NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Vivre la musique judéo-espagnole en France : de la collecte à la patrimonialisation, l’artiste et la communauté

The central question of this research follows the problematic of patrimonialization (heritization), performance and mise en scene of musical practices. It aims, more precisely, to understand how and why Judeo-Spanish people settled in France since the early twentieth century, use individual practices of professional musicians and singers who are predominantly external to the community to reclaim their collective musical patrimony and affirm their identity. The researcher returns to the past in order to understand how this musical repertoire was constructed, and how it came to be almost exclusive to the art world, even though it is still associated to with the traditional music repertoire. Moreover, in order to question the Judeo-Spanish nature of the music and determine what presently characterizes it, a multi-site ethnography of the artists and the community is proposed. Finally, with a view to understanding the meaning of these practices today different spaces of performance are examined, especially the interaction between the poles of production and reception, in a general context, and through an examination of the parameters of its performance practice. One of the conclusions reveals that the constant relationship between the artist and the community generates a new kind of space for family and that each space constitutes an inter-relational system, thus constructing an interactive equilibrium, which keeps the musical patrimony alive. In this way, it is the problematic of musical categories (e.g. popular music, traditional music, staged music), related to spaces of practice, which is interrogated.

Keyphrases: France, Artification, Performance, Judeo-Spanish, Patrimony, Heritage, Artist, Identity, Music, Safeguarding
Plateforme pour se protéger tant de soi-même que de ses "amis" sur Facebook

Social networks deal every day with millions of users (individuals or companies). They are directly affected by their rapid expansion. Some have developed a certain dependence on the use of social networks and even transform their everyday lifestyle. However, this craze for social networking is not always secure. It is obvious that their expansion promotes and serves the increase of online attacks. Social networks are an ideal opportunity for criminals and fraudsters to take advantage of users. They give access to millions of potential victims.  Threats coming from “friends” on social networks are numerous: cyberintimidation, fraud, criminal harassment, moral and physical threats, incitement to suicide, circulation of compromising contents, hatred promotions, etc. There is also a “very close friend” who could cause us problems with his behavior on social networks: ourselves. When a user discloses too much information about himself, it contributes unwittingly to attracting scammers who are continually looking for preys. This thesis presents a new approach to protect Facebook users. We created a platform based on two systems: Protect_U et Protect_UFF. The first system tries to protect users from themselves by analysing the content of their profiles and by suggesting a list of recommendations in order to reduce the publication of private information. The second system aims to protect users from their “friends” who have profiles presenting alarming symptoms (psychopaths, fraudsters, criminals, etc.) taking into account essentially three main parameters: narcissism, lack of emotions and aggressive behaviour.

Keyphrases: Facebook, Protect_U, Protect_UFF, Social Network, Privacy, Security, Psychopathic profile, Fraudster
La question de la sécession du Québec après l’avis consultatif de la CIJ du 22 juillet 2010 relative au Kosovo

This research studies the ICJ advisory opinion on the accordance with international law of the unilateral declaration of independence in respect of Kosovo delivered on 22 July 2010 and its probable impacts on the question of Quebec’s secession. Specifically, it examines the migration of constitutional ideas concerning the right to self-determination in the cases of Kosovo and Quebec. A comparative analysis of both situations is thereby undertaken. This thesis concludes to a non-violation of general international law by the ICJ in its opinion, Kosovo being an illustration of remedial secession. Nonetheless, our research leads us to assert an impossibility of transposition of the ICJ solution about the former Serbian province to the Quebec issue. However, the case is not closed as a migration of the spirit of the advisory opinion could take place, which would soften the position adopted by Canada, especially with the Clarity Act.

Keyphrases: Kosovo, Public international law, Right to self-determination, Secession, Migration of ideas, State recognition, Quebec, International court of justice
Sécurité polynomiale en cryptographie

In this work, we propose cryptographic protocols for key exchange, bit commitment and oblivious transfer. Our oblivious transfer protocol, universal cryptographic primitive for multipartie computation, is inspired from Merkle's key exchange protocol with puzzles, and improves on existing results. Then, we show that it's possible to build those same cryptographic primitives without the hypothesis of one-way functions, but with the 3SUM problem. This simple problem ---in a list of n integers, find three that sum is a desired value--- has a conjectured lower bound of Omega(n^2).

Keyphrases: Cryptography, Key exchange, Oblivious transfer, Bit commitment, 3SUM problem
Nur77 au sein des désordres dopaminergiques inhérents à la schizophrénie, la maladie de Parkinson ou la dépendance aux drogues d'abus

This thesis aims to better understand the role of the transcription factor Nur77 in the physiological and pathological functions of dopaminergic neurotransmission pathways of the basal gaglia. Based on a motor involvement of Nur77 in L-DOPA induced dyskinesias (LIDs), we wanted to test its possible involvement in the motor mechanisms associated with amphetamine, a drug of abuse that targets the direct neuronal population of the basal ganglia such as L-DOPA. Involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase C (PKC) has been widely demonstrated in the LIDs and the effects of amphetamine, we wanted to know whether Nur77 mRNA was controlled by these kinases in both the striatonigral and striataux palidal neurons in response to specific activation of the D1 and D2 receptors in vivo. Finally, a possible involvement of RXR has been demonstrated in the motor effects of antipsychotic drugs, so we wanted to test its potential involvement in the effects of amphetamine. To do this, we subjected wild-type mice and Nur77-/- mice to a paradigm of sensitization to amphetamine with or without RXR agonist (DHA) and antagonsite (HX531) to test: 1 - the involvement of Nur77 in the motor effects and the phenomenon of sensitization to amphetamine and 2 - the involvement of any complex Nur77/RXR in these effects. Second, wild-type mice were subjected to a combination of D1/D2 agonists or antagonists D2 with or without ERK inhibitor or PKC inhibitor to test in vivo the induction of the mRNA of the Nurs members family by in situ hybridization. We were able to demonstrate a role of Nur77 in the motor effects associated with amphetamine namely in the absence of stereotypy and a lengthening of the duration of the phase of locomotion in Nur77-/ - mice; and a possible role of the potential complex Nur77/RXR in D1 neurones needed to be better defined. In addition, it is clearly demonstrated that the induction of Nurs members mRNA responds to the activation of signaling cascades of dopaminergic D1 or D2 receptors within the involvement of PKC and ERK kinases is undubtable which opens us the way to a possible involvement of Nur77 in learning mechanisms associated with LIDs and amphetamine that are the Long Terme Potentiation (LTP) and the Long Terme Depotentialisation (LTD).

Keyphrases: Nur77, Rxr, Dopamine, L-DOPA, Antipsychotics, Amphetamine, Erk, Pkc, Ltp, Ltd
Modulation des souvenirs neutres et émotifs consolidés : rôle du stress et des hormones de stress

It has been suggested that when a consolidated memory trace is recalled (reactivated), it becomes active and sensitive to modifications before stabilizing again in the long-term memory system. We have recently demonstrated that when the reactivation of a negative memory is followed by exposition to a psychosocial stressor, the memory for the negative material is enhanced in a long-lasting manner. Based on these results, the goal of this thesis is to clarify the role of physiological (stress hormones) and psychological stress on the modulation of reactivated memories. More precisely, the first study aimed to determine whether cortisol, a major stress hormone, is a key player in the modulation of reactivated memories. To do so, we have pharmacologically inhibited cortisol levels at the time of reactivating a memory composed of neutral and negative segments. Results showed that the reactivation of the negative material is decreased when cortisol levels are inhibited and this effect is still present four days later. Given that the stimuli used so far have a weak ecological validity, we wanted to determine whether other types of memories could also be modified upon their reactivation. The goal of the second study was to examine whether collective autobiographical memories were sensitive to the effects of stress at the time of reactivation. To do so, we have exposed participants to real newspaper excerpts, either neutral or negative, in order to reactivate the collective memories associated to these events. We have then exposed all the participants to a psychosocial stressor and their memory for the excerpts was assessed the following day. Results showed that women who have read negative news excerpts had a more pronounced physiological reactivity to the stressor and an increased memory for these news the following day. This phenomenon, however, was not observed in men. The goal of the third study was to determine whether personal autobiographical memories were sensitive to the effects of stress at the time of their reactivation. We have asked participants to recall two personal events, either negative or neutral. We then exposed them to a stressor and their memory for these events was tested the following day. The results showed that reactivated personal autobiographical memories were not sensitive to stress. Globally, the results of this thesis show that cortisol has the capacity to modulate reactivated negative memories, but that the nature (extrinsic vs. intrinsic) and the intensity of the memories are determining factors for this phenomenon to occur.

Keyphrases: stress, cortisol, episodic memory, autobiographical memory, memory reactivation, stress, cortisol, emotions, sex differences
Des femmes se souviennent, d'autres se taisent : incorporation et transmission de la mémoire post-conflictuelle : le cas de Cayara, Pérou

For the last two decades, Peru has fallen into a stream of political violence, opposing subversive groups, as the Shining Path, to the Peruvian army. This conflict has caused the disappearance of 70 000 people, mostly Andean quechuaphone peasants. To survive, they had to flee, and give up their land to migrate in big urban centers where adaptation was never easy. Thus we observe, from the 90s, especially with the Fujimori's repopulation policy, a return of peasants to their community. This return, and the migration it involves, has created a new dynamic in the communities and has disturbed social relations. Trust and social ties have been broken and replaced by a resentment that fractures the organization of the communities, mostly the community of Cavara. The burden of trauma has pushed Cavarinos into silence, a silence that does not mean forgetting, but whose function is to protect future generations from the horrors of the past.  Dealing with suffering caused by violence supposes a way of handling memory. This silent, traumatized memory, is opposed to an active memory that operates in the city of Ayacucho.   As men represent 80% of those lost, women had to take charge of running the communities by taking new responsabilities. Women who fought to bring back peace by denouncing the horrors committed in the past. Women who today fight to preserve the memory of the conflict, to prevent its repetition. In conrast to the silence of the peasant communities, the women of Ayacucho are actively implicated, in a way that leads me to think that memory transmission happens through a specialization that we would describe as a living, feminine memory. We would qualifie it as a living memory, a feminine memory.

Keyphrases: Violence, Silence, ANFASEP, Memory, Feminin memory, Silence, Trauma, Migration, Peru
La letra con refranes entra : el Quijote para la enseñanza de ELE

The main purpose of the present investigation is to establish a link between proverbs of the Quixote and Spanish second language teaching. First, to define better the use of paremias through centuries, we observe its origin in relation with its oral aspects and the written culture, linked with the Bible. Moreover, we consider necessary to define clearly the different terms used in paremiology, just as paremia, the Spanish refrán and the proverb. This terminological clarification is important in the learning process of a new language, for example to help not doing false associations between maternal and learned language. The proposed definition of the refrán is based on a matrix of features essential or optional. Moreover, to actualize these notions, we present the space occupied by proverbs nowadays. Facing the lack of investigations about the use of proverbs in Quebec, we realized a survey with Quebec students from cégeps so to know their opinion and use. About the relation between proverbs and Spanish stranger language teaching, we observe that those types of sentences are not introduced deeply in official documents, like the Marco común europeo de referencia (2002), the Plan curricular del Instituto Cervantes (2005) and the Español, lengua tercera del Ministère de l’éducation, du loisir et du sport de Quebec (MELS). This presence not very active is noted by the little importance given to them in Spanish manuals. The inclusion of literature in Spanish second language teaching, as a didactic potential, has been generally little considered. The corpus of our investigation, selected from Don Quixote novel, serves us to know the link between proverbs, literature and Spanish second language teaching, presenting the proverbs as a literature genre, thanks to the range of activities, with the objective that they may be reconsidered according to their valor, since the first levels of teaching.   Key Words: Spanish Second Language Teaching, Literature, the Quixote, Proverbs (the Spanish refrán), Activities

Keyphrases: Spanish Second Language Teaching, Literature, The Quixote, Proverbs (the Spanish refrán), Activities
Réflexion sociologique sur des problèmes d’éducation, de l’apprentissage des normes et des valeurs à l’invention culturelle chez les enfants du primaire

Discussing educational problems in sociology is difficult without once again defining expressions such as « socialisation », « norms », « values » and without considering the relationships between the past and the future nor questioning the sociologists’ role in society. Our work intends to expose the debates regarding these delicate questions while suggesting other ideas that may further develop the reflection on that matter. Thus, through a field study involving primary school children, we shall bring forth what we label as cultural issues which solving depends on the human innovation capacity. Considering unwholesome practices hazardous to innovation’s development, we shall reflect upon the conditions for the safeguard of the human social life.

Keyphrases: norms, social issues
Logique d'action et quête de sens : le risque en protection de l'enfance

The following research concerns the risk management in the matter of decision-making concerning child protection. The object is a better understanding of the practice through the construction of logics of action engaged by professionals as well as reflections on the meaning they attach to their actions.  The research is supported by a constructivist posture: professionals “built up” the child problematic situation as well as they “built up” the situation. Base on combination of reflexivity (Schön; Racine; Giddens) and ethical deliberation (Bossé, Morin and Dallaire), focus groups took place involving professionals of different positions at the Youth Protection Center in the Eastern Township area.  Those groups involved a qualitative methodology including actor’s speech and are accompanied by individuals interviews as a complementary data collection. The data were explored by content analysis in three axes (Van der Maren): a horizontal analysis (identify major’s elements with ethical deliberation frame work), a vertical analysis (identify interactions and influences in the focus groups) and a cross-sectorial analysis (identify nucleus of meaning and logic of action through speech).  The results allow establishing sequences in decision making of professionals from which to build the logic of action. Three approaches have emerged from content analysis ⎯ collaborative, deliberative, legalistic ⎯ which are based upon several dimensions grouped into three areas of interest: the relation to the mandate of protection, compared to the situation and report at risk. Beyond the logic themselves, the results also reflect elements of process that influence decision making. These factors point to explore and question the professional posture and belief, dialogue and space translation and the contribution of collective deliberation.  Ultimately, the research helps to reaffirm the complexity of the practice of child protection but it also leads to argue for an awareness of the practice. Identify logical action provides key reflexivity for professionals leading them to their awareness and decision-making and access to risk management fair and justified.

Keyphrases: youth protection, risk management, reflexivity, ethical deliberation, logic of action
Uranium à Sept-Îles : ethnographie d'un refus. Essai de résistance populaire

This thesis focuses on a social critical phenomenon that recently has gained in importance in Quebec: the rise of popular resistance groups against the exploitations of natural resources. Based on an empirical study, the author explores the questions of collective struggles and highlights the various modalities of commitments that, by their structures and compositions, of "expert systems", are reflected in the public space that, slowly, becomes an important factor in the political arena. The dynamics of these resistance movements also tend to influence upstream development projects and to materialize downstream, in the early stages of territorial appropriation, that is to say, the first exploratory work as such. Based on the observation of Terra Ventures project on Quebec’s North-Shore uranium explorations, the author focuses on the multiple collective references that are all perspectives of understanding for this phenomenon. Through the study of this popular resistance, specifically in the city of Sept-Îles, which has emerged against the explorative project, it is the Quebec mining industry, its history, its myths, and its memory that appear as a fundamental landmark.

Keyphrases: Popular resistance, mining industry, fieldwork, sociology of Quebec
Parentalité précoce et scolarité : l'effet de la trajectoire parentale sur l'obtention du diplôme

Although many studies on teenage parenthood have been realized, little research examined the effect of parental trajectories on school graduation. The aim of this study is to better understand how teen parents' life trajectories influenced the probability of getting a diploma. Obviously, young parents have higher risk of not being graduated of high school before their 20 years old. However, we support that teen parents' life trajectories are different for each. In consequence the probability of getting a diploma can be modified. Based on data from the Youth in Transition Survey collected between 2000 and 2007, our results from regression analyses suggest that the simple fact of being a teenage parent does not explain all consequences on school graduation. The probability of getting a diploma would rather be influenced by teen parents' life trajectories. Additionally, results suggest that instable and early parenthood contribute to the likelihood of not being graduated at 23 years old. Our result shows that early parenthood has to be analyzed differently and a combination between precocity and instability help to better understand the effects of adolescent parenthood on diplomation. An association between academic performances at 15 years old and the level of education at 23 years old was also found, which may explain why this association may influences the probability of getting a diploma.

Keyphrases: teen pregnancy, teen birth, early parenthood, teen parents' life trajectories, school interruption, school trajectories
Le plan-séquence chez Kenji Mizoguchi

This research focuses on the film language (or mode of representation) chosen by Mizoguchi in contrast to the Hollywood classical style. Our hypothesis is that Mizoguchi’s refusal to resort to traditional cutting and close-up would give the viewer an experience of perception that would tend to be get closer to the one experienced by a stage audience or viewers witnessing an action taking place in our physical world.  Mizoguchi made his entry into the profession in the early 20s. At that time, Japanese cinema just recently became a new art by leaving its status of a mere capture of theatrical performances. The Japanese film industry was being incubated with various Western influences. We will focus specifically on stylistic issues from the moment the Japanese cinema engages in talkies by imitating the Hollywood classical style. This dominant style became a standard practice which Mizoguchi decided not to follow to prefer sequence-shots. The long takes style was to be later praised by Bazin for its neutrality and objectivity when he discovered Welles and Wyler after the Second World War.  Through analysis of film excerpts, we compare Mizoguchi’s sequence-shots with cutting that would usually take place with the Hollywood classical style. This is to discuss the issues of realism and theatrics raised by Bazin.

Keyphrases: Hollywood classical style, sequence-shot, film language, Hollywood classical style, realism, theatrics