NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Étude de l'improvisation dans le cadre d'une collaboration interprofessionnelle selon une perspective de sensemaking : le cas d'une équipe d'événementiel

This university research comes from the desire of discovering how the various professionals in the event industry, who experience the unexpected daily, manage to cope with the unexpected easily. This curiosity, fueled by my professional interests, made me wondering more precisely on the topic. In order to bring some answers, this research offers a review of the literature developed around two concepts: improvisation and interprofessional collaboration, put into perspective by a theoretical framework on sensemaking. The results of this study are twofold. First of all, they allow us to continue the studies already carried out on concepts used by addressing a new organizational context. In accordance with the existing definitions of improvisation, three resources enabling planners to improvise have been identified: the coordination guide, the conditions of roles' flexibility, and the enactment process. Moreover, by the exploration of these three resources, this research enables, in a second step, to identify new dynamics resulting from the association of the concepts of improvisation, interprofessional collaboration, and sensemaking. Among other things, we have discovered that a boundary object can be used as a resource for improvisation and this is why all the members of the collaboration must be able to understand it; the conditions that are favorable to the conduct of interprofessional collaboration also influence the management of improvisation ; finally, the sensemaking production in unexpected situations varies according to the profession of each member of the collaboration. All these results, as well as the study of an unexplored organizational context, provide various avenues for further studies.

Keyphrases: Improvisation, Sensemaking, Organizational communication, Event industry
Jeu vidéo et mort(s) : analyse de l’imaginaire de la mort dans le jeu vidéo

In our society where death is a taboo, where mourning must be lived in secret and the topic avoided in public spheres, two spheres have the leisure to approach it without difficulty: religion and art. The art that caught my attention is the video game for its ability to put the player in control of his death. Each video game presents a different universe, and each will treat the player differently when he fails a task. By taking an interest in these punishments and the digital deaths that ensue, I examine the mythical imaginary that the gamer faces while playing video games.  This thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter sets out the themes and concepts of my research. The first section deals with games, then more specifically with video games. I then address the ways by which the game can influence the player. In a second section, I discuss death and the discourses on it (eschatological) and I begin to associate it with video games.  In the second chapter, I develop my problematic, namely that if most of the arts present a final death, the player cannot truly die in video games. This issue is woven around the notion of evolution and the attainment of immortality.  The third chapter presents my theoretical framework and my methodology. I explain the formation of my video game corpus and explain how it was analyzed. The video game is understood as a mythical story capable of informing us about the mysteries of death. In this context, I use the mythanalysis developed by Gilbert Durand to determine in each game the relationship between the player and death.  The last chapter presents my results by grouping the games by type. I present the relationship between player and death in each of the types, as well as in the games with a unique relationship to death.

Keyphrases: mort, mythe, art, video game, game, death, immortality, myth
Le rôle de la photographie dans la mise en scène des influenceurs sur Instagram : le cas Camille DG

The term "influencer" emerged in the 1990s to describe certain bloggers’ actions. The influencer is, in fact, a mediator between a brand and its consumers. Close to consumers, since s/he is one, the influencer often proves to be much more persuasive than a simple advertising campaign. The power of influence is not new. In the 13th century, the Latin word “influencia” was already used to evoke the action of the stars on human destiny. From stars to modern-day influencers, the power of influence over a given population has always fascinated our curiosity. On digital social networks, the term "influencer" is generally used to describe a person with a large number of subscribers. However, there has been little research on these web "stars" as they are a relatively recent phenomenon. This research focuses on the role of photography in the staging of the influencer Camille Dg on the successful digital platform Instagram. We have built on her personal experience by adopting a methodology based on online ethnography, participant observation and semi- directed individual interviews. This research has shown us that photography plays an important role in maintaining a community, getting a message across, acquiring business partners and maintaining relationships. As such, this dissertation contributes to the literature surrounding the process of “mise en scène” on digital social networks.

Keyphrases: Instagram, interaction, following, digital social networks, identity, photography, selfie, self-presentation, smartphone
Féminicide autochtone au Canada : représentations médiatiques d'une violence passée sous silence

This present master thesis focuses on the sociological phenomenon of violence affecting Aboriginal women in Canada, specifically what may be apprehended through an intersectional perspective on violence Aware that the silence surrounding this phenomenon is just as violent as the situation itself, this thesis proposes tools for understanding and reading that allow everyone to better understand the ins and outs of the manifestation of this violence.  This analysis explores how the invisibility of these women in society takes shape, how it is expressed, and what it reveals about the Quebec and Canadian society. It was decided to address our problem through the written press media and the production of mediatic and journalistic discourses, which often reveal a particular ideology and themselves reflect a society in general.  Using a corpus of 200 articles with different themes, and in light of certain concepts related to discourse analysis, the results of our data will allow us to discuss the influence of these mediatic and journalistic discourses, and better understand the government issues, particularly Aboriginal ones, facing the country today. We will thus see how media power can play a significant role in society and how indigenous women are increa singly becoming part of an empowerment movement, enabling them to deconstruct the social barriers in which they have long been partitioned.

Keyphrases: Justice sociale, Empowerment, Aboriginal women, Intersectional perspective on violence, Discourses analysis, Media representations, Social justice, Media violence
Pour une approche dialogique de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises selon la perspective de l’approche constitutive de la communication organisationnelle (CCO)

Over the years, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been mainly studied and enacted from a functionalist perspective on communication with the objective of ensuring a company’s good standing. More recently, this type of organizational engagement has begun to shift to a more dynamic and interactive approach. The goal is to reduce the boundaries between the company and its internal and external stakeholders in order to create a shared vision. With this approach, the company works on developing processes that are ideally compatible with the needs expressed by all actors concerned by its actions. Based on the Communicative constitution of organizations perspective (CCO), this master’s thesis reports on a study that examined how dialogical forms of communication constitutes and builds the societal and environmental commitment of two companies around a CSR initiative. Four interviews were conducted with key individuals responsible to deliver on these commitments for two Canadian companies. The analysis of these interviews shows how a set of elements and actors contribute to the processes of negotiation, implementation and improvement of strategies, policies and programs devoted to CSR initiatives.

Keyphrases: communication constitutive des organisations, CCO, CSR, corporate social responsibility, communication constitutes organizations
Caractérisation in situ des propriétés optiques et microphysiques des aérosols troposphériques dans l’archipel arctique canadien

Global warming in the Canadian Arctic is twice as fast as the global average, accelerating the melting of sea ice and radically disrupting the fauna, the flora, and the communities of the whole region. Arctic warming is caused not only by rising greenhouse gas emissions, but also by the short-lived climate forcing agents such as tropospheric aerosols. However, aerosol radiative forcing in the polar region is less precisely estimated than that of greenhouse gases, notably CO2, and remains highly uncertain. This large uncertainty arises mainly from the high spatiotemporal variability in aerosol chemical and physical properties, in addition to the complexity of the feedback loops observed in the Arctic. Furthermore, datasets on aerosol characteristics and their distribution across the region are very limited, particularly in the Canadian High Arctic.  To address this issue, a series of measurements were conducted over a 3-year period (2016-2019) at the Polar Atmospheric Environment Research Laboratory (PEARL, 80N 86W) near Eureka weather station, in Nunavut, Canada. Aerosol size distribution was measured using several instruments including an Optical Particle Counter (OPC), a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS). Aerosol optical properties were determined by two Photoacoustic Extinctiometers (PAXs) which operate at wavelengths of 405 nm and 870 nm, respectively.  Observations made at the PEARL observatory show a strong seasonal variation in the optical and microphysical properties of polar aerosols. In the winter and spring, the Arctic atmosphere is impacted by an anthropogenic haze that results in a sharp increase in aerosol size, number concentration, and optical properties. Arctic haze episodes typically occur in mid-December, when mineral dust events have also been observed, and end in May when formation and growth of new particles begin. Early spring exhibits the highest accumulation-mode aerosol concentrations during the year. The darkest Arctic haze aerosols have been identified as soot or black carbon transported into the Arctic from Eurasia and Alaska. Some systematic relationships among aerosol optical properties and size distribution have also been calculated and reveal a major difference between aerosols interacting with light at 405 nm and 870 nm.

Keyphrases: Eureka, PAX, SMPS, OPC, APS, Aerosol, Arctic haze, Optical properties, Size distribution, Arctic
Synthèse de thioalcynes macrocycliques tripeptidiques par couplage croisé

Macrocyclization gives the opportunity to incorporate new functional groups in macrocycles to influence their biological properties. Rarely seen in macrocycles, alkynyl sulfides are functional groups that could be introduced into interesting compounds for applications in medicinal chemistry due to their ability to open new opportunities for diversification of the macrocyclic framework with its predictable reactivity. Consequently, the development of a synthetic strategy for the synthesis of macrocycles containing alkynyl sulfide in their structure is of interest. This thesis presents the development of a synthetic strategy for the formation of macrocyclic tripeptides using an alkynyl sulfide linker which is formed by cross coupling employing a [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6/dtbbpy/2,6-lutidine catalytic system. This method was used to generate 4 macrocyclic alkynyl sulfide tripeptides with yields ranging between 30% and 58%. This thesis also shows different possibilities for the diversification the macrocycle framework by using the alkynyl sulfide linker as a building block.

Keyphrases: Macrocyclization, Peptide coupling, Copper catalysis, Alkynyl sulfide
Synthèse de prodrogues de l’[aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6, α-acyloxyéthyl carbamates, pour réguler le récepteur CD36

A prodrug is a biologically inactive derivative of a drug which after administration undergoes chemical or enzymatic modification to release the active drug at targeted sites of activity. Prodrugs improve physicochemical properties to enable better transport through biological barriers and enhance activity. They are used to improve formulation and administration, to enhance permeability and absorption, to modify distribution profiles and to avoid metabolism and toxicity. The prodrug approach is useful for improving drug delivery. Prodrugs are classified into two types: carrier-linked prodrugs and bio-precursors. In the first case, the parent drug is linked by a covalent bond to an inert carrier or transport moiety. The carrier should not be active or toxic. The active drug is released by a chemical or enzymatic cleavage in vivo. In the second case, the parent drug is converted metabolically or chemically by hydration, oxidation or reduction reactions.  Azapeptides employ a semicarbazide as an amino amide surrogate in a peptide analog in which the backbone α-CH is replaced by nitrogen. Through electronic interactions, the semicarbazide favors backbone β-turn geometry due to a combination of urea planarity and hydrazine nitrogen lone pair – lone pair repulsion. Azapeptides have proven therapeutic utility. Some of them exhibit better selectivity, activity and stability than the parent peptides with increased duration of action and improved metabolic stability.   Growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6, H-His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH₂) is a synthetic peptide possessing an affinity for two different receptors: growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) and cluster of differentiation receptor 36 (CD36). The GHRP-6 azapeptide analogue, [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6, has exhibited good affinity for CD36 and reduced nitric oxide overproduction in macrophage cells stimulated with the TLR-2 agonist R-FSL-1. Azapeptide ligands of CD36, such as [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6, offers potential as prototypes for developing treatments of diseases such as atherosclerosis and age-related macular degeneration.  A prodrug strategy has been pursued to improve the pharmacokinetic properties, such as duration of action, of [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6. The first examples of α-acyloxyethyl carbamate peptides have been prepared. Five α-acyloxyethyl carbamate analogues of [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6 have been synthesized by routes featuring acylation of the resin-bound peptide using different activated α-acyloxyethyl carbonates prior to resin cleavage and side chain deprotection. The evaluation of the activity of the pharmacokinetic properties of the [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6 prodrugs is currently in progress and will be reported in due time.

Keyphrases: Aza-peptides, GHRP-6, [aza(p-MeO)F⁴]-GHRP-6, Prodrugs, α-acyloxyethyl carbamates prodrugs, Peptide mimes, Azapeptides, Regioselective N-alkylation, Receptor CD36
Modular construction of new porous hydrogen-bonded molecular materials

During the past few decades, designing molecular complexes with predetermined properties and predictable architectures was not possible. Although, it is possible to calculate the properties of individual molecules with confidence, the behavior of molecular assemblies remains unpredictable. Recently there has been a development of a strategy called “modular construction,” which can lead to producing well-defined and ordered materials with novel properties. This strategy uses molecular subunits that engage in non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds to hold the neighboring modules in programmable positions. Since hydrogen bonds show high strength and directionality, an important objective is to devise molecular subunits that can take part in a large number of hydrogen bonds. Examples are compounds that incorporate multiple 4.6-diamino-1,3,5-triazinyl (DAT) groups. Our work has focused on introducing N(DAT)2 units, which offer the possibility of making ordered networks held together by even larger number of hydrogen bonds per molecule. We describe the structures and properties of crystalline materials of this type, in which increasing the number of hydrogen bonds gives rise to the formation of robust networks with high levels of porosity.

Keyphrases: Supramolecular chemistry, Crystal engineering, Hydrogen bond, Modular construction, Porous materials
Le transfert de graphène sans résidus organiques à l’aide d’un film d’or

Graphene is an interesting material thanks to its excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Among the methods for synthesizing high quality monolayer graphene, growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a metal is one of the most effective and economical for industrial production. However, this method requires a step to transfer graphene from the growth catalytic substrate (generally copper) to the desired substrate. Several methods allow this transfer to be carried out and the most widespread methods generally involve the use of a polymer. The main advantages are simplicity and low cost. However, there are also disadvantages related to the introduction of defects or organic residue on the surface of the transferred graphene. To maintain the quality and properties of graphene after the transfer process, we have developed a method aimed at eliminating the disadvantages of a transfer with polymer. The developed method uses a gold film as a support to facilitate the transfer of graphene onto a silicon wafer. It is a simple way to produce defect-free graphene. To increase the adhesion to the silicon wafer, it was necessary to introduce a step of annealing the graphene samples after the transfer with the gold film. The gold film was then removed by wet chemical etching with an aqueous solution of iodine and potassium iodide, which makes it possible to produce a monolayer of graphene over large dimensions. After optimizing the entire process, our results of graphene transferred on silicon substrate show few defects based on Raman measurements and the absence of organic residues on the surface by AFM topography.

Keyphrases: CVD, graphene, transfer, gold film, organic residues, Raman spectroscopy
Couplage d’un instrument SPR portable à un bioréacteur : étude de monocouches mixtes et d’algorithmes d’extraction de constantes d’affinité

While antibodies are best known to help the neutralization of pathogens by binding to the antigens with their paratope, their crystallizable fragment region (Fc region) is also used to trigger immune response by binding to specific receptors. Interactions between receptors and antibodies are known to be affected by the glycosylation the antibodies. To observe the kinetic of those interactions, one of the favored method is surface plasmon resonance (SPR). However, a substantial time may have elapsed between synthesis of a modified antibody and its test in a SPR apparatus as the two are not coupled and oftentimes in different laboratories. The coupling of a SPR and a bioreactor would accelerate the process, but using a commercial instrument would limit it usefulness due to the high price and high cost of use of these SPR instruments. This is why the coupling of a low-cost SPR to a bioreactor is of interesting in the context of glycosylated antibody production. This could permit to monitor the synthesis of the antibody and it affinity to the target receptor in near real time.   This masters’ thesis will show the development of two of the essential components, consisting in the surface chemistry to passivate the SPR chip and an algorithm using an evolving PSO (Particles Swarm Optimisation), to estimate kinetic and thermodynamics constants (Kd,kon,koff) by correlating the signal obtained of a P4-SPR instrument to the kinetic and thermodynamics equations describing the interactions between antibodies and their receptors. The thesis also presents the results of the tests while trying to minimize nonspecific adsorption of the molecules used for the biosensor on multiple self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and maximize signal of the antibody named Trastuzumab (TZM) and used in the coupling of the P4-SPR to the bioreactor.

Keyphrases: SPR, PSO, Affinity constants, Algorithm, Antibodies, Non-linear correlation
Étude de l’effet des paramètres de synthèse par fusion sur les propriétés électrochimiques de l’électrode LiFe1-xMnxPO4

Li-ion batteries, discovered for almost 40 years ago, and whose inventors have just been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, are still the subject of a large body of research aiming to develop their components and their synthesis methods in order to improve their performances. In this context, this thesis aims at studying the synthesis of LiFe1-xMnxPO4 (0<x<1) cathode materials using, for the first time, the melting synthesis method. Indeed, this synthesis method could offer high purity materials with good electrochemical performance while ensuring reduced costs. We hence compared the melt synthesis method with the conventional solid-state synthesis method for different compositions of LiFe1-xMnxPO4. The results show that the retention of capacity and the rate capability are similar for both methods and are close to the results reported in the literature. However, manganese-rich compounds have a slightly higher discharge capacity than those synthesized by the solid-state method. We also studied the impact of the chemical composition, the synthesis conditions (temperature, time, atmosphere), the reagents source (commercial with high purity or ores) and the carbon coating process on the purity and the electrochemical properties of the synthesized LiFe1-xMnxPO4. According to the obtained results, the synthesis conditions have more effect on the purity whereas the chemical composition and the carbon coating method have a greater impact on the electrochemical properties of LiFe1-xMnxPO4. These promising results open the door to new perspectives for large-scale production of high-performance cathodic materials using melt synthesis method.

Keyphrases: LiFe1-xMnxPO4, cathode materials, melt synthesis, solid-state synthesis, synthesis conditions, electrochemical properties