Rôle du complexe NF45-NF90 dans la régulation post-transcriptionnelle du cycle cellulaire

The eukaryotic cell cycle is divided into a series of ordered phases leading to cell division. This process is essential in normal cell proliferation and development, but it is also largely deregulated in cancer cells. Cell cycle phases are differentiated by the different molecular processes performed and expression of specific genes at each phase is determinant. In humans, there are approximately 1000 genes that are periodically expressed throughout the cell cycle. Control of this periodic expression has been well characterized at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. However, post-transcriptional regulation remains little studied in the context of the cell cycle, despite its importance in the control of gene expression. In order to identify post-transcriptional cell cycle regulators, we have correlated the expression of cell cycle genes with the expression of 687 RNA-binding proteins (RBP) in more than 1000 breast cancer specimens. This analysis allowed us to identify 39 RBPs, including Nuclear Factor 45 (NF45) and Nuclear Factor 90 (NF90). NF45 and NF90 form a heterodimer that binds double-stranded RNA structures and controls gene expression at various levels, from splicing to stabilization of mRNAs. Depletion of NF45 or NF90 inhibits cell proliferation by inducing several mitotic defects resulting from decreased expression of many genes essential for mitosis. In order to determine at which levels this regulatory mechanism takes place, we performed a proteomic method to identifyNF45-NF90 proximal interactors and identified an interaction with the Staufen1/2-UPF1 complex responsible for the degradation of mRNAs. Thus, it appears that the expression of some mitotic mRNAs is controlled by a competition between NF45-NF90 and Staufen1/2 for binding to these mRNAs. In a second study, we looked for potential regulations on NF45 and NF90 during the cell cycle and found phosphorylation events on NF90 taking place in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. We have shown that this phosphorylation is CDK1-dependent, and that CDK1 activation leads to the translocation of NF90 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Finally, based on the involvement of the NF45-NF90 complex in cancer cell proliferation, we carried out a high-throughput screening assay of 120,000 ii. Abstract ii molecules on the interaction between NF45 and NF90. This assay allowed us to identify more than 1000 molecules that could potentially interfere with the NF45-NF90 complex. Amongst them, we found 14 molecules belonging to the cardiac glycoside family, which are antiarrhythmic drugs that also display anticancer effects. Interestingly, treatment with cardiac glycosides leads to a mitotic phenotype very similar to the depletion of NF45 or NF90, suggesting an involvement of the NF45-NF90 complex in the antimitotic effects induced by cardiac glycosides. In conclusion, these studies have shed light on the role of the NF45-NF90 complex in cell proliferation, but also deepened our understanding of the different mechanisms involved in cell cycle control.

Keyphrases: cancer, Cell cycle, RNA binding proteins, NF45, NF90, Staufen, CDK1, Cardiac glycosides