NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Female identity and race in contemporary Afrofuturist narratives : "Wild seed" by Octavia E. Butler

This thesis explores the notions of race and female identity through Octavia Butler’s Afrofuturist narrative Wild Seed. Described as a new genre of ‘speculative fiction’ by scholars, Afrofuturism converges speculative and realist modes in order to explore conjunctions between African diasporas, African American writing, and modern technologies. This thesis provides a theoretical and critical analysis of Octavia Butler’s Wild Seed, with a particular focus on its various concepts and historical allegories. The novel Wild Seed addresses such topics as post-colonialization, intimate tyranny, hybridity, difference, otherness, and identity, questioning and foregrounding the role race and identity plays in science fiction. In the first Chapter, I will specifically examine the influence of dominant patriarchal Western colonization and its Westernization of African Americans. Then I will analyze the contradictions within the black struggle for freedom, race, and racialized embodiment through the themes of the intergenerational trauma of slavery and the objectification of black bodies found in the text. The second chapter will explore the different forms of resistance dramatized through Anyanwu’s character, as well as the use of space and temporality as a process to understand and connect the issues of embodiment and gender identity: Anyanwu has to resist, redefine, and reclaim her identity in order to survive the domination and power of Doro’s future patriarchal and biogenetically altered society.

Keyphrases: Race, Octavia Butler, Identity, Afrofuturist narrative, Resistance, Patriarchal society, Western colonization, Hybridity, Otherness, Africans, African Americans
Construction et validation d’une échelle de mesure de la coercition sexuelle

Background. In recent years, the assessment of sexual violence has grown steadily. In fact, the research community has been trying to examine broader forms of sexual perpetration and victimization, especially sexual coercion. There is no consistent definition in the literature for sexual coercion and uncertainty remains regarding the measuring instruments. Objective. The study aims to create a scale of sexual coercion using items from the Multidimensional Inventory of Development, Sex, and Aggression (MIDSA) and assess its validity. Methods. The sample included 529 adult males who committed a sexual offense. They completed the MIDSA while incarcerated in prisons and special commitment facilities in Massachusetts and Minnesota at the time of assessment. The MIDSA proposes a 20 item pool measuring sexual coercion based on 5 types of tactics to coerce someone into sexual activity: manipulation and bribing, offering drinks or drugs, taking advantage of someone already intoxicated by drugs or alcohol, using threats of physical force, and the use of physical force. Results. Findings from this study revealed that a 5-item version of the sexual coercion scale has the best psychometric properties. The internal consistency of the scale is good. Furthermore, the item response theory analysis shows that most items were considered difficult and serious and that all items present a good discriminant power. Finally, the sexual coercion scale presents moderate-high correlations with almost all associated scales, indicating good convergent and concurrent validity.

Keyphrases: Sexual violence, Sexual coercion, Definitions, Psychometric measures, Scale, Classical Test Theory, Item Response Theory, Convergent validity, Concurrent validity
Comment la psychopathie est-elle liée aux habitudes sexuelles : effet possible d’une exposition précoce à la sexualité

Psychopathy is often described as a personality disorder that is characterized by exaggerated antisocial and interpersonal (Hare and Neumann, 2005). Psychopathy is also an important predictor of recidivism as well as a predictor of more violent recidivism (Serin and Amos, 1995). Psychopathy is also linked to different sexual behaviours. Since the inception of the definition of psychopathy, there has been mention of their abnormal sexual behaviour. Some authors have referenced the abnormal sexual tendencies of people with psychopathic personality and some even consider it as a probable dimension of psychopathy (Hare and Neumann, 2005). However, few studies have been interested on the reasons that could explain why people with psychopathic personality develop a problematic sexuality in adulthood. For that reason, one of the objectives o this study is to explore the relationship between psychopathy and problematic sexuality.   The hypothesis in this study stipulates that there could be moderating effects of an early exposure to sexuality on the development of different sexual habits on people with psychopathy. To achieve this, a series of moderations will be made to evaluate the impact of precocious sexuality, of early exposure to pornography and sexual abuse in childhood and as teenagers on the association between psychopathy and various sexual fantasies and behaviours. To measure the relationship between psychopathy and problematic sexuality, a series of correlations and multiple linear regressions will be made. To measure the moderating effects of early exposure to sexuality, a series of moderations will be made to explore the effects that precocious sexuality, early exposure to pornography and sexual abuse could have on the development of a problematic sexual lifestyle for people with psychopathy traits. These analyses will be made on a sample of 529 sexual offenders who have all been assessed by the Multidimensional Inventory of Sex and aggression, a self-report inventory developed by researcher Raymond A. Knight. The results seem to suggest that there is a strong relationship between psychopathy and sexual habits. They also seem to support the hypothesis formulated in this study which stipulates that being exposed to certain forms of sexuality at a younger age could crystallize problematic sexual behaviours and fantasies in people with the psychopathic personality.

Keyphrases: Psychopathy, Sexuality, Problematic sexuality, Early exposure to sexuality
Le soutien social dans les trajectoires de désengagement de l’extrémisme : parcours et points de vue d’anciens membres de groupes d’extrême droite au Canada

In recent years, far-right groups have gained increased visibility in Canada and elsewhere. While researchers and journalists alike are trying to better understand this diverse and evolving movement, scientific literature remains primarily focused on groups and trends rather than individual mechanisms and trajectories. As a result, little research has been done on the dynamic processes that lead individuals to join or leave these groups. This research examines the disengagement trajectories of former members of right-wing extremist groups in Canada and highlights their perspectives on this experience. Based on the life stories of thirteen former members, our paper will put into perspective their engagement and disengagement out of different far-right groups, and will explore the role of social support in their journeys. While researchers are trying to understand disengagement from extremism by drawing on knowledge about disengagement and disaffiliation from criminal groups, or disengagement from marginal groups, the themes addressed by our respondents led us to take a step aside and instead mobilize the literature on mutual aid and self-help. Developed around peer support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), this literature allows us to highlight elements of disengagement trajectories that have so far been little explored, that is to say social support components: emotional support, social integration, self-esteem support, tangible aid, informative support and opportunity for nurturance (Cutrona & Russel, 1990).  Although largely idiosyncratic, the results of this research show that exit trajectories from extremism are dotted with points of convergence. The importance of support from close ones (parents, spouses, friends), the value of experiential knowledge through the use of modelling and the opportunity to help others as a way of helping oneself, are some of the facilitating factors explored in this thesis.

Keyphrases: Extremism, Disengagement, Far-right, Social support
Vers une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de l'abandon du traitement chez les délinquants sexuels

Objective: The objective of this research was to identify the process and factors that play a role in treatment drop-out for sexual offenders and to target the similarities and differences between the drop-out experiences and that of program completion. Method: Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with men serving a federal sentence for sex-related crimes. These individuals were either incarcerated in a federal penitentiary or being supervised in the community under CSC jurisdiction in the region of Quebec. The interviews were transcribed and analysed according to a grounded theory approach. Results: The results enabled the elaboration of an initial model for treatment drop-out in sexual offenders. This model is comprised of two pathways containing two phases each: the "Before the program" phase and the "During the program" phase. Pathway #1-Rapid drop-out is characterised by the presence of a pre-existing conflict. During the program, unhappiness with the program facilitator arises and is tolerated for a brief amount of time before the individual drops out. In Pathway #2-Delayed drop-out, pre-existing vulnerability factors can be found in the "Before the program" phase. Over the course of the program, conflicts between the participants and either the program facilitator or co-participants arise and trigger the thought of dropping out. This is followed by a precipitating event that favors a decisive internal discourse followed by dropping out, typically much later in the program. The results from this research demonstrate that conflict appears to be at the heart of treatment drop-out for sexual offenders, combined with the absence of a quality therapeutic alliance between the participants and their program facilitators. Many factors contributing to treatment completion were also identified, such as a positive perception of the program facilitator and other participants, as well as favorable personal dispositions.

Keyphrases: attrition, drop-out, high intensity correctional programs, sex offenders, sex offender treatment
L’expérience des policiers ayant vécu la conciliation à la suite d’une plainte en déontologie policière

This thesis has for goal a better understanding of what is the experience of a police officer who has gone through a conciliation process following a complaint to the Quebec’s police ethics committee. More specifically, to understand how the feeling of justice is built through the conciliation process as well as describing the impacts and perceptions police officers have regarding the overall process. To achieve our objective, 16 semi-structured interviews were realized with police officers who went through conciliation. The participants were met and interviewed in police offices. All interviews were recorded, then transcribed and the data obtained was exploited using the QDA Miner program. The data was analyzed using the process proposed in the theme analysis. The results allowed a comprehension of the events that led the plaintiffs to deposit a complaint against the officers and note that the officers justified the events in different manners. On a larger scope, the perceptions of the conciliation and of the police ethics can be explained by organizational justice. When police officers live an experience that they define as just and that they are under the impression that the process is fair, the sanction is justified and the interactions have been respectful, then they feel more satisfied and will have a favorable perception of the instance that controls it. Finally, the results suggest that those who have seen their complaint go far into the process, in audience, or have seen their colleague live that kind of situation are more susceptible to have an impact than those who have only experienced the conciliation.

Keyphrases: Police, Complaint impacts, Informal dispute resolution processes, Procedural justice, Police ethics
Analyse logique d’un programme destiné aux jeunes membres de gangs de rue : ReZo

to their criminal activities, the identification of effective practices for intervening with youth gang members is essential to ensure the protection of the public. However, current studies do not identify effective intervention programs for this clientele ((Boxer et al., 2015; Boxer et Goldstein, 2012; Parker et al., 2008 and Sécurité publique Canada, 2007). The purpose of this study is to analyze the logical reasoning of an intervention program offered to youth involved in street gangs and housed in rehabilitation centres under custody and supervision order, following an offence under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA). The objective of the evaluated program, called ReZo, is to encourage youth to reflect on their position in street gangs in order to ultimately reduce their risk of recidivism. The theory-based evaluation has two objectives: the logic analysis of the selection of participants and the content of the workshops. The results suggest that the participant selection process could be improved (objective 1) by adjusting the areas of the Inventaire des risques et des besoins liés aux facteurs criminogènes (IRBC) used and by including the Mesure d'adhésion à la culture de gang de rue (MACg). Analysis of ReZo’s structured guide and logic model validated that it meets most of the criteria for good practice in the literature with respect to workshop content (objective 2). Adjustments such as the choice of themes, the involvement of family and friends and the addition of evaluation measures are recommended.

Keyphrases: gang de rue, evaluation, intervention, program, gang member, youth gang, juvenile, delinquency
Les expériences urbaines de l’itinérance autochtone au Québec et la représentation des interactions avec la police : une étude exploratoire

Our study is interested in the interactions between homeless Indigenous people and police services in urban areas in Quebec. Using a qualitative methodology rooted in the research decolonization movement, we present the experience of urban homelessness as well as interactions with the police. By focusing our analyzes on the experiences as lived and reported by our participants, we highlight the representations they make of the police. The analysis of our data highlights the role of penal management of visible poverty by police services in urban areas as well as the practices and attitudes towards Indigenous people influenced by a racialized frame of reference. These influence the social representations of the police by our participants, two types stand out: the persecutor and the protector. Our analysis also raises the issues of social and racial profiling as well as the gendered experience of interactions with the police. In addition, it appears that Indigenous people experiencing homelessness find themselves at the intersection of several factors of social disqualification. This study concludes on a series of recommendations aimed at improving the interactions of Indigenous people with public services as well as a demystification of Indigenous issues.

Keyphrases: interaction, police, Indigenous people, homelessness, social representation, decolonization of research, social experience
L'expérience et les points de vue des détenus autochtones en prison

The objective of this study is to understand the experience of Aboriginal inmates in detention and their views of the prison care system. To this end, sixteen interviews with Aboriginal people incarcerated in three provincial prisons in Quebec were conducted. We then analyzed the interviews using Berger and Luckmann's (1966) theory of social constructivism and post-colonial theories. These analyzes show that prison is an extension of colonialist policies since it reproduces previous traumas on several levels. As for care in the prison system for Aboriginal prisoners, it is desired by them, but unsuitable. Aboriginal people are therefore discriminated in detention.

Keyphrases: Inuit, prison, programmes, justice, Aboriginal, first nation, prison care system, programs, social reintegration, prison experience
«Si t’es pas antifasciste, t’es fasciste, ou tu fais rien» : comprendre l’antifascisme montréalais et son engagement militant

Anti-fascism is the object of many studies when it comes to its historical expression, but few focus on its modern expression. When seeking to understand modern anti-fascism in Montreal, meeting the militants of the movement, front actors of the actions, seemed to be of prime importance. The comprehension of this form of anti-fascism was achieved by conducting semi-directed interviews with 5 Montrealer anti-fascist activists and through a documentary search conducted on several Montreal anti-fascists key resources. This research highlights a plurality of portraits and militant journeys which are hardly referred to in the literature on anti-fascism, while the participants describe their different experiences, their personal journey and their motivations to get involved in the cause. These discussions help contextualizing anti-fascist engagement in Montréal, Quebec, by exploring its definitional and cultural frameworks, while addressing the challenges of militant engagement. Anti-fascist actions are explored with the activists and allow to map out their actions as well as their challenges and stakes, including the issue of violence. This research shows that what is presented in the media or literature about anti-fascism is only the tip of the iceberg and the reality of the milieu is much more complex.

Keyphrases: militant, actions militantes, contre-culture, anti-fascism, militant action, counter-culture
Évaluation de l'exposition aux microorganismes des chauffeurs de camion et des éboueurs responsables du transport des matières résiduelles et des déchets

Workers involved in the management of household residual materials are continuously exposed to bioaerosols which can cause them health problems of an infectious, allergenic and carcinogenic nature. The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure to bioaerosols of collectors and trucks drivers during the collection of domestic waste and residual materials in Montreal by a multimeric and multimedia analysis. A sampling campaign was conducted on six drivers and six collectors. A total of 6 trucks that collect recyclable (2), organic (2) and compost (2) waste were evaluated. Samples were also taken from the surface of the drivers' seats, and the cabin air filters were recovered. Samples were analyzed at the microbiology laboratory of the IRSST using the microbial culture method and the molecular method of Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR). The results indicate that collectors are generally the most exposed to bioaerosols. Domestic waste collectors were in particular the most exposed with average concentrations for bacteria (27,000 CFU/m3), endotoxins (100 EU/m3) and fungi (5,900 CFU/m3) exceeding health recommendations. However, the compost collectors were the most exposed to fungi (6,800 CFU/m3). E. coli and A. fumigatus were detected in all of our samples, but exposures were greater for workers collecting domestic waste. In addition, the seats of drivers involved in domestic waste collection had the highest levels of contamination. The average concentration of A. fumigatus (2,500 UG/m3) in the air of the cabin of domestic waste trucks was higher than that of recycling and compost trucks. The results of the filters did not allow us to draw any conclusions on their role in terms of drivers exposure to bioaerosols. The results of this research highlighted that workers exposure to bioaerosols could be influenced by factors such as the type of waste, the workplace and workers’ tasks performed. This study confirms the high potential for exposure to bioaerosols of workers assigned to the transport of household residual materials and waste. It also validates the need to reduce workers exposures by various strategies including, cabin cleaning procedures and the use of respiratory protection equipment for specific tasks generating bioaerosols (water jet cleaning of trucks, unloading of trucks).

Keyphrases: Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR), Household residual materials, Bacteria, Fungi, Endotoxins, ddPCR, Collectors, Drivers, Filters, Cabins, Driver's seats
La diversification criminelle des fournisseurs de drogues au Québec

The literature on criminal diversification was developed particularly over the past two decades. Among the studies, diversity in illicit activities has been examined in various subsamples. However, no study has been conducted on the criminal versatility of drug providers. However, they differ in several aspects of their criminal activities. The main objective of this work is to determine the factors that influence the criminal diversification of drug distributors in Quebec. To do this, we use a sub-sample of 33,270 drug providers, created using police arrest data from the years 2003 to 2009. The main result of an ordinal logistic regression is that the factors of criminal diversification are essentially the same for our subsample and other offenders. We also note that we are gaining in rigour by distinguishing suppliers specialized in an illicit market from the so-called polydrugs distributors. Indeed, analyses indicate that these polydrugs distributors are involved in a limited number of crime types. Finally, contrary to what has been observed in the literature on criminal diversity, some variables have little or no effect on versatility in illicit activities, such as criminal intensity and age.

Keyphrases: Index de diversification, Criminal diversification, Diversification index, Drug suppliers, Poly-drugs, Criminal career, Ordinal regression, Police arrest data, Market crime
Scripter le trafic humain à des fins d’exploitation sexuelle : du recrutement à la distribution des bénéfices

In 2019, human trafficking for sexual exploitation still generate important public and political debates. Even if the literature is growing on the subject, the latter stays ill-defined. Indeed, the lack of researches based on a rigorous methodology is, still today, a major impediment to the development of reliable knowledge on the phenomenon itself as well as on the social reaction to it. This research aims at pursuing the empirical exploration of the human trafficking for sexual exploitation. The objective is to describe the global process from the recruitment up to the sexual exploitation and beyond. In order to achieve this, the script methodological approach will be applied. It is an efficient approach that has been used in numerous studies to improve the understanding of complex phenomenon yet, it has been rarely applied to human trafficking.  The script enables the researchers to consider the whole process of human trafficking for sexual exploitation while highlighting the key elements that are required to allow the chain of events that build up to the exploitation.  Twenty-two individual cases from Canadian judgments having accusations under the article 279.01 of the Criminal Code were retained to create the general script of the human trafficking for sexual exploitation.  The result is a script in eight steps, from the recruitment of the sex worker to the distribution of the gains. Two steps were added in order to expand the knowledge around the process of the phenomenon. Before the process, the initial context is presented in order, notably, to raise the individual motivations of the workers. After the process, the end of the career is also added to explore the factors that bring them to quit the sex work. Moreover, the general script exposes a national, loosely structured and opportunistic traffic.

Keyphrases: Script, processus criminel, services sexuels, criminal process, sexual services, human trafficking, sexual exploitation