NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Candida species and inflammation mediators in denture stomatitis : detection in biological samples

Introduction: Denture stomatitis (DS) is a common inflammatory condition affecting the hard palate of mucosal tissue in contact with complete or partial denture. The most likely etiological factors of DS are fungal infection, denture biofilm, and trauma. Objectives: 1) To investigate the ability of Candida sp. to grow in specific media after long term storage 2) To investigate the relationship of Candida sp. and denture stomatitis 3) To test the prevalence of S. mutans in DS patients 4) To detect the value of IL1-β ,IFN-γ ,IL-6, and TNF-α in samples after long term storage Method: A total of 115 clinical sonicate samples, taken from individuals over 63 years old, kept frozen at -80°C from 2008 were used for this study. The presence of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, and S. mutans was evaluated by PCR and culture. A sandwich ELISA was used for the detection and assay of IL-1β, IL6 and TNFα. Presence of Candida sp was tested by using specific media for all samples (n=115) within 24 hours of collection and before and after freezing 7 years later. Results: Microbiological cultures on fresh samples in 2008 showed that C. albicans was present in 21.74% of all samples. However, after thawing, detection of C. albicans cannot be considered reliable (4.35%). The use of PCR allowed us to detect the presence of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, S. mutans in DS, except in healthy patients. However, C. tropicalis is more frequent than C. albicans, a result that contrasts with the culture when the sample was fresh Conclusion: Our results show that the capacity to detect microbial cells by culture after long term storage at -80°C was decreased about 80%. In addition cytokines might be degraded, rinsed off or below our detection level. However, association between Candida sp., S. mutans and DS was found.

Keyphrases: Inflammation mediator, Denture stomatitis, Candida sp.
Sensibilité non-visuelle à la lumière et décalage du cycle éveil-sommeil

Problem: Some people suffer from having a delayed sleep schedule that they can’t modify to satisfy school/work requirements. These individuals suffer from sleep deprivation and sleepiness when they have to comply with a socially acceptable schedule. Despite its high prevalence, the etiology of a delayed schedule remains unknown.  Objective: This study aims to elucidate factors that might contribute to the maintenance of a delayed sleep schedule in young adults.  Methods: Fourteen young adults (8 women) complaining of delayed sleep schedule were compared to matched subjects with an adapted sleep schedule. Habitual bedtime (HB) was after midnight in all delayed subjects and before midnight in all adapted subjects. Subjects were admitted 5h before HB and kept in dim light for 6h. They were then exposed for 1.5h to blue light. Salivary melatonin and subjective sleepiness were assessed every 30 min. Melatonin suppression was used to measure circadian sensitivity to light. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was used to estimate circadian phase.  Results: DLMO was later in the delayed than in the adapted group. There was no difference for melatonin suppression over the 1.5h of light exposure. However, in the delayed group, there was a significant correlation between DLMO and melatonin suppression. There was a smaller increase of subjective sleepiness in the delayed subjects than in the adapted subjects before HB.  Conclusions: Our results suggest that a delayed circadian phase, a slower build-up of sleep propensity and an enhanced circadian sensitivity to evening light contribute to the complaint of a delayed sleep schedule.

Keyphrases: Chronotype, Dim light melatonin onset, Blue light, Delayed sleep phase disorder, Light sensitivity, Melatonin suppression
Estimation de la macrosomie fœtale chez les populations Cris de l’Est de la Baie-James

Objective: Assess the impact of fetal macrosomia based on definitions (birth weight> 4000 g,> 4500g, ≥90ième percentile Kramer) currently used in Quebec and compare the prevalence of maternal and perinatal morbidity associated with macrosomia between the Cree populations of Eastern James Bay and the general population of Quebec. Specific postnatal curves for the Cree will be constructed. Design: Comparison of two prospective cohort Cree and Quebec. Cohort of Cree populations of eastern James Bay, has recruited 2546 women from 2000 to 2010, during the study of fetal macrosomia in the Cree of eastern James Bay. Quebec cohort consisted of 97,475 women and comes from the multicenter randomized clinical trial QUARISMA 2008-2010, this study promulgates the reduction of caesarean delivery rate. Methods: The risk of fetal macrosomia, maternal and perinatal morbidity, by ethnicity, Cree and Quebec, are evaluated by generalized estimating equations models (GEE). GEE models were adjusted to control for potentially confounding factors. The reference group is Quebec women. The specific growth curves of the Cree are built by quantile regression. Results: More than a third, 36.8%, of Cree populations of Eastern James Bay and 9.3% of newborns in Quebec have a birth weight> 4000g. For a birth weight> 4500g, the results show that 10.9% of the Cree, have a birth weight of more than 4500g, the rate is 1.2% in Quebec. The definition of fetal macrosomia by neonatal birth weight≥90th percentile of Kramer identifies 40.02% Cree’s for 8.8% of infants of Quebec as macrosomic. The Cree population are more at risk of fetal macrosomia, compared to the general population of Quebec, these associations were statistically significant: OR = 5.2; 95% CI (4.6 to 6.0) for birth weight> 4000g, OR = 8.1; 95% CI (6.2 to 10.7) for birth weight> 4500g and OR = 6.2; 95% CI (5.7 to 6.7) for birth weight percentile ≥90th Kramer. The risk of major perinatal morbidity associated with fetal macrosomia, is generally less important for the Cree than for the general population of Quebec:  0.76; 95% CI 0.62-0.94. Fetal macrosomia should be described by birth weight ≥95th percentile of Kramer, for the Cree, but preferably at the 90th percentile of the specific postnatal curves of Cree populations of Eastern James Bay. The specific Cree birth weight thresholds for diagnosing fetal macrosomia, at the 90th percentile of the 40th week of gestation, are 4 417g for the girls and 4 488g for the boys. Conclusion: Kramer’s curves diagnose systematically too much macrosomic Cree babies compare to the general population of Quebec. Futhermore, the risk of major maternal and perinatal morbidity is lower for these indigenous communities, at the different definitions of fetal macrosomia, suggesting the use of specific curves for the Cree, to reduce obstetrics interventions not required in large, but non macrosomic, Cree babies.

Keyphrases: QUARISMA, Fetal macrosomia, Cree, Quebec, Maternal and perinatal morbidity, Diagnostic, Kramer’s percentile, Cree’s percentile, 4000g, 4500g
The impact of apple peel polyphenols on intestinal and mitochondrial functions in experimental colitis

Background: We have recently shown that dysregulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways and oxidative damage to biological structures are major contributors to experimental ulcerative colitis. We also demonstrated the powerful anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of dietary apple peel polyphenols (DAPP) in the intestine.  Objectives:  As mitochondria are major sources and target of free radicals, as well as exhibit various important cellular functions, we evaluated their roles in intestinal colitis and their responses to DAPP.  Methods: Induction of intestinal inflammation in C57BL6 mice was performed by administration of 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Two different doses of DAPP (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) were administered by gavage for 10 days (before and during DSS administration) to examine the preventive and curative effects, respectively, on inflammation and oxidative stress (OxS) in the intestine, and on mitochondrial functions.  Results: DSS caused a significant weight loss, shortening of the colon, increased OxS (noted by lipid peroxidation), and raised inflammation (verified by infiltration of inflammatory cells, up-regulation of MPO, and elevated TNF-α and COX2 protein expression). Furthermore, DSS induced perturbations in mitochondrial biogenesis, as reflected by alterations of the transcription factor PGC1α and mitochondrial function characterized by diminished Adenosine-5'-Triphosphate (ATP) production, lowered antioxidant defense (GPx and SOD2), amplified apoptosis (as illustrated by the high expression of Cytochrome C and AIF), and defects in DNA integrity (high 8-OHdG). However, DAPP administration improved macroscopic parameters (e.g. weight loss, colon shortening) and reduced DSS-induced clinical signs. DAPP showed an evident capability of reducing inflammation (as noted by decreased TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2 and AP-1) and OxS (as shown by reduced malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide levels and increased GPx) in DSS mice. Our findings also revealed that DAPP partially corrected mitochondrial dysfunction related to redox homeostasis, fatty acid β-oxidation, ATP synthesis, apoptosis and regulatory mitochondrial transcription factors (PGC1α, PPARγ and Nrf-2). Conclusion: DAPP have the ability to act on intestinal OxS, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby alleviating colitis progression via the modulation of cellular energy, OxS, antioxidant capacity, apoptosis and mtDNA integrity.

Keyphrases: Mitochondria, Mitochondrial function and dysfunction, Inflammatory bowel disease, Inflammation, Crohn's disease, Experimental colitis, Oxidative stress, Polyphenols, Prevention, Treatment
Perceptions et besoins du personnel des services de garde en milieu scolaire québécois en lien avec le contexte du repas à l’école et la promotion de saines habitudes alimentaires

Context: Since 1985, the main objective of the Association des services de garde en milieu scolaire du Québec (ASGEMSQ) has been to improve the quality of child care services in schools so that each child could develop in an environment that contributes to its well-being and growth. In partnership with Québec en forme, ASGEMSQ joined a national movement searching to promote healthy lifestyles and initiated actions leading to the development of environment conductive to healthy eating and physical activities in school child care services. To this end, child care providers definitively play a decisive role. Objective: The main objectives of this research are to study the perceptions of school-age child care providers in Quebec with regards to the meal period and the factors that may impair its development, as well as to identify their training needs in nutrition. Methodology: During fall 2014, an electronic survey was sent to 1655 child care providers from Quebec schools. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were conducted (SPSS, version 17.01). Results: In total, 624 responses were obtained, a 38% response rate. The meal context appears to be a relatively pleasant moment for the majority of children and educators. Different obstacles had statistically significant relationship with the perception of the meal context as being enjoyable for the majority of children, namely failure from parents to comply with instructions regarding lunch box content, children personal eating pace, the need to appropriately support children with special needs, non-compliance to the school code of conduct and the general attitude of the school's staff. The results show considerable interest from child care providers in various nutrition training activities. Moreover, specific training themes have a statistically significant relationship with obstacles related to a favorable meal context and to certain characteristics of the environment likely to impact them. Conclusion: The data confirm training needs and the importance to support partnerships with school and parents so that the meal context represents enjoyable moments. Elementary school day care is an environment to be documented. It constitutes a living environment that a majority of children experiment on a daily base. In collaboration with child-care center managers, school principals and parents, actions can be planned to create environments that support the adoption of healthy lifestyles. This transversal study conducted in Quebec's elementary schools contributed to the study on the importance of the environments on overall healthy lifestyles.

Keyphrases: perception, nutrition training, educators, child care settings, school age children, healthy eating, eating behaviors
Développement et validation des ateliers d’éducation culinaire et nutritionnelle du projet VIE : Valorisation, Implication, Éducation

Context. Cancer is still the main cause of death by illness in children. Furthermore, two third of the survivors will present treatment-related late effects in adulthood. As it will be described in this thesis, the VIE program (Valorisation, Implication, Education) at the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center aims to implement an intervention program to raise awareness of patients ongoing cancer treatments and their family to the benefits of adopting a healthy lifestyle and to support them with expected behavior change. One component of this program consists in nutrition and cooking education workshops. Objectives. The main objective of this project is to develop and validate a nutrition and cooking education workshop curriculum which will address concerns specific to on-treatment pediatric oncology patients and help prevent cardiometabolic late effects. A second objective is to develop an evaluation tool for the workshops. Methodology. The workshops’ themes, specific objectives and content have been subject to an eight-steps development and validation process, including steering committee consultation. The recipes in demonstration have been developed and standardized by two research staff registered dietitians and their nutritional value analyzed with a nutritional analysis software. Evaluation tools have been developed in accordance with the workshops learning objectives, inspired by existing tools and reviewed by expert. Results. Six nutrition and cooking education workshops based on scientific evidence and clinical experience of three pediatric oncology registered dietitians have been developed and validated. Twelve recipes related to the workshops themes, two for each workshop, have been developed, standardized and their nutritional value validated. Six questionnaires have been developed for each workshop to measure participants’ perception of knowledge acquisition, behavioral intention and satisfaction. Conclusion. It is, to our knowledge, the first nutrition and cooking education workshop curriculum elaborated specifically for families of an on-treatment pediatric oncology population. We think that this program will address the needs specific to pediatric oncology patients and their family, while contributing to raise awareness to the importance of adopting and maintaining healthy eating habits during and after cancer treatments.

Keyphrases: Nutrition, Nutrition education, Cooking workshops, Development, Pediatrics, Family, Oncology, Side effects, Cancer treatments, Healthy eating
Le traitement des exceptions préliminaires devant le CIRDI

Increasingly used, preliminary objections have now become a traditional institution of ICSID proceedings. The increasing use by litigation actors raises many questions about the reality of their treatment. In particular, it raises questions about the existence of a consistent set of rules that would framework their use and, hence, ensure a certain degree of predictability. In this regard, the procedural aspect of the objections includes many problematic elements. Some are linked to the implementation of the objection, others to the introduction timing. Thus, on the one hand, this research will focus on the real incentives behind the consecration of the right to raise them and who has access to that right. On the other hand, this research will focus on the actuality of the condition to introduce them in limine litis and try to explain the frequent exceptions, and exaggerated flexibility, in the arbitral practice regarding this condition. As to the substantive aspect, we will inquire about the purpose of the objection from both qualification and delimitation point of views. Specifically, we will address the issue of the distinction between jurisdiction and admissibility. Why this distinction is sometimes considered and sometimes completely ignored by the parties to the proceedings. What impact might such a distinction have on the final outcome? Similarly, we will question the frequent extension, sometimes even abusive, of the scope of jurisdiction or admissibility by the ICSID Tribunals to help better understand the borders of the objections substance and the reasons behind such a phenomenon.

Keyphrases: Arbitrage international, Preliminary objection, Jurisdiction, Admissibility, ICSID, Investment, International arbitration
Neutralité du net, entre fragmentation et convergence

This paper examines the relevant building blocks for a reasonable legislation on Net Neutrality by considering different points of contention in select legal systems. We begin with the antagonism of free information exchange and the cost of infrastructure, making the case for Internet provider access to the network’s value chain.  As we show, there are several issues to consider with Internet access including privacy, ac- cess equality, fundamental rights and intellectual property. Consequently, the exclusion of users from the conversation is surprising as they have been contributing to infrastructure funding and content creation. We stress the importance of transparent network management to facilitate offering comparison.  Following the entry of new players like MVNOs and the development of mobile web, Inter- net access tools are undergoing a fragmentation process, hence our study of the convergence of content into closed, proprietary platforms. In this context, we also explore the incentives for developing a fair and competitive environment through shared infrastructure. What we call an ecosystem economy is based upon product synergy and culturally exclusionary procedures that lead the debate to unchartered territories.

Keyphrases: facilités essentielles, transparence, Net neutrality, Access tiering, Platforms, Ecosystems, Essential facilities, Fundamental rights, Transparency, Competition
La complémentarité de la Cour pénale internationale à  l’épreuve de la lutte contre l’impunité des crimes internationaux

Many States have ratified the Rome Statute establishing the International Criminal Court (ICC). In response to the issue of international crimes which usually go unpunished, this represents a giant step forward. However, by exercising much of their sovereignty, these States have made the ICC a supplementary jurisdiction which only acts when crimes within its jurisdiction committed by high authorities, are not subject to serious investigations or prosecutions at the national levels. As a proactive approach to its complementarity, it is required to catalyze the organization of investigations or prosecutions at the national levels by assisting or encouraging local authorities.  This complementarity of the ICC to the national judiciary systems constitutes the only way this court has available to fight against international crimes impunity. However, the implementation of this principle and the way it is worded in the Rome Statute, constitute, in most cases, the source of impunity rather than its remedy.   In order to do so, this study first highlights the politicization and instrumentalisation that plagued the implementation of this principle and the insufficient exploration of positive complementarity.  It secondly gives an overview of the evolution of international criminal justice stressing its complementary nature. The meaning and scope of the principle of complementarity will be then scrutinized which will allow for testing our hypothesis; taking Ivory Coast’s and Libya’s contexts as cases in point.  In light of the results, suggestions in terms of revisions of the legal basis of this principle and the optimization of positive complementarity as a true weapon against impunity of such unheard of crimes are discussed.

Keyphrases: international crimes, International Criminal Court, impunity, principle of complementarity, Rome Statute
L'Économie de communion : devoirs moraux et responsabilité sociale axée sur le relationnel dans l'entreprise

Within the liberal economy, a business model was born combining altruism and profit-seeking: the Economy of Communion. Through its social responsibility, this model adopts specific management strategies that try to put people at the center of the firm's activities. The aim of the paper is to present the Economy of Communion, its purpose and the various axes that support it, as well as its understanding of the interaction of the business world with ethics, values and law. In the light of the experience of 811 firms, the Economic of Communion acknowledges the efficiency of its management mode in terms of optimizing entrepreneurial performance. It emphasizes in particular an approach where economic dynamics are based on solidarity and fraternity.

Keyphrases: Enterprise, Economy of communion, Culture of giving, Corporate social responsability, Ethics, Business ethics, Reciprocity, Solidarity, Fraternity, Relationalism, Governance
L’État de droit en transition : une amnistie pour le Bloody Sunday?

Since the Good Friday Agreement was signed in 1998, the Northern Irish society has embarked on its transitional process towards peace, attempting to leave behind thirty years of a conflict commonly known as the Troubles. This outcome brings to light many different issues, amongst which is that of the Bloody Sunday. This infamous event of the Troubles saw fourteen civilians killed by British soldiers as they were taking part in a civil rights demonstration. The soldiers were spared the judicial process despite the efforts deployed by the victims’ families to bring them to justice. In 2014, an amnesty was suggested as a transitional justice mechanism to further the society’s transition to the post-conflict era. This study examines the validity of such an amnesty in light of the underlying values of the Rule of Law.

Keyphrases: Bloody Sunday, Rule of law, Transitional justice, Amnesty, Bloody Sunday, Northern Ireland, Human rights, Legality, Post-conflict transition, Transition post-conflit