NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Association entre le score des apports faibles en glucides, le contrôle glycémique et les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez les adultes atteints de diabète de type 1 : une étude du registre BETTER

Low-carbohydrate-diets (LCD; less than 30% of energy from carbohydrates) are gaining popularity in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the impact of such diet on glycemic control and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is debated. Objective: To evaluate associations between LCD score, glycemic control and CV risk factors in adults with T1D using a registry in Québec (Canada).  Research Design and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from the BETTER registry, using 24-hour dietary recalls to calculate LCD scores and including the following data: self-reported or measured anthropometric data (e.g. waist circumference), questionnaires on history of moderate (number of episodes in the last month) and severe (experienced at least one episode in the last year) hypoglycemic episodes, impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (Clarke score ≥4) and biochemical data (HbA1c, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol). A score of 0 to 10 points was given for each macronutrient for a total of 30 points. For carbohydrates, participants with the lowest intake received 10 points, and the point allocation was reversed for fat and protein, meaning participants with the highest intakes received 10 points. Participants were divided into quartiles (Q) based on LCD score.   Results: 285 adults (aged 48.2 ± 15.0 years; T1D duration of 25.9 ± 16.2 years) were included. Overall, participants reported low carbohydrate and fiber intakes and high fat intake compared to recommendations. Mean carbohydrate intake ranged from 31.2 ± 6.9 % (Q1) to 56.5 ± 6.8 % of total energy (Q4). Compared to Q4, more people in Q1 reported HbA1c ≤7 % (Q1: 53.4 % vs Q4: 29.4 %; P = 0.011). Participants in Q3 reported less often having a history of severe hypoglycemia than Q1 (Q1: 60.0 % vs Q3: 31.0 %; P = 0.004). There were no differences between quartiles for frequency of moderate hypoglycemia events, impaired awareness of hypoglycemia and lipid profile: LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol.  Conclusions: Participants with low carbohydrate intake are more likely to reach HbA1c target and less likely to have a history of severe hypoglycemia compared to those with a higher carbohydrate intake. However, LCD is not associated with moderate hypoglycemia frequency, impaired hypoglycemia awareness or CV risk factors.

Keyphrases: Type 1 diabetes, Low carbohydrate diet, Hypoglycemia, Diabetes management
Développement et validation initiale d’un questionnaire pour mesurer la consommation d’aliments ultra-transformés des adultes canadiens : une étude pilote auprès de la communauté de l’Université de Montréal

Several studies to date have shown that ultra-processed food consumption (UPF) is associated with low diet quality and increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and obesity. Currently, there is no rapid screener to estimate UPF consumption based on Canadian dietary patterns. This research presents a pilot study that addresses the early stages of the development and validation of a screener to this purpose (the OUTPUT). Ultra-processed food categories contributing to 0.5% or more of the total energy intake for Canadian adults (18 years and older) were identified based on 2015 national consumption data (CCHS). Thus, two simplified dietary screeners were developed (a 24-hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire). The face and content validity of the OUTPUT was evaluated by an expert advisory committee, through the Delphi method. Two rounds were required to observe an agreement (set at 80% or more) regarding the different metrics that were assessed. The face validity of the screener was then evaluated by 11 participants from the UdeM community. The data collected through this pilot study made it possible to provide recommendations for the future study in which the development and validation of the tool will take place. Once validated, this tool will enable nutritionists, epidemiology researchers, and policymakers to better identify, manage and prevent NCDs and obesity.

Keyphrases: ultra-processed foods, diet quality, non-communicable diseases, obesity, dietary screener
The role of GPR120 in diet induced obesity, mood dysregulation, and microglial function

Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder and anxiety. Excess intake of saturated fat is well known to cause not only metabolic diseases, but also abnormal behavior in humans and animal models. Saturated fatty acids enhance peripheral and central inflammation. Several studies have demonstrated that microglia activation as a central player in neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in inflammation-related anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in the case of obesity. Also, there is increasing evidence to demonstrate the beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs supplementation on cognitive, anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Previously, we reported that the n-3 PUFAs supplementation by the administration of fish oil (FO) has demonstrated anxiolytic effects on saturated high fat diet (SHFD)-induced obese mice and that, the activation of G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), a lipid sensor for n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in the brain rescued SHFD-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. However, it is still unclear how GPR120 regulates SHFD-induced changes in mood-related behaviors. In the present study, we focused on the role of GPR120 on neuroinflammation in inflammation-related anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Amongst the several types of brain cells, microglia demonstrated a high expression of GPR120. Compound A (CpdA), a selective agonist of GPR120, reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine (IL-1B, IL-6, MCP1, and TNF-a) expression and release in cultured microglia. Additionally, central administration of cpdA via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection ameliorated neuroinflammation and systemic LPS injection-induced anxiety-like and sickness behavior in vivo. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as natural agonists of GPR120 suppressed inflammation in primary cultured microglia as assessed by cytokine expression. These results suggest that GPR120 activation contributes to the amelioration of inflammation-related anxiety and depressive-like behaviors through the regulation of microglia.

Keyphrases: Omega-3 fatty acids, Obesity, Neuroinflammation, GPR120, Anxiodepressive behaviors
Exploration des interactions de l’étudiant-athlète commotionné et de son réseau de soutien social pendant sa convalescence et son retour au jeu

University student-athletes who have suffered a sports-related concussion may experience many symptoms, including psychosocial implications such as frustration, anger, isolation, anxiety, and depression. We still know little about how social support is communicated to and interpreted by student-athletes. This qualitative case study attempted to better understand these interactions. We studied six cases, each consisting of a concussed student-athlete (n = 6; M = 21.5 years, mean concussion duration = 9.8 months, range 3-18 months) and 2-3 members of their social support network (n = 16; M = 31 years, range 18-64 years). Each student-athlete participated in two semi-structured interviews (M = 65min, range = 34-102min) and each member of their social support network participated in one interview (M = 36min, range = 23- 53min). Each participant also completed a timeline to detail the evolution of social support (received and provided) throughout the student-athlete's recovery. Data were analyzed using the six phases of thematic analysis. The results of this study show that student-athletes' interactions during recovery are driven by their fear of isolation. In addition, concussed studentathletes interacted primarily with their home network and treatment network during the rehabilitation phase of their recovery. Finally, some of the student-athletes' interactions with other individuals (e.g., professors, family members) may have a negative impact on their recovery. This study provides new information on the impact of social support among studentathletes during their recovery from concussion.

Keyphrases: Approches qualitatives, Sport-related concussion, Social support, Qualitative approaches, Studentathletes, Mental health
Systematic prediction of feedback regulatory network motifs

Understanding the intricate wiring of cellular regulation remains a most formidable chal-lenge. The fundamental insights into the wiring and functioning of the protein homeostasisnetwork will help to better understand how protein homeostasis fails in diseases and howthe regulatory patterns of protein homeostasis network can be targeted for therapeuticintervention. The study aims at developing and applying novel computational methodologyfor the systematic identification and characterization of feedback systems in proteinhomeostasis. The proposed research combines ideas and approaches from protein science,yeast systems biology, computational biology, as well as network biology.  The difficultyin the task of incorporating multi-platform multi-omics data is amplified by the largenetwork of inter-connected genes, proteins and metabolites that come together to perform aspecific function. For my master’s thesis, I developed a path-based pattern finding (PBPF)algorithm, which searches and enumerates network motifs of required topology. It is a graphtheory based algorithm which utilizes the combination of depth-first transverse method andbreadth-first search method to identify the required network sub-graph topologies. Further,the functioning of the algorithm has been demonstrated in the realms of protein homeostasisinSaccharomyces cerevisiae.  A systematic approach of integration of systems biologydata has been orchestrated, which shows the systematic identification of known regulatoryfeedback motifs in protein homeostasis.  It claims the unique ability to identify novelpervasive regulatory feedback motifs. The application of the algorithm can be extended toother biological systems, for example, to identify cell-state specific feedback motifs in caseof stem-cells.

Keyphrases: homeostasis, network science, network motif, feedback motif, systems biology
Étude de la polycystine-1 délété de son motif coiled-coil sur les mécanismes intracellulaires in vivo

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent genetic disorder that is characterize by the formation of bilateral renal cysts and leads to kidney failure. It results from mutations in the PKD1/polycystin-1(PC-1) gene, containing a coiled-coil motif, and in the PKD2/PC-2 gene, the functions of which remain to be elucidated. From a bacterial artificial chromosome, the murine Pkd1 gene (Pkd1-BAC) was modified in order to obtain 4 transgenic mouse lines deleted from it coiled-coil motif (Pkd1Δcoiled-coil) and 3 Pkd1TAG control lines possessing 1-35 copies of the transgene. These two transgenes have an expression profile identical to the endogenous gene and their expression depends on the number of copies. While Pkd1TAG mice develop ADPKD with a severity proportional to the level of expression, the Pkd1Δcoiled-coil lines are spared. These results demonstrate the importance of the coiled-coil motif in the disease. Pkd1Δcoiled-coil mice crossed by Pkd1-/- (lethal by birth), Pkd1-/-; Pkd1Δcoiled-coil survive after birth and allow the interactions, signaling and physiological role of the coiled-coil motif to be analyzed in vivo. These Pkd1-/-; Pkd1Δcoiled-coil mice with one copy of the transgene show kidney cysts and die ~ 2-weeks while high-copy ones have no phenotype as opposed to Pkd1-/-; Pkd1TAG who eventually develop cyst after 1 year. The genetic and biochemical results demonstrate that Pc-1Δcoiled-coil is hypomorphic. Although Pc-1Δcoiled-coil undergoes its autoproteolytic cleavage, analysis of the intracellular transport of Pc-1Δcoiled-coil shows a delay in maturation. While Pc-1 and Pc-2 appear to interact in vitro through their coiled-coil motif and co-transport, a Pc-1Δcoiled-coil -Pc-2 interaction is conserved in the kidney, suggesting a distinct mechanism of interactions in vivo. Thus, our results show that the coiled-coil motif of Pc-1 in vivo is involved in the maturation independently of Pc-2, highlighting the existence of a critical partner in intracellular transport.

Keyphrases: polycystine-2, coiled-coil, maturation, interaction, ADPKD, polycystin-1, polycystin-2, transgenic mice, trafficking
Direct regulation of HCN Ion channels by cannabinoids

Cannabinoids are a broad class of molecules that act primarily on neurons, affecting pain sensation, appetite, mood, learning and memory. Specific cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) have been identified in neurons, and other cell types. However, activating CBRs cannot directly alter electrical excitability in neurons, since CBRs do not generate electrical signals on their own. Instead, membrane potential and electrical signaling in all excitable cells, including neurons, are generated by ion channels embedded in the cell membrane.  Recently, it has been shown that the synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 effects memory by activating CB1 receptors, leading to signaling changes that affect the Ih current generated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide gated (HCN) channels. However, cannabinoids have also been shown to directly regulate the function of several ion channels, independently of CBR activation. Here we examine whether cannabinoids, 9-tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), which are found in cannabis sativa, can directly regulate HCN1 channels. Using two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC), on Xenopus oocytes, which do not express CBRs, we monitor changes in the current-voltage relationship, gating kinetics, and voltage-dependence of HCN1 currents in increasing concentrations of cannabinoids. Our data suggests CBD and THC directly modulate HCN1 current. Since cannabinoids are promising therapeutic molecules for the treatment of several neurological disorders, understanding what targets they affect, the mechanism of their regulation, and how they bind to potential targets are critical steps in their use as effective therapies and the development of more potent and target specific drugs.

Keyphrases: HCN channel, Hyperpolarization current (Ih), CB1 receptors, Cannabinoids, Current-voltage relationship, Gating kinetics, Electrical signalling
Protection contre les effets d’une exposition prénatale à l’alcool durant la préimplantation chez l’embryon par une diète maternelle enrichie en donneurs de méthyles

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have a significant impact on the development of the child and lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Nonetheless, little is known about its effect during the pre-implantation period. However, we know that this period is very sensitive to the environment, mainly because of major reprogramming of DNA methylation patterns. Moreover, alcohol can alter the mechanisms involved in DNA methylation processes (e.g., folate cycle, actions of DNMTs). Recently, we have shown that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) during preimplantation alters future DNA methylation patterns of the young embryo brain and increases the number of morphological defects. There is currently no treatment for FASD, but studies suggest that a diet enriched in methyl donors (e.g., folate, choline), which are necessary for methylation reactions, may mitigate the effects of PAE. Therefore, we wanted to determine if a diet enriched in methyl group donors could provide protection to embryos against a PAE during preimplantation. To do so, a standard or enriched diet was given to mice 4 weeks before and during gestation. Pregnant females were exposed to alcohol at day E2.5, then we harvested embryos (E10.5, E18.5) to assess physical abnormalities and analyse forebrain methylation. Our results demonstrate that the enriched diet reduces or eliminate defects at E10.5 and E18.5. We also observed that the fortified diet did not affect the establishment and maintenance of methylation and expression of imprinted genes during development. Thus, our results show that a methyl enriched diet can prevent some of the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure occurring during preimplantation.

Keyphrases: Folate, Epigenetic, DNA methylation, Prenatal alcohol exposure, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Embryonic development, Maternal environment, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Methyl donors, Enriched diet
α/β-hydrolase domain-6 and the development of high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation

Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases. Pathologic adipose tissue (AT) remodeling and local inflammation contribute to systemic inflammation, ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obesity. Macrophages play an important role in inflammatory pathways, and these cells possess different activation states, M1 pro-inflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory, influenced by adipokines, cytokines, hormones, and fuel availability. Thus, understanding the mechanisms and players involved in AT-resident macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype may provide a strategy to treat obesity complications. Suppression/deletion of the monoacylglycerol lipase α/β-hydrolase domain-6 (ABHD6) was previously shown to have beneficial effects against obesity, T2D, and other inflammatory disorders. However, it is not precisely known if ABHD6 plays any direct role in macrophage activation and polarization under inflammatory conditions, and if it does, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be defined. The aim of this study is to investigate: 1) the immunometabolic role of ABHD6 in obesity-induced chronic AT inflammation in mice, and 2) the regulatory role of ABHD6 in macrophage activation/polarization under conditions of acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Employing pharmacological and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that global ABHD6 deletion maintains AT immunometabolic health during diet-induced obesity in mice. High-fat-diet(HFD)-fed whole-body ABHD6-KO (HFD-ABHD6- KO) mice exhibit lower expression of pro-inflammatory (Mcp1 and Cd11c), fibrosis (Col5a1) and hypoxia (Hif1a) markers in all fat depots. The pro-inflammatory M1-macrophages in the visceral and brown fat depots are also reduced in HFD-ABHD6-KO mice. Additionally, ABHD6 suppression switches LPS-induced macrophage polarization from an M1-like phenotype towards an anti- inflammatory M2 state in the macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7 and J774A.1) and in primary peritoneal macrophages. Collectively, our results support the view that ABHD6 has a pro-inflammatory role under conditions of HFD- and LPS-induced inflammation. These findings provide an insight into the role of ABHD6 in AT immunometabolic pathways in obesity, and suggest ABHD6 as a therapeutic target for inflammation and obesity-related complications.

Keyphrases: ABHD6, inflammation, adipokines, cytokines, obesity, monoacylglycerol, metabolic diseases, metabolism
Le récepteur au thromboxane A2 régule la motilité des cellules de cancer du sein triple négatif à travers les protéines ezrine, radixine et moésine

Cell migration is an important mechanism for various cellular processes such as embryogenesis and cicatrization. Likewise, it controls pathological processes including the invasion of malignant cells and the formation of metastases. Metastasis is a very complicated process. The acquisition of invasive migratory power by a malignant cell as well as its metastatic potential is regulated by the cytoskeleton which is dynamically modified and controlled by intracellular signaling pathways. However, metastatic cells physiology and the cascades causing their metastases are not clear yet. Ezrin, Radixin and Moesin (ERMs) proteins have an important role in organizing the cytoskeleton at the cell cortex and they are key determinants of cell motility. Thus, a deregulation at this point may lead to an aberrant cell migration. Hence, the involvement of ERMs in various aggressive and invasive cancers. ERMs are regulated downstream of several cellular actors in particular membrane receptors. Several studies have reported that the thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R), a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) promotes metastasis. It has been described especially in the context of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), one of the deadliest cancers in women. GPCR have a central role in almost all physiological functions and constitute the largest family of drug targets. Interestingly, the two laboratories of Dr Sébastien Carréno and Dr Michel Bouvier, have discovered that the TXA2R activates ERM proteins through the GTPase RhoA. In this research project, we have identified a new signaling pathway linking the TXA2 receptor to ERMs via RhoA and the kinase SLK. This pathway is involved in the migration of triple negative breast cancer cells. Thus, we demonstrated that moesin and SLK acted downstream of the receptor to promote the speed and directionality of TNBC cells migration. We discovered that the directed cell migration downstream of TXA2R is due to a polarization of moesin at the leading edge. We also observed that moesin is responsible for actin filaments polarity at the leading edge following an activation of the receptor. So, this work has revealed a new signaling cascade important for the migration of aggressive triple negative breast cancer cells which could be a new target for anti-metastatic therapies.

Keyphrases: ERM, Thromboxane A2, Migration, RhoA, SLK, Moesin, GPCR, TNBC, Metastases
Étude du rôle du récepteur ALK1 dans l’infiltration leucocytaire dans l’endothélium

Leukocyte recruitment into tissues is a common process in all adult inflammatory diseases. This is mediated by high affinity interactions between endothelial adhesion molecules and their counter receptor ligands on circulating immune cells. This process involves a multitude of molecules such as ICAM1, VCAM1 and selectins to support the "capture’’ of immune cells and their extravasation through vascular endothelial cells. Our preliminary results suggest that ALK1 receptor, expressed specifically on endothelial cells, could regulate the expression of these adhesion molecules. To examine the impact of ALK1 signaling on immune cells recruitment, we used siALK1 endothelial cell lines (HUVECs) treated with LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) to induce an inflammatory process. First, gene expression, examined by Ampliseq, showed a significant decrease in ICAM1, VCAM1 and E-selectin expression in siALK1 HUVECs compared to control. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that adhesion protein expression increases in control cells treated with LPS, but that this effect is lessened in endothelial cells lacking ALK1. Moreover, we observed that phosphorylated p38, a factor that plays a key role in inflammatory process, is decreased in siAlk1 cells. Finally, to study the functional consequences of ALK1 deletion on leukocyte/endothelial cells interactions, a flow adhesion assay is performed, in which leukocytes circulate on endothelial cells and extravasation of immune cells is observed under a microscope. The results showed decreased leukocyte infiltration in siALK1 HUVECs compared to controls. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that ALK1 has a major impact on leukocyte recruitment to the endothelium through the expression of adhesion proteins and the vascular normalization. This project contributes to a better understanding of the interaction of leukocytes and the vascular endothelium.

Keyphrases: Recruitement, Bmp9, Inflammation, Normalization, Leukocyte, Angiogenesis, Alk1