NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Étude exploratoire des facteurs de risque présents à différents moments dans la vie familiale de jeunes ayant des difficultés de comportements plus ou moins sévères : tendances ou exceptions?

Many researches were conducted to understand the origin and impact of youth behavior problems in our society. These studies are for the most of quantitative nature and do not provide the adolescents with the opportunity to express their thoughts on the matter. Past researches demonstrate that the child’s behavior problems seem to lead to more important negative behavior, in the adulthood and adolescent period. In this paper, we will examine the discourse of the adolescent with behavior problems to explore their family risk’s factors; the qualitative analysis will be the framework of this study. The experiences of 30 young boys and girls from special behavioral problem school will be examined.  The relationship between the severity of family risk’s factors and the severity of behavioral problems will be highlighted through four behavior profiles. The results of our analysis are in line with the previous literature in this field for the two profiles where the relationship between family risk’s factors and behavioral problems were depicted and expected. The other two profiles show unexpected results where, for one, despite less severe family risk’s factors, the child shows severe behavioral problems. Our observations seem to indicate that the presence of distal or individual risks’ factors has a negative influence on the child’s behavior. Also, a combination of some proximity and distal risk factors appear to be a negative influence, and may be exacerbated in the transition towards the teenage years. The other unexpected profile shows children with less severe behavioral problems despite their severe familial risk factors. The results of our research disclose the presence of protective factors within the individual, in his proximate and distal environment, which could lessen the negative impact of the family's severe risk factors on the child’s behavior. Furthermore, it seems that familial risk factors of lesser severity exposed during a smaller period in childhood, would have a lesser impact on the child’s behavior, therefore reducing the severity of behavior problems, in the aforementioned profile.

Keyphrases: adolescents, parents, behavior problems, family trajectory, children, adolescent, family
Communiquer la genèse de l’organisation : l’invention rhétorique de Québec solidaire

The dissertation addresses the “black hole of genesis” in organizational studies: how an organization gets constructed in the first place, and for the first time. It shows that an organization is founded through the interplay of various agencies (human, symbolic, material) articulated by communicative interactions. Based on the in-depth analysis of interactions performed during the founding convention of a political party in the Canadian province of Québec in 2006, it identifies and discusses the various strategies and tactics employed by members to enact the existence of a new collective agent, i.e., their ways of “communicating genesis.” Those include unification narratives, management of identities, institution of principles through founding documents, and the establishment of a collective voice, simultaneously shared and disputed by various agents. Such accomplishments are inherently rhetorical to the extent that they are “strategies for encompassing a situation,” for naming its structure and outstanding ingredients through “the use of language as a symbolic means of inducing cooperation.” This rhetorical configuration of discourses, objects, bodies, physical and spatial designs, economical, political, and institutional imperatives, that represents the heterogeneous agencies at work in organizations, bears new lights on what organizations come into being. By identifying the “foundational” or “essential” components of this political party, and by inscribing them in the concepts of the dramatist rhetorical theory, the dissertation develops an innovative perspective for the study of the communicative constitution of organizations.

Keyphrases: substance, organizational communication, constitutive rhetoric, organizational genesis, political parties, substance
Vers une nouvelle définition du patrimoine : l'intégration du développement durable dans l'évaluation patrimoniale

While some link between heritage conservation and sustainability are already established, we need to improve our ability to protect and enhance heritage within sustainability framework. The evaluation of our built heritage establishes its significance through its associated values. However, some questions needs to be answered: beyond the traditional values attributed to our build heritage, what is the role attributed to the environment, economic and social aspects in the evaluation of a site? In the interest of pursuing the natural alliance between sustainable development and heritage conservation, the question begs to be asked in the particular context of heritage evaluations. Our research topic focuses on a key question: can the definition of heritage continue to broaden to encompass sustainability’s criteria? The thesis objective is to achieve a synthesis of the need to conserve our built heritage and the concept of sustainable development as criteria into the methodology used to evaluate a site to ensure the conservation of heritage for sociocultural, economic and environmental considerations. This research proposes to examine the values based approach and current heritage evaluation methods. To enhance heritage approach, we will take into consideration the sustainable paradigm and its actual translation in architectural and historic preservation practices. We propose to elaborate a new evaluation grid that includes criteria in relation with social, environmental and economic issues. We will validate this grid with a case study: Montreal’s Grain elevator No5. Accordingly, a clear overview needs to include all aspect of our cultural heritage to manage and guide the conservation projects in order to achieve a sustainable approach.

Keyphrases: conservation durable, heritage preservation, heritage values, sustainable conservation, values based approach, sustainability
Le contrôle de l’activité du médecin en centre hospitalier

The practice of medicine in a hospital center is subordinate to the application of various rules purporting to the control of the clinical activities of physicians. This thesis intends to offer a detailed analysis of the regulatory framework as provided for in the Act respecting health services and social services and its by-laws. The main objective is to layout the administrative and disciplinary mechanisms of control of the clinical activities of physicians.   Following his appointment, the physician will take place in an administrative structure as delineated in the organization plan and medical staffing plan of the hospital. These plans are guidelines to be considered by the institutions while recruiting physicians, and tend to show a legislative intent to efficiently allocate the offer for health care services throughout the province of Quebec.   The physician’s reporting to a clinical department gives rise to the application of specific regulations set up by the department head such as the duty roster or the rules governing the use of medical and material resources of the department. This study will address the validity of various agreements by the means of which physicians adjust the execution of their obligations, in the light of recent developments in case-law.   The law provides for a disciplinary procedure as well as a procedure relating to the examination of complaints concerning a physician. This study will also address the due process applicable, the situation of the concerned parties, as well as the possibility of recourse to the Quebec Administrative Tribunal.

Keyphrases: physician, hospital, organization plan, Act respecting health services and social services, disciplinary procedure, status and privileges, examination of complaints concerning a physician, Administrative Tribunal of Quebec
Quelques théorèmes ergodiques pour des suites de fonctions

Birkhoff’s ergodic theorem gives us information about the convergence of sequences of functions. We are then interested in studying the mean and pointwise convergence of these sequences, but in the case the sequence is a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers. With that goal in mind, we will define uniform sequences and study the pointwise convergence for these sequences. We will also explore the possibility that there exists some sequences for which the convergence of the sequence does not occur. We will present a result of Alexandra Bellow that says that such sequences exist. Finally, we will prove a result which establishes an equivalence between the notion of a strongly mixing transformation and the convergence of a sequence that uses “weights” which satisfies certain properties.

Keyphrases: Stationary processes, Measure preserving transformations, Birkhoff and Von Neumann ergodic theorems, Uniform sequences, Ergodic theorem along uniform sequences
Les différences du corps ne laissent pas indifférents

This thesis deals with issues related to the body considered as a socio-cultural construct. Based on interviews inspired by the life-story method, I try to understand the ways in which body differences contribute to individual identification, in relation to the cultural connotations attached to them. These differences are defined as components of the body, perceived as a deviation from the norm established by the dominant culture. Three different bodies have been the subject of this study: one short, one black, and one tattooed. This approach is essentially rooted in a theoretical framework of Cultural Studies, as defined by Stuart Hall (1997), and in one of Gender Studies, as per Judith Butler (2001). It derives from the idea that the body is a reservoir of signs, producing meaning within a social system which contributes in transforming individuals into subjects. This work is organized around issues affecting cultural practices involved in the construction of the body, in the production of differences, in the writing of those differences in the body, and in the process of subjectification of individuals. Moreover, it argues that the negative connotations associated with differences create hierarchical classification systems marked by forms of discrimination of dominated groups. This work focuses on differences as organizing elements of social relations through power struggles whose presence is reminiscent of Michel Foucault's study of the structure of the disciplinary society (1975).

Keyphrases: Discrimination, Body, Differences, Subjectivity, Discrimination, Dwarfism, Black race, Tattoos, Power
Autobiographie et engagement : l’ambiguïté du genre et le discours politique de L’Amérique au jour le jour comme laboratoire scripturaire dans l’œuvre de Simone de Beauvoir

The main purpose of this master thesis is to explore the intimate connexion between the practice of autobiography and writing as a form of engagement in the work of Simone de Beauvoir, through an analysis of the ambiguous genre in America Day By Day and the political views that the book puts forward. Although America Day By Day is the basic corpus of this thesis, other texts contemporary to the American travel log will also be used to guide our generic classification, including Letters to Nelson Algren, Letters to Sartre and The Mandarins, and the volumes of Beauvoir’s autobiography that deal with the post-war period, even if they were written after the American travel log. Using concepts from genre theory, including issues such as hierarchy, proportion, intent and program, and the ethical commitment of the writer as defined in the Satrean concept of engagement, we will attempt to demonstrate that the generic ambiguity of America Day By Day is a deliberate action by the author aiming to jeopardize her symbolic capital, therefore ensuring the credibility of her intellectual engagement. Once the concepts above have been defined, the second chapter of our paper will focus on exploring all facets of genre ambiguity in the American travel log, while the third chapter will seek to illustrate the intimate connection between creative nonfiction and intellectual engagement, as well as exploring commitment’s forms in the book. To do this, we will analyze three political discourses found in Beauvoir’s work: criticism of the American consumerism, criticism of the Negro Problem and criticism of American women. We conclude our thesis by showing that America Day By Day has become a sort of matrix in Beauvoir’s autobiographical practice, as well as in her intellectual “engagement”.

Keyphrases: Simone de Beauvoir, Autobiography, Creative nonfiction, Genre theory, Intellectual engagement, Committed literature
Spondylolisthésis, morphologie et orientation sacro-pelviennes chez une population de jeunes gymnastes

Multiple studies have reported an increased prevalence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in certain groups of athletes, including gymnasts, where it can reach as high as 40 to 50%. Numerous studies have shown that sagittal sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation is different in spondylolisthesis. Sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation in gymnasts and their relationship with spondylolisthesis have never been analyzed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of spondylolisthesis in a cohort of gymnasts, as well as the associated demographic characteristics and sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation.  In order to achieve our goal, an evaluation of different demographic characteristics and radiological parameters was performed on a cohort of 92 young gymnasts.  A 6.5 % prevalence of spondylolisthesis was found.  The weekly training schedule was the only statistically significant different demographic characteristic between the two groups, with and without spondylolisthesis.  Our results have also shown that sagittal sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation, in terms of pelvic incidence (p = 0.02) and sacral table angle (p = 0.036), is different between gymnasts with and without spondylolisthesis.  In conclusion, our observations support the importance of sacro-pelvic morphology and orientation in spondylolisthesis.

Keyphrases: Sacrum, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis, Morphology, Pelvic incidence, Sacral table angle, Pelvis, Lumbosacral
L’effet des interventions policières sur les violences reliées aux bandes criminelles

Objectives. The objective of this dissertation is to further our understanding about the effects of police interventions on gang-related violence. Using the five most importance police strikes conducted in the Province of Quebec between 1991 and 2008, the relevance of three conceptual frameworks is compared: (1) the market thesis that predicts an increase in gang-related violence for the possession of illicit markets, following the withdrawal of a key player, (2) the deterrence/neutralization model that predicts a decrease in gang-related violence, and (3) the attrition model which predicts a gradual decline in violence (due to losses suffered by each party during a conflict).    Methodology. Data come from the Homicide Surveys conducted by Statistics Canada. Various homicide rates were aggregated on an annual basis for different Canadian Provinces and metropolitan census areas. Pooled time series analyses were then conducted to estimate effects of police interventions.   Results. Operation “Printemps 2001” is the sole police intervention to be associated with a significant decline in gang-related homicides. “Sans-Frontières”, “Colisée”, and both Wolverine squads, launched in the cities of Quebec and Montreal, did not produce any noticeable preventive effect. On the opposite, Wolverine Quebec was associated with an increase in gang-related homicides.    Conclusion. The present results rather support the deterrence thesis than the market and attrition models. In order to produce deterrence, police interventions have to: (1) target a significant fraction of the members of the criminal organization, (2) target the leaders, (3) neutralize members of the organization, and (4) make sure that likely sanctions are known by potential offenders. Other studies are, however, required to estimate the impact of police interventions in other settings.

Keyphrases: Homicides, Homicides, Criminal gangs, Deterrence, Neutralization, Police interventions, Illegal market, Attrition, Attrition
Le problème de la souveraineté politique chez Thomas Hobbes

On Hobbes’s relationship to the monarchy, Hobbes Studies make a general consensus: throughout his life, the theorist of the Leviathan would have been a convinced monarchist, faithful to the English dynasty of the Stuart. This work seeks to undermine the rigor of this traditional thesis. Inspired by the contextualist research of J. Collins, which have already shown the Hobbesian affinities towards the anticlerical policies of Cromwell, it wants to show that such affinities hide a much deeper political intention: the political realization of the moral principles of natural law. In this perspective, Hobbes would be, at the instigation of the resolutive-compositive method, not only the inventor of the first subjective natural right in the history of political philosophy, but also the theorist of a new natural law, built on the rationality of all individual wills. So, with the publication of the Leviathan in 1651, Hobbes would not have expressed his political affection for the overthrown English monarchy: he would rather have revealed his political project to establish a political sovereignty based on the rational consent of all subjects. Monarchist in his youth, Hobbes would then have become, with the elaboration of his political science, a supporter of a political system that could be named democracy of the positive rationality.

Keyphrases: Hobbes, Political sovereignty, Natural law, Natural right, Resolutive-compositive method, Democracy, Political intention, Rationality
Analyse génotypique des cellules initiatrices de tumeurs exprimant CD133 dans le neuroblastome

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common and deadly extracranial solid tumor of childhood characterized by a resistance to chemotherapy possibly due to the presence of tumor initiating cells (TICs). Studies showed the role of CD133 as a marker of TICs in various types of cancers. Our goals were first to demonstrate the stemness of TICs expressing CD133 and then, using a global genomic analysis with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), to perform a differential analysis between TICs and other cells of NB to identify the specific genetic abnormalities.  NB cell lines were sorted by flow cytometry to obtain two populations: one enriched in CD133 (CD133high), the other low in CD133 (CD133low). To determine whether these cell populations have TICs properties, we test the ability of cells to form either neurosphères or, colonies in soft agar and we also test their carcinogenic properties by orthotopic injections of 500 selected cells in 11 mice. After a DNA extraction on selected populations, a differential genotyping analysis has been made with Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. To verify the expression of the genes identified, Western blots had been made. Our results have demonstrated that CD133high population presented TICs properties in vitro and in vivo. The differential genotyping analysis allowed identifying two gains common regions (16p13.3 and 19p13.3) in CD133high population and two others loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (16q12.1 and 21q21.3) in CD133low population . No losses were observed. Among the genes studied, ephrin-A2 protein expression was correlated to CD133 expression in 6 NB tumors and 2 NB cell lines. Also, ephrin-A2’s increased concentration influenced the neurospheres by decreasing their size. Thereby, CD133high population, which had TICs properties, possess different genotyping characteristics compared to CD133low population. The presence of ephrine-A2 in cells expressing CD133 emphasizes its importance in the development of TICs. These results suggest the presence of potential target for new therapies targeting the TICs demonstrated by the genomic study.

Keyphrases: CD133, SNP, Neuroblastoma, Tumor initiating cells, Genotyping analysis
L'angoisse chez Søren Kierkegaard et chez Martin Heidegger

Anxiety differs from other feelings and states in that it is not directed at anything specific, but rather towards life in general. But what does anxiety mean? Why does it come about? The present dissertation seeks to understand anxiety through the works of two philosophers who dealt with these questions at length: Søren Kierkegaard and Martin Heidegger. By taking into account various similarities and differences between these two conceptions, we will come to a better understanding of how philosophy has clarified this peculiarly human phenomenon. In fact, one might say that these conceptions have served to transform — or to open a new perspective on — the question of anxiety. No longer is anxiety treated in terms of its psychological effects, but rather in terms of how it allows us to grasp something essentially human. Anxiety, qua affective situation, provides a privileged mode of access to the human being, deeper and more original than any purely scientific approach. Anxiety thrusts us into the heart of what is constitutive of the human being: a synthesis of two contrary factors (be it the soul and the body or the ontic and the ontological). Moreover, anxiety articulates the connection between possibility and reality, placing the individual before a fundamental feature of human existence: one’s own most possibilities, or destiny.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Truth, Freedom, Anxiety, Authenticity, Individuality
Critique praxéologique d’une exposition sur le « vrai » visage de Jésus : un essai de théologie trash

This dissertation is in line with what we call praxéologie pastorale. It analyses, in four cycles, the implementation of an exhibition which opposes an alienating fig-ure of Jesus (smooth and conventional) to a trash vision of him (in other words subversive and provocative), if we are to be faithful to the Bible's inscriptions. The first cycle (observation), which presents the first exhibition project as well as the inspiring sources (personal, cultural and artistic), brings us to surround two prob-lematics: the question of the truthfulness and the subversive orientation (trash) of the Bible's image of Jesus. The second cycle (interpretation) questions the truth with Hans Georg Gadamer, which brings us to surpass the violent affirmation of the truth of the first exposition project to reorient it into that of a questioning per-spective. Furthermore, an example of the trash dynamic allows us to base the sub-versive and provocative figure of Jesus by rereading the Bible; hence the third cycle (intervention): the amendment of the first exhibition project. In conclusion, the fourth cycle (prospective) pushes the reflection beyond the concrete interpreta-tion, namely, in regard to the arts and the public, the grief of the truth, the trash dynamic and the faith.

Keyphrases: praxéologie pastorale, art, pastoral praxeology, trash theology, trash dynamic, Jesus, Hans Georg Gadamer