NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Processus d’identification et stratégies identitaires des Acadiens du Nouveau-Brunswick

Acadians in New Brunswick have a solid sense of collective identity that it the result of a long and eventful process. They are now faced with the a new reality that is the context shaped by globalization. In recent decades, the changes caused by globalization are reflected in the way that Acadie and Acadian cultural practices are framed discursively. Chiac, for example, was previously stigmatized and devalued, but now becomes the bearer of modern identity values attached to the mixing of cultures and openness to others. Yet the contours of Acadian identity remain unclear and are subject to epistemological debates. The particular situation of this group that has no officially recognized territory has a significant impact on what membership criteria actors can mobilize to define their group. How can we explain the process of identification and identity strategies that define group membership among the Acadians? Do they share the same identity processes that are mentioned in the literature on the subject? Could a deeper understanding of general processes help to better understand and explain the complexity of a group whose indentity is marked by the diasporic experience and whose contours are uncertain? Anthropology is almost nonexistent in the Acadian community. At the same time, cultural identity is a topic that has been extensively studied and debated, but that needs more precise definition. This research is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of  how of the representation of minority Acadian identity has evolved.

Keyphrases: Culture, Inclusion/exclusion, Identity stategy, Identity, Inclusion and exclusion, Acadian, Cultural identity
Reconstruction et étude de la variabilité du régime alimentaire des sociétés préhispaniques de la basse vallée de Santa, Pérou

This research focuses on the reconstruction of diet using a chemical approach. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes were analyzed on a bone collagen sample of thirty-eight individuals from three different sites of the Lower Santa valley, on the north coast of Peru : El Castillo, Guadalupito and Huaca China. Among those individuals selected, some are affiliated with groups of Gallinazo, Moche, Tanguche and Chimu, dated to the Ancient Intermediate Period, Middle Horizon and Recent Intermediate Period. The isotopic approach has been used to characterize in a first step, the diet of the entire population by comparing with some other prehispanic groups from the Andean area. The results of thirty-two individuals suggest a mixed diet including maize and marines resources, showing that these agriculturist groups exploited their surrounding ecosystems. These results are supported by the carbon analysis on bone apatite for five individuals. The second aim was to study the variability of the diet between individuals in the sample, depending on the time period, site, cultural identity, age and sex and social status. The small sample size has considerably limited the discussion of these parameters. However, it was possible to note a more preferential access to high proteins resources for men and some possible differences in diet among juveniles. Finally, the comparison between dietary reconstruction and funerary patterns was made for five cases of burial pratices at El Castillo site, the first Moche regional center in the Lower Santa valley. In all cases, diet suggested by isotopic compositions is consistent with interpretations of the funerary context about the individual status.

Keyphrases: Gallinazo, Peru, Santa valley, Ancient Intermediate Period, Middle Horizon, Gallinazo, Moche, carbon and nitrogen isotopes (collagen, apatite), funerary practices
The Erasure of Sex and Gender Minorities in the Healthcare System

Socio-cultural notions of gender and sex influence the structuring of healthcare systems. This case study exemplifies how the Western gender binary, and cisnormativity in particular, can create barriers to accessing healthcare services for transgender populations and lead to erasure.

Keyphrases: discrimination, Transgender, transsexual, gender identity, health disparities, population health, ethics, vulnerable, discrimination
L'atténuation statistique des surdétections d'un correcteur grammatical symbolique

Grammar checking software sometimes erroneously flags a correct word sequence as an error, a problem we call overdetection in the present study. We describe the devel-opment of a system for identifying and filtering out the overdetections produced by the French grammar checker designed by the firm Druide Informatique. Various fami-lies of classifiers have been trained in a supervised way for 14 types of detections flagged by the grammar checker, using features that capture diverse linguistic phe-nomena (syntactic dependency links, POS tags, word context exploration, etc.), extracted from sentences with and without overdetections. Eight of the 14 classifiers we trained are now part of the latest version of a very popular commercial grammar checker. Moreover, our experiments have shown that statistical language models, SVMs and word sense disambiguation can all contribute to the improvement of these classifiers. This project is a striking illustration of a machine learning component suc-cessfully integrated within a robust, commercial natural language processing application.

Keyphrases: Grammar checking, Supervised machine learning, Statistical language models
L’inconduite en recherche engendrée par l’intérêt personnel: comment gérer une telle situation?

This fictional case study illustrates how the results of certain research projects can be used in order to serve personal interests, leading to scientific research misconduct.

Keyphrases: Research Ethics Board, interest, conflict of interest
L’Homme en question

The Quebec Budget Act of 2010-2011 has made taxable compensation for volunteers who participate in drug bioequivalence studies. This piece of theatre reflects the ethical debate that this point of law raised in a fictional research ethics committee.

Keyphrases: Human rights, democracy, privacy, compensation, Research Ethics Board, research ethics, Budget Act
Les lipides et les cancers urologiques
- approches épidémiologiques.
L’importance du temps immortel

Purpose: To define the effects of dietary lipids and of treatment of dyslipidemia with statins on prostate and bladder cancers, using different epidemiologic study designs and accounting for biases, particularly immortal time bias.  Study Design: The first part used a retrospective a case-control study design.  Diet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and nine COX-2 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped.  We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values for association and interaction.   The second part used a retrospective cohort study design based on administrative databases of Québec, Canada. Cox regression models were used to measure association between statin use and bladder cancer evolution. The third part focuses on the immortal time bias by describing its presence in the oncologic literature.  The importance of this bias is illustrated with data from the cohort used in the second part and statistical correction methods are applied. Results: The first part showed that an increasing intake of omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin was strongly associated with a decreased risk of aggressive prostate cancer (trend p<=0.0001). The OR (95% CI) for prostate cancer comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of omega-3 intake was of 0.37 (0.25 – 0.54). The dietary effect was modified by the rs4648310 COX-2 SNP (interaction p=0.02). This reflected the observation that men with low marine omega-3 intake and the variant rs4648310 SNP had an increased risk of disease (OR = 5.49; 95% CI: 1.80-16.7), which was reversed by increasing intake of marine omega-3. The second part showed that statin use was associated with a decreased risk of bladder cancer progression (HR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.96, p=0.0388). The inverse association was even stronger for risk of mortality from all causes (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.76, p=0.0001). The statin use effect appears dose-dependent. The third part showed that the immortal time bias is frequent and important in many epidemiological studies in oncology.  It has many aspects and some of these are better prevented at time of study design selection. Various statistical methods also allowed control of this bias. Conclusion. 1) Dietary omega-3 appears to decrease prostate cancer risk. 2) Statin use appears to decrease risk of bladder cancer progression. Lipids seem to have an effect on urological cancers.

Keyphrases: prostate cancer, bladder cancer, lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, statins, hypolipidemic drugs, administrative database, immortal time bias
Croyances religieuses, développement économique et identité socioculturelle des libanais

This thesis focuses on the study of the relationship between religious beliefs, economic development and socio-cultural identity of Lebanon. This topic is generated by two approaches: a conceptual approach to describing the relationship between religion and economic development, and an approach to revealing the relationship between the three elements of the subject and requiring strict adherence to the Lebanese in Lebanon and the Lebanese in Montreal.  Two types of empirical studies are possible to explain the relation between the three elements of the subject: studies to test the link between religion and development in Lebanon and Montreal and studies dealing with the issue of identity.  Historical, sociological and empirical analyses show that there is in general a correlation between religion and development. Our investigations point out that this correlation is still checked in Lebanon. The cultural and religious views show that religion and family are two inseparable elements of the socio-cultural identity of Lebanese. Religion is a value that can influence consumer choice Lebanese. Indeed, a reciprocal relationship is established between the two. Studies conducted in Lebanon and Montreal also highlight that the degree of religiosity may determine some social behaviors; this creates a chain between the social behavior of a Lebanese, his religious affiliations that reflect his identity, and economic development. Thus, religious beliefs indoctrinate economic development at the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels.

Keyphrases: Religious Beliefs, Economic development of the Lebanese, Socio-cultural identity, Conceptual, Lebanon, Cultural, Religious, Family, Inseparable, Reciprocity, Value, Consumer choice Lebanese, Social behavior
Enjeux éthiques et sociaux dans les soins de santé pour les jeunes adultes atteints de paralysie cérébrale

Cerebral palsy is the most frequent cause of physical disability in children. More than 50,000 Canadians are currently affected by cerebral palsy, and for the moment, no cure exists. Even so, the available therapies along with the associated comorbidities of cerebral palsy create significant needs for these patients in terms of health services. Given the high demand for health services, decisions related to care are likely to raise important ethical issues such as respect for patient autonomy and equitable access to healthcare. To date very few studies have explored the scope of ethical issues experienced by this patient population.  This master’s thesis presents a brief overview of the characteristics and main medical aspects of cerebral palsy. It is followed by the description of the research methods used; including a questionnaire and semi-structured interview, and by the literature review, where issues found in the literature are presented, including confidentiality and transition from pediatric to adult healthcare system.  A qualitative study has been conducted with young adults with cerebral palsy and the results, presented in this thesis, include the participants’ perspectives on attitudes of healthcare professionals towards them and feelings of injustice and inequality sometimes experienced when using healthcare services. Finally a general discussion is offered, focusing on issues such as justice, respect for the person and respect for autonomy, as well as some recommendations for improvement of healthcare experience.

Keyphrases: neuroethics, cerebral palsy, healthcare, qualitative research, young adults
Les marques de commerce non traditionnelles dans une perspective de droit comparé

In recent years, new trademarks have progressively appeared: trademarks appealing to all of our five senses, sight, hearing, smell, taste or even touch. These new trademarks, sometimes called non-traditional marks, raise difficulties for registration. Indeed, some countries refuse registration, others are more open to the arrival of these new trademarks. This thesis analyses the possibility of allowing these non-traditional trademarks to be registered in Canada, and examines the conditions under which other countries accept to register them. In conclusion, our analysis will allow us to formulate recommendations on how to integrate these new trademarks into Canadian law.

Keyphrases: sons, Europe, Canada, Trademarks, non-traditional, hearing, smell, scents, Europe, Canada, United States of America, Australia
Les causes de déchéance du droit à limitation de responsabilité du transporteur maritime international de marchandises sous connaissement

This study examines the institutions capable to deprive the sea carriers from the benefit of limitation of liability. In general, the package limitation provisions settled by international maritime conventions reject the full compensation of damages caused by the shipowning companies. However, this rule can be mitigated. Some specific conducts can bar the carrier from the benefit of limitation of liability. The conventions on international transport of goods (the Hague Rules, the Hague-Visby Rules, the Hamburg Rules and the Rotterdam Rules) have set out differently the conditions required to deprive the carrier of the right to limit responsibility. Concurrently, national courts, through the use of specific concepts, have modified the scope of the right of such limitation. In sum, the conducts barring limitation of liability will vary according to the International Convention applied and according to the relevant competent court. This, ultimately, undermines the rational organization of the maritime liability system and adversely affects the objective of uniformity in this matter.

Keyphrases: Limitation of liability, Conduct barring limitation of liability, Deck carriage, Deviation
Contrat de cyberconsommation et arbitrage : les leçons de l'arrêt Dell

In July 2007, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled for the first time in an electronic commerce dispute in Quebec. The case is very ordinary: a consumer contract concluded by means of the Internet gave rise to a dispute because of a pricing error. In this landmark decision, the Supreme Court overturned the decisions of lower courts and went in the opposite direction of a legislative amendment adopted in the wake of the Court hearings, which did not apply in this case. This ruling has caused debate not only on what the Court said, but also the opportunities it had to clarify several important issues. This thesis uses the Dell case as a backdrop for the study of cyberconsumer contract and also covers certain incidental questions on this constantly changing law. First, we study the law applicable to consumer contracts. Secondly, we look to the merits of the case, a question which has indeed not yet received legal analysis. In the third part, we address a critical analysis of legal issues dealt with by the Supreme Court. We conclude by noting that the Court has lost a unique opportunity to clarify some inconsistencies in the law of cybercommerce.

Keyphrases: arbitration, Dell, class action, electronic commerce, commerce electronique, clause abusive, internet
A study of my personal approach to composition

Throughout my studies at the Master’s level, I have written four compositions: (1) Four Pieces for Solo Cello, (2) To Earth: II. Forest for solo piano, (3) The Centre Cannot Hold for three flautists and two percussionists, and (4) To Heaven for thirteen instrumentalists. This document will be a study of those four pieces, and will explain the organization and structure of the music, while highlighting various orchestral and harmonic developments.

Keyphrases: Composition, Analysis, Harmony, Technique
Les effets phonostylistiques caractéristiques des chanteuses de musique populaire anglophone

The voice is a complex instrument. Phrasing, inflexions and intentions are different with every musician. In popular music, those acoustic signa- tures or phonostyles (LEON, 1993) exist through the use of timbre and different vocal effects (breathy voice, glottal stop, falsetto voice, etc.). Those can be applied constantly to the voice or on a very discrete basis (as the attack of a sound for example). In this dissertation, we will define and illustrate a certain number of phonostylistic caracteristics through a research among popular music and female singers from year 1980 to our days, from different fields’point of view (physiology, acoustic, par- alinguistic, phonostylistic). In the end, the subject will be applied to the study of three singers’vocal technique.

Keyphrases: Voice, Popular music, Popular singer, Phonostylistic, Paralinguistic, Pop, Vocal effect, Timbre, Timbre
Des relations entre les structures musicales et les contextes sociaux dans un répertoire de "sessions" instrumentales irlandaises

As periods of time and spatial entities invested by music, sessions in Ireland nowadays are a marker of cultural expression. Superficially, those can be defined as a gathering, planned or spontaneous, of several musicians with the prospect to produce music and to share a nice moment together. Yet, a survey pursued over a seven-year research work in north-western Ireland revealed that, in depth, sessions represent complex socio-cultural events, social as much as musical, musical as well as social happening, symbolic entity enriched by interactions whose permanently renewed combination reflects the interplay between individual factors and group strategies, that, radically, affect the whole structure of the event. To understand how a session functions then requires raising a number of questions whose end is to elucidate how the two poles, social and musical, happen to be inextricably linked, though distinct at the same time. Musical sessions thus become a source of problems which, a priori connected to the amount of knowledge specific of our topic, lead to overcome the exclusive domain of Ireland up to facing the broader issues of contemporary ethnomusicology. The present thesis includes five chapters. The first one is a general description of sessions. Attention is paid to the dynamic links operating between what belongs to music and what proceeds from a line more specifically social. Questions then raised trigger a second chapter, whose content is bipartite. First are exposed the major problems on which the thesis rests, and secondly the methodological answers related to the given problematic. A third chapter consists of setting the spectrum of methods required to conduct analyses, through a reflexion bearing on the system properties of the whole range of social and musical parameters that characterize this work. Next step, the fourth chapter is based on the comparative analysis of 26 musical pieces that were collected in the context of seven different situations in distinct sessions. In the fifth chapter, the thesis ends with a synthesis of all analytical results as gathered in the previous chapters.

Keyphrases: Musical, Social, Interactions, Ethnomusicology, Fact, Musical, Social, Ireland, Style, Interactions, Dyamic, Semiology, Analysis
Antécédents parentaux et concordance de la qualité des comportements interactifs maternels et paternels

There is compelling evidence that the quality of both maternal and paternal parenting behaviour is important for child development. Yet, little is known of the degree of similarity between maternal and paternal parenting behaviour in intact couples, and about the antecedents or determinants of this parental concordance. The present master’s thesis includes an empirical article pursuing two aims. First, the article examined the concordance (similarity) between the quality of maternal and paternal behaviours with their toddler. Second, the article investigated the parental determinants of this concordance: marital satisfaction and parenting stress. The sample included 44 families (mother-father-toddler). Results indicated that the concordance between the quality of maternal and paternal behaviour was moderate (r = .31). Furthermore, significant mother-father concordance was found among more satisfied and less stressed parents, but not among less adjusted parents. The theoretical and empirical implications are discussed.

Keyphrases: Concordance of family dyads, Father-toddler interactions, Mother-toddler interactions, Marital satisfaction, Parenting stress, Parental adjustment
Violence conjugale et détresse psychologique chez les jeunes couples : analyse de l'effet modérateur du soutien social

Young adults are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than older adults but little is known about the effect of confiding to others about the sustained violence on their mental health. The objective of this study was to explore the links between IPV, help-seeking and psychological distress by gender in a sample of 233 young couples. Our findings indicate that for women, the frequency of sustained psychological violence, but not of physical violence, was positively associated to psychological distress and that for these women, seeking help from a greater number of confidents decreased the strength of the association between violence and their level of psychological distress. Secondly, for men, the frequency of physical and psychological violence were both positively linked to psychological distress but unlike women, the more people they talked to about the violence they have sustained, the greater their level of distress was.

Keyphrases: Genre, Intimate partner violence (IPV), Bi-directional violence, Social support, Young adults, Gender difference