NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Participation au Programme Équipe et symptômes intériorisés chez l’enfant : effets médiateurs des pratiques parentales et des symptômes extériorisés

Internalizing problems, including anxiety and depression problems, are associated with a range of negative consequences. Despite this, there are only a limited number of interventions that aim to prevent these difficulties in early childhood. Several factors are associated with the development of internalizing symptoms between 0 and 5 years of age, including parenting practices and externalized problems. Some authors suggest that prevention and intervention programs aimed at promoting adequate parenting practices and reducing externalizing symptoms at a young age could reduce internalizing symptoms. The objective of this study is to examine the link between participation in the Équipe Program (COPE in English), a preventive program targeting parenting practices, and internalizing symptoms in children. In order to fully understand the processes underlying this relationship, the mediating role of parenting practices and the externalizing symptoms will be examined. In addition, the moderating role of sex will be tested to see if associations are different for girls and boys. For this, 162 families with children aged 4 or 5 were recruited to participate in a small experimental trial (participants randomized to either the Équipe intervention or a no-intervention control group). The results obtained in linear regression analysis support that participation in the Équipe Program is associated with an improvement in parenting practices related to the discipline and level of autonomy offered by the parents. Subsequent analyzes of indirect effects suggest that the strengthening of adequate discipline is associated with a decrease in behavioral problems and internalizing symptoms. These results support therefore the relevance of offering preventive programs in reducing internalizing problems even if their initial goal is to reduce externalized problems in early childhood.

Keyphrases: COPE program, Internalizing symptoms, Parental practices, Externalized symptoms, Preschool age children
Perfectionnisme et symptômes intériorisés chez des étudiants universitaires en relation d'aide : rôle médiateur du soutien social perçu

University students face many developmental challenges and are exposed to multiple stressors that can affect their psychological well-being. During their academic career, students in helping relationships are more at risk of being subjected to high levels of specific stressors, which can lead to problems of anxiety and depression. Certain psychological characteristics specific to the student, such as perfectionism, are considered to have an impact on their well-being. While this personality trait may be advantageous in meeting academic requirements, it can be a vulnerability to stress when expectations and desired aspirations exceed their own resources. The literature support that the cognitive components of perfectionism (e.g., perception of stress, self-criticism and excessive worry about evaluations) can affect a student's academic and social functioning. On the one hand, the present study aims to test the relationship between self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism and internalized symptoms (anxiety and depression) of students in helping relationships. On the other hand, this research prospectively evaluates the mediating effect of perceived social support on the relationship between perfectionism and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Data was collected from 97 undergraduate students enrolled in University of Montreal’s psycho-education program during the winter and fall 2019 semester.   Contrary to expectations, results indicate that perfectionism (self-oriented and socially prescribed) does not predict an increase in internalized symptoms across time. However, socially prescribed perfectionism was positively related to anxious and depressive affect. The results also show that the perception of a weaker social support network positively influences the association with anxious and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the perception of financial resources plays a significant role in the elevation of depressive symptoms during the sessions. Finally, the perception of a good social support network did not mediate the association between perfectionism and students' internalizing symptoms. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Keyphrases: Perfectionism, Anxious symptoms, Depressive symptoms, Mental health, Psychological distress, Perceived social support, University students
Towards understanding the nature and diversity of small planets in the universe : discovery and initial characterization of Wolf 503 b and LP 791-18 d

With the discovery of thousands of new planets in the past twenty years, a new and complex population of planets has been discovered which are smaller than Neptune and larger than the Earth. These planets are split into two groups: the larger sub-Neptunes with extended H-dominated atmospheres, and the smaller super-Earths which have at most thin atmospheres. This division can be explained by a variety of mechanisms, including photoevaporation, core-powered mass-loss, and gas-poor and gas-empty formation: the small-planet population is likely shaped by a combination of these which may depend on stellar type. In this work we describe the discovery of two new planets which are well-suited to investigating the nature of the small planet population: Wolf 503b and LP 791-18d. Wolf 503 b is a \(2.03^{+0.08}_{-0.07} R_{\oplus}\) planet orbiting the bright (\(J=8.32\) mag), nearby (\(D=44.5\) pc) high proper motion K3.5V star Wolf 503 (EPIC 212779563). We confirm that the K2 transit signature is planetary using both archival images and high-contrast adaptive optics images from the Palomar observatory. Its radius places Wolf 503 b directly between the populations of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, a radius at which planets are rarely found and the expected bulk composition is ambiguous, and the brightness of the host star makes Wolf 503b a prime target for radial velocity follow-up and transit spectroscopy. The second planet we introduce is an Earth-sized planet orbiting the cool M6 dwarf LP 791-18. The new planet d joins a well-aligned system with at least two more planets, the outermost being a sub-Neptune, providing a to-date unique opportunity to investigate a system with a temperate Earth-sized planet and a sub-Neptune that retained its gas or volatile envelope. The discovery of LP 791-18d makes the system amenable to mass measurements via transit timing variations, and we find a mass of \( {9.3_{-1.4}^{+1.5}\,M_\oplus}\) for the sub-Neptune LP 791-18c and a mass of \( {0.8_{-0.4}^{+0.5}\,M_\oplus}\) for the exo-Earth LP 791-18d (\( {<2.3 M_{\oplus}}\) at 3\( {\sigma}\)). The planet is also subject to strong continued tidal heating, which may result in geological activity and volcanic outgassing. Looking forward, LP 791-18d and Wolf 503b offer unique opportunities to study the origins and retention of small-planet atmospheres.

Keyphrases: planets and satellites: individual (Wolf 503b), planets and satellites: Atmospheres, methods: Observational, planets and satellites: individual (LP 791-18d), planets and satellites: Physical Evolution, planets and satellites: Gaseous Planets
Conductivité pour des fermions de Dirac près d’un point critique quantique

Dirac materials constitute an interesting class of systems that can undergo a quantum phase transition at zero temperature, when a non-thermal parameter reaches a quantum critical point. As we approach such a point, physical observables are altered by the important thermal and quantum fluctuations. In this thesis, conformal field theory techniques are used to study the electrical conductivity tensor in theories with Dirac fermions in 2+1 dimensions close to a quantum critical point. At low energies, these adequately describe various Dirac materials as well as their quantum phase transition. In this project, we focus on theories that have a quantum critical point invariant under parity and time-reversal. In this case, the operator product expansion and conformal perturbation theory allow to obtain a general expression for the large frequency expansion of the longitudinal and transverse (Hall) conductivities when the quantum critical point is deformed by a relevant scalar operator. Using these, we are able to deduce exact sum rules for both quantities. As an example, our general results are applied to the Gross-Neveu model, where we obtain the large frequency expansion for both conductivities and the associated sum rules for an arbitrary number of Dirac fermion flavors N. The same expressions are then obtained by an explicit calculation at N = infinity, allowing to compare with our results for any N. Afterwards, analogous general results are obtained for theories where the quantum critical point is deformed by a relevant pseudoscalar. These are finally applied to a theory of massless free Dirac fermions perturbed by a mass term.

Keyphrases: expansion 1/N, Quantum critical phenomena, quantum phase transition, conformal field theory, operator product expansion, Dirac fermions, electrical conductivity, Gross-Neveu model, sum rule, 1/N expansion
Mécanique quantique supersymétrique et opérateurs d’échelle pour le système de Rosen-Morse

This master thesis is dedicated to the study of the role of supersymmetric quantum mechanics in the construction of ladder operators and of their applications for the quantum Rosen-Morse system. The results of this work are presented in an article that constitutes the last chapter of the thesis. Precisely, we motivate the failure of traditional methods in providing a realization for the Rosen-Morse ladder operators as differential operators. We provide a first quantum-based solution to this problem by using the shape invariance property in supersymmetric quantum mechanics as a tool in the construction of the ladder operators for the hyperbolic version of this potential. We use the latter realization to obtain that of a specific class of rational extensions of the hyperbolic Rosen-Morse system by means of supersymmetric techniques. Coherent states are constructed from the ladder operators obtained for the different systems. Some properties are analyzed and compared. In addition, we make use of a point canonical transformation in the derivation of the first realization of the ladder operators of the trigonometric Rosen-Morse system as differential operators. From this realization, we construct coherent states for which some properties are similarly analyzed.

Keyphrases: Ladder operators, Supersymmetric quantum mechanics, Rational extensions, Coherent states, Rosen-Morse potential, Exactly solvable systems
Évolution statistique des caractéristiques électriques des décharges Sparks dans les liquides diélectriques

This thesis is the conclusion of a master's degree in an international double graduation between Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier in France and Université de Montréal in Canada. The aim of this collaboration is to better understand the operation of Spark discharges in dielectric liquids, as well as other phenomena linked to it. The first part of this research project, conducted at Toulouse, LAPLACE laboratory, was focused on the influence of the electrode material on the discharge behaviour, in particular the current and voltage waveform and the dynamic of a cavitation bubble monitored with fast imaging technique. This part of the work is included in the thesis as an Annex to focus the reader’s attention only on the work realized in Montréal. Indeed, using a high voltage pulser, we studied the statistical evolution of the electrical characteristics of Sparks discharges in different dielectric liquids and under various experimental conditions, whether they are electrical, geometrical, or related to the material of utilized electrode. After a fine preparation of the conditions for one experience, the high voltage pulses were applied, and discharges were occurred. The acquisition of the discharge electrical characteristics, from the first one to the last one, were analyzed using a home-made algorithm to access the properties of every discharge, i.e. the probability of discharge occurrence, the breakdown voltage, the discharge current, the injected charge, the injected energy, etc. The temporal evolution of those parameters revealed some extremely useful trends to be considered in the processes utilizing in-liquid Spark discharges at high repetition rate, such as in nanomaterial synthesis.

Keyphrases: plasma in liquid, Spark discharge, statistical analysis, dielectric liquid
Plateforme numérique de tomodensitométrie et ses applications en radiothérapie

The physical quantities of tissues imaged by computed tomography can be calculated using tissue characterization algorithms. The development of new spectral computed tomography scanners stimulated the field of tissue characterization to such an extent that it is now difficult to compare the performances of the multiple tissue characterization algorithms available in the literature. In addition, the difficulty in comparing the tissue characterization algorithms’ performances makes it difficult to include them in clinical research projects. The goal of this project is to create a robust and physically accurate simulation environment in which tissue characterization algorithms can be developed and compared. Furthermore, the scientific computing library will serve as a springboard to easily apply tissue characterization methods in clinical collaborations. In particular, one of the tissue characterization methods included in the scientific computing library will be applied on clinical data to produce iodine concentration maps for a clinical research project on head and neck cancer recurrence. Moreover, two additional tissue characterization algorithms and a technique for the correction of beam hardening artefacts will be implemented in the scientific computing library. Coincidentally, the virtual patient simulation environment will be developed.

Keyphrases: Imagerie quantitative, Spectral computed tomography, Tissue characterization, Scientific computing library, Quantitative imaging, Iodine concentration maps, Radiation oncology, Virtual computed tomography
Synthèse et caractérisation physico-chimique de couches minces organosiliciées produites par décharge à barrière diélectrique

This master thesis aims to examine the physicochemical properties of organosilicon thin films produced by atmospheric pressure, dielectric barrier discharges (AP-DBD). First, we compare SiOCH coatings deposited on glass by AP-DBD with those prepared by low-pressure, capacitively coupled plasma (LP-CCP). In both cases, using hexamethyldisiloxane and oxygen as chemical precursors for plasma deposition, a more important structural disorder was observed in SiOCH films with higher carbon content. We also show that the presence of functional carbon groups weakens the adhesion of the coatings to the substrate. In particular, the load needed to induce delamination seems to be strongly linked with the carbon content in the plasma deposited SiOCH thin films. Despite the differences in deposition dynamics in AP-PECVD versus LP-CCP, samples with similar chemical compositions reveal comparable mechanical properties (hardness, Young’s modulus, and elasticity index). Subsequently, we deposited SiOCH thin films by AP-PECVD on various polymeric substrates from a cyclic precursor (tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane) instead of a linear one (hexamethyldisiloxane) in a semi-industrial environment. In these conditions, nanoscratch measurements indicate that the substrate breaks under load before any delamination of the coating can be observed. Furthermore, due to the low thickness of the plasma-deposited coatings, it is found that they do not influence the mechanical properties of the substrate (hardness and Young’s modulus). We also find that the carbon content and wettability with water are tightly related to the energy injected into the plasma per precursor molecules.

Keyphrases: Non-equilibrium plasmas, Atmospheric pressure plasmas, Thin films deposition, Organosilicon coatings, Infrared spectroscopy, Contact angle, Spectroscopic ellipsometry, Nanoscratch
La figure du poète dans l'oeuvre de Cioran

This study questions the place of poetry and poets in the works of thinker Emil Cioran.  By interrogating his thought, which draws from many literary and poetic sources, it appears that the poet represents and embodies a transcendent figure that has the potential to satisfy, at times, a desire of transcending human condition.  Therefore, we retrace in a chronological way, an evolving definition of the poet by analysing the attitude of the writer toward this conceptual character and the poetic practice in general.  Poetry often appears to Cioran as an opposite form to philosophy, from which he extracts knowledge rooted in life and experience opposed to intellect and rationality.  We argue that despite an often-ambiguous position toward poetry and poets, they have an important part to play in the evolution of his thought.  We also want to illustrate the tensions that exist between his diverse aspirations and his interest in poetry, as well as his own poetic tendencies that are in conflict with an ideal of writing, which tends to change throughout his books.  In doing so, we see in his writings a particular conception of poetry as experience that evolves over decades.  Finally, we extend the question by looking at the specific relations, continued or discontinued, that links him with certain specific figures who clearly exemplify the way they influence his philosophy at different periods. From this reading of his works shows through an existential and literary quest, characteristic of Cioran’s philosophical approach.

Keyphrases: Cioran, Philosophy, Thought, Writing, Poetry, Poets
De la cité divine à la cité humaine : l'éducation de l"irrationalité dans la République et les Lois

This dissertation examines the role that the two irrational aspects of the human soul, the epithumetikón and the thymoeidês, play in the Platonic City. What interests us is determining whether irrationality can be educated within the framework of the educational program granted by the city or not. To assess this, we will examine Plato’s educational philosophy as outlined in both the Republic and the Laws to clarify whether appetites and affections can be educated. Thus, our analysis seeks to answer the following two questions: (i) if the irrational aspects of the soul are potential candidates for education, what kind of education would this be? Furthermore, (ii) what would be the effect of such an education? Although both the Republic and the Laws outline a paideia that pursues the same goal (namely, to breed virtuous citizens), when analyzing the characterization of this educational program in each dialogue, it seems that irrationality only plays a determining role in the Laws. Therefore, we will claim that while the Platonic educational program possesses a certain methodological unity (for it aims to form the best possible citizens), the latter operates differently in both dialogues: while in the Republic Plato focuses on the “divine” aspect of education (the training of the best leaders), in the Laws he is keener on providing a popular education, one tailored to immediate human needs. A paideia that can indeed appeal and entice the large mass of ordinary citizens who make up Magnesia to follow the law willingly. Following this line of thinking, we will conclude that despite these methodological particularities, music and gymnastics are not only the primary way for educating irrationality, but also the very same foundation of the platonic educational program.

Keyphrases: Platon, Plato, Education, Irrationality, Republic, Laws, Appetites, Affections
La question de la justice : Paul Ricoeur lecteur de John Rawls

At the turn of the 1990s, Paul Ricœur became interested in John Rawls' Theory of Justice. While fundamentally agreeing with the moral, deontological, and political value of Rawls' principles of justice, Ricœur opposes the "purely procedural" approach to justice for institutions as developed through Rawls' interpretation of social contract theory. If the deontological approach to justice as equity prioritizes a formal conception of justice for institutions, it cannot, however, according to Ricœur, break free from the teleological foundations that justify the formulation and rational choice of Rawlsian principles. Returning to the argument of Theory of Justice, Ricœur identifies the dependence of Rawls' formal procedure based on a series of fundamental ethical presuppositions that teleologically justify the rationality of the principles. These presuppositions do not undermine Rawls' position; on the contrary, they are part of a "natural" circularity specific to the issue of the distribution of social goods (distributive justice), a process which is indispensable in the elaboration of a political conception of justice and in the democratic understanding of the social contract. Against the empirical demonstration of the formal procedure of the "original position" under the "veil of ignorance" from which the rational and unanimous choice of the principles of justice should result, Ricœur  proposes to re-establish the primacy of the sense of justice for those subjected to law/contractors. Without refuting the deontological priority of principles of justice for institutions, Ricœur aspires to restore the ethical value of justice for individuals from a hermeneutic of the self and a philosophical anthropology that posits the need for the institution within the very constitution of the subject to "live a good life, with and for others, in just institutions”.

Keyphrases: Institution, Justice, John Rawls, Paul Ricoeur, Deontology, Right, Ethics, Philosophy, Politic, Teleology
Plotin, Porphyre et les Catégories d’Aristote : accord ou désaccord?

This thesis is a detailed study of the Plotinus’ and Porphyry’s writings on Aristotle’s Categories. Thus, Porphyry’s Commentary on the Categories and Plotinus’ Enneads VI, 1-3 are the main sources of my study. My reading of these works is conditioned by a precise aim: to establish whether these two Neoplatonists agreed or disagreed on their interpretation and their evaluation of the Categories. To accomplish this task, I have extensively commented the most important passages (in relation to my aim) of Porphyry’s Commentary on the Categories and, then, of the Enneads VI, 1-3. Finally, I have compared the results of my inquiry on each of these two philosophers while replacing them in the context of the ongoing debates about the Categories at the time. It is my contention that the inquiry conducted in this thesis clearly shows a disagreement between Plotinus and his disciple. Despite some similarities in their general interpretation of the Categories, their appreciation of this work is diametrically opposed: Plotinus criticizes it while Porphyry defends it. In fact, I argue that the similarities in their general approach to the Categories exacerbates their disagreement: their comments are in direct conflict precisely because they partially agree about what the Categories are.

Keyphrases: Plotin, Genre, Substance, Porphyry, Plotinus, Semantic, Genus, Species, Ontology, Aristotle