NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
De la revue au collectif : la conversation comme dispositif d'éditorialisation des communautés savantes en lettres et sciences

Digital tools have profoundly modified our writing and reading practices. Yet the influence that these new practices exert on content and on the structuring of our thinking has to be determined.  This thesis falls within this field of investigation and questions the production of knowledge in the digital age: has scientific knowledge changed along the transformation of its production and distribution means? I will deal with this subject through the prism of the scholarly journal in the humanities, whose epistemological model, still attached to the paper medium, is profoundly questioned by the digital age in its technical as well as cultural dimension. I hypothesize that the modalities of writing in a digital environment are an opportunity to revive the ideals of scientific conversation that presided over the invention of journals in the 17th century. The thesis proposes a reflection in three stages, articulated around three conceptions of the journal : the journal as a format, as a space and, as I propose and conceptualize it, as a collective.  The journal as a format, first of all, emerges directly from the epistolary form in the 17th century, thus favoring conversation within a dispersed scholarly community. But the conceptual limits of the format invite us to consider the journal more as a _media_. In order to grasp its remediation, I will show that this conversation finds its contemporary incarnation in the concept of editorialisation. Then the journal as a space, where scientific authority was previously embodied, brings out new conversational possibilities due to the shifts in the editorial function of journals and their publishers in the digital space. Finally, the journal as a collective emerges from a processual and writing, in movement, peculiar to the digital environment. One of the challenges of this thesis is to highlight the collective dynamics of appropriation and legitimation. In this sense, the purpose of the journal is perhaps less the production of documents than the editorialisation of a conversation that brings the collective to life.  From a methodological point of view, this thesis is the result of a practice-based research anchored in a series of case studies and editorial experiments that I have been able to carry out as a researcher on the one hand, and as an editor-practitioner on the other.

Keyphrases: conversation, media, scholarly publishing, collective, editorialisation, writing, common, scholarly journal, remediation, humanities
Construire la parole des dieux : les rites mantiques et leurs agents dans les grands sanctuaires oraculaires du monde grec aux époques hellénistique et romaine

Divination in ancient Greece is a well-known phenomenon, often associated with the emblematic character of the delphic Pythia. Inspired by Apollo, this prophetess delivered her oracles by answering the questions asked to her, and in many ancient texts the oracular consultations are summarized in the form of two complementary statements: "a man asked" and "The god has answered".  However, the practices that took place in the oracular sanctuaries can’t be reduced to a tête-à-tête. Far from being limited to an inspired agent, the priestly staff of the oracular sanctuaries was numerous and took part in complex rites to enable the world of men to be put in communication with the gods. This work studies the diversity of these agents and the way in which their interactions allowed the divine word to come out.  In the first part, we study the agents who participated in the rites of the seven oracular sanctuaries best attested in the Greek world in the Hellenistic and Roman times: the shrine of Zeus in Dodona, Apollo in Didyma, Claros and Delphi, Trophonios in Lebadeia, Amphiaraos in Oropos and Glykon in Abonoteichos. Each sanctuary is the subject of a chapter in which all the agents, human or not, who took part in the ritual are taken into consideration, in order to reconstitute the rites of questioning the god in their specificity.  In a second part, this practice is thought more broadly as an institutional process who associated distinct actors at three different levels: the ceremony, the rite and the verbal exchange.

Keyphrases: oracles, divination, enthousiasme, inspiration, Milet, Claros, Oropos, Abonoteichos, Zeus, Amphiaraos, Trophonios, rite, greek religion, greek sanctuaries, sacerdotal agents, priest, prophet, prophetess, religious institution, enthousiasm, inspiration, Greece, Minor Asia, Hellenistic, Roman, Delphi, Dodona, Didyma, Miletus, Lebadeia, ritual, pythia
Administrer les forêts du roi au Moyen Âge : le negocium forestarum en Normandie capétienne (1204-1328)

In 1346, Philip VI of Valois enacted the Ordinance of Brunoy. This lengthy document aimed at reorganizing the kingdom’s forest administration in order to ensure that royal forests remained sufficiently profitables and adequately managed. For most of the past century, historians have believed the Ordinance of Brunoy to be the first true expression of the forest policies of the French crown. In reality, Philip VI benefited from a wealth of regulations already in place which had been developped by his predecessors since the beginning of the XIIIth century. It can be argued that the reign of Philip Augustus, and especially his conquest of Normandy in 1204, truly marks the inception of the first forest policies by the French royal government. From that time on, royal forests in Normandy were managed according to a set of strict regulations aiming at limiting usage rights and guaranteeing a steady contribution to the kingdom’s finances. Forests during the Middle Ages served multiple purposes : beside their input in royal finances, they were vital to rural economy, and formed a space over which medieval princes exercised their justice, authority, power and generosity. The study of administrative sources from XIIIth and XIVth Normandy gives a better understanding of the development of these early policies, which revolved around the creation of a new administration headed by the masters of « Eaux et Forêts » and the formulation, under the auspices of common good, of a set of rules and regulations aiming at maintaining a balance between conservation, exploitation and usages. In truth, the forests of medieval Normandy were far from the archetypal woodlands of medieval litterature : they appear as a well delimited and rationalized space, managed and monitered by the king’s officers, and formed an area of contact and conflict between the royal government and the forests’ users.

Keyphrases: France, Forêt, Eaux et Forêts, Normandy, History, Environment, Forest, Economy, Forest Administration, Middle Ages
Stuart Heisler : un kaléidoscope hollywoodien

Stuart Heisler is an American director working in the context of major studios based on a division into genres and on actors constituting models for spectators and used to attract crowds in the period from the 1930s to the 1960s. Films by Stuart Heisler will be studied in detail through film analysis, in a stylistic approach of the filmmaker’s career, but also in relation to the global meaning of the films in relation to their narrative, the acting and their use of sets. The relationship between this aesthetic and the films’ modes of production of the can be considered as a direct consequence of Hollywood’s modes of production. So, how to characterize these joint evolutions? They concern both the filmmaker and his production context through time in a historiographical perspective. The study will combine a stylistic and a historiographic approach of Stuart Heisler’s career. Characterizing these evolutions will make it possible to understand the different facets of the director's practice, his manner of cinematographic creation for each film, and finally to make the artistic portrait of the director through his practice within the production system in which he is working. The study will paint the artistic portrait of Stuart Heisler through his insertion in several contexts of production corresponding to the joint evolution of the filmmaker’s career and his production structures. It will define the forms and the modalities of the particular aesthetic coalescence of the director's style, starting from his position as editor during the 1920’s and 1930’s during his career beginnings before the actual directing. The influence of the different collaborators have on Stuart Heisler will be studied before the passage from editing to directing in 1936. Heisler goes towards more independence in 1944 and 1945 whereas his personal will remains framed by the production. Stuart Heisler goes to the situation of a director developing a particular style during the 1940s and 1950s centered around the filmic figure. The central figure of the fire is founded on the destruction of the pro-filmic. The figure of the fire is also related to the figure of bursting and is visible for television production during the 1950s and 1960s. The director is turning towards television in the 1950’s and 1960’s. The filmmaker's familiarity with his work is reflected in the television series. The work will finally study the works inspired by Stuart Heisler's style.

Keyphrases: Hollywood, studio, production, director, actor
Voir l'espace architectural en coupe : exploration du rôle de la coupe dans la conception de l'espace moderne

Seeing architectural space in section exploration of the section in the conception of modern space. Progress of digital technology allows hyper-developing of representation modes free from instruments which are more and more considered as obsolete to produce new spaces. However, referring to the spread which is given to the section when presenting projects, or in teaching practices, it is often described as a device for stimulating, designing and building. This theorical research observes the use and the status of section at the end of the twentieth century, at the dawning of modelling development. According to Jacques Guillerme and Hélène Vérin , section appears within surveys and studies of antic ruins as a physic reality, the one of a building truncated by its own partial collapse. Many theorists, as Barbara Stafford and Robin Evans , make a connection between section and dissection as opening modes on the inside and by the development of both practices during the Eighteenth century. According to Robin Evans, to reveal the essence of the building is the real function of architectural drawing. The approach is to explore the drawing and the evolution of sections through traces of the designing process, in order to understand how section act as a “générateur” of the project. The research question may be : How, and to which spread, architectural section has a generating dimension of space and it intervene in the elaboration process of modern houses designed after the “Resolving the project in space” ? Based on archives drawings a reference corpus of six modern emblematic houses sections designed between twenties and sixties have been observed in their representation and space. Six other emblematic houses sections conceived from seventies to two thousand ten have been observed through a comparative analysis with the reference corpus. The expected results are to detect the spatial issues raised by the section, to extend its agreed definition as a representation tool to a designing tool and to settle a methodology for analysing cut space.

Keyphrases: Conception, drawing, architectural section, domestic space, modern space
Les nouvelles modalités de l'aide publique au développement : analyse de l'appui du Canada et du Partenariat mondial pour l’éducation à la phase I du Programme de développement stratégique de l’éducation de base (PDSEB) au Burkina Faso, du point de vue d’acteurs de terrain

The international conferences of Jomtien in 1990, Dakar in 2000 on Education for All and the Millennium Development Declaration resulted in the commitment to make education (especially basic education) an important pillar of development for any society, accessible to all (children, youth and adults). The Dakar forum also urged rich countries and international organizations to provide financial and technical support to developing countries with relevant educational programs.  In order to meet these international and national commitments (the 2007 Education Orientation Act and the Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development), Burkina Faso developed and implemented a Ten-Year Basic Education Development Program (PDDEB) from 2001 to 2010, followed by the Strategic Development Program for Basic Education (PDSEB) covering the period from 2012 to 2021. The PDSEB requires significant financial resources that the country does not have. It has therefore sought the support of various technical and financial partners, including Canada and the Global Partnership for Education (GPE).  This study was designed to analyze the implementation of new official development assistance modalities through Canada’s and the GPE’s support to Phase I of the PDSEB (2012-2015). To this end, we use the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (OECD, 2005) as a conceptual framework. This framework guided the data collection (creation of a corpus of institutional documents and individual interviews with around 20 representatives of the Ministries of National Education and the Economy and various cooperation agencies present in Burkina Faso) as well as their analysis.

Keyphrases: Burkina Faso, PDSEB, Canada, Financement, Educational program, Ministry of National Education and Literacy, Global Partnership for Education, Development aid, Financing, Technical and financial partners, Paris Declaration
Épicure et les vates sacrés

In lines102 and 109 of his first  book, Lucretius uses the term vates of unnamed persons that preached eternal punishment of the soul. Lucretius (and Epicurus) reject the reality of these punishments, holding them  a  cause  of  needless  trouble  for  the  mind.  Most translators understand  the word vates to  mean «prophet». But given such a translation, it is hard to identify clearly who the vates could be, especially if we seek the answer in the Roman world.  This paper seeks a satisfactory answer to the question "Who are Lucretius’ vates?" The author proposes to identify those Lucretius had in mind when he wrote the lines as Orpheus and Musaeus.  These two mythical poets were well known in antiquity, especially through their association with mystic rites and initiations. These rites, it turns out, were fundamentally eschatological. As such, they promoted belief in the immortality of the soul, and of eternal punishments if the rituals were not accomplished. Such rites included the famous Mysteries of Eleusis. Through their association with them, Orpheus and Musaeus are the most important eschatological poets of the ancient world. Because Epicurus asserted that the soul was mortal, there certainly existed a tension between the complex of beliefs associated with mystic rites and  the  Epicurean  system.  In  addition,  a  study  of  Epicurean  piety  reveals  that  Epicurus  encouraged participation  in  traditional  cults,  among  them  the  mysteries,  although  the  Epicurean  had  to  reject  the traditional justification of the cults (eschatology, good deeds from the gods, etc.). Consequently, Epicurus must have developed a critique of the beliefs associated with initiations, and certainly a critique of the two well-known  poets  that  were  inseparable  from  these  rites.  This  critique  is  the  one  we find in Lucretius’ poem.

Keyphrases: Vates, Epicurus, Lucretius, Hellenistic philosophy, Mystery cults, Orpheus, Musaeus
Vers une actualisation des espaces d’habitation destinés aux personnes aînées : étude comparative des milieux de vie en faveur du bien-être des résidents

This research focuses on the built environment, and more specifically on ways to design spaces that are conducive to the aging of the developing elderly. Currently, Canada, like the rest of the world, is subject to demographic aging. It has been estimated by the WHO (2016b) that 20 to 24% of the Canadian population will be aged 60 and over in 2015. These figures predict that at least 30% of the Canadian population will be 60 years of age or older in 2050. With a more active lifestyle and a desire to remain integrated into the community, they advocate for progressive housing models that are close to family, friends and community. However, it is noted that the most common housing models are not necessarily the most popular among future seniors, who wish to age in conditions different from those of their parents. In the context of the aging population, it seems important to work on updating housing models, responding to the wishes of future seniors with changing aspirations. This change in the representation of aging questions the definition of seniors' well-being and the way in which the built environment of housing models supports their aspirations.   This research is in keeping with the phenomenological tradition, on the one hand, through its emphasis on understanding the lived reality of seniors and, on the other hand, through its desire to identify the essence of well-being through spatial and architectural parameters. The observation of the phenomenon of living influenced the construction of the methodological strategy based on the conduct of semi-directed interviews with inhabitants, designers and resource persons as well as the direct observation of two housing complexes for seniors.  The results from the field allow the identification of spatial and architectural parameters that have an impact on the well-being of seniors. Nevertheless, the plurality of old age makes it difficult to generalize the needs and aspirations, as the housing reflects the specificities of each individual. As a result, the importance of choice and the design of living environments offering control to the inhabitants are to be recommended.

Keyphrases: inclusion, interior design, aging, well-being, inclusion
Le design comme compétence de la conduite à projet en contexte de crise : le cas du projet Visières

Humanity is experiencing a period of systemic crisis. The crisis of spring 2020 revealed many disfunctions and established a climat of uncertainty over different sector of activity. To respond to this climat of crisis, new postures and practices are required; and design is no exception. In order to explore the dynamics of response to a crisis and the role of design, this research project is investigating the role of design in the conduct of project in a context of crisis. The key ability of design to act and react to any events, situations, actions that emerges during the conduct of a project in a time of crisis.   This research is looking into answering the question: “How does design dynamize the conduct of project in a context of crisis and at which level?” In order to answer this question, theories of strategic design, project management and the dynamics of trust and cooperation are presented. The main objective of this research is to identify and understand the competency of design intervenes the conduct of project and the associated practices. This research looks to answer those questions through the case study of a crisis. Interviews and observations were conducted through the participation in the project Visières. The project Visières is a self-organizing response to the shortage of protective medical visor during the spring crisis of 2020. The course and the evolution of the project act as a showcase of the role of design in the conduct of project in times of crisis. The strategic design perspective is used to explore the position of design and its competency of adaptation as a key actor in societal transformation and emergency relief. The results of this research on the specific competency of design to act and react to events of a project promotes that the design practice of « bricolage » is the most suited to conduct a project in a context of crisis. Also, to support the success of the project, the practice of « bricolage » requires an agile environment, an agile organization and agile organizational practices.

Keyphrases: design, bricolage, fab lab, social dynamics, self-organizing project, systemic, strategic design
Évolution du statut d'un espace forestier intramétropolitain : le cas de la forêt de Terrebonne (1970-2019)

Intrametropolitan forests, often consisting of formerly productive land, were neglected from consideration in suburban and peri-urban development planning for several decades from the interwar period. Exploitation of natural resources and the creation of seasonal and permanent allotments proceeded with little regard for the forests, woodlands and wetlands of metropolitan regions (Fortin and Després, 2009). Since the late 20th century, environmental preoccupations and increasing aspirations for quality of the living environment have contributed to a change of perspective. New forms of awareness have gradually emerged (Paquette 2007; Donadieu and Perigord, 2005; Després and Fortin, 2009). The aesthetic, recreational and ecological qualities associated with wooded spaces is beginning to conflict with current practices (Fortin and Després, 2009; Donadieu and Périgord, 2005). Our research focuses on the transformation of the societal value invested in intrametropolitan forests, in particular that of the Terrebonne Forest. The analysis of archival material (planning documents, advertisements, newspaper articles, and similar) allows the values of different social groups to be identified and observed as they transform over time. In light of the results obtained, the 1970s appears to be the years of emergence of forest as a recreational space. It is also the period of the emergence of social concerns in regard of the natural environmental deterioration. Ten years later, this appropriation of the forest by the residents led them to demand its protection, and increasingly so over subsequent years. In the 2000s the forest became a lever for development for decision-making bodies. In the decade before 2020 the forested intrinsic ecological value has been recognized, due to its contribution to collective well-being, biodiversity, and its role addressing climate change. Raising the omnipresence of ecological values in the discourse of the local community from the 2000s, the study also made it possible to identify the use of argumentative strategies intended to reinforce the claims in favor of the protection of forest by the local community and the importance of studying them for a better understanding of the values actually invested in the forest. This thesis sheds light on the impacts of the transformation of the values invested in the forest on planning and development practices as well as on the promotional discourse of real estate developers, municipalities and MRC.

Keyphrases: Social values, Intrametropolitan forest, Social concernes, Wooded spaces