NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'écriture de la honte chez Violette Leduc et Annie Ernaux

Contemporary French women’s literature offers us a considerable number of autobiographical or autofictional texts presenting various types and degrees of self-exposure, by which the authors openly reveal their shameful, traumatic and taboo experiences. Violette Leduc and Annie Ernaux are more than representative of this aesthetic that many critics have described as obscene and shameless. But is this aesthetic as shameless as others have affirmed? This dissertation aims to study the writing of shame in L’Asphyxie, La Bâtarde, La Honte and Mémoire de fille, works in which both women writers share the shame that haunts them: that of their body and their social status. If I first dwell on the analysis of this affect’s representations in its corporeal and social dimensions, I will also be interested in its literary and aesthetic aspects. Indeed, if shame finds different representations within the texts, it can also be expressed by different stylistic devices. Moreover, does the writing of shame allow a transcendence of this affect? Or, on the contrary, does it entail a confinement within shame? I will be answering these questions by demonstrating, in the end, that the authors both use performative strategies: through an aesthetic that oscillates between timidity and shamelessness, self-effacement and self-exposure, it is in this scriptural in-between that Leduc and Ernaux manage to perform their shame and to find a voice of their own.

Keyphrases: Violette Leduc, Annie Ernaux, Honte, Performance, Shame, Women's Writing, French Literature
La versatilité historique des belles infidèles : étude comparative des traductions de Montolieu et Letorsay du roman Persuasion de Jane Austen

The present memoir deals with two translations of the novel Persuasion by Jane Austen. Published at both ends of the nineteenth century, Isabelle de Montolieu and Mme Letorsay’s translations offer significant differences touching the sens of the text. La famille Elliot ou l’ancienne inclination and Persuasion were edited respectively in 1821 and 1882. This study relies on sociocritic of texts to analyze the translations one in comparison with the other, with the original text in English as a reference. The similarities, differences and specificities of the translations depend on the social semiosis which surround their publishing. Thus, the conservatism that follows the First and Second Empire illustrates itself by the adaptation of the original novel’s content. The co-dependent link which is installed between each translation and its social semiosis actualizes Jane Austen’s works. Furthermore, the comparison of the only two French translations of Persuasion throughout the nineteenth century allows to observe the evolution of the norms of translating.

Keyphrases: Jane Austen, Isabelle de Montolieu, Mme Letorsay, Translation, Sociocritic
Formes et intensité de la pression sociale dans Enfance de Nathalie Sarraute

In 1983, Nathalie Sarraute publishes Enfance, a novel which, by the account of various events in the narrator’s life, thematises several forms and representations of authority, constituting the focus of this research which is founded in sociocriticism. Indeed, it examines the peculiarities of Sarrautean writing and the way in which she proceeds to question the development of interindividual and familial relations, while working a “déjà-là” (Claude Duchet), composed of societal diktats, doxic fragments (issued from received opinions), as well as injunction speeches, disseminated by tradition, family, culture, education, or a certain literature. Using several methods to describe texts (narratology, rhetoric, interdiscursive reading) by means of close reading, the novel’s analysis proves that the work adopts a critical angle, demonstrating that authoritarianism infiltrates common and familiar language so entirely that it affects peoples’ intimate lives. It also permits to emphasize that Sarraute’s novelistic writing assumes a heritage stemming from the May 68 crisis, and that it opens a discussion about the possibility of witnessing the emergence of individual emancipatory projects, especially for women, capable of facing all kinds of power dynamics, from the 1960s to today.

Keyphrases: Nathalie Sarraute, Enfance, Literature, Sociocriticism, Childhood narrative, Authority, Interindividual relations
Historisation, mythe et reconnaissance identitaire dans Ce qu’il reste de moi de Monique Proulx

Monique Proulx is a Quebec author known among others for her appreciation of Montreal’s diversity. The back cover of her novel Ce qu’il reste de moi (2015) mentions that Montrealers coming from different backgrounds have in common that feeling of fervour which lays in the soil of Montreal. Considering that this novel proposes a common denominator to Montrealers, it raises the question of the conditions of the political management of the “vivre-ensemble” in a multicultural or intercultural context. This thesis aims to analyse the way the political management of the “vivre-ensemble” is told in Monique Proulx’s novel. This work draws on Gérard Bouchard’s works L’interculturalisme, un point de vue québécois (2012) and Raison et déraison du mythe (2014), along with Paul Ricœur’s theory on identity and recognition as it is outlined in Parcours de la reconnaissance : Trois études (2004). By comparing these theories to Proulx’s fiction, this thesis tries to determine the way the social link is depicted in Ce qu’il reste de moi. It appears that the novel can indeed be read as a proposition on the collective level, in so far as it presents a citizen whose main characteristic is to be particularly opened towards differences in identity by linking Montreal’s colonial period to characters whose stories unfold in our current period in time (around the year 2000). This work will also highlight the limits of such a proposition.

Keyphrases: vivre-ensemble, interculturalisme, mythe, reconnaissance, politics, multiculturalism, interculturalism, myth, recognition, identity, historization, memory, language
L’intermédialité autochtone dans l’oeuvre de Natasha Kanapé Fontaine : mémoire, oralité et territoire

This master’s thesis explores the notion of indigenous intermediality in the work of Natasha Kanapé Fontaine. The interweaving between media will be our starting point for thinking about aesthetic issues in today’s First Nations art. Through the analysis of the artist’s representation of one media in another, we will discuss reactualization of oral traditions such as storytelling, myth, song and drumming in her productions. We will demonstrate how these intermedial structures highlight both memories as well as ancestral knowledge. The connection between cultural identity and territory will also be discussed in the perspective of intermedial representation. Thus, the phenomena of affirmation and reactualization of knowledge are put into application through the use of various media. As a result, environmental and cultural resistance as well as neo-orality are at the core of the artists work and are expressed through territories real, imaginary or as represented in various medias.

Keyphrases: Natasha Kanapé Fontaine, Innus, Transmission culturelle, First nations literature in Quebec, Indigenous intermediality, Orality, Cultural transmission, Memory, Territory
Japanese Macbeth : Shakespeare's role on the international stage

Western scholars very rarely study Shakespeare in the Japanese sociocultural context, even though there is a vastly untouched plethora of knowledge pertaining to modern Shakespearean adaptations in the East. This thesis focuses on two seemingly distinct theatrical styles: Jacobean and Noh. While Shakespeare’s original theatre has disappeared from the West, Japan has a similar traditional theatre in which his plays can be adapted. In truth, Noh theatre lends itself well to Shakespeare’s rich characterisations and beautiful prose. To establish a concrete link between the two styles, I will examine a modern Noh play, entitled Noh Macbeth directed by Noriko Izumi (2006), and analyse it from the point of view of adaptation, culture, and history. Shakespeare’s original text of Macbeth is also understudy, in its historical and political context. By the end of this thesis, the reader will notice how Shakespearean adaptations on the Noh stage offer new insights into the Bard’s plays, as well as how Japan’s cultural richness can be combined with Shakespeare’s world-renown fame to create a different and enriching experience of his plays.

Keyphrases: Shakespeare, theatre, early modern, Japan, Japanese theatre, Elizabethan theatre, Macbeth
Les conflits sévères de séparation : les ajustements à la pratique habituelle des intervenants en protection de la jeunesse

Emotional maltreatment (EM) is one of the most common forms of abuse and its impact on children is at least as harmful as those associated with other forms of abuse (Egeland, 2009). Since 2007, psychological ill-treatment has been added in the Youth Protection Act in Quebec. The child's exposure to persistent parental separation conflicts can be considered as a form of EM and thus justifies the application of the YPA. Since this inclusion, practitioners who have therefore had to adjust their usual practice have raised challenges specific to this problematic. This is the case when they intervene in a context of persistent parental separation conflict. This memoir aims to answer the present question: What are the adjustments to the usual practice of youth protection workers when they are involved with a child exposed to persistent parental separation conflict ? The data used in this research are from a previous study, Malo, Moreau, Hélie et al. (2015), Les mauvais traitements psychologiques envers les enfants québécois, 2007-2010. More specifically, it is a qualitative analysis of the situations reported by 18 participants from three youth centers in Quebec while they intervene in a context of persistent parental separation conflict. The results present adjustments to the usual practice that these participants had to put in place when they intervened in this context. The discussion highlights the particularities of these interventions, including the increased intensity that needs to be deployed in such a context. The implications of these findings for research and practice are also discussed.

Keyphrases: Mauvais traitements psychologiques, Intervention, Emotional maltreatment, Psychological ill treatment, Exposure to persistent high conflict, Child protection workers, Practice
L'intégration différenciée à l’emploi au Québec chez les immigrantes issues de l’Afrique subsaharienne francophone et non francophone, et des Antilles francophones et non francophones

With (in 2011) 20.6% of its population being foreign-born, Canada ranks first among the G8 countries according to this indicator. The province of Quebec represents 14.4% of the foreign-born population living in Canada in 2011. This province ranks third after the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The issue of immigrant integration is therefore a major challenge for governments, as it conditions their contribution to the socio-economic development of the country. Nevertheless, the labor market situation of Quebec immigrants is more problematic than elsewhere in Canada, and in particular that of immigrant women from visible minorities. Using data from the 2011 Canadian Household Survey, this study aims to compare and analyze the integration of four groups of women: those born in french-speaking sub-Saharan Africa, in not-french-speaking sub-Saharan Africa, in the french-speaking West Indies, and in the not-french-speaking West Indies (while comparing them to women born elsewhere). To achieve this, two methods of analysis are used. On the one hand, a descriptive analysis that crosses all explanatory variables of the study with the dependent variable. On the other hand, a logistic regression analysis that tests the chance of being in employment.  The results of these analyses show that women born in the French-speaking West Indies are generally more likely to be employed on the Quebec job market compared to women born in french-speaking sub-Saharan Africa, non-french-speaking sub-Saharan Africa and the non-french-speaking West Indies. In addition, the results show that factors such as age, age at immigration, number of years lived in Canada, level and place of education, knowledge of official languages, mother tongue, first language spoken at home, age of the youngest child, religion, and region of residence, influence the odds of being employed in Quebec for our target population.

Keyphrases: immigration, integration, employment, women, visible minorities, blacks, Quebec
Fécondité prénuptiale parmi les femmes au Cameroun : examen des effets du contexte socioculturel et du statut socioéconomique

Research studies on factors associated with premarital fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa and Cameroon are limited. Recent literature has focused mainly on the socio-demographic and health consequences of having a child before and outside of marriage and the impact on the mother and the child well-being. Our study focuses on identifying the factors associated to premarital fertility in Cameroon, based on combined data from the 2004 and 2011 of the Demographic Health Survey (DHS). We examine the trend of premarital fertility, and identify factors associated to the socio-cultural context (region and religion) and the socio-economic status (standard of living of the household, place of residence, and level of education). The control variables of our models of regression are demographic characteristics of the women including age group, contraceptive use, and year of survey. Our study sample is composed women aged less than 35 years old, and the level of premarital fertility is measured by the probability of having a first premarital child before 25. The results from the descriptive analysis shows that around 22% women aged less than 35 years old at the survey are at risk of having a first child before the age of 25. This level of premarital fertility is 12% higher among women born in younger cohorts (1985-1989), compared to women born in older cohorts (1975-1979 and 1980-1984). Taking into account the demographic characteristics of women, the multivariate analysis, based on the regression model in presence of competing risks of Fine and Gray, shows that women living in northern regions and urban areas, Muslim, educated with a secondary level of education or more are less likely to have a first child before marriage before the age of 25. The household standard of living is not statistically correlated to premarital fertility. In Cameroon, the age at first marriage is increasing, becoming a mother contributes to raising the social status of women, and the use of contraception is not widespread. In this context, the new family dynamics are more and more characterized by a dissociation of fertility and marriage in Cameroon. Those are mainly rooted in the permissive social context of prenuptial sex in Sub-Saharan Africa. Policies aimed at reducing the negative effects of premarital fertility on the well-being of the mother and the child should take into account the socio-cultural characteristics of women in Sub-Saharan African countries. Our study also highlights the need to further researches on the factors associated with premarital fertility using other sources of data than DHS retrospective surveys, such as longitudinal or qualitative surveys, to increase the quality of data collected on the marital and the birth history of women in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Keyphrases: Cameroon, Cumulative probability, Fine and Gray, Premarital fertility
Continuité ou rupture? : les comportements matrimoniaux au Canada, 1852-1921 : une analyse comparative ethnoreligieuse

Is there a link between ethnic origin and nuptiality, within late-19th century Canada ? This is the main question which this thesis aims to answer. Thus, we compare nuptiality trends among diverse ethnic groups within the province of Québec and the rest of Canada between 1852 and 1921. This comparison uses data provided by the North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP), the Canadian Families Project (CFP), and the Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH). The singulate mean age at marriage and proportions single at 50 years of age is analyzed, with particular attention to religious and ethnic differences. Furthermore, with the help of a complete-count database of the 1881 Census of Canada, which provides large case counts even for small population subgroups, we compare the relative risk of having lived a first marriage across space and among ethno-religious groups. This exploration will help us understand if there is a cultural model of nuptiality in late 19th century Canada. One ethno-religious group in particular, French Catholic persons living in Québec and across Canada, will be used as the main comparison, since multiple research papers in historical demography have focused on this population subgroup. In addition, we study methodological and conceptual issues relating to the study of nuptiality with census data. In conclusion, this thesis shows that distinctive French catholic marriage patterns exist even outside of Quebec. Nevertheless, these patterns vary within regions, due to effect high levels of international and interprovincial migration.  Furthermore, this thesis shows that Canadian marriage patterns were not stable between 1852 and 1921.

Keyphrases: Origine ethnique, Canada, Québec, Ethnic origin, 19th century, Quebec, Marriage, Nuptiality, Celibacy
L’intervention sociojudiciaire et socioprotectionnelle en contexte atikamekw : étude des représentations des intervenants

Our study focuses on the representations of practioners from state and community organizations who work with Atikamekw Nehirowisiw in the field of delinquency and child welfare. The general objective is to analyze and contrast these representations both towards the practices of intervention as to their impacts. The results generated by the analysis of ten interviews come to underline that the intervention in both fields, delinquency and child welfare, is shaped by some adaptations on behalf of the actors inserted into state structures and are questioned, on behalf of the Atikamewk who request more autonomy. The delinquency intervention is the least empowered sector while that of the child welfare became autonomous even if state legal framework still frames the system of intervention of atikamekw authority. It emerges from our analysis that the conceptions of intervention, whether it is in delinquency or in child welfare, stay very different according to the ethnic origin. In short, our study comes to confirm that the aboriginal legal traditions are alive and registered in an irreversible movement of revitalization.

Keyphrases: Culture, Atikamekw, Manawan, Delinquency and child welfare, Crime, Youth protection, Social representation, Aboriginal law
La sexualité des femmes auteures de violences sexuelles

Although knowledge about female sexual offenders has become more extensive in recent years, their sexuality and the role it plays in their offenses are still unknown. There are only a few studies about the female sexual offenders’ sexuality and they do not consider the gender-specificity of their sexuality.   Objective: The goal of this study was to know and understand the female sexual offenders’ sexuality in all its dimensions. With this exploratory study, we wanted to better understand the elements that characterize their sexuality and the links among them.   Method: To achieve this goal, 8 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women sexual offenders, incarcerated in France for a sexual offense.   Results: The results show that all the participants reported they did not have a sexual education, a majority reported a bad first sexual experience and all had unhealthy romantic relationships in adulthood characterized with sexual submission and sexual victimization. The data show also a specific link between love and sexuality with a confusion between these two elements for some of the women. Finally, the majority of the women sexual offenders had a negative experience and image of the sexuality.

Keyphrases: Sexual offense, Female sexual offenders, Sexuality, Ground theory
Le processus de passage à l'acte homicide chez les femmes

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand how women come to commit homicide, more particularly, the offence-process by which the female lethal violence occurs. Method: To reach this goal, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight French-speaking women sentenced for homicide. They were either incarcerated or released on parole. The participants were interviewed at the Joliette Institution for women or in the community. Then, the interviews were transcribed and organized by means of the software NVivo. The data was analyzed according to the grounded theory data-analysis method. Results: The results allowed to develop the first descriptive model of women’s family and nonfamily homicide. This model is divided in four phases. The first phase focuses on the adverse life trajectories of the female perpetrators of homicide, from childhood to adulthood. These trajectories are characterized by victimizations as well as personal and relationship difficulties. The second phase relates to the period preceding the offence. This phase includes repeated exposure to hardship, accumulation of interiorized sufferings, lack of problem-solving skills and angry outburst leading to the decision of committing homicide. The third phase describes the progress of the offence according to an explicit planning or a spontaneous decision. Finally, the last phase traces the evolution of the female homicide perpetrators’ reactions, in the moments following the offence and on a longer-term. The results indicate similarities between the women having committed homicide and women having committed a not-lethal act of violence, including the history of abuse. However, the model also highlights specificity to the female perpetrator of lethal violence, when they are compared with female perpetrator of general violence, which is the tendency to generally abide to a conventional lifestyle.

Keyphrases: Homicide, Homicide conjugal, Infanticide, Violence, Female offender, Female intimate partner homicide