NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Analyse de la distribution des génotypes du virus du papillome humain dans les néoplasies anogénitales et de la tête et du cou en Afrique comparativement au reste du monde

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Several studies have shown its involvement in the etiology of virtually all cancers of the cervix, which is a major health problem in poor countries. HPV is also responsible for 90% of anal cancers, 40-50% of penile, vulvar and vaginal cancers, and 30% of head and neck cancers. The overall objective of this thesis is to fill the gaps in knowledge on the genotype distribution of HPV in anogenital and head and neck neoplasia, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The specific objectives are to: 1) analyze HPV genotype distribution in cervical cancer and compare this distribution in five African countries according to HIV prevalence; 2) evaluate the presence of HPV in cancers of the head and neck in Senegal; 3) review the literature on the distribution of HPV in cancers of the head and neck in all regions of the world and perform a meta-analysis. For the first and second objectives, which were derived from a larger international project coordinated by the Catalan Institute of Oncology for the World Health Organization (WHO), a cross-sectional multicentric study was conducted to collect paraffin-embedded blocks of invasive cervical cancer and head and neck cancer diagnosed between 2001 and 2010 in Mali and Senegal. For the third objective, a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted to identify all articles published to date on head and neck cancer. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of HPV DNA according to cancer site and geographical region.  Our analysis shows that the main HPV types targeted in the prophylactic vaccines (HPV16/18) accounted for the majority of the HPV types found in invasive cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Our data also suggests that HIV may play a role in the contribution of HPV18 and HPV45 to the development of cervical cancer. However, HPV45 ranks second in many African countries, notably in Mali and Senegal. In Senegal, our study shows that HPV DNA prevalence in head and neck cancer is very low and is not importantly involved in the oncogenesis. Finally, the meta-analysis measured the prevalence of HPV in cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx, and confirmed the significant relative contribution of HPV16 in these cancers.    Overall, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the potential impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines on the incidence of HPV-associated cancers.

Keyphrases: HPV, cervical cancer, genotype distribution, anogenital cancer, head and neck cancer, sub-Saharan Africa
Facteurs liés à l’adoption du dossier médical électronique (DME): une étude de cas sur le processus d'implantation d’un DME dans un groupe de médecine de famille

With the hope of improving the efficiency, effectiveness, quality, and safety of health care, most countries have made or are making investments to computerize their health systems. Despite the allocation of huge resources, the implementation of electronic medical records (EMR) has experienced significant resistance by end-users. Several theoretical models have been used to explain the adoption of an EMR by health care professionals, and a variety of factors acting on different levels have been identified: individual, organizational and related to the technology itself. The objective of this research is to deepen the level of knowledge about the factors influencing the adoption of EMRs by health professionals. This research is a single case study with nine interviews and one non-participant observation during the one-year period following the completion of the EMR-KinLogix implementation process in the Family Physician Group that is a part of the Health and Social Service Center Southwest Verdun (Montreal, Canada). The analysis identified facilitators and barriers to adoption. Facilitators were perceived usefulness, the decision of the family physician group to implement the EMR, managerial support, and the presence of champions and super users. The most important barriers were negative impact on clinical work, the fragmentation of information in the EMR and the problems of technical infrastructure. This knowledge will contribute to the challenge of outlining strategies for successful implementation of electronic medical records.

Keyphrases: Adoption, Acceptation, Implementation, Use, Adoption, Acceptance, Electronic medical records, Critical factors, Facilitators, Barriers, Family physician group, Primary care
La notion de placage chez Daryush Shayegan : la hiérarchisation des épistémès au service du néo-orientalisme

In this thesis, we present the notion of grafting developed by DaryushShayegan. In an inter-epistemic space, grafting links two heteromorphic epistemes (tradition and modernity). As both epistemes cannot be equated to one another without first diluting them, any overlapping characteristics that might emerge will be distorted. By assuming the guise of hermenauts, we strip to the core the structures of the text that define the notion of grafting. We then examine the “non-clear implications”, the author’s preconceived notions that permeate the text. This process forces us to define the notions of paradigm (Kuhn) and of episteme (Foucault), and to grasp how the author utilizes them to construct the notion of grafting. In the second part, we discuss about hierarchical relations between both epistemes. Even though DaryushShayegan’s position contains elements of neo-orientalism, we see that the rhizomic and traditionalist approaches dissolve the problem at hand.

Keyphrases: tradition, rhizome, Daryush Shayegan, grafting, episteme, neo-orentalism, hermeneutic, Islamism, modernity, rhizome
Organisation moléculaire dirigée par le groupe CONH2 en 2D et 3D

Our study involves the design, synthesis and structural analysis of supramolecular architectures obtained by self-assembly, based on the concepts of molecular tectonics. This branch of supramolecular chemistry explores the properties of molecules called tectons,from the Greek word tectos, meaning builder. Tectons typically incorporate sites of recognition connected to well-chosen skeletons with defined geometries. The sites of recognition, oriented by the geometry of the skeleton, can participate in intermolecular interactions that are sufficiently strong and directional to control the topology of the resulting assembly. This strategy is thereby based on self-assembly processes involving reversible interactions between tectons. Self-assembly directed by strong directional intermolecular interactions is widely used to produce materials whose components must be positioned in three dimensions (3D) in a predictable way. This strategy can also be used to control molecular association in two dimensions (2D), thereby allowing the construction of predictably organized and predetermined nanopatterns on various surfaces, such as graphite.Our work has focused on the behavior of the amide groups as primary sites of intermolecular interaction. These groups are analogues of carboxyl groups, which have been widely used in previous studies of directed molecular assembly. We have studied the 3D and 2D association of compounds with flat cores designed to favor the formation of sheets and to facilitate adsorption on graphite, modified by the addition of amide groups to promote the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The ability of these compounds to form predictably ordered 2D nanopatterns has been examined by scanning tunneling microscopy, and their organization in 3D has also been investigated by X-ray crystallography. In our study, we have systematically altered molecular geometry and other parameters to examine their effect on molecular organization. Our results suggest that combined structural analyses in 2D and 3D are an important asset in the effort to understand why molecules aggregate in particular ways and how these preferences can be altered by underlying surfaces.

Keyphrases: Amides, Amides, Supramolecular association, Crystal engineering, Hydrogen bond, X-ray diffraction, Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
L’abjection dans les récits de Nelly Arcan

How the abjection inhabiting women’s writing can be understood? What abjection lies in Quebec writer Nelly Arcan’s narratives Putain (2001), Folle (2004) and À ciel ouvert (2007)? First of all, a synthesis of the theoretical perspectives among abjection and a list of archetypal abject « objects » are drawn, before presenting how the abject can be solved dialectically into its opposite, notably through a work of art. The imaginary of the Arcanian abjection is then mapped. Feminine abject representations draw specific topoï and abject mecanisms un-shape the text’s body, led by the eternal return’s tragic logic. Further on, performative effects of Arcan’s text are explored : on an affective level, they allow the purification of abjection, and on a discursive and uttering level, a critique of the later. Finally, as shown by this study’s results, the Arcanian corpus should be considered in the wake of the great XXth century writers of abjection.

Keyphrases: Abject, Nelly Arcan, Contemporary literature, Women's writing, Abjection
Les fins d’emploi de carrière et les emplois de transition vers la retraite selon la profession au Canada, 2002 à 2007

In Canada, the ongoing aging of the labour force has direct effects on the labour market and the way workers live their transition to retirement. Thus many believe in the importance of studying the lifecourse of older workers. Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this study analyzes the older workers who left a career job between 2002 and 2007, and looks at their subsequent labour market activity in order to know if some of them entered a bridge job. This research focuses on occupational differences for the first time in the Canadian literature. In proportion, the results show higher than average rates of leaving their career job in some specific occupations, especially teachers and managers. Moreover this study aims to measure the proportion of older workers who found a bridge job in a different occupation.

Keyphrases: retirement, transition, career jobs, bridge jobs, occupations, Canada
Du Roman au théâtre : le motif du Graal réactualisé dans les textes de théâtre de Jean Cocteau, Julien Gracq et Jacques Roubaud/Florence Delay

This work examines the transformations of the Holy Grail from medieval romances to modern plays. The Holy Grail, which first appeared in the Middle Ages, remains a source of inspiration for modern writers and gained, over time, a legendary status. This important feature of Arthurian literature has evolved significantly since the Middle Ages, where it remained however confined to narrative forms. After the festival (Bühnenweihfestspiel) where Wagner’s Parsifal was first presented in 1882 in Bayreuth, more recent works have renewed the myth by adapting it to the theatre. Jean Cocteau, in 1937, in Les Chevaliers de la Table Ronde, presented an inaccessible and intangible Grail. In 1948, Julien Gracq, in Le Roi Pêcheur, placed the Grail at the core of the opposition between profane and sacred. Jacques Roubaud and Florence Delay, in editions of 1977 and 2005 of Graal Théatre, opted for a rewriting where contradictory representations of the myth coexist. These modern dramas, where the representation of the Grail is at the center of the writing experience, are thus in direct connection with medieval works. They are part of a redefinition of the object that has constantly renewed itself since Chrétien de Troyes’ Conte du Graal.    In all three cases, the representation of the Grail shows conflicting relationships with the medieval Arthurian literary heritage. The main hypothesis of this research lies in the idea that rewriting has to do with the transformation of a legacy. More specifically, it comes to understand how the representation of the Holy Grail is dealt with in modern dramas, how it is modulated by the authors in rhetorical, stylistic and dramaturgical terms. The use of parody, anachronisms and new dramatic voices, for example, allows modern authors to revisit and change their relation to this object. The Grail is thus redefined in different historical contexts and in a genre quite distinct from medieval romances.

Keyphrases: Graal, Grail, Theatre, Genre theory, Medieval studies
Le Rôle de la volonté dans l’acte de la recherche de la vérité chez Thomas d’Aquin

According to the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas, the main powers of the soul, the intellect and the will, interact in human activities. One of the most important activities is identified by the doctor as the search for truth. This research is part of the ultimate purpose of man. The truth, which is the good of the intelligence, is willed by the will which is a rational appetite. Thus, according to the Dominican “the will wants that the intelligence thinks.” Because the truth is not the only good proposed to the free will, the will must choose to pursue it to the detriment of other competing goods. To achieve this goal, the will must perfect the powers of the soul through habitus and virtues while avoiding the vices that lead to errors. The search for truth is, according to Thomas Aquinas, a moral act.

Keyphrases: Thomas Aquinas, Reason, Intelligence, Will, Truth, Finality, Habitus, Vertue, Virtue, Morale, Moral, Freedom
La dialectique paradoxale chez Kierkegaard : étude du paradoxe dans les sphères existentielles

The philosophical work of Kierkegaard deals with a dialectic of the paradox. Actually, in his existential progress, the individual goes through three spheres of existence – the aesthetic, the ethical and the religious –, each of which is a modality of the human activity that contains a particular paradox. His thought follows the progress of interiority, which aims, in existence, at the end of becoming a single individual. In this way, the aesthete is torn between the pure idea and reality, whereas the ethicist, through the mediation of language, prefers to assert himself as an individual within concrete immanence, ignoring however that he interiorizes social rules which are impersonal him. As for the religious believer, not only does he discover that the truth at which he aims is not within himself, but he faces the highest of the paradoxes, based on transcendance – that is the absolute paradox, whereby eternity temporalizes itself in the shape of the Man-God. In general, the present master’s thesis analyzes the concept of the paradox put forward by Kierkegaard to present the progress of every existing being towards becoming a single individual.

Keyphrases: Existence, Paradoxe, Individu, Kierkegaard, Philosophy, Existence, Paradox, Individual, Interiority, Freedom, Kierkegaard
Préparation, étude de l’orientation et caractérisation physico-chimique de films polymères comportant des fluorophores

The intrinsic, photophysical, electrochemical and crystallographic properties of the fluorescent molecules 4,4'-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)stilbene (BBS) and 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl)thiophene (BBT) have been investigated in solution as well as in semi-crystalline poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and polylactide (PLA). Both fluorophores were found to be characterized by high fluorescence absolute quantum yields. However, fluorescence quenching was found to occur by intersystem crossing to the triplet state for BBT, and by trans-cis photoisomerization for BBS. The latter process was kinetically concentration-dependent, resulting in a pure photoinduced cis-isomer at low concentrations, which is accompanied at high concentrations by the appearance of an acidic compound after photocleavage followed by oxidation.  This study revealed pronounced spectroscopic changes upon an increase of the fluorophore concentration, especially in the solid-state, specific to aggregation of ground state molecules for BBT or excimer formation for BBS, thus correlating the fluorescent features with the single crystal characteristics for each fluorophore. Moreover, the transformation from molecular dispersion to phase separation, occurring for BBS, is accompanied by a significant colour change from blue to green, which is sensitive to deformation, time and temperature, thus affecting the absolute fluorescence quantum yields and providing a broad opportunity for the creation of a wide variety of smart polymers with self-assessing capabilities. On the other hand, the BBT’s high solubility in common solvents combined with its measured enhanced optoelectronic properties make it a candidate as a universal fluorophore reference and smart material for both polymeric and solution studies.  Similarly to blends comprising miscible polymers, the PBS orientation was found to increase by adding a fluorescent molecule, whose monomers tend to be oriented in stretched films, contrary to excimers or aggregates.

Keyphrases: Fluorescence, Orientation, Polyesters, Fluorophores, Indicating materials, Characterization, Quenching mechanism
Construction interactive de BRDFs par simulation 2D de micro-géométries en couches multiples

Complex reflection models, with their many parameters, some of which are not intuitive at all, are difficult to control when trying to achieve a desired appearance. Moreover, even if an artist can more easily understand the shape of the surface micro-geometry, its 3D modeling and 4D simulation remain extremely tedious and expensive in memory. We propose an intermediate solution, where the artist represents a 2D cross section of a material, by drawing a multi-layered surface micro-geometry. An efficient 2D ray tracing simulation captures the light distribution specific to those micro-geometries. Off plane deflection is automatically calculated in a probabilistic way, based on the surface normal at the intersection point and the incident ray direction. This results in complete and complex isotropic BRDFs, simulated at interactive rates, and allowing interactive editing of rich and varied materials.

Keyphrases: Material editing, BRDF, Reflection, Semi-transparence, Semi-transparency, Raytracing, Monte Carlo simulation, Micro-geometry, Micro-structures, Micro-structures, Multi-layers
Camp et Forêt suivi de Quatre objets de mémoire

Camp presents a Nazi officer and his Jews : a little girl leaning on her previous life so that she’ll survive in her afterwards life, a young woman livened up by a pungent inner freedom and a group of prisoners, the grey herd. This story takes place within few days inside an extermination camp, in Poland. It is about an insane plan, envisioned and implemented by the Nazi whose discourse is similar to muddled and vacuous logorrheas. At the very roots of the unveiling of the character’s individuality (the prisoners), the quest for a denied humanity emanates from the grace and the vital force of the protagonist, the little girl, towards her plan-of-anyhow-life. First written in parallel then in the end, Forêt is not the continuation of Camp even if it is, as well… This brief poetical narrative relates a woman’s crossing of a forest while searching for her Edens. Hailed and quite often jeered for what it became, the site turns into an actant. Through its mythical remnants, Forest ergo compels the woman’s doomed step-by-step.  The essay Quatre objets de mémoire focuses on the appropriation and transmission of the memory of the Holocaust through remnants, details, small things regarded here as imaginable traces. I examine quaint signs of unlikely objects (Third Reich’s administrative leaflets, Auschwitz-Birkenau’s fragmented pictures and images of its woods and latrines) in order to disclose small pieces of what is the hidden, the secretive and the unspeakable about the Final Solution. The affect experienced upon their contact, through what I call the “necessary abandonment”, is thusly analyzed with the purpose to comprehend the corresponding pains and to seize them for myself. Photo Artist Marie-Jeanne Musiol’s work on Auschwitz-Birkenau underlies this perennial desire to remember.

Keyphrases: Marie-Jeanne Musiol, Auschwitz-Birkenau, forêt, traces, Holocaust, site memory, fictional narrative, photography of camps, forest, remnants
Les fonctions de la dialectique chez Aristote selon Topiques I,2

The purpose of this dissertation is to explain in detail the importance of a very precise passage of the Topics, treatise where Aristotle tries to find a method which will allow to reason in a dialectical way. In the second chapter of the first book (I, 2), he expresses in a brief way three utilities that the treatise in question can provide to those who own and control this method properly.  First of all, the dialectic would serve as a mental gymnastic to train the mind and give it more flexibility in its reasoning. Secondly, it would be useful in the everyday encounters with others, because it would allow to discuss and argue on any given subject with the first person we could meet. Finally, it also seems that the dialectic would be useful for the "philosophical knowledge ", in the sense that it would go through the puzzles and ultimately, would establish the first principles of each science. In this work, I thus suggest examining each of its claimed utilities to see how, and in which measures, we can really assert that the dialectic turns out profitable for each of the services enumerated in Topics I, 2.

Keyphrases: Science, Philosophy, Aristotle, Dialectic, Topics, Mental gymnastic, Peirastic, Science, Puzzles, First principles