NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Carrière de coache fitness en ligne : une entreprise biopédagogique

Starting from the theme of fitness practice, the following study explores the reality of women engaged in a online fitness coaching role and offers a sociological analysis of their experience. At first, the thesis presents a reflection on the individual responsibility for health that weighs on the individual today, reinforce by a popular media discourse, the ‘‘healthism discourse’’, leading to a moral obligation to maintain oneself by taking charge of their health through physical activity and diet. This conception of health has facilitated the body’s assessment of state of health: to be considered a healthy individual, one must have a fit body. The new female aesthetic standard is a body that is not only slim, but also firm and muscular. Fitness being a practice that allows the achievement of such a body, becomes a privileged means for many women when it comes to taking charge of their body. The brief subsequently highlights the emergence of the use of Internet and social media as a source of health information leading to many personal trainers investing in sites such as Facebook and Instagram. Recourse to personalized support in its practice of fitness from social networks is now possible and finds takers more specifically among women. The analysis of this study is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with five Quebec women who have taken on the role of online fitness coach on the social network Facebook. Engagement in an online fitness coach role is treated as a ‘‘career’’ through which we identify different phases undertaken by coaches in order to develop their ‘‘online fitness coach career’’ (connected, distinguished, constant). We then analyze the various tools, strategies and discourses they use in order to supervise and encourage the engagement of their customers in the practice of fitness from the angle of a ‘‘biopedagogy’’.

Keyphrases: healthism, fitness, coache, healthism (concept of), Women, Coach, Biopedagogy (concept of), Career (concept of), Body, Health
Gestion des attentes : autodétermination et respect des traditions choisies chez des jeunes Québécois d’origine algérienne

This thesis investigates second-generation immigrants, more precisely the Quebecers whose parents are from Algerian immigration from the 90s. This wave of immigration offers a legitimate framework to examine the second generation, because the parents of these Quebecers immigrated in a given temporality and geography, while also coming from the same social background. Thus, these Quebecers were socialized through two cultural groups, that is, that of Quebec and that of their parents. These two groups may seem in contradiction or in tension regarding the social norms and values that guide and frame their lives. This thesis is therefore interested in understanding how this new generation, who grew up in Quebec, deal with their parents’ expectations regarding the respect of family and religious values and traditions. To do so, we will explore two main themes. The first one focuses on the relationship between these Quebecers and their family history. The second one focuses on the position held by these Quebecers regarding different family dynamics (school, religion, what is forbidden).

Keyphrases: Second-generation, Identity construction, Self-determination, Family history, Family dynamics, Cultural groups
L’évolution de la surqualification en emploi au Québec, 1971-2016

This thesis analyzes the evolution of the prevalence of overqualification in Quebec using census data from 1971 to 2016. Until now, studies on the evolution of overqualification in Quebec have covered at most the period from 1990 to 2012 and have paid little attention to certain important factors of differentiation (education level, field of study, age, cohort, gender, immigration). This thesis seeks to fill this gap. Studying the dynamics of overqualification is particularly valuable in that it allows us to test a wide variety of theories regarding the relationships between education and employment. I first analyze changes over time in the structure of educational qualifications in the workforce and in the structure of the skill levels of jobs, as well as in the overlap between these structures. Whereas in 1971 the number of high skilled jobs was higher than the number of workers holding corresponding degrees, this situation was reversed over time. Due to the rapid rise in educational attainment and the slower rise in the skill level of jobs, the number of postsecondary graduates has outpaced the number of corresponding jobs, meaning that overqualification is increasingly becoming structurally inevitable for some workers. Over the past decades, overqualification rates in the labour force have increased, in part simply as a result of the increase in educational attainment and therefore of the number of workers for whom it is possible to experience overqualification, but also as a result of an increase in the risks of overqualification among graduates with the same level of education. Overall, when it comes to access to high skilled jobs, educational credentials are becoming both more necessary and less sufficient.  Age-period-cohort models are used to estimate the respective effects of these different dimensions of change over time. Cohort effects on the probability of overqualification are observed. Age effects take a "U" shape, the youngest and oldest workers showing the highest risks of overqualification. Differences by gender and place of birth (Canada or outside Canada) are also examined.

Keyphrases: Overqualification, Overeducation, Relationship between education and employment, Social structure, Age-period-cohort models
La gestation pour autrui : entre corps-objet et corps-sujet : une étude des représentations sociales du corps maternel dans le phénomène des mères porteuses

This thesis focuses on the subject/object dualism visible in the social representations of the maternal body conveyed by the different speeches on surrogacy. Through an analysis of governmental, legal and media discourses, we will demonstrate how an objectivating conception of the maternal body stand alongside a subjectivating conception of it and how this double glance constitutes one of the emergence condition of the studied practice. For whom who disagree with surrogacy, the maternal subjectivity take place inside the pregnant body while for the upholder, it is located in priority in the intention, the parental project. The maternal body cannot be designated as such if it doesn’t come with the intention, if not, it is only pregnant. The social literature is abundant about the way the different actors, like surrogate mothers, intentional parents, and third parties perceive the practice but limited researches take a direct interest in the social representations of the maternal body, less again in the place of the subject/object dualism in them. In this way, following the modern conception of the human body and of the subject, the female reproductive body is seen as a entity separated of the subject and with a mechanical and pathological nature that the modern obstetrics should control so it can treat the real patient, the fetus. However, in parallel, a psychological discourse is being constructed in which the maternal body is seen like a place where subjectivity of the future mother and the future child are developing. The maternal body is problematic for the hegemonic modern figure of the masculine subject separated from the world, because of its reproductive potentialities and its position in front of the alterity whom is experience in an internal and a corporal way. It is then the object of a technical and a discursive reframing towards hegemony. The assisted reproduction technologies and surrogacy are examples of this reframing and of the double process of subjectification and objectification. This paper will show how the social discourses on surrogacy that suggest a vision of a flowing maternal subjectivity (intention is priority) collide with a inflexible vision of it, that is inscribed in the body.

Keyphrases: Surrogacy, assisted reproduction technologies, maternal body, subject/object dualism, modern woman subject, maternal subjectivity, elective filiation, reproductive body
La négligence envers les tout-petits

Objectives: Estimate the prevalence of suspected developmental delay among neglected children in Quebec’s child welfare system and explore the relationship with neglect subtypes. Method: In a cross-sectional approach, this study used a sample of 423 young children drawn from the anonymized database of Quebec child protection services. Selection criteria were: 1) children 0-5 years of age when report was sustained 2) for reason of neglect and 3) were assessed with a French (GED) or English (CDAS) of a child development assessment tool specifically designed for use by child welfare workers. Results: 66,44% children scored in a problem-range in at least one developmental area; 54,6% in cognitive-language, 37,1% in motor skills and 30,4% in the socioemotional area. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used. Medical neglect was associated with suspected developmental delay in the socioemotional area. Educational neglect was associated with suspected developmental delay in the motor and cognitive-language areas. Conclusion: Developmental concerns are high among neglected children. Neglected subtype seems related to possible delay in specific developmental areas. This finding supports early detection of developmental delay among children in the child welfare system and puts emphasis on the need of early interventions to improve developmental outcomes. Further research is needed on neglect subtypes for a better understanding of their relationship with specific developmental domains.

Keyphrases: Child neglect, Child protection, Developmental delay
Identification des besoins de formation continue des travailleurs sociaux pouvant intervenir auprès des endeuillés

This thesis aims to explore the continuing training needs of social workers who may intervene with bereaved persons. Its goal is to better understand the continuing education needs regarding loss, mourning and bereavement support. From a qualitative exploratory perspective, six social workers and human relations agents within the Integrated Health and Social Services Centres (IHSSC) of Lanaudière participated in semi-structured interviews. In addition, an in-depth textual analysis of bereavement-related continuing education courses listed within the Order of Social Workers, Marriage and Family Therapists of Quebec (OTSTCFQ) catalogue was carried out. An integrative analytical framework was used, inspired by several key concepts (continuing education, motivation, professional development, organizational context, knowledge) and an analytical model related to perceived training needs (Labesse, 2008) was used to analyze collected data. Through thematic content analysis, this model made it possible to better understand the ongoing training needs of social workers who may provide services for bereaved persons. The research results also allowed us to review the current continuing education training offered and helped determine the degree to which these trainings met the needs identified by participants.

Keyphrases: bereavement, loss, mourning, support, bereaved, need, continuing education, training, social workers
Situations de violences sexuelles en milieu universitaire : une étude exploratoire descriptive des motifs de (non-)dévoilement et (non-)dénonciation, des réactions sociales et des retombées

Sexual violence on university campuses (SVUC) is a problem in the broader social context of violence against women (Comité permanent de la condition féminine, 2017). Sexual violence can have a significant impact on the people who experience it and these consequences can be influenced by the way in which friends, family, professionals and institutions respond when these situations are disclosed or reported (Campbell et al., 2009; Ullman, 2010). This research is part of a larger study intitled Enquête Sexualité, Sécurité et Interactions en Milieu Universitaire (ESSIMU) : Ce qu’en disent étudiant.es, enseignant.es et employé.es (Bergeron et al., 2016). Using an online survey distributed in six Quebec universities, ESSIMU collected accounts of SVUC situations from 2057 respondents including 332 respondents reporting 357 SVUC situations described as (not) disclosed or (not) reported, which were analyzed in the present qualitative research. This descriptive research seeks to explore the experiences of disclosure, reporting, nondisclosure and not reporting through a thematic analysis of the reasons for disclosing and reporting, social reactions, outcomes and reasons for not reporting or disclosing. The thematic analysis made it possible to describe the reasons for which the students, employees and teachers who experienced situations of SVUC disclose, report or do not. The situations analyzed show that when they disclose, it is mainly informally to members of their social network or to colleagues. There are also people who disclose or report to formal providers such as people in authority or university resources. Reactions received after disclosure or reporting are mostly positive reactions such as responses of emotional support, but negative reactions, including reactions that minimize or invalidate the person’s experience or feelings are also reported. The results are placed in relation with key concepts identified in the literature review, including reasons for (not) disclosing or (not) reporting and social reactions. Recommendations for research and intervention are given.

Keyphrases: plainte, Sexual violence, University, Disclosure, Report
Victoire des rebelles lors des conflits civils : quel impact sur les conditions socio-économiques des populations?

This study is about the impact of the rebels’ victory in a civil conflict on improving the living conditions of the population. Civil conflicts are often triggered by social, economic, and political grievances that population and rebel groups may have against the government. However, so far, the literature on civil conflicts and more specifically, on the post-war period has not enabled us to know whether, in cases where the rebel group emerges victorious from the conflict, it provides a positive response to the grievances that had been raised at the start of the conflict. In other words, is there an improvement in the socio-economic conditions of the populations after this victory? The research carried out here refutes our hypothesis. We assume that popular support being necessary most of the time for the success of a rebel group, the legitimacy thus acquired will allow the rebel group to govern more democratically and fairly than a winning government and therefore to improve the living conditions of the population. After an empirical study with simple and multiple regression analysis, by which we compare several cases of civil conflicts, which led to rebel victory and those that led to government victory, it emerges that rebel victory does not lead to an improvement in socio-economic conditions. On the contrary, these conditions deteriorate slightly in our sample, while we observe an improvement in cases where the government is victorious. In addition, our explanatory mechanism, which made the post-conflict political regime an intermediate variable between the outcome of the conflict and socio-economic conditions, is not confirmed.

Keyphrases: Civil conflict, Rebel victory, Government victory, Socio-economic conditions, Grievances
Le contrôle parlementaire des affaires européennes : quelle influence sur les attitudes envers l’UE?

The oversight of national parliaments over European affairs has recently received a great deal of attention, both from institutions of the European Union (EU) and from authors contributing to the literature on the democratic deficit. However, while several studies have shown how this control could contribute positively to the media coverage of European issues or to the transposition of directives, its role on citizens' attitudes is often postulated and has so far not been demonstrated. By mobilizing data from the Observatory of National Parliaments after Lisbon (OPAL) project collected between 2010 and 2012, this study adopts a quantitative methodology with the ambition of measuring the influence that parliamentary oversight over European affairs could have in shaping attitudes towards the EU. Since attitudes towards the national and European level are closely linked, I first demonstrated that parliamentary oversight helps to build confidence in the national parliament. Regarding the European level, the results indicate that parliamentary control seems to have an antagonistic effect on trust in the EU; on the one hand, the institutional capacity of parliaments have a positive effect, and on the other hand, the parliamentary activity has a negative effect. This research, although exploratory and therefore preliminary, thus lays the foundations for a better understanding of the role that national parliaments could potentially play in shaping attitudes towards the EU.

Keyphrases: Attitudes, Analyse quantitative, European Union, National parliaments, Parliamentary control, Democratic deficit, Attitudes, Trust, Multilevel governance, Quantitative analysis, Logistic regression
Männerparteien? Le gender gap dans le vote d’extrême droite

In most countries, men are more likely to vote for radical right parties than women. This thesis contributes to our understanding of this – yet to be explained – gender gap. For doing so, I look at the radical right votes in the last European elections in 22 countries, using data from the European Election Voter Study (2019). In a first step, I take an exploratory approach and systematically analyze whether and to what extent socio-economic indicators and issue positions contribute to this gender gap. I then focus on contextual factors by testing two explanations drawn from the literature. Relying on original data, I first assess whether a greater representation of women among radical right elected officials motivates more women to vote for these parties. I then test whether women are more drawn to less extreme radical right parties, using data from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey (2019). The results suggest that 38% of the gender gap in voting for radical right parties is explained by differences in men’s and women’s issue positions while the contribution of socio-economic indicators is negligible. I also show that the positive effect of ideological placement on the left-right scale on radical right voting is weaker for women. Furthermore, being in favour of state intervention in the economy motivates radical right voting only for women. On the contextual level, I find that the more extreme the stance of radical right parties is regarding state intervention in the economy, the greater the gap becomes.

Keyphrases: radical right, political parties, gender gap, public opinion, descriptive representation, decomposition analysis
L'influence des forces de lutte contre le terrorisme sur l'efficacité de l'opération de paix de l'ONU au Mali

In a context where terrorism is increasingly present in civil conflicts, United Nations peace operations are regularly deployed alongside counterterrorism forces. The latter are generally ineffective in their mission by fueling terrorism rather than reducing it. Under these conditions, in general, peace operations cooperate with these counterterrorism forces, which influences their effectiveness in the implementation of their mandate. In Mali, since 2013, MINUSMA has been deployed alongside French forces (Operation Serval then Barkhane) and a counterterrorism force created by Sahel countries and cooperating with them within the limits of their respective mandates. The mission must therefore face new challenges due to a more complex security environment, a lack of resources to deal with terrorism and cooperation with the locals which is difficult to implement. In this sense, the effectiveness of MINUSMA is greatly diminished by its cooperation with military interventions that combat terrorism.

Keyphrases: MINUSMA, Mali, Counterterrorism military intervention, Peace operation, United Nations, Efficiency, Terrorism
Étude exploratoire sur les effets de l’impulsivité et de l’incertitude sur les performances d’apprentissage et de renversement de l’apprentissage chez l’humain

Individuals differ in how they each generally behave across time and contexts, as well as in their ability to acquire new information, and flexibly adjust their behavioral responses when a change in contingencies occurs. Still today, the proximal and ultimate causes of these differences are not well understood. In recent years, some advocate that divergent risk-reward trade-offs linking fast/proactive-slow/reactive behavioral types to fast/inflexible-accurate/flexible cognitive styles could partly explain the maintenance of these differences. However, it seems that there is a discrepancy in the literature about the existence and nature of such a speed-accuracy trade-off. One explanation could be that the link between personality and cognition is moderated by different factors. Thus, we propose here an exploratory study on how impulsive actions, impulsive choices, and expected uncertainty may interact altogether on learning and reversal learning performances in humans. To assess their impulsivity, participants had to fill out the Barratt impulsiveness scale questionnaire and to complete both a stop signal task and an experiential discounting task. Then, their learning and reversal learning performances were measured in a new reversal learning task, under different levels of reinforcer uncertainty. Results show that learning and reversal learning performances patterns linked to action impulsivity depend on expected uncertainty and choice impulsivity. In addition, they also support the idea that these dimensions of impulsivity are not maladaptive per se, which may provide another line of explanation for the maintenance of variation in impulsivities and flexibility.

Keyphrases: performances cognitives, individual differences, personality, flexibility, cognitive performances, speed-accuracy trade-off, learning, reversal learning, uncertainty, impulsivity