NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Caractérisation d'une famille de récepteurs kinases impliqués dans le développement gamétophytique chez Arabidopsis thaliana

Cell to cell communication is paramount during plant developmental processes, from cellular identity in early organogenesis to pollen tube guidance. In response to this requirement, molecular cell signalling is used to perceive an external signal and transduce the response by an intracellular signalling cascade leading to specific gene activation. The sensing protein is typically a receptor kinase, which will transduce the stimulus by phosphorylation of a cytoplasmic interaction partner. Although plant receptor kinases represent the largest protein kinase family, only handfuls are well characterized. By sequence identity (orthology), a family of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases from Arabidopsis thaliana was identified as AtORK11 (Arabidopsis thaliana Ovule Receptor Kinase 11). Based upon previous results from its ortholog in Solanum chacoense, the ovary- specific ScORK11 receptor kinase, we hypothesized that members of the AtORK11 receptors would be involved in gametophyte development and reproduction. In order to characterize the role of the four family members (AtORK11a, AtORK11b, AtORK11c and AtORK11d), a T-DNA insertional mutant strategy was undertaken, as well as bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays (BiFC). No precise function could be assigned to the double mutants although a dominant negative strategy revealed an involvement in gametophytic development. It was also shown that all of the receptors could form homodimers as well as heterodimers in a heterologous system, suggesting high functional redundancy for the AtORK11 family.

Keyphrases: transduction de signal, leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase, signal transduction, T-DNA insertion mutant, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, tungsten microparticle bombardment
Analyse de la constitution et de l'effectivité de deux personnalités publiques au Québec : éléments d'une problématique du mémoriel

This thesis proposes an approach of the mémoriel which questions the production of memory in its processual character. It has three main features. First, it focuses on a plurality of times involved in the production of memory (but also the establishment of local communities and the production of their continuities). It also places the processes of representation at the heart of its questionings - in particular, it emphasizes the ways in which memory is constituted by representation (instead of examining the ways in which memory is represented). Finally, it questions the ways in which the production of memory contributes to circumscribe, to maintain and to make communities, and what forms of collectivization are realized in this respect. The first chapter outlines this approach to memory in contrast with a presentation of three major families of approaches - approaches to collective memory, approaches of cultural memory and presentist approaches – which apprehend memory as a construct. It also explains how I put the mémoriel to good use in a surface analysis which captures the constitution of representations by which the former hockey player Maurice Richard and the former host and television writer Janette Bertrand are established as public figures, through technologies and figures of public individuality which bring them into being in singular ways. In this perspective, I present, in the second chapter, an analysis of the constitution of Maurice Richard as a hero, and in the third, an analysis of the constitution of Janette Bertrand as a pioneer. In the fourth and final chapter, I notice in particular the effectiveness of the respective technologies and processes of representation by which these public personalities are established. I also bring to light that these technologies and the elements which they produce, run through and put into relation are constantly apprehensible in the singularity of their meetings. I then conclude by outlining the manner in which my approach of the mémoriel contributes to memory studies, a field which is the object of an increasing disciplinarization.

Keyphrases: Mémoriel, Maurice Richard, Janette Bertrand, Technologies, Memory, Mémoriel, Public personalities, Maurice Richard, Janette Bertrand, Surface analysis, Technologies, Figures of public individuality, Hero, Pioneer
Du blogue au livre : réflexions sur la nature générique du blogue

Internet changes our way of processing information. It also changes everyday discourses. As well, people started to write, on the web, texts that eventually made their way into the editorial business.  What impact has Internet on literature? I use my corpus (Les chroniques d’une mère indigne by Caroline Allard, Un taxi la nuit by Pierre-Léon Lalonde and Lucie le chien by Sophie Bienvenu) to answer that question : I try to demonstrate that the blog is a new genre.  Internet, first, influences the materiality of this new genre. Then, whether a blog is read on the web or in a book, it relies essentially on anecdotes organised around a central theme, chosen by a blogger who puts himself on the spot as a character.  Those particularities allow me to compare the blog to two other genres that are similar to it: the diary and the essay.  The blog is different from the diary in many ways, the most important being the theme developed in the blog and the character the blogger builds. At the same time, it cannot be confused with the essay: its very anecdotic nature gives it a more narrative dimension and a blogger doesn’t think the world the same way an essayist does.  In brief, the blog is a unique genre, very young, that is different enough from the diary and the essay to be studied with different tools.

Keyphrases: Internet, anecdote, blog, essay, diary, hypertext
Analyse processuelle de Genèse 2:4b-25 : incidences herméneutiques et théologiques

In the world that has become secular and where the Christian tradition is declining, we are entitled to question the pertinence of the biblical texts. In link with this situation, one can also wonder which representation of God arises depending how one receives these texts. This type of questioning underlies the interest that a Process approach of biblical texts can represent, even though the approach is still not much known in the French-speaking world. Does this approach possesses the ability of bringing some novelty to the vision of God generally offered in the Christian world ? To answer this, it seemed preferable to try the experience from a founding and forerunner text. Genesis 2, known to tell the creation of Adam and Eve, is bearing most stereotypic images by having been read and read, and chewed again. Therefore, seemed to be particularly accurate. But even before exploring the text from a Process angle, it has been proved essential to begin this with a personal translation of the Hebrew text, from and with the help of a syntactic and textual analysis, which as it will be shown, has conducted to open the text to new assumptions of translations and nuances, as so many tracks to be confronted to a Process theology. Finally, this analysis cannot be made without engaging in a dialogue with different commentaries, exegetical or not, in order to underline the convergences as well as the divergences met in the course of the research and of the reflexion.

Keyphrases: Bible, A.T., Bible, A.T., Genesis 2, Exegesis, Hermeneutic, Interpretation, Process Theology, Process, Syntactical analysis
The Broken "I" : fragmentation of self and otherness in modern urban narratives

This paper blends theoretical and creative writing in order to explore the narrative device of the performative “we”. The first chapter highlights the role of discourse in the process of identity formation and will move on to show how the performative role of language is used in the creation of social constructs such as the self and the other. Focusing on the limits of such a system, this paper attempts to create a narrative entity that is free of these boundaries. After some creative writing examples, a second theoretical chapter focuses on the in-depth study on the narrative entity of the flâneur, which, through its relationship with the city, highlights a complex dichotomy present in the relationship between the self and the other. The flâneur will emerge as a site of translation through which the performative “we” can begin to take action. However, the flâneur’s limits as a narrative device prevent it from being the definitive representation of this new relationship. After more creative writing examples, a third chapter combines what was learned from the previous chapters in order to demonstrate that the performative “we” and its dissolution of the “I” and the “you” leads to a narrative that is responsible, self-aware, and highly representative of modern urban reality and its effects on the creation of identity.

Keyphrases: performative, identity, discours, discourse, self, other, city, flâneur, flâneur
La sanction préventive en droit de la responsabilité civile : contribution à la théorie de l'interprétation et de la mise en effet des normes

The discovery of Preventive Sanction in the Law of civil responsibility is made possible by studying, for the first time, the various aspects of prevention (deterrence, cessation, precaution).   To prevent harm at different stages of realization, case law makes a broad use of Preventive Sanction: before harm is done (precautionary and preventive measures), while it is done (stop and cease order), after it is done (temporary damages) and after is has been legally recognized (punitive damages). Crafting a notion of Preventive Sanction becomes then central to the understanding of contemporary legal developments. Preventive Sanction defined as the legal effects arising from the construction of a norm which might be broken, show that early action brought by a plaintiff can be successful. The transformation of traditional requirements for responsibility by these developments can be explained by reframing civil responsibility from its effects.   This perspective allows for the preventive goal of judicial effectuation to be brought to light by the existence of Preventive Sanction. In practice, effectuation is performed by the judge and takes place between the construction and implementation of legal norms. The moment of effectuation occurs when the judge selects the legal effects destined to resolve a dispute. However, the judge is not entirely free when choosing a sanction. Preventive sanction originates from a need of security. Through early introduction of legal action, effectivity sought by plaintiffs impacts judicial effectuation of legal norms.   The practice of law, within a renewed theory of judicial action, is better accounted for by reframing “preventive expression” of the Law of civil responsibility as “legal sanction” arising from the judicial effectuation of legal norms.

Keyphrases: Preventive action, Punitive Damages, Legal Effects, Construction, Effectuation, Precaution, Prevention, Legal Sanctions, Genealogical Method, Stop and cease order
Perceptions de personnes vivant avec une MPOC sévère au regard de leur fin de vie

Living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) means living with a chronic, degenerative and irreversible disease. The associated disabilitated dyspnoea justified an adaptation to the multiples limitations. The quality of life is compromised. The mortality rate of COPD has a steadily increasing incidence. In Québec, it has doubled in the last 20 years. If many studies have been interested by the symptomatology during the last year of life, none have addressed specific interest to the perceptions concerning end of quality life. The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of people living with severe COPD concerning end of life in the perspective of human living with is health. This descriptive qualitative study has been realised with six persons in a university hospital of the metropolitan area of Montreal. This analysis has been realised based on the integral transcripts of interviews as per the Miles and Huberman (2003) method. This study has permitted to identify four themes reflecting the perceptions concerning end of life. The themes were: 1) living and seeing decline, 2) living and preparing to die, 3) dying of COPD means dying of suffocation and 4) dying in the hospital surrounding by lovers. This study has permitted to the participants to express themselves concerning their perceptions of elements contributing to their end of life. So it has been show that people living with COPD wish to die in the hospital surrounding by lovers. In describing their perceptions of living with COPD, this study contributes to a more complete knowledge of the experience of the experience of a end of life when the death is coming. Furthermore, the study proposes some recommendations for the nursing research, practice, formation and management.

Keyphrases: Perceptions, end of life, Person living with COPD, Perceptions
Validité de construit d’un test d’évaluation de la stabilité lombo-pelvienne, le soulèvement actif de la jambe tendue (SAJT) version objective

Introduction: The clinical assessment of the trunk muscles neuromuscular control is lacking in rehabilitation and in conditioning. The main goal of this study was to assess the intra and inter-rater reliability of a clinical test, the active straight leg raise (ASLR), on an active and healthy population. Method: Each subject (18 tennis players) was tested twice by 2 physiotherapists with the ASLR. Results: The intra-rater reliability turned out to be high to very high (ICC = 0.81 à 0.93) while the inter-rater reliability came out clinically unsustainable. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the ASLR is the first reliable clinical test to assess the core neuromuscular control based on muscular and kinetic compensation observations with active and healthy subjects. A more exhaustive training of the assessors would definitely improve the inter-rater reliability.

Keyphrases: Core stability, Spine, Low back pain, Neuromuscular control, Transversus abdominis, Transversus abdominis, Multifidus, Multifidus, Active straight leg raise, Reliability, Athlete, Injury prevention
Le 17B-Estradiol combiné à un biopolymère à base de chitosan accroît la biocompatibilité des cellules progénitrices dérivées de la moelle osseuse

Bone marrow derived cells, including endothelial progenitor cells, are reduced in numbers in patient with cardiovascular disease or risk factors. Mobilization and incorporation of these cells at the vascular lesion site are important events in the reendothelialization process. 17β-estradiol was shown in a mouse model of injury, to favour this healing process through mechanisms which involve the mobilization and incorporation of endothelial progenitor cells derived from the bone marrow. At the moment, there are many strategies to increase endothelial progenitor cells mobilization as well as recruitment into the vascular wall. However, few studies favour local delivery of a large number of functional progenitor cells on a biodegradable scaffold and to maintain them at the lesion site in order to promote reendothelialization. An interesting biopolymer for this application is chitosan. This non toxic and biodegradable biopolymer is commonly used in tissue engineering and was recently used in vascular healing. Phosphorylcholine modified chitosan can increase the water solubility and cell biocompatibility of the biopolymer in physiological condition.  This master project was thus designed to :1) evaluate, in vitro, the capacity of phosphorylcholine modified chitosan to influence cell adhesion, survival, differentiation and functionality in a mouse model of bone marrow mixed culture and 2) determine the impact of 17β-estradiol on these cell behaviours.  Our results suggest an adequate biocompatibility of phosphorylcholine modified chitosan with our cell culture system. Indeed, this polymer was able to promote cell organization and development of bone marrow derived cells in the same way that fibronectin, the most commonly matrix used in the progenitor cells in vitro culture. Moreover, cell migratory activity was not compromised by the chitosan polymer.  It appears that 17β-estradiol, when added to cell culture media or attached on phosphorylcholine modified chitosan is able to modulate differently cell behaviour. Our data suggest that 17β-estradiol coupled to the chitosan polymer was superior to increase the number of haematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells derived from bone marrow in vitro compared to the soluble form. 17β-estradiol coupled to the polymer of phosphorylcholine modified chitosan allowed an increased amplification of progenitor cell number and provided adequate scaffold to favour vascular healing. We propose that phosphorylcholine modified chitosan in presence or not of 17β-estradiol is a compatible matrix with bone marrow derived progenitor cells in vitro. 17β-estradiol enhances the amplification of progenitor cell in vitro when associated to the polymer compared to its soluble form. This biopolymer may be an attractive matrix and a promising vehicle in a drug delivery therapeutic system for progenitor cells recruitment and to promote vascular healing.

Keyphrases: estradiol, estradiol, endothelial progenitor cells, biocompatibility, vascular wound healing
Le travail d'enseignant en milieu carcéral

Until now, the prison has been analyzed, primarily, from the prisoners and warders points of view as if the reality of confinement and the prison-warder relationship were the only likely opinions that could allow us to learn how the prison operates and thus understand its function. On the contrary, we think that other points of view are not only possible but even desirable. In particular, this is the case for teachers who are working in prisons. Although theoretically being able to offer an interesting complement to the functions of dissuasion and social rehabilitation that the prison fills with difficulty, the prison educational project constitutes a more or less marginalized activity which is brought down to the level of  other penitentiary activities. At its highest degree, we are tempted to charge the prison with responsibility for it; and, in fact, a prison does have a certain liability in this matter. Initially conceived to neutralize criminals, it is difficult for the prison to educate them at the same time as pointed out by the sociology of organizations. This marginalization, we will see, is not solely that of the prison but also in the way in which the teachers perceive their work and the mandate which they assign themselves. Prison teachers have defined, for themselves, an ambitious mandate of modeling and remodeling the personalities of their delinquent pupils, a prerequisite, according to them, for a harmonious return to the community. It is an ambitious mandate for which they feel that they do not receive the respect they deserve. This situation is made all the more difficult because, as contractual workers for the majority, they are, in the eyes of the correctional staff, more or less objects of mistrust. This feeling is increased by the fact that the teachers, in order to carry out their work, develop a portrait of the delinquent and offence that is not very compatible with that which prevails in the prison environment. Thus, this marginalization as an organizational fact superimposes a self-marginalization, impossible to circumvent, which is true of the teachers themselves and which results in their attitude of detachment toward the prison. It is all the more paradoxical that the mandate the teachers give themselves, although they take great care to not say it, corresponds completely with that of the correctional project. Even though the prison is more preoccupied with the risk management of its prisoners rather than their social rehabilitation, it does have an interest in education in prison but only insofar as it merges with penitentiary ideology and contributes to a consolidated peace inside the walls made complicit by the teachers themselves. The latter are not easily deceived and object to this point of view and we may ask ourselves whether their criticism of the prison is simply because the prison does not provide them with the required space they believe they should occupy thus leaving them suspended in a vacuum that is the correctional system.

Keyphrases: Prison, Teaching, Prison, Delinquency, Criminality, Education in prison
"Vivre à propos" : la morale sceptique des Essais

We will argue, in the following study, that Montaigne’s Essays, despite their fragmented writing and unsystematic form, indeed contain what deserves to be called an ethics. This ethics, far from contradicting his scepticism, identifies with it in a certain way: Montaigne’s ethics is an ethics of the essay, which is the definitive expression of his scepticisim. The latter, to be correctly understood, needs to be compared with Sextus Empiricus’ « way » (ἀγωγή), whose influence on Montaigne may be more important than it has been argued in recent years.

Keyphrases: Montaigne, Sextus Empiricus, Montaigne, Essays, Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism, Essay, Neo-pyrrhonism, Scepticism, Moral philosophy, Ethics, Judgment
Pour une esthétique du cinéma transludique : figures du jeu vidéo et de l'animation dans le cinéma d'effets visuels du tournant du XXIe siècle

This thesis proposes an analysis between cinema and video games from an interdisciplinary standpoint to demonstrate the remediation of video games’ narrative structures and forms in visual effects-driven films of the early twenty-first century. More specifically, the thesis focuses on the analysis of three major figures of video games and animation films in The Matrix trilogy (Larry and Andy Wachowski, 1999-2003), Avalon (Mamoru Oshii, 2001) and Kung Fu Hustle (Stephen Chow, 2004).  The first section of the thesis is a theoretical framework in which the aesthetic parameters of visual effects-driven films and video games are introduced. Some preliminary thoughts on the aesthetics of visual effects-driven films are first outlined before presenting the main transmedial relationships between cinema and video game. Then, it is the transludic cinema which is defined as the term derives from the unique synergy between cinema and video game. Since transludic cinema specifically concerns the remediation of the aesthetics of video games in contemporary cinema, the grounds of an aesthetics of video game are established. In the second section, the figures and subfigures at the heart of this thesis are developed, and then applied to an analysis of the films. The first figure to be discussed is the motif of exploration, where I analyze the significance of this figure in the video game design and science-fiction films narratives, and the meaning of navigation as a spatio-temporal experience in virtual worlds. Then, I demonstrate the use of the recurring figure of the game level in the contemporary hybrid cinema, which structures the narrative as much as the representational image. Finally, the figure of metamorphosis, an essential characteristic of animation, is being studied to highlight the importance of this figure in digital films. I also explain the transformation of the image that affects the transludic film, an image qualified as an “image-frontière”.

Keyphrases: Animation, The Matrix, Avalon, Cinema, Video game, Animation, Digital, New media