NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Rencontrer le Christ : ethnographie d'un centre de prière du Renouveau catholique charismatique

The Catholic charimatic renewal puts forward a personal encounter wtih God on the believer’s part, who is then habilitated to exercize different charismas – among which we find healing through the imposing of the hands, glossolalia and revelations. Continued participation in an organized religious group by now autonomous believers has not yet been the subject of sustained academic attention. The present study of a Montreal Catholic charismatic renewal’s center of prayer, whose methodology is inspired by the phenomenological and experiential approaches, aims to develop this problematic, all the while marking a distance with a purely rhetorical understanding of the charismatic experience (Csordas 1997, 2001). The religious socialization (Fer 2005, 2007) framing the admission of a new member at the Center, enligthens the invisible institutionnal mecanisms enabling the integration of a religious community all the while paradoxically enabling the individual to live an individualized religious experience. The charismatic subject, religiously socialized through a conversion lived in a unification of the body-mind, develops new somatic modes of attention, and is thus enabled to experience different intersubjectivities. The subject comes to participate in a collective world of representations and sensations, developing in parallel an increased agency in his dealings with the sacred. Although agency is usually conceived as an act of resistance, the one developped by the charismatics brings about the reproduction of the norm (Mahmood 2001). Religious socialization establishing the parameter of emergence for this agency, it is also the frame circonscribing its expression.

Keyphrases: Embodiment, Anthropology, Catholic charismatic renewal, Religious socialization, Embodiment, Agency
Extraction automatique et visualisation des thèmes abordés dans des résumés de mémoires et de thèses en anthropologie au Québec, de 1985 à 2009

Taking advantage of the recent development of automated analysis of textual data, digital records of documents, data graphics and anthropology, this study was set forth using data mining techniques to create a thematic map of anthropological documents. In this exploratory research, we propose to evaluate the usefulness of thematic analysis by using automated classification of textual data, as well as information visualizations (based on network analysis). More precisely, we want to examine the method of hierarchical clustering (HCA, agglomerative) for thematic analysis and information extraction. We built our study from a database consisting of 1 240 thesis abstracts, granted from 1985 to 2009, by anthropological departments at the University of Montreal and University Laval, as well as historical department at University Laval (for archaeological and ethnological abstracts). In the first section, we present our theoretical framework; we expose definitions of text mining, its origins, the practical applications and the methodology, and in the end, we present a literature review. The second part is devoted to the methodological framework and we discuss the various stages through which the project was conducted; construction of database, linguistic and statistical filtering, automated classification, etc. Finally, in the last section, we display results of two specific experiments and we present our interpretations. We also discuss about thematic navigation and conceptual approaches. We conclude with the limitations we faced through this project and paths of interest for future research.

Keyphrases: Text mining, automated thematic analysis of textual data, hierarchical clustering, concept extraction, information visualization, anthropology
Développement d'antennes RF pour l'imagerie du rat en résonance magnétique

This master thesis focuses on the design and development of two RF coils used in magnetic resonance imaging. These coils are designed to guide the future development of a multi-animal imaging platform that will serve researchers of the new CRCHUM. More specifically, these coils were designed for proton imaging at 1.5T. The first uses a lowpass birdcage as transmitter and uses 8 surface elements for the receiving part. The second coil is a circularly polarized lowpass birdcage which is used both for transmission and for reception. The latter presented good performances, generating images with high SNR and good homogeneity, making it a good candidate for the future platform. The first one presented a few problems at the detuning of the birdcage and the coupling between the elements. In the case where these problems would be overcome, this coil would have the advantage of being able to use parallel imaging techniques and possibly to have a higher SNR.

Keyphrases: Birdcage, Rat, MRI, Radiofrequency coil design, Birdcage coil, Surface coil, Emission, Reception
Mieux comprendre les facteurs associés à la satisfaction des parents d'accueil dans leur rôle

Foster families are an essential part of the youth protection system.  However, in the province of Québec the youth protection network faces certain difficulties in recruiting and retaining candidates.  Furthermore, two major changes may have an important impact on the practice of fostering children and youth: the implementation of the Looking After Children approach (LAC) and the application of the Act on the representation of family-type resources and certain intermediate resources, which implies the professionalization of the role of foster families.  It is therefore imperative to take a closer look at foster parents’ experiences in order to identify better ways to cope with these transformations and challenges. The objective of the present thesis is to better understand the influential factors that affect the level of satisfaction foster parents attain through their role as caregivers.   An underlying objective is to determine if the LAC approach affects the level of satisfaction.  In order to achieve these objectives, thirteen foster parents from a region of the province of Quebec where the LAC approach has been implemented since 2003 were interviewed using individual, semi-directive interview techniques.  An analysis of the thematic content pertaining to their level of satisfaction, their motivation and the challenges that they meet regularly was then conducted. According to the results found, the foster parents identify their level of satisfaction as pertaining to three distinct dimensions: parental, professional and personal.   The factors which influence their level of satisfaction are: the parenting issues surrounding long-term foster care, the impacts that fostering has on a foster parent’s own family, and issues surrounding recognition/gratitude.  The results also found that the principles and means suggested by the LAC approach may affect the factors evoked, therefore increasing the level of satisfaction of foster parents in their role as caregivers.

Keyphrases: Satisfaction, Foster parent, Role, Parenting, Professionalization, Recongnition, Looking after children (LAC)
Of master Hongyi's last calligraphic work

Hongyi (1860-1942) is a Master of Pure Land Buddhism in modern China. In the history of Chinese Buddhism, he is the only Buddhist Master who can rank among the greatest Chinese calligraphers. In the history of Chinese calligraphy, he is the first monk calligrapher who combines his Buddhist faith with his calligraphic art, and applies Western painting principles in his work of calligraphy. His calligraphic art well serves his religious belief, not independent from the latter as it is in most cases in the history. He uses the Buddhist concept of “a form without form” to interpret Chinese calligraphy, and puts forward a series of Buddhist calligraphic theories to guide his practice. Moreover, his calligraphy serves only to transcribe classical and contemporary Buddhist texts. In this sense, his calligraphic work exemplifies the influence of Chinese Buddhism on Chinese calligraphy. Traditionally, the last work of a calligrapher is often considered as his masterpiece according to two standards: its technique and its moral content. Furthermore, few of the last works by great calligraphers have survived. Scarcity makes these works even more valuable. Bei xin jiao ji (“悲欣交集”) is Hongyi’s last calligraphic work, which was completed three days before his nirvana. This thesis will study and analyze the influence of Hongyi’s Buddhist thought on the literary content and artistic form of this work and expounds that his last work fully displays the ultimate state of his Buddhist practice and the highest level of his calligraphy.

Keyphrases: A form without form, Chinese calligraphy, Hongyi, Pure Land Buddhism, Western painting principles
La montée du fascisme en Italie, perçue par les journaux français

The emergence and rise of fascism in Italy is a striking moment of the XXth century and more specifically of the interwar period. This new social phenomenon quickly attracted the attention of the international community. It influenced European mentalities greatly in the context of societies already polarised by different ideological trends. The First World War was followed by a period of divergent opinions on what should be the social and economic future of industrial societies. Fascism represents one of those movements that managed to impose itself in Italy       This thesis examines the manner in which French society perceived the rise of Italian fascism. To that end, it retraces the narrative presented by major French newspapers from 1919 to 1926 when faced with the Italian experience. The analysis of the dailies Le Temps, L'Humanité, Le Figaro and L'Action française provides an overview of political opinion in France. The inquiry conducted in this dissertation allows us to learn more not only on the emergence of a major phenomenon of the past century but also, and more precisely, about the reaction to it by the main political trends in France. Several themes were taken up by the French press. First, it tried to identify fascism, its origins and composition and the phenomenon of violence that emerged in Italy. Then, once fascism was in power, it reflected on the seizure of power, followed by an analysis of both interior and foreign policy of the new regime.       A unique perspective comes out of this study thanks to the analysis of four of the major organs that represent and help create public opinion. It shows that fascism, as a typically new phenomenon, was a subject of preoccupation for contemporaries. All of the dailies followed its evolution closely. It was, for some, the example of a brutal repression, among other things, and, for others, the emergence of a new ideology capable of ending the terror of bolshevism. It was also an issue for ideological confrontation.

Keyphrases: Mussolini, France, fascism, Italy, newspapers
Intertextualité et Oulipo - Étude de cinq œuvres contemporaines

The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze intertextual practices in five contemporary works by Oulipo writers: Les Gens de Légende (Olivier Salon), La Décomposition (Anne F Garréta), Vanghel (Jacques Jouet) Trois Pontes (Jacques Jouet) and Eléctrico W (Hervé Le Tellier). Following a review of the various theories of intertextuality available, the microtextual readings presented here seek to shed a new light on the complexity and ambiguity of the concept of literary filiation in the Oulipian writing process - either internal (references to works by members of the movement proper) or external (classical literature). Are also discussed in some detail the concepts of “contrainte” (constraint) and “plagiat par anticipation” (plagiarism by anticipation), but also the specific Oulipian aspiration to place the reader into a position that appears to be unique in literary history.

Keyphrases: Oulipo, contrainte, filiation, constraint, contemporary literature, intertextuality
Différents parcours de fréquentation des milieux de garde peuvent-ils modérer le lien prédictif entre les caractéristiques socio-familiales et le niveau de préparation scolaire des enfants?

School readiness is an important predictor of future academic success. Studies have shown that childcare before kindergarten entry influences academic readiness of children. The objective of this study is to examine which sequences of childcare type are associated with better cognitive and socio-emotional school readiness. The second objective is to examine whether the different sequences of childcare type contribute differently to the school readiness as function of social and family characteristics. 572 children from Quebec were randomly selected from the birth’s register and were followed from 5 months of age until they entered kindergarten. Three sequences of childcare type were considered: continuous home-based care (F-F), home-based care in infancy and center care during preschool period (F-I) and continuous center care (I-I). School readiness of children following one of these sequences of childcare type was compared to those of children who have never used a regular type of care. Cognitive school readiness was assessed with the Lollipop test and socio-emotional school readiness was assessed with the Social Behavior Questionnaire. The sequence of childcare type that promotes the best cognitive school readiness without compromising the socio-emotional dimension is the F-I sequence. Conversely, when the mother had a high level of education (university), children who have stayed at home are as well prepared to enter school as the ones that had followed the F-I sequence of care. Findings of this study confirm the positive contribution of childcare on cognitive development of disadvantaged children. In addition, results of this study specify which sequence of care promotes optimal child development. Attending F-I sequence could reduce the gap between those who are ready to enter school and those who are not and thus ensure that all children start school with the same chance of success. In this way, it would be possible to reduce social inequalities.

Keyphrases: Cognitive development, Socio-emotional development, School readiness, Extra-familial environment, Sequence of childcare
Les bulles de masse négative dans un espace de de Sitter

We study different situations of matter distribution of a negative mass bubble. For the case of static and spherically symmetric bubbles, we start with the hypothesis saying that this kind of bubble, being a solution of Einstein equations, is a deformation of scalar field. We show that this idea must be rejected and replaced by another saying that the bubble is formed by a perfect fluid. We succeed to demonstrate that this is the proper matter distribution within Schwarzschild-De Sitter geometry, that it satisfies all conditions and that we’re capable of resolving numerically its parameters of pressure and density.

Keyphrases: De Sitter Spacetime, Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime, Einstein equations, Energy conditions, Scalar field, Perfect fluid, Negative mass bubbles
Le parcours de réorientation professionnelle d’immigrantes hautement qualifiées à Montréal : une étude exploratoire

Highly skilled immigrant women face numerous obstacles upon their arrival in Quebec with regards to their professional and economic integration. A lack of recognition of foreign qualifications, discriminatory business practices, as well as strategies and family obligations represent difficulties that lead to the deskilling of many immigrant women. Despite a high level of education before their arrival, many of them will opt for a return to school in the hope that a local diploma will improve their occupational status. This research paper focuses on the professional reorientation of highly skilled immigrant women. It examines the course of reorientation as a continuum in four stages, namely, the decision to undergo training, career choices, training process and access to employment related to that training. The objective of this research paper is to explore the impact of the barriers that immigrant women face upon arrival in Quebec and along the course of reorientation. The results obtained from interviews conducted with twelve immigrant women indicate an important decrease in the degree of deskilling upon attainment of a local diploma. Although this coping strategy seems to be working in this regard, the results also depict the persistence of certain obstacles. Trajectory analysis reveals a cascading effect from one step of the process to the next.

Keyphrases: Immigration, Femmes, Women, Professional reorientation, Training, Employment, Deskilling, Trajectory
Réécriture et défamiliarisation dans Mercier et Camier de Samuel Beckett, suivi de Deux hommes-parures

In this creative Master’s Thesis in French Literature, I addess the issue of the relationship between processes of rewriting (eg, intertextuality, intratextuality and autotextuality, but also the figures of repetition and correction) and defamiliarization (or the distancing effect) by the means of an essay on the novel Mercier et Camier by Samuel Beckett and of a literary creation of my own, consisting of thirty-one unbounded and unpaginated sheets, on which I rewrote as many times the incipit of Bouvard et Pecuchet by Gustave Flaubert in a layout that defies linear reading. Both my essay and my creation intend to show that processes of rewriting can be used to defamiliarize the representative function of literature.

Keyphrases: Samuel Beckett, Mercier et Camier, Literature, Narratology, Linguistics, Intertextuality, Rewriting, Defamiliarization, Distancing effect, Representation, Samuel Beckett, Mercier and Camier
The impact of early life adversity on cortical structure in adolescent twins followed since
birth

Animal studies have shown that fetal exposure to adversity affects brain development and emotion regulation later on. Emotion regulation would be related to a structural change in the brain, particularly the fronto-limbic circuitry. However, results have not been entirely confirmed in humans. The purpose of the present study was to test whether early adversity leads to structural changes in the fronto-limbic (prefrontal, orbitofrontal and cingulate) regions, previously identified as key areas in emotion (dys)regulation. Main measures of adversity were low birth weight and maternal hostility because these were among the best predictors of developmental and behavioral outcomes in humans. Secondary measures, including difficult child temperament and adolescent impulsivity, were used because of their link with brain and emotion development. Participants were identical twins part of Quebec Study of Newborn Twins (QSNT, N = 650 pairs), followed from 5 months to 15 years, their current age. Using identical twins allowed to better control the genetic factors and, thus, to better isolate the specific effects of early environment. Thirty-seven pairs have been recruited. Each twin’s brain structure was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed using linear regression. Birth weight showed no effect on brain structure. Maternal hostility predicted a reduction in cortical area of posterior cingulate gyrus. Difficult child temperament predicted a reduction in cortical area of orbitofrontal cortex. Impulsivity was associated with smaller cortical area and volume in prefrontal cortex. These results highlight the importance of the early interventions in order to prevent the alterations leading to development of psychopathology.

Keyphrases: Structure, Adversity, Brain, Structure, Development
L’épreuve des liens : les relations entre intervenants et parents vivant en contexte de consommation maternelle au cours de la période périnatale

The perinatal period is especially prone for future and new mothers who use or abuse of psychoactives substances and their partners to enter helping relationships with medical and psychosocial workers. For these mothers and their partner, the birth of a child is a source of motivation to begin a helping process based on trust. However, studies underline multiple obstacles that restrain those parents to enter helping relationships with workers.  This research aims to explore, from the substance-using mothers and their partners’ point of view, the ways in which they have experienced their relationships with the medical and psychosocial workers during the perinatal period, while pointing to elements that have influenced those relationships.  Twenty substances-using mothers and their partner were recruited at the time of birth and interviewed as part of a research conducted by Morissette, Devault and Rondeau (2006-2010). We have made a secondary analysis of the interviews. The results indicate that, despite their fears to establish helping interactions with workers, parents seem generally satisfied of the relationships they have had with the medical and psychosocial workers met. Our results also point to many elements that have an influence on the helping relationships pertaining to the context in which the interactions took place, to the workers themselves and their roles. We notice from the results that the combination of elements favorably influencing their relationships with the worker conveys a sense of satisfaction to the substance-using mothers and their partners about the helping relationships experienced, despite some aspects that hinder these relationships. A mutual mistrust dynamic is created between the parents and the workers in situations where many elements hinder the helping relations. However, as the relationships are not static, it is possible to transform difficult relations to make them more satisfying for substance-using mothers, their partners and the medical and psychosocial workers.

Keyphrases: Relations parents-intervenants, Mother-father, Parents-worker relationships, Perinatal period, Substance use
L'autoportrait de Paul-Émile Borduas : mutation des statuts professionnels et intime de l'artiste

The self-portrait of Paul-Émile Borduas, unique experience in this artistic genre in his carrier, represents a milestone in his personal and artistic career. This work begins by the formal description and the study about stylistic influences and assimilations. Many key points are detected and exploited to bring out the mutations of intimate and professional status. From introspection and spiritual itinerary, Borduas tries to externalize on canvas the complexity of his personality and his quest for identity. The canvas is indicative of the establishment of an “ego” accompanied by a personal code of expression as a painter. Moreover, he built a canvas that will participate in the gradual emergence of the artistic and social modernity of Quebec from 1930. The artist seems to assert its professional status by developing strategies that combine on the one hand, tradition and modernity, and, on the other hand, uncertainty and desire for emancipation. By choosing to represent himself in his own pictorial language and his personal code of expression ,  Borduas lays the foundation of his identity and stands out as a painter in Quebec society in the progress of modernization.

Keyphrases: Paul-Émile Borduas, Introspection, Artist status, Identity, Modernity, Self-portrait