NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'équivalence entre le local-réalisme et le principe de non-signalement

This thesis by articles refutes the largely held belief among physicists that quantum physics cannot be local-realistic. We do this by showing the equivalence between local realism and the impossibility of communicating instantaneously. The first article concerns the Popescu-Rorhlich box. This box is a toy model maximally breaking a Bell inequality. A local-realistic interpretation of the Popescu-Rorhlich box is presented. This interpretation is based on Everett’s many-world interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is the simplest possible proof that a theory can be local-realistic, and yet impossible to describe by local hidden variables. A response to the EinsteinPodolsky-Rosen argument is also given. In the second article, a formal definition of local realism is given, as well as a formal definition of a no-signalling operational theory. The philosophical thesis that these formal definitions correspond to the intuitive notions is presented. We prove that every local-realistic theory is no-signalling. Under the hypothesis of reversible dynamics, we also prove that every no-signalling theory has a local-realistic model. A corollary is the existence of a local-realistic model for quantum mechanics. Lastly, in the third article, we prove that the universal wavefunction of quantum theory cannot be a complete description of local reality. This leads to the necessity of completing quantum theory, which Einstein dreamt of. To do this, we develop a localrealistic model for quantum mechanics built around matrix calculus.

Keyphrases: Bell's theorem, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument, Everett's theory, Locality, No-signalling, Quantum theory, Realism
Cannabis et craving induit par des stimuli chez des sujets dépendants à la cocaïne

Objectives: The main goal is to assess the feasibility of using a cue-reactivity paradigm in the context of functional neuroimaging (fMRI) to compare craving induction between two groups of active users; a group of cocaine-dependent subjects (GC; n = 12) and a cocaine-dependent and cannabis users group (GCM; n = 16). Secondary goals are to compare craving induction between groups, associated brain activation patterns, and then to correlate cerebral activations to craving. Method: A standard cue-reactivity paradigm was used in an fMRI context. We presented neutral and cocaine-related cues using two video sequences. Subjective measurements of craving were obtained before and after each block using the visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Induction of craving was achieved in these two groups, with no significant difference between them. We observed an increase in PRE-video VAS scores over time during the cocaine video in the GCM. We observed a significant activation of the left parietal lobule, GC > GCM, without correlation with subjective craving. Conclusion: These results suggest that adaptations of standard measurements of craving evaluation are probably necessary when active users are studied, particularly in the context of co-substance use. The deficit in craving decay in the GCM and the difference in cerebral activation at the parietal level could be associated with a modulation effect from cannabis, but other studies are needed.

Keyphrases: Cannabis, Craving, Neuroimaging
Occupation parentale et le risque de la survenue de la maladie de Crohn

Background and Objectives Although environmental risk factors are known to contribute to risk for Crohn’s disease (CD), the precise nature of these risk factors in particular in children remains unknown. Indirect exposure to environmental toxins via the parents’ occupation has been reported to be associated with disease such as asthma and leukemia in children. We examined this hypothesis in the context of susceptibility for CD. The major objective of the study was thus to: Examine the association between parental occupation and risk for CD in children Methods We carried out a case-control study based on children diagnosed with CD (prior to age 20) at a tertiary care gastroenterology clinic in Montreal (Sainte-Justine Hospital), Canada. Controls were children visiting the orthopedic clinics of the same hospital for the treatment of minor trauma. Information on occupations held by the father and/or mother were acquired by interview using a structured questionnaire. For each job held prior to the date of diagnosis (for the cases) or prior to the date of recruitment (for controls), details on the job title, dates when the job was held, whether it was full-time or part-time, the main tasks performed, etc. were acquired. Jobs were coded using the Canadian National Occupational Classification for Statistics (NOC-S). Logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between each NOC-S code and risk for CD. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI (confidence intervals) were estimated. Results A total of 408 cases and 285 controls were studied. The mean (±SD) age of the cases was 12.4 (±3.2) was not different from that of the controls 10.5 (±4.9). Gender and ethnicity was equally distributed between the comparison groups. Cases were more likely than controls to have a history of autoimmunity. Logistic regression analysis for 4-coded occupations suggested that children whose fathers worked as senior managers in trade, broadcasting and other services (OR=2.44, 95% CI=1.0-6.0, p-value=0.05) and as retail salespersons/sales clerks (OR=3.3; 95% CI=1.1-9.9, p-value=0.03), were more likely to be at risk for CD. Children whose mothers worked as secretaries (OR=3.41; 95% CI=1.81-6.42, p-value<0.001), were more likely whereas those who worked customer service/information/related clerks (OR=2.81, 95% CI=0.9-8.8, p-value=0.07) or as childhood educator/assistant (OR=2.31, 95% CI=0.96-5.62, p-value=0.06) were less likely to be at risk for CD. Conclusions Some parental occupations appear to confer higher or lower risk for CD in children. Further studies to quantify related factors that may mediate susceptibility for CD are required.

Keyphrases: Occupation parentale, Parental occupation, Crohn’s disease, Child, Environmental factor, Epidemiology, Case-control study
Le rôle de l'autophagie et de la sénescence dans la fibrose induit par la radiothérapie : implications cliniques en reconstruction mammaire prothétique

The most common complication of irradiated implant-based mammary reconstruction is fibrosis and capsular contracture. The indications for post mastectomy adjuvant radiotherapy have significantly broadened. Facing an increased number of patients who will require radiotherapy, most guidelines recommend delaying reconstruction after radiotherapy to prevent long-term fibrotic complications. Does radiotherapy permanently alter cellular properties which will adversely affect implant-based reconstruction? If so, is there a benefit in delaying reconstruction after radiotherapy? Our in-vitro model simulates two implant-based mammary reconstruction approaches: the irradiated implant and the delayed implant reconstruction beneath healthy un-irradiated tissue post radiotherapy. We performed cell culture of fibroblasts and endothelial cells, in an attempt to simulate these two surgical conditions. Irradiated fibroblasts simulate the capsular tissue seen around the breast-implant. The delayed reconstruction approach is simulated by nonirradiated fibroblasts conditioned with supernatant culture media obtained from irradiated endothelial cells. Autophagy was induced by serum starvation. Senescence activation was measured through the protein marker p16 by Western Blot and histological β-Galactosidase staining. The decrease in p62 protein marker levels was used as a marker for autophagy activation. Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF), a potent fibrotic activator, was measured in Wi38 and HUVEC cell lines. The protein marker for myofibroblast différentiation used is αSMA. Tubuline-A was used as a loading control for Western Blots. Irradiation induced fibrosis through fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, as demonstrated by increased α-smooth-muscle actin (αSMA) levels in fibroblasts. This constitutes iv the basis for scar tissue contraction observed in irradiated implant-based breast reconstruction. Irradiation of endothelial cells induced irreversible cell cycle arrest known as senescence and secretion of the pro-fibrotic connective tissue growth factor. Non-irradiated fibroblasts conditioned with culture media obtained from irradiated endothelial cells exhibited myofibroblast differentiation and expression of fibrotic phenotype akin to capsular contracture. We did not observe autophagy activation secondary to irradiation in our system. Our results demonstrate that radiotherapy causes irreversible cellular changes which permanently alter the microenvironment in favor of fibrosis. Given that these changes are permanent, delaying reconstruction does not present an advantage in preventing capsular contracture.

Keyphrases: Delay, Implant-based mammary reconstruction, Radiotherapy, Fibrosis, Senescence, Autophagy
Analyse de la conduction acoustique transcrânienne par voie osseuse

Objectives:  1) To study the propagation of sound waves in the skull to analyze the preferential pathways of sound transmission and their propagation properties; and  2) To identify the location(s) on the skull where bone conduction to the cochlea is optimal. Methods: Nine cadaveric heads were placed in an anechoic chamber and equipped with six Bone Anchored Hearing Aids (BAHA™) implants and fifteen accelerometers. A laser velocimeter was used to measure cochlear response by placing a reflector on the round window. Different frequency sweeps were applied to each implant and measurements were recorded simultaneously by the laser velocimeter and accelerometers. Results: Low frequency sound waves mostly travel the frontal transmission pathways and there is no clear predominant pattern for the high frequencies. The mean inter-aural time lag is 0.1 ms. Optimal sound transmission to the cochlea occurs between 1000 and 2500Hz with a contralateral 5 to 10 dB attenuation. The implant location does not influence mean transmission to the cochlea.  Conclusion: There is a pattern of transmission for low frequencies through a frontal pathway but none for high frequencies. We were also able to demonstrate that the localization of the BAHA™ implant on the skull had no significant impact on the sound transmission, either ipsi or contralaterally.

Keyphrases: Otology, Sound Transmission, Acoustic, Bone conduction
Utilisation des citations pour le résumé automatique de la contribution d'articles scientifiques

The goals of this thesis are to build and improve tools for  the scientific community.  One of the tasks of a researcher is to read  scientific papers,  in order to compare them, identify new problems, place  the work within the current literature or define new research proposals. We applied, combined and modified techniques of automatic summarization  for the scientific literature. The underlying idea is to build the summary from the information that other  researchers retained from a given paper called a reference paper. More particularly, the text of citations towards the reference paper is used for the base of the summary. The summary of the reference paper will thus be built from the analysis from  several others who quote it. A citation is an element which another author (or the same) remembered from reading the paper. Inside a citation, there is a description of the links between  several papers. This information was not available when writing the original paper,  it thus adds a level of interpretation to the paper. It gives an indication of the contribution of the paper to the  scientific community. The set of citations reflects the opinion  of the scientific community (community insight). To build the summary of a paper, we find papers which  reference to it.  For this, we use a RDF database built from the data from  the ACL Anthology Network. Then citations are extracted and classified according to their rhetorical context. To build the summary, we use a Maximal Marginal Relevance based technique to  choose sentences among citations  while avoiding the redundancy. Finally, the summary is improved by adding extracts from the original text.

Keyphrases: Computer science, Linguistic, Natural language, Automatic summarization, Scientific paper analysis
La violence chez les personnes ayant des troubles mentaux : éclaircir les liens entre les troubles mentaux graves, les troubles de personnalité et les abus de substances

Violence is a serious public health burden and has several societal impacts, including enormous costs. Severe mental disorders (SMI), personality disorders (PDs), and substance use disorders (SUD) are at risk of violent behavior, leading to many negative consequences such as psychiatric hospitalization and incarceration. The relationship between mental health problems and violence is more so complicated by the presence of distinct comorbidities that further increase the risk of aggressive behavior. It is important to conduct more robust research with standardized definitions of violence to specify and clarify the relationship between violence and SMI, PDs and SUD. In this regard, this project aims to: (1) determine the clinical relevance of the Life History of Aggression (LHA), a scale that assesses the history of aggressive behavior, (2) deepen the knowledge on the association between mental health problems and violent behavior and (3) investigate the effects of cannabis use on violence in individuals with mental disorders. To do so, different methodological approaches were used, and participants were recruited from a variety of psychiatric and / or incarceration settings. Our three articles showed several interesting results. First, study 1showed that the French version of the LHA is a valid questionnaire based on internal consistency, construct validity, test-retest fidelity, and convergence validity. This instrument could therefore be used in clinical practice to assess lifetime violence through various diagnoses. Second, study 2 differentiated six profiles characterized by specific pathological constellations of personality traits (antisocial, borderline and narcissistic), SUD (stimulants, alcohol and cannabis) and SMI in connection in relation to distinct patterns of violent behavior. Third, Study 3 showed a linear relationship between persistent cannabis use and violent behavior. This relationship was maintained even while adjusting for potential confounding factors such as the use of other substances (alcohol and cocaine). Finally, this memoire provided further insights into various risk factors for violence in high-risk populations with SMI, PDs and/or SUD. Ultimately, this is intended to improve the implementation of preventive interventions and of appropriate treatments to reduce violent acts.

Keyphrases: Violence, Profilage, Cannabis, Persistance, Life History of Aggression, Severe mental illnesses, Cluster B personality disorders, Substance use disorders, Profiling, Personality traits, Persistence, Psychometric properties
Comportements d’attachement et de désinhibition sociale d’enfants consultant en pédopsychiatrie : lien avec des caractéristiques maternelles

Background: Recent studies have contributed to distinguish Disinhibited Social Engagement Behavior (DSEB) from the concept of attachment. However, some authors suggest that it may be linked to insecure mother-child attachment in early childhood. Although DSEB has mainly been studied in children reared in institutions or foster care, few studies have documented its occurrence among children living with biological parents. Additionally, while insecure attachment and DSEB have often been associated with children maladaptation and behavior problems, both constructs until now have very rarely been studied in populations of young children referred to an outpatient mental health clinic. Objectives: The first aim of this study was to assess whether mother-child insecure attachment is related to DSEB in clinically-referred children. The second aim was to examine whether variables related to mother’s own psychological functioning could be associated with mother-child attachment insecurity and DSEB, respectively. Method: Twenty-nine children (23-71 months) and their mother participated in this study. DSEB was measured with the Rating of Infant-Stranger Engagement (RISE; Riley et al., 2005). According to child age, mother-child attachment was assessed using the Strange Situation (Ainsworth et al., 1978) or the Separation-Reunion Procedure (Cassidy & Marvin, 1992). Maternal depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed using the French version of the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI; Derogatis & Melisaratos, 1983) and maternal stress was assessed with the French version of the Parenting Stress Index, Short Form (PSI-SF, Abidin, 1990a). Results: DSEB significantly correlated with insecure-disorganized/controlling attachment and inversely correlated with secure attachment. Maternal anxiety and the parental distress subscale of the PSI-SF were respectively associated with insecure-avoidant attachment and insecure-disorganized/controlling attachment. There was no significant correlation between maternal psychological functioning and DSEB. Conclusion: The discussion has focused on the implications of these results for clinical interventions and has suggested future directions for research with young children referred to outpatient mental health clinics.

Keyphrases: Attachment, Disinhibited social engagement behavior, Child psychiatric population, Maternal psychopathology, Maternal stress
Ce que la polémique fait aux œuvres : une étude en trois temps de controverses dans l'art contemporain

While they are often relegated to the margins of art history, controversies nevertheless have an eminently transformative effect : they do something to artworks. Devoted to the study of recent debates surrounding contemporary works, this thesis brings into light what arises from these conflicts, namely new objects, new actors, and new modi operandi. The analysis is structured around three case studies: the censorship of the film “A Fire in My Belly” (1986-1987) by David Wojnarowicz at the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. in 2010, the whitewash of a mural by street artist Blu at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles that took place the same year, and the destruction of “Dialogue avec l’histoire” (1987) in 2015, a work of public art created by Jean Pierre Raynaud for the Place de Paris in Québec City. These controversies reveal that there is a new dynamic taking place regarding the role of circulating images in the unfolding of such debates: these reproductions, extensively disseminated in the web, and more generally in public spaces and the public sphere, shape the artworks’ trajectories. Not only does this confers them a higher visibility, but their very modes of existence are modified in this process, works get to live, in a manner of speaking, through fixed or animated images that proliferate online. Drawing upon a pragmatist approach to publics (Dewey), actor-network theory, and sociology of mediation, we also study the forming of collectives born jointly with this dissemination of “viral” images. Actors involved in the controversies, either artists or activists, seek to make the censored or destroyed works reappear in various forms, including replicas, derivative works or even Internet memes. We demonstrate that this phenomenon of appropriation, inexistent during controversies prior to the 2010s, is linked to sharing dynamics that appeared with the “web 2.0”.

Keyphrases: Médiations, Publics, Visual culture, Art controversies, Mediations, Artworks' trajectories, Visibility, Virality
Les systèmes de la peur : approche transmédiatique de l'horreur dans la littérature et le jeu vidéo

The aim of this thesis is to study the stakes and strategies behind the apparition of fear in novels and video games. Through a comparative approach, I intend to theorize the bridging of these mediums and the paradigms structuring scary fictions. At the core of this work lie the ability of video games and literature to create uncertainty and strangeness from a rigorous code (be it textual, digital or game rules) during the interaction with the reader/gamer and the conflicting interdependence between mimesis (as a shaping of reality) and phantasia (as a resurgence of a reality that defies reason). As fear’s catalyst, the monster is at the heart of my formal analysis. The synthesis of a large corpus allows for an identification of four archetypes from which the various manifestations of monstrosity spread: the barbarian, the gorgon, the phantom and the chimera. These figures personify the dark corners of western culture. The barbarian embodies the confrontation with an alien whom invades a familiar environment as well as the violent and chaotic base upon which rests civilization. The gorgon represents the radical otherness, fascinating and terrifying. To go near it is to venture out of the world and to run the risk of being contaminated by the monster, becoming unable to go back home. The phantom conveys the stakes of the haunting, of an undead past that is still part of the present. As the baring of a tearing in time continuity, it is to be reintegrated through the solving of the enigma it poses. Ultimately, the chimera is the one who transgresses categories. With its numerous faces, it defies the rational organisation of reality. Finally, a study of the author’s figure, of the adaptation process and of the fictional worlds extensions offers an outlook on the mobility of monsters and their capacity to cross borders, whether they are creative intents, mediatic frames of worlds of fiction. These conclusions are based on a dialogue between literary works and video games selected in a diverse corpus that aims to merge analytical thoroughness and an encompassing vision.

Keyphrases: literature, video game, horror, monster, aesthetics, reception, comparative literature, game studies