NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Complexes de cuivre (II) portant des ligands sulfonés ou carboxylates et leur application en catalyse

This manuscript presents research on copper (II) complexes. Copper complexes with diketiminosulfonate, pyridyliminosulfonate and pyridyliminocarboxylate ligands were synthesized and characterized by various methods. The complexes were investigated for the polymerization of lactide. Complexes bearing a diketiminosulfonate ligand were inactive. Complexes with the other two ligands showed no reactivity at room temperature and low catalytic activity at high temperature in molten monomer. Structural features of the formed polymers were unspectacular with low amounts of heterotacticity and very low molecular weight due to transesterification side reactions. All catalysts were active in Chan-Evans-Lam coupling. Complexes with carboxylate ligands were generally less active, and those with diketiminates ligands were less active towards sterically bulky substrates. Overall, these catalysts are very efficient towards N-nucleophilic substrates, but not towards phenols and thiols. Electronically deficient boronic acids require an auxiliary oxidant or a photoredox reaction. No reactivity was observed with alkylboronic acids. Kinetic studies have been performed, particularly for complexes bearing pyridyliminosulfonate ligands. Our observations led to propose a mechanism, slightly modified from the one proposed in the literature. In particular, the formation of deactivated complexes between the nucleophile and the catalyst and the nucleophile and the boronic acid were observed. Transmetallation is proposed to be the rate-limiting step.

Keyphrases: Couplage Chan-Evans-Lam, Ligand carboxylate, Chan-Evans-Lam coupling, Lactide polymerization, Copper complexes, Sulfonated ligands, Carboxylate ligand, Catalysis, Mechanistic studies
Spectroscopie de luminescence et Raman de matériaux moléculaires cristallins et modélisation par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité

This thesis presents a series of spectroscopic measurements (Raman, luminescence) of platinum(II) and gold(I) compounds. The Raman spectra are measured at variable temperature or pressure and the vibrational transitions are assigned by comparison with DFT calculations. This approach is especially useful for metal complexes with polyatomic ligands and a quantitative agreement is achieved for some compounds. Weak interactions such as aurophilic bonding between gold(I) centers are a challenge for DFT calculations as demonstrated by the modeling of gold(I) xanthates and gold(I) dithiocarbamates. These aurophilic interactions are analyzed by variable-temperature and variable-pressure luminescence spectroscopy for some gold(I) dithiocarbamates. Experimental results show great variations such as a bathochromic shift of the luminescence band maximum of -120 cm-1/kbar for the gold(I) diethyldithiocarbamate with linear gold(I) chain structures or a variation of the luminescence bandshape for this very same compound. These effects are analyzed with DFT calculations showing that the gold(I)-gold(I) distances as well as the angles along the chain are important for the observed variations and properties. The intermetallic distances are determined by X-ray diffraction at variable temperature for some gold(I) and platinum(II) compounds and the combination with luminescence spectra at the same conditions allows to compare the interactions for the two different metals. An empirical model from the literature is used and quantitatively applied to the gold(I) systems. Effects seem generally to be smaller for the gold(I) compounds than for platinum(II) compounds from the literature and this thesis presents the first quantitative analysis of such effects, again compared to DFT calculations. The combination of crystal structures, experimental spectra and DFT models leads to a more quantitative understanding of electronic, molecular and supramolecular structural effects determining spectroscopic properties such as luminescence band maxima or bandshapes.

Keyphrases: Luminescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, DFT calculations, Variable-temperature measurements, Variable-pressure measurements, Gold(I) complexes, Platinum(II) complexes
Allumer le huitième feu? : analyse de la rencontre entre Autochtones et non Autochtones lors de cérémonies de guérison autochtones au Québec

This thesis focusses on the development outside reserves of Aboriginal healing ceremonies that involve urban Aboriginals from various nations, all possible variations of Métis, Quebecois and immigrants. This rituality develops informally through social network, by word of mouth and outside any institutional context. In the fieldwork I found that these ceremonies are the legacy of Chief Algonquin William Commanda (1913-2011), a prominent figure of Aboriginal resistance and a prophet whose teachings promoted a culture of peace. His universalist stance of forgiveness and reconciliation allowed the opening of the ceremonies to non-Aboriginals. These ceremonies have been criticized for this reason by some Aboriginals and have not aroused the interest of the academic world so far. However, I see them as one of the few meeting points between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals outside the institutional sphere. If only for this reason, they are worth studying. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, my study analyzes the dynamics at work in this encounter around healing, through an experiential approach completed by a more classical methodology of semi-directed interviews. The circulation of cultural resources will be studied through the lens of cultural appropriation. Then I will analyze the repositioning of identities that stems from a certain malaise that is particular to Quebec society. Finally, I will describe the relationship to tradition in the field. Especially, I will focus on "regulatory mechanisms" that I identified in my observations. They protect the ceremonies of certain pitfalls such as commodification, deformation or loss of meaning that could occur during the encounter between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals.

Keyphrases: Métis, Aboriginal, Cultural appropriation, Aboriginal healing movement, Neochamanism
« L’agir institutionnel » en matière d’immigration et de relations interculturelles à la Ville de Montréal : une approche ethnographique

My doctoral thesis focuses on the Montreal municipal government’s institutional trajectory with regards to intercultural policy and practice since the end of the 1980s. Given the processual aspect of this research, I took inspiration from neo-institutional approaches that emphasize the actors and their role within institutions as well as the temporal and sequential components of political change (Paquet, 2016). From a complementarist perspective that takes into account the dynamic nature of institutions, I used both systemic and hermeneutics, to prioritize the observation and analysis of interactions and the past within the institution and their impact on public action. This thesis presents the results of more than a year of intensive ethnographic field research: documentation and analysis, 23 interviews with key actors, and participant observation within Montreal’s Department of Social Diversity and Sports. My daily presence within the institution allowed me to understand the role of interactions and the past within institutions in the configuration of public action. This research highlights the existence of two structural variables in the configuration of “institutional agency”: recognition and institutional memory. The institution’s recognition of its actors as well as its capacity to mobilize the institutional memory accrued by those actors over time emerge as important variables for understanding institutional dynamics and public action related to integration.

Keyphrases: Immigration, Canada, Institutional Ethnography, Municipal Governance, Public Action, Intercultural Relations, Systemic Analysis, Hermeneutic Approach, Recognition, Historical Consciousness
La reconstruction biomédicale de la vieillesse, un défi pour les stratégies d’allocation des ressources dans le système de santé

One of the questions that dominate the resource allocation strategy space today in  the health system concerns old age. Advanced age is both the subject of biomedicine and  a landmark in the resource allocation process.  Nowadays, old age is perceived as a reality, fully explained by our biology, thanks to  scientific progress and biomedical discourse.   Before being a biological reality, a mirror of social values or simply a portion of a  biography, old age was experienced as a social construct. It is defined first and foremost  in the dynamic of society and in the process of socialization of the individual.   These days, medicine confiscated by biology plays a determining role in redefining old  age. Biomedicine rebuilds old age by giving it content that proposes it for social roles,  reserved a few decades ago for young adults.  The new vocations of a biomedically reconstructed old age plead for a reconsideration of  its position in resource allocation strategies.   The strategies that currently dominate in the field of resource allocation in the  health system, inspired particularly by utilitarian and contractualist theories, are incapable  of grasping the dimensions of biomedical old age while approaching old age in its  pejorative dimensions. Aging is seen above all as a time of degradation, insecurity and  dependence. What’s more, in a context of limited resources, it makes the elderly  vulnerable to discrimination.    vi  The uncontestable successes in biomedicine produce an emancipation of old age.  But this process must be supported and accompanied in the field of medical practice by  strategies that incorporate promotion of this phenomenon into their morphology.   A theoretical framework that could found production of this type of strategies  would be one of capabilities. This vision draws its relevance not only in logic able to  incorporate into its speech the dimensions of the new old age, but also the assurance of its  emancipations.

Keyphrases: Old age, Biomedicine, Resource allocation, Capabilities
Feminist contributions to industrial design and design for sustainability theories and practices

This project investigates how feminist perspectives can inform industrial design and design for sustainability theories and practices. Feminist perspectives on and in industrial design promise to offer a range of valuable and unique contributions to the discipline. Yet, there is relatively little feminist work in industrial design, so feminism’s potential contributions are not well known and are minimally explored and exploited. As such, this project asks: how does feminism inform industrial design and design for sustainability theories and practices? It aims to identify feminism’s critiques and proposals toward industrial design and feminism’s relationships with and insights for design for sustainability. This study employs a feminist and critical constructivist framework. It is based on a literature analysis of existing feminist work in industrial design and the conduct and analysis of three projects applying a participatory project-grounded research strategy. The results show that feminist perspectives identify systemic problems in industrial design based on the presence of power and masculinity, unequal power dynamics between people and negative situations facing women. In turn, they encourage grass-roots changes in the field that rely on actor interventions drawing on women’s perspectives and/or feminist perspectives. Feminist work in design can also be understood as a sub-initiative within the broader design for sustainability field and could be applied consciously as a tool for design for sustainability, especially supporting its social and economic dimensions. Together, these insights can inform sustainable changes in industrial design, legitimize and encourage alternative and feminist perspectives in the discipline, and help industrial design contribute to feminist and social causes.

Keyphrases: Co-design, Feminism, Industrial design, Design for sustainability, Literature analysis, Participatory project-grounded research
Spatialité moderne et pentes andines : le rôle du paysage dans l'architecture contemporaine à Quito

This dissertation explores the relationship between landscape and modern architecture in Quito, a Latin American capital perched high in the Andes in the middle of the avenue of the volcanoes that attracted Humboldt’s attention. The aim of this dissertation is to reveal how this regional landscape embodied through its radical topography, is a determining factor in the architectural design process. It focuses on the architectural experience in which the different levels of the environment – whether landscape, urban or architectural – interact with each other. While modern architecture was characterized by polemics in Europe, this research postulates that the intense Andean landscape facilitated these roots in Quito, and that it was especially so with brutalist-related architecture. The forces of the mountainous-volcanic environment associated with a sculptural preference of many of its architects, have left their marks on the built environment.  In order to study the dialog between the universal and the local, this dissertation establishes a problem statement focusing on the discourse related to Critical Regionalism and on the debates it triggered in Latin America. It proposes a conceptual framework that includes notions enabling the study of the relationship between architecture and landscape from an experiential perspective as related to the principles of modern spatiality.  The multiple case-studies chosen include projects built in Quito between 1980-2005, located in the topographic-urbanistic context of the old barrios in Quito’s slopes adjacent or linked to its colonial core. It exemplifies cases of architecture that benefit from the panoramic views provided by topography, while interacting with their consolidated urban contexts.

Keyphrases: Quito, Andes, Architecture, In visu / in situ, Topography, Landscape, Painting, Space, Critical regionalism, Brutalism, Latin America
Une perspective interactionniste : un autre point de vue sur l’évaluation des apprentissages

This article aims to show the usefulness of drawing from sociology to conduct research in the field of education. Specifically, it discusses the contribution of an interactionist perspective in understanding the objects attached to student learning assessment. As we shall see, drawing especially from authors working in the tradition of Symbolic Interactionism leads us outside the usual ways of thinking and doing in investigations related to assessment objects, from problematization to analysis, in favour of a (re)socializing and contextualizing perspective. To illustrate this point, I will examine the format of a study documenting the expertise of a group of elementary school teachers with regard to formative assessment, and having an interactionist perspective as its basis of research.

Keyphrases: Education, Formative assessment, Symbolic Interactionism
Insertion tardive du contenu sémantique des traits fonctionnels

I propose that the semantic content of functional categories be inserted post-syntactically and cyclically, in a manner analogous to what is assumed within nanosyntax for the phonological content. Under this approach, the pre-syntactic lexicon is comprised exclusively of indices devoid of phonological or semantic content. The Merge operation applies freely, and the syntactic constituents are directly spelled out (Phrasal Spell-Out) in an independent manner at each interface. As an alternative to a Functional Sequence (Fseq) qua syntactic constraint on the outputs of Merge (Starke 2001), I propose a way to reencode the Fseq in terms of semantic selection. I then show how Universal 20 (Greenberg 1963; Cinque 2005 ) can be derived without stipulating the Fseq in syntax. This architecture simplifies the interface at PF and provides an elegant analysis for various non concatenative morphological phenomena such as apophony and infixation, obviating the need for readjustment rules.

Keyphrases: Insertion tardive, Universel 20 de Greenberg, Interface conditions, Nanosyntax, Late Insertion, Phrasal Spell-Out, Greenberg Universal 20
Configurations centrales en toile d'araignée

This thesis is dedicated to the study of a specific class of solutions for the N-body problem called central configurations. These configurations, especially in the planar case, are closely related to homographic solutions: at any time, the position of the bodies can be obtained by a rotation and/or a rescaling of the initial position. Our aim is to prove the existence of spiderweb central configurations given by n × ℓ masses located at the intersection of n concentric circles with ℓ concurrent half-lines, under the hypothesis that the ℓ masses on the i-th circle are equal to a positive constant mᵢ ; we also discuss the case where we add a central mass m₀ located at the intersection of the ℓ halflines. A first analytical method leads to the existence of these central configurations when n = 2,3,4 and ℓ arbitrary for any strictly positive values of m₁, . . . ,mₙ. A second analytical method yields the existence and uniqueness of such central configurations when we restrict ℓ to be equal to 2, . . . ,9 and n arbitrary for any strictly positive values of m₁, . . . , mₙ. In addition, we extend the result for ℓ = 10, . . . ,18 by requiring m₁ ≥ · · · ≥ mₙ and bounding the value of n in each case. Furthermore, for these two analytical methods, we demonstrate that the results hold for spiderweb configurations with N = n × ℓ + 1 bodies, that is when we add a strictly positive mass at the center of mass. Finally, we give an algorithm providing a rigorous proof of the existence and local uniqueness of such a central configuration with an arbitrary choice of n, ℓ and m₁, . . . , mₙ. The algorithm is applied to all n ≤ 100 and all even values ℓ ≤ 200 when m₁ = . . . = mₙ = 1/ℓ. This is enough to show the existence of spiderweb central configurations for all n ≤ 100, ℓ ≤ 200 even and such that m₁ = . . . = mₙ for any value strictly positive.

Keyphrases: N-body problem, central configuration, spiderweb configuration, computer-assisted proof
Évaluation des liens entre la composition des équipes de soins infirmiers et la qualité et sécurité des soins dans des unités de soins critiques

In response to changing demographics, various countries have increased the minimum nurse education, by requiring a university degree. In Canada, the only province that does not require this level is Quebec. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between nurse education and quality of care/patient safety on critical care units. A retrospective longitudinal correlational design was used to examine associations between nurse education and quality of care/patient safety on critical care units. Five intensive care units, regrouped in the same CIUSSS, participated in this study for a period of 57 days. The shift was the unit of analysis, resulting in a sampling of 854 shifts. The variables (nurse education, incident and accident reports, and several control variables) were constructed from three administrative databases designed for hospital management. Correlation tests and longitudinal logistic regressions with fixed effects were performed to assess the associations between the variables. Very few adverse events were reported in this study. The results of this study show, however, that there is a significant association between nurse education and quality of care/patient safety on critical care units. There is less likelihood of an adverse event when the nursing team is made up of at least 40% of registered nurses (RN) with a bachelor’s degree. In conclusion, this study highlights the impact of choosing RN with a bachelor’s degree on quality of care/patient safety on critical care units. Managers should therefore pay particular attention to staffing for each shift.

Keyphrases: dotation, AH-223, skill mix, quality and safety of care, nurse staffing, incident and accident report, structural indicator, outcomes indicator, critical care, quality of care, patient safety
La prescription infirmière : expériences d'infirmières québécoises

Background: The Règlement sur certaines activités professionnelles qui peuvent être exercées par une infirmière et un infirmier (R.Q., c. M-9, r. 12.001), effective in Quebec since January 2016, gives nurses permission to prescribe in some clinical situations. However, the deployment of the nurse prescribing in Quebec is for the moment below the initial expectations. Due to its recent establishment, the experiences of the Quebec nurse prescribers have not been documented yet. Aim: This exploratory qualitative study aims to explore the Quebec nurses’ experiences about their new professional prescribing activities in order to identify strategies to optimize the deployment of these activities. Methodology: Group or individual interviews were conducted with 17 nurses. A content analysis of the collected data was made using the method of Miles and Huberman (2003). The study was guided by the theoretical framework for registered nurse prescribing in Canada (CNA, 2015). Results: The analysis of the data highlights two main themes: 1) nurses' perceptions of the role of the nurse prescriber and 2) the deployment of the nurse prescribing. The results suggest that nurses perceive the role of the nurse prescriber positively. However, the lack of support and specific training, the uncertainty regarding this role and the fact that no guidelines are currently in place in the various environments slow down the deployment of the nurse prescribing. Conclusion: In light of the results, it can be concluded that organizational and clinical support, specific practical training, standardization of the prescribing process and better promotion of the nurse prescriber's role with care teams could promote optimal deployment of the nurse prescribing in Quebec.

Keyphrases: Perception, Nurse prescribing, Quebec nurse, Proximity care, First line care, deployment, Accessibility to care and health services, Clinical practice