NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Rencontres au sein du cinéma québécois : une recherche-création intersectionnelle de la représentation des différences

This thesis-film explores two core questions: First, how can we understand the articulation (Slack, 1996) of gender, sexual, cultural, or racial, physical, or subjective differences in certain Québec films? And second, how can a critical study of differences facilitate a conceptualization of Québéc cinema as part of a « regime of representation » (Hall, 1997) articulated around certain norms (Butler, 2004)? There is a recurring preoccupation in the scholarly literature on Québec cinema concerning questions of national identity, a preoccupation closely associated with practices of differentiation between “us” and “the Other” (Poirier, 2004a, 2004b; Boulais, 2006; Barrette, 2009; Juteau et Fontaine, 1996). In response to the political urgency of developing new ways of understanding these questions, I adopt an intersectional approach (Bilge 2009) that allows me to explore differences in an inductive manner in order to develop an integrated discussion of power relations and the articulation of different forms of oppression. I argue that power struggles over representation (Hall, 1997; du Gay et al., 1997) are articulated with broader power relations in Québec society. Inspired by queer and feminist theories, film studies and cultural studies, I develop an autoethnographic method (Maréchal, 2009) in the context of a research/creation process (Sawchuk and Chapman, 2012). My intermedial project allows for new possibilities (Mariniello, 2000), notably in facilitating dialogue between different voices and experiences, blurring the boundaries between different media and methods, and allowing me to develop the concept of the encounter. In fact, the conceptual exploration of the encounter and the personal experience of encounters were crucial to my project. An ethical and intermedial exploration of the encounter permits me to to avoid fixing differences, and rather to explore differences in a process of recognition and the emergence of identity.

Keyphrases: Cultural Studies, Queer Studies, Research-creation, Authoethnography, Québec's cinema, Differences, Identity, Études queer
Contributions of local, lateral and contextual habitat variables to explaining variation in fisheries productivity metrics in the littoral zone of a reservoir

As freshwater fisheries become increasingly prone to habitat alteration, it is critical we identify the components of habitat that greatly influence fisheries productivity metrics.  Using fish habitat modeling, we compared relative contributions of three types of habitat variables to explain variation in abundance, biomass and richness metrics, and identified habitat variables most effective at explaining these variations.  During the summers of 2012 and 2013, fish communities in 43 littoral sites were sampled from Lac du Bonnet, a reservoir in southeastern Manitoba (Canada). Seven different sampling scenarios, consisting of different sampling methods, years and time periods, were used to measure relative abundance, biomass and richness metrics for all species combined per site.  Three types of habitat variables were measured: local (i.e. within site), lateral (i.e. shore characterization) and contextual (i.e. position relative to landscape attributes) variables.  Together local and contextual habitat variables explained on average 44% R2adj of the variation across fisheries productivity metrics, while only 2% R2adj of the variation was explained by lateral habitat variables.  Specifically, macrophyte coverage, distance to tributaries ≥ 50 m wide, and distance to marshes ≥ 100,000 m2 ranked most significant across metrics, suggesting these habitat variables may be most effective at explaining variation in fisheries productivity metrics in the littoral zone of reservoirs.

Keyphrases: fish habitat modeling, habitat variables, fisheries productivity metrics, reservoir, seining, gillnetting, electrofishing
Activation de la voie oncogénique mTOR par les formes mutées de l'isocitrate déshydrogénase 1/2 retrouvées chez les gliomes

One hallmark of cancer cells is the reprogramming of their energy metabolism. Tumors often have mutations in the enzymes regulating the different metabolic pathways, which contribute to dysregulation of the cells and oncogenesis. Among these enzymes is the isocitrate deshydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and 2 (IDH2), converting isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate in the citric acid cycle. They are frequently mutated in gliomas, which alters their function. In fact, once mutated, IDH1/2 acquire the capacity to convert α-ketoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), an oncometabolite inhibiting α-ketoglutarate dependant enzyme such as KDM4A, a lysine demethylase. Looking towards new oncogenic pathways potentially regulated by mutations of IDH1/2, we first observed that these mutations and mutations in PTEN, which is a negative regulator of the mTOR signaling pathway, are mutually exclusive in gliomas. This suggests that mutations of these enzymes could mimic some effects of PTEN mutations and thus create a similar oncogenic environment. We found  that IDH1/2 mutations could activate the mTOR pathway through 2HG production and accumulation. This activation relies in part on KDM4A inhibition by the oncometabolite. KDM4A is involved in stabilizing DEPTOR, an mTOR inhibitor. Thus, KDM4A inhibition by 2HG leads to DEPTOR destabilisation, resulting in mTOR activation. Overall, this work defines mTOR activation as a new mechanism regulated by IDH1/2 mutations in gliomas.

Keyphrases: 2-hydroxyglutarate, KDM4A, mTOR, DEPTOR, Glioblastomes, Cancer, Isocitrate dehydrogenase, 2-hydroxyglutarate, KDM4A, mTOR, DEPTOR, Gliomas, Glioblastomas, Cancer, Oncogene, Metabolism
Le métier de premier assistant réalisateur au Québec contemporain

This memoir in Film studies has been written in a context of research-creation and is about the first assistant director’s work in Quebec. A documentary (HD 27 min.) directed and edited by Anne-Catherine Bolduc goes along the master. The interviews footage (20 hours) is the reference for the executive summary of the documentary’s interviews and for this study of the first assistant director’s unknown job. Filmed in 2014, the documentary presents the viewpoint of ten professionals about the first assistant director’s job. The two documents describe and analyze the first assistant director’s job in evaluating the functions as well as the organizational and creative impacts on the realization. They address two main questions, namely what is the first assistant director’s job currently in Quebec and do the first assistant director have a creative influence on the film or television production.

Keyphrases: Pré-production, Breakdown, First assistant director, Call Sheet, Organization, Pre-filming, Director, Producer, Schedule, Set, Work
Développement d’une méthode SPRi-MALDI-IMS pour la quantification et l’identification des protéines dans des empreintes de tissus biologiques

Several medical tests, such as breast cancer screening, are based on the observation of tissue section under a microscope. These tests rely on the interpretation of a specialist and the results can vary due to subjectivity of these analyses. Using an analytical technique able to quantify and identify molecular targets in a tissue section would enable experts to produce more objective diagnostic and possibly reduce the number of misdiagnosis. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the development of a SPRi-MALDI-IMS technique for imaging proteins in a tissue section. MALDI-IMS is the contemporary technique of choice for biomolecule imaging in tissue sections. However, absolute quantification of material absorbed to the surface cannot be performed using MALDI-IMS. The absolute quantification of proteins in two dimensions was successfully achieved by coupling of the MALDI-IMS with SPRi. Accordingly, we investigated by studying the nature of the surface chemistry and the amount of material adsorbed on the sensor’s surface. In addition, the kinetics of the protein transfer had to be optimized to produce imprints corresponding to the transferred tissue and to reach the dynamic ranges of both SPRi and MALDI-IMS instruments. The resulting technique led to quantitative and qualitative images of proteins in two dimensions of a single tissue section. It is envisioned that SPRi-MALDI-IMS can eventually meet the needs of medical experts for pathological screening.

Keyphrases: MALDI-IMS, SPRi, mass spectrometry, Imaging
Intervention dans le processus de réinsertion sociale au Québec : une étude du point de vue des agents de réinsertion sociale en collectivité

This thesis aims to understand the work experience of professionals involved in offender reintegration in a community monitoring context in Quebec. More specifically, this research aims to grasp their role, considering that they must both ensure public safety and promote reintegration. The study also attempts to bring to light their work practices, based on effective risk management logic. Finally, this thesis aims to understand the role of reintegration within their functions. To proceed, the qualitative approach was used to conduct fifteen (15) interviews with probation officers and community workers in charge of offender supervision in Quebec. Two (2) main themes emerged from these interviews. On one hand, Work is described in regards to role duality, legal and clinic responsibilities and intervention focused on risk and reintegration. On the other hand, the Work context refers to partnerships created with other professionals involved in the reintegration, actuarial assessment, as well as instances that may influence their work practices, such as the media, the Parole Board of Quebec and the Correctional Services of Quebec. It appears from our analysis that public safety through effective risk management results in rationalization of their practices as well as monitoring as a part of their role. However, it seems that these two (2) aspects are primarily motivated by a strong desire to help offenders. Our study shows that those implicated in the reintegration process must juggle with multiple goals within their duties. Reintegration is not the only objective pursued, as they must constantly adjust their actions to focus on the main character involved in their work: the offender.

Keyphrases: reintegration, community supervision, experience, work, risk assessment
Documenter les pratiques évaluatives de trois enseignants du primaire au Sénégal au regard de la rétroaction écrite en correction de textes d'élèves du CM1

Our research is part of the adoption by Senegal of the competency-based approach with evaluation practices promoting the success of the greatest number of students. These practices include those related to formative assessment through feedback, which can extend the learning activities (Scallon, 2004; OECD, 2005) and allow control experience. With this in mind, we looked the ways of the formative evaluation of three Senegalese primary school teachers. The goal is to document their ways to practice written feedback before and after experiment annotations according to Rodet (2000) and Lebœuf (1999) models.  In this context, our research derives its foundations from qualitative research related to the naturalistic paradigm (Fortin, 2010; Deslauriers and Kérésit, 1997; Savoie-Zajc and Karsenti, 2011). Specifically, we opted for a research-training through the double approach we have taken. First, the study is covered by a qualitative research approach as Fortin (2010) conceives it and that, for purposes of understanding of targeted teachers’ written feedback practices. Secondly, the researcher follows a training process based on the works of Galvani (1999) and Lafortune (2006), with the goal of the practice of annotations’ experimentation.  As collection instruments , we used semi- structured individual interviews through two interview guides , in addition to two collection grids of annotations .   The data analysis revealed that, upstream of the experiment, the written feedback consists essentially of various signs, encrypted notes and comments in the form of global assessments. Downstream, it mainly consists of positive and constructive formulations cognitive content annotations, and injunctive, verdictive and explanatory comments. Finally, teachers find this new way of doing worthwhile in terms of student success but compelling given its time-consuming nature. This research opens, among others, a study on the link between annotations and student success.

Keyphrases: competence-based approach, evaluation practices, formative assessment, written feedback
Étude exploratoire sur les origines du peuplement de l’île de Madagascar : une approche de craniométrie comparative appliquée sur des populations modernes

As of now, origins of the island of Madagascar’s settlement have only been partially investigated. Various populations inhabited the island, thus numerous theories about these origins were devised and explanations vary greatly from source to source. According to archaeology and cultural anthropology, its first settlers came around two millennia before Christ and many waves of migration from Africa and Asia followed in their path. Studies in linguistics and genetics best laid the way for a comprehensive overview of that settlement and pointed to a predominantly Indonesian origin as opposed to an African one. However, comparing these many findings with those obtained through the rarely used phenotypic approach has yet to be done. My goal is therefore to explore this question using craniometric data to test settlement patterns proposed by other fields. Our Malagasy sample (N=207) was subdivided according to various factors (geography, ethnicities and linguistic affiliations). After intragroup and intergroup-based analyses, the sample was compared to more craniometric data, personal and published (N=1184). Two types of statistical approaches (classic multivariate and originating from genetics populations approach, or RMET) were used to achieve diversified and complementary parameters. Results from both approaches support the conclusion that the origins are in fact mixed (Africa and Asia) and their preponderance, linked to region and gender. Indeed, Malagasy men have three sources (south of Southeast Asia, southern Africa and southeast African coast), while women have more of a double origin (Africa and Asia) according to the classic multivariate approach. RMET analyses show that individuals from the northern and the eastern regions of the island share traits with Tanzanian populations as well as similarities with Indian populations. Furthermore, Malagasy from the northern group exhibit higher heterogeneity than other groups (Fst). This phenomenon is likely due to the influx of various populations early in the settlement of the island. This study, based on a small sample, nevertheless confirms previous theses on the diversity of the Malagasy settlement and, in addition, shows that its predominant parts (Africa and Asia) vary according to region and gender.

Keyphrases: Madagascar, variation, RMET, Settlement, craniometry, intragroup, intergroup, multivariate
De l'engagement communautaire à la défense du territoire : les voix politiques des femmes innues face à l'exploitation minière

The Plan Nord, an economic strategy to develop and extract natural resources in northern Quebec, and the departure point of this study, has been a matter of controversy in Quebec since 2011. This study looks specifically at the resistance of the innu ishkueu (Innu women) to the mining-related aspects of the Plan by examining the involved women’s paths of engagement. Analysis is based on a three-month field study carried out in the communities of Uashat mak Mani-Utenam and Matimekush-Lac John, during which semi-structured interviews were conducted. This research jointly uses aboriginal feminist theories, the concept of everyday resistance, and the study of militant careers, in order to demystify aspects of the innu ishkueu political voices that are being raised in defence of the land. First, an ethnohistorical perspective of Innu women’s resistance to mining is presented. This is intended to contribute to other initiatives to provide alternatives to the dominant narrative of Quebec’s mining history (white, male), which has had the effect of doubly obscuring aboriginal women’s perspectives. This is followed by an examination of the paths of engagement and the types of community involvement of the women interviewed. This section leads to examination of the extent to which Innu women’s local modes of action are being transferred to their struggle to defend the land. Lastly, the paper presents an analysis of the construction of innu ishkueu political subjectivities using theories on the politics of resistance of aboriginal women.

Keyphrases: Innu, Plan Nord, Aboriginal women, Militant careers, Anthropology of mining
Neurasthénie sous influence? : l'appropriation d'une maladie «moderne» par les classes moyennes du Viêt Nam colonial (1925-1945)

At the turn of the 20th century, the diagnostic term neurasthenia – or nervous exhaustion coined by American neurologist George Miller Beard in 1869 – was associated with modern civilization. Hence, the term rapidly spread to most Western countries and as far as Japan. Our contemporary language of stress, burn-out, depression and chronic fatigue syndrome has a history that goes back to the birth of the term neurasthenia. As Vietnam underwent deep sociocultural transformations during the French colonial era, especially during the 1920s and 1930s, life conditions became increasingly conducive to the dissemination of the language of nerves and to the appropriation of the term neurasthenia by middle class Vietnamese. This Master’s thesis on the early history of neurasthenia in Vietnam looks into the social transformations effected by the French colonial government, mainly urbanization and public education, which lead to the emergence of a new vietnamese urban middle class. Based on the vietnamese press of the period, it analyzes the appropriation of the diagnostic term neurasthenia by the Vietnamese, the causes to which they attributed neurasthenia, as well as the main treatments proposed by Vietnamese doctors. After comparing how neurasthenia was appropriated in a few Western countries, as well as in Japan and China, and then showing its appropriation in Vietnam, it shows that colonized status meant a somehow limited access to the “modern” disease neurasthenia, somehow similar to the access to “modernity”, due to political domination. The thesis then sheds light on the early history of a diagnosis still used nowadays in Vietnam, of a disease still called there “the disease of our time”.

Keyphrases: Indochine, Citadins, Viet Nam, Indochina, Neurasthenia - history, Urban Vietnamese, Middle classes, Colonial period, Inter-war period
L’exonération conventionnelle de responsabilité confrontée à l’obligation essentielle du contrat

Party autonomy still remains, thankfully, one of the key foundations of civil contract law. The principles of contractual freedom and of the binding force of contracts leave the contracting parties with the choice of defining the different parameters and terms of implementation of their agreement, including a provision for the limitation or even the exclusion of liability arising from a breach of contract.  However, freedom has its limits. Since the adoption of the Civil Code of Quebec, this freedom must necessarily be considered within the context of a moral philosophy of the contractual relationship. The subject of the present thesis thus raises the question of whether the contracting parties’ autonomy goes as far as allowing them to release themselves from an essential obligation within the contractual relationship.  Firstly, we shall study the main legal concepts raised by this issue: the exclusion of liability clause, on the one hand, and the concept of essential obligation, on the other. Secondly, we shall see to what extent the principles of contractual freedom and binding force of contract are likely to justify the enforcement of an exclusion clause in the event of a fundamental breach of contract, first under the Civil Code of Lower Canada, then under the Civil Code of Quebec. The last part of the study will be dedicated to the impact of contractual morality within the Civil Code of Quebec on the exclusion of liability clause. In light of contemporary jurisprudence, the moral conception of the contract clearly conflicts with using the exemption clause to release a party in the event of his or her breach of an essential obligation.

Keyphrases: obligations, Contract, obligations, contractual liability, exclusion of liability clause, essential obligation, contractual morality
Caractérisation des lymphocytes T CD4+CD8+ dans le contexte de la sclérose en plaques

A small population of T lymphocytes expressing both CD4 and CD8 called double positive (DP) T lymphocytes has been detected in the peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients affected by different pathologies such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesize that these cells represent a highly activated T lymphocyte subset that could contribute to the characteristic inflammation found in MS. Thus, we compared DP T cells from healthy donors to those from untreated MS patients. We found similar frequencies of DP T lymphocytes between both groups. A higher percentage of DP T lymphocytes expressed the IL-15R (interleukin 15 receptor) than other T cell populations. Moreover, IL-15 triggered the phosphorylation of STAT5 in a greater proportion of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to other T cells. A greater percentage of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes can produce interferon gamma and lytic enzymes compared with other T cell subsets. However, those levels were drastically lower in MS patients. The phenotypic characterization of the DP cells suggests they have similar properties as activated T cells. Even though the characterization process is still in its infancy, it appears that the DP T cells may lose some of their properties in MS patients.

Keyphrases: Lymphocytes T DP (CD4+CD8+), IL-15, STAT, Th1/Th2/Th17, Multiple sclerosis, DP T lymphocytes (CD4+CD8+)
La perception naïve non native des voyelles nasales du portugais

Adults may experience difficulties discriminating phonemes of a second language (L2) that do not serve to distinguish lexical items in their native language (L1). Brown’s (1998) Feature Model (FM) advances that adults may be able to create new sound categories only if these can be built from contrastive features existing in their L1. This hypothesis has been tested on various consonant contrasts in a number of languages; however, it appears that features applying on vowels have never been examined from this perspective and neither have features that operate both in the vowel and the consonant systems and that may have a contrastive or a non-contrastive status. The main purpose of the present study was to test the validity of the FM with respect to the oral-nasal vowel contrast of Brazilian Portuguese. The naïve perception of the contrast /i/-/ĩ/ by French, English, Caribbean Spanish, and conservative Spanish speakers was examined, given that these four languages differ with respect to the status of nasality. Moreover, the perception of the non-naïve contrast /e/-/ẽ/ was included to compare naïve and non-naïve perception performances. The obtained data for the naïve discrimination of /i/-/ĩ/ allowed to draw the following conclusions for the first exposure to a non-native contrast: (1) the feature [nasal] operating contrastively in the grammar of a given L1 can be redeployed within the vowel system, (2) the feature [nasal] operating contrastively in the grammar of a given L1 may not be redeployed across systems (consonant to vowel), and (3) the feature [nasal] operating non-contrastively in the grammar of a given L1 might or might not be redeployed to contrastive status. Lastly, the non-naïve perception of /e/-/ẽ/ was successful for all groups, suggesting that the three types of redeployment are possible with more experience in the L2.

Keyphrases: Feature Model, Naïve perception, Feature nasal, Feature Model, Redeployment