NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Lactide polymerization with iron alkoxide complexes

Initial attempts to prepare iron alkoxide complexes, from iron (II) dichloride or dibromide, in combination with various bis(imino) pyridine ligands, led to the formation of homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes depending on the N-substituents on the imino moieties. A study was made of the resulting paramagnetic octahedral homoleptic complexes, with respect to their spectroscopic properties, as well as their crystallographic parameters. Alternatively, the synthesis of penta-coordinate heteroleptic iron (II) complexes provided good precursors for the ligand substitution reactions with alkaline alkoxides, to produce the desired iron bis(alkoxide) derivatives. Methods such as UV-vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, high resolution mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography were used for the characterization of these iron complexes. The catalytic activity of these iron (II) complexes was investigated with respect to lactide polymerization; the desired bis(alkoxide) species were generated in-situ due to the difficulties in isolating pure alkoxide derivatives of the bis(imino) pyridine iron (II) complexes. An informative study was made of both time-scale conversion values, as well as tacticity properties of the resulting polylactic acid chains, through proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, as well as MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) mass spectrometry measurements.

Keyphrases: Iron catalysis, Lactide polymerization, Ligands diiminopyridine, Diiminopyridine ligands, Biodegradable polymers, Green chemistry
Étude de tour béta actif dans les modulateurs allostériques du récepteur de la prostaglandine F2alpha

Preterm birth is a major perinatal health problem. Worldwide each year, more than one baby on ten is born premature, accounting for approximately 15 million babies per year. Pursuing molecules that can delay labour, so called tocolytics, we have targeted the prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP), because of its intimate involvement with the stimulation of uterine contractions leading to birth and preterm birth. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that PDC-113.824 and azapeptide can modulate FP function by an allosteric mechanism featuring biased signalling, and can delay labour in a mouse model. The objective of the present work is to study the active turn geometry responsible for the modulatory effects of our lead tocolytic agents on the prostaglandin F2α receptor. Crystal structure and computational analyses of indolizidin-2-one amino acid and aza-glycinyl-proline components have shown them to adopt geometry that mimic ideal type I and II’ β-turns suggesting the potential involvement of such turns in the biological activity. To study the relevance of a type I β-turn on activity, we have prepared analogs possessing macrocyclic and pyrroloazepinone dipeptide mimics, because of their reported propensities to mimic type I β-turns. The syntheses of analogs possessing glycinyl-proline and D-alaninyl-proline were conducted to validate the involvement of a type II` β-turn in receptor recognition. In addition, we reported an efficient strategy for preparing the macrocyclic and pyrroloazepinone dipeptide mimics from a common intermediate using a diastereoselective transannular cyclization on a tetrapeptide precursor.

Keyphrases: Premature delivery, Prostaglandin F2α, Tocolytic, Peptidomimetic
Qui fait quoi? Analyse des libellés de contribution dans les articles savants

Who does what in a scientific research team? This work proposes to define the roles of each author with an original methodology. The order of the authors is a useful indicator of the relative importance of each of the co-authors, but it does not reveal the precise nature of their respective role. Our research shows that using statements of contributions from scientific articles for bibliometric purposes is possible, even on a large scale. Our results show that there are differences in the contributions to scientific articles and these differences also apply to the distribution of work among research teams by gender.

Keyphrases: Femme, Contribution, Bibliometric, Woman, Role, Authorship, Gender, Scientific Activity
L’identité chez les Iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent : analyse du mobilier céramique du site McDonald, Saint-Anicet

This thesis is focused on the stylistic variability observed within the ceramic assemblage of the McDonald site, locatedSt-Anicet cluster, and how this variability can be observed at different levels of St. Lawrence Iroquoian identity. These levels of identity are the Iroquoian linguistic family, the St. Lawrence Iroquoian interaction sphere, the village cluster, the village, the clan and the household. The study includes a spatial distribution of the ceramic on the site through an observation of the pottery refits. This also helps to understand the settlement pattern by looking at, for example, the connections between the longhouses and the middens. The stylistic variability between longhouses and with other St. Lawrence Iroquoian sites will be studied by a comparative analysis of all the decorative techniques on the ceramic vessels. The objective of a comparison between longhouses is to identify the variability within the site and to determine the cultural identity of each household. Finally, a comparison with other St. Lawrence Iroquoian sites will be used to determine the position of the McDonald site within the St. Lawrence Iroquoian interaction sphere.

Keyphrases: McDonald, Archaeology, Late Woodland, St.Lawrence Iroquoians, Saint Anicet cluster, McDonald site, Pottery, Ceramics, Identity, Cultural Variability, Household
Identité et immigration au Japon

In the current context of globalization, immigration has an impact on the question of national identity in host countries. Although Japan is not an isolated case, it still has its own particularities. Indeed, it is surprising to see an OECD country with such a low rate of immigration. All the more so, since it has an aging population. In addition, Japan’s case is also interesting in that the issue of ethnic and cultural homogeneity, presented in nihonjinron, is central to its definition of national identity. Therefore, the goal of this paper, based on Anderson’s theory of imagined communities and on Barth’s theory of ethnic boundaries, is to analyze numerous ideological and analytical books and articles to demonstrate the impact that maintaining a strong national identity can have on the development and implementation of immigration policies in Japan. The following research assesses the origins and evolution of modern Japanese society from a political, educational, social and economic point of view and presents the development of migration policies up until today. In the light of the latter, it is possible to see how the question of identity is deeply rooted and supported by the country’s elites and how it consequently leads to strict and restrictive immigration policies.

Keyphrases: Immigration, Nihonjinron, Gestion, Japan, Nationalism, Politics, Education, Management
La preuve par métadonnées

The entry into force of the Act to establish a legal framework for information technology (hereafter «the Law») symbolises the embodiment of technological evidence into law. The notion of technological document is central to this Law. It is perfectly integrated to the different means of evidence in the Civil code. We will of course look at the notion of technological document, but even more so at its structuring element, metadata. We will study the notion, the origin and core areas of metadata. Metadata, an essentially technological element, will be studied within the context of evidence law. We will see what probationary potential metadata can offer in support of a technological document. Finally, we will examine the role of metadata within the copy-transfer concept and obligations imposed by the Law to legally be used as original document, certification and documentation.

Keyphrases: transmission, certification, documentation, metadata, evidence, copy, technology-based, notary, document
Proposition méthodologique : évaluation développement durable des stratégies de décontamination

It is now common to submit projects to an analysis of sustainability before their approval, and this, despite the variety of meanings that can take sustainability. The main goal of this analysis approach, substantially based on the impact assessment, is to assess ex ante social, ecological and economic issues of projects through the prism of sustainable development. To this end, principles such as economic efficiency, damage prevention, social acceptability and intergenerational equity can be used as guides subsequently to their translation into operational indicators. The purpose of this research is to determine how sustainable development can be incorporated into a decision-making process leading to the choice of soil decontamination strategies, as well as to suggest an approach tailored to the assessment of such projects. More specifically, the developed method shall: ensure the systematic integration of sustainable development principles into the decision-making process; guide stakeholders into a common approach; mitigate any negative effects on the environment or affected populations as well as reduce any economic risks; and, finally, adopt a holistic view of the projects.

Keyphrases: Environment, Bioremediation, Environment, Sustainable development, Phytoremediation, Technology
L'exploration de la ruine post-apocalyptique vidéoludique comme créatrice de mémoire et d'émotions

This research proposes an analysis of post-apocalyptic ruins in video games. We will question the effects of this figure on the creation of a memory based on the explored space and on the formation of  emotions. This thesis will begin by establishing the context of our definitions and the different concepts we will be using throughout, such as ruins, utopias and the apocalypse. We will then analyse the creation of a memory based on a videogame space and the effects of the represented post-apocalyptic ruins on the process, all of this backed up by a study of our corpus:  Bastion, Journey and Fallout 3. In the last part, we will do a similar work to analyse the formation of emotions in reaction to the different design elements that constitute the observed games.

Keyphrases: Bastion, Journey, Fallout 3, Ruin, Utopia, Apocalypse, Post-apocalypse, Memory, Emotions, Video game studies, Videogames
Onze femmes inuit à Montréal : comprendre leur expérience d'itinérance et de sortie de rue

This study aims to understand the homelessness experience of Inuit women native to Nunavik who are living in Montreal in the three stages of their trajectories: pre-displacement, displacement and post-displacement. An intersectional approach was chosen as the appropriate analytical framework because it allows the recognition of the plurality of the components of these women’s identities, which intersect in a unique way throughout their personal and collective experiences, and cause them to cumulate sources of vulnerability. This approach favours the study from the point of view of the marginalized women by giving them a voice, which has been made possible here with the life history method.  The sample was composed of two groups in order to explore the experience in and out of homelessness, as five participants were homeless and six others claimed to have gotten off the streets at the time of the interviews. This research was done with the help of a linguistic and cultural interpreter. The data sources were: observations, a key informant and twenty one interviews. Ten of the eleven participants were interviewed twice. After a first non-directive interview, a thematic analysis of each participant’s life story was conducted and their stories were recomposed graphically in order to form summarized trajectories. The second interview started off with the presentation of each individual’s summarized trajectory so that these women may validate the data and enhance each of their stories.  The results of this study confirm the results of previous ones, while also adding new elements. For example, the handicap conjugated to gender particularly exposes Inuit women to community violence and interpersonal violence in Nunavik. Perceived as abusive and oppressing to women, gossip is an element of the intense community violence in the North and motivates them to move to Montreal. With the recent adoption of a sedentary lifestyle, living in closeness exacerbates the intensity of this gossip. The getting off the streets is particular for Inuit women: the boyfriend holds the inflexion power on their homelessness trajectories. Women think of their boyfriend as a cultural key that gives them access to the housing system because he knows the cultural and structural mechanisms of Montreal’s life.

Keyphrases: Nunavik, Inuit women, Displacement, Urban homelessness, Intersectional approach, Life stories, Trajectory, ᐊᕐᓀᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, ᓄᓇᕕᒃ, ᐊᐅᓪᓛᓂᖅ, ᑕᒪᓂᕐᕿᓂᖅ, ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅ, ᐊᕐᖁᓯᓂᖓ
Reconstruction des mouvements du plasma dans une région active solaire à l'aide de données d'observation et d'une minimisation Lagrangienne

To this day, the various methods proposed for the reconstruction of plasma motions at the Sun’s surface are all based on ideal MHD (Welsch et al., 2007). However, Chae & Sakurai (2008) have shown the existence of an eddy magnetic diffusivity at the photosphere. We introduce a generalization of the Minimum Energy Fit (MEF; Longcope, 2004) for resistive plasmas. The Resistive Minimum Energy Fit (MEF-R; Tremblay & Vincent, 2014) infers velocity fields and an eddy magnetic diffusivity which solve the resistive magnetic induction equation and minimize an energy-like functional.  A sequence of magnetograms and Dopplergrams documenting the active regions AR 9077 and AR 12158 are used as input in MEF-R to reconstruct plasma motions at the Sun’s surface. Time series of the inferred velocities and eddy magnetic diffusivities are compared to the soft X-ray flux observed by GOES-15. We find a positive correlation between significant eddy magnetic diffusivities and microturbulent velocities for weak magnetic fields in AR 12158.

Keyphrases: Dopplergrams, Magnetograms, Numerical simulations, Photospheric velocity fields
Mesures et analyses de la luminosité d’ATLAS grâce aux détecteurs MPX

Medipix2 (MPX) devices are silicon semiconductor detectors consisting of 256x256 pixels. Each pixel has 55x55μm2. The MPX sensitive area is ~2 cm2. With two modes of operation, an adjustable threshold, and adjustable exposure time, their use can be optimized for a specific analysis. Sixteen of these detectors are currently installed in the ATLAS detector at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). They perform real time measurement of the radiation field due to proton-proton collisions occurring at the interaction point IP1 (Interaction Point 1) of the LHC (Large Hadron Collider). These measurements have different purposes, for instance the measurement of the neutron field in the ATLAS cavern. The network of MPX detectors is completely independent from the ATLAS detector. The ATLAS-Montreal group has taken interest in analysing data provided by these detectors to calculate a value for the luminosity of the LHC at the collision point of the beams around which is build the ATLAS detector that is completely independent from the value measured by ATLAS sub-detectors specifically dedicated to luminosity measurements. With the increase of the luminosity in LHC the MPX detectors near the interaction point record a large number of particles leaving tracks with a large number of overlaps in the resulting frames. These tracks are thus difficult to separate. The measurement parameters of some of these MPX detectors have been optimised for luminosity study. A method to analyse the recorded data was developed. It first filters the noisy pixels, then converts data from a frame format (corresponding to a given MPX exposure time), into luminosity in a LumiBlock format. A LumiBlock is a time measurement period used by ATLAS detector. To verify the results, comparisons between different MPXs have been made, as well as comparison between MPX results and the results of ATLAS sub-detectors specifically dedicated to luminosity measurements.

Keyphrases: ATLAS, Medipix, Pixellised detector, Luminosity
Waxing Ornamental : Reading a Poetics of Excess in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando and Djuna Barnes’s Nightwood

My thesis explores a poetics of excess in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando and Djuna Barnes’s Nightwood as a strategy through which the authors combat modernism’s devaluation of women’s writing for being overly ornamental, detailed, and/or artificial. I examine how the critical writings of Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and Wyndham Lewis attempt to reclaim the notion of detail for a masculine-oriented poetic project, and I look at how Austrian architect Adolf Loos’s work condemns ornament as backward and regressive. In treating Orlando and Nightwood directly, I consider the novels’ excessive and ornamental construction of bodies and how these bodies exceed the limits of existing modernist paradigms for representation. I also discuss narration as ornamentation in Orlando and Nightwood and how these novels excessively inscribe history and time. My conclusion proposes a practice of reading excess that rethinks this concept and its potential for producing meaning in modernist texts.

Keyphrases: Virginia Woolf, Djuna Barnes, modernism, feminist theory, gender theory, queer theory, the grotesque, the body, poetics
Intégrer les études d'impact des droits de la personne au processus législatif canadien : une étude de cas  sur des changements apportés à la loi sur l'immigration et la protection des réfugiés concernant les étrangers désignés et les pays d'origine désignés

On the 28th of June 2012, the Parliament of Canada adopted modifications to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), introducing important changes in the way claims for refugee protection from inside Canada are treated. These modifications bring about new concepts in Canadian law. The first is the notion of “designated countries of origin”. By ministerial Decree, the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration designates countries that do not usually produce refugees. Asylum seekers from these countries will face some important changes in the treatment of their application. The second one is the status of “designated foreign national”; it gives the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness the authority to designate as irregular the arrival of migrants who are not in possession of regulatory documentation. This designation leads to mandatory detention. The designated foreign nationals will also face specific treatment. These dispositions raise questions about their validity with respect to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. As a first step, the object of this master’s thesis is to show that there is an information gap in the Canadian legislative process. A majority government is able to pass into law any of its own bills as it controls both the Executive and the Legislature. The government is not bound to inform adequately the opposition parties nor the electors about the risks of any bill. In our opinion, this is an obvious gap since some bills are adopted without the government having to provide justifications, even if they run the risk of being in violation of the Constitution and more particularly of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom. This thesis explores the idea of using Human Rights Impact assessments (HRIA): an analysis model evaluating the impact of laws, regulations and public policies on human rights. The cases of France, Great Britain and the European Commission are used in this analysis. Finally, this thesis analyzed “designated country of origin” and “designated foreign national” dispositions of the IRPA in regard to the Canadian Charter and international law. We conclude that if these dispositions had been analyzed using a HRIA prior to their adoption, the Parliament and Canadians would have been informed about the risk of violation of the concerned asylum seekers’ fundamental rights.

Keyphrases: Canada, Designated Country of Origins, Designated foreign national, Human Rights Impact assessment, Refugee
Le tableau vivant comme dispositif interartial et stratégie opacifiante : le cas de Tableaux de Claudie Gagnon

The tableaux vivants (“living pictures”) form a historical practice has recently been a frequent object of reappropriation in contemporary visual arts. Situated halfway between entertainment “of good taste,” theater and painting, the tableau vivant has, to some extent, an ambiguous artistic status, an ambiguity that it owes to its origins which associate it more with the amusement of the fashionable society and with amateur practice than with an artistic practice as such. Remediation (Bolter and Grusin) and interartiality (Moser) serve as operative concepts to examine and assess the relations between media and aesthetics at play in the tableau vivant, in order to elucidate its specificity as a medium and to precise the functions and the aesthetic effects of its reappropriation. Keeping our focus on the aesthetic device of the tableau (the Diderotian notion of picture), we first consider the tableau vivant as a medium through the history of its “interartial” relations – with mid-18th century theater, with turn-of- the-20th century literature and with post-1980 photography. This master’s thesis takes as its basis the analysis of Tableaux (2011, videogram, 20 min), a work by Quebecer artist Claudie Gagnon that has been presented at the Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal as part of the 2nd Triennale québécoise in 2011. This work borrows its form from that of the tableaux vivants and revives this citational practice by the use, most noticeably but not exclusively, of video. Then, through the analysis of three video pictures (tableaux vidéographiques) from Tableaux, we address in three operations of translation-transformation (remediation, artialization and theatricalization) the reappropriation of the tableau vivant as a strategy to generate a feeling of opacity.

Keyphrases: Tableau vivant, Claudie Gagnon, Art contemporain, Remediation, Interartiality, Contemporary art
L'impact du vieillissement neuroanatomique sur les ondes lentes du sommeil

Sleep slow waves (SW) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) reflect synchronous alternance between depolarization and hyperpolarisation states in many cortical neurons. As soon as in the middle-years of life (around 45-50 years old), sleep SW change considerably. In this master’s thesis, we investigated the role of cortical thinning in normal age-related changes in characteristics of sleep SW. Our results show that SW amplitude (µV) and density(nb/min) are linked to cortical thickness in many cerebral regions in young and older subjects. However, SW slope did not present significant associations with cortical thickness. Mediation analysis showed that specific thinning in right middle frontal and middle temporal gyri explained age-related changes in SW density, whereas thinning in a large-scale network of regions explained age-related changes in SW amplitude. As a whole, our results shows that thinning in cortical regions involved in SW generation and propagation are associated with age-related changes in sleep SW.

Keyphrases: sleep, normal aging, slow waves, synaptic homeostasis, cortical thickness, mediation analysis, electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging