NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Design, morale et justification : le design pour la santé sexuelle

Industrial designers work in a multitude of sectors wherein understanding consumer and their choices is fundamental. This means that understanding why industrial designers’ choices as professionals allows them to be on the lookout for personal biases that can influence the value of the project. Professional ethics may involve moral components that affect the designer as much as their product and that are no longer linked to the aesthetics of the object alone. There are values attached to that object. In this study our interest is to understand the industrial designer’s way of practicing in these diverse sectors, especially when the sector is that of sexuality and sexual health. While in constant search of innovation, the field of sexual health involves issues that arise in terms of taboos, cultural diversity, beliefs and personal backgrounds. Being human, the designer is confronted with states of moral conscience in this field. This study questions the moral commitment of a design professional grappling with issues that present strong moral implications. We explore the industrial designers’ intentions and justifications and their personal implication vis-à-vis such subjects. This study proceeds as an exploratory study, with data collection that included 4 narratives extrapolated from a design charrette with four teams, and a total of eleven participants. Exploratory analysis of the justifying discourse of designers is supported by The Six cities2 model proposed by Boltanski and Thévenot (1991) in the book “De la justification” and focuses on social competences in terms of justification of decision-making. The overarching hypothesis is that the work of the designer will be justified mainly by an “industrial city” perspective, supported by the principle of efficiency, a quality specific to industrial design product development. The analysis revealed emergent themes and issues of relevance to this model and the principles explored. This study proposes that the designer has a role to play in the consideration of topics with a strong moral implication. The designers’ discourse develops according to the constraints encountered and the type of project being developed. In addition, the design project can be impacted by professional’s comfort with such a difficult topic or even their personal preferences, and. ultimately understanding the motivating aspects of their choices during the project is of value in future products and the training received by designers.

Keyphrases: contrainte morale, justification, Design, Sexual health, Moral constraints, innovation, social abilities, industrial design, contraintes morales
Les universités publiques en Guinée à l’heure des réformes : le point de vue des acteurs locaux

Public universities in Guinea, as elsewhere in francophone Africa, have undergone in recent years a succession of neo-liberal reforms designed in Western countries and parachuted into African universities as models to be adopted.  The LMD system, the inclination of the Bologna process designed in Europe to harmonize the programs of European universities and applied in Guinea in 2007, is one of these reforms, as are those of governance and quality assurance. How do these internationally designed reforms translate into practice in Guinea? How have they been experienced from within, by university actors? What is the level of support or resistance to the reforms? In order to answer these questions, the present study favored the point of view of the actors and adopted a qualitative methodological approach, based on the semi-directive interview as a technique for collecting information. More specifically, interviews were conducted with various actors in the Guinean public university system: representatives of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, directors general, vice-rectors, deans of faculties, heads of departments, teacher-researchers, union representatives and students. The analysis of the data reveals an overall weak adhesion of university actors to the recent reforms, in particular the LMD.  Although they are defended by university leaders and ministerial representatives, their relevance is strongly questioned by teachers and unions who are very critical of the way they were designed, adopted and implemented. The lack of involvement of university actors, other than managers, in the development and implementation of these reforms, especially the LMD, explains the resistance of teachers, teacher-researchers and union actors to the new reference system, which has, moreover, greatly transformed their daily lives. In general, all actors agree on the inadequacy of financial support for the reforms, but many also point to the lack of competence and qualification of the leaders responsible for their implementation in the universities. Overall, university stakeholders have a very pessimistic view of the future of Guinea's public universities, which are struggling/grappling with problems of underfunding, understaffing and poor training of teaching staff, chronic mismatch of university programs with the needs of the labor market, outdated and inadequate infrastructure, and poor governance. Keywords: Africa, Guinea, new world educational order, university actors, universities, neoliberal reforms, LMD, appropriation, higher education.

Keyphrases: LMD, Appropriation, Africa, Guinea, New world educational order, University actors, Universities, Neoliberal reforms, Higher education
Introduction à l’apprentissage automatique en pharmacométrie : concepts et applications

Machine learning offers tools to deal with current problematics. Recent breakthroughs in computational sciences and the emergence of the big data phenomenon have brought machine learning to the forefront in both academia and society. The recent achievements of machine learning in natural language, computational vision and medicine speak for themselves. The list of sciences and fields that benefit from machine learning techniques is long. However, attempts to cooperate with pharmacometrics and related sciences are timid and limited. The aim of this Master thesis is to explore the potential of machine learning in pharmaceutical sciences. This has been done through the application of machine learning techniques and methods to situations of clinical pharmacology and pharmacometrics. The project was divided into three parts. The first part proposes an algorithm to enhance the reliability of the covariate pre-selection step of a population pharmacokinetic model. Random forest and XGBoost were used to support the screening of covariates. The indicators of the relative importance of the variables for the random forest and for XGBoost recognized the importance of all the covariates that influenced the various parameters of the PK model of reference. The second part exemplifies the estimation of plasma concentrations using machine learning methods. The same algorithms were selected and their fit for the task was appreciable. The third part confirms the possibility to apply machine learning methods in the prediction of complex relationships, as some typical clinical pharmacology relationships. Again, random forest and XGBoost got a nice adjustment.

Keyphrases: eXtreme Gradient Boosting, Machine learning, Ensemble methods, Pharmacometrics, Pharmaceutical sciences, Random forest
L’expérience de transitions de conjoints-aidants d’une personne atteinte de la maladie d’Alzheimer ou d’une maladie apparentée à apparition précoce

In Canada, 16,000 persons are living with early-onset dementia (EOD) (Alzheimer Society Canada, 2016). Several studies have described that the diagnosis of EOD lead to difficulties for the couple and in particular for spouse caregiver who must face many challenges and deal with new roles. Yet, little is known about the transitions experienced by these caregivers beyond the diagnosis period. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to explore the perceptions of the transitions experienced by the spouse caregiver of people with EOD whose diagnosis has been established for more than two years. More specifically, it aims to describe the types of transitions experienced by the spouse caregivers, the conditions that facilitate and inhibit the “success” of the transitions as well as the response patterns identified by the spouse caregivers. The theory of transitions of Meleis et al. (2000) was used as framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three caregivers. A thematic analysis according to Paillé and Mucchielli (2016) brought out three themes: 1) a long journey of caregiving marked out by multiple transitions; 2) personal and community conditions that influence the success of multiple transitions and 3) a variety of strategies for coping with the caregiver role. The results of this study help better understand the lived experience by spouse caregivers and could guide nurses in assessing the specific needs of caregivers, as well as the development of interventions and services that can facilitate various transitions. Further studies will be needed to understand the caregiving experience of spouse living with a partner diagnosis with EOD. Directions for research, practice and nursing education are presented.

Keyphrases: couple, transition(s), spouse(s), caregiver, couple, early onset dementia, young onset dementia, lived experience, transition
Développement, mise à l’essai et évaluation d’une formation en ligne destinée aux infirmières débutantes sur les soins aux grands brûlés pédiatriques

Nurses working with pediatric burn care patients require to be properly trained to provide optimal burn care. However, it was found that novice nurses from this service do not have sufficient knowledge regarding burn wound care to provide efficient care for this specialized clientele. Therefore, an urgent need exists to train novice nurses to care for pediatric burn patients. This pilot study aimed to: (i) develop and pilot a pediatric nursing burn care e-learning training for novice nurses; and (ii) assess the feasibility and acceptability of this educational intervention as well as evaluate the intervention’s preliminary effects on novice nurses’ knowledge on pediatric nursing burn care. The frameworks that supported this study included the “Burn Nurse Competencies” from the American Burn Association (2017b) to develop the theoretical content of the intervention as well as the “Multimedia Principles ” from Clark and Mayer (2016) to design the e-learning training. A pragmatic quasi experimental one-group (n=16) pretest-posttest design was conducted from March to July 2020 at a pediatric burn care unit at the CHU Sainte-Justine Pediatric University Hospital. Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effects of the e-learning training were assessed by a pediatric nursing burn care knowledge level questionnaire and a satisfaction survey. Statistical analyzes included descriptive statistics and tests-t for paired samples. In regards to feasibility, all participants completed the entire study with the e-learning platform. A significant difference was observed between the knowledge level mean score of novice nurses pre-training (58.6% ± 14.5) compared to post-training (87.7% ± 8.7) (p<0.001). Results showed that novice nurses’ mean score on satisfaction was 95.5% (3.8 ± 0.2) post-intervention, indicating a high satisfaction level. This new evidence-based pediatric nursing burn care e-learning training appeared feasible and satisfactory by novice nurses as well as indicating a preliminary effect on knowledge improvement regarding pediatric burn care.

Keyphrases: Pilot study, E-learning, Training, Nursing education, Novice nurses, Pediatric burn patients, Trauma
Les pratiques stratégiques et managériales du cadre de santé français : une étude qualitative sur la gouvernance clinique.

Introduction: Clinical governance is part of the process of improving the quality of care and health services. The exercise of clinical governance is updated by two types of practices, strategic practices and managerial practices. In France, health manager contributes to improving quality of care. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore strategic practices and managerial practices of the French health manager, related to clinical governance by Pomey, Denis and Contandriopoulos (2008). Methodology: A qualitative and descriptive quote has been used to explore strategic practices and managerial practices of health manager, and their link to the clinical governance of Pomey and al. (2008). In June 2019, six semi-structured interviews were conducted alongside health manager of a French University affiliated Hospital. A qualitative analysis with a horizontal codification was held in order to explore strategic practices and managerial practices of each health manager participating to the research. Results: Results of this study underscore three substantial observations. First, strategic practices similar with clinical governance and managerial practices driven by health manager are innovating practices, quality culture, background, risk assessment, and knowledge improvement. Second, managerial practices driven by health manager are funds management, leadership, communication, responsibility, and teamwork. Thirdly, these two practices of clinical governance are conditioned by clinical governance’s levers. Discussion and conclusion:  Results of this study lay the foundation of a new research field in proximal clinical governance and its impact on the improvement of quality and safety in health care. The exploration of clinical governance practices can contribute to highlight the role of French health manager, as his strategic and managerial practices, and his role in clinical governance. and Proximal clinical governance is, in France, represented by health manager. In conclusion, this study opens prospective research about health manager’s governance, or about clinical governance of a hospital. This study can shed light on the role of health manager in improving quality of care and services.

Keyphrases: managerial practices, Health manager, clinical governance
La construction discursive de la justice et des injustices spatiolinguistique.s dans le capitalisme contemporain : l’exemple de l’action et de l’organisation communautaires à Verdun – Montréal

This research problematizes and questions empirically the theoretical concept of spatiolinguistic justice, developed in French urban sociolinguistics. This term spatiolinguistic justice, inspired from spatial justice as used in critical geography and urban studies, requires that the researcher inquires his own political theorization behind his use of terms such as “inequality” “discrimination” “exploitation” and “segregation”, terms that are often considered as observed “realities” rather than as discursively constructed. Spatiolinguistic justice also allows the researcher to examine the diversity of approaches to justice as expressed by participants in ethnographic research, and the way justice and injustice are discursively institutionalized through language practices. In this thesis, spatiolinguistic justice is investigated through community action and organization in Verdun (a borough of Montreal) in Quebec. Adopting a (mainly) Marxian perspective to problematize institutions, ideology/ideologies and subjects, the purpose of this study is to examine the way capitalist urban space and neoliberal governmentality affect community organizing actors and their discourse. Weaving together theorization in urban sociolinguistics, social linguistics, critical sociolinguistics and political sociolinguistics, this study approaches spatiolinguistic justice and injustice through the analysis of discourse on spatial transformation and through social and sociolinguistics territorialization. This is done through a lexical entry method to discourse analysis but also through the study of the participants’ counter-interpelling “discourse acts”, “discursive scenography”, “reported speech” and other approaches to critical analysis of language practices.

Keyphrases: institutions, urban sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, spatiolinguistic justice, spatial justice, community organizing, ideology/ideologies, hegemony, subjects, sociolinguistic territorialisation
La faisabilité et l’efficacité d’une intervention en exercice sur la fonction cardiorespiratoire et musculaire de jeunes adultes nés très prématurément

Premature birth interrupts the normal development of several organs, particularly the heart and lungs, causing structural and functional alterations of the systems in adulthood. Although the benefits of physical activity on general health and exercise capacity in healthy and at-risk populations are well known, no studies have yet evaluated whether the population of young adults born very preterm could also benefit from these effects. The objective of this master’s thesis is therefore to evaluate the feasibility and estimate the effect of a supervised 14-week exercise intervention on the cardiorespiratory and muscular health of young adults born very preterm compared to young adults born at term (controls). Data from this non- randomized pilot trial were collected before, during, and after the exercise intervention. The first study showed that the exercise intervention was safe, valuable, and appreciated by young adults born very preterm, but that recruitment in the program was difficult due to the high level of commitment. The same study also showed that young adults born very preterm increased their moderate-to-high intensity PA levels following the intervention. The second study estimated the response of women who completed a sufficient number of training sessions and revealed that women born very preterm improved their muscular endurance (push-ups and sit-ups) as well as their aerobic capacity. However, following the intervention, their lower limb strength and endurance as well as their minute ventilation during exercise remained lower than women born at term. Exercise intervention is therefore feasible and safe for individuals born very preterm and could lead to improvement of certain cardiorespiratory and muscular parameters in women born very preterm, demonstrating the potential of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to mitigates the effects of premature birth on health.

Keyphrases: Preterm birth, Exercise, Aerobic capacity, Muscle capacity, Training program, Cardio-pulmonary testing, Feasibility study
Predicting scleral lens rotation based on corneoscleral toricity

Scleral lens orientation becomes extremely important to maximize vision and lens stability in patients who are fitted in front-toric lenses. Current clinical techniques to determine the rotation of a scleral lens involve the use of diagnostic lenses; however, these methods require a substantial amount of chair time to achieve an optimal fit. Contemporary equipment exists to evaluate ocular surface shape, which could be useful in predicting scleral lens rotation and increasing the overall efficiency of scleral lens adjustments. The goal of this comparative and randomized study was to evaluate scleral lens rotation based on the values provided by two scleral topographers. Fifteen participants were recruited and both eyes were imaged using two scleral topographers: the Eye Surface Profiler (ESP) and the Cornea Sclera Profile (CSP). Participants were fitted with the OneFit MED on one eye and the Zenlens on the other. Each lens’s rotation was evaluated at the slit lamp and compared to the steep axis of conjunctival astigmatism identified by each topographer. While the rotations from both instruments are not comparable, the ESP predicted rotation within 15˚ from slit lamp observation, which makes it clinically acceptable for lenses with low values of cylindrical power. The visual acuity of patients wearing lenses with a high amount of toricity may be affected by the amount of rotation and are not suitable for empirical fittings at this point in time.

Keyphrases: Cornée, Scleral lens, Topography, Cornea, Contact lens, Anterior segment
L’enseignement de la justice sociale en médecine dentaire à l’Université de Montréal : une analyse qualitative et modélisation théorique

Introduction : Social justice, empathy and social responsibility are emerging themes in dentistry. Many dental faculties have started incorporating these concepts in their curriculum, but our knowledge of the effectiveness of these initiatives is limited. The objective of this study was to understand how students and educators perceive social justice education in the undergraduate dentistry program. Methods : We performed qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with students, professors and clinical faculty at the Université de Montréal dental school. We recruited 18 participants using purposeful sampling until saturation. The interviews were recorded and transcribed integrally. They were coded using QDA Miner 5.0 (Provalis 2016). Thematic analysis was undertaken to elucidate emerging themes using qualitative methodology. Results : Five themes emerged from the results. Certain students were more inclined to be interested in social justice and participate in voluntary community-based activities. There were gaps in current teaching methods including a lack of exposure to certain alternative treatment plans. Some barriers to teaching were identified, the most important being a lack of time. Desired teaching of social justice would include increased awareness and active student participation, and taking responsibility to motivate action to produce social change. The application of social justice in dentistry involves accessible and adapted care for patients. Conclusion : The results of this study provide insight for the development of a social justice education curriculum in dentistry that can be evaluated and validated in order to form socially competent dentists who can provide patient-centered care to the community.

Keyphrases: social justice, education, dentistry, competency-based education, professional competence, cultural competency, dental education, health equity, healthcare disparities, dentist-patient relations
Pour qui, pourquoi et comment favoriser et préconiser l’hémodialyse à domicile : des leçons à tirer de l’expérience de l’Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande

With the continued growth in the number of patients with end-stage renal disease around the world, in a context of limited healthcare resources, much emphasis is being placed on the importance of promoting home dialysis modalities, namely peritoneal dialysis and home hemodialysis (HHD). However, HHD is still underutilized, especially in Canada. This thesis aimed to identify for whom, why and how it is possible to promote the use of HHD based on the experience of Australia and New Zealand (ANZ), where the use of HHD is the highest in the world, to draw lessons that could be transposed to the Canadian model. The Australia and New Zealand Dialysis & Transplantation (ANZDATA) registry was used to assess various aspects of HHD in ANZ from 1997 to 2017. First, the presence of a center effect in the use of home dialysis was identified, demonstrating that both patient- and center-level characteristics were responsible for the variability noted in the rate of HHD use between dialysis centers. We then showed that there was no center effect in the duration of hemodialysis treatment, neither at home nor in center, but that the variability of this duration was mainly due to the characteristics of the patients, as well as to varying practices between states/countries, and this, more notably in HHD. Indeed, greater flexibility is offered by this modality, which is much less affected by the limitation of resources than in-center hemodialysis. Finally, HHD was shown to be potentially an equivalent alternative to kidney transplantation in terms of patient survival in the case of a transplant received from an expanded criteria donor.

Keyphrases: home hemodialysis, home dialysis, end-stage kidney disease, chronic kidney disease