NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Aspects de la personalité chez les Inuit : une étude normative

Aboriginal people are overrepresented in the Canadian judicial system. It has been noted that individuals having survived colonization sometimes develop acculturative stress, whose effects manifest themselves on the physical, psychological and social levels (Berry and Annis, 1974). An increase in dysfunctional and violent conduct is one of the specific consequences of acculturative stress (Kirmayer, Corin, Corriveau, & Fletcher, 1993). According to authors having studied crime in the Aboriginal population, static factors seem to be similar for non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal criminals, but are more intensely present in the latter group. Furthermore, the same etiological factors have been identified to explain crime in these two groups. Among these, the presence of antisocial personality traits seems to be the most predictive of future criminal behavior. In this study, the Childhood Adolescent Taxon Scale was completed for 95 Inuit men living in different communities in Nunavut. This scale allows for the detection of the second psychopathic taxon identified by Harpur, Hare and Hakstian (1989), which is mostly induced by environmental circumstances. The results of this study demonstrate that the prevalence rate of secondary psychopathy is higher in the Aboriginal population when compared to general Canadian statistics. These results highlight the destructive consequences of modern day life as it is in Aboriginal communities (as was imposed during colonization) and can help identify targets for future interventions.

Keyphrases: crime, antisocial, Aboriginal, crime, secondary psychopathy, antisocial
Accès aux soins obstétricaux d’urgence au Mali : dépenses catastrophiques et conséquences au sein des ménages

After years of efforts, countries in sub-Saharan Africa have seen little to no improvement in their maternal health indicators. Ensuring access to emergency obstetric care (EmOC) for all women is a strategy proven to reduce maternal mortality. However, EmOC in sub-Saharan Africa can be extremely costly and can generate ‘’catastrophic’’ expenses. In order to reduce the economic burden of EmOC in Mali, user fees for caesareans were abolished and a maternity referral-system was created. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of and the factors associated with catastrophic EmOC expenditure in the region of Kayes, Mali. It also aims to identify the well-being consequences of high EmOC expenses. This study brings forth the following points. Firstly, the average EmOC expenditure was 71535 FCFA (US$ 152). Secondly, between 20.7% and 53.5% of households faced catastrophic expenditures greater than 15% and 5% of their annual income respectively. Women with no education, living in rural areas and with a postpartum infection had a higher propensity of catastrophic spending. Having a caesarean was not associated with a reduced risk of catastrophic expenditures despite the abolition of user fees for caesareans. Between 19.4% and 47.1% of households of maternal deaths also had catastrophic spending. Finally, households often had to borrow money and sell assets to pay for EmOC which led to considerable long-lasting financial difficulties. As long as policies fail to protect households from catastrophic EmOC expenditures, we cannot expect to see any great progress in reducing maternal mortality in Mali.

Keyphrases: maternal mortality, emergency obstetric care, catastrophic expenditure, sub-Saharan Africa
L'exposition virtuelle : nouvelle forme de diffusion et de représentation des œuvres

Art and technology have long developed close relationships allowing both to be inspired by the other. Today, the Internet constitutes an opportunity for art museums to reach to publics previously unattainable. It is determining ways in which works of art or their numerical representation thereof are presented, transmitted, and perceived. Since their founding, museums have broadcasted their collections and knowledge in the public sphere by means of exhibitions and catalogues, but the Internet is now a space they have to inaugurate. In the perspective of cyberspace being both vast and varied, the internet user is often isolated in his search of a “find” or “discovery” amongst the array of virtual exhibitions available. It is necessary to offer an alternative to the often unique image of the internet user as “searcher” to propose the image of the flâneur as an operational metaphor for the analysis of the relationship between user and exhibition in cyberspace. The representation – by means of the digital language underlying both exhibition and image – allows virtual manipulation of the work of art. This entails new forms of participation on the part of exhibition viewers who are now also internet users. Often undertaking to highlight the authentic nature of the original work of art by displaying its digital representation, the virtual exhibition is often presented as a didactic counterpart to a “real” exhibition, thus avoiding the delicate question of the work of art experience in favor of a technological observation aimed at acquiring knowledge.

Keyphrases: Museum, Artistic institutions, New technologies, Médiation, Mediation, Virtual exhibition, Public, Google Art Project
Mémoire et performance : analyse de la commémoration de la Révolution kuna à Uggubseni, Panama

In 1925, the Kunas (Gunas), an aboriginal group in northeastern Panama, rose up in arms to fight the assimilationist policies of the national government. First step in a long process of identity recognition and land claims, this uprising is now known as the Kuna Revolution (Revolución Dule). Considered today as a symbol of the indigenous struggles for self- determination and political autonomy, this historic episode is the centre of important festivities in the territory of Kuna Yala (Gunayala). In Uggubseni, where the uprising of 1925 mainly took place, the commemoration takes the form of an historical reconstruction where, for nearly a week, the villagers re-enact the revolutionary scenario. This commemoration is the subject of my research, where I examine how the Kuna Revolution is remembered and interpreted in Uggubseni today. The first question addressed in this thesis concerns how the revolution is commemorated. An analysis of its form leads us to look at the commemoration as a new Kuna ritual. I argue that, by taking a carnival form, the commemoration allows villagers to rethink the dialectical relationship between the Panamanian state and Kuna autonomy, and at the same time serves as an outlet for internal tensions in the community. I then raise the question of to what exactly is being commemorated in this ritual. In doing so, I analyse the different interpretations of this episode in Kuna and Panamanian history and identify the various interests involved in the commemoration of the Kuna uprising. Finally, I examine the role of collective memory in the construction and reiteration of a discourse of ethnicity, analyzing how the memory of the revolution is transmitted, received, interpreted and used today.

Keyphrases: Revolución Dule, Guna, Kuna Yala, Panama, Historical reenactment, Collective memory, Identity, Indigenous, Kuna Revolution
Réponses syndicales stratégiques à l'intégration européenne : les syndicats nordiques entre complémentarités institutionnelles et gouvernance multiniveau

European integration induces multiple dilemmas for trade unions whose repertories of action are normally limited to the scope of the nation state. Free movement of workers and the establishment of a common market for services are among said dilemmas that surface specifically in the context of European multilevel governance of industrial relations. This doctoral thesis examines trade union strategies in Denmark and Sweden in three sectors that address these two dilemmas. Neo-institutionalism, specifically “varieties of capitalism” literature, suggests that responses should be relatively uniform, centred around strong institutional complementarities on the national level, because of the strongly coordinated nature of the Nordic economies and industrial relations model. Our thesis confirms that national institutions play an important role in order to mitigate pressures of economic integration, in the long run. However, based on over sixty semi-structured interviews in Europe, our cases also ascertain an important role for endogenous factors, such as institutional entrepreneurship and strategic capabilities.

Keyphrases: Europe, trade union strategies, economic integration, Europe, Scandinavia, multilevel governance, varieties of capitalism
Conflicto regional, estado central y sociedad periférica en Bolivia y Perú : un análisis histórico comparado

This dissertation deals with conflicts between centers and regional peripheries within countries. In recent years, many states have witnessed the emergence of territories or regions that challenge their political centers.These disputes range from mere electoral differences to the secession of an indomitable territory. Why do some peripheral areas openly defy their centers while others do not exhibit similar rebellion? What conditions temper the differences between centers and peripheries and what conditions exacerbate them? The dissertation seeks to answer these questions by analyzing the cases of Bolivia and Peru. In Bolivia, during the decade of the 2000s, the conflict between center and periphery escalated into a political cleavage; in Peru, however, despite similarities with Bolivia, a similar cleavage has not emerged.The dissertation seeks to explain these divergent outcomes from a comparative historical analysis and proposes that conflicts between centers and peripheries should be studied using two analytical dimensions. The first dimension is the presence or absence of a regional elite that could shape legitimate political organizations and discourses, articulating regional demands and bargaining with the central state. The second assesses the region’s structural conditions, specifically the relevance of natural resources and the size of its population. The dissertation explores how these two dimensions changed during the second half of the twentieth century in Bolivia and Peru. The historical analysis helps to explain the divergent trajectories of the two countries as it puts forward some general ideas about the relationship between centers and peripheries.

Keyphrases: Clivages, Cleavages, Territory, Center, Periphery, Peru, Bolivia, Political regime, Decentralization, Political parties
Le rôle modérateur de la popularité sur le lien prédictif entre l’engagement scolaire des amis et le développement de l’engagement scolaire des élèves au secondaire

Peer influence gets more and more important during teenage years. This influence can be observed in many domains, including school engagement. Friends tend to be very similar regarding their school engagement levels. Peer influence may vary depending on many moderating factors, including the popularity levels of the adolescent and his/her friends. This study examined the moderating effect of adolescent’s and friends’ popularity levels on the predictive link between friends’ school engagement and adolescent’s own school engagement. Data were collected during two consecutive years with 403 7th and 8th graders. Results show that friends’ popularity in grade 7 predicted lower student’s school engagement in grade 8, even while controlling for many associated factors. Moreover, student’s popularity level moderated peer influence on school engagement: friends’ engagement level predicted student’s school engagement one year later, but only for popular adolescents.

Keyphrases: Friendships, Friends' characteristics, School engagement, Popularity
De regione et moribus Canadensium seu Barbarorum Novæ Franciæ : Les «Barbares de Nouvelle-France», texte anonyme (1616) édité par Joseph de Jouvency (1710)

De regione et moribus Canadensium seu Barbarorum Novæ Franciæ is studied as if it has been written by Jesuit Father Joseph de Jouvency. That being said, a more thorough research indicates that this text does not originate from such a pious man, nor from someone that lived during the eighteenth century. Indeed, the real author behind this text would more likely be a French who is laic and lived in Quebec city during the early seventeenth century. This revelation makes the document unique, despite the Jesuit’s adaptation both in language and content. For instance, Father Jouvency, the editor of the De regione who inserted it in the Historiae Societatis Jesu, censured and added some informations to the original text. It now becomes crucial to investigate the real opinion of the French Canadian author about these ‘‘Savages’’ that he met ? Our study shows that he described both good and bad native Americans customs, unveiling their life just after the arrival of the first French settlers in Quebec city. A French translation of the latin text also accompanies our analysis.

Keyphrases: De regione et moribus Canadensium seu Barbarorum Novæ Franciæ, seventeenth century, translation, jesuit, native american, savages, Joseph de Jouvency
Le jugement de la conscience morale dans la philosophie pratique d’Emmanuel Kant

The concept of moral conscience (Gewissen) is present throughout Kant's works, even though it is not as developed as other ideas generally considered as more fundamental.  However, a close examination of this concept reveals that, far from being simply instrumental, it constitutes an important link between the ideas of sensibility and indelibility, moral law and duty, and objectivity and subjectivity in Kant's practical philosophy.  Apart from defining moral conscience as an instinct, or through the use of the court of justice metaphor, Kant describes conscience as a judgment.  But how this type of judgment can be distinguished from the moral judgment of reason, or what it judges exactly, is not obvious.  Examining these questions will lead us to highlight three meanings of the judgment of the moral conscience, allowing a more accurate understanding of the different ways Kant conceives the concept, and a way to classify the interpretations of kantian specialists.

Keyphrases: Kant, conscience, instinct, Heidegger, moral, ethics, moral conscience, judgment, duty, philosophy, court
Manquements disciplinaires et pratiques correctionnelles

The correctional officers are at the hearth of the operation of provincial correctional facilities in Quebec as they are required to work and respond every day to individuals incarcerated in prisons. Their disciplinary practices towards incarcerated individuals were previously considered as arbitrary and took place in an environment defined as autonomous, self-sufficient, closed to the outside and that didn’t require the support of society (Gofmann, 1961). The last decades have brought many changes, such as the recognition of the rights of incarcerated individuals, the opening of the prison environment, the standardization of the detention conditions as well as the introduction of the Act respecting the Quebec Correctional System and the Regulations under the Act respecting the Quebec Correctional System, that regulate the disciplinary process. The interest of this research is the understanding of the practices of correctional officers in disciplinary proceedings following these changes. This study also aims the understanding of what influences the decision, by a correctional officer, to write a disciplinary report. Our results are divided in two aspects. The first suggests that the disciplinary practices are about power. Indeed, despite the supervision of prisons by legal texts, correctional officers have a discretionary power towards the application of discipline that is recognized and accepted. Secondly, the disciplinary practices are set in a certain balance of the prison regime. Correctional officers have the mission to maintain security and order within the prison. They also take part in the mission of social reintegration of incarcerated individuals. They must adjust their disciplinary practices according to administrative and institutional elements, while maintaining a relationship with incarcerated individuals based on negotiation and bargaining.

Keyphrases: discipline, discipline, disciplinary law, disciplinary violation, prison environment, correctionnal officers, disciplinary practices
Cyrano de Bergerac héros d’une mythologie de la France : la pièce d’Edmond Rostand passée au crible de la sociocritique

Edmond Rostand’s Cyrano de Bergerac has undergone innumerable adaptations and interpretations on the stage and on the screen. Since its premiere on December 28, 1897, its success in France and internationally has been considerable. The play’s eponymous hero is based freely on the 18th-century writer Savinien de Cyrano de Bergerac. But while today’s audiences tenderly admire the large-nosed dueller who, through his love letters, helps the handsome Christian conquor Roxana’s heart, few read the author on whom the fictional character is based. Though recognized for its wit, emotion, characters, and poetry, the play’s literary merit does not seem sufficient to explain its instant and enduring success. This paper argues instead that Edmond Rostand formed Cyrano de Bergerac into a literary myth, filled with symbols of an identity with which the French were able to identify themselves. To this and to the sociopolitical context that informs Rostand’s work can be attributed the piece’s overwhelming triumph. Rostand created a swashbuckling gospel against the background of the Dreyfus Affair for a theatrical universe that integrates symbols in which the French willingly located themselves: gastronomy, elegance, eloquence, gallantry, fidelity, honor, patriotism, and of course, panache.

Keyphrases: France, myth, discourse analysis, sociocriticism
Perception des visages auprès des adolescents et des adultes autistes

Face perception is the most commonly used visual metric of social abilities in autism. When found to be atypical, the nature of its origin is often contentious. One hypothesis proposes that locally-oriented visual analysis, which characterizes persons with autism, influences performance on most face tasks where configural analysis is optimal. Objective. We evaluate this hypothesis by assessing face identity discrimination with synthetic faces presented with and without changes in viewpoint, with the former condition minimizing access to local face attributes used for identity discrimination. Methods.  Fifty eight participants, with and without autism, matched for global intellectual quotient, age, and gender, were asked to perform a face identity discrimination task similar to that of Habak, Wilkinson, and Wilson (2008). Stimuli were frontal and side viewpoint of simplified and ecologically validated synthetic faces. Face identity discrimination thresholds, defined by the minimum percentage of change in face geometry at 75% correct performance, were obtained using a two-alternative, temporal forced choice match-to-sample paradigm. Results. Analyses revealed a significant interaction effect between groups and conditions, with significant group differences found only for the viewpoint change condition, where performance of the autism group was significantly decreased compared to that of neurotypical participants. Discussion. The selective decrease in autism performance for the viewpoint change condition suggests that face identity discrimination in autism is more difficult when (i) access to local cues are minimized, and (ii) an increased dependence on integrative analysis is introduced to the face task used.

Keyphrases: Perception, Face, Perception, Autism
L'activité physique : une stratégie pour contrebalancer l'effet hyperphagiant du travail mental

Introduction: Although energy expenditure during knowledge-based work is not higher than energy expenditure at rest, recent literature suggests that a stressful mental task is related to an increase in energy intake. It is suggested that mental work produces physiological changes, thereby influencing energy intake. Because physical activity can influence hunger, the aim of the study was to determine if the introduction of an active pause could counteract the negative effects of mental work on food intake and energy balance in a population of adolescent males. Method: Twelve male students of normal weight between 14 and 20 years old were evaluated at UHC Sainte-Justine. All subjects participated in three different sessions in a randomized order: a) NOpausevisit = relaxation/mental work/meal; b) RELpausevisit = mental work/relaxation/meal; and c) PApausevisit = mental work/physical activity/meal. The effect of introducing an active pause on energy intake and energy balance (kilojoules eaten – kilojoules expended during the tasks) was studied by comparing visits with paired t-tests (level of significance: p<0.05). The same analyses were performed to determine differences in appetite sensations. Results: The introduction of an active pause did not influence energy intake, even though higher appetite-related sensations were observed. Taking into account energy expenditure related to physical activity, a lower energy balance was measured for the PApausevisit compared to the NOpausevisit. Conclusion: This study is the first to confirm that being active between mental work and a meal represents a good strategy to counteract the hyperphagic effect of knowledge-based work via mainly an increased energy expenditure and a maintenance of energy intake. Globally, these results could help individuals attain and/or maintain a healthy body weight in a context where knowledge-based work is omnipresent.

Keyphrases: Knowledge-based work, Energy balance, Obesity, Exercice, Exercise
Les facteurs psychologiques de performance au hockey selon les gardiens de but et leurs entraîneurs

The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify the major mental skills used by successful hockey goaltenders.  In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven goaltenders and eight goaltender coaches from the Quebec Major Hockey League (QMJHL) to be able to get a better knowledge on the topic.  Afterwards, we were able to compare the data from the goaltenders and their coaches in order to get a precise picture of the mental characteristics associated with goaltenders in hockey.  Our results demonstrate that the same major psychological factors would be identified by the selected athletes and their coaches.  It was therefore possible to identify nine psychological attributes from the answers of both parties.  More precisely, the nine psychological attributes related to hockey goaltender’s performance are personality traits, resiliency, confidence level, passion, mental readiness, work ethic, optimal concentration level, put into perspective events and emotion control.  From a general perspective, our results are consistent with results from other research on the mental aspects of elite athletes.  On a more narrow perspective though, we can clearly observe a lack of scientific evidences on the topic of sport psychology related to hockey goaltenders.  This study therefore becomes an important first step in the identification of the performance psychological attributes related to the position of goaltending in hockey.

Keyphrases: Performance, Psychological factor, Hockey goaltender, Performance, Sport psychology, Elite athlete, Coach