NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Traitement combiné d’orthodontie et de chirurgie orthognatique avec Invisalign® : revue de la durée de traitement et des résultats obtenus

INTRODUCTION Numerous esthetic orthodontic treatment options currently exist to correct dental malocclusions. The gold standard in orthognathic surgery is to use bonded orthodontic brackets. Recently, clear aligners have been proposed as an alternative. The current available literature on this topic consists exclusively of case reports. Therefore, it seems reasonable to assume that further research is needed on this topic.  OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this retrospective study aims to evaluate the quality of the outcomes of combined orthodontic and surgical treatments with Invisalign® when compared with conventional orthodontic treatments. The secondary objective is to compare the duration of treatment between Invisalign® and conventional brackets.  MATERIAL/METHODS Forty-nine patients were recruited from two orthodontic private practices (24 Invisalign® / 25 bracket controls). Both groups were initially similar, as per the ABO Discrepancy Index. The results were assessed using the ABO Phase III method (MGS).  RESULTS The MGS mean scores were consistently higher for Invisalign® and there was a significant difference between the groups regarding alignment, occlusal contacts, root angulations and total score. The duration of pre-surgical preparation and the total treatment time were shorter for the Invisalign® group (p ≤ 0.05).  CONCLUSION Invisalign® provided faster combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment, yet demonstrated inferior quality of results when compared to conventional brackets using the MGS.

Keyphrases: Invisalign, Malocclusion, Orthognathic surgery, Clear aligners
Occlusion of patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta : a comparison with the severity of the syndrome

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited collagen disorder characterized by defective connective tissue with an incidence of 1 in 20,000 births. There is a marked over-representation of Class III malocclusion, negative overjet and lateral openbite in the OI population. Objectives: Primary objective is to evaluate whether the severity of the malocclusions present in OI patients is proportional to the severity of the syndrome.  Secondary objective is to evaluate whether the malocclusion severity increases with age. Methods: Retrospective observational study performed by calculating the Discrepancy Index (DI) of 56 dental casts of patients with mild to severe OI.  DI scores were compared to three variables that characterize the severity of the syndrome: OI type, genetic type and height z-score of each patient. In addition, longitudinal analysis of a subset of 20 OI casts was done to determine whether the malocclusion increases in severity with time. Results: The median DI score was 33.5 [1, 109].  The DI score increased with increasing severity of OI type (p=0.001) and decreasing height z-score (p<0.0001). In addition, longitudinal analysis of 20 OI patients demonstrated a statistically significant increase in DI over time (p=0.05). Conclusion: The malocclusion characteristic of OI patients seems linked to the severity of the syndrome.  In addition, the malocclusion severity seems to increase with age.

Keyphrases: Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Malocclusion, Discrepancy Index
Efficacy and stability of orofacial myofunctional therapy on restoring mature pattern of swallowing and nasal breathing in children before orthodontic treatment

Introduction:  Mouth breathing is often associated with a weak orofacial musculature and a low resting tongue position, leading to malocclusion and potentially sleep-disordered breathing in children.  Objective:  To evaluate the effect of orofacial myofunctional therapy on the reestablishment of a mature pattern of swallowing and nasal breathing by stabilizing a proper position of the tongue and lips at rest. Methods:  This prospective randomized single-blind controlled study evaluated 37 patients (age six to fourteen years) divided into two groups who received either a complete orofacial myofunctional therapy (7 sessions) including swallowing pattern and tongue posture, or a simplified therapy modifying their tongue posture (3 sessions). Both groups were seen at three months and one year following treatment completion.  Results: Results suggested that treatment outcomes were similar when treating tongue-lip posture at rest along with tongue thrust, and treating without addressing tongue thrust (p = 0.59). Both treatments were efficacious as there was a significant difference between the pre- and post- evaluations for both groups (p < 0.001), and these differences remained stable at the one year follow-up. Conclusion:  Treating a tongue thrust habit with specific related exercises, may not be a necessary component of an orofacial myofunctional therapy to reestablish tongue posture at rest and nasal breathing in children with no other functional problems.

Keyphrases: Orofacial myofunctional therapy, Atypical swallowing, Tongue thrust, Nasal breathing, Orthodontics, Malocclusion, Incorrect tongue position at rest, Open-mouth posture
L'étude des facteurs liés aux finalités de l'intervention policière auprès des aînés victimes de crimes contre la personne

There is a vast literature about the underlying factors that contribute to elder abuse. Coercive measures, like the arrest of the suspect, are largerly covered at the expense of other non coercive measures like referring. Moreover, factors that influence the outcomes of police intervention towards elderly persons are less covered and  police data haven't been examined so far regarding the phenomenon of elder victimization in Montreal. Besides providing a picture of elder victimization in 2012 in Montreal, the current study aims to analyse the factors that influence the judiciarization of the suspects as well as the referencing of the elderly. In order to achieve this, 360 police reports involving elders, victims of crime against the person, who knew the suspect at that time, have been analyzed. Descriptive analyses have been made to provide a portrait of elder abuse. Logistic regression have been used to identify explanatory factors of police intervention outcomes. Results show that characteristics that increase the odds for an abused elder to be referred to resources are different of those influencing the judicial actions taken towards the suspect. However, one factor has been found to be common to both outcomes; the relation between the victim and the suspect which remains the strongest predictor of both type of measure that police officers can take at the end of their intervention. Future studies can build upon the results found in this research to deepen knowledge of police intervention outcomes regarding victimized elders.

Keyphrases: Maltraitance, Police, Ressources, Elder, Elderly person, Elder abuse, Victimization, Police, Police intervention, Arrest, Judiciarization, Referring, Logistic regression
Le rôle de la créativité dans le développement de l'expertise sportive

Creativity is an important psychological characteristic linked to expertise. The development of creative thinking is recognized as a key asset in the achievement and maintenance of superior performances in the arts, sciences, health, business, and education, but little is known about its role in sport. Therefore, the general goal of this thesis was to explore the role of creativity in the development of sports expertise. A first study identified some factors influencing creativity among elite athletes. The results showed that practicing several sports at a recreational level throughout the athletic development and being in an environment that promotes problem solving is beneficial to the development of creative thinking. Moreover, it seems that expertise is positively associated with creativity, whereas experience is negatively associated with this construct. Then, a second study found that investment in creative activities lead to a better use of task-oriented coping strategies, which in turn, promoted the achievement of flow state. The results of this study also indicate several positive associations between creativity and flow state attainment. Finally, a third study examined the influence of the implementation of an intervention composed of improvisational activities on elite figure skaters’ performances. Following the intervention, positive effects were observed on skaters’ artistic performances, performance in competition, creative attitudes and values, self-esteem, and mindfulness skills. Overall, these results suggest that creativity is an important feature of sport excellence achievement. It is thus important to foster creative abilities in athletes to ensure a constant evolution of sport performances.

Keyphrases: Expertise, Creativity, Sport, Performance, Sport psychology
Effet de la stimulation cholinergique sur la perception visuelle chez le rat et l'humain : 
études comportementales et électrophysiologiques

The cholinergic system plays an important role in many cognitive functions such as attention and perceptual learning.  Pharmacological stimulation of the cholinergic system via donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is an efficient tool for enhancing cognitive functions and cortical processing via muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. In fact, donepezil allows the build-up of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. However, whether pharmacological manipulation of the cholinergic system has an effect on complex visual processing and perceptual learning remains unclear. The goal of this thesis is to investigate on the one hand the effect of combining repetitive visual training with cholinergic enhancement on visual capacities in rats and humans and on the other hand the effect of the pharmacological stimulation of the cholinergic system on visual restoration in a model of visual deficit in rats. Our results showed that cholinergic potentiation induces 1) a long-term potentiation of visual cortical response following repetitive visual stimulation, 2) a faster recovery of brightness discrimination in rats with an optic nerve crush, 3) a faster progression of and a sustained performance in a highly demanding perceptual-cognitive task for healthy young humans. However, the EEG pattern for subjects performing a visual attention task is not modified by a single administration of donepezil. Together these results underline the substantial benefice of combining cholinergic enhancement with visual training in order to obtain visual perception improvements, which presents an interesting avenue for visual rehabilitation paradigm in humans.

Keyphrases: Vision, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Cholinergic stimulation, Perceptual learning, Visual recovery
L’enseignement de l’univers social au primaire d’un point de vue amérindien

Our interest in this research in didactics of social sciences is to know how this subject is treated on a native reserve, Kahnawake, at the elementary school Kateri Tekakwitha. We wanted to know more about the program thought at Kateri Tekakwitha school (who has an exemption from the ministry of Education of Québec), and then, the declared teaching methods and finally which didactic material is used in class. Because our mandate is very large, we decided to put limits to our intervention and explored the teaching within two concepts: territory and politic. We collected our datas with questionnaire fulfilled by eight teachers and interviews conducted among six teachers. These results allow us to know more about what’s done in a social sciences class on this reserve. According to the collected datas, the spread program of Kateri Tekakwitha school is not build like the one from the ministry of Education of Québec where we can see things progressing from the simple to the complex, but has a cultural continuity of the group who suffered a lot in the past with colonialism. Also, according to the obtain datas on the declared teaching methods, they are no big differences in the teaching practices we found on the reserve than the one used outside it: the story transmitting one version of history still dominate. The narration of story, taken from the parental repertoire, is the most use tool in history class.

Keyphrases: Native history, teaching in native environment, historical thinking and method, history teaching program in native milieu, native teacher and teaching of social science
Méta-analyse sur l'oxydation du glucose exogène et sa contribution à la fourniture d'énergie au cours de l'exercice prolongé

Exogenous glucose oxidation is a determinant of sports performance especially in activities lasting over 1 hour. Many factors concerning the subjects, the substrate and the exercise itself could influence the capacity of the human body to oxidize exogenous glucose. Furthermore, the co-ingestion of other substrates, as well as the environment in which the activity is performed, could also influence the rate of exogenous glucose oxidation (EGO) and its contribution to the energy yield. The lack of uniformity in methodologies used to investigate EGO makes it very difficult, and in some cases even impossible, to make direct comparisons between study results. In an attempt to shed some light on the impact of those various factors on the rate of EGO and its contribution to the energy yield, the literature was reviewed and a meta-analysis was done. The sex, age, body mass, VO2max, timing of ingestion, rate of ingestion, solution concentration, exercise’s absolute and relative intensity, and exercise duration were used as moderators. Many factors can contribute to EGO and its contribution to the energy yield and the results from this meta-analysis confirm a dose-response relationship. Additional factors, such as exercise VO2 or %VO2max, and ingestion timing also have a significant effect. Further studies might be needed with women and subjects with different age and body mass to avoid bias due to an unbalanced number of studies when comparing subject characteristics. These results should help improve nutritional recommendations for carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged exercise.

Keyphrases: Fuel selection, Oxidation, Substrate utilization, Carbon 13, Carbon 14, Isotopes, Labeled carbon, Exercise
Postsecondary pathways among second-generation immigrants of haitian origin : a Montreal CEGEP case study

While immigrant youth generally fare well in the postsecondary education market, certain subgroups of this population encounter significant challenges when it comes to completing postsecondary studies (Abada, Hou & Ram, 2009).  Immigrants from the Caribbean, along with their peers from Sub-Saharan Africa as well as South and Central America, demonstrate the lowest postsecondary graduation rates when compared to the Canadian national average (Kamanzi & Murdoch, 2011). Haitian immigrants, who represent 90% of the Caribbean population of Quebec, encounter more obstacles than others pertaining to social integration and academic success (Mc Andrew et al., 2008). The aim of this qualitative study is to develop a better understanding of the educational pathways experienced by second-generation, Haitian immigrants by exploring which dimensions delineate them, spanning from primary school to postsecondary education. A framework combining the educational and learning pathways concept  (Doray, 2011) and the school and family relational configuration (Tirtiaux, 2015), allowed for the examination of the non-traditional paths that can characterize Caribbean immigrants’ educational experiences, as well as the dynamics between the students, their parents, and the dimensions involved in the construction of their educational pathways. Using the life-story method, 11 second-generation Haitian students, at the CEGEP level in Montreal were interviewed.  The results of the analysis reveal an assortment of pathways whereby many are characterized by various sources of constraint, strong initial parental involvement which decreases as the youth progress to postsecondary studies, negative experiences with academic advisors during the transition to postsecondary studies, and challenging integration experiences within the postsecondary institution.

Keyphrases: Postsecondary pathways, Postsecondary education, Immigrant students, Haitian community, Black visible minorities, Minority education
Infrastructures viaires et discontinuités urbaines : quels remèdes pour une accessibilité meilleure dans le contexte de la ville-région contemporaine?

Taking advantage of a research trying to understand the relationship between road infrastructure and urban form in the specific context of the contemporary city-region during the second half of the twentieth century, this article highlights the impact of the hegemony of the automobile on forms of urbanization. Specifically, this is to clarify the role of road infrastructure in the establishment of a dispersed city mainly characterized by the discontinuity of its global shape and the "limited" inter-accessibility in its urban area. This reality contradicts the sense of urbanity perceived as a parameter identifying the urban phenomenon in itself, and materializing mainly through inter-accessibility of various urban entities. It was with the advent of the automobile that urbanization has been deployed to meet political and/or economic imperatives thereby abstracting from the social reality of the city and people’s demands in terms of mobility and access to urban spaces. The requirements of automobility have settled a road infrastructure that has clearly contributed to the reorganization of urbanized territories by changing the criteria of residential, commercial, industrial and service location, which were based primarily on relationships of proximity. The automobile transformed also the nature of links between these activities that become spatially dispersed and hardly accessible, except perhaps with a car. In light of this state of affairs, what role can urban planning play in order to improve accessibility to the various urban spaces, especially for users of active transportation (walking, cycling, wheelchair, etc...) as well as public one? In response to this question, some architects and planners such as Albert Pope and Bernardo Secchi suggest courses of action to meet the multiple needs of people looking for urbanity.

Keyphrases: Urban study, City-region, Road infrastructure, Automobility, Urbanity, Accessibility
Trajectoire de la réforme de l’inspection en Belgique francophone

This article shows that the FWB′s (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles) inspection reform trajectory is far from linear. It is affected by the institutional reconversion, layering and hybridization processes between the ″old″ and ″new″ existing institutions. It is involved in an ambitious policy for institutional change and the construction of an ″education system″ in a rather decentralised and fragmented landscape. It is also determined by existing institutional ″constraints″, negotiations and transactions between political actors which all shape the contours and competencies of the new inspection body following the 2007 decree. Moreover, throughout the decree′s implementation, the actors′ normative, cognitive and professional leanings, the remaining networks′ institutional diversity and the structural variation between territories ″regulate″ and ″limit″ the goal for institutional change highlighted in the FWB policy. There has been change but not complete change: there is a process of partial conversion which puts the school inspection under tension.

Keyphrases: inspection, inspection, governance, education policy, reform
La vente en ligne de faux documents d’identité - Une recherche exploratoire

At the present time, very little information is known concerning the sale of false identity documentation on the Internet, despite many authors having delved into the phenomenon of online illicit marketplaces, it being notably on the rise. The possession of false identity documents in Canada being considered both a crime and a threat to state security, it is of paramount importance that the issue be studied. This research thus aims to explore the prevalence of online supply for potential clients and to offer an explanation as to the online traffic of false documentation according to the angle of the sellers and the trail they leave behind.   With this objective in mind, a total of 50 surface Web addresses were identified in order to analyse the products and services provided as well as their overall technical infrastructure. This study allowed to observe that the online market for false identification documents proves to be easily accessible and that the supply found on the Web is both broad and varied. Technical information revealed the sellers’ strain to remain anonymous and a considerable geographic concentration in the choice of Internet service providers. Possible connections were established between 11 of the targeted websites, either in terms of technical information or page content.

Keyphrases: Identity document, Fake document, Online illicit marketplace, Internet sale
La pensée mixte : une approche de la composition par l'interaction des pensées instrumentale, électroacoustique et informatique

“Mixed-method thinking” is an approach to composition characterized by the interaction of three streams of compositional thought: instrumental, electroacoustic and computing-based.  It takes the form of a network within which the composer goes back and forth between these three types of conceptualization and succeeds in finding equivalences between parameters.  Instrumental thinking is connected to the Western notated compositional tradition, electroacoustic thinking alludes to practices derived from the analog studio environment and the acousmatic music tradition, and computing-based thinking refers to visual programming and spectral analysis practices.  Common areas exist where all three forms of thinking interact: Ivo Malec’s notion of the instrumental studio, Helmut Lachenmann’s notion of musique concrète instrumentale, computer-assisted composition, spectral music, the montage approach to instrumental composition, acousmatic music inspired by the written musical tradition and genres combining instruments with fixed media or electronics.  These areas comprise the influences around which I composed a corpus of two cycles of works: Les Larmes du Scaphandre and Nano-Cosmos.  Analysis of these works demonstrates the notion of “mixed-method thinking” through the adoption of electroacoustic thinking in my instrumental composition practice, computational thinking in my musical practice, and instrumental thinking in my electroacoustic practice.

Keyphrases: Composition, Music conceptualization, Instrumental notation, Mixed work, Spectral approach, Computer-assisted composition, Acousmatic music, Visual programming