NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Mediators of the effects of past corporal punishment experiences on the intent to use corporal punishment

Considering the negative developmental findings associated with the use of parental corporal punishment, a considerable body of research has attempted to suggest an avenue for interrupting this vicious cycle of intergenerational violence. However, a major limitation in most of these studies has to do with the fact that very few of them has looked at the influence of a third variable such as the use of explanation, perceived fairness and deservedness of punishment, or the attitudes one has towards corporal punishment.    By employing structural equation modelling (SEM), the present study has demonstrated that the apparent relationship between subjective and socio-demographic variables related to corporal punishment and latter intention to use it as a parent is in fact explained by the mediating role of other variables such as attitudes towards corporal punishment, type of corporal punishment, perceived reasons for punishment and reasons given for punishment by the agent. Our main contention was that when a third variable (e.g., attitude towards corporal punishment) is included in the equation, the apparent relationship between punishment variables and outcome disappears. More specifically, as it has resulted from the SEM analysis, the mediating variables explain all of the association between the objective variables and intention to use corporal punishment. That is to say,  a model containing no direct paths from the independent  variables (i.e., number of ages punished, being an immigrant, frequency of punishment, means of administration of corporal punishment , number of punishing agents, sex) to Intention to Use Corporal Punishment fits the data.  Moreover, among the four mediators considered in our model only the attitudinal measures make a significant contribution to the prediction of intention to use corporal punishment.    In addition, in order to explore the profile of differences between subjects on their past experiences with corporal punishment, explanations for punishment, and present attitudes, cluster analysis was employed. Finally, a four cluster solution that made meaningful distinctions between groups was selected for consideration.

Keyphrases: corporal punishment (CP), attitudes, attitudes, intentions, intentions, reflexive variables, variables reflexives, frequency measures, objective variables, mediators, structural equation modelling, cluster analysis
Intégration de la visualisation à multiples vues pour le développement du logiciel

Nowadays, software development has to deal more and more with huge complex programs, constructed and maintained by large teams working in different locations. During their daily tasks, each developer may have to answer varied questions using information coming from different sources. In order to improve global performance during software development, we propose to integrate into a popular integrated development environment (Eclipse) our new visualization tool (VERSO), which computes, organizes, displays and allows navigation through information in a coherent, effective, and intuitive way in order to benefit from the human visual system when exploring complex data. We propose to structure information along three axes: (1) context (quality, version control, etc.) determines the type of information; (2) granularity level (code line, method, class, and package) determines the appropriate level of detail; and (3) evolution extracts information from the desired software version. Each software view corresponds to a discrete coordinate according to these three axes. Coherence is maintained by navigating only between adjacent views, which reduces cognitive effort as users search information to answer their questions. Two experiments involving representative tasks have validated the utility of our integrated approach. The results lead us to believe that an access to varied information represented graphically and coherently should be highly beneficial to the development of modern software.

Keyphrases: Visualization, software development, development environment, integration, software evolution, animation, animation
Universalité, variables complexes et réarrangement

This Master’s thesis mainly concerns universality in complex analysis. First, we shall summarize general results on universal series and on a new type of universality introduced by Fournier and Nestoridis. Then, we shall introduce a new kind of universal series which are obtained by rearranging terms of arbitrary series. We will prove the algebraic genericity of these series for any Banach space and the topological genericity for finite dimensional spaces. Also, we will demonstrate that for any universal series in this sense, there exists a rearrangement of its terms for which it becomes universal in the usual sense.

Keyphrases: Universality, Rearrangement, Universal Series, Zalcman’s Lemma
Le rôle de la Télémachie dans l’Odyssée d’Homère

One can understand the various functions of the Telemacheia within the Odyssey only by taking into consideration the identity theme.  The structure of the Telemacheia and the accessory functions it plays within the Odyssey contribute to defining Telemachus’ own identity as well as Odysseus’.  At the end of the poem, even though Telemachus has internalized and accepted his filial origin, his social role and identity are left undefined at the moment of his father’s return and as a consequence thereof.  This may explain the lack of consensus among scholars with regard to Telemachus’ development, or social and heroic status (i.e. epithet, maturity, etc.).  The Telemacheia triggers Telemachus’ initiation into heroic life but the process is left incomplete.  The final step, incorporation, during which everyone recognizes Telemachus’ new identity as a hero and adult, ready to assume higher responsibilities, is not enacted by the poem.

Keyphrases: Telemacheia, Odyssey, Homer, Identity, Initiation, Initiation, Hero, Adulthood
Access to care for the poor living with chronic disease in India : an analysis of selected national health policies

This research on the barriers to access chronic disease care for the poor in India has three objectives: 1) to assess whether the goals, objectives, instruments and targeted populations, as formulated in current national health policies in India, address the main barriers to access chronic disease care for the poor;  2) to assess the types of policy levers and instruments identified in current national health policies to address these barriers to access; 3) And to assess whether national health policies in India have improved over time with respect to ensuring chronic disease care to the population and more specifically to the poor.   Using Ritchie and Spencer’s framework approach (1993), a qualitative content analysis was completed on selected Indian national health policies.  To begin with, a conceptual framework on the barriers to access chronic disease care for the poor in India was generated from a review of the scientific literature.  Policy documents were then sampled in India in 2009.  A thematic framework and index scheme were generated to build the analysis tools and codify the content.  Finally, the analysis was conducted using indexing, charts, maps, questions grids and case studies.  It was achieved by comparing the barriers to access identified in the original conceptualization to those identified by the content analysis of each policy.   This research highlights that a number of barriers to access for the poor in India are addressed by national health policies as they relate to upgrading services in the public sector, improving the knowledge of the population and scaling up some interventions for chronic disease care.  On the other hand, barriers related to the costs of chronic disease care, the affordability of outpatient services and people’s ability to pay for them were the least addressed from the framework that was previously established.  Moreover, when looking at the timeline of our sample of policies, it appears that efforts to scale up interventions for physical chronic diseases are more recent.  In addition, the poor are not targeted specifically for actions related to chronic disease care.  The risk of marginalizing them further is important as economic, demographic and epidemiologic transitions are transforming the country and the demand for health services.

Keyphrases: Access, Chronic diseases, Inde, India, Health policies, Poverty
De la pertinence d'une approche sélectionniste en épistémologie : Hull contre Kitcher

David Hull and Philip Kitcher both present a description of science that acknowledges its social aspects as much as its logical aspects. Hull (1988a, 2001) suggests an account of scientific progress based on a selectionist analysis, presenting social contingencies and individual bias as selective pressures. According to him, a Darwinian selection process filters superior theories from those which are inadequate.  Kitcher (1993) rather suggests that scientific progress is a change in consensus practice resulting from social and psychological processes which lead reliably to the truth. Theories are thus filtered by a social dynamic which selects theories according to the quality of their logical formulation. Kitcher (1988), in fact, doubts that a Darwinian selection process of the type suggested by Hull can add anything to explanations of the process of advancement of science. This memoir will try to determine whether this objection from Kitcher is sound.  In this respect, a detailed analysis of Hull’s approach will be necessary to understand how he justifies the link between scientific practice and selection processes. A comparison will then be established with Kitcher’s approach to test the strength and the need for such a link and to explain Kitcher’s objections. This comparative analysis will then allow us to specify the advantages and disadvantages of each approach to determine if a selecionist analysis is more promising than a non-selectionist account to explain scientific progress.

Keyphrases: Science, Philosophy, Epistemology, Science, Selection
Entre les connaissances et la pratique de santé publique : un monde de collaborations

In recent decades, the gap between research and practice has been underscored in the public health literature. Although there has been increased emphasis on evidence-based interventions and decision-making, little is known about the successful translation of knowledge into action. Currently, health services and public policy researchers rely on strategies that involve two-way exchange between research users and knowledge producers, but their effectiveness is rarely measured. Accordingly, health organisations hold a variety of knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) activities to better bridge the gap between evidence and practice.   The primary aim of the present study was to describe the KTE processes used within public health practices on the Island of Montreal. Managers at the regional level were interviewed on their experience and perceptions of KTE activities. A grounded theory analysis was performed on the transcribed semi-structured interviews. The formulation of a substantive theory of KTE was produced through the integration of emerging concepts.   Results show that there can exist a synergy between “knowledge”, “knowing how to do” and “knowing how to be” which can be defined as a “complex knowing how to act” within the practice of public health. A prerequisite to linking these skills and initiating KTE activities is a collaborative climate involving a strong relational component. Within this framework, challenges must be conceptualised differently than they usually are in traditional conceptual models. Beyond the strategies chosen, a better understanding of human relations is definitely a key to making effective translation from research to practice.

Keyphrases: Knowledge transfer and exchange, Grounded theory, Public health, Competencies
Association de polymorphismes dans le gène
GPIHBP1 avec l’hypertriglycéridémie

Hypertriglyceridemia (hyperTG) is a frequent dyslipidemia referring to an increased fasting plasma triglyceride (TG) level ≥ 2 mmol/L. HyperTG is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, such as coronary artery diseases. Several environmental and genetic factors have been associated with hyperTG. Although several gene factors were associated with hyperTG, nearly 90% of cases of primary hyperTG are still incompletely characterized at the molecular level. Recently, few cases of rare and severe hyperTG have been associated with some rare polymorphisms in the gene coding for GPIHBP1 (glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1). This manuscript resumes our research regarding the identification of new molecular bases associated with the expression of frequent hyperTG subtypes in the gene locus GPIHBP1.  Our results show that the GPIHBP1 g.-469G>A polymorphism (rs72691625), whose the minor allele frequency was estimated to 19.6% in our sample, was associated with the expression of hyperTG (TG ≥ 2 mmol/L) in a French-Canadian population. Subjects heterozygous and homozygous for this polymorphism respectively had a 1.67-fold and 5.70-fold increased risk to exhibit plasma TG levels ≥ 2mmol/L as compared to non-carriers. This increased risk of hyperTG observed in g.-469A carriers seems to be exacerbated by the concomitant presence of a frequent loss-of-function lipoprotein lipase gene variant. This polymorphism seems also particularly associated with dysbetalipoproteinemia and familial hypertriglyceridemia.   The g.-469G>A polymorphism is the first common polymorphism in the GPIHBP1 gene promoter to be associated with the expression of hyperTG. GPIHBP1 emerges as a significant candidate for the molecular based of primary hyperTG.

Keyphrases: GPIHBP1, Polymorphism, Hypertriglyceridemia, Lipoprotein lipase, Lipid-lipoprotein metabolism
MiR-16, un nouveau régulateur du transporteur de glucose dépendant de l’insuline GLUT-4

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides that negatively regulate translation of the target messenger RNA (mRNA) and therefore have cellular functions. MicroRNA-16 (miR-16) is known to display anti-proliferative effects. We observed that miR-16 was down-regulated in non-proliferative human senescent endothelial cells. Computational analysis of the potential binding sites of miR-16 predicted that GLUT-4, an insulin-dependent glucose transporter, is a potential target of miR- 16. We therefore tested the hypothesis that miR-16 down-regulates cellular glucose metabolism. In HUVEC, inhibition of using anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMO) endogenous miR-16 up-regulated GLUT-4 protein levels 1,7 ± 0,39 folds (p=0,0037; n=9). In mice fed a regular or high fat diet, skeletal muscle expression of GLUT-4 tended to negatively correlate with miR- 16 levels (p=0,0998, r2=0,3866, n=4). These results suggest that miR-16 is a negative regulator of GLUT-4 and may be involved in the regulation of cellular glucose metabolism.

Keyphrases: MiR-16, Glut-4, MicroRNA
Essential role of GATA5 in the mammalian heart

Congenital heart defect (CHD) in humans occur in 3-4% of live birth and is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity in the world.  The majority of CHD involves the valves and septa, which originate from endocardial cells.  Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common CHD in humans with an estimated rate of 1-2% in the population.  However, very few genes have been linked to this defect and the mechanisms underlying BAV formation remain undefined.  GATA5, a member of the GATA family of transcription factors, is expressed in a spatial and temporal manner in the developing heart where it is predominantly found in endocardial cells and endocardial cushions (ECs) of the outflow tract (OFT) and atrioventricular canal between E9.5-E12.5 in the mouse.  Mutations in the Gata5 gene in zebrafish (faust mutants) cause cardia bifida and lead to endocardial cell depletion.  In vitro studies using antisense mRNA against Gata5 revealed a critical role for this gene in differentiation of endocardial cells.   In the context of the present doctoral research project, we investigated the role of GATA5 in mammalian heart development by generating a mouse line with a null Gata5 allele. Gata5 null mice are viable but over 26% of them developed BAVs. Endocardial specific deletion of Gata5 obtained by crossing mice with floxed (Flox) Gata5 alleles with Tie2-cre transgenic mice resulted in a similar incidence of BAVs.  RNA profiling revealed that Jag-1, a co-receptor for Notch1, is significantly downregulated in both Gata5 null and Tie2-cre+;Gata5Flox/Flox mice, suggesting that disruption of Notch signaling in endocardial cells may be the underlying mechanism of disease.  These findings reveal an important function for GATA5 in endocardial cell development and aortic valve formation and identify GATA5 as an important candidate CHD causing gene. Abnormal development of the OFT accounts for about 12-14% of all CHDs, leading to malformations such as persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Both GATA4 and GATA6 play important role in OFT development. We tested whether GATA5 might interact genetically with GATA4 and GATA6 for proper heart morphogenesis.  We found that, whereas mice lacking a single copy of Gata5, Gata4 or Gata6 have subtle cardiac defects, the Gata4+/-Gata5+/- and Gata5+/-Gata6+/- mutant embryos show embryonic and perinatal lethality due to severe heart defects, including double outlet right ventricle and ventricular septal defects.  These findings reveal the importance of genetic interactions between GATA5 and the other cardiac GATA factors in the normal rotation and patterning of the OFT during heart development in vivo. The results raise the possibility that subtle alterations in the level or activity of 2 cardiac GATA factors might  lead to congenital heart disease in human.

Keyphrases: GATA, Congenital heart disease, Bicuspid aortic valve, GATA, cardiac development, double outlet right ventricle, Endocardial cushion, transcription factor, outflow tract
Analyse de la corrélation conditionnelle dérivée de la coévolution d’un système de trois gènes par un modèle du maximum de vraisemblance

Protein coding gene may often be grouped and integrated in functional modules with respect to an organelle. These modules may have constituents that follow a conditional correlated evolution to a given phenotype. Genes linked to motility posses this characteristic as they follow a cascade in response to external stimuli. Similarly, hyperthermophily is related to reverse gyrase, however no other element that could be associated with certainty is known. This may be caused by an unresolved case of non-orthologous gene displacement. Using a bioinformatic approach, a mathematical model for conditional correlated evolution for three genes has been developed and applied to the phyletic profiles of archaea. This has helped to develop theories about the potential functions of the flagellar gene FlaD/E and the evolutionary history of the genes that are linked to it and that may have contributed to its formation. In addition, a theoretical evolutionary history has been established for a ligase associated with hyperthermophily.

Keyphrases: Archaea, Reverse gyrase, Coevolution, Motility, Non-orthologous gene displacement
Féministe musulmane engagée au Québec : stratégies identitaires et paradoxes politiques : le cas de Salwa, ni kamikaze, ni soumise

Through the case study of Salwa, active muslim feminist in Québec, this master’s thesis has for objective to identify diverse factors orienting the political commitment of a muslim feminist in western context. Our basic premise anticipated her exposition to political paradoxes due to the existing tensions between feminism and multiculturalism in western democracies and the intersection of her identities as “muslim” but also as “woman”; two hierarchical categories which, at first, appeared fundamental in our problematic. Only, our interdisciplinary and intersectional approach analysis of Salwa’s identity process of the aforementioned paradoxes revealed the existence of several non-hierarchical claimed identities which, in this context, were eclipsed by the political level. This revelation questions the centrality of the “muslim” and “woman” categories. So, if we believed that the western context could orient the political commitment of muslim feminists in a reducing direction by requiring from them that they prioritize, in spite of their “woman” and “muslim” identities, a political stake between sexism and racism, we see that a consideration, even intersectional, of axis of oppression alone in the construction of one’s political identity can also be reducing. If the intersectional approach wants to take into account the interaction of axis of oppression acting simultaneously for the same individual's, it also has to take into account the way the context hides the interplay between hierarchical and not hierarchical identities by reducing the individual to it(s) presumed axis of oppression.

Keyphrases: Muslim feminist, Western context, Identity, Intersectionality, Post-colonialism
Les Barbares dans le De gubernatione dei de Salvien de Marseille

Salvianus is an important author when studying fifth century history. He witnessed the barbarian invasion and destruction of his native Gaul, yet he expressed positive evaluations of the Barbarians in this treaty De gubernatione dei. A careful study of Salvianus’ analysis of these Barbarians reveals that he often used topoï when discussing them. However, contrary to Roman literary tradition, he also reversed these topoï and portrayed them in a positive light. This Master’s thesis examines and identifies these topoï, and assesses the extent to which Salvianus adhered to the Romans’ preconceived ideas on Barbarians in each case. This research will demonstrate that although he used traditional literary forms, Salvian was able to express original ideas through the manipulation of the Roman literary tradition.

Keyphrases: Barbarians, Gaul, Salvian of Marseilles, Topoï, Topos, Providence
La musique des Chiliens exilés à Montréal pendant la dictature (1973-1989) : la création de musiques  de la résistance politique et la réception des auditeurs dans l’exil

This musicological study examines the music created, performed and listened to by Chilean exiles in Montreal during the 1973-1989 dictatorship, focusing mainly on the history of music, as told from the perspective of the listeners. The main questions guiding the research process – which took on a varied methodological approach consisting primarily of interviews – were based on the types of music that participated in their experience of exile and the role it accomplished, as well as how this music contributed to the adaptation to their host country and helped to maintain a link with their country of origin. The first of the three historical dimensions that are examined in the study is the contribution of music in solidarity movements with the people of Chile, especially, via the formation of musical ensembles and the organizing of peñas and concerts. Secondly, the ways in which the role of music in the construction of a Chilean cultural community interacted with different discourses on politics and national identity, furthermore, with the individual experiences of exile, uprooting, and adaptation as the third dimension. The most present popular music genres, the Nueva Canción Chilena and Proyección Folclórica, as well as their significance in identity and politics, are integral parts of the text’s main issues. The cueca, considered the Chilean national dance, will also be given considerable attention throughout the discussion, due to its vast importance in the Chilean community of Montreal.

Keyphrases: exil, exile, Chile, Montreal, cueca, cueca, Nueva Cancion Chilena, Nueva Cancion Chilena, Proyeccion Folclorica, Proyeccion Folclorica