NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Analyse descriptive de la formation initiale des enseignants d’éducation physique en Finlande

The excellence of the Finnish education system brought great attention from all over the world in the past decade. Physical education (PE) classes have shown great efficiency to address inactivity and increase physical activity (PA) in the youth Finnish population. Finland ranks first among the world for the impact that school has on the PA level of youth in the 2018 report of the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. One of the reasons raised to explain this success is the high quality of the teacher training, and the great preparation to contemporary issues in PE and PA promotion.  Our qualitative descriptive research improved our understanding of how PE teachers are trained to promote PA at school. Our research was framed by Paquay’s (1994) typology of teacher training approaches. We adapted Paquay’s typology to the specificities of PE teacher training. Our document analysis explored two PE teacher education (PETE) programs, one at University of Oulu and the PETE program at University Jyväskylä. We also explored legal and political documents related to PETE and the Finnish school PE programs, and collected data in a diary during a four months' stay in Finland to explore the sociological context that produces these PETE programs. We observed a strong culture of personal and professional growth, a culture of reflexivity and a culture of positive psychology based on the foundational approach to teacher training. There is also a culture of physical activity in Finnish schools. The Finnish School on the Move! program, the social context positive to PA, the classroom teacher training in PE and the multi-approach way to train PE teachers contributes to such a culture of PA in schools. Our research also looked after avenues of transfer of the Finnish PETE programs to the PETE programs in Quebec. Even though the two contexts might look similar at first, we observed significant distinctions that may inhibit the possibilities of transfer. There are great differences that, according to our understanding of both contexts, cannot be ignored in the socio-historic-cultural context and the social value given to teachers and education.

Keyphrases: Teacher training, Finland, PETE, Physical education (PE), Teacher training approaches, Physical activity promotion
Analyse comparative d'une formation en présentiel et d'une formation mixte (jeu sérieux et une journée en présentiel) à Hydro-Québec

Serious games are specific video games adapted to teaching (Prensky, 2000; Johnson, 2005; Alvarez, 2007). The playful, informational and communicative dimensions articulated with pedagogical, didactic and instrumental dimensions in order to forge instruments sustaining learning (Ortega and Caron, 2011). Thus, the potentialities create a new market in full expansion (Yasmine, 2012). As continuing education of personnel in various professional environments is a question of greater importance, we must find a compromise between the training of staff members and productivity to stay competitive. Many companies use Serious games for training staff. Fifteen years ago, Hydro-Québec began organizing yearly introductory training courses on the work safety code and the risks of electrocution for staff of contracted companies working on its electrical installations. Hydro-Québec wants to integrate a mixed training consisting of day classes and independent practice using Serious game with a better opportunity cost compared to the three-day classroom training for its staff. The aim of this study is to compare two training modalities, based on a literature review. The analysis includes the elements related to learning, pedagogy, motivation and skills development. The study used a quantitative approach and based on a quasi-experimental protocol comparing two groups: a control group and an experimental group of samples of 74 and 89 participants respectively, chosen for convenience and from the same population. Data analyses demonstrated better performance with higher motivation for participants of the mixed training than those who participated in the classroom training. The results also confirm the theoretical assertions of the participant’s motivation and performance (Vallerand & al. 1989). A regression model indicated that participant’s performance depended upon their knowledge base, motivation and the type of training at a modest level. Considering the fact, that the study would like to provide a scientific foundation for training program managers, it would be advantageous to utilize the interactive application for the training of intermediary staff operating within Hydro-Quebec installations, according to the results thus obtained.

Keyphrases: Motivation, Learning, Pedagogy, Serious games, Assessment
Les pratiques de marché en éducation et la cohésion scolaire au Québec

Over the past few decades, market forces have characterized the evolution of  Quebec’s education system. By giving parents the freedom to choose the school that their  children attend and schools the opportunity to select their students, political leaders have  opened the door to intra- and inter-school competition (Kamanzi, 2018, 2019). This results,  among other things, in educational and social inequalities where students are separated  according to their abilities and, implicitly, their social background (Desjardins, Lessard and  Blais, 2011; Marcotte-Fournier, 2015; Marcotte-Fournier et al., 2016; Larose, 2016,  Hurteau and Duclos, 2017).   Using data from the Pisa 2015 survey, we study the effects of market practices on  school cohesion. We analyze this phenomenon through the feelings of belonging, trust and  cooperation among secondary school students. Our analyses show that school stratification  and the presence of competition are linked to school cohesion. On the one hand, students  in private schools are those who maintain a strong cohesion in their school environment.  On the other hand, the more competition there is within the institution, the higher the sense  of belonging. Based on these findings, the study suggests some possible interpretations to  better understand the nature of competition, but also to consider ways to establish a healthy  cohabitation between cohesion and the logic of school markets in the context of Quebec’s  school system.

Keyphrases: School cohesion, Sense of belonging, Trust, Educational inequalities, Educational stratification, Selective practices
Les enjeux controversés dans le cadre de l’enseignement de l’histoire au secondaire : énoncés théoriques d’une synthèse des connaissances

The purpose of this thesis is to produce theoretical statements by gathering the available knowledge from the existing body of research on the teaching of controversial issues in high school history classrooms. We ask the following questions: How does context influence the school treatment of controversial issues? What are the possible approaches and how do they affect students? Our work reveals that school treatment of controversial issues is limited by contextual factors such as collective memory, normative pressure and social pressure. It also reveals that discussions of controversial issues contribute to the development of intellectual abilities, citizenship skills and knowledge when they follow certain criteria.

Keyphrases: questions vives, discussion, controverse, history, teaching, history teaching, historical thinking, controversial issues, difficult history, socially acute questions, debate, discussion, controversy
Metalinguistic knowledge of second language pre-service teachers and the quality of their written corrective feedback : what relations?

The present quantitative study seeks to 1) measure pre-service teachers’ metalinguistic knowledge, 2) describe the quality of French as a second language (FSL) pre-service teachers’ written corrective feedback (WCF), and 3) examine the relationship between pre-service teachers’ metalinguistic knowledge and the quality of their written corrective feedback (i.e., teachers’ metalinguistic awareness). A group of 18 French as a second language pre-service teachers following the initial teacher training program in Montreal, participated in the study. Participants were assigned 1) a task of analytical abilities to measure their metalinguistic knowledge, and 2) a task of written corrective feedback provision to evaluate the quality of their written corrective feedback in terms of error location and the metalinguistic explanation provided. Descriptive analyses were undertaken to answer the first two research questions. Correlation analyses were performed to examine whether there exist any relations between pre-service teachers’ metalinguistic knowledge and the quality of their WCF. Among other things, results indicated that 1) while the error location of WCF provided was precise, 2) the metalinguistic explanation provided by the participants was not accurate, 3) there is a relationship between pre-service teachers’ metalinguistic knowledge and the quality of written corrective feedback.

Keyphrases: Written corrective feedback, Metalinguistic knowledge, French as a second language, Pre-service teachers, Metalinguistic explanation, Error location, Quality of WCF
Participation des patients à la gouvernance des GMF-U : une innovation organisationnelle au service des patients

Background: Patient engagement in primary care has been the focus of many studies in the past decade, however little research has evaluated its added value to organisational management in an academic community-based primary care practice (ACBPCP). In 2017, managers of an ACBPCP in Montreal, Canada, decided to integrate patients into the organization’s management committee to enhance the quality and relevance of decision-making for clinical services, education and research.  Objectives: 1) Assess patient advisors’ role and influence on an ACBPCP management committee’s decision-making process; 2) identify the facilitators of and obstacles to patient engagement in this context; and 3) evaluate the impact of this innovative approach in promoting a patient-partnership culture throughout the organization.  Design: Using a single case study, data was collected from three levels: 1) the professionals in charge of patient partnership within the territorial health care organization’s quality division; 2) the management committee; and 3) the ACBPCP’s staff outside the committee. From June 2017 to May 2019, qualitative data was collected through two focus groups, four interviews, documents and a logbook, and quantitative data was collected through questionnaires.  Results: Patient advisors’ role on the strategic committee is to share their perspective based on experiential knowledge. Successful patient governance relies on a structured engagement approach, including a rigorous recruitment process of patient advisors, training and coaching of all committee members and the development of work modalities that meet the conditions of patient participation. Multilevel leadership is also fundamental to support a partnership culture throughout the organisation, including at the governance level. Conclusion: The results of this study illustrate opportunities and challenges related to patient involvement at an ACBPCP’s organizational level. They can guide other community-based primary care practices interested in involving patients in their management activities.

Keyphrases: Engagement patient, Canada, Patient engagement, Patient partnership, Governance, Primary care, Academic community-based primary care practice, Organizational management, Case study
La transition entre la pédiatrie et le secteur adulte : quels programmes et quel rôle pour le patient accompagnateur?

Context: As a result of improved pediatric treatments, more and more children with chronic diseases are living into adulthood. As a result, the pediatric transition has become a major issue for continuity of care in this population. Although there have been various initiatives to prepare the transition and standardize the transfer, many young people still do not experience a smooth transfer, and are therefore not being properly followed when they attain their majority. This leads to periods of instability in their physical, psychological and social health. To better meet the specific health needs of these young adults, this study evaluates the need and interest in establishing a co-constructed program involving accompanying patients in the pediatric transition to gastroenterology, based on adult experiences in oncology, surgery and mental health.  Objectives: Our thesis has three objectives: (1) to conduct a systematic review of the literature on programs that have been implemented to ease this transition and describe the effects of these programs; (2) to assess the main challenges faced by the various groups of stakeholders during the transition process from a centre specialized in pediatrics in the Montreal region, to a quaternary hospital centre in the same region; and (3) to explore, among the study participants, their interest in having an accompanying patient for support through this process.  Methodology: To achieve our first objective, we conducted an interpretive synthesis of knowledge on the various programs for developing skills in disease self-management (see Article 1 in Section 3.1). For our second and third objectives, a qualitative study was conducted by holding focus groups and semi-structured interviews with adolescents, young adults, parents, and healthcare professionals from a pediatric tertiary centre and an adult tertiary centre (see Article 2 in Section 3.2). The thematic analysis of the data revealed that peer support would be relevant during this transition process, particularly for the parents of adolescents and for young adults, in which case the support would ideally be provided by young adults. On the other hand, the adolescents did not feel the need for such support.  Scientific contribution: The results of our thesis help further knowledge in the field of pediatric transition and, more specifically, on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the contribution of peer caregivers or accompanying patients in mental health and other areas has already been documented, few studies have examined the value of having young adults accompanying a population of adolescents, particularly in the case of IBD.

Keyphrases: Pediatric transition, Patient engagement, Patient partnership, Peer support, Accompanying patients, Quality improvement, Change management
Les mères de la zone de santé de N’Djili, en République Démocratique du Congo, sont-elles satisfaites des soins maternels reçus?

Context Patient satisfaction is an indicator of quality of care and an important determinant of the use of maternal services. Its evaluation allows the identification of the aspects of healthcare that should be reinforced to increase the quality of care and allow a better use of the services. There is an insufficient data in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) on women satisfaction with maternal services. Objective: explore the satisfaction of women who attend maternity care services in the DRC as well as the factors associated with their perception of the quality of care received. Methods It is a phenomenological descriptive and interpretative study. Fifteen (15) semi-structured interviews and four (4) focus groups were conducted with women selected according to an intentional sampling in two hospitals of N’djili health area in the DRC. The analysis of the content of the verbatim has been done using QDA Miner software version 5.0.19. Results Almost all of the women are satisfied with the care received. The most determining aspects of this satisfaction are the good issue of healthcare as well as a good perception of the skills, attitude and availability of the service providers. However, the environment’s uncleanliness, the personnels’ neglect of care, the bad management of the pain during birth and the unexpected costs were some sources of dissatisfaction with care. Conclusion The participating women showed enough satisfaction with perinatal services, but this satisfaction hides many flaws in the quality in terms of healthcare and interpersonal relationships. The interventions should target these aspects to increase the quality of maternal healthcare.

Keyphrases: Patient Satisfaction, Maternal Health Services, Quality of Maternal Health Care, Focus groups, semi-structured interviews, phenomenology, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Relation entre l’exposition aux parabènes et les hormones de la reproduction : une étude chez les jeunes filles canadiennes

Background: Parabens are chemical substances used as preservatives for their antibacterial and antifungal properties in many everyday products (personal care, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food). Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown their endocrine disrupting potential, raising some concerns for potential adverse human health effects.  Objective: To assess the cross-sectional association between urinary concentration of parabens and serum reproductive hormones (estradiol, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) in girls in the general Canadian population. Methods: Data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2014 – 2015) on girls aged 6-17 were used for this study. Associations between hormones and parabens were analyzed with multivariable linear regressions, adjusting for potential confounders (i.e., age, body mass index, ethnicity, household income, and sampling season). Results: The girls and teens included in the study (n=382) were mostly white (76%), had a normal body mass index (73%), and detectable levels of at least one paraben (92%). We observed significantly lower concentrations of reproductive hormones with higher paraben concentrations; there was no association with progesterone concentrations. A doubling in urinary parabens was associated with lower estradiol by 5.8% (95% CI -9.3, -2.1), lower FSH by 4.2% (95% CI -7.9, -0.3), and lower LH by 10.8% (95% CI -17.4, -3.7). Discussion: This study shows that exposure to parabens is associated with lower circulating levels of reproductive hormones in young girls in the general population. The cross-sectional design does not allow to make causal inferences. However, these results are consistent with animal studies and suggest that exposure to parabens during development may affect the functioning of the reproductive system. Future studies should employ a longitudinal design verify these results.

Keyphrases: Estradiol, Gonadotrophines, Parabens, Endocrine disruptor, Girl, Sex steroids hormones, Progesterone, Gonadotropins, Fsh, Lh, Puberty
L'utilisation des sons spatialisés horizontalement en tant qu'aide à la navigation chez des aveugles précoces et tardifs

Vision is the preferred sense for interacting with our environment. This is why the visual system takes up more than a third of the cerebral cortex. When an individual loses his vision, this system misses its primary source of stimuli. It therefore undergoes a massive neuronal reorganization and becomes an intermodal space. To do so, it recruits afferents from other modalities so that they take over the functions that are normally mediated by vision. This phenomenon, known as cerebral plasticity, is stimulated by the experience of blindness as well as by the training of the functional senses. This causes the blind to develop supra-abilities in their functional modalities. Sensory substitution is a principle that exploits this phenomenon. It makes it possible to substitute a deficient modality with another modality. To help the blind, sensory substitution devices are being developed to convey visual information via touch or hearing. Although these devices attempt to provide functional vision for the blind, the main issue they try to address is the improvement of the navigational independency of the blind. However, these devices are very little appreciated by the blind since they are inaccessible and provide a complex signal that requires intense training and too high of a cognitive load. Therefore, in this project, we evaluated the potential of a new sensory substitution device that provides information strictly relevant to spatial navigation in the form of horizontally spatialized sounds. To do so, early blind , late blind and sighted blindfolded individuals were tested for their ability to detect and avoid obstacles using the device under experimental conditions. The study showed that it is possible to use this device as a navigation aid and that this system is used more effectively by the blind.

Keyphrases: Sensory substitution, Spatial navigation, Blindness, Cross-modal plasticity
L’effet d’une potentialisation cholinergique sur la régionalisation et la synchronisation corticale d’un conditionnement visuel

The cholinergic system of the basal forebrain modulates the visual cortex and enhances visual acuity and discrimination when activated during visual conditioning. As wide-field calcium imaging provides cortical maps with a fine regional and temporal resolution, we used this technique to determine the effects of the cholinergic potentiation of visual conditioning on cortical activity and connectivity in the visual cortex and higher associative areas. Mesoscopic calcium imaging was performed in head-fixed GCaMP6s adult mice during resting state or monocular presentation of conditioned (0.03 cpd, 30°, 100% contrast) or non-conditioned 1Hz-drifting gratings (30°, 50 and 75% contrast; 90°, 50, 75 and 100% contrast), before and after conditioning. The conditioned stimulus was presented 10 min daily for a week. Donepezil (DPZ, 0.3 mg/kg, s.c.), a cholinesterase inhibitor that potentiates cholinergic transmission, or saline were injected prior to each conditioning session and compared to a sham-conditioned group. Cortical maps were established, then amplitude, duration, and latency of the peak response, as well as size of activation were measured in the primary visual cortex (V1), secondary visual areas (AL, A, AM, PM, LM, RL), the retrosplenial cortex (RSC)  , and higher cortical areas. Visual stimulation increased calcium signaling in all primary and secondary visual areas, but no other cortices (except RSC). The cortical responses were sensitive to contrast but not to grating orientation. There were no significant effects of sham-conditioning or conditioning alone, but DPZ treatment during conditioning significantly decreased the evoked neuronal activity response for the conditioned stimulus in V1, AL, PM, and LM. The size of activated area and signal-to-noise ratio were affected in some cortical areas. There was no effect for the non-conditioned stimuli. Interestingly, signal correlation appeared only between V1 and the ventral visual pathway and RSC and was decreased by DPZ administration. The resting state activity was slightly correlated and rarely affected by treatments, except between binocular and monocular V1 in both hemispheres. In conclusion, despite the previously observed enhancement of the cortical response of layer 4 after visual conditioning with cholinergic potentiation, mesoscale cortical calcium imaging showed that cholinergic potentiation diminished the cortical activation in layer 2/3 and sharpened the responses to the conditioned visual stimulus in V1 and PM, via a layer-dependent effect.

Keyphrases: Cholinergic potentiation, Mesoscale calcium imaging, Visual conditioning, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, Visual cortex