NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Typologie des cas d’échange d’images sexuelles produites par les jeunes par le biais d’Internet : une étude exploratoire chez les adolescentes âgées de moins de 18 ans

Sexting among adolescents is a phenomenon with a globalized presence (Agustina & Gómez-Durán, 2012). To date, studies have not made it possible to reach a consensus on the definition of the term "sexting", to draw a portrait of the characteristics related to the criminal history of girls who sext as well as the characteristics related to the circumstances under which these cases occur and, finally, to consolidate the knowledge about sexting cases involving adolescents in order to elaborate a typology. Based on a sample of 17 cases involving the exchange of youth-produced sexual images (YPSI) through Internet by girls aged under 18, the main purpose of this study is to examine whether or not this sample is related to the typology of sexting cases developed by Wolak and Finkelhor (2011). In order to do so, this study presents (1) a description of the characteristics related to the criminal history of girls aged under 18 involved in a case of exchange of YPSI through Internet as well as the circumstantial characteristics of these cases and (2) a typology of cases of exchange of YPSI through Internet involving girls under 18 years of age. The results reveal that the typology is composed of two broad categories that later divide into different subcategories. The first category, Aggravated cases, includes additional aggravating factors that go beyond the exchange of YPSI through Internet, such as an intent to harm others through the exchange of YPSI (Intent to Cause Harm subcategory), a compensation in exchange for YPSI (Exchange subcategory) or a carefree distribution of YPSI (Carefree Distribution subcategory). The second category, Experimental cases, includes cases that took place in a context of sexual attention seeking (Search for Sexual Attention subcategory) or in a context of an established couple already having romantic or sexual relationships (Romantic subcategory). Ultimately, this typology is compared to that of Wolak and Finkelhor (2011) through a gender-specific framework. A synthesis of the results of this study led to the development of prevention strategies for cases of exchange of YPSI through Internet involving girls under 18 years of age.

Keyphrases: Internet, Sexting, Youth-produced sexual images, Typology, Girls, Minors, Internet, Prevention
Cyber insurance as a risk manager

The goal of this research is to understand how Canadian insurance companies conceptualize cyber risks to quantify a residual or evolving loss. Through ten qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted with insurance professionals throughout Canada, we found that the purchase of cyber coverage contributes to the risk management efforts. Companies are increasingly looking to implement or enhance their cyber security measures through cyber insurance. In fact, the study found that cyber insurance can serve three purposes. The first is that it allows for a better understanding and diffusion of knowledge through the continuous research on cybercrimes and the revision of cyber policies. The second finding is that insurance professionals work with companies to assess and facilitate the integration of preventive measures. This is based on the tools they use to asses a company’s cyber security infrastructure. Finally, the study found that insurance companies have a considerable societal impact on the surveillance and governance of cybercrimes.

Keyphrases: Insurance, Cybercrime, Risk, Coverage, Cyber Insurance, Risk Management, Grounded Theory
Le lien entre les facteurs individuels, le port d’armes à feu et l’utilisation criminelle d’armes à feu

This memoire aims to identify the real and artificial links between individual factors and the criminal use of firearms. More specifically, this memoire aims to identify the direct and indirect links between the individual characteristics of the offenders most likely to criminally use their firearms when the carrying of firearms is integrated as a mediating variable. Logistic regression analyzes are performed on a sample of 235 offenders from whom a survey was conducted. Three logistic regression analyzes were conducted to determine the presence of a mediating effect of the carrying of firearms: first, between individual characteristics and the criminal use of firearms, then between individual characteristics and the carrying of firearms and, ultimately, between individual characteristics and the criminal use of firearms when controlled by the carrying of firearms. Logistic regression results show that carrying a firearm acts as a mediating variable for cocaine sales, alcohol consumption, having been shot at and firearms carrying by peers. The links between these factors and the criminal use of firearms are therefore indirect, except for the carrying of firearms by peers who maintain both direct and indirect links to the criminal use of firearms. However, logistic regression analyzes also reveal changes in the links between cannabis use and the criminal use of firearms, as well as in the perceived risk of being shot at by a police officer and the criminal use of firearms when controlled by the carrying of firearms. It is therefore possible that the carrying of firearms has a moderating role with these variables. Thus, firearm carrying would act as a mediator for some variables and as moderator for others. These results support the importance of having an integrative approach to the situational perspective and individual predispositions, as some relationships have become statistically significant only once the carrying of firearms is incorporated into the analyzes, while others have been greatly modified.

Keyphrases: firearms, criminal firearm use, firearm carrying
L’implication judiciaire des enfants victimes d’agression sexuelle et l’influence sur leur rétablissement

Victims of child sexual abuse are likely to show a wide range of adaptation difficulties (e.g.: depression, anxiety, PTSD).  In addition, some children and their families are involved in legal proceedings following the child’s disclosure. Children testifying in court and having to report traumatic events such as sexual abuse raise questions amongst professionals and researchers. However, little is known about the legal involvement of child sexual abuse victims (Jodi A. Quas et al., 2005). The main objective of this study is to examine the influence of legal involvement on the mental health and the recovery process of child sexual abuse victims. In the present longitudinal study, the effects of testifying were examined in a sample of 344 children (67% of girls) receiving therapeutic services in a Child Advocacy Centre (CAC), of which 130 children testified. The participants’ age ranged from 6 to 14 years old (m= 9.42 s. d.= 2.14). Children and their parents completed a series of measures to evaluate the child’s mental health (e.g. depression, anxiety, PTSD) at four points in time (at initial assessment, at the end of CAC services, 1 year after the initial assessment and 2 years after the initial assessment). Multilevel analysis indicates that all the children, independently of their legal involvement, showed significant improvement with the therapeutic services. However, the group who testified more than once shows higher levels of emotional distress 2 years after the initial assessment. This study highlights the importance of documenting the experience of CSA victims in the justice system in order to establish the adequate conditions to support child witnesses.

Keyphrases: child sexual abuse, testifying, legal procedures, mental health
Expériences institutionnelles et renonciation à la libération conditionnelle : récits de vie de personnes incarcérées et points de vue d’intervenants

In the province of Quebec, every year, more than 3 000 inmates are eligible for parole at one-third of their sentence. The offender can make the request. If granted by the Quebec Parole Board, she will serve the rest of her sentence in the community. However, the inmate may also choose to waive this measure and remain in custody until 2/3 of his sentence. For several years, more than 1,000 prisoners have made this choice and give up their freedom at one-third of their sentence. Objective: The purpose of this study was therefore to focus on the parole waiver experiencies. To do this, it was to highlight the elements that, in the inmate's prison experience, will lead him to give up. Method: To achieve this goal, a collection of 3 sources of data was conducted: an interview in the form of a life story with six inmates, the consultation of their prison records and a semi-structured interview with their probation officer. Results: The analysis of the collected data showed that despite the events experienced such as "I represent a risk", "I have access and I participate in programs", "I have no problem with my probation officer”, it’s the perceptions of delinquents about conditional release which are decisive. Offenders indicate that these perceptions are particularly nourished by others, in their everyday life in detention - by fellow inmates and officer - but also by their relatives. Thus, the manner in which inmates will perceive their prison experience, their family situation, the conditions imposed in the context of a conditional release are all elements that allow to understand the renunciation of these individuals to this measure of early release.

Keyphrases: parole, renunciation, life story, inmate, prison experience
La réaction sociale sur Twitter après un attentat terroriste : une analyse de l’attaque de Berlin

Although a few studies about the online social response to terrorist attacks have been made, this phenomenon is still partially unknown. This study aims to describe the social response and assess the evolution of cyberhate that occur online after Islamic terrorist attacks. According to this purpose, the analysis is based on the tweets collected in the week following the terrorist attack on Berlin’s Christmas market, which happened on December 19th, 2016. This study aims more concretely to (1) describe the online social response after Berlin’s attack and (2) describe and model the evolution of cyberhate. These goals are respectively achieved by the qualitative analysis of the reactions identified and the statistical evaluation, by a time series approach (ARIMA), of the evolution of cyberhate. The results related to the nature of the social response to Berlin’s attack reveal that diversified and sometimes opposite reactions coexist, however in different proportions. Apart from the preponderance of information dissemination, the subjective discussion is essentially prosocial, while state criticism and cyberhate are less common. As for the evolution of cyberhate, it gradually decreases after a summit in the hours following the attack.

Keyphrases: Social response, Social media, Cyberhate, Intergroup relations, Time series analysis
Le capital conventionnel, le capital criminel et la performance criminelle chez les trafiquants de drogue

Criminal performance can take many forms, but criminal revenues seem to be the measure that is the most studied in literature. Few researchers have attempted to analyze it in different dimensions in the same study in order to identify potential relations between different predictors. Rare in the paradigm of criminal career literature, patterns of criminal performance are hence necessary. Capitals are also factors that have sometimes been analyzed against criminal performance. However, gaps in the literature persist on that subject since a need to study them in all their forms persists and would offer better understanding of patterns of criminal performance. Rooted in the theory of informal social control and differential association, this memoir proposes to identify predictors of criminal performance based on criminal revenues, impunity and perception of criminal performance. By taking advantage of drug traffickers’ criminal trajectories (N = 86) thanks to a questionnaire complemented by the life history calendar method, an analysis strategy focusing on multiple linear and logistic regressions is put forward. The results of the analyses highlight that certain dimensions of criminal performance seem to be more or less associated between each other but possess their own distinct predictors. Furthermore, contrary to Sampson and Laub’s theory of informal social control, some forms of conventional capital coming from social institutions (education) could be assets to criminal performance. Finally, criminal capital seems to be the less important factor in predicting patterns of criminal performance, but results give way to speculation on the potential role of criminal competences on criminal performance. This study hence contributes to the literature on criminal performance by emphasizing the importance of studying the different dimensions of criminal performance and capital in a simultaneous famous in order to identify the resources that promote criminality and the avenues to explore to promote desistance among drug traffickers.

Keyphrases: Capital social, Capital personnel, Conventional capital, Criminal capital, Social capital, Human capital, Personal capital, Criminal performance, Criminal achievement, Criminal success, Criminal career, Drug trafficker
« Gagne-t-on vraiment à mieux connaître? » : autoethnographie queer de mon expérience d'intervention antihomophobie avec le GRIS-Montréal

This autoethnographic master’s thesis presents my personal experience as a community worker for GRIS-Montréal, an anti-homophobia education organization working mainly in Montreal’s high schools. The educational strategy privileged by GRIS is symptomatic of what could be called dominant anti-homophobia discourse, which aims to stop homophobia in schools by creating personal encounters with people who identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB). These encounters are supposed to highlight shared qualities of humanity and rationality between community workers and students, allowing homophobic attitudes to disappear through the realization of a global human sameness. That often happens through the repetition of heteronormative modalities, such as monogamy, marriage, parenting or domesticity. In order to accomplish that, GRIS sends community workers in class with a clear objective: to answer the students’ questions about LGB sexualities and identities using our life experiences, that is, a practice of intimate and sexual testimony. I problematize this educational method by contrasting it with queer and anti-oppressive pedagogical approaches, which posit that the fight against phobic and oppressive attitudes is best led by critical reflexive work allowing to unveil structures of oppression and marginalization, and confront our own complicity with them. Informed by theoretical and epistemological perspectives coming from queer studies in communication, sociology and pedagogy, and applying an autoethnographic methodology that demands constant critical reflexivity concerning my dual standpoint as queer academic and community worker, I set out, in the fall of 2017, to complete a series of ten interventions with GRIS in order to observe, interrogate and analyze my capacity, or incapacity, to articulate a queer pedagogical approach within an anti-homophobia community practice premised on self-narration.

Keyphrases: GRIS-Montréal, Homophobia, Education, Queer Pedagogy, Autoethnography, Critical reflexivity
S’organiser autrement : la prise de parole et de décision dans les organisations féministes

This thesis explores the interactional and decision-making processes within feminist organizations and how participants make sense of them. A literature review showed that feminist organizations pay attention to the inclusion of participants in the group and often try to establish egalitarian relationships between members. The meetings of a selected organization were observed to describe the practices and strategies used by its members. It has been noted that several mechanisms contribute to the creation of a participatory culture and discussion within the group. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from the organization to understand how they make sense of their own experiences within the group. From the observations emerged participants concerns for inclusion which manifests itself in decision-making processes, particulary in the search for consensus. The findings also suggest that participants are sometimes confronted with contradictions between feminist ideals and practice.

Keyphrases: Approche qualitative, Feminist organizations, Decision-making, Public speaking, Qualitative approach
L’écart socioprofessionnel et linguistique, un facteur de tension entre immigrantes et locaux ?
Une analyse dialectique relationnelle des expériences des immigrantes qualifiées hispanophones bénévoles dans leur intégration au Québec

The socio-cultural and professional integration of immigrants in a new host country inevitably depends on their ability to communicate effectively. In Quebec, a good command of French is a prerequisite for integration. Thus the provincial government recommends that new immigrants engage in volunteering as an integration strategy that will help them develop their socio-cultural and language skills and also expand job opportunities. This research describes the interactions between Spanish-speaking immigrant women with the status of skilled workers who volunteer and "Francophone locals" during their integration process in Quebec. More specifically, this study seeks to find out how immigrant women with skilled worker status manage the discrepancy between their professional skills and status and their lack of French language ability. To do this, the study uses Baxter and Montgomery's (1996) relational dialectic theory to explore the seemingly contradictory "pull and push" forces that arise in any interpersonal relationship: the simultaneous desire for integration and separation; stability and change; and expression and non-expression. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and life stories that addressed their migration process, their experiences in Quebec, and the nature of interactions that touched on issues of cultural identity.

Keyphrases: immigrant(e)s, tensions, integration, immigrants, volunteering, languages skills
Entre deux mondes : perspectives émergentes dans la conception d’expériences vidéoludiques en réalité virtuelle

With the help of recent innovations such as virtual and augmented reality, or artificial intelligence, today’s artists, engineers (and magicians) are building the future of  entertainments. In the past few years, virtual reality technologies have become more and more present in our mediasphere. marketed as a new way to be immersed in digital worlds. I followed and met some of the professionals that are currently working in video game studios to create theses new embodied gaming experiences. My aim here is to describe and analyze some of the major challenges that virtual reality technologies pose in the design of digital environments.

Keyphrases: Corps, Incorporation, virtual reality, video game, space, body, interactivity, embodiement, video game design, experience
Sherlock Holmes, la patrimonialisation d'un héros populaire

This master's thesis explores the evolution of Sherlock Holmes as a popular hero of the 21st century. It will try to understand the phenomenon of Holmes created by the multiple texts in which the detective appears. I hope to prove that understanding Sherlock Holmes as a popular hero of the 21st century requires questioning his many representations as well as his heritage. Heritage is a mode of cultural production in the present with reference to the past (Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, 1998, p. 7). It conveys not only the fear of loss that will trigger the necessity to preserve, but also highlights key past events. In both local and national contexts, there has been a legislative and legal development concerning heritage and thus the process of making heritage. Rooney Harrison (2013) distinguishes official from unofficial heritage. My research on Sherlock Holmes examines the making of authorised and unauthorised heritage (Roberts et Cohen, 2013).   This master's thesis focuses on three places in London: the Sherlock Holmes statue near the Baker Street Underground Station, the Sherlock Holmes Museum and the Sherlock Holmes pub. In addition to observing these places and taking photos as a reminder for my analysis, l have used three institutional archives: the National Archives, the British Library and the BBC Archives website. These archives showed me how these places have been described and discussed in the press and specialised books. These documents constitute a corpus that provides a general portrait of Sherlock Holmes in the process of becoming heritage. This diverse corpus (written texts, images, and plans) contains different representations of Sherlock Holmes, which can be seen as a form of heritage, while also focusing on the relationship between the past and present, a key to Sherlock Holmes's relevance. Sarah Sharma (2012, 2013, 2014) raises the idea that a multitude of temporalities that link back to the original object and intersect with one another exists. The three places show Sherlock Holmes as an interpretation across many texts using the past, present and future. Two techniques are used in this interpretation: commentary (reintegration of the past) and return (anticipation of a new version of an already existing object.) In the present they promote the past of Sherlock Holmes and become responsible for a future that we want to ensure, a future in which this hero does not fade from our memory. These techniques appear in different places of Sherlock Holmes's heritage and tend to make his role as a detective the key to his story. We notice confusion between the fictional character, in both books and audio-visual productions, and the historical character. The analysis of these three places suggests that Sherlock Holmes remains and endures (Allen et Brown, 2016) at the same time. The detective is firmly anchored in the collective imagination but is still open to further transformations from new readers.

Keyphrases: popular hero, intertextuality, heritage, return, commentary, temporality
La communication organisationnelle et le rapport aux textes : comparaison des discours de deux Bureaux de l’intégration des immigrants à Genève et à Montréal

This thesis aims to study the role texts play in the way organizational actors communicate. For this purpose, two governmental organizations were selected. Even though one organization is based in Montreal and the other in Geneva, both have a similar goal: facilitate the integration of immigrants. The object of this research is to observe and analyze how representatives of these two organizations relate to the texts that are supposed to offer a legal and political basis to their action. More particularly, this study mobilizes the concept of ventriloquism developed by François Cooren for the past ten years (2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015), in order to reveal the moments when these members make these texts speak to legitimize their action, in a more or less deliberate way. What kind of texts do this phenomena of ventriloquism refer to? In what ways? And finally, for what purposes? It is these questions that this thesis proposes to address.

Keyphrases: immigration, organizational communication, texts, public administration, ventriloquism, analysis of speech, legitimization