NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'œuvre d'art dans l'école au Québec : similitudes entre l'enfant et l'œuvre dans l'aperception de l'adulte

Of the 850 pieces of art integrated to the elementary and secondary schools in Quebec since the 1980’s following the Politique d’intégration des arts à l’architecture, rare are the ones that seem to address their public, young and adult. The child’s comprehension is not always taking into account when the adult comity chooses the pieces of art. Equally, when the youths meet the art, their spontaneous affect can be turned by the interpretation of the authority – educator, supervisor or parent – in favor to a meaning induce by the culture of the Law Society. It is then noticed that the view of the child which drives him towards the piece of art to develop his knowledge of it through the experiment of his senses – vision, touch, hearing, spatiality – is discredited by the view of the adult who has a mission to impart knowledge to students and foster their social development by bringing them to civil manners. Comparing the institutional willingness written down into legislative material and the reports of the art integration comity upstream and the behaviors and discourses of the youths and adults around the pieces of art downstream, the child’s apperception in the scholar system can be uncovered in its relevance to the apperception of the art integrated to the schools. Are the child and the piece of art in the institution considered for themselves or are they solely seen by the adult through a mindful projection of what they ought to be? Thus will be studied theoretically and empirically the place left both to the child and the piece of art in the school space in order to see everyone’s autonomy in their relation with the adult. Material experience theories, Dewey’s pragmatism and Vygotsky’s socioconstructivism will allow to call into question the constructivism, behaviorism and so-called socioconstructivism implemented in the institution. Through this study, it is understand that the piece of art is a synonym of the child’s place in the school space. The adult considers both for what they legitimate his own place. The child integrates both human and art to the space of his own representation without any discrimination in gender, specie nor form, comprising them as his own self.

Keyphrases: Art public, Instruction public, Études autochtones, Public art, Public instruction, socioconstructivism, Native studies
Représentation des rébellions de 1837 dans les manuels scolaires québécois

This thesis studies the effect on Québec history textbooks published between 1982 and 2006, of the changing historical representations of the Lower Canada Rebellions visible in the works of renowned historians. It shows that in the historiography, the perception of the 1837 Rebellions evolved in this period, which saw two reforms of the high-school history curriculum. It concludes, however, that the textbooks published after the 2006 school reform remain attached to a historical construct typical of an older historiography.

Keyphrases: Lower Canada Rebellion, Historiography, Textbooks, National History
Effet de la végétation sur la variabilité de la profondeur de dégel à petite échelle dans un paysage de tourbières en forêt boréale dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest

In order to better understand the impacts of climate change on permafrost degradation, it is important to understand the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on permafrost dynamics. While studies allude to the effect of broad vegetation groups on permafrost dynamics at landscape-scale, the role vegetation plays in affecting the spatial variability of active-layer development on the scale of metres, as explored here, is largely unknown. The study was carried out in a boreal forest-peatland landscape in the discontinuous permafrost zone in the southern Northwest Territories (N61°18’, W121°18’). We examined the influence of the following vegetation characteristics on the spatial variability of thaw depth: tree density, shrub cover, leaf area index, and cryptogam presence (lichen and bryophyte). We found that greater tree density was associated with shallower thaw depths while shrub cover (<50cm height) had a negligible influence. Furthermore, thaw depth depended on the cryptogam species cover and microform. This research quantifies the impact of vegetation by strata on thaw depth and may ultimately serve to refine vegetation parameters in ecosystem models and land surface schemes as part of climate models.

Keyphrases: permafrost, heat transfer, boreal forest, species, plants, vegetation ecology, microtopography, microform
Adaptation of agriculture to climate change in Quebec : the co-construction of agricultural policies in the RCM of Haut-Richelieu

Climatic as well as non-climatic factors should be taken into consideration in the process of agricultural adaptation to climate change and variability. Agricultural adaptation places the human agent at the centre of the adaptation process, which can lead to maladaptation.  Following the discussions on climate change that have attracted scientific and public attention during the 1980s and 1990s, Canadian agriculture has become a focal point of several pioneering studies on climate change and variability (CCV), a phenomenon mainly due to the anthropogenic effect. To deal with CCV, it is not only mitigation that is important but also adaptation. When it comes to adaptation, it is rather climate variability that interests us than just the average increases in temperatures. The overall objective of this MSc thesis is to improve the understanding of the processes of adaptation and adaptive capacity at the farm and the farming community through a bottom-up process, i.e. using the approach of co-construction (which can also be considered as an adaptation strategy in itself), to develop appropriate management and planning tools and to build a better ability to adapt in the farming community. To achieve this, the grounded theory approach is used. The end results are five interrelated categories of expanded codes, conceptually distinct and with a greater level of abstraction.  The RCM of Haut-Richelieu was chosen as the study site because of its several agricultural aspects, aside from its favourable biophysical conditions. 15 interviews were conducted with farmers.  The results show that while some farmers recognized the positive and the negative side of CCV, the others are very optimistic about it as if they only see the positive side; hence the need to see both sides of CCV. Also, there is still some uncertainty related to CCV, which comes from disinformation and desensitization of the farmers mainly in relation to the causes of CCV along with the nature of climatic events. Moreover and given the fact that adaptation has many characteristics and types, there are many types of adaptation that involve both the private actor and the government. Furthermore, adaptation strategies should be developed jointly by farmers in concert with other actors, starting with the agronomists because they serve as important relays between farmers and other stakeholders such as public institutions and private companies.

Keyphrases: Climate change and variability, Co-construction, Adaptation, Agriculture, Haut-richelieu, Quebec, Co-construction, Agriculture, Adaptation, Haut-richelieu
Cassiodore, Variae, Livre 11 :  traduction et commentaire historique

This thesis is a translation and historical commentary of the book 11 of the Variae by Cassiodorus corresponding to the period he served as praetorian prefect (533-537) under Ostrogothic rule. The Variae are sources of primary importance for Ostrogothic Italy, and they are not yet translated or commented in French, which is what this thesis will attempt to do for the book 11. It is indeed a very important and relevant source to the 6th century in Italy because all others sources for this subject are distant, geographically or chronologically. A commentary on this book allows us to draw a better picture of the praetorian prefect and his office as well as the situation in Italy between 530 A.D. and 540 A.D.

Keyphrases: Variae, Ostrogoth, Cassiodorus, Late antiquity, Praetorian prefect, History, Italy, Ostrogoth
La subjectivité poétique face à la peinture : le cas de L'Atelier contemporain de Francis Ponge

Francis Ponge’s L’Atelier contemporain is a collection of most of his texts on art. In those texts, despite Ponge’s reputation of “poet of things”, his primary focus is not put on the finished works (the paintings), but rather on the artists themselves. Supported on a deepening of the conception of Ponge’s poetic as an erotic relation between the subject and the object, this master’s thesis aims at discovering, through the specific questions that painting asks to writing, the reasons of the shifting of the look from the mute things to the talking persons. It seems that Ponge, facing non-verbal artistic works, is seeking a power of significance that he cannot find, which forces him to turn towards the persons. However, these persons always yield, in L’Atelier contemporain, to the poetic subject.

Keyphrases: Francis Ponge, French literature of the XXth century, Poetic subject, Relations between writing and painting, Art criticism, Philosophy
Du «Home sweet home» à la maison hantée : représentation de la maison dans les romans québécois des années 2000

As part of the topical writings on the concept of place, this Master’s thesis applies the sociocriticism tools to the analysis of the representation of the home in contemporary Quebec novels, especially those of Catherine Mavrikakis, Elise Turcotte and Ying Chen. This analysis focuses on the Home sociogram as the core operational concept, its two main conflicting components being the "Home Sweet Home" and the "Haunted House". The deciphering work leans on the characteristics of this couple as expressed in the selected writings.  While our time is defined by a "private space hyper-investment", as expressed by Gilles Deleuze, the house in the Quebec novels of the 2000's appears more as a location imprinted by the haunting, far from the reassuring image of the home sweet home as advertised in our society. Ghosts and wraiths invade this intimate space and become actors of the everyday life, revealing the profound unease of the occupants and the repression of a problematic past. The subject is therefore confronted to a "disturbing strangeness" in the heart of its home.

Keyphrases: Quebec contemporary novel, Sociocriticism, Sociogram, Haunted house, Spectrality
Inscriptions d’un legs littéraire : analyse comparatiste des inscriptions funéraire et amoureuse dans Premier amour de Samuel Beckett

This dissertation deals with the representations of the act of inscribing in Samuel Beckett’s short story Premier Amour with a particular focus on two specific inscriptions – namely firstly, the funeral (the epitaph the narrator composes for himself after his father’s death) and secondly, the beloved (the name he inscribes once he “falls in love”). By looking at these, the dissertation investigates the notions of both reading and writing. The dissertation is divided into two chapters: the first, which looks at the inscription as something visible and legible; and the second, which focuses on inscribing as an act which has a legacy. By using and comparing these two approaches, this dissertation demonstrates how Premier Amour can be seen as a first step towards a general comprehension of a written “literary legacy”. Specifically, the dissertation shows the linguistic construction of the conceptual interlacing of the inscriptions and the legacy it conveys and presupposes, as this interlacing is inherent to our understanding of the literary and the human world. By means of a conclusion, this dissertation considers the conflicting relationship between, on the one hand, the contemporaneousness which dreams of a world without inscription, and on the other hand, the inevitability of inscription.

Keyphrases: Inscription, Legacy, Premier Amour, First Love, Samuel Beckett
Zwischen deutschem und kanadischem Identitätsdiskurs im Kanada Kurier 1981 : Zur Vergangenheitsbewältigung in einer Diasporazeitung

German-Canadians have reflected on questions of identity for a number of years. Some events occurring during the 20th century have indeed forced them to constantly (re)define their particular identity vis-à-vis the (English-speaking) majority in Canada. Ethnic newspapers have been central to the community’s reflection on a number of those identity issues, including some very heated debates. The Kanada Kurier, a weekly German publication distributed across Canada for about a century, had been a forum for German-Canadians trying to define and express themselves.  This thesis will thus interrogate and describe German-Canadian identity discourse as it came to be embodied in the Kurier. The identity discourse and the issues the community was concerned with will be highlighted via an analysis of the comments from the newspaper’s readers’ section published in 1981. First, the body of letters illuminates that German politics were central to German-Canadians’ dual identity; this identity being forged by references to the Canadian as well as the German context and reinforced by politics shared by Germans in Canada and Europe. Using the concept of transnationalism, the thesis will interrogate the Heimat, a highly political topic after 1945, and illustrate the complexity of the fatherland/motherland motif in the German case, especially in the context of demands from the Revanchists for territories taken over by Poland and the USSR after 1945. Central to most of the letters analysed is the difficult relationship Germans-Canadians continued to have with the events of World War II, which serves as one of the community’s lieu de mémoire. Finally, a deep analysis of the Kanada Kurier reveals a medium that was exploited in multiple ways and a newspaper that has definite diasporic qualities.

Keyphrases: Kanada Kurier, Lieu de mémoire, Identity discourse, German-Canadians, Content analysis, Transnationalism, Lieu de mémoire, Site of memory, Diasporic journal
Le programme cognitif-comportemental au CJM-IU : l'effet du degré d'exposition au programme sur l'ampleur des troubles de comportement des adolescentes six mois après leur admission au CJM-IU

The implementation of evidence-based programs into real world settings can be a difficult process for administrators and educators with adolescent clientele. Practice settings are faced with constraints that may lead to the modification of intervention programs in order to facilitate their implementation. It is therefore imperative to document and measure the effect of these modifications when programs are evaluated. However, because research hasn’t yet identified the conditions in which it is possible to modify programs for use in intervention settings, this study proposes a new approach based on the principles of effective treatment elaborated by Andrews and his colleagues (1990). This approach allows for the modification of intervention levels while ensuring the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral program. This study sampled 74 adolescent girls hosted at the Centre jeunesse de Montréal – Institut universitaire (CJM-IU) over 6 months in order to assess the effects of the cognitive-behavioral program dosage among behavioral disorders. The results indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapy was applied in an irregular fashion and much less frequently than originally planned, which speaks to the difficulties encountered in implementing evidence-based programs in real-world settings. The results also suggest that the adolescent girls with more characteristics of a behavioral disorder and who completed more auto-evaluations during their rehabilitation showed significantly fewer behavioral problems 6 months after the beginning of the treatment.

Keyphrases: Program evaluation, Degree of exposition, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Adolescent girls, Implementation accuracy, Risk-need-responsivity
La sexualité des agresseurs sexuels de femmes : sont-ils tous obsédés par le sexe?

A review of the models of sexual offending (developmental, typological, and offending processes) sheds light on the role of sexual deviance and hypersexuality in sexual offending. Consequently, the aim of the study was to investigate the deviant and nondeviant sexuality of extrafamilial sexual aggressors against women in order to evaluate the heterogeneity of their sexual lifestyles. Psychosexual and crime-related characteristics of 160 extrafamilial sexual aggressors against women incarcerated in Quebec (Canada) were analyzed. Latent class analysis, followed by a factor analysis results in the identification of hree distinct sexual lifestyles: Internalized Deviant (ID), No Sexual Problem (NSP), and Hypersexual Deviant (HD). ID aggressors were characterized by sexual dissatisfaction, sexual deviance, and a bland sexual life. NSP aggressors were characterized by the absence of sexual deviance or hypersexuality; their cognitive distortions, rather than their sexual lifestyles, appear to be the basis for their sexual crimes. Finally, HD aggressors were characterized by hypersexuality and sexual deviance, both of which may favour coercive sexual behaviours.

Keyphrases: Sexual lifestyle, Rapists, Latent class analysis, Factor analysis, Deviance, Internalized psychosexual problems, Hypersexuality
L’origine géographique en tant que facteur explicatif de la cyberdélinquance

This memory suggests that the origin of a cybercriminal is an explanatory factor of the phenomenon of cybercrime. It has two specific objectives: first, to describe the profile of cybercriminals identified in the international media. It also aims to check whether these profiles vary according to the origin of the cybercriminal. A database was created, with 90 cases of cybercriminals, worldwide. Fifteen (15) cybercriminals were selected per geographical territories, areas ranging as follows: North America, Latin America, Australasia, Western Europe, Eurasia, and Africa/Arabian Peninsula. First of all, descriptive analyzes were performed in order to paint a picture of this phenomenon. Secondly, analyzes of contingency tables were performed between the variables being studied to see if relationships existed. Finally, other analyzes of contingency tables were performed to establish the differences of the parameters depending on the origin. The results of these tests reveal that it is in general young men with an average age of 25 who will commit computer crimes. Some typical profiles emerged from the analysis and can be explained by access to computers, Internet speed, and inequalities in economic distribution, depending on the origin of the cybercriminal.

Keyphrases: Hacker, Cybercrime, Cybercriminal, Cybercriminality, Cyberdelinquency, Origin, Territories, Region
Lutte aux botnets : les politiques de prévention s'avèrent-elles efficaces?

Antivirus software alerts  as well as the myriad of reports in the media about threats in  cyberspace makes us realize the full extent of the problem. Whether it is SPAM, attacks by denial of service or viruses,  cyberspace is filled with threats that persist despite the efforts put forward in this ongoing battle. Does it have anything to do with the effectiveness of the actual policies in place to counter the phenomenon?  In addressing this question, the main objective of this study is to verify which precautionary policies (anti-spam laws, public-private partnerships and dismantling botnets) are most influential in determining security threats, while also focusing on the effects of different socio-economic factors on this variable. The data collected by the antivirus software company ESET were used. The results suggest that public-private partnerships offering personalized assistance to users happen to be the most effective prevention policy. The botnets takedowns can also be effective, but only when multiple actors / servers important to the network are put out of harm's way. The dismantling of the Mariposa botnets is a good example. The  conclusion of this paper suggests that  the dismantling- partnerships formula would be the most sensible choice to fight against cyber threats. These prevention policies both have effective methods to fight against cyber threats, which is why they should be pooled to provide a better defense against this phenomenon.

Keyphrases: Botnets, Security threats, cyber crime, cyber threats, Prevention policies
La culture d’entreprise : une comparaison de deux compagnies d’assurances à partir d’une approche interactionnelle

This thesis proposes a comparative study of two insurance companies from an interactional perspective. The analysis of the organizational life in these two insurance companies allowed me to show that the discourse on cultural values contained in these insurance companies’ publications were often at odds with the actions, positions and practices that managers put forward on a daily basis. These differences result from the fact that the administrators seem to conceive of their organizations on the basis of operational modes, processes and business management criteria that are specific to companies focused solely on economic gain. As I try to show in this thesis, the values that are cultivated in an organization are nevertheless as important as the products and services that insurance companies offer to their customers to ensure the proper functioning of a company.

Keyphrases: Approche comparative, Communication, Ventriloquie, Comparative approach, Organizational climate, Organizational culture, Sales agent, Ventriloquism
Progrès vers la synthèse totale de l'hodgsonox

This thesis presents an extension of the study towards the total synthesis of hodgsonox, a new natural insecticidal sesquiterpene known to inhibit the larval growth of the Australian green blowfly, Lucilia Cuprina. Hodgsonox possesses six stereogenic centers and has a tricyclic core composed of an epoxide fused to a five membered ring and a doubly allylic six membered cyclic ether function.  The proposed synthetic strategy includes nineteen steps and was previously developed (but not completed) by Lise Bréthous (PhD), Nicolas Lévaray (MSc), Dr Ying Dong Lu and Dr Sonia Diab, from Pr Lebel’s group. The first step is a dynamic kinetic Noyori hydrogenation that allows the selective formation of one diastereoisomer from α-acetylbutyrolactone. A sequence of six additional linear steps, including the opening of the lactone as well as a ring closure metathesis (RCM) reaction, allows the formation of the five membered ring with an overall yield of 37%. The isopropyl moiety is then added by a conjugate addition to form a silylated enol ether that is directly oxidized to the corresponding ketone using palladium (II) acetate. A hydrosilylation reaction affords the desired syn stereochemistry for the isopropyl moiety. A carbonylation reaction on a triflate intermediate produces the skeleton for the formation of the cyclic ether. Finally, the six membered ring is obtained by intramolecular O−H insertion with an overall yield of 2% over 17 steps. The specific work of the author includes testing catalytic reaction conditions for the Saegusa oxidation of the silylated enol ether intermediate. The author has also investigated the three last steps of the synthesis, namely, the epoxidation of the cyclic double bond, the O−H insertion and the methylenation reaction. Finally, an alternative route was explored. This new route consists in the formation of the cyclic ether by an epoxide nucleophilic substitution. The exo-cyclic double bond would be formed afterwards by a simple dehydration reaction.

Keyphrases: Hodgsonox, insertion O-H, Saegusa oxidation, O-H insertion, methylenation