NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Impact économique d’un nouveau test diagnostique pour le cancer du poumon

In Canada, lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancer patients. Imaging technologies, such as computed tomography, allows the detection of potential lung cancers in the form of pulmonary nodules. The clinical pathway leading to the definitive diagnostic of a pulmonary nodule can be complex. Research in oncoproteomics has led to the development of novel noninvasive diagnostic tests in lung cancer. These tests aim to evaluate the risk of malignancy of a nodule in order to guide the clinical pathway leading to a diagnostic. However, the economic impact of such tests remains unknown.   The objective of this project was to measure, in a real-life setting, health care resource utilization for the investigation of pulmonary nodules and then, develop a generic model to assess the economic impact in the province of Quebec of new proteomic tests for the investigation of these nodules.  Firstly, a medical chart review was performed in three hospitals in Quebec to measure health care resource utilization for the investigation of pulmonary nodules of 0,8 to 3,0 cm. Then, a cost minimization analysis was performed by using a generic model developed for this project. This model compared the usual care to the approach integrating a fictive proteomic test in order to identify the less expensive approach.   As per the medical chart review, the average cost for the investigation of a pulmonary nodule was $7,354. According to the results of the analysis, if the cost of the test is below $3,228.70, the approach integrating a proteomic test would be less expensive then the current approach.  This study tends to demonstrate that the use of a noninvasive proteomic diagnostic test at the beginning of the investigation of a pulmonary nodule from 0,8 to 3,0 cm could generate savings for the health care system in Quebec.

Keyphrases: Lung cancer, pulmonary nodule, personalized medicine, proteomic, diagnostic test, real-world evidence, medical chart review, economic evaluation, cost minimization analysis
Le timbre comme élément signifiant dans la musique de jeu vidéo : le cas de World of Warcraft de Blizzard Entertainment

Music from Blizzard Entertainment’s infamous MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game) World of Warcraft is analyzed in order to illustrate how instrumental and orchestral timbre, along with image, can represent various elements of the virtual environment shown on screen.  For the first part of the analysis, a tripartite approach requiring the study of the neutral, poietic, and esthesic levels is used. The music of three zones of the game is analyzed, namely that of Dun Morogh (snowy mountains), Stranglethorn Vale (tropical jungle), and Uldum (arid desert). Instrumentation and orchestration are the main aspects studied to determine how timbre can metaphorically illustrate certain characteristics of a natural environment. Interviews with video game music composers, and a survey submitted to World of Warcraft players helped to verify the relevance of our results. The second part of this study takes a look at how the symbolism culturally attributed to timbre intervenes in the construction of the identity of imaginary peoples. In this regard, the musical themes of four different peoples taken from the World of Warcraft universe are analyzed, namely that of the Humans, the Orcs, the Tauren, and the Blood Elves.  In conclusion, timbre appears as an important source of meaning that, through a priming process, contributes to the anchoring of the image’s meaning. Moreover, it most likely facilitates the players’ immersion as well as their aesthetic appreciation of the game.

Keyphrases: Timbre, Psychoacoustics, Video games, Signification musicale, Musical meaning, Instrumentation, Orchestration, Immersion, Imagination
Les collaborations interarmées en contexte opérationnel : l’exemple de l’utilisation des véhicules aériens sans pilotes

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles in military operations is growing. The armed forces who are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization have perceived an absolute necessity of monitoring oversea insurgent groups. These modern technologies, exploited by the operational forces of many nations, require close collaboration between the military forces of a same coalition. Consequently, the literature maintains that international collaborations tend to be influenced by the use of drones, new technologies leading to either a better integration of military practices of allied countries or a clear separation of duties and responsibilities, which decreases collaboration between the troops of various nations. In addition to this lack of consensus in the literature, perceptions of Canadian military personnel on this issue are absent from academic writings. Thus, this case study examines the experience of eleven Canadian Forces members who have been deployed overseas and have worked with drones in cooperation with other nations. The results of this research show, among other things, the importance of feedback for better work integration when it comes to the use drones. Moreover, the military interviewed stated that segregation of duties exists on missions involving unmanned aerial vehicles, but this reality is perceived as essential to the success of an operation. Collaborative work is, however, complicated due to conflicting rules of engagement between countries as well as a geographical remoteness of military personnel analyzing data collected by drones.

Keyphrases: Drones, Collaboration internationale, Canadian Forces, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, International Collaboration
Les entreprises de services monétaires et la lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent et le financement du terrorisme au Canada

Remittances are frequently used by individuals due to globalization and economic migration. Money service businesses (MSBs) are in demand due to their ability to make local and international money transfers to remote areas quickly and affordably. Due to the volume of remittances, international organizations consider MSBs as a possible mean used by criminals to launder money and finance terrorist activities. The securitization of the financial sector in the context of a global fight against money laundering and finance of terrorism has lead to redefine the governance of the monitoring of financial flow. By monitoring financial transactions, financial actors became the guardians of financial flow. This study examines more precisely Canadian MSBs compliance officers’ perception regarding their roles in that governance and the impact of the fight against money laundering and financing of terrorist activities on their daily practice. Results show how participants of the study perceive requirements of compliance, the impacts on their business and sector as well as how they challenge their role as guardians of financial flow.

Keyphrases: Derisking, Remittances, Money service businesses (MSBs), Compliance, Financial monitoring
Intervention éducationnelle sur la stimulation orale du nouveau-né prématuré afin de soutenir le développement de la sensibilité parentale

The quality of the parent-child relationship is based, among other things, on parental sensitivity (Bell, 2008), which is defined as the parents’ recognition of newborn signals that results in an adequate response, and within a reasonable period of time (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters and Wall, 1978). Parents of preterm infants have shown to have greater difficulty in developing parental sensitivity due to factors related to the environment of the neonatal unit, parents and preterm infants (Amankwaa, Pickler and Boonmee, 2007). An interesting avenue to support the parental sensitivity in the neonatal unit is to involve parents in the oral development of preterm infants, more particularly in their oral stimulation, to promote the transition of feeding by gavage to oral feeding. The goal of this clinical project was to develop and implement an educational intervention to engage parents in interventions to support the oral development of their preterm infant in order to promote the development of their parental sensitivity. The intervention was based on the model of the parent-child relationship of Bell (2008), where parental sensitivity develops through five components: discovery, commitment, communication, physical proximity and emotional contact. The educational intervention took place with five families with preterm infants aged under 32 weeks of postmenstrual age. The intervention consisted of three individual meetings with parents at the bedside of their preterm infant through which seems to support the development of their parental sensitivity. This clinical project emphasizes the importance of focusing on nursing interventions aimed at developing parents' sensitivity to their preterm newborn.

Keyphrases: Preterm infant, Educational intervention, Neonatal unit, Parental sensitivity, Oral stimulation
Cohabitation des soins palliatifs et des soins curatifs : proposition d’un modèle d’organisation des soins infirmiers en milieux hospitaliers

Background. Palliative care could be provided on curative care units in hospitals. In this context of mixed care, Fillion and Saint-Laurent (2003) report that organizational stressors (difficult working conditions, lack of recognition and support) may affect the quality and safety of palliative care and the health and job satisfaction of nurses considerably more than professional stressors (difficult interprofessional communication, lack of time and lack of training) and emotional stressors (experience with grief, suffering, death). Few papers present nursing care organization models that suggest strategies to mitigate these stressors. Aim. To propose a nursing care organization model adapted to health care units in hospitals where both palliative care and curative care coexist and which can alleviate organizational stressors. Methodology. The search strategy is the scoping review and the writings recorded between 2007 and 2017 come from CINAHL, PsycInfo and Scopus databases, Google® search engine and the snowball method. Findings. The OASIS model from the nursing organization model of Dubois et al. (2012) shows that the division of labor, the professional framework and support of nurses contribute to the experience of caring for patients in a context of mixed care. Conclusion. The OASIS model proposes strategies to mitigate stressors in order to ensure the quality and safety of care and to promote the nurses health and job satisfaction.

Keyphrases: Organization, Palliative care, Curative care, Environment, Stressors
Une activité d’apprentissage favorisant le développement d’un sentiment d’efficacité personnelle en soutien à la compétence de rigueur scientifique

Despite its importance in providing quality care, evidence-based clinical decision-making remains sub-optimal in nursing practice (Forsman, Wallin, Gustavsson, & Rudman, 2012; Melnyk, Fineout Overholt, Gallagher-Ford & Kaplan, 2012; Pravikoff, Tanner, & Pierce, 2005), which would be linked to nurses individual factors such as skills in research (Jones, Crookes, & Johnson, 2011, Melnyk et al., 2012), attitudes (Squires, Estabrooks, Gustavsson et Wallin, 2011) and self-efficacy on evidence-based practice (EBP; Kajermo et al., 2010). To support EBP, nursing baccalaureate programs should promote the development of these factors (ACÉSI, 2010).  An innovative learning activity was developed and tested with 248 undergraduate nursing students. Using the flipped classroom method, the activity was aimed at fostering the development of scientific competence and a positive self-efficacy in EBP. This report presents, in the form of an article, the development and testing of this activity as well as the evaluation of its impact on self-efficacy, attitudes regarding EBP and research utilisation among nursing students.

Keyphrases: Evidence-based practice, Self-efficacy, Nursing student, Learning activity, Flipped classroom
Améliorer la performance des services infirmiers à travers l'engagement des infirmières

Background : Within the actual healthcare context, nursing care performance proves to be essential for the organisations seeking to improve their own efficiency. Nurses’ engagement could play a key role in the performance of hospitals. Even though nursing care performance and nurses’ engagement were closely scrutinized recently, little is actually known on the relationship between the two. Objectives : This study aims to analyse, by an integrative literature review, the links between nursing care performance and nurses’ engagement in order to propose strategies for their improvement. Methods: The integrative literature review was realized through CINAHL and Pubmed databases and pinpointed a selection of 20 articles among a total of 332 found. Using Whittemore et Knafl (2005) integrative literature review, the specific articles gathered were analysed through the nursing care performance framework of Dubois et al. (2013) and on the work engagement model from Laschinger et al. (2006), representing six aireas of work life; workload, control, reward, community, fairness and value. Results : The analysis highlights the relevance of engagement and more specifically each areas of work life inside nursing care performance. Among the areas of work life, value, control and community emerge as pillars of this relationship. Moreover, this research sheds light on the major influence of engagement on the sub-system “transforming resources into services” from the nursing care performance framework elaborated by Dubois et al. (2013). Conclusion: This study advises managers on how to improve nursing care performance through work-force engagement, especially by promoting an empowering and collaborative practice environment. This analysis enables a deeper look into the relationship between nurses’ engagement and nursing care performance by conducting further research.

Keyphrases: Engagement, Nursing care performance, Six work life areas, Integrative literature review
Littérature et production de l'espace à l’ère numérique. L'éditorialisation de la Transcanadienne. Du « spatial turn » à Google maps

As the space we inhabit is increasingly shaped by digital tools, we ask whether it is possible to shape space through editorialization. Can literature be considered a tool for production in this space? Can it help us reclaim places and territories apparently stripped by information giants of all literary value? In order to address these questions, the Canadian Research Chair for Digital Textualities team launched, in 2015, an action-research project along the Trans-Canada highway. This mythic route, crossing Canada from coast to coast, has indeed given rise to a wide range of media production: images, videos, cards, historical texts, and digital data, as well as literary narratives. Consequently, infrastructure such as highways or motels intermix with dialogue and the imaginary in constructing space. To study this hybrid space, we undertook our own Trans-Canada highway crossing, in a trip that took us from Montreal to Calgary. We documented this road trip in real time on several social networking sites in order to better understand how literature contributes to the production of space in the digital era by offering different editorialization strategies.

Keyphrases: Imaginaire-réel, Canada, Spatial turn
Regards de la modernité. Simulacre et négativité dans « Les Carnets de Malte Laurids Brigge » et « On tourne »

This study intends to propose a comparative reading of two European novels, chronologically and thematically close, that are often associated with the general movement of literary modernism: "The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge" (1910) by Rainer Maria Rilke and "Shoot!" (1915) by Luigi Pirandello. The focus will be to show how these texts allow the modern world to be seen through a series of marginal images, which are coordinated and modulated as the characters of the story are progressing towards their inevitable end. In particular, paying attention to the representations of Parisian life in Rilke’s opus, and the mechanic of a big film’s studio in Pirandello’s, we will see how these novels try to establish an internal critique of progress and its avatars.

Keyphrases: Rilke, Rainer Maria, Simulacre
Effects of deoxynivalenol and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol on bovine ovarian theca cell function

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolite deepoxy-DOM-1 have significant effects on bovine ovarian theca cell function. The objective of this study was to identify different signaling pathways involved in the mechanism of action of DON and DOM-1 by mass spectrometry. Methods: bovine ovarian theca cells were harvested from adult cows independently of the stage of the estrous cycle, and were cultured at a density of 500000 viable cells in 1 ml McCoy’s medium for 5 days. The cells were then treated on day 5 of culture with 1 ng/mL DON or DOM-1 for 30 minutes and total cell protein was collected for mass spectrometry. Results from mass spectrometry showed that both DON and DOM-1 induce simultaneous upregulation of ERK1/2 , MAPK14 (p38alpha) and MAPK13 (p38delta). Mass spectrometry also indicated that 94 peptides such as GNGT1, EDN1 and YWHAB were upregulated. They mostly regulate cell proliferation pathways and are involved in biosynthesis of lipid and carbohydrates. Nevertheless, 255 peptides such as CALR3, PTGES3, RAD21, ACVR2B and TGFBR1 were downregulated whose activities are mainly activation or deactivation of apoptotic processes, and glucose and choline metabolism. Our findings show that both DON and DOM-1 at least at a low dose (1 ng/ml) have the potential to stimulate upregulation of distinct MAPKs and downregulate specific signaling pathways that stimulate bovine ovarian theca cell proliferation.

Keyphrases: Phosphoproteome, Theca cells, Deoxynivalenol, Deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, Mitogen-activated protein kinases, Proliferation
Le microbiome bactérien pulmonaire dans l'asthme équin

Bacterial microbiome is defined as the whole bacterial population found within a space. The role of the pulmonary microbiome in asthma is poorly defined, but it is now well established that the one of asthmatic patients differs from that of healthy individuals. However, the influence of environmental conditions and medication on pulmonary microbiome is poorly known and effects difficult to control in humans. Moreover, microbiome stability over time remains controversial. The hypothesis of this study is that the pulmonary, nasal and oral microbiomes of unmedicated horses vary with the environment and that asthmatic status does affect the pulmonary microbiome. Six horses with severe equine asthma and 6 healthy horses were kept in 3 distinct environments (low, moderate and high antigen exposure). In each environment, pulmonary function has been evaluated and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs), nasal and oral washes were collected. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced (Illumina MiSeq 4) and analyzed using the Mothur software and the Vegan package in R. Pulmonary, oral and nasal bacterial communities are strongly grouped by environmental conditions and the effect of the environment is more pronounced in healthy horses. The pulmonary microbiome of asthmatic horses differs from that of healthy horses at the family level of taxonomic designation, with a tendency towards an overrepresentation of Pasteurellaceae, unlike nasal and oral microbiomes which are not different between the two groups. The bacterial families Neisseriaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidaceae with pathogenic potential were only found in the BALs of asthmatic horses. This study shows that the lung bacterial microbiomes of healthy and asthmatic horses receiving no medication are different and vary accordingly to the antigenic exposure level. This difference is present mainly when asthmatic horses have a strong pulmonary inflammation which suggest that the altered pulmonary microbiome is not inherent but coincident with pulmonary inflammation. Its role in the perpetuation of inflammation remains to be investigated.

Keyphrases: Inflammation, Pulmonary microbiome, Equine asthma, Bacteria, Environment, Inflammation
Acute pain in domestic cats : nociceptive investigation and novel therapeutics

Analgesic drug availability is limited in feline practice. The aim of these studies was to investigate the antinociceptive properties of a novel formulation of buprenorphine (Simbadol, 1.8 mg ml-1) and tapentadol in cats.  In two separate studies, six healthy cats (each) were included in a prospective, randomised, blinded, crossover study. In study I, Simbadol (1.8 mg mL-1) was administered by various routes: subcutaneous (SC; 0.24 mg kg-1), intravenous (IV; 0.12 mg kg-1) or buccal (OTM; 0.12 mg kg-1) route of administration and thermal thresholds (TT) were compared with a saline group (SAL; saline SC). Plasma buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine concentrations were measured up to 72 hours following each buprenorphine treatment. A bespoke pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model fitted data from two analytes/three routes of administration. In study II, thermal thresholds were compared among cats receiving buprenorphine (0.02 mg kg−1, IM), placebo (50 mg oral dextrose) and two doses of oral tapentadol (low-dose 25 mg; high-dose 50 mg).  Subcutaneous administration of Simbadol provided long-lasting thermal antinociception (≥ 24 hours). These effects are prolonged compared with the IV (8 hours) and OTM (12 hours) treatments. Joint pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling demonstrated prolonged plasma concentrations for the SC route. Both doses of tapentadol increased thermal antinociception in cats. The high-dose of tapentadol produced similar duration of antinociception as intramuscular buprenorphine (2 hours) and twice as long as the low-dose. Palatability presented a significant limitation to the drug’s administration.  Simbadol and tapentadol produced thermal antinociception when compared with saline. Additional investigation is necessary to determine if this translates to the clinical setting.

Keyphrases: Buprenorphine, Tapentadol, Feline, Pain, Analgesia, Thermal antinociception, Opioid
A hypoxia response element in the Vegfa promoter is required for basal Vegfa expression in skin and for optimal granulation tissue formation during wound healing in mice

Hypoxia in skin wounds is thought to contribute to healing through the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a key transcriptional regulator of genes associated with healing. HIF-1 regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) by binding a hypoxia response element (HRE) in its promoter. Although VEGFA is a key regulator of angiogenesis during healing, whether hypoxia and HIF-1 serve to induce its expression in this context is unknown. To test this hypothesis, we studied VEGFA expression and wound healing in the Vegfa/ mouse model, which lacks a functional HRE in the Vegfa promoter. Unexpectedly, decreased levels of Vegfa mRNA were found in intact skin in Vegfa/ mice, whereas levels in granulation tissue during wound healing were not altered. Likewise, mRNA levels of VEGFA target genes Pdgfb and Sdf-1 were decreased in skin but unchanged in granulation tissue in the Vegfa/ mice. Decreased Vegfa levels in skin could not be attributed to decreased HIF-1 protein expression in the skin of Vegfa/ mice, and were therefore the consequence of a loss of HIF-1 responsiveness of the Vegfa promoter. Histologic analyses of healing wounds in Vegfa/ mice revealed significant defects in granulation tissue, both in terms of quantity and capillary density, although epithelialization and healing rates were unaltered. It can be concluded that HIF-1 is not a major regulator of Vegfa during wound healing. Rather, HIF-1 serves to maintain basal levels of Vegfa and VEGFA target genes in intact skin, required for optimal granulation tissue formation in response to wounding.

Keyphrases: VEGFA, HRE, Skin, Wound healing, Granulation tissue