NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Modulation des propriétés de surfaces par des liaisons réversibles

Azomethines incorporate covalent bonds that can be reversibly formed between an amine and aldehyde. This reversibility can be exploited to exchange their constitutional components. The intrinsic properties of the azomethines can be modulated by exchanging either the amine or the aldehyde components. Exchanging the constitutional components is possible in solution. However, the exchanged products must be purified to remove the various reagents and undesired exchanged products. It is therefore advantageous to simplify the purification step for isolating the desired exchanged product. A possible means towards this goal is by immobilizing either the amine or the aldehyde on a surface. In such a case, the desired exchanged products can be readily isolated by rinsing the surface following the dynamic component exchange. Towards this end, an electroactive aldehyde monomer derived from triphenylamine was prepared. It was thermally polymerized on a transparent electrode. Polymerization was confirmed by FT-IR ATR and Raman spectroscopies. A series of amines (aminocoumarin and diaminobenzothiadiazole) each with a unique color, emission wavelength and electrochemical oxidation potential were chosen. Their azomethine formation and dynamic exchange with the electroactive aldehyde thin film could therefore be tracked electrochemically, by UV-visible and Raman spectroscopies, and by fluorescence. Model compounds of these azomethine fluorophores were also prepared for benchmarking their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties along with confirming component exchange. It was shown that multiple properties (redox potentials, color, emission wavelength, and emission yield) of the electroactive film could be simultaneously modulated by reversible azomethine formation. By immobilizing the azomethines on a surface, their properties could be reversibly modified by component exchange by either dipping the substrate in an amine solution or coating the surface with a spray of amine followed by rinsing. This straight-forward process provides the means for developing surfaces whose properties can be perpetually modified, while opening the possibility of repairing the surface and restoring desired properties by dynamic component exchange.

Keyphrases: Immobilization, Triphenylamine, Reversibility, Azomethine, Dynamic exchange
« Il faut être vulnérable pour pouvoir suivre » : pratiques et stratégies des demandeurs d'asile au sein des structures humanitaires médicales de l'île de Lesvos, en Grèce

This study examines asylum seekers’ practices within medical humanitarian structures on Lesvos island, Greece. Maintained inside the border-zone constituted by the island, asylum seekers live in Moria camp, which is known for its extremely bad living conditions. In the context of their asylum process, they undergo a medical procedure, the vulnerability assessment, the result of which influences their trajectories. As part of an ethnographic fieldwork conducted on the island in the summer of 2018, I carried out observing participation as an interpreter in a humanitarian clinic, a space where volunteer doctors and asylum seekers negotiate the power attributed to the vulnerability assessment. This study analyses the practices of asylum seekers through the concept of circumscribed agency, which effects are unpredictable. I first show that asylum seekers set up strategies to negotiate the inhuman situation in which they find themselves, as well as to obtain recognition. Their strategies are structured around a reappropriation of the logics of the humanitarian device, notably the stereotypes assigned to refugees. The second part extensively examines an element of these strategies central to the care interactions taking place in the humanitarian clinic: the medical documents. I show that these documents act as a flexible technology and that their function is reconfigured by asylum seekers’ practices, who use them as resources and proofs. Finally, I highlight the different ways in which volunteer doctors react to these practices, along with their consequences on access to medical care. These elements provide a nuanced description of the effects of the humanitarian device established at Europe’s borders following the 2015 refugee crisis.

Keyphrases: camp, migrants, Europe, Refugee, Asylum seeker, Agency, Strategy, Humanitarianism, Vulnerability, Medical clinic, Medical documents, Volunteers, Doctors, Observing participation, Border, Greece
La pluridisciplinarité de la relativité linguistique

The linguistic relativity theory proposes that obligatory lexico-grammatical categories of languages have an effect on the cognition and habitual thinking of speakers. By observing the history of this principle, we can retrace the orientations of researchers and thus make a global portrait of the origins of the idea and what it now constitutes. The principle of linguistic relativity first appears in the work of 18th century German philosophers, then is passed on by various researchers and their perspectives to the present day. On this journey, it took shape among anthropologists through Boas, Sapir and Whorf. More recently, although from a disputed point of view of linguistic determinism, it is widely studied in the cognitive sciences. In addition, through its various manipulations by various scientific actors, its definition and principles have been modified. Ethnolinguists understand it differently from cognitive scientists, even though these two fields deal with the same original principles. Thus, in this thesis, these multidisciplinary developments of the principle of linguistic relativity will be discussed. Then, a multidisciplinary conception will be proposed : a level of study previously ignored will be advanced and supported by the analysis of grammatical inferences between the category of evidentiality and that of temporality ; showing the relative metalinguistic skills of the speakers.

Keyphrases: Linguistic relativity, Grammatical inferences, Multidisciplinarity, Metalinguistics
Le complexe tabagique dans l’archipel montréalais : ce que les pipes à fumer de la période historique nous dévoilent

We defined the smoking complex according to four applicable fields: smoking pipes, tobacco, Indigenous -European relations and the role of tobacco in trade. The purpose of this research is to better understand what smoking pipes reveal to us in the context of the Montreal archipelago. The review of the excavation reports allowed us to retrieve information regarding the innumerable fragments of smoking pipes that we find in the archaeological contexts of the Montreal archipelago for the period 1642−1760. The ethnohistorical publications inform us about the habits and customs related to the use of tobacco as well as the roles that tobacco and smoking pipes played in Indigenous-European relations and exchanges. Tobacco studies have also added crucial elements to these two sources of information. This study was limited to the Montreal archipelago, plus an area of 10 km around it. The study period is from 1642 to 1760. We found that the fragments of smoking pipes are mostly found in contact zones demonstrating the cultural importance of these objects. Nicotiana tabacum strengthened bonds of trust between the two groups. These contact zones are the places where métissage takes place. Inseparable from smoking pipes, tobacco also played a major role in Amerindian-European relations. Gifts of Nicotiana tabacum favoured consolidation between the two groups and built the primordial trust necessary in exchange processes. Tobacco and smoking pipes are also part of the process of cultural transfer, but to a variable degree according to the type of smoking pipes.

Keyphrases: tabac, pétun, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, tobacco, tobacco pipes, petun, stone pipes, trading post
Ontogénie du toilettage social chez les chimpanzés sauvages (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) à Ngogo en Ouganda : effets de l'âge et du sexe des petits et de la parité maternelle

This study examines the effect of age, sex of immatures, and maternal parity on social grooming in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii), a male philopatric society. From January to April 2018 I collected behavioral data of infants using one-hour focal animal sampling. I measured mean grooming rates (bouts/hour), probabilities (presence/absence), and durations (seconds per bout), and used Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) to determine the potential effects of infant age, sex and maternal parity on each of the grooming variables. I included between 17 and 23 offspring, who ranged in age from birth to 7 years old. In grooming sessions with their mothers and others, older offspring gave and received longer grooming bouts. These results emphasize that grooming for chimpanzees is a social behavior that begins early in life during interactions mostly with mothers, but also with others, and that it becomes more prominent in infants’ lives as they age. Whether the infant was male, or female had no impact on grooming dimensions. Grooming may be used by both males and females to respond to the different needs of their adaptive strategies; for females this includes integrating into a new social group during dispersal, which happens in adolescence, and for males it includes integrating into the male social hierarchy, which begins in early adulthood. Primiparous mothers were groomed by their offspring longer than multiparous mothers. Infants from multiparous mothers received more grooming (i.e., higher rates and greater likelihood of grooming presence) by other group members than did infants from primiparous mothers. In contrast to primiparous females, infants of multiparous females benefit from having more grooming experiences from a variety of conspecifics, as these infants have access to extended maternal siblings.

Keyphrases: Age, Primatology, Ontogeny, Grooming, Sex, Maternal parity, Social relation
"Es cultura de nuestras vidas" : conserver et transmettre les savoir-faire artisanaux dans la Quebrada de Humahuaca, nord-ouest argentin

In 2003, the Quebrada de Humahuaca, located in northwestern Argentina, was declared a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site. Since its nomination, development of tourism in the region has intensified and there are a growing number of offers for tourists. The handicrafts of the Quebrada de Humahuaca region have become an icon of local craftsmanship that represents the ancestral culture of northwestern Argentina. Thus, the towns in the region are home to important craft ‘ferias’ and numerous souvenir shops. Although handicrafts seem to be valued in the region, the ones found there are often industrial products imported from Bolivia, or semi-industrial products produced in large quantities. In this context, the artisan producer has become a vulnerable figure, due to his independence and lack of visibility in the public arena. In the Quebrada de Humahuaca, promoting and valuing local handicrafts do not always go hand in hand. In this thesis I seek to understand what are the strategies deployed by craftsmen to enhance the value of their production, and how the local crafts are defined especially in regard to the values shared by producers. By focusing this research on the stories of some artisan producers in Quebrada de Humahuaca and on my own experience there, as a tourist and as a student in two craft courses, I will discuss the future of local crafts and how artisans organize themselves so as to conserve and transmit their know-how.

Keyphrases: Quebrada de Humahuaca, Tourism, Handicraft
Les interventions psy dans les communautés autochtones du Nord du Québec : la transculturation d’une pratique nomade

This exploratory study focuses on the mental health care services provided within aboriginal communities in Northern Québec, through a systemic and ethnopsychiatric perspective. Based on an approach both inductive and qualitative, this analysis relies on data from some fifteen semi-structured interviews with informants from the psychological and psychiatric fields, combined with educational and prevention materials developed by those actors. This study first wishes to document and examine the peculiar dynamics of mental health care within northern communities and how the medical staff adapts its methods, yet it also wishes to question the very own nature of the provided mental health care system, focusing especially on the impact of the alternating care providing system (the "fly-in, fly-out") on the outcomes of clinical meetings.   While presenting some advantages, this structure of care still raises numerous issues, from the constraints emerging from cultural differences, to the geographical and demographical situations of those communities, even raising issues linked to the colonial history of Quebec. In this context, all the boundaries of medical intervention are increased, as well as risks associated with errors, re-traumatization, even neo-colonisation. Consequently, therapists seem to see their practice transcultured once immersed in a new environment. I therefore examine potential elements for a new model of transcultural and ethnopsychiatric intervention, that once developed, might help clinical works be more successful. Moreover, the idea is to think more generally about what should be the place given to the culture of the care providers, in order to start creating an environment more in line with the issues brought by the testimonies I collected.   Finally, this Master Thesis wishes to link theories of ethnopsychiatry and transcultural psychiatry to field work in the Northern territories, in order to offer a reflection on the decolonization of mental health care, through the use of a complementarist systemic perspective and a community-based, partnership-based approach.

Keyphrases: culture, Culture and mental health, Transcultural psychiatry, Ethnopsychiatry, Intercultural encounter, Aboriginal mental health
Les cultures Laurel et Blackduck en Abitibi-Témiscamingue : portrait d’une transition technologique vers la fin du Sylvicole moyen tardif

The transition between the Middle Woodland and Late Woodland periods, towards 1000 CE, corresponds to a moment of technological upheavals in the American Northeast. In Abitibi-Temiscamingue, it takes the form of a transition between the Eastern Laurel and Eastern Blackduck cultures. Blackduck pottery seems to have been quickly adopted by Laurel groups, with no apparent transitional phase. This masters’ thesis relates to the ceramic technologies employed by the populations of Laurel and Blackduck cultures in Abitibi-Temiscamingue and explors the continuity or lack of continuity between the two groups. More precisely, I ask how this transition between two cultures manifests itself and how ceramic technology allows us to characterize this transition. To that end, four sites have been selected on both sides of the watershed divide between: the Bérubé site, (DdGt-5), the lake Opasatica’s site (DaGt-4), the Nault site (ClGt-2) and the Léo-Guay site (ClGt-3). The Laurel and Blackduck vessels originating from these sites were subjected to a visual analysis using morphostylistic attributes and an analysis using technological attributes based on tomodensitometric data supplied by the Institut National de Recherche Scientifique - Eau Terre Environnement (INRS-ETE) research center located in Quebec City. Since the use of tomodensitometry in ceramic technological analysis is rather recent, this thesis seeks to be a modest but original contribution to the development of this approach. Based on our analyses, the technological transition happened more slowly than the morphostylistic transition. The potters would have gradually developed a new craftmanship, by contact and by experimentation, producing vessels better suited to cooking food.

Keyphrases: Laurel, Blackduck, Ceramic technology, CT-scan, Archaeology, Quebec Prehistory, Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Pottery, Middle Woodland, Late Woodland
Étude comparative des coupes transversales des fémurs, tibias et humérus de juvéniles humains, de grands singes africains et d'Au. afarensis : détermination des comportements locomoteurs chez Au. afarensis juvénile.

The morphology of long bones is affected by the mechanical loads they incur, such as those generated by locomotor behaviors. In this thesis, the images of cross sections of femora, tibiae and humeri obtained by CT-scan were analyzed to determine the locomotion of the Dikika child, a juvenile Au. afarensis, based on comparisons of humans and African apes. The results indicate that the Dikika child's femur shows signs of bipedalism, although the tibia does not. Despite the fact that the shape of the humerus is very similar to that of great African apes, its bending and torsional strength suggest that the Dikika's child did not practice locomotion typical of great apes such as arboricolism or terrestrial quadrupedism. Nevertheless, some results show that bone morphology also depends on the ontogenetic processes and the genetics of each taxon.

Keyphrases: mechanical loads, Ct-scan, locomotion, bone morphology, humeri, femurs
Le dynamisme de la personnalité des Yokai : et leur perception dans l’imaginaire japonais selon les époques

Yokais are mythical creatures found in Japanese folklore. This word is often translated with “monster”, however this does not mean that they are always evil. In fact, one same creature can be both good and bad – their personalities vary depending on the tale. I am thus wondering if historical context can explain these characteristic changes. Therefore, I will here study the behaviour of three different Yokais (Kappa, Tanuki and Tengu) in tales of three different Japanese eras to see if there is indeed a connection – and also the other way around, to see if it would be possible to date a tale based on its Yokais’ behaviour.

Keyphrases: Yokai, Tengu, Kappa, Tanuki, Fairy Tales, Folk tales, Folklore, Edo, Meiji, Mythical creatures, Taisho, Showa, Kaidan, Japan, Japanese Folklore, Japanese history, Japanese Studies, Japanese tales, Popular culture
La circulation des « faux orphelins » en Haïti : parcours non linéaire des jeunes en orphelinats

Based on the fact that 80% of institutionalized children are not orphans (Tolfree 1995, 4), this study focuses on the production and circulation of “fake orphans”. After 4-months of ethnographic fieldwork with institutionalized youths and orphanages directors in Cap-Haitien, Haiti, I argue that, through their actions, agency heads essentially serve as substitutes for conventional parental functions, despite their knowledge of the existence of the children’s biological families. When ascribing themselves an ascending power over biological families, agency heads are dismissing parents of their own responsibilities and therefore demoting them to a ghost-like status. Driven by a survival mode, institutionalized youths learn to accrue and perform different statuses, a transformative process produced by the negotiation of their agency and the exploration of the liminality of their multiple status. This strategy allows “fake orphans” to access services and resources, which transform them into commodities and allow them to fulfill an economic function for their biological family. Based on a systemic analysis focused on concepts intersubjectivity, commodification, performance, agency, and absent presence, I demonstrate that the production of “fake orphans” is a strategy in which multiple actors are taking part, among them agency heads, youths, and their family. The theoretical framework of circulation of children is productive for identifying both youth institutionalization and international adoption as mobility strategies which are not to be conceptualized as oriented toward a final destination, but rather as a journey in space and time.

Keyphrases: Enfance vulnérable, Haiti, Caribbean, Kinship, Orphanage, Orphans, Vulnerable children, Humanitarian, International adoption, Circulation of children
The Orphic Lyre : Music and Μουσική in the Rites of Orpheus

For the Greeks in Antiquity, religion was indiscernible from the rest of their daily lives – so much so that within the polis, the concept of a “separation between church and state”, in the way it is known today, did not exist. In this same realm of thought, music also functioned in a much similar way, an integral part of their religious ceremonies and, by extension, their way of life; through this, their music and religion became central to their idea of cultural identity. Many civic cults, such as the cult to Dionysus, utilized music to its fullest effect – many examples that detail the role that music played in their cult worship survive from antiquity, which vary from images found on vases and murals to hymns and other ritual texts. Orphism, or the cult which utilized writings said to have been passed down by the legendary musician Orpheus, differs from many other religious groups around Greece in that many aspects of it remain wrapped in an enigma. Not much is known about the specific cult practices outside of a few writings and inscriptions, including the Derveni papyrus, an analysis of an Orphic poem outlining a theogony similar to that of Hesiod, and the Orphic Hymns, both of which which are changing the way scholarship on these practices has been viewed through the years. This thesis will, therefore, use these sources in order to discover the role that music played in the cult rituals of Orphism during this period while also making comparisons between Orphism and the established traditions of other civic cults. Taking into account the utilization of instruments and other ritualistic conventions, this thesis hopes then to uncover Orphism’s overall role in the Greek polis.

Keyphrases: cult music, polis religion, Greek antiquity, Orphism, musicology
Étude de la maison du terrain Théologitis

Archaeological excavations carried out on the Theologitis field between 1986 and 1987, located in the centre of the modern village of Limenas and in the heart of the ancient city of Thasos, have brought to light the partial remains of a dwelling from the Roman period. From this house, three rooms were excavated, including a large rectangular room containing a floor mosaic preserved in exceptional condition. Our study is devoted to the analysis of these three rooms, in order to clarify their function and chronology, and to place this structure in the urban landscape of Thasos during the Roman period. The first part of this research is devoted to the history of Thasos and the place occupied by the city in the economic and political relations in northern Greece, but also elsewhere in the Mediterranean. The second part deals with the architectural development of Greek and Roman houses, in Greece, which were often influenced by foreign practices. Finally, the third part deals with the analysis of the house uncovered in the Theologitis plot and the function of the excavated rooms, by comparing the remains discovered with those of other Roman houses unearthed on the island.

Keyphrases: Thasos, vie quotidienne, domestic architecture, Greece, Hellenistic period, Roman period, everyday life