NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Doppler vortography : detection and quantification of the vortices in the left ventricle

We propose a new method for quantification of intra-cardiac vorticity (Doppler vortography) based on conventional Doppler images. To characterize the vortices, an index called “blood vortex signature” (BVS) was obtained using a specific covariance-based kernel filter. The reliability of BVS measured by Doppler vortography was assessed in mock Doppler fields issued from simulations and in vitro experimentations. Some preliminary results issued from healthy subjects and patients with heart disease were also presented in this research project. Strong correlations were obtained between the Doppler vortography-derived and ground-truth vorticities (in silico: r2 = 0.98, in vitro: r2 = 0.86, in vivo: p = 0.004). Our results demonstrated that Doppler vortography is a potentially promising echocardiographic tool for quantification of intra-ventricular vortex flow. This technique can be easily implemented for routine checks to recognize ventricular insufficiency and abnormal blood patterns at early stages of heart failure to decrease the morbidity of cardiac disease.

Keyphrases: Echocardiographie Doppler, Doppler echocardiography, Intra-ventricular blood flow, Vortex imaging, Vorticity, Doppler vortography
The Role of Obsessive Beliefs and Inferential Confusion in Predicting Treatment Outcomes for Different Subtypes of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

The current study sought to investigate the cognitive dimensions associated with subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and determine whether changes in symptoms following inference-based therapy (IBT) coincided with the modification of cognitive domains. Fifty-nine participants were classified into various OCD subtypes using the Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and completed the Y-BOCS, Obsessional Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44), Inferential Confusion Questionnaire: The Expanded Version (ICQ-EV), Beck Depression Inventory, the second Edition (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) before and after therapy.  It was found that the belief domain on the OBQ-44 importance/control of thoughts was associated with the impulse phobia subtype. No other associations were found between the belief domains of the OBQ-44 and the other subtypes. Inferential confusion levels were found to be similar across subtypes. Change in OCD symptoms was correlated with change in the level of inferential confusion and of the belief domain Responsibility/Threat Estimation.  Percentage of change in levels of inferential confusion was found to be the most important predictor of OCD symptoms explaining 32 % of the variance. The order and arranging subtype reported variable changes in their levels of OCD symptoms, obsessive beliefs, inferential confusion, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms following treatment. Additional research assessing the efficacy of IBT with the ordering and arranging subtype and the other factors influencing the efficacy of treatment needs to be conducted.

Keyphrases: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Subtypes, Inference-based therapy, Obsessive beliefs, Inferential confusion
La désirabilité sociale a-t-elle un effet sur la motivation au changement des personnes en cours de sentence?

Few studies have examined the relationship between motivation for change and social desirability. In certain social control situations such as probation, individuals’ motivation for change might be influenced by a wish to please the probation officer. Hence motivation for change might be influenced by social desirability. An internship completed at the Direction des services professionnels correctionnels of Joliette allowed the author to examine the presence, or absence, of social desirability in the context of probation. During the course of the internship interviews were completed with four participants in the programme who were also administered two questionnaires, the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale, and Strahan and Gerbasi’s (1972) social desirability scale. Analysis showed a relationship between social desirability and motivation for change in two participants of the four participants of the study. Evaluation of these aspects might help probation officers identify the dimensions to work on in order to support motivation for change in clients and to better identify those who might benefit the most of the help offered.

Keyphrases: Motivation for change, Social desirability, Probation, Offenders
Modélisation d'arythmies auriculaires modulées par le système nerveux autonome

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia and accounts for about one-third of hospitalizations for cardiac rhythm disturbances. The mechanisms of initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation are complex and multifaceted. Among them, a contribution of the autonomic nervous system has been identified but its exact role remains poorly understood. This work targets the study of the effect of autonomic modulation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) on the initiation and maintenance of AF, using a two-dimensional tissue model. Electrical impulse propagation in the tissue was described by as a non-linear reaction-diffusion equation solved on a rectangular mesh with finite difference methods, and ACh kinetics followed a predefined time evolution corresponding to parasympathetic activation. More than 4400 simulations were performed based on 4 fibrillatory initial conditions, 5 sizes of ACh patch, 10 ACh concentrations and 22 time constants representing ACh release and degradation speed. Our results suggest that vagal stimulation can sustain or terminate AF depending on the 4 parameters studied. Results demonstrate that rapid vagal discharge, represented by low time constants combined with sufficient quantities of ACh, has a high probability of breaking the primary reentry and causing fibrillatory activity. This activity is characterized by the generation of several wavelets from a primary rotor under the heterogeneity of repolarization gradient due to autonomic modulation.

Keyphrases: Atrial fibrillation, Atrial model, Acetylcholine, Vagal stimulation, Reentry
Transfusions de globules rouges aux soins intensifs pédiatriques : épidémiologie et déterminants

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are common in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). However, there are no recent data on transfusion practices in PICU. Our objective was 1) to describe transfusion practice in PICU, which means that we aimed to determine the incidence rate and to characterize the determinants of RBC transfusion, 2) to compare this practice with that observed ten years earlier, and 3) to estimate the compliance to the recommendation of a large randomized clinical trial, the TRIPICU study. We conducted a single center prospective observational study over a one-year period. Information was abstracted from medical charts. Determinants of transfusion were searched for daily until the first transfusion in transfused cases or until PICU discharge in non-transfused cases. The justifications for transfusions claimed by the attending physicians were assessed using a questionnaire. Among 913 consecutive admissions, 842 were enrolled. At least one RBC transfusion was given in 144 patients (17.1%). The mean hemoglobin level before the first transfusion was 77.3±27.2 g/L. The determinants of a first transfusion event retained in the multivariate analysis were young age (< 12 months), congenital heart disease, lowest hemoglobin level ≤ 70 g/L, severity of illness, and some organ dysfunctions. The three most frequently quoted justifications for RBC transfusion were a low hemoglobin level, intent to improve oxygen delivery, and hemodynamic instability. The main recommendation of the TRIPICU study was applied in 96.4% of the first transfusion events. In conclusion, RBC transfusions are frequent in PICU. Young age, congenital heart disease, low hemoglobin level, severity of illness and some organ dysfunctions are significant determinants of RBC transfusions in PICU. Most first transfusion events were prescribed according to recent recommendations.

Keyphrases: Child, Erythrocyte, Transfusion, Determinant, Intensive care, Pediatrics, Critical illness
Modulation par le récepteur neurokinine-1du mécanisme d’action des immunosuppresseurs chez les cellules T

There are increasing evidences for a role of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune systems. However, whether NK1R regulates calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) and mTOR pathways in T cells is unknown. These signalling pathways being targets of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine A (CsA), FK506 and rapamycin respectively. We also examined whether pharmacological blockade of NK1R may be combined to those immunosuppressors to repress T cell activation. In this article, we first show that Jurkat T cells express both genes for NK1R and its ligands endokinins which suggests the existence of an autocrine tachykinergic regulation of T cells function. This hypothesis is supported by our data showing that blockade of this receptor with specific NK1R antagonists inhibits IL-2 production in Jurkat T cells which is associated with the reduction of NFAT activation. Interestingly, we show interplay between NK1R antagonists and calcineurin inhibitors to repress IL-2 production and NFAT activation. In contrast, blockade of NK1R has no inhibitory effect on mTOR and p70S6K activation but reduce S6R (Ser235/236) and Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation. However, combining rapamycin with NK1R antagonist has no enhancing effect on rapamycin-reduced mTOR activation and its signalling pathway. Our findings provide the evidence of a novel mechanism of regulation of NFAT activation-induced IL-2 production in T cells involving the tachykinergic system NK1R/endokinins. These observations may offer new application for NK1R antagonists in transplantation immunotherapy in combination with immunosuppressors.

Keyphrases: Cyclosporine A, Cyclosporin A, FK506, NFAT, Neurokinin-1 receptor, Endokinin
L’amiodarone en fibrillation auriculaire chez les patients avec et sans dysfonction ventriculaire gauche sévère : une étude combinée de AFFIRM et AF-CHF

Objectives: To determine whether amiodarone’s efficacy in maintaining sinus rhythm varies according to left ventricular systolic function. Background: Despite amiodarone’s established safety profile in heart failure, it is unknown whether its impact on cardiovascular outcomes is modulated by ventricular function. Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of 3307 patients (age 68.0±0.9 years; 31.1% female) enrolled in AFFIRM and AF-CHF trials who were randomized to rhythm control with amiodarone (N=1107) or rate control (N=2200). Results: In amiodarone-treated patients, freedom from recurrent atrial fibrillation was 84% and 45% at 1 and 5 years, respectively, with no differences according to left ventricular function (adjusted P=0.8754). Similarly, the adjusted mean proportion of time in atrial fibrillation (15.0±1.8%) did not vary according to ventricular function (P=0.6094). During follow-up, 1963 (59.4%) patients required at least one hospitalization, with 1401 (42.6%) patients hospitalized for a cardiovascular reason. Adjusted all-cause and cardiovascular hospitalization rates were similar with amiodarone versus rate control in the overall population and in subgroups of patients with and without severe left ventricular dysfunction. Similarly adjusted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates were similar with amiodarone versus rate control, overall and in subgroups of patients with and without severe left ventricular dysfunction. Conclusions: Amiodarone’s efficacy in maintaining sinus rhythm and reducing the burden of atrial fibrillation is similar in patients with and without left ventricular dysfunction. Rhythm control with amiodarone was associated with similar mortality and hospitalisation rates when compared to rate control in patients with and without severe left ventricular dysfunction.

Keyphrases: Amiodarone, Atrial fibrillation, Antiarrhythmic drug, Heart failure
Adaptation transculturelle et validation du questionnaire Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) pour la population canadienne française

Upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (UL-MSD) can negatively impact on patients' autonomy. There are no existing outcome measures available in French to assess activity limitations and participation restrictions caused by UL-MSD that have sound metrological properties and are applicable in a clinical context where clinicians have limited assessment time for each patient. The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI), having good metrological qualities and clinical applicability, is a relevant tool for clinicians since it promotes a patient-centered approach. However, the tool was only available in English and Spanish until now.   This research project included two studies and aimed at adapting the ULFI to the French Canadian population and to assess the metrological properties of the adapted version (ULFI-FC) and its clinical applicability. The first study examined its internal consistency, convergent validity and clinical applicability among 50 bilingual patients with UL-MSD. The second study aimed to analyse its test-retest reliability and responsiveness among 60 French-speaking patients.   The findings revealed that the ULFI-FC possesses sound metrological properties: a high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.93 for Part 1), an excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.87-0.95), an excellent convergent validity (r = 0.70-0.85), and good to excellent responsiveness (effect size = 0.49-0.88; and r = 0.64 for Part 1), as well as good clinical applicability in a context where assessment time devoted to each patient is limited.   In conclusion, the ULFI-CF is a relevant and attractive tool assessing activity limitations and participation restrictions for clinicians working with French Canadian UL-MSD patients in a busy clinical setting.

Keyphrases: Participation, Adaptation transculturelle, Upper limb, Upper extremity, Musculoskeletal disorders, Activity, Participation, Assessment, Cross-cultural adaptation, Rehabilitation, Clinical applicability
Rôle des informations proprioceptives dans l’équilibre à la marche chez les personnes en santé et hémiparétiques

Proprioceptive information is important for balance control, but little is known about how it is used during gait, or how stroke affects this use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of neck and ankle proprioception in balance during gait in healthy participants and after stroke. Thirteen healthy and 6 hemiparetic participants walked on an instrumented treadmill in a fully lit room, while whole-body three-dimension kinematics was quantified. Vibration was applied on the posterior neck muscles and triceps surae tendon on the non-dominant/paretic side, continuously or during the stance phase only. Difficulty to maintain dynamic and postural balance was evaluated using the stabilizing and destabilizing forces, respectively. Summary data of gait kinematics and kinetics were also reported. Continuous and stance phase vibration of the triceps surae decreased, in healthy patients, the difficulty to maintain both dynamic and postural balance in healthy participants (p<.01), with a longer distance between the centre of mass and centre of pressure and the limit of the base of support, indicating a more backward body position, and no change in temporal gait parameters. No effect of neck muscle vibration was observed (p>.17). None of the vibration conditions affected balance or gait parameters in stroke participants. The results confirmed that proprioception information is used for control balance during gait. Its importance depends on the walking and visual conditions. Changes in sensory integration capacities likely explain the results after stroke. Further study is needed to understand the integration of proprioception and vision information to control balance during gait.

Keyphrases: Proprioception, Stroke, Balance, Biomechanics, Stabilizing force, Destabilizing force
Couplage entre les régions IIS4S5 et IIIS6 lors de l’activation du canal calcique CaV3.2

Voltage-activated T-type calcium channel CaV3.2 plays an important role in neuronal excitability and in pain perception. CaV3.2 channel bears a strong structural and functional homology with voltage-dependent NaV channels. In particular, these channels are activated by relatively small depolarization and display faster activation and inactivation kinetics than the L-type CaV channel. High-resolution crystal structures of bacterial NaVAb (Payandeh et al. 2011; Payandeh et al. 2012) and NaVRh (Zhang et al. 2012) suggest that the amphiphilic helix S4S5 in Domain II may be coupled with S6 residues both in Domain II and in the adjacent Domain III during channel activation.To determine whether residues in the S4S5 helix of Domain II are functionally coupled with residues in the S6 helix in Domain II and Domain III during the voltage-dependent activation of CaV3.2, a double mutant cycle analysis was performed by introducing pairs of glycine and alanine residues in the S4S5 helix of Domain II and the S6 region of Domains II and III. Biophysical properties were measured with the cut-open oocyte technique. Activation gating was measured for 47 single mutants and 14 pairs of mutants. Strong coupling energies (ΔΔGinteract > 2 kcal mol-1) were reported for 3 pairs of mutants introduced in IIS4S5/IIS6 and IIS4S5/IIIS6. No significant coupling was observed between IIS4S5 and IVS6. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the S4S5 and S6 helices from neighboring domains are energetically coupled during the activation of the low voltage-gated T-type CaV3.2 channel.

Keyphrases: activation, calcium, double mutant cycle analysis, ionic channel, electrophysiology, gating
Contribution à l’élaboration d’un guide alimentaire béninois : approche par la programmation linéaire et validation sur le terrain

Context: Benin is affected by a double burden of malnutrition: undernourishment and over-nutrition. In the same country and sometimes in the same household, undernourished individuals and individuals living with diseases related to over-nutrition can be found. This malnutrition burden can be prevented, at least in part, if the population is made aware of proper eating habits. To this end, local health professionals need educational tools like a food guide to teach proper dietary practices. The elaboration of a guide is a stepwise process: 1)Definition of food groups;2) Identification of a visual representation for the food guide and 3) Quantification of food serving size to recommend. Objective: To determine the daily number of servings per food group and serving sizes of foods to be recommended for different age and sex groups in Benin.  Methods: 1) Characterization of local dietary patterns with data from two recent cross-sectional studies; 2) Optimisation of average local diet with linear programming (LP) and WHO recommended nutrient intakes; 3) Translation of the results of LP in terms of number and size of daily servings per food group; 4) Illustrating the recommendations with examples of daily menus; 5) Validation of the food guide prototype with local decision makers in nutrition.  Results: The number and size of servings per food group to recommend was determined using LP. Results were shared with local experts in Benin. The first food guide prototype was developed for subsequent restitution to local authorities.

Keyphrases: food guide, Benin, Linear programming
Impact de l’insuffisance rénale chronique sur les transporteurs de glucose et les effets subséquents sur la résistance à l’insuline

Of all metabolic disorders found in chronic renal failure (CRF), insulin resistance remains one of the most important to consider because of the risk of morbidity and mortality it causes via cardiovascular complications. Few studies have considered the modulation of glucose transporters as the mechanism underlying the emergence and progression of insulin resistance in CRF. We explored this hypothesis by studying the expression of glucose transporters from organs involved in its homeostasis (muscle , fat , liver and kidneys) through the use of an animal model reflecting CRF (5/6th nephrectomy). The insulin sensitivity was determined by a glucose tolerance test (GTT), where the results reflect glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia , and transport studies in muscle show a decrease in glucose uptake in CRF ratss (~31% , p<0.05). The significant decrease in GLUT4 in peripheral tissues (~40%, p<0.001) may be the cause of insulin resistance in CRF. Furthermore, increased protein expression of the majority of glucose transporters (SGLT1, SGLT2, GLUT1, p<0.05) within the kidney in CRF causes greater glucose reabsorption in which consequential hyperglycemia promotes a decrease in GLUT4 thus exacerbating insulin resistance. Elevated protein levels of GLUT1 and GLUT2 in the liver reflects an impaired glucose homeostasis in CRF. The results show that the modulation of the expression of glucose transporters may be responsible for insulin resistance in CRF.  The impact of parathyroidectomy (PTX) on the expression of GLUT4 was studied since PTX is known to correct glucose intolerance in CRF. Our results show an improvement in glucose intolerance which may be due to less reduction of GLUT4 protein expression in peripheral tissues despite the presence of CRF. The excess of PTH, linked to secondary hyperparathyroidism, could be held responsible to the presence of insulin resistance in CRF by affectant GLUT4 expression.   CRF shares many similarities with prediabetes in regards to impaired glucose metabolism such as hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. No studies have attempted to assess whether CRF could lead to diabetes. Our results demonstrated that the induction of CRF in a predisposed animal model (Zucker rats) provoked greater glucose intolerance as evidenced by the highest blood glucose levels reached in the GTT. In addition, some of them had fasting blood glucose levels whose values exceeded 25 mmol/L. It is therefore possible that CRF can lead to diabetes through the evolution of insulin resistance by the worsening of glucose intolerance.

Keyphrases: GLUT, PTX, Zucker, CRF, insulin resistance, diabetes