NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Appartenance, corporalité, matérialité : m’exposer, performer et toucher le cinéma expérimental

This works of research-creation offers practical and theoretical research in the field of experimental cinema. The ntions of self-exposure, performance and materiality will be discussed through the prism of belonging in order to make an autoethnographic approach to the cinematographic medium. The position of artist-student-immigrant that I assume reflects these concepts through an autopoietic practice. The first part of the thesis looks at my need to immigrate. By taking an example from my Moroccan counterparts, such as Ahmed Bouanani, I explain why staying in Morocco risks jeopardizing my practice. The second part aims to dissect a cinematographic entanglement by going back in time to my practice through the cinematographic tools that have shaped my gaze. So, I start to draw an artistic voice. The third part explains the process by which my body as an artist and the cinematographic equipment that I use are coupled in a kind of theoretical-practical back and forth to perform and exhibit. The fourth part is the explanation of an important stage of the research-creation process, which is the awareness expressed by the concretization of the autopoietic process, or by the execution, in the public place, of my approach: showing how I show. Finally, the thesis ends with the proposal of the protocol of my creation, Cinematographic Translation.

Keyphrases: Performance, Immigration, Experimental cinema, Self-exposure, Materiality, Corporality, Autoethnography, Morocco
La mise en scène des transgressions quotidiennes : The Office et les normes sociales

Our study is intended as a reading of the American version of the successful series The Office (NBC, 2005-2013) through the dramaturgical metaphor of sociologist Erving Goffman (1922-1982). This rapprochement allows for a rich analysis as both the series and the sociologist place social embarrassment at the heart of their respective projects. With the fictional premise of being a documentary, as well as satirizing the self-spectacularization of reality TV participants, The Office makes Goffmanian dramaturgy explicit. The characters in the series, especially protagonist Michael Scott, constantly make us sensitive to the fact that they are in performance. Embarrassment being a fundamentally unpleasant emotion, the series seems to point to the rules it sees as essential to group cohesion by making us suffer their transgression. The discomfort we feel could become an opportunity for us to experience the social consequences of transgressions, teaching us the importance of upholding norms. First, we'll try to determine if the series allows for something like "negative learning" of social norms. Second, we will try to prove that some episodes convey a different narrative than Goffman's on the transgression of social norms, presenting moments when embarrassment can be experienced by the characters as opportunities to deepen some interpersonal relationships or to make political gains.

Keyphrases: Sitcoms, Cringe Comedy, Rire, American TV series, Social norms, Socialization, Laughter, Awkwardness
Investissements privés et occupation étrangère : les milieux d'affaires français et l'intervention militaire en Russie, 1917-1920

In 1917, the Bolshevik party seized power in Russia, repudiated state debt, nationalized private enterprises and imposed early forms of Soviet management to the economy.  France, whose economic ties with Russia had largely grown during the three previous decades, saw her huge investments in the country compromised.   The French private sector, by far the most affected of all Allied powers, reacted strongly to this regime change. This memoir focuses on the subsequent actions of the private sector, and seeks to understand how they reacted to the Bolshevik’s coming to power.  Did they play a role in the process of decision-making towards military intervention?  Did they have any impact on the ground in Russia?  How did they react to the ultimate failure of the intervention and the loss of their assets? We demonstrate that the economic factor was central in the adoption of an interventionist policy.  We also examine how the French government discreetly tried to support the private sector, but mostly used it to advance its own interests in Russia.  Finally, we demonstrate that the failure of the private sector to defend its interests has many common causes with the failure of the military intervention itself.

Keyphrases: Russian civil war, French intervention, Military occupation, private interests
Prise en charge et diversité des expériences dans les camps de réfugié.e.s allemands de Bamberg

From the autumn of 1944, an estimated 12 million Germans fled or were expelled from the Reich’s eastern provinces and various Central and Eastern European countries. Yet, outside Germany, the treatment of these refugees once they arrived in western Germany has hardly been studied in the post-war historiography.  Examining the refugee camps in Bamberg, Upper Franconia as study cases, this master thesis will aim to identify different victim groups or divisions within the refugee population as well as the complex reasoning and processes by which the city, district and archdiocese of Bamberg and the German aid groups try to integrate the newcomers. In a context of severe shortage of housing, basic necessities and politicization of humanitarian assistance, this study highlights the distinctions and prioritization made between certain groups of refugees at the expense of others. Using gender as a category of historical analysis, as well as social history to include groups traditionally excluded from the main historical narratives, this study will also engage in wider discussions in postwar Germany about the German’s development of a new political, social, economic and gender order. This memoir will seek to explain how and why some groups got access to food, accommodation, employment and medical services before others, in a context of the rise of the rhetoric of victimization and the creation of a west-German memory and identity.

Keyphrases: expulsion, Bamberg, Caritas, Germany, Post-war era, refugee, Bavaria, children, women, workers, memory, gender roles, Caritas, Catholic Church, victimization
«Avec salutations socialistes» : lettres de plaintes et relations socio-étatiques en République démocratique allemande, 1953-1967

This master’s thesis analyzes the dynamics between the German Democratic Republic and its citizens through complaint letters that East Germans sent to the State between 1953 and 1967 regarding housing problems. It argues that the complainants adopted “socialist values” throughout their discourses as a way of justifying the legitimacy of their complaints. In other words, they used the discourse and principles of the state against it in order to demand action and a resolution to their problems or concerns. This thesis not only highlight these various strategies, utilizing a “history from below” approach, but it also investigates the state’s reaction to the complaints of its citizens. It argues that the state responded overall better in the 1960s as it did in the 1950s, showing evolution in the relationship between state and society as well as a shift in the state’s way to understand socialism. By the 1960s the East German government had had time to slowly adapt its domestic politics towards the population’s needs. The analysis of these letters is at the crossroads of two methods: First I employ a discursive analysis that allows me to identify the recurring strategies by which the state and its citizens sought to influence each other.  Second, I use a statistical analysis of the State’s responses coupled with an examination of domestic politics that allows me to capture the changing attitude of the government towards its population.

Keyphrases: Eingaben, protestation, reconstruction, Walter Ulbricht, Wilhelm Pieck, Aufbau, German Democratic Republic, GDR, socialism, state, society, complaint, discourse analysis, strategic writing, discursive identity, letter writing, protest, housing, Berlin Wall, new economic policy, East-Germans, East Germany
La gentrification du quartier Hochelaga-Maisonneuve : le discours sur la mixité à l’épreuve de ses réalités socio-spatiales

The notion of social mix has become an iterative theme reflecting the ongoing discourse surrounding the high stakes of urban redevelopment, the policies of housing, and the impact of gentrification. Diverse actors such as politicians, socialites, academics, urban planners, and real estate developers frequently employ social mix. For some, social mix is an ideal to strive for, while for others, this notion is just another way to render invisible the complex relationship that exist between the actors of the urban fabric and the implied dynamics of exclusion. We will investigate how the notion of social mix accompanies the present transformations of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, a working-class neighbourhood of Montreal. The purpose herein is to analyse the motivations, the modalities, and the interests of both public and private actors, in order to defend the notion of social mix and to justify the participants in the transformation of this neighbourhood. We examine if social mix, as part of a political agenda promoting specific urban projects, is really reducing the negative impacts of gentrification, or, on the contrary, is it helping to justify urban policies? In order to show our research results, we will present a documentary film and a short thesis. For the purpose of this project, we originally filmed 28 participants, yet chose only 13 for the final editing. Moreover, we interviewed over 100 individuals residing in the neighbourhood. The film lasts 60 minutes and was shot during different seasons for a period of one year.

Keyphrases: Gentrification, Exclusion, Social mix, Neoliberal urbanism, Housing crisis
Aurores étripées ; suivi de, Henri Michaux ou l'incapacité prodigieuse

The fragment as injury, as the fractured form which in the fissures of the very language it incarnates, gestures at the unutterable, is at the center of this research-creation thesis project. In the novel Aurores étripées, the fragment-form serves to probe the imaginary aspect of postmemory. The protagonist’s course is beset by both collective and individual grief ; her existential anguish is intimately, inextricably linked to Pinochet’s dictatorship. Stories of torture, collaboration, as well as those of combat and solidarity in the face of horror, all haunt the narrator. The female voices of her family, above all that of Carmen, a former member of the resistance, help the protagonist traverse the silence that threatens to engulf her.  The essay Henri Michaux ou l’incapacité prodigieuse explores the various forms which existential malaise comes to inhabit in the work of the poet, most notably in La nuit remue. One notes that in Michaux’s work the anguish of living is unutterable, and in that very fact is also nonfigurable : both elusive and paradoxical, it is incapable of adopting a determinate form, however, in a universe characterized by change and metamorphosis, it is the only constant, and one may well think, the only essence. At once fate and the way of being in the world, its determination is the source of what Michaux terms the space within.

Keyphrases: Henri Michaux, Fragment, Torture, French poetry, Dictatorship, Chile, Novel, Nonfigurable, Postmemory
L’évolution de la figure féminine dans l’œuvre scénique de Marcel Dubé

This study concerns the representation of female figures in Marcel Dubé’s theater, especially in four plays featuring women as main characters: Zone, Florence, Bilan, and Virginie. The plays themselves span two periods of Québec’s history, from the Grande Noirceur up to the Révolution tranquille, thus allowing for a certain evolution in the characterisation of the female roles at the time. By choosing to stage a teenager (Zone), two young women (Florence and Bilan), and a mature woman (Virginie) in these plays, Dubé traces a portrait of the female character that is not only pertinent to his work, but which also reflects major changes taking place in the society of Québec at that time. Our feminist and sociocritical reading of the author’s plays offers then a new perspective on Dubé’s work in the context of Québec history.

Keyphrases: Marcel Dubé, Québécois theater, Sociocriticism, Feminist studies, History of Québec
Philosophie en pièces(s) : la poétique métaphysique dans Axël de Villiers de l’Isle-Adam

If Plato often criticized theater and literature, faulting poets of “implanting an evil constitution in the soul of man”, theater dons, nonetheless, a new philosophical dimension in the 19th century. At a time of boulevard comedy and of “well-made play”, a theater of ideas begins to emerge. Villiers de l’Isle-Adam is a precursor of this new theater thanks to his play Axël, who quickly became the template of symbolist theater. In this thesis, we will study the philosophical features of this play, published posthumously in 1891, and the dramaturgical methods employed by the author to give a new life to this literary genre, which he himself considered as dying. In this work, we will find fragments and references to the idealist theories by Hegel and Schopenhauer, which Villiers used in his play to illustrate his personal philosophy: Illusionism. We will study the ways in which Villiers, by renewing the classical techniques of play writing, brings in the dialogues the new life necessary to “make of an abstract philosophy a tangible play”. Finally, this thesis, has a propensity to verify the hypothesis of Camille Dumoulié, exposed in his essay Littérature et Philosophie, which argues that literature is the idea of philosophy.

Keyphrases: philosophie, Villiers de l’Isle-Adam, 19th century, theater, symbolism, illusionism, philosophy
Coalescence and opposition : depiction of vampires in Bram Stoker’s Dracula and Stephenie Meyer’s Breaking Dawn from the Twilight series

The objective of this thesis is to create a dialog between Bram Stoker’s Dracula and two novels from Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight series, Twilight and Breaking Dawn. With the help of concepts present in these novels, it is possible to analyze what the figure of the vampire represents in our conception of a human being. In the first chapter I support the idea that the transition that a human undergoes in other to become a vampire is a metaphor of the improvement of the self. Through this transition, an individual is able to accept its darker side in the objective of controlling it instead of simply hiding it. In the second chapter, I examine the different roles held by blood in vampire literature. Even though blood holds the role of being a physical representation of both life and death, it comes to represent concepts that are related to society like being part of a race or of a given group. In the third chapter, I observe how the fear of the stranger, the other that is unknown, gradually disappears as vampirism becomes an image of improvement instead of being one of corruption or deterioration. While the first two chapters are focused on the nature of the vampire, the third will use that nature to understand where the vampire stands in regard to a human society and what its place amongst it signifies.

Keyphrases: vampire, identity, vampire, the unknown, society, blood, the self
Nouvelles perspectives sur la longévité humaine : étude longitudinale du lémurien genre Microcebus murinus

The aging of populations is an inescapable reality of modern societies, which observe an inexorable increase in life expectancy. One of the obstacles to the analysis of human mortality is the fact that it takes more than a hundred years for all individuals in a generation to die. For this reason, biodemography, a new field of research combining demography and biology, is looking at the analysis of mortality data from primates, such as the  gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). The data for this captive-bred species come mainly from the logbooks recording the entries and exits of all individuals in the MMDN laboratory of the Biology Department of the University de Montpellier.  The main objective of this thesis is to compare the distributions of deaths by age for the lemur by sex, as well as for human populations of different ages. The P-splines approach used makes it possible to derive these distributions from smoothed mortality rates. Different indicators are calculated on mortality: life expectancy at the age of sexual maturity, life expectancy at old age, median age of survival, and modal age at death. Our results indicate that female captive-bred gray mouse lemurs live longer than males for all the different indices used, contrary to what has been reported in the literature. This is however consistent with the different hypotheses that assume longer life spans in primate and human females. Moreover, the comparison of mortality in lemurs and humans shows that the distribution of lemur deaths is close to the European pre-industrial societies.  This incursion into the demography of an animal species will allow the advancement of this brand-new field of research that is biodemography. A more in-depth analysis of the longevity of short-lived primates will provide us with long-term information on the biological mechanisms of aging in humans.

Keyphrases: Biodemography, Gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), Modal age at death, Life expectancy, Median age of survival, P-spline smoothing, Human longevity
Étude comparée de la mortalité des esclaves noirs et des esclaves autochtones du Québec ancien (1632 – 1834)

The enslavement of Indigenous peoples and persons of African origin by French Canadians is seldom addressed in the historical demography of Québec. Even less is known of the mortality patterns of these two groups. This master’s mémoire fills the gaps in the existing demographic literature on this marginalized population, by estimating slaves’ mortality risk with event history analysis. Through these analyses, this master’s mémoire answers the following question: what was the role of gender and ethnicity in determining slaves’ mortality risk? To achieve this objective, I compiled biographical information about the enslaved population of Québec in the BDPEQA (Database of the slaves in ancient Quebec) from qualitative data in the Dictionnaire des esclaves et leurs propriétaires by Marcel Trudel in 1990. A descriptive analysis of the BDPEQA data shows that the enslaved population of Québec from 1632 to 1834 is composed of 65% Indigenous peoples and 35% Blacks, lived mainly in Montréal, and during the French regime. Descriptive analyses of biographical data from the BDPEQA (with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and median ages at death) as well as Cox regression models of slaves’ risk of death before age 40 indicate that Black slaves had better survival chances than their Indigenous counterparts. Indeed, Indigenous slaves had a median age at death of 17 years compared to 40 years for Black slaves. In addition, Indigenous men have the highest risk of dying, regardless of living environment, period or observation or exposure to epidemics.

Keyphrases: esclaves, Marcel Trudel, RPQA, conditions de vie, histoire, slaves, enslavement, black, First Nation, Québec, New France, history, demographic, mortality, survival analysis, living conditions
Sadisme commun et traits psychopathiques : leur association avec la reconnaissance émotionnelle faciale

The behavioral manifestations of everyday sadism and subclinical psychopathy suggest an association with emotional deficits and with emotional processing deficits. It is suggested that the emotional coldness and the lack of empathy associated with everyday sadism and subclinical psychopathy are due to facial affect recognition (FAR) deficits. The aim of this study is to assess the association between everyday sadism, subclinical psychopathy and facial affect recognition. The participants of the present study were recruited in provincial halfway houses, in youth centers, in an intervention center for sexual offenders and in an organization offering help to man with a history of violent behaviors. The statistical analyses were conducted on a sample comprised on male general offenders (N = 81).  The collection of the data was made using an online questionnaire comprised of sociodemographic information, the Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies (VAST), the Self-Report Psychopathy – Short Form (SRP-SF) and a facial affect recognition task.  Adding to descriptive analyses, Pearson’s r correlation analyses and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the respective influence of sadistic tendencies and psychopathic traits on predicting facial affect recognition performance.  No general nor specific facial affect recognition deficits were found in relation to sadism. On the opposite, sadism was associated with a better performance for overall facial affect recognition and sadness recognition. Results suggest that higher levels of callous affect are associated with a reduced overall facial affect recognition performance and a specific impairment for sadness recognition. The results are discussed according to the specific objectives of this study.

Keyphrases: Everyday sadism, Subclinical psychopathy, Facial affect recognition, Emotions
Les théories implicites comme facteurs de risque derrière la délinquance sexuelle des cyberdélinquants

Studies that initially focused on sexual assault against children looked at the various risk factors behind engaging and maintaining those criminal behaviors, thus highlighting the role of cognitive distortions. Ward and Keenan (1999), the first authors to present a more precise definition of these mistaken beliefs, explained that they are emerging directly from underlying cognitive patterns which they call “implicit theories”. Interconnected among themselves, these implicit theories act directly on criminal behaviour. However, their place among online sex offenders is still unknown. This thesis therefore aims to study the role of implicit theories behind the various sexual offences committed by this particular subgroup.  In collaboration with the Sûreté du Québec, this study examines the relationships between the beliefs maintained by 137 online sex offenders during their interrogation and the various sexual offences listed in their criminal record; more precisely, offences related to child pornography, luring of children and sexual contacts with minors. Following various bivariate and multivariate analyzes, the results show that the implicit theory “Nature of harm” would be associated with heavier criminal record in terms of sexual delinquency, this one being overall the most criminogenic. This study also highlights that only certain implicit theories are associate with sexual delinquency, some not related with any indicator. The results show us that certain implicit theories are more strongly associated with the fact that an individual has exclusively committed offences relating to child pornography and would therefore reduce the chances that an online sex offender initiates virtual or offline contacts with his victim. As for the implicit theory “Children are sexual beings”, this one would increase by more than twice the chances of an online sex offender to act out outside the virtual world. On the other hand, the area under the curve of this model raises the fact that it would not predict, significantly better than chance, the inclusion of online sex offenders to this particular subgroup of mixed offenders.

Keyphrases: Cognitive distorsions, Implicit theories, Online sexual delinquency, Sexual delinquency