NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Huile de palme rouge au Burkina Faso: Qualité et consommation par les femmes de la zone de production et impact sur leur statut en vitamine A

The research activities of the phase III of the Red Palm Oil (RPO) project in Burkina Faso included a baseline study with 150 women of the RPO production area randomly selected by the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) random walk method. Their vitamin A (VA) status was assessed by HPLC and their dietary intake of VA by a food frequency questionnaire. The knowledge, perceptions, use and consumption patterns of RPO were assessed by individual interviews with a questionnaire. A comparative study on the physico-chemical, nutritional, microbiological and sensory quality of 13 RPO samples from different countries was also carried. The prevalence of low serum retinol was 10.7% and the dietary intake of VA was provided up to 90% by plant foods. Only 5.9% of women involved in RPO production presented a low retinol compared with 20.8% of women not producing RPO. The quality of the RPO samples was adequate although the microbiological counts were borderline for some samples. None of the samples presented an outstanding quality profile according to the criteria used. The study shows that provitamin A-rich plant foods, and RPO in particular as the highest source, can sustain an adequate VA status. The risk of contamination of RPO during retailing needs to be tackled through awareness and training in best manipulation practices. Key words: Red palm oil, vitamin A, food diversification, quality, Burkina Faso.

Keyphrases: Red palm oil, Vitamin A, Food diversification, Quality, Burkina Faso
L’intégration du milieu naturel dans l’aménagement de quartiers de banlieue : le cas du Faubourg de la Pointe-aux-Prairies, Montréal

Studies have revealed that the process of integrating nature to development is painstakingly difficult at best. On the outset, one should question the nature and efficiency of available planning tools and distinguish whether or not they are at the source of this delay. A case study pertaining to conservancy and planning, the residential development Faubourg de la Pointe-aux-Prairies (FPP), located in Montreal, Canada, made possible the exploration of these questions.   Our first goal was to determine if FPP had successfully integrated nature into its development. By evaluating nature quotas, ecosystem resiliency and numerous feedbacks from municipal actors, it was determined that the project had not successfully integrated nature into its development. While the project conserved 25% of its surface area, no efforts were undertaken to guarantee the long term viability of the ecosystem present on the site.    The second goal evaluated the implementation process of the same case study, by observing the various tools and incentives applied by various public and private stakeholders. It became quite clear that some tools were maladapted to certain specific contexts. Protected areas were seldom included in the municipal planning tools, wetlands were destroyed with the explicit authorization of the ministry of Environment (MDDEP), the MDDEP did not verify the authenticity of deals between third parties when awarding permits and certifications, there was no tools protecting woodlands and other terrestrial ecosystems and finally, the municipality did not analyze the economical benefits of including nature to private developments.

Keyphrases: Nature, Acquisition, Concertation, Nature, Integration, Urban development, wetlands, Planning, Acquiring, Rules, Concertation
Annotation des ARN non codants du génome de Candida albicans par méthode bioinformatique

Bioinformatics is a multidisciplinary field that uses biology, computer science, physics and mathematics to solve problems in biology. One of the topics of bioinformatics is the analysis of genomic sequences and prediction of genes from non-coding RNA (ncRNA). The non-coding RNAs are RNA molecules that are transcribed but not translated into protein and have a function in the cell. The use of biochemistry and molecular biology techniques in order to find non-coding RNA genes is rather difficult and relatively expensive. Thus, the prediction of genes by bioinformatics methods is an important issue. This research describes a computer analysis to search for new ncRNA in the pathogen Candida albicans and an experimental validation. The strategy used was to combine several algorithms and to validate a subset of computer predictions with a microarray experience covering 1979 regions of the genome. We have identified 62 new transcripts in Candida albicans. We have also developed an analytical method for tiling array and attempted to improve the prediction of ncRNAs this with a method based on the search of RNA motifs in the sequences.

Keyphrases: Candida albicans, ncRNA, Candida albicans, microarray, tilling array analysis
Introduction de la vidéosurveillance intelligente à domicile:Perception des acteurs du système de santé à l’égard de leur pratique, de l’accessibilité et de l’image transmise

Introduction: Elderly living at home fall and this may result in severe consequences. However, rapid detection and effective intervention using an intel-ligent videomonitoring system is very promising. Objective: The study aims at exploring the perception and receptiveness of healthcare providers regarding this technology from three angles: image transmission, the accessibility of their cli-ents to such a system, and its introduction in their practice. Methodology: Seven focus groups allowed 31 healthcare providers to express their points of view. A content analysis was performed with N’Vivo software. Findings: Participants reckon that CLSC, caregivers, the 911 or a central call center might receive im-ages of falls. They believe that admission criteria might have to be developed in order to ensure accessibility to the videomonitoring system which, they think, could improve their interventions in terms of emergency management when falls occur as well as of cause seeking. Conclusion: The participants are in favour of using the intelligent videomonitoring system, but they might require an adaptation period in order to adjust their practices. They have recommended that a pilot study be carried out to confirm its feasibility in a real-life setting.

Keyphrases: Perception, Technology, Videomonitoring, Fall, Healthcare providers, Homecare, Perception
Les déterminants psychosociaux du poids corporel dans la population québécoise adulte

Title: Psychosocial correlates of body weight in the Quebec Adults Population. Objective: Within the variables available in the 1998 Social and Health survey, identify psycho-social correlates of body mass index (BMI) in the Quebec population. Method: Access to the Social Lifestyles and Health 1998 survey was done at the «Institut de la Statistique du Québec». Groups studied included the 25- to 44-years and the 45- to 64- years old men and women. Results: Higher number of physical activity (PA) related to transport and levels of education were associated with less odds of reporting an excess body weight only in the 25- to 44-years old men. Cigarette smoking was also associated with less odds of reporting an excess weight in both men groups. Regular practice of leisure time PA was associated with less odds of reporting an excess weight only in 45- to 64-years old women. In both women groups, more frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages decreased the odds of reporting an excess weight. Perceived eating habits were also associated with less odds of an excess weight in most groups except in the 25- to 44-yearsold women where the trend was not significant. Opposite associations were observed between perceived health and BMI. In the 45- to 64-year old men, better perceived health increased the odds of reporting an excess weight. On the opposite, the odds of reporting an excess weight decreased with better health in 25- to 44-years-old women. In all groups, currently trying to loose weight increased the odds of reporting an excess weight. Others analyses also indicate that those correlates are not always associated with eating habits and PA level as it would be expected. Conclusion: Many correlates differ between age-group and sex. The identification of these factors illustrates the need to adapt obesity related program toward specific sub-group within the general population.

Keyphrases: Québec, Body weight, Body mass index, Eating habits, Obesity, Physical activity, Correlates, Psycho-social, Adults, Quebec
Systematic analysis of protein complexes involved in the human RNA polymerase II machinery

Genomes encode most of the functions necessary for cell growth and differentiation. Gene transcription, RNA processing, and chromatin remodeling are central processes in the interpretation of the information contained in genomic DNA. Although many protein complexes forming the cellular machinery that interprets mammalian genomes have been studied, a number of additional complexes remain to be identified and characterized. Using proteomic approaches, Dr. Benoit Coulombe’s laboratory purified many components of the RNAPII transcription machinery using tandem affinity purification (TAP), a procedure that allows the isolation of protein complexes as they likely exist in live mammalian cells, and the identification of interaction partners using mass spectrometry. High confidence interactions were selected computationally and used to draw the map of a network connecting many components of the mRNA transcriptional machinery. By applying this procedure, our lab has identified, for the first time, a group of proteins, that interacts both physically and functionally with human RNAPII, and whose properties suggest a role in the assembly of multi-subunit complexes, acting as RNAPII-specific scaffolding proteins and chaperones.   The aim of my project was to continue the characterization of the network of protein complexes involving transcription factors, and thus, further pursuing our survey of protein complexes in whole cell extracts. Eight novel RNAPII interaction partners (PIH1D1, GPN3, WDR92, PFDN2, KIAA0406, PDRG1, CCT4 and CCT5) were purified using the tandem affinity purification (TAP) method, and their interaction partners were identified by mass spectrometry. Over the years, our lab’s analysis of transcriptional regulation and mechanisms has contributed novel and important knowledge that provided better understanding of mRNA synthesis. This knowledge is paramount to the development of therapeutics that will target transcriptional mechanisms.

Keyphrases: Purification TAP, Transcription machinery, Human RNA polymerase II, TAP purification, Interaction partners, Interaction networks
Impacts fonctionnels des polymorphismes dans les promoteurs 
des gènes de l’apoptose

Cancer susceptibility can involve many different mechanisms, including apoptosis, cell growth, cell differentiation, DNA replication and DNA repair. My project focuses on the apoptosis pathway. Decreased apoptosis level can lead to the accumulation of dysregulated cells, creating a favourable environment for genetic instability and tumorigenesis. Since apoptosis is a highly regulated pathway, the hypothesis of this project is that functional polymorphisms (rSNPs) in the regulatory regions of apoptosis genes such as promoters could create or disrupt transcription factor binding sites and modify their transcription levels. The main objectives of my project are: (i) Identify rSNPs in promoter regions of apoptosis genes; (ii) Calculate the frequent promoter haplotypes (rHaps) in general population; (iii) Validate their functional impact on gene expression with in vitro assays (gene reporter and gel shift). This study will allow identification of rSNPs and rHaps that could influence apoptosis gene expression levels, at least in the in vitro context. These allelic differences of expression in apoptosis genes could contribute to interindividual cancer susceptibility.

Keyphrases: Polymorphisms, Promoters, Functional impact, Apoptosis, Cancer, Cancer
L'obligation d'information à échelle d'intensité variable: vers une théorisation de l'obligation de conseil

In 1992, the Supreme Court of Canada advised against confusing the obligation to counsel, a main obligation in a contract with the obligation to inform, that remains a secondary obligation. The main obligation to counsel is recognized in contracts with the customary professionals, such as mandates given to notaries and lawyers. However, recent evolution of the case law has revealed that the main obligation to counsel is extending in scope and that the notion of "professional" has moved towards a less restrictive meaning. In Quebec, the main obligation to counsel is imposed primarily on professionals subject to the Professional Code, in particular lawyers and notaries. A secondary obligation to counsel is recognized in contracts with other individuals who practice professional activities but are not professionals as defined by the Professional Code. It is the case, for example, of securities brokers or securities dealers, insurance brokers or bankers. Moreover, a controversy has arisen in the field of banking regarding the scope of the obligation of bankers to counsel and to inform a client in a contract for services. More specifically, the courts are divided over recognition of the obligation to counsel of bankers in loans. Some decisions only sustain the obligation to inform whereas others expand it to the obligation to counsel. To get a clear understanding of the confusion surrounding case laws in the field of banking and in the contract of enterprise or for services generally, we must proceed with a study combining the evolution of the secondary obligation to inform and the main obligation to counsel. Our analysis is based on the evolution of the case law towards the theorization of the obligation to counsel which thus constitutes a variation in intensity of a secondary obligation to inform. Furthermore, we show that an obligation to counsel is imposed upon a larger category of professionals. In this case, the obligation to counsel is similar in its essence to the duty to counsel of the customarily professional subject to the Professional Code. It becomes apparent that the main obligation to counsel is not restricted to professionals in the conventional sense.

Keyphrases: Obligation, Contrat services, Obligation, To inform, Duty, To counsel, Secondary, Main, Contract, Services, Enterprise, Banks, Brokers
Le règlement des différends commerciaux internationaux en Chine par voie arbitrale

China's particular cultural background influences the mode of resolution that is chosen to resolve foreign-related commercial conflicts. A lot of prevention mechanisms are used in China. Conciliation and mediation come from a millenary tradition and thus have a very important place in resolving commercial conflicts. Conciliation is almost always used before any other kind of conflict resolution solution, such as legal action, is taken into consideration by both parties. By analyzing Chinese judicial structure it is possible to find some omissions in this mode of resolution. Indeed, the judicial independence is in such default that both parties will almost always prefer arbitration rather than a judgment by the court. This being said, some foreign investors can chose to go through with the judicial process but then a basic knowledge of the local judicial system becomes necessary. Therefore foreign-related conflict resolution in China is usually done by arbitration. There are two categories of arbitration that must be known. One of them is the ad hoc arbitration who is not expressly permitted or prohibited in China. This situation has been a benefit to the development of the institutional arbitration which has been developed a lot by the most important arbitration institution that is the CIETAC in China. In other hand, we cannot forget the foreign arbitration institutions in China that attract more and more foreign investors and their Chinese partners.

Keyphrases: Conciliation / médiation, Conciliation / mediation, Institutional arbitration / ClETAC, Chinese Law, Chinese judicial structure, Ad hoc / international arbitration in China
Le processus d'adhésion à l'Union Européenne est-il en mesure de contribuer davantage que la Convention européenne à la protection des droits de l'homme en Turquie?

The issue of the accession of Turkey to the European Union is one of the most controversial topics as regards to human rights. The sensitive issues such as the kurdish problem and the conflict with Cyprus are the main cause of the most restrictions of the rights and freedoms and complaints lodged against the Turkish State before the European court of Human Rights. Turkey has the essential characteristics of a modern and secular state, but its democracy prove to be fragile. Thus, the powerful role of the army in many areas of political life can be explained by the malfunctioning of the democracy, giving to the régime an authoritative aspect. The Turkish army is seen as the guardian of the unity, security and identity of the nation. Indeed, the access to modernity is due to the control of the army, but the régime in Turkey needs to undertake major policy reforms to converge with European Union policies. The judicial and administrative system set by the army in 1982 does not sufficiently protect the justiciable. The exceptional measures such as state of emergency, security state courts, anti-terrorist law contributed to the violation of human rights and emphasized the contradiction between conventional law and national law. Turkey has made progress towards modifying its legal system in order to give more independence and impartiality. The accession partnership will certainly enable Turkey to review its Constitution and relevant legislation in providing basic freedoms, the rule of law and respect of human rights in conformity with the European Union's own standards. Turkey's inclusion in the enlargement process has not only increased European Union leverage over Turkish politics, but revitalized Turkey's European vocation.

Keyphrases: Human rights, Civil liberties, Turkish Constitution, European Convention on Human rights, European court of Human Rights, Accession process European Union enlargement, Copenhagen criteria, European Charter of fundamental rights
Étude du comportement électromécanique du ventricule gauche canin sous différents modes de stimulation

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) is known to decrease mortality rate and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from heart failure with left ventricular contraction dyssynchrony. However, it has been shown that 30% of patients do not respond to this therapy. Many studies have investigated the electrical or mechanical synchronism of contraction but few have studied the activation contraction coupling on a macroscopic level.    The objective of this study is to observe the left ventricle’s electromechanical behaviour under biventricular stimulation. A software has been developed to analyse the data coming from non-contact mapping and blood pool SPECT for 12 dogs with heart failure. In order to observe the mechanical response following an electrical activation, we have registered 3D surfaces generated by the 2 modalities. Afterward, we defined the cardiac cycle limits, and we analyzed electrical signals as well as endocardial wall displacement curves where the onset of contraction was defined as a 10% inward radial displacement.   Results show that both duration of left ventricular activation and QRS increase with pacing and that electromechanical delays are independent of stimulation mode (mean value 84,56 ± 7,19 ms). Finally, we observed that basolateral stimulation shows the best improvement for left ventricular function while presenting a long QRS duration.

Keyphrases: Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Non-contact mapping, Gated blood pool SPECT, QRS, Activation, Fraction d’éjection, Ejection fraction, Contraction homogeneity
Schizophrénie et dépression : Recours aux services avant et après une hospitalisation pour tentative de suicide

Background:   Mental health disorders and suicide attempts are important risk factors for suicide. Health care services have an important role to play in preventing these deaths.  Objective:   To analyze patterns of service use for a mental health purpose before and after a hospitalisation following a suicide attempt among Montreal’s residents diagnosed with schizophrenia or depression. Method:    Data was taken from the linked administrative database of the Montreal’s Agency. Patient’ characteristics and contacts rates with services three months before and after the index hospitalisation were compared. The representative sample includes all 525 patients living in Montreal, who were hospitalised following a suicide attempt (Apr. 2003-Dec. 2004) and who were diagnosed with schizophrenia or depression. Results:  Intensity of care increased significantly after the index hospitalisation. Patients in contact with services before and comorbidity of substance abuse disorder among men predicted a contact with services for a mental health purpose three months after the index hospitalisation contrary to women with comorbidity. Besides, the emergency room profile of service use predicted a lack of service utilisation.  Conclusions:  Health services respond to suicide attempts, including in men with substance abuse. However, there is an opportunity for increased aftercare coordination for suicidal individuals, in particular for those presenting at the emergency room, those with no previous contact with services and for women with substance abuse.

Keyphrases: Suicide attempt, Schizophrenia, Depression, Comorbidity, Substance abuse, Service utilisation, Mental Health, Hospitalisation, Hospitalisation, Care