NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Implication de l'association CD20/CD40 dans la mort cellulaire induite via le CD20

CD20 is a transmembrane phosphoprotein specifically expressed at the surface of B cells. Despite the many studies that have shown its involvement in calcium flux, its physiological role is poorly understood. However, recent studies have shown that CD20 can play an important role in cell death. Moreover, rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against human CD20, has shown efficacy in the treatment of many autoimmune diseases. Indeed, this antibody is able to induce a profound depletion of B cells and interfere in T cooperation and secretion of cytokines. In addition, the engagement of CD20 at the cell surface induces cell death, while the cytoplasmic portion of this molecule has no death domain. So, it is possible that this response is mediated by molecules that could be associated with CD20, like CD40. In fact, CD40, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, is a major component of the immune system. The engagement of CD40 can modulate cellular function and may even lead to rapid B cell death. The work presented in this thesis will focus on the study of cell death induced by an anti-CD20, rituximab, and on the role of the association of CD40 with CD20 at the cell surface in susceptibility to cell death mediated by this antibody. Our results show that cell death induced by rituximab depends on cell type and on the levels of expression of CD20, and that the presence of CD40 at the cell surface increases cell death induced by rituximab. In addition, CD20 and CD40 are associated at the cell surface, and the cytoplasmic portion is not involved in this association but seems to be important in induction of cell death by CD20.

Keyphrases: CD20, CD40, rituximab, association, cell death
Le rôle modérateur de la participation aux activités parascolaires dans la relation entre la déviance des amis et le désengagement comportemental chez les adolescents

This study aims to examine the moderating role of extracurricular activities on the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and boys’ and girls’ disengagement between the first and second years of secondary school. The sample was composed of 448 students from two secondary schools in Montreal. During two successive years, the level of behavioral disengagement, extracurricular activities participation, and number of deviant peers were evaluated with self-reported measures. Results show that, beyond the mother’s educational level and youth deviancy, affiliation with deviant peers is positively associated with adolescent behavioral disengagement. Moreover, extracurricular activities participation is positively but marginally associated with student disengagement. Finally, results suggest that the effect of extracurricular activities participation varies between boys and girls. The discussion highlights the different implications of these results for research and intervention.

Keyphrases: deviant peers, extracurricular activitie, school engagement, juvenile delinquency, adolescence, protection factor, longitudinal study
Modulation de l’adressage membranaire et de la fonction du canal CaV2.3 par les résidus leucine du domaine guanylate kinase impliqués dans la liaison à forte affinité de CaVβ

Voltage-activated Ca2+ channels (CaV) are membrane proteins that play a key role in promoting Ca2+ influx in response to membrane depolarization in excitable cells. They form oligomeric complexes that are classified according to the structural properties of the pore-forming CaVα1 subunit. Auxiliary CaVβ subunits modulate cell-surface expression and voltage-dependent gating of high-voltage-activated (HVA) CaV1 and CaV2 α1 subunits. CaVβ subunits are formed by a Src homology-3 (SH3) domain and a guanylate kinase-like (GK) domain connected through a variable HOOK-domain. In order to identify the residues responsible for the CaVβ3-induced membrane density of CaV2.3, we produced mutants along CaVβ3’s fonctionnal domains. Complete deletion of the SH3 domain as well as deletion of the HOOK domain did not alter plasma membrane targeting of CaV2.3 nor its typical activation gating. In contrast, 5-residue deletions in the GK domain disrupted cell surface trafficking and functional expression of CaV2.3. Mutations of residues known to carry nanomolar affinity binding in the GK domain of CaVβ did not significantly alter cell surface density. Mutations of a quartet of leucine residues in the α3, α6, β10, and α9 regions of the GK domain, each expected to curtail protein-protein interaction, were found to significantly impair cell surface targeting of CaV2.3 channels. Altogether, our results confirm that the GK domain includes the molecular determinants carrying the chaperone function of CaVβ. However, CaVβ-induced cell surface targeting appears to be determined by structural elements that are not strictly dominated by high-affinity binding of CaVβ onto CaVα1.

Keyphrases: Calcium channels, Targeting, Gating, Homology modeling, Electrophysiology, Flow cytometry
Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène de la protéine de liaison de la chlorophylle-a et de la péridinine chez le dinoflagellé Lingulodinium polyedrum

Dinoflagellates are an important part of the ocean’s ecology due to their large contribution to global carbon fixation, the symbiotic association they can make with corals and by their ability to form algal blooms potentially toxic for humans and animals in coastal communities. However, the molecular biology of dinoflagellates has been poorly studied in the past. Basic knowledge, such as regulation of gene expression, is severely limited. An attempt at deciphering basic gene regulation has been undertaken in the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum and Amphidinium carterae using a reduction in available light intensity to induce the expression of the peridinin chlorophyll-a binding gene encoding the major light harvesting complex protein. A small increase in transcript abundance (less than 2 fold) was found in both short and long term experiments, yet neither yeast one-hybrid assays nor electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed any potential protein interactions with sequence derived from the intergenic spacer of the PCP tandem gene array. Interestingly, an analysis of the recently sequenced L. polyedrum transcriptome revealed an important under-representation of classic DNA-binding domains (such has Heat-shock factor, bZIP and Myb) and an over-representation of the bacterial cold-shock DNA-binding domain. This suggested that components of the transcription regulation machinery may be at least partially different in dinoflagellates.

Keyphrases: Lingulodinium polyedrum, Amphidinium carterae, transcriptome, Dinoflagellates, DNA-binding domain
Le point de vue des intervenants travaillant avec les jeunes contrevenants sur le recours à la médiation dans les cas de crimes graves

Both in research and in practice pertaining to criminology, it can be observed that there is growing interest in the field of restorative justice practices, such as mediation, as alternatives to the traditional justice in reaction to crime, especially in cases of serious crime. To this day, in Quebec and in Canada, there are no existing restorative justice programs offering measures such as mediation to young offenders having committed a serious crime. This study focuses on young offenders who committed a serious crime and on the pertinence of participating in a mediation process in theses cases.    Specifically, the objectives of this study are to determine if there are conditions or counter-indicators to participate in mediation in cases of serious crimes committed by young offenders. Our secondary objective was to determine the advantages and the limits of mediation in cases of serious crime, according to the interviewees met. Finally, because two different types of workers were met, we compared these two groups to determine if differences could be observed in their point of views.   We met with eight mediators and four youth workers in order to know more about their point of view concerning the use of mediation in cases of serious crimes, especially those committed by young offenders. Our analysis of the interviews allowed us to determine several conditions and counter-indicators to the use of mediation in these cases. However, even though many counter-indicators were named, it seems that an adequate preparation of both the victim and the offender should allow all cases to be referred to a mediation process. In practice, it is important to adapt the mediation process to the situation and to the needs of both the victim and the offender.

Keyphrases: conditions, Restorative justice, mediation, young offenders, victims, counter-indicators, conditions, qualitative research
Le corps fantomatique dans Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein de Marguerite Duras et La Maison étrangère d'Élise Turcotte

The 1970s have seen the body become a stronghold of identity and offer a new language for the theorization of women’s writing. Since then, representations of the body, especially of the female body, have taken over the novel. In that perspective, this dissertation studies the ghostly body of two heroines in Le Ravissement de Lol V. Stein by Marguerite Duras and La Maison étrangère by Élise Turcotte. Their bodies are marked by absence, eeriness, tiredness and wandering, unable to fully exist within a world that has lost its bearings following a “traumatic event” for Lol and the end of a relationship for Élisabeth. The protagonists suffer from an eerie sensation that essentially “spectralises” the body by revealing a gap in their relationship to themselves as well as to others. This sensation is caused in part by a failing memory which breaks up their sense of self. Trying to work through these memory faults, both Lol and Élisabeth aspire to solve the dread of their personal and familial history which seems to be at the root of their ghostly, uncomfortable grasp on their own body. The text echoes back to the spectral corporeality – staged by different representations of the dematerialized body – through « blanks » left within the writing. The process by which the bodies seem to vanish or disappear can be closely associated with a particular spacio-temporality, itself tainted by a haunting past. Spectrality occurs, in women’s contemporary fiction, to express an identity compromised by the ending of a relationship ; this particular event becomes the pretext for a reflection about how one inhabits not only their body, but also the world it binds them to.

Keyphrases: Marguerite Duras, Élise Turcotte, Women's contemporary fiction, Writing of the body, Spectrality, Ghostly body, Marguerite Duras, Élise Turcotte
Prisons et chez-soi dans la littérature migrante canadienne et allemande féminine : la construction de l'espace chez Agnant, Farhoud et Demirkan

Contemporary Canadian and German female migration literature is closely linked to questions of space. Authors such as Abla Farhoud (Le bonheur a la queue glissante), Marie-Célie Agnant (La dot de Sara) and Renan Demirkan (Schwarzer Tee mit drei Stück Zucker) communicate problems and questions linked to today’s female migrant condition through their particular use of space in their novels. The prison metaphor helps to reveal the complex situation of the female migrant and her relationship with space: we have to take into consideration elements such as the uprooting from her birth country, her domination by men and her powerlessness regarding the events linked to migration, as well as her confinement by others. For example, these women are often subject to prejudices and racism on the part of the new country’s society. The woman’s prison becomes also obvious when it comes to theories of space: the current male theories of space (especially those by Bachelard, Merleau-Ponty, Lefebvre, De Certeau and Augé) are ignoring the woman’s particular situation. Even though they help to expose what the spaces in the novels are telling us and how we must interpret the spaces, they are unable to reveal the migrant woman’s relationship to space in all its complexity. Also, the spatial reality of women exposed by feminist theories (especially those by Shand, Rose, Chapman and Massay) can only partially understand the complex spatial relationship of migrant women. The weak points of the theories we mentioned here come mostly from the fact that they are too simple: they don’t include the history of the female migrant in their reflections. Due to the female migrant’s particular history, her conception of terms such as territory, home and identity are very different than those of individuals who have not been exposed to the experience of being uprooted. By exposing the particular problems faced by female migrants, this thesis helps break the silence that oppresses them. Therefore, through this thesis, we are filling a gap that exists in the field of research: we are placing the migrant woman in the center of the theoretical reflections, by exposing the complementarity of male and female/feminist theories and the necessity of combining different theoretical points of view. Through this thesis and our analysis of the spaces in the novels, we are giving a precise idea of the woman’s nuanced situation and are offering a clarifying perspective on her complex relationship to space.

Keyphrases: Renan Demirkan, Abla Farhoud, Marie-Célie Agnant, Diaspora, Migration Literature, Literature of women, Theories of space, Women and Space, Prison Metaphor, Diaspora
Régionalisation et synthèse des patrons de la végétation du Québec : utilisation d'indices de patrons à l'échelle provinciale

Quebec is a vast province in which bioclimatic conditions, land-uses and land-cover changes are highly diverse. At this scale, multiple drivers interact to have an impact on the composition and configuration of landscape patterns. The main objectives of this research were to explore and better understand the spatial distribution of landscape patterns across Quebec, and to characterize observed patterns as seen from satellite. To achieve these objectives, we quantified landscape patterns with an extensive set of metrics measured from a categorical land-cover map. We developed and applied several approaches to interpret metric values across large areas, and to map the distribution of Quebec landscape patterns. Results revealed that ecological subzones developed by the Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune were substantially inconsistent with observed land-cover patterns. This master thesis portrays and synthesizes Quebec landscapes in an innovative way, highlighting the considerable potential of use of landscape metrics for broad-scale biogeographic mapping.

Keyphrases: Classification, Affinity propagation, Quebec, Landscape, Pattern, Metric, Clustering, Forest, Classification, Representativeness, Affinity propagation
Analyse de l'évolution de l'Administration canadienne de la sûreté du transport aérien

This study analyzed the evolution of the Canadian Air Transport Security Administration (CATSA) since its creation up to today, as well as the individual and / or institutional actors implied in this process. CATSA gravitates in an organizational field ‐the group of organizations that constitute a recognized area of institutional life (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983)- in which different actors, who not only influenced its creation, continued to play an important role all along its evolution. We have defined the air transport security field and within, we have analyzed the institutional mechanisms while identifying and defining the role of the different actors. Our analysis suggests that mainly two types of institutional isomorphisms (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983) have influenced the creation and the evolution of CATSA. Besides the coercive constraints coming from the International Civil Aviation Organization’s international regulation, it appears that other similar pressures emanate from the government of the United States by the means of coercive isomorphism, aiming the establishment of security measures all along CATSA’s evolution. It should be noted, however, the role of terrorists and their attempts to attack, as the catalyst actors and events of such coercive isomorphism. Second of all, we have also identified normative pressures originating from the values and standards from the professional network, or branch, linked to air transport security. It appears that the normative pressures appear regularly, while the coercive pressures emerge punctually all along the analyzed time period.

Keyphrases: CATSA, Canadian Air Transport Security Administration, Institutional isomorphism, New Institutionalism, Air transport security, Aviation security, Airport security
PROTECT_U: Un système communautaire pour la protection des usagers de Facebook

Social networking sites have experienced a steady and dramatic increase in the number of users over the past several years. Thousands of user accounts, each including a significant amount of private data, are created daily. As such, an almost countless amount of sensitive and private information is read and shared across the various accounts. This jeopardizes the privacy and safety of many social network users and mandates the need to increase the users’ awareness about the potential hazards they are exposed to on these sites. We introduce Protect_U (Hélou, Gandouz et al. 2012), a privacy protection system for Facebook users. Protect_U analyzes the content of user profiles and ranks them according to four risk levels: Low Risk, Medium Risk, Risky and Critical. The system then suggests personalized recommendations designed to allow users to increase the safety of their accounts. In order to achieve this, Protect_U draws upon both the local and community-based protection models. The first model uses a Facebook user’s personal data in order to suggest recommendations, and the second seeks out the user’s most trustworthy friends to encourage them to help improve the safety of his/her account.

Keyphrases: Facebook, Classification, Online privacy, User-profile, Social network sites, Recommender system, Community filtering, Classification
L’histoire du cinéma weimarien et son évolution historiographique

Anton Kaes’ 2009 Shell Shock Cinema made a clear shift from Siegfried Kracauer’s 1947 classic book, From Caligari to Hitler. Refuting Kracauer’s major thesis – which found hints of the rise of Nazism through an analysis of Weimar cinema – Kaes placed shell shock as a primary source of influence on the 1920’s German movies. Recent research takes a new look at Kracauer’s thesis and its significance, emphasizing the First World War, and not the Second World War, as the new cornerstone of studies on Weimar Cinema. This paper, while conducting a thorough review of literature on the subject, seeks to reconsider Kaes’ thesis, expending it to a larger filmography selected for its numerous representations of personal trauma, social trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These mental troubles are exacerbated by socio-political tensions, – such as the Versailles Peace Treaty, the Ruhr occupation, the January 1919 insurrection and the inflation of 1923-24, – feeding both symbolic and concrete depictions of traumatic experiences throughout the Weimarian cinema.

Keyphrases: Culture weimarienne, Weimar cinema, Weimar Republic, First World War, Shell Shock, Weimar Culture, post-traumatic stress disorder
Harmonisation de l'indication géographique dans la Loi de la propriété industrielle du Mexique

Local products occupy a privileged place in the preferences of consumers who are more and more interested in knowing the origin and the quality of the products they consume. Mexico has a great variety of “terroir products”, learned and passed on to producers from generation to generation, but some of them lack protection or their protection is ineffective. Mexican producers oftentimes live in marginal conditions, and the imitation of their products results in a reduction in sales. They are often forced to change their trade. This situation puts the national patrimony in jeopardy due to the abandonment of traditional knowledge, which represents the identity and cultural diversity of the Mexican nation. The « Ley de la Propiedad Industrial » (LPI) provides for the appellation of origin and the collective mark as mechanisms of protection; however, they are not always adequate to ensure an effective protection of “terroir products”. Our goal is to analyze whether the inclusion of the geographical indication in the LPI will strengthen the registration of “terroir products” that are at risk of disappearing. This study thus highlights the need to revise the LPI to better reflect the needs and realities of Mexico.

Keyphrases: Adpic, France, Trips, Intellectual property, Geographical indication, Appellation of origin, Collective mark, Terroir product, Mexico, France, Chile
Étude de l’oxydoréduction de monocouches électroactives de ferrocénylalcanethiolates par spectroscopie à résonance des plasmons de surface

The oxidation and reduction of self-assembled ferrocenylalkanethiolate monolayers formed on gold surfaces (FcRSAu) have been followed in real-time by electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (E-SPR) spectroscopy. Film thickness changes on the order of angstroms resulting from SAM structural changes can be detected by SPR. The electrochemically-induced reorientation of the ferrocenylalkanethiolates has been proposed by several spectroelectrochemistry studies. We have used E-SPR to elucidate the nature of the molecular reorientations.  The SPR refractometer was first calibrated to find a pixel to angle equation so that Fresnel modeling could be used to calculate SAM thickness changes from the measured resonance angle changes (Δθmin). SAMs of FcCnSAu (where n = 6, 8, 12, 14) were characterized by electrochemistry, infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results obtained show that an increase in the alkyl chain length gives a thicker and less disordered SAM. Oxidation of the surface-bound ferrocenes to ferroceniums and pairing with ClO4- anions produces a similar change in Δθmin for these SAMs, but the variation in the SAM thickness is linearly dependent on the chain length. Mathematical deconvolution of the cyclic voltammograms of binary SAMs (FcC12SAu/C11SAu) of different compositions was used to separate the contributions of the different ferrocene domains (aggregated vs. isolated ferrocenes). We conclude that the aggregated-ferrocenes undergo a change in the orientation of the alkyl chain orientation. We cannot however exclude that the cyclopentadiene rings also reorient themselves. Anion pairing effect was studied by E-SPR. Our electrochemistry results indicate that the ability of the electrolyte anion to pair with the electrogenereted ferrocenium decreases in the following order: PF6- > ClO4- > BF4- > NO3-. On the other hand, the change in Δθmin does not follow the associated trend observed for the anion pairing capacity but rather NO3- ≥ ClO4- > PF6- ≈ BF4-. We hypothesize that the difference in the uptake water molecules by the oxidized SAM may be the reason for this observation. This hypothesis still needs to be verified.

Keyphrases: SAM, SPR, Self-assembled monolayer, Surface plamon resonance, Electrochemistry, Anion pairing