NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L’exploitation du phoque dans le secteur de l’embouchure du Saguenay (Québec, Canada) par les Iroquoiens au Sylvicole supérieur(1000-1534 de notre ère)

During the Late Woodland period (AD 1000-1500), the area of the mouth of the Saguenay River was exploited by groups of St. Lawrence Iroquoians in search of marine resources, especially seals. These groups probably originated from the Quebec City region where their villages and permanent settlements were and thus developed a form of adaptation to the marine resources of the Estuary, making them the most mobile Iroquoian group in the St. Lawrence Valley. In this study, we propose that the exploitation of marine mammals was practiced in two stages, first in the Spring, during short periods by male hunters attracted by Harp seals and then in summer, by whole families taking advantage of gray and common seals. Pinnipeds were probably hunted on the foreshore or on the ice pack, with an ax or bow and arrow. Since the dishes cooked in the vessels consisted mainly of fish and land mammals, it is assumed that seal by-products were brought back in the Quebec City region and used as supplies, as raw material or as goods to exchange. We also propose the hypothesis that these excursions into the Estuary were not necessarily related to the precariousness of agriculture in the region of Quebec, since this practice was adopted later, after AD 1300 and perhaps even after AD 1400. The data used in this thesis are derived mainly from six sites located on a coastal strip extending over nearly 40 km. These sites are Ouellet (DaEk-6), Anse-aux-Pilotes-IV (DbEj-7), Cap-de-Bon-Désir (109G), site archéologique des Basques-de-l'Anse-à-la-Cave (DbEi-5), Pointe-à-Crapaud (DbEi-2) and Escoumins I (DcEi-1).

Keyphrases: Transhumance, Anthropology, Archaeology, Prehistory, Late Woodland, Northeast, St. Lawrence Iroquoians, Seal, Marine resources, Transhumance
Association entre consommation de drogues illicites et symptomatologie dépressive à l’adolescence : une étude longitudinale auprès de jeunes Québécois fréquentant l’école secondaire en milieu défavorisé

Illicit drug use and depressive symptoms are associated, but the nature of this association remains poorly understood. Clarifying the underlying mechanism(s) is necessary in order to design interventions which can potentially reduce the co-occurrence of the two phenomena, which accounts for sizeable individual and social costs. Clarification efforts should start in adolescence, when drug use and affective problems are typically initiated. The aim of this thesis is to help clarify the nature of the association between some of the most frequently used illicit drugs and depressive symptomatology in adolescents. This work was carried out using a cohort from the New Approaches, New Solutions (NANS) longitudinal dataset, which comprises more than 3000 students attending school in disadvantaged areas of Quebec (Canada) who were followed throughout high school (2003-2007). The first article of the thesis focuses on the association between cannabis use and depressive symptoms. This study examined prospective associations in both directions between the two phenomena from the beginning (grade 8) to the end (grade 11) of high school. Direct links were analysed, as well as indirect links involving two factors reflecting normative and non normative social connectedness: school bonding and affiliation with deviant and substance-using peers. Results indicate that depressive symptoms and cannabis use can be mutual risk factors and that a social mechanism involving an erosion of normative social connectedness may play a mediating role in bidirectional developmental cascades linking the two manifestations.  The second article tested whether the use of two synthetic drugs, MDMA (ecstasy) and meth/amphetamines (speed), in grade 10 was associated with the development of elevated depressive symptoms the following year, independently from potential confounders. As hypothesized, the use of MDMA and meth/amphetamine was independently predictive of subsequent depressive symptoms. Concurrent use of the two substances was more predictive than singular use. Given the paucity of well-controlled longitudinal studies on the subject, these results provide some of the first compelling evidence that synthetic drug use may pose a risk for the development of affective symptoms in youth.

Keyphrases: adolescence, cannabis, marijuana, MDMA, longitudinal, adolescence, depression, cannabis, marijuana, MDMA, methamphetamine, longitudinal, deviant peer affiliation, school bonding
La importancia del género gramatical
en la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera

The present work is part of the applied linguistics area; it particularly focuses on the methodology of teaching the grammatical gender in TSFL. Our interest as a teacher is to put together a reliable method, under the criteria of the Plan curricular of the Cervantes Institute and the technique of the consciousness-raising, also to elaborate activities for the teaching of the grammatical gender in Spanish as a Foreign Language SFL class. SFL is thought in Quebec with the same methods as those used in Europe. In regards to the grammatical gender, the consulted studies show the lack of pertinent instruction of the grammatical gender, as well as the difficulty in the assignment of the concordance in advanced levels. The analysis of SFL's manuals used in the diverse institutions of Montreal confirms that they do not follow the guidelines established by the Plan curricular. To verify these facts a two months and two weeks long fieldwork was carried out with 84 students. The students came from six different institutions of Montreal and were, therefore, divided in groups. The research’s results and the Errors’ Analysis confirm the existence of the grammatical gender problems in the students of intermediate level. Furthermore, the research shows that these mistakes do not disappear with reinforcement activities designed. In fact, it is necessary to adopt a method specifically adjusted to the learning of the grammatical gender in a SFL's class. Just as the method, the teacher should take a specific posture when teaching the grammatical gender. As shown by the results of the investigation, the execution of activities is not sufficient. The data demonstrate that the group B - categorized as of experience- has a slight progress in comparison to group A - control. Such results indicate that the formal instruction would have led to a better and more complete learning of the grammatical gender, hence the need to gather a reliable method of teaching.

Keyphrases: Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL), consciousness-raising, Grammatical Gender, Errors Analysis
Étude de la formation d'une communauté épistémique : l'influence réciproque d'acteurs sociaux et de conceptualisations en santé publique

The study of the formation of an epistemic community in Quebec's public health by using structural interactionism allows to understand this social phenomenon in terms of an interaction between, on the one hand, social actors interacting together and, on the other hand, various conceptualizations of the objects of public health. These social and semantic elements undergo simultaneous transformations.  Our study demonstrates that the formation of a network of researchers leads to the emergence of a new thematic at the center of interest of those researchers. Researchers are linked, not only in social networks term, but also at a conceptual level : social identities are linked, but not randomly, they are linked by semantics elements.  It is by exploring 20 years of scientific collaboration by using tools from social networks analysis, discrete components analysis and the exploration of concept lattice in particular that this study was conducted. Our approach is more exploratory and a special attention is put on methodological aspects of scientific work.

Keyphrases: Copublication, Social networks analysis, Copublication, Epistemic community, Sociosemantic analysis
Le rôle des organismes communautaires dans le développement économique local : le cas de Côte-des-Neiges/Notre-Dame-de-Grâce

The economic changes of the last decades such as globalization and liberalization of markets has changed the business structure and trade flows, thus affecting the organization of the territory. Community organizations, complementary with government services, have responded and are responding with various strategies, including those acting locally. They are responding to a variety of socio-economic needs and are adapting to changes in neighbourhoods. On the economic front, various organizations promote local entrepreneurship through various actions and strategies. This research examines the role and impact of community organizations in the development and consolidation of small businesses. How do the organizations impact on the vitality and viability of businesses in one of the most heterogenic boroughs of Montreal. We are also interested in their strategies and actions to improve the viability and business roots in the community, specifically on the impact of these actions on the local entrepreneurial development in Cote-des-Neiges / Notre-Dame-de-Grâce because of its heterogeneity in terms of ethnicity, socio-economic and its geographical features.  The results obtained indicate that the majority of actions and strategies undertaken by organizations refer to enterprise viability. In terms of firmly establishing companies, there are many externalities that influence the entrepreneur’s decisions on the establishment and relocation of enterprises which are beyond the actions of local organizations.  Overall, we can qualify Montreal as a resilient city. Indeed, the organization of the community services permits, despite some shortcomings in the strategies for promotion and distribution of tasks, an adequate support to entrepreneurs. Work remains to be done on promoting entrepreneurship as an occupation among the population and encourage academics to work in this field.

Keyphrases: CDN/NDG, Local economic development, Entrepreneurship, Community organizations, Social sciences – Geography
Revêtement anti-apoptotique à base de chondroïtine sulfate : vers un stent-graft bioactif

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a minimally invasive technique performed to treat abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) through the use of a stent-graft (SG). The usage of EVAR is presently limited by postoperative complications related to an incomplete healing of the surrounding tissues. The materials currently used in SG, the pro- apoptotic phathophysiology of AAA and the limited access to nutrients and oxygen, all limit the wound healing process and proper tissue ingrowth around the implant. The main objective of this thesis was to create of a bioactive coating inhibiting cell apoptosis and increasing vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) growth, to promote healing of the vascular tissues surrounding SG. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was chosen since recent findings have shown that this polysaccharide triggers key mechanisms involved in vascular repair. CS in solution was shown to inhibit apoptosis of VSMC, as well as stimulate myofibroblast differentiation. A coating of CS and collagen was first created for the purpose of this work. Although the coating was shown to increase cell resistance to apoptosis with VSMC, it was not stable enough, since it rapidly disintegrated in aqueous solutions. A new methodology was thus proposed, where CS was grafted right on aminated surfaces, through carbodiimide chemistry. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was then chosen to increase VSMC growth on the coatings. EGF is a known mitogenic and chemotactif growth factor for VSMC. It also stimulates the production of extracellular matrix elements, such as collagen and fibronectin. The activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) also triggers various cell signalling pathways modulating VSMC resistance to apoptosis. EGF was thus grafted on CS. CS+EGF coating on aminated glassed slides was shown to be uniform and bioactive. Finally, several methodologies to produce primary amines on polymeric biomaterials, such as PET and ePTFE, were studied in order to eventually transfer the v vi coating on implants. Plasma polymerization was chosen to create the CS+EGF coating. Once again the coating was shown to decrease VSMC apoptosis, in apoptotic conditions, and favour cell growth. Overall, the CS and EGF coating on aminated surfaces possesses interesting biological features and is a promising avenue to stimulate vascular healing around SG.

Keyphrases: Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Stent-graft, Stent-graft, Bioactive coating, Chondroitin sulfate, Epidermal growth factor, Apoptosis
L’inconscient tactile, ou, Les échos de la chair dans l’image

In this thesis, we seek to understand how the image can enlighten the comprehension of the persistence and transmission of psychic and cultural imprints, through the notion of a tactile unconscious. The image is not only an illusion, it is the carrying presence of the psychic imprint - the stamp of the real - appearing to perception to allow for its awareness. Using this approach toward the image, we can shed light on and appreciate the link between memory and sensation. At the core of the image, it is primarily the persistence of a tactile dimension of the unconscious that we explore in this research. The study of this medium, which is capable of bringing forth the tactile unconscious, is hence an opportunity and a pretext to convey an understanding of the contact point where individuals connect with their fellow human beings and where they enter into relational life.   We therefore examine how the image is at the crossroads between the phenomenon of representation and that of presentation, and how the movement of the image toward the raw material of memory makes it a vector of psychic plasticity, imprint transformation, and creativity. In addition, we suggest that the human perceptual apparatus, which allows us to be moved and be sensitive to an artistic image - to be touched by the tangible presence of a work of art - also allows us to identify with and feel empathy toward others. In this sense, we trace a parallel between the effect of the image and the effect of culture. There are, however, inherent limits to the reshaping of perception brought about by certain forms of art, as we will demonstrate in an examination of the mishaps of a certain post-modernity.

Keyphrases: Image, Psychanalyse, Art, Affect, Identification, Transmission, Image, Psychoanalysis, Art, Unconcious, Empathy, Affect, Identification, Transmission, Sens of touch, Tactile unconscious
Utilisation des TIC dans l'enseignement universitaire : influence des facteurs individuels et des facteurs liés à la discipline et à l'organisation

Literature shows that discipline and institution, as well as individual characteristics, influence the way faculty members work. This research aims at exploring the impact of those two first elements on use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by professors of a public research university. Data, collected by survey, have been analysed through a two-level hierarchical model, in which 350 teachers were nested in 42 departments. Technologies studied are WebCT, the personal web site or other learning environments, and the projector. The results showed the individual factors, discipline and institutional factors have different impacts on the use of these  technologies. A more substantial  part of the variance stays at the departmental level when the output is use of a projector in the classroom. Factors at the departmental level have a more substantial  impact on the use of a numerical environment. Disciplinary differences appear in relation with the use of personal web sites and learning environments. Undergraduate teaching is the only factor positively related to the use of these resources, while research income is the only factor positively related to projector use.

Keyphrases: TIC, ICT, Academic work, Teaching, Organization, Sociology of higher education
L’influence des expériences racistes sur le comportement des jeunes issus de l’immigration haïtienne à montréal

This thesis focuses on young Haitian immigrants in Montreal.  It offers a qualitative analysis of information collected on their social trajectories based on a sociological constructivist approach of ethnic relations. When comparing the experiences of young women and men in areas such as schools, workplace, housing, economic resources as well as in their relationships with the young French-Canadian Montrealer, one could observe an effect of gender from a perspective of integration and vision of the society.  The results of this study suggest that the course of young women reflects a social integration more successful than young men. These young males, whom in their social trajectories have reported facing racist experiences, identify themselves less as Quebecers and develop poor relationships with young French-Canadian Quebecers than do young women who lived similar experiences. This seems to explain a feeling of dissatisfaction and unflattering remarks in young men’s speeches towards Quebec society.

Keyphrases: discrimination, Youth, identity, racism, discrimination, Quebec
Interventions infirmières relatives à l'allaitement maternel de nouveau-nés prématurés

Problem statement. Based on observations from an unsuccessful randomized clinical trial that aimed to evaluate the effects of hindmilk on the short-term growth and development of preterm infants, a lactation support intervention for mothers of preterm infants has been developed. Mothers who give birth prematurely are three times more likely to have an insufficient milk output compared to those who give birth at term. It is therefore crucial to support these mothers in order to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of their milk supply. The aim of this pilot study is to estimate the effects of a lactation support intervention on the expression of breast milk and milk output of mothers who gave birth prematurely and assess the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention, study and its procedures.  Research hypothesis. A lactation support intervention in mothers who deliver prematurely enables them to express their milk significantly longer and more frequently, and produce a greater milk output with a higher lipid concentration compared to mothers who deliver prematurely and receive usual care. Method. Design: A pilot study of a randomized clinical trial. Sample: Forty mothers of preterm infants born at <30 weeks of gestation and admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Procedures: The mothers in the control group receive usual care while those in the experimental group receive a lactation support intervention. The intervention has four components: an education session on the establishment and maintenance of an adequate milk supply, a telephone follow-up, a telephone helpline and the loan of a double electric breast pump. In both the intervention and control groups, mothers kept a logbook of the frequency, duration and volume of their breast milk expressions.  Results. Both the study design and the intervention are feasible and acceptable to mothers of preterm infants. With the exception of milk lipid concentration, the results are oriented in the same direction as the research hypothesis.      Recommendations. A larger scale study should be conducted to evaluate the effects of the lactation support intervention on the frequency, duration, and volume of breast milk expression among mothers of premature infants. As for the clinical practice, concerted interprofessional actions must be undertaken to create the environment and conditions conducive to breast milk expression in these mothers.

Keyphrases: Lactation, Breast feeding, Lactation, Premature infant, Nursing intervention, Lactation consultant
La relation entre qualité de vie et santé : une question épistémologique

The relation between quality of life and health is complex and is represented as an umbrella concept whose definition is widely influenced by symbolic elements. On that level, if the socioeconomic status is used as a proxy for quality of life, it is because the parameters and criteria of life satisfaction are mainly based on material values within a given geopolitical, cultural and economical context. In this research, the data on family and community life habits are collected from a rural context and examined in relation with environmental factors serving as indicators opposed to certain results of epidemiological statistics on health. In that sense, and in order to accede to an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the relation between an enjoyable and healthy lifestyle, the survey and collection of empirical data have been conducted within a heuristic frame, allied to the concept of the satisfaction of basic needs in relation with the ecological environment, and the interaction of social, cultural and economic capital. This analytic perspective permits to draw a different and revisited portrait of health determinants, until then silenced by epidemiological surveys.

Keyphrases: Adaptation, Needs, Family, Community, Capitals, Adaptation, Quality of life, Territory, Practices, Health, Interactionism
Relations prédictives entre traits de personnalité, attitudes parentales et comportements perturbateurs : un modèle transactionnel de l'enfance à l'adolescence

Several studies confirmed that some children’s personality traits and parental attitudes constitute risk factors of later disruptive behaviors during adolescence.  However, most research has adopted a model postulating direct and independent relations between these risk factors and disruptive behaviors.  The transactional model is more realistic because it postulates bidirectional relations over time between these two risk factors.  Even though the transactional model is popular amongst researchers, there is in fact very little research formally demonstrating the existence of bidirectional relations with longitudinal data during childhood.  This study aimed at verifying the existence of bidirectional relations between children’s personality traits and their mothers’ parental attitudes measured on two occasions during childhood (ages 6 and 7), and later verifying if individuals’ disruptive behaviors during adolescence (age 15) could be predicted by children’s personality traits and parental attitudes. The data came from a prospective longitudinal study of 1000 boys and 1000 girls assessed on various occasions from kindergarten through adolescence.  Six children’s personality traits and two parental attitudes were assessed by mothers at ages 6 and 7, while the disruptive behavior diagnostics (conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were assessed by adolescents ant their mothers at age 15.  In order to test the research hypotheses, multiple-group path analyses based on structural equations modeling were used.  The results confirmed the presence of bidirectional relations between children’s personality traits and parental attitudes during childhood.  Nevertheless, there were few significant relations and most of them were of small size.  Multiple-group models also confirmed the presence of gender-specific bidirectional relations.  With regards to the prediction of disruptive behaviors, especially children’s personality traits and parental attitudes at age 6 (rather than age 7) were predictive.  Nonetheless, few predictive relations turned out to be significant.  Overall, this study is one of the rare to demonstrate the presence of bidirectional relations between children’s personality and parental attitudes with longitudinal data.  These results could have theoretical implications for explanatory models of disruptive behaviors, as well as practical implications for early screening of children at risk.

Keyphrases: Disruptive behavior, Personality traits, Parental attitudes, Bidirectional relations, Transactional model