Films minces de copolymères à blocs supramoléculaires et photosensibles

Dip-coating is a rapid and efficient method for forming thin films of block copolymers (BCPs) of various thicknesses and nano-morphologies. However, very few studies focused on dip-coating of supramolecular and/or photosensitive BCPs. Dip-coating of poly(styrene-b-4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-P4VP) BCPs was first studied using the small molecules (SM), 1-naphthoic acid (NCOOH) and 1-naphthol (NOH), which can form hydrogen bonds with the P4VP block, in four different solvents [tetrahydrofuran (THF), p-dioxane, toluene and chloroform]. The uptake molar ratio, SM/VP, in the thin films generally increases with the dip-coating rate, but its variation is strongly dependent on the solvent and the PM used. More specifically, the uptake ratio as well as the morphology of the dip-coated thin films depend on the ability (or lack thereof) of the solvent to form hydrogen bonds with the SM and its selectivity towards the PS block, which leads (or does not lead) to micellar P4VP/PM solutions, where the rigidity of the micellar cores influences the kinetic state of the dried thin film. The dependence of film thickness on the dip-coating rate, which is V-shaped, defines two regimes, termed capillarity and draining. These regimes influence the uptake ratio and final morphologies differently. Subsequently, we investigated a relatively low molecular weight PS-P4VP (24k-9,5k), which does not form micellar solutions in THF, complexed with two photosensitive azobenzene (AB) small molecules, namely 4-hydroxy-4'-butyl-azobenzene (BHAB) and 4-hydroxy-4'-cyano-azobenzene (CHAB). These ABs not only can form hydrogen bonds with the P4VP block but can also isomerize between trans and cis forms under illumination. Experiments with PS-P4VP/BHAB in THF (non-micellar) and toluene (micellar) showed that irradiation during dip-coating provokes a transition from spherical to cylindrical morphology at low dip-coating rates not observed in the dark. This transition is explained by the increase in the BHAB/VP uptake ratio under illumination and by the larger volume of the BHAB cis form relative to BHAB trans isomers. Irradiation also increases the film thickness, even without AB present, which is attributed to a heating effect. Thus, the combination of in-situ irradiation with dip-coating has been shown to be a useful and simple method for external control of photosensitive thin film patterns. Finally, THF solutions of PS-P4VP/CHAB and PS-P4VP/BHAB with the low molecular weight BCP (non-micellar) and a BCP of higher molecular weight (36,5k-16k, micellar) were investigated to understand the effect of shorter (CHAB) vs. longer (BHAB) AB half-life and the presence or not of micelles in solution. The morphological photocontrol loses some of its effectiveness with CHAB, as shown by the less pronounced increase in uptake ratio of CHAB compared to BHAB in the illuminated films relative to non-irradiated films dip-coated from THF solutions. The presence of micelles does not influence the (BHAB/VP) uptake ratio, but it slows down the morphological evolution in the drying films, as shown by the freezing in of greater spherical morphological character compared to the non-micellar solution, thereby limiting the possibilities of a morphological transition.

Keyphrases: Dip-coating, Thin films, Self-assembly, Supramolecular poly(styrene-b-4-vinyl pyridine) block copolymers, Azobenzene, Photosensitive block copolymers