NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La musique acousmatique et le documentaire : vers un art sonore informatif

This thesis explains the creative process behind the “acousmatic documentary” Littorale, a musical work with informative perspectives, which primarily makes use of on-site sound recordings, sound archives and the testimonies of seven informers. Aiming to establish links between the two media practices consisting of documentary and acousmatic music, the work investigates the story behind an impressive repertory of folksongs collected by ethnologist Marius Barbeau in 1918, within a small population of fishermen in Sainte-Anne- des-Monts and Tourelle, two remote villages on the north shore of the Gaspésie peninsula. The composing process is thus divided into three distinct yet interrelated steps: shedding light onto existing but underused links between documentary practices and acousmatic music, investigating the repertory of folksongs and its contemporary rediscovery by the local people, which reveals underlying identity concerns, as well as the composing itself of the three musical movements of Littorale. Through investigating the aforementioned identity concerns and shedding new light on some historical misconceptions, this alloy of two media practices aims to approach acousmatic composition in a way that is both informative and socially relevant.

Keyphrases: Marius Barbeau, Gaspésie, Interdisciplinarité, Acousmatic, Documentary, Soundscape, Interdisciplinarity, Gaspe peninsula, Folksongs, Quebecois heritage
Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada: An Ethical Analysis of Conscientious and Religious Objections

Background: The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) has ruled that the federal government is required to remove the provisions of the Criminal Code of Canada that prohibit medical assistance in dying (MAID). The SCC has stipulated that individual physicians will not be required to provide MAID should they have a religious or conscientious objection. Therefore, the pending legislative response will have to balance the rights of the patients with the rights of physicians, other health care professionals, and objecting institutions. Objective:The objective of this paper is to critically assess, within the Canadian context, the moral probity of individual or institutional objections to MAID that are for either religious or conscientious reasons. Methods: Deontological ethics and the Doctrine of Double Effect. Results: The religious or conscientious objector has conflicting duties, i.e., a duty to respect the “right to life” (section 7 of the Charter) and a duty to respect the tenets of his or her religious or conscientious beliefs (protected by section 2 of the Charter). Conclusion: The discussion of religious or conscientious objections to MAID has not explicitly considered the competing duties of the conscientious objector. It has focussed on the fact that a conscientious objection exists and has ignored the normative question of whether the duty to respect one’s conscience or religion supersedes the duty to respect the patient’s right to life.

Keyphrases: medical assistance in dying, conscientious objection, conflicting duties, deontological ethics
Ratages tous azimuts en développement international

Since 1962, the question of development in Africa has been perceived by agronomist René Dumont like a missed occasion. But little by little, this lucid diagnosis has been abusively spread throughout diplomatic salons and official boundaries of international development, from Washington to Paris, to London and to Ottawa. Becoming the object of all complacencies, the critic of international development as a "missed opportunity" has been itself the object of a missed occasion. But if one follows the historical path, we observe that both political and economical post-colonial sequels have shaped the context in which the Africans were durably deprived from their right to grab destiny at hand. This is how the extroverted economical structure and the weight of an insolvent dept have deeply projected the African country towards dependence and tutelage of industrialised world, particularly through the World Bank's neo-liberal programs, and whatever other form they take (structural adjustment as well as fight against poverty). In this vein, the selectivity criteria in the public aid to development, brought forward by the international institution and notably adopted by Canada, opens the door to many o kinds of abuse as commanded by political realism.

Keyphrases: Africa, development, post-colonial, neo-liberalism, World Bank
Les transformations récentes des politiques d’accountability en éducation : enjeux et incidences des outils d’action publique

Our purpose is to introduce a discussion on the diversity of tools and institutional arrangements which are mobilized to implement accountability policies. We first present the common dimensions of these policies but also the diversity of the forms they take in different contexts. We then discuss the existing typology of these policies and also their limitations before to establish a dynamic typology of policies and instruments of accountability in a third section. The analysis of the evolution of the tools used by the government enable us to make clearer the novelty of the "new" accountability policies, the meanings and the current socio-political issues of these policies.

Keyphrases: Accountability, Education policies, Policy tools, Typology
Que dit la science à propos des intelligences multiples?

In the debate on whether intelligence is single or multiple, Gardner takes a clear position in favor of the latter. His approach, however, has elicited at least nine criticisms : confusion between intelligence and talent, insufficient scientific rigor, absence of truly new findings, randomness of the criteria used, interdependence between multiple intelligences (MI),real status of MIs, measurement of MIs, ignoring results using factorial approaches, and refusal to consider group differences. The validity of MIs applications in an educational setting can also be questioned. Authors of the article ponder on the reasons for the success of the theory of MIs.

Keyphrases: multiple intelligences, Gardner’s theory, criticism
Pour réussir dans la vie professionnelle, a-t-on besoin d'un bon quotient intellectuel (QI) ou d'un bon quotient émotionnel (QÉ)?

After briefly presenting two conceptual trends in emotional intelligence, we examine the impact of this construct on seven aspects of working life : leadership, employee training, personnel selection, task performance, conflict management, workplace attitudes and workplace well-being. When first introduced, emotional intelligence promised to revolutionize the working world; however, a large number of studies have since demonstrated that it does not hold weight, particularly with respect to its validity. Compared to the predictive value of the intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional intelligence has shown only weak predictive power, despite the carefully designed instruments its proponents developed to measure its effects.

Keyphrases: emotional intelligence, intelligence quotient, measurement, professional success
Positionality and Comparisons: Critical Views on Qualitative Research across Asia

The paper is based on the autobiographical reflection of two female researchers who have conducted qualitative and ethnographic research from 2008 to 2014 in Central Asia (CA) and in Southeast Asia (SEA). Experiences of fieldwork are proxies of comparisons in our paper. By focusing on the role of positionality in the field, our study shows, first, that having a middle ground position and speaking the local languages are imperative in order to enter and conduct ethnographic field research. Second, different regions predetermine different cultural and political settings that consequently shape the social science research. Third, being female had both advantages and disadvantages. Lastly, in terms of methodology, internships and interviews have proved to be reliable methods for collecting rich empirical data in SEA and CA, but not necessarily to build trust.

Keyphrases: Ethnographic research, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, Social science research, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, Brunei Darussalam
Accountability et confiance dans l'institution scolaire

Is the rise of accountability, external testing and evaluation in education related with a loss of trust from the State, school administrators and users towards schools organisations ? Does it mean a doubt about their capacity to achieve their goals and missions ? Is it a symptom of a loss of trust in the teachers professionalism? We deal with these questions, on the base of theories of social trust. We distinguish on one hand the theories which focus on trust within economic transactions and on the other, the ones problematizing political trust of citizens towards institutions. We argue that accountability institutionnal arrangements aim to reduce customers or managers uncertainty about opportunism from professionals and school quality opacity. What is in stake is to facilitate the functionning of the « school market » or of the « school production system », with a risk of a loss of professionnal autonomy for teachers. These accountability arrangements do not guarantee that Schools become again a trustworthy political institution.

Keyphrases: Régulation, Institution scolaire, Accountability, Regulation, Governance, Trust, Teacher professionalism
La concurrence entre écoles accroît-elle les effets de composition ?

The between schools segregation is characterized by differences in the school composition that can be analyzed from a variety of viewpoints. In this text, the authors address in particular the effects of school composition, that is to say, the influence on students’ average characteristics on their learning. They propose a scheme of interpretation that aims to reason about the institutional conditions favourable to the emergence of compositional effects. This scheme aims to explain the diversity of research results on the school composition effects, assuming that they are maximized in institutional environments that combine flexibility in school choice and forms of schools’ autonomy.

Keyphrases: Segregation, Composition effects, Institutional environment, School choice, School autonomy
Les caractères musicaux au sein d'une démarche artistique dramatique : exploration des indices acoustiques jouant un rôle dans l'évocation des états affectifs en musique

This doctoral thesis in composition includes two projects, of different and complementary natures: (1) a theoretical research project, concerning the communication of various musical characters; (2) an artistic project, consisting of the composition of three pieces. The second project includes L'homme à deux têtes - a chamber opera, Un instant dans l'esprit de Lovecraft - for solo clarinet, string orchestra and percussions, and Balade ornithologique - for wind symphony.    The theoretical research project starts from the notion that music is a form of communication, and from our desire to understand how emotions are expressed in music, from a composer's perspective. We discuss models of communication, the concept of "virtual characters" and the theory of "mood contagion". Then, we detail the acoustic cues that allow for the perception of musical characters. All these concepts are illustrated and explored through the composition of miniatures, where the characters are well defined. We also propose a method of music analysis which includes the expression of characters and emotions, and we  apply this method to various sections of the pieces composed for this doctoral project. This last chapter highlights strategies to create a genuinely dramatic discourse, and discusses how various musical characters are evoked.

Keyphrases: Composition, Communication, Composition, Psychology, Prosody, Acoustic, Communication, Emotion, Character, Harmony
Introduction des sonorités du Mexique préhispanique dans l'orchestration moderne

The musical instruments and objects of the Mexican pre-Hispanic world are not commonly used in the creation of modern classical music. The use of these sounds may cause some problems, which remain to be solved in order to use them fully and universally in contemporary musical creation. This thesis fits into the introduction of pre-Hispanic Mexican sounds in modern orchestration. It consists of a musical research of creation and integration of new orchestral proposals in a contemporary perspective. So far, my concern has been to analyse the sound properties of these instruments to confront them with two different worlds, whose basic nature is simple and take us to an archaic reality. This work is based on seven chapters, including the compositional analysis of four of my musical creations. It aims to propose an approach to musical creation by drawing simple iteration elements (among others), which are very characteristic of Mexican whistles and other sound objects. This sound discovery allowed me to create, compare and make several corrections in my musical language for assessing the sound phenomena of some ancient instruments by introducing them into a different context to their own origin. List of works submitted:  Nahui Ocelotl, pour percussion solo et instruments préhispaniques  El Evangelio de Judas, pour ensemble  Ikal pour trompette maya et percussion  Stáku pour ensemble Keywords: orchestration, composition, percussion, pre-Hispanic musical instruments, musical analyses, iteration, engineer Roberto Velázquez.

Keyphrases: Orchestration, Composition, Percussion, Pré-Hispanic musical instruments, Musical analyses, Iteration, engineer Roberto Velázquez
Émergence et développement de l’oncologie au Québec : collaboration, compétition et défis organisationnels, 1900-2005

Objectives : in studying the development of oncology and of the fight against cancer in the province of Québec, we wish to better understand the transformations that went on during the 20th century and how these transformations have structured oncology and the fight against cancer. The project focus on three level of analysis : 1) the micro level which studies the organization of health care services provided to cancer patients within a hospital, i.e. Hôtel-Dieu de Québec; 2) the meso level looks at the recognition of medical oncology as a new medical speciality and studies the struggle between hematologists and medical oncologists. 3) The macro level aims to shed light on the organization of the fight against cancer in the province of Québec during the 20th century. Main hypothesis : collaboration and competition between actors have influenced and structured the emergence and transformation of oncology and of the fight against cancer. It appears that the field of oncology is caught between the obligation of collaborating to provide quality care and professional and/or organizational dynamics.  Theoretical framework : a theoretical framework was developed for each level of analysis. The micro level concentrates on the negotiation processes of the social order in oncology within a university hospital, therefore the concepts of Frickel, Abbott and Strauss were used. The meso level uses Bourdieu’s and Abbott’s concepts to analyze the struggle between two specialties to monopolize and control chemotherapy drugs. And for the macro level analysis, the sociology of organizations and the neo-institutional theories were used to shed light on the emergence and transformation of the fight against cancer in the province of Québec during the 20th century. Methodology : case study approach was used for each level of analysis. The data consist in archival material and interviews. Archives were collected from 10 Canadian archive centers; while 60 interviews were conducted with oncologists, healthcare professional, managers, scientists and civil servants. Conclusion : while each level of analysis offer its own contributions, the whole thesis sheds light on the complexity of organizational changes that is based on a perpetual process of definition and redefinition of professional and organizational boundaries following the development of scientific knowledge, technologies, professional expertise, and the social, political and economic environment.

Keyphrases: cancer, Oncology, healthcare services, health profession, interdisciplinarity, organization of work, hospital, public policy, medical sociology, sociology of organizations, medical specialty
Musiciens migrants d'origine arabe dans le contexte montréalais : le parcours de la reconnaissance

This thesis examines the career paths of migrant musicians of Arab descent living in Montreal. It looks at how they build their musical careers in this context and gain recognition from the various actors they encounter – peers, cultural stakeholders, the public. The methodology adopted is qualitative in nature and corresponds to an ethnosociological perspective, with the musical context of the study placing the approach in the field of sociomusicology. Five musicians with existing musical practices who had migrated from Arab countries were interviewed, along with five members of the musical milieu who interact with them. This series of interviews was supplemented by observation and archival research (ex.: albums, cv). This investigative approach allowed for the elaboration of a set of proposals aiming to understand the observed social phenomena. It would seem that these musicians build their Montreal careers thanks to renewal and original reappropriation of musical sources and influences accumulated throughout their lives, a process that is nevertheless dependant on the workings of the music scene. This milieu is made up of multiple actors with their own objectives, interests, and constraints around which the musicians must adapt, negotiate, and make compromises. Additionally, the Arab ethnicity that is constructed and staged through musical performances can presumably act as a device for standing out in the Montreal scene. However, the dynamics underpinning these artists’ social relationships within the city ultimately give them little control over the manner in which recognition is manifested for the individuals as artists or for their musical practices.

Keyphrases: migration, musicians' career paths, migration, recognition, Arab ethnicity, Montreal, music career
Le développement du public jeune universitaire pour la musique classique à Montréal

Research conducted in Quebec (Garon, 2009), France (Donnat, 2011) and the United States (Kolb, 2001) confirm a general phenomenon: the classical music audience is aging. If such audiences are mainly known for having a high level of education, then why aren’t university students nowadays more present in classical music concert halls? This study explores the issue firstly by historical research and interviews with classical music organizations in Montreal in order to understand their audience development strategies from 2004 to 2014. Secondly, we explore it through a survey with 555 university students in the city to document their relationship with music. Our analysis, supported by a bibliography of Sociomusicology and Sociology of Cultural Practices, confirms trends such as the “cultural omnivorism” and the musical eclecticism of young academics. It also shows us a positive reception of classical works, although incompatible with the aesthetic criteria used to describe their favorite music genres. From this paradox, we study the strength of extra-musical motivations that lead them to go to live concerts. We also examine their favorite concert formats, as well as the impact of music education on their tastes, the influence of the parents, the internet and the new technologies. Finally, we confirm the low investment in activities among university students by the classical music organizations in Montreal, even though young academics represent a great potential for the renewing of classical music audiences.

Keyphrases: classical music, audience development, young adults audience, university students audience, sociomusicology
Pentecôte et langues de feu : analyse structurelle et interprétation d’Actes des Apôtres 2,3

The Pentecost Account (Acts of Apostles 2) introduces the reader to a particular item that is rarely found in the biblical canon: the tongues as of fire. Only passages of Isaiah 5:24 and Acts 2.3 use this term, yet their contexts differ widely. We find some rabbinic commentaries and fragments of the Dead Sea scrolls that use this same expression. Greco-Roman literature uses a similar image where a divine fire is set on the head of certain characters. Since the function of this element varies from one text to the other, how are we to interpret the tongues of fire in Pentecost account? Biblical commentaries focused on this element propose different hypothesis as to the symbolism of the tongues of fire. To address this issue, we are going to conduct a presentation on the state of the question, a grammatical analysis, a review of Hebrew texts and Greco-Roman stories that use this expression or a similar image, a philological analysis of the terms γλῶσσα and πῦρ, followed by a structural analysis to perceive the place that our expression holds in the Pentecost account. Subsequently, we will be able to take a critical look at previous synchronic interpretations, and propose that the expression γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός works in its structural framework along with its repetitive and synonymous terms in order to guide us to see the fulfillment of the promise of Holy Spirit, which in turn empowers the believer to carry out the mission given: the proclamation of the Christological message to all ethnic groups.

Keyphrases: Tongues of fire, Pentecost Account, Acts 2, Acts of the Apostles, Baptism of the Holy Spirit, Holy Spirit, Structural Analysis, Semitic Rhetorical Analysis
Effet du CP-3(iv), un ligand du récepteur CD36, sur le stress oxydatif suite à une ischémie cardiaque transitoire chez la souris

The scavenger receptor CD36 facilitates the internalization of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on cardiac and peripheral tissues. During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R), the damage induced is in part related to the internalization of NEFA and the production of reactive oxygen species, in opposition to what is observed in CD36-deficient mice (CD36-/-). We hypothesized that CP-3(iv), a synthetic ligand of the CD36 receptor, provides a cardioprotective effect by reducing the infarct area during a transient myocardial ischemia. Our objectives were 1) to determine the cardioprotective effect of CP-3(iv) and 2) to define its mechanism. For this, in vivo and ex vivo studies have been done. Wild-type mice were treated with CP-3(iv) (289 nmol/kg) subcutaneously during 14 days before being submitted to 30 minutes of ischemia following left anterior descending coronary artery ligature and reperfusion for a period of 6 to 48 hours. In addition, isolated mouse hearts were perfused 30 minutes, followed by 40 minutes with low flow (10%) and 30 minutes of reperfusion during which the heart is perfused with CP-3(iv) at a concentration of 10-6 M. Our work has shown that the cardioprotective effect of preventive treatment with CP-3(iv) reduces the infarct size and preserves cardiac hemodynamics in a CD36-dependent manner because this effect is not visible in CD36-/- mice. In addition, CP-3(iv) not only exerts a systemic effect, but also a direct cardioprotective effect on the isolated heart.

Keyphrases: CD36, adiponectine, ROS, heart, adiponectin