NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Les pratiques rhétoriques associées à une stratégie de wedge politics : une analyse du débat public portant sur le projet de loi C-391

This thesis examines the wedge politics phenomenon from a communicational standpoint by identifying and describing the main rhetorical practices associated with the deployment of a wedge politics strategy during the public debate surrounding Bill C-391, entitled An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act (repeal of long-gun registry). Our rhetorical approach entails a methodological framework and analyses deployed in four stages: 1) the establishment of a relatively wide ranging historical perspective on the public debate surrounding Bill C-391, 2) a survey of the main actors and the speeches they exchanged at a key moment of the debate, between May 2009 and May 2011, 3) a preliminary analysis and general description of the rhetorical dynamics among the actors during that time, and finally, 4) a systematic analysis of the exchanges that took place between August 1st 2010 and September 22nd 2010 in order to identify and describe the key rhetorical practices employed by the actors. The ten practices we have identified are: call to action, scapegoating, targeting, personalisation of the debate, blame, mockery, attribution of malicious intent, evoking the threat of retribution on the part of the electorate, exploiting cleavages and contrast. We conclude by discussing how these rhetorical practices contribute to the general objectives of a wedge politics strategy.

Keyphrases: Wedge politics, Wedge issue, Wedge politics, Wedge issue, Gun registry, Rhetorical analysis, Rhetorical practice
Évaluation de suppléments alimentaires pour deux espèces d’acariens prédateurs, Amblyseius swirskii et Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) pour l’optimisation du contrôle biologique du thrips des petits fruits (Frankliniella occidentalis) en serriculture

This research investigated supplemental food source as a technique to increase the efficiency of two species of predatory mites, Neoseiulus cucumeris and Amblyseius swirskii against the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Laboratory assays aimed to assess the suitability of three pollen species – cattail, maize and apple – and eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth as supplemental food source for the predatory mites under study. In terms of rm value, flour moth eggs, cattail pollen and apple pollen were food sources of equal quality for A. swirskii, while apple pollen appeared to stand out for to N. cucumeris. Maize pollen was a less suitable food source for both species. When fed flour moth eggs, A. swirskii and N.cucumeris completed development and showed high rm values. Apple pollen appeared to be an accessible and suitable food source for both predators. Short term (24h period) influence of apple pollen availability on trophic (F. occidentalis larvae as prey) and intraguild (between the predator species) interactions on standardized chrysanthemum was examined. It significantly lowered predation on thrips by N. cucumeris and led to a decrease in intraguild predation for both predators. Following this, the impact of apple pollen on thrips populations and predator’s maintenance on chrysanthemum greenhouse crop was assessed over a 4 weeks period. The introduction of A. swirskii with pollen provided the best control on thrips while N. cucumeris did not remain on the crop when introduced alone. Apple pollen improved thrips control by A. swirskii in chrysanthemum crops through prey numerical response and retention of predators on plants. The lowest rate of heavy dammages were observed when both predators were used together.

Keyphrases: Pollen, Phytoseiidae, Life, Table, Parameters, Ornamentals, Pollen, Food, Supplement, Biocontrol
A computational fluid dynamic study on the filtering mechanics in suspension feeding marine invertebrates

Suspension feeders have the important task of separating particles from the liquid medium surrounding them. Although a wide range of morphologies exist for feeding structures, essentially all consist of arrays of cylinders interacting with their fluid environment. The particle capture mechanism employed depends on morphological constraints, energy requirements, and flow conditions, therefore our objectives were to understand these relationships through comparison studies to interpret trends in nature and to understand the conditions in which novel functioning arises. Our studies used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to create controlled experiments and to simplify analyses. The first study demonstrates the unfeasibly high energetic costs of pumping in small and medium pharynx sizes of hemichordates, implying the gill pores of pterobranchs are likely vestigial structures from a larger ancestor. This last point further supports the hypothesis of an acorn worm as the ancestor to all deuterostomes. Our second study determined the critical Reynolds number (Re) range where barnacle filters transition from a paddle to a sieve. At very low Re, morphological differences have no major effect on functioning and filters behave as paddles, however, at Re 1 - 3.5, these differences dictate when a paddle becomes a sieve. CFD proved to be a very useful tool for simplifying studies and providing detailed microfluidics. These studies demonstrate how morphology and fluid dynamics interact to dictate the capture mechanisms or appendages employed and how simple changes in size, shape, or flow speed can lead to novel functioning.

Keyphrases: Balanes, Suspension feeding, Energetics, Biomechanics, Computational fluid dynamics, Evolution, Hemichordates, Barnacles
Le conservatisme comme épistémologie : le cas de la tradition conservatrice canadienne

By way of an analysis of sections of its oral and written discourse, this thesis aims at investigating Canadian and Western conservatism in order to shed light on the definition, role and limits that conservatives attach to political knowledge, political reason and thus, to the faculty of judgment in politics. We shall first inquire into the conservative universe to underline the epistemological dispositions its adherents distinctively exhibit and which, more often than not, determine their non-rationalism and epistemological agnosticism. We shall consequently explore the political consequences of the conservative conception of political knowledge, which often command their political pessimism. After we briefly explore the conservative reading of Canadian political history, we proceed to the illustration of conservative epistemology and politics in showing how certain Canadian conservatives have exemplified some of the principles we highlighted in previous sections of the study. As we shall show, this particular scholarly exercise is a key to a better understanding and evaluation of Canadian conservatism, as well as its political and moral enterprises.

Keyphrases: Discours, Canada, Conservatism, Epistemology, Judgment, Discourse, Political philosophy, Ideology
The adoption of advanced feed-in tariffs in Ontario : a case of institutional layering

In May 2009, Ontario adopted the Green Energy and Green Economy Act and became the first jurisdiction in North America to promote renewable energy through advanced feed-in tariffs. In November 2010, in its Long-Term Energy Plan, the province pledged to deploy 10,700 MW of non-hydroelectric renewable energy capacity by 2018, the highest such target in Canada. Electricity production and distribution infrastructure is characterized by high setup costs, low capital stock turnover and long life spans, factors that traditionally entrench energy policy in path-dependent trajectories. Since the early 2000’s, however, Ontario has diverged from its historic reliance on large hydro, coal and nuclear through a series of gradual policy shifts set to expand renewable energy’s share in the overall supply mix to 15% by 2018. The purpose of this thesis is to uncover the causal mechanism behind Ontario`s gradual shift toward the promotion of renewable energy through advanced feed-in tariffs, accompanied by high deployment targets. The thesis applies Mahoney & Thelen’s theory of gradual institutional change to the case of renewable energy policy development in Ontario, providing new insight into the causes, modes and effects of institutional change. The thesis finds that the Canadian energy policy context favors a layering pattern of change, characterized by small, yet cumulative, renewable energy policy gains. The driving force of this process involves coalition building. To achieve renewable energy policy gains, Ontario`s first renewable energy proponents, mostly environmental groups and early renewable energy supply and service firms, had to build a wide-ranging, multi-stakeholder network of allies and lobby government from a unified front, presenting renewable energy as a solution not only to climate change but a combination of other immediately pressing public health and economic challenges. Elements of timing greatly aided the renewable energy network’s campaign. Ultimately, however, the thesis finds that, given provincial governments` ultimate veto power over energy policy, finding allies in the top echelons of government was most crucial to the renewable energy network`s success.

Keyphrases: Ontario, Sédimentation institutionelle, Renewable energy, Feed-in tariffs, Ontario, Institutional layering
La couverture médiatique de Pauline Marois dans Le Devoir et La Presse durant les élections provinciales de 2008

Over the last few years, women all over the world got involved increasingly in politics. In a lot of countries, female politicians became head of the state. Women as political leaders is now a popular research subject for political science experts, particularly on their media coverage. We were interested by Pauline Marois’ case, who was the first women, in 2008, to run for a major political party to be premier of the province of Quebec. We studied  columns and editorials from La Presse and Le Devoir to observe if the Parti québécois leader had a different media coverage compared to her opponents, Jean Charest, incombent premier and Parti libéral du Québec’s leader and Mario Dumont, the Action démocratique du Québec’s leader. We found that Pauline Marois was associated most of the time with social issues, while Jean Charest and Mario Dumont were matched with economic issues. Moreover, we discovered that observers from the medias talked a lot about Pauline  Marois’ looks compared to the other masculine leaders. Even if we have to take into consideration of the context of the election campaign, we concluded that the Parti québécois’ leader had a different media coverage, especially on the appearance variable.

Keyphrases: Québec, media, coverage, election, women, leader, politics, Quebec, Pauline Marois
Culture organisationnelle et supervision abusive

The main objective of this thesis is to identify the organizational antecedents of abusive supervision. A model incorporating organizational culture was thus developed. The data collected by l’Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale (l’ERTSM) with 2162 employees from 63 organizations located in Quebec from September 2009 to May 2012 was used to test our hypotheses.  The linear multilevel models supported a significant relationship between organizational culture and abusive supervision. The results suggest that the performance culture positively affects abusive supervision. In contrast, the social relations culture is negatively related to abusive supervision. Also, these analyzes revealed that some employees are more likely to report abusive supervision. Finally, other organizational characteristics such as the organization's size are associated with abusive supervision.

Keyphrases: Abusive supervision, Organizational culture, Performance culture, Social relations culture, Organizational norms
L'étude de la relation entre la culture organisationnelle et la violence au travail

This master’s thesis aims to study the relation between the organizational culture and workplace violence. More specifically, the results allow us to determine how the organizational culture of groupal, developmental, hierarchical and rational type of the competing values framework of Cameron and Quinn (1999) joins the interpersonal conflicts and physical or sexual harassment in organizations. The data results come from the SALVEO surveys led by the research team on work and mental health of University of Montreal (ERTSM).  Most studies were interested in some specific features of culture, such as the acceptance and tolerance of violence without considering the organizational culture.  It is possible to use the model of Cameron and Quinn (1999) with the Marchand, Haines and Dextras-Gauthier scale (2013) to calculate the perception that the workers have of their organizational culture to be able to measure them with the levels of interpersonal conflicts and physical or sexual harassment afterward.  Multilevel analyses revealed that the perception of the groupal culture shows lower levels of interpersonal conflicts and the developmental culture, higher levels. Although the results are not significant for all types of organizational culture, companies which adopt the characteristics of the groupal culture, such as social support, workers participation and organizational justice, seem to better prevent the phenomenon of workplace violence.   Moreover, the integration of a large number of control variables allows us to determine that the individual and organizational factors that are most associated with violence are : being a woman, being young, being a member of a union, having a work overload and the presence of organizational injustice.

Keyphrases: agressions, Workplace violence, organizational culture, interpersonal conflict, psychological harassment, sexual harassment, aggressions, organizational values, multilevel models
Le chant des amusiques : prédictions d'une dissociation entre les habiletés perceptives et vocales

Our goal was to examine to what extent vocal and perceptual pitch-matching abilities were related in congenital amusia. To do this, we asked 13 amusics and 12 matched controls to perform four tasks, including two pitch perception tasks and two vocal imitation tasks. We controlled for any timbral translation by recording the participants singing and using it as stimuli across most tasks. Results showed great variability in both perceptual and vocal imitation tasks in amusics, while controls had good performances on all tasks. We illustrated how some amusics could retain good perceptual pitch-matching abilities while being unable to perform well in the vocal tasks, and how some amusics could perform well in the vocal imitation tasks. These results help illustrate the potential for these abilities to be independent. However, further studies are required to fully understand their relation.

Keyphrases: perception, congenital amusia, pitch perception, singing, perception
Perceptions et réactions des soignants et membres de famille à l’égard d’une intervention de réminiscence auprès de personnes atteintes de démence légère à modérée en soins de longue durée

The majority of older adults with dementia living in long-term care (LTC) suffer from a decline in cognition, social interactions, mental health, and quality of life (QoL). As a result, family members and caregivers of this population tend to undergo difficulties, such as stress, due to the complexity of the syndrome. It is therefore essential to validate psychosocial interventions that are suitable for both individuals with dementia and their caregivers. Reminiscence, which involves retrieval of past and pleasurable memories, is a psychosocial intervention that focuses on the residual faculties of individuals with dementia. The overall objective of the thesis was to validate the implementation of a reminiscence intervention led by caregivers for individuals with dementia and their family members in an LTC setting, by collecting the expert opinions of professional caregivers and family members through interviews. Treatment effectiveness was also examined using a pre-post intervention design to measure mental health and QOL of individuals with dementia at baseline, one week after, and three months after intervention. Results indicate that reminiscence was well appreciated by individuals with dementia, caregivers, and family members and validate its implementation in LTC. Findings also show significant short- and long-term improvements (Wilcoxon p < .025) in residents’ mental health and QoL.

Keyphrases: dementia care, reminiscence, caregivers, mental health, quality of life
Étude électrophysiologique de l’impact de la couleur dans le déploiement attentionnel

We investigated how target color affected behavioral and electrophysiological results in a visual search task. Perceptual and attentional mechanisms were tracked using the N2pc component of the event-related potential and other lateralized components. Four colors (red, green, blue, or yellow) were calibrated for each participant for luminance through heterochromatic flicker photometry and equated to the luminance of grey distractors. Each visual display contained 10 circles, 1 colored and 9 grey, each of which contained an oriented line segment. The task required deploying attention to the colored circle, which was either in the left or right visual hemifield. Three lateralized ERP components relative to the side of the lateral colored circle were examined:  a posterior contralateral positivity (Ppc) prior to N2pc, the N2pc, reflecting the deployment of visual spatial attention, and a temporal and contralateral positivity (Ptc) following N2pc.  Red or blue stimuli, as compared to green or yellow, had an earlier N2pc. Both the Ppc and Ptc had higher amplitudes to red stimuli, suggesting particular selectivity for red. The results suggest that attention may be deployed to red and blue more quickly than to other colors and suggests special caution when designing ERP experiments involving stimuli in different colors, even when all colors are equiluminant.

Keyphrases: N2pc, Ppc, Ptc, Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry, Event-Related Potentials, Attentional Blink
Auditory and visual event-related potential alterations in fragile X syndrome

We investigated early auditory and visual information processing in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most common form of X-linked Intellectual Disability (ID) and the only known monogenetic cause of autism. FXS is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 (‘Fragile X mental retardation 1’) gene, which prevents expression of the ‘fragile X mental retardation protein’ (FMRP). FMRP absence leads to altered structural and functional development of the synapse, while also preventing activity-based synapse maturation and synaptic pruning, which are essential for cerebral and cognitive development. We review the contribution of electrophysiological signal studies for the understanding of information processing in FXS and compare event-related potential (ERP) findings to those concerning other clinical populations that share symptoms with FXS. In our research project, we investigated ERPs evoked by basic auditory and visual stimulation in twelve adolescents and young adults (10-22) with FXS, as well as healthy chronological- and developmental- age matched controls. We found an altered ERP profile in FXS, including increased auditory N1 amplitude, relative to both control groups, as well as increased auditory P2 and N2 amplitudes and increased auditory N2 latencies. Rather than being immature, sensory processing appears to be specifically disrupted in FXS. Furthermore, the auditory modality seems to be more affected than the visual modality. In combination with brain anatomical, biochemical and behavioural findings, our results suggest a hyperexcitable nervous system in FXS.

Keyphrases: N1, Fragile X syndrome, Intellectual disability, Sensory information processing, Event-related potentials
Analyse qualitative du contenu des signalements retenus à la protection de la jeunesse et leur évaluation pour les enfants de minorités visibles

The first objects of this research are to describe the first two youth protection intervention stages, namely report notification and assessment of the need for protection. Afterwards, the research deals with the development of a typology of visible minority families reported to youth protection services. A qualitative content analysis is conducted using an analysis grid of records dealing with 48 situations of children reported to youth protection services. It is a secondary analysis of data from a broader study dealing with child protection intervention with visible minority families. The results of the present study show that the information recorded by child-care workers complies with the legal aspects of the judgment on the potential harm to a child’s development or safety. However, the absence of ethnocultural elements in most records or a superficial treatment thereof, are surprising. The typology flowing from this analysis describes four profiles presenting distinct family dynamics: families going through a crisis, families abdicating their parenting responsibilities, isolated families and broken families. These findings account for the diversity of family dynamics and consequently, those families’ needs in terms of child protection intervention services. Finally, given the importance of the assessment and of these conclusions in the path of those families towards child protection intervention services, the integration of ethnocultural elements should be systematic in order to provide them with an adapted, culturally sensitive response.

Keyphrases: youth protection intervention, report notification, assessment, visible minority, qualitative research
Effets principaux et modérateurs de l'écart de perception de la prévalence de la consommation de cannabis à l'école sur la consommation et les méfaits attribués à l'adolescence

Substance use in adolescence is a relatively common behavior. By the end of high school, a majority of Quebec teenagers will have experimented with psychoactive drugs or alcohol. Among the multiple factors influencing substance use are the social norms, namely the descriptive norms. This study evaluates the impact of the misperception of descriptive norms within the school context on marijuana use and its related consequences. Specifically, this study examines the relationship between the misperception of prevalence of cannabis use within a high school and the actual use of marijuana and its attributed related consequences. It also examines the moderating role of misperception of cannabis use prevalence on the progression of marijuana usage, and on the relationship between cannabis use in 10th grade and its attributed consequences a year later. Using data from the New Approaches, New Solutions intervention strategy, 1601 high school students were followed from grade 8 through grade 11. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted and have indicated that the more the students overestimate the prevalence of cannabis use, the more chances they have to use marijuana themselves and attribute negative consequences to their cannabis use a year later. Results have also shown a moderating effect of the misperception of prevalence of cannabis use on the progression of marijuana use from grade 10 to 11, particularly with the students using marijuana occasionally in grade 10. Results also indicate a moderating effect of the misperception of prevalence of school wide cannabis use on the relationship between marijuana use in grade 10 and attributed consequences a year later. Specifically, students using marijuana occasionally and who overestimate the prevalence of cannabis use by their school peers will have more chances of attributing more than three consequences to their drug use in grade 11 than to attribute no harm to it whereas students who use marijuana frequently in grade 10 do not attribute consequences in accordance with their estimation of the prevalence of cannabis use by their school peers. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Keyphrases: Adolescence, Marijuana use, Descriptive norms, Prevalence, Consequence, Moderating effect, School context