditional media outlets are confronting a loss of public interest (Schudson 2003; Cohen, 2004; Roy, 2014; Matsa, 2017), recent studies reveal that a constructive journalistic approach has a positive effect on readers' state of mind (Gyldensted, 2011; McIntyre, 2015a; McIntyre, 2017). Moreover, in 2013, the US newspaper Deseret News had become one of the two US newspapers with the most growth from a distribution point of view (Noack, Orth, Owen and Rennick, 2013) after having adopted a journalistic approach qualified as constructive. Furthermore, the conclusion of one study (Engaging News Project, 2016) shows that articles written in accordance with a variant of constructive journalism, that is, solution journalism, and published on the Internet, keep readers on the page longer than do articles not written from that perspective. With that information as a starting point, this dissertation explores the effect constructive journalism can have on the readers of one major Canadian media outlet, Société Radio-Canada (SRC). Reader interest is evaluated using a concept called "user engagement," a concept at the heart of which is the notion of the time users spend with the objects monopolizing their attention. The framework for this research is the social responsibility theory of the press (Siebert, Peterson et Schramm, 1956). The social responsibility theory is associated with constructive journalism because the latter posits that news media should have the objective of serving society by providing information to the public, to help the public to protect its interests, govern itself and, in short, improve its fate by equipping it with the necessary knowledge to participate in democratic debate in the community. Last, this research shows that news articles written from a constructive approach have a significant but slight effect on reader engagement.

Keyphrases: recherche quantitative, Constructive journalism, positive psychology, social responsibility theory of the press, user engagement, content analysis, quantitative research, statistical analysis
Caractérisation des propriétés chimiques, physiques et optiques des matières particulaires atmosphériques dans le Grand Nord canadien

Atmospheric aerosols, i.e. particulate matter (PM), are a major source of uncertainty in climate models. Due to this uncertainty, it is important to analyze the correlation between the composition, the physical properties (e.g. particle size) and the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols using different instruments. In the Arctic, climate change is much more rapid than the global mean, highlighting the important need for atmospheric measurements in this region. To this end, field measurements of the composition of atmospheric aerosols are currently being performed at the Polar Atmospheric Environment Research Station (PEARL) in Eureka, Nunavut (80N, 86W) to characterize aerosols in the Canadian High Artic. The instruments deployed include two PAXs (Photoacoustic Extinctiometers) that measure aerosol light scattering and absorption at 870 nm and at 405 nm, an AMS (Aerosol Mass Spectrometer), an OPC (Optical Particle Counter) and a SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer). Using the data obtained from these instruments, which have been operational since August 2015, it is possible to observe changes in aerosol size distributions and aerosol concentrations as well as concomitant changes in the optical characteristics of aerosols. More specifically, the current aerosol measurements provide long-term observations of Arctic aerosol size distributions for both coarse and fine modes. Particle growth events were frequently observed during the summers of 2015 and 2016. In addition, other long-term events can be seen throughout the years, like long-rang transport of a pollution plume, or the arctic haze, occurring every winter in the Canadian High Arctic.

Keyphrases: Eureka, PEARL, PAX, AMS, OPC, SMPS, Atmospheric aerosol, Particulate matter (PM), Arctic, Analyses growths events
Synthèse, caractérisation et application de photocatalyseurs à base de cuivre

The thesis describes the rapid and efficient synthesis of a library of 50 copper complexes based upon bisphosphine and diamine ligands. Both homoleptic complexes which are composed of two diamine ligands, and the heteroleptic complexes, which are composed of a diamine ligand and a bisphosphine ligand, have been prepared. In order to predict the reactivity of the complexes in synthetic photochemistry, they were subjected to an analysis of their photophysical properties. Absorbance spectra were performed on all copper complexes. Emission spectra and redox potential measurements were performed on a series of complexes with varying diamines and a second series with varying bisphosphines, to compare the influence of diamine or bisphosphine on the complexes properties. The efficiency of the photocatalysts was demonstrated by testing them in five different photochemical transformations with distinct mechanisms: photoredox, energy transfer or proton-coupled electron transfer. Finally, after carrying out an evaluation of all the catalysts in each transformation, a comparison was made between the trend of the yields obtained, and the photophysical properties. In general, complexes bearing the BINAP ligand were found to be most effective for the different photocatalytic reactions.

Keyphrases: Photocatalysis, Photochemistry, Catalyst, Copper, Heteroleptic