NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L’Utilisation de devis expérimentaux à cas unique en
psychoéducation

One of the professional activities of psychoeducation, results assessment, involves the continuous monitoring of the effects of the intervention proposed by the psychoeducator. To implement this monitoring, single-case experimental designs are an option to favour because they allow (a) the assessment of the effectiveness of the intervention and (b) the demonstration that the intervention is responsible for the observed changes. Thus, the purpose of the current article is to guide psychoeducators in the selection and implementation of single-case experimental designs to assess the effects of interventions in applied settings. First, issues to consider when planning the assessment of the effectiveness of an intervention are presented. Then, reversal, multielement, multiple baseline, and changing criterion designs are described with an emphasis on their advantages and limitations. The selection and application of each design are also illustrated using examples. Finally, the challenges associated with the implementation of single-case experimental designs are examined by discussing environmental contingencies that may prevent and facilitate their adoption by psychoeducators in applied settings.

Keyphrases: Intervention, Assessment, Single-case experimental designs
Is Luck Capabilitarianism Possible?

Capability theorists claim that real freedoms should constitute the informational basis for assessing individual wellbeing. Nevertheless, they have not yet developed a normative theory of social justice accounting for why or under what circumstances a political community has the obligation to mitigate deficits in real freedoms. This paper examines whether combining Luck Egalitarianism principles with capabilities as a metric of advantage can deliver an acceptable solution to this problem. However, in light of its inconsistency with the core claims found in capability literature, this paper ultimately rejects that possibility for two reasons: First, because it disregards the multidimensional character of the metric. Second, because it undermines the notion that capabilities are valuable not just because they represent positive freedom but because of the beings and doings they enable.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Capabilitie, Luck Egalitarianism, Wellbeing, philosophy, ethics, economics
Le jeu d’argent et la spéculation : quelques enseignements à tirer de l’œuvre de Balzac dans le cadre d’une anthropologie des marchés financiers

Public opinion wrongly thinks of the Stock Exchange as something difficult to decipher. It seems to be reserved for specialists in economics who insist on the rationality of the actors (optimizing, mimetic or self-referential rationality ...) and on the assumption of a market efficiency: its capacity to ensure an optimal allocation of capital. In the nineteenth century, there existed a "stock market novel” where the Stock Exchange is described as a shambles (synonymous of disorder, mess...). For individuals, it’s passion that speaks whenever it comes to money. In two texts, Honoré de Balzac illustrates the on-going transformation of the structure of the dominant classes under the effect of money circulation. Capital markets are seen as black holes in which outsiders develop strategies on the edge of legality in order to make a fortune. It tells stories of unjust enrichment intended to trick gullible small savers. In a society that sees its traditional social values declining, the state finds it hard to say what public morality should be. Should we let the invisible hand act with the idea of attracting capital to finance public debts? Should we regulate to avoid fraudulent behavior at the origin of stock market crashes? Should we close the stock exchange and thus outlaw speculation on the ground that this is only a sort of gambling?

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Balzac, Stock exchange, Gambling, philosophy, ethics, economics, Balzac
Re-framing the moral appeal of the minimum wage

The diversity in the treatment of the minimum wage by economists has contributed to the fuzziness regarding what role this institution is meant to serve in modern society. Particularly, the moral appeal behind the minimum wage, tightly tied to this role, does not seem to have been adequately articulated in the literature. This paper attempts at putting forward an alternative perspective from which the moral appeal of the minimum wage should be evaluated. Specifically, we argue, there is a considerable gain from paying attention to our evolutionary heritage to make sense of the persistent popular support behind the minimum wage laws. In the framework proposed here, the minimum wage laws will be viewed as instrumental in meeting the “primary needs” of those who are offering productive contributions akin to egalitarian sharing of food among our hunter-gather ancestors. The approach taken in this paper will supplement (and slightly modify) old institutionalist framework and equip it with more robust moral foundations.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Minimum wage, basic needs, institutionalism, philosophy, ethics, economics
Analyse phénoménologique interprétative des gains conjugaux rapportés par des couples suivis en traitements de fertilité

This study sought to provide a detailed portrait of the marital benefits associated with infertility in order to better understand their nature, development, and meaning for each couple affected. Using an interpretative phenomenological analysis, semi-structured interviews with three couples seeking fertility treatment revealed five types of marital benefits: 1) being engaged in a shared hardship; 2) feeling closer to one another; 3) feeling reassured in the relationship; 4) developing a satisfying communication and support system, and having faith in the couple’s capacity to face adversity. A dyadic analysis of partners’ interviews also illustrated how marital benefits developed in each couple. Those benefits emerged as a consequence of facing a difficult situation together, leading to bonding opportunities for the partners. Marital benefits did not eliminate suffering among these couples but rather nourished marital satisfaction, thus underscoring the importance of considering marital benefits to help couples cope through fertility treatment.

Keyphrases: Couples, Fertility treatments, Couple, Dyadic, Interpretative phenomenological analysis, Clinical psychology, Marital benefits
La vigilance chez le moineau domestique : l’avertissement mutuel et la variation individuelle

This thesis elaborates on the advantages of group living especially with respect to its effect on predation risk. The introduction summarizes anti-predator mechanisms such as the dilution effect, confusion effect and collective detection. The drivers of vigilance are presented with the emphasis on the effect of group size. Animal personality and plasticity are also reviewed as they might explain why the relationship between vigilance and group size appears so heterogeneous. A brief description of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is provided because all our predictions were tested with this species. The second chapter examines the occurrence of collective detection in animals without alarm calls by using reaction times (the time it takes to react to the alarm of a companion). Three factors influenced the spread of alarm in flocks of house sparrows: group size, inter-individual distances and predation risk. Our results showed faster reaction times in larger groups. Furthermore, in high-risk situations, sparrows remained in close proximity and adopted shorter reaction times. The third chapter evaluates individual profiles of vigilance and plasticity when group size varies. Our results showed evidence for individual vigilance profiles and for plasticity in response to variation in flock size in the 14 banded individuals. Adjustments in vigilance brought by variation in the state of an individual (e.g. age) might explain the presence of individuality in sparrows’ vigilance. The general discussion summarizes our findings and emphasizes the importance of ethology in veterinary medicine.

Keyphrases: Vigilance, Animal personality, Collective detection, Group size, House sparrow, Plasticity
The role of interferon Beta (IFN-β) in the pathogenesis of infection caused by streptococcus suis serotype 2

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent of septicemia and meningitis. Knowledge of host immune responses towards S. suis, and strategies used by this pathogen for subversion of these responses is scarce. An increased severity of S. suis infections in humans underscores the critical need for a better understanding of the interactions between S. suis and the immune system in order to propose more effective therapeutic strategies against this pathogen. Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mθ) are powerful antigen-presenting cells. Once activated, they produce inflammatory mediators, within them interferon-β (IFN-β), one of the most important member of the type I interferon (IFN-I) family which although is normally associated with an anti-viral role, latest studies have indicated a confounding role of IFN-β in bacterial infections. Thus, the main objective of the project was to study the role of IFN-β in the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis serotype 2. To obtain a better knowledge about the source of IFN-β induced by S. suis serotype 2, as well as the cellular receptors and pathways responsible for cell activation and subsequent production of this cytokine, we studied the in vitro induction of IFN-β by murine bone marrow-derived DCs and Mθ activated by strains of S. suis serotype 2 from different backgrounds and virulence, and we assessed the role of different cell receptors and pathways in the induction of IFN-β by the pathogen. DCs resulted to be a much more important source of IFN-β than Mθ, and the less virulent strain tested was the most internalized and the main IFN-β inducing strain, which suggests an internalization-dependent IFN-β production and a protective role of this cytokine. IFN-β production has shown to strongly rely on MyD88-dependent signaling pathways, and the most implicated receptors are the endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9. Finally, the in vivo infection has demonstrated that IFN-β plays a protective role in the disease caused by S. suis. Overall, these results provide a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms and the capacity of induction of IFN-β by different strains of S. suis serotype 2, as well as the role of this cytokine during infection with this pathogen.

Keyphrases: Streptococcus suis serotype 2, type I interferon, dendritic cells, inflammation, virulence, IFN-β
Évaluation gastrointestinale de chats présentant un comportement de pica

The aims of this prospective study were to (1) characterize pica in cats, (2) conduct a thorough behavioral and medical evaluation of affected cats, (3) implement specific treatments for conditions identified and evaluate the outcome of these treatments on fabric ingestion.  Cats who ingested fabric at least weekly were recruited.  Cat owners recorded baseline frequency of pica and gastrointestinal signs during one month.  Information about fabric ingestion and a complete medical history were obtained.  A behavioral evaluation and a medical investigation including gastrointestinal evaluation were completed.  Treatments were then implemented according to the diagnoses made and modified as needed.  Cats were followed for a minimum period of six months during which the owners were asked to keep a one month logbook to determine the new frequency of pica and gastrointestinal signs.  Eight cats were enrolled in the study.  All cats showed abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract.  Six cats were diagnosed with eosinophilic enteritis or gastroenteritis.  Delayed gastric emptying was suspected in four cats.  Gastric reflux was suspected in one cat.  One cat tested positive for Giardia spp.  Mild hypercholesterolemia was observed in seven cats.  Half the cats responded to treatments implemented for gastrointestinal disorders.  Fabric ingestion in cats, a specific form of pica, could in some cases be the consequence of gastrointestinal disorders.  Cats with pica should undergo a thorough medical and behavioral evaluation.

Keyphrases: Pica, Gastro-intestinal, Trouble obsessif-compulsif, Cat, Behavior, Gastrointestinal disorder, Fabric ingestion, Wool-chewing, Compulsive disorder
Economic impacts of mastitis in canadian dairy herds

Mastitis imposes significant and recurring economic losses on the dairy industry worldwide. The main objective of this study was to estimate costs associated with mastitis on Canadian dairy farms in 2015. Previously published mastitis economic frameworks were used to develop an economic model with the most important cost components. A questionnaire was designed and mailed to 374 dairy producers randomly selected from the Canadian National Dairy Study 2015 to collect data on these costs components, and 145 (39%) dairy producers returned a completed questionnaire. For each herd, costs due to the different mastitis-related components and the proportion of the costs attributable to a specific component were computed. Mastitis costs were substantial (662 CAD/milking cow-year for a typical Canadian dairy farm), with a large portion of the costs (48%) being attributed to sub-clinical mastitis (SCM), and 34% and 15% due to clinical mastitis (CM), and implementation of preventive measures, respectively. For SCM, the two most important cost components were the subsequent milk yield reduction and culling (72% and 25% of SCM costs, respectively). For CM, first, second, and third most important cost components were culling (48% of CM costs), milk yield reduction following the CM events (34%), and discarded milk following mastitis (11%), respectively. This study is the first since 1990 to investigate costs of mastitis in Canada. The figures obtained in the current study could be used to develop an economic model to compute mastitis costs at the herd and the national level in Canada.

Keyphrases: Dairy Cow, Mastitis, Economic, Canada
Maternal Emotional Support following the Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse: A Qualitative Study

Non-offending caregiver (NOC) support has long been considered one of the most important protective factors in facilitating better child and adult adjustment following the disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA). However, recent findings have led authors to conclude that NOC support has yet to be properly conceptualized and operationalized within the CSA literature. Emotional support is one dimension that has consistently emerged in recent studies attempting to reconceptualize NOC support, but which also requires further theoretical investigation. This study interviewed 22 mothers about their experience and provision of emotional support following the disclosure of CSA. Data was analyzed using a method inspired by grounded theory. Mothers reported feeling initially overwhelmed and lost about how to emotionally support their child, but described an improvement in their capacities following therapy with their child. Furthermore, three overarching categories emerged outlining maternal emotional support strategies, each serving a specific emotional function: 1) elaborating, which encouraged children to talk about their experience following CSA, 2) soothing, which attempted to comfort children’s distress, and 3) orienting, which attempted to guide children’s recovery process. Implications are discussed for offering improved and more rapid clinical services for NOCs following the disclosure of CSA, as well as future development in the operationalization of NOC emotional support.

Keyphrases: Child sexual abuse, Disclosure, Non-offending caregiver support, Emotional support, Qualitative study, Clinical psychology, Étude qualitative
Analyse des événements et des auteurs d’actions indécentes sur le territoire de l’agglomération de Longueuil

To this day, very little is known about indecent acts such as exhibitionism, obscene phone calls, voyeurism, etc. Although some scholars feel that these criminal offenses may be an early stage in the development of a sexual disorder, they remain trivialized in terms of severity. Indecent acts are a known crime in Canada, they are frequently committed in the agglomeration of Longueuil and have consequences for the victims, the perpetrators, both their entourages, as well as the society. For these reasons, it is essential to take an interest in this issue. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to draw a picture of the events of indecent acts committed on the territory of the agglomeration of Longueuil for the years 2013 to 2016, inclusively. From these analyses, it was reported that a small group of individuals had carried out several indecent acts within the studied territory. Hence, this study also looked at the profile of these prolific offenders perpetrating in this sector. For the period under review, more than 700 events were first identified and analyzed to provide a general picture of these indecent acts. Overall, analyses show that these crimes have been steadily increasing since 2013. Furthermore, starting in 2015 and 2016, these crimes seem to be committed more and more towards the south of the agglomeration, meaning the sector of Brossard. These results indicate a propensity among perpetrators to favor highly busy areas as well as sectors in full urbanization and commercial/rural development for the commission of their crimes. Additionally, of the 211 perpetrators arrested for the considered events, 20 of them were identified as prolific offenders either by their propensity to commit indecent actions over a period of more than two years, or by their tendency to commit several indecent actions in the course of one year. Finally, analyzing these offenders allowed to suggest a typology revealing three different and returning types of cases to better understand the approach of perpetrators of recurring indecent acts.

Keyphrases: Indecent acts, Prolific offenders
Individual Differences in the Impact of Acute Psychological Stress on Plasma Fatty Acids

Psychological stress may compromise fatty acids (FAs) levels. Which FAs are most targeted by stress and whether individual differences exist has received little attention.  Objective: The current study sought to evaluate the immediate impact of exposure to psychological stress on the plasma FAs profile of healthy adults, and to determine whether these responses differ according to age, sex, and participant’s basal Omega-3 values.  Methods: 182 healthy men and women (41.43±11.47 yrs) were exposed to a standardized laboratory stress protocol involving four interpersonal stressors. The FAs profile of participants was obtained from plasma in blood drawn at rest and immediately post-stress. Hierarchical linear regressions on change scores (post-stress values minus baseline) included interaction terms entered stepwise and controlled for potential confounders.  Results: The stress protocol led to significant changes in the FAs profile. Oleic acid increased post-stress in the overall sample (p<.05). Changes in other FAs were influenced by individual characteristics. Basal Omega-3 moderated change in Omega-3 (β=-.387), saturated FAs (β=.276), polyunsaturated FAs (β=-.243) and the Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio (β=.384). Age moderated change in Omega-3 (β=.202), saturated FAs (β=-.210) and Omega-6/Omega-3 (β=-.191)(all ps<.05). Significant Sex by Age interactions for Omega-6 (β= -0.160) and polyunsaturated FAs (β=-0.146), revealed particularly large stress-related increases in these parameters among older men and, to a lesser degree, younger women.  Conclusion: Psychological stress led to significant changes in FAs profile, though the impact was influenced by individual characteristics. Overall, the FAs profiles were suggestive of greater cardiovascular risk among older individuals, especially men, and among those who consume less Omega-3.

Keyphrases: Stress, Fatty acids, Sex, Age, Omega-3, Stress
Développement de chimie de surface pour la réduction de l’adsorption non-spécifique de lysat cellulaire et application clinique de biocapteurs SPR

This thesis describes the development of clinical biosensors. These biosensors were developed with the aim of improving diagnostic and treatment monitoring methods. Actual monitoring methods often rely on histological analysis performed by experts. This complicates the transmission of the information to the patient and delays the onset of an appropriate treatment. It is envisioned to develop simple experiments at low cost, which will allow untrained personnel to perform the testing on-site with biosensing technologies such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In order to perform SPR in clinical analysis, appropriate surface chemistry must be developed to prevent nonspecific adsorption. Nonspecific adsorption is the fouling of surfaces with biomolecules contained in the sample matrix such as proteins or lipids of biofluids. This leads to false positive signals preventing the correct measurement of the analyte concentration. Peptide and ionic liquid monolayers have been studied in this thesis to prevent nonspecific adsorption of undiluted cell lysate. The most efficient peptide was the 3 MPA (His)2(Leu)2(Phe)2 OH peptide, a 6 amino acids hydrophobic and positively charged peptide. The nonspecific adsorption of cell lysate was reduced to 159 ± 27 ng/cm2, compared to 929 ± 186 ng/cm2 on a bare gold surface. Also, mass spectrometry was performed to better understand the cell lysate nonspecific adsorption phenomenon. This study showed lipids were mostly adsorbed on the sensor when exposed to cell lysate. Despite a significant reduction of nonspecific adsorption with peptides, it remained unoptimal and should be improved. The newly developed hydrophobic and charged ionic liquids nearly eliminated the nonspecific adsorption of undiluted cell lysate, with only 2 ± 2 ng/cm2 of nonspecific material adsorbed on the surface. Then, a biosensor of an aggressive breast cancer biomarker, HER2, was developed. This proved that the ionic liquids could be used in the development of clinical biosensors.  Finally, the challenges of the analysis of clinical samples with SPR sensing were explored with the development of an anti-asparaginase biosensor for leukemic patients. Asparaginase is a chemotherapeutic drug administered to patients in combination with various other drugs to treat leukemia. However, many patients suffer from silent allergic reactions due to the bacterial source of this drug. Therefore, a biosensor was developed to detect the antibodies in undiluted serum produced against the drug, which could ultimately serve to modify the patient’s treatment when necessary. Clinical samples from leukemia patients were studied and the results were in good agreement with ELISA experiments.

Keyphrases: Peptide, Asparaginase, Cancer, HER2, Surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Surface chemistry, Ionic liquid, Leukemia, Biomarker, Biosensor