NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'homologation et l'entérinement des ententes issues de processus de règlement amiable des litiges administratifs

This study examines the homologation or approval of a settlement agreement reached under administrative mediation or conciliation. The first part aims to clarify the concepts by defining the preferred terminology in a comprehensive way. The implementation of these applications is then analyzed according to the jurisdiction of administrative tribunals and courts of law with respect to a conciliation agreement or a transaction concluded under administrative proceedings. The formalities relating to the submission of the demand are exposed. The tests for compliance with the law and with public order are then circumscribed to complete with an examination of the consequences of the agreement on eventual remedies, as administrative review or judicial review.

Keyphrases: Homologation, Transaction, Conciliation, Homologation, Approval, Transaction, Agreement, Mediation, Conciliation, Alternative dispute resolution, Administrative tribunals, Administrative law, Jurisdiction
Identification des enjeux éthiques dans le soulagement de la douleur des enfants polyhandicapés non-communicants

Despite advances in modern medicine and the advancement of knowledge, pain relief remains an area little studied and poorly understood. Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy and inabilities to communicate verbally are part of vulnerable populations at risk of not being understood. There is now evidence that these children may experience pain from various sources. The purpose of this exploratory study is a qualitative attempt to determine the ethical issues that are encountered by health care professional in a long term care setting, when we want to evaluate and relieve pain in this population of children. Information was gathered through semi-structured interviews with families, natural caregivers and health care professional. The data were then compared to what is found in the literature. According to parents and guardians, all regular staff from long term care and respite care demonstrates a greater understanding of their child's needs that they have met with health care providers in the acute care setting. However, even if they are more sensible, their evaluation of the degree of pain is still base on a subjective process that result in uneven intervention to relief the child. They also expressed that the main difficulty of working with these children is the uncertainty of having correctly interpreted the behavior and taking the appropriate action. In conclusion, despite the research and the possibility of using validated tools, clinical practice does not meet the standard of practice to which these children are entitled in all settings where they receive care.

Keyphrases: Pain, Evaluation, Cerebral palsy, Handicap children, ethics
La responsabilité internationale pour le dommage transfrontière médiat

The interdependence of the environment has highlighted the need for the international community to find mechanisms that are able to work beyond national borders and protect the natural assets of common interest. Given the inefficiency of the concept of common heritage of mankind for the protection of the natural assets subject to the sovereignty of a State, this study provides an analysis of the application of international responsibility to mediate transboundary harm (e.g. the environmental harm taking place in State’s territory that causes a loss to the planetary natural heritage) as a mechanism that can overcome borders and protect the environment. There are two types of international responsibility in general public international law. The first one consists of the State responsibility for activities not prohibited by international law; and the second one deals with the origin of an internationally wrongful act, which, in turn, has two subdivisions: one due to "violation of an international obligation" and another caused by "serious breaches of obligations under peremptory norms of general international law." The analysis of the principles of international environmental law and the principle of sovereignty demonstrate that “mediate transboundary harm” could in theory be considered an internationally wrongful act, therefore allowing the accountability of a state.

Keyphrases: international responsibility, international law, international environmental law, sovereignty, common heritage of mankind, environmental harm
Les représentations sociales et les préoccupations en matière d’environnement chez les jeunes du Sénégal : une étude comparative en milieu urbain chez les jeunes scolarisés de Dakar

Senegal faces many environmental problems that are exacerbated by rural-urban migration, population growth and increasing urbanization. In the capital, Dakar, people are exposed to important industrial, health and environmental hazards. Given the negative impacts of environmental degradation on urban settlements, it is crucial to acquire a deeper understanding of social representations of the environment among the urban population, especially among the younger generations, who will have to bear the consequences of the environmental deterioration caused by previous generations.   Based on the theory of social representations, this research aimed to: 1) explore the social representations of the environment among young Senegalese, aged 9 to 16, in different schools in the city of Dakar; 2) study their knowledge, attitudes and behavior in relation to environmental and ecological issues, and; 3) determine the main agents creating environmental awareness among young people in Dakar. The analysis was based on age, gender and school-type variables.  The methodology employed in this research was essentially qualitative-exploratory, and based mainly on questionnaires and drawings. Discourse analysis yields three typological categories of social representations of the environment among young people in Dakar: "negative" "utilitarian" and "living environment". These social representations differ in varying degrees depending on the age group, gender and school-type. A large number of youth are also using a vocabulary associated with concepts related to the natural environment. The pictorial analysis, which is consistent with the lexical analysis of the questionnaires, shows that the typological categories of environment are related to the "living environment" to "natural resources" and to "nature". These categories emerged regardless of age, school-type or gender group.

Keyphrases: Culture, Dakar, Attitude, Perception, Social representations, Environment, Youth
Propriétés des monocouches auto-assemblées du liquide ionique 1-(12-mercaptododécyl)-3-méthylimidazolium

The properties of a novel class of surface chemistry based on ionic liquid self-assembled monolayers (IL-SAM) were investigated for use with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. Biosensors are useful to detect specific biomolecules in a complex biological matrix. However, the analytical signal of a specific biomolecule can be masked by nonspecific adsorption of the biological matrix, resulting in a false positive response. Moreover, the activity of molecular receptors is often reduced by current immobilization chemistry. Thus, it is essential to determine an ideal surface for the preparation of biosensors. Ionic liquids are well-known to promote the activity of molecular receptors and this study investigates if this important property translates to SPR sensors. Different ionic liquids were used to form self-assembled monolayers on a gold surface. IL-SAM were based on mercapto(alkyl chain)n methylimidazolium salts with different alkyl chain (n = 3, 6, 9, 12) and counter anions (Br-, BF4-, PF6-, NTf2-). Kinetic studies of the nonspecific adsorption of bovine serum were carried on SPR sensors with a custom built instrument based on wavelength interrogation SPR on a dove prism. Thereafter, anti-goat IgG selective to human IgG was used as a model for biosensor employing ILs-SAM surface chemistry. Exchange of counter anion of ionic liquids was believed impossible for most hydrophobic counter anions. However, it was observed that ionic liquids immobilized on a gold surface have the ability to exchange their counter anions reversibly, allowing a simple method to modulate their physico-chemical properties. This phenomenon was observed by contact angle technique and by attenuated total reflectance mid-infrared (ATR mid-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) and mass spectrometry (MS). Better understanding of the anion exchange properties is crucial in predicting the behaviour of IL-SAM in presence of biological buffers and fluids.

Keyphrases: Ionic liquid, self-assembled monolayers, surface chemistry, non-specific adsorption, biosensor, surface plasmon resonance
Intervenants sociaux et médication psychiatrique : pratiques et accueil réservé
à la Gestion autonome de la médication en santé mentale

Mental health research recognizes several skills in social workers. However, when it comes to medication—fundamental element of the mental health treatment plan—one notes that social workers are mainly attributed the role of seeing to the patient’s acceptance of the treatment. And yet, scientific research shows that taking medication is a complex experience which entails psychosocial impacts. This context then presents an opportunity for social workers to explore the different facets of this experience with the people they accompany. This opportunity is not only put forth by professionals, but also by voices from the margins, those of people who have lived through a mental health problem and dealt with medication becoming a part of their lives. It is from this perspective that the Gestion autonome de la medication (GAM) approach allows to consider the experiential and psychosocial dimensions of medication-taking. Through individual intervention or group meetings, the GAM offers support to individuals taking medication in order to help them have a critical look on their medication and to furthermore ensure that the medication consumed is in the best interest of their quality of life. This study was conducted on 19 workers in the field of social intervention, who had participated in the GAM training. The goal was to learn more about their respective practices in relation to psychiatric medication as well as how the GAM has been received by them. A literature review on social intervention and medication is introduced, as well as a detailed description of the GAM. Conclusions will be elaborated on the GAM training and the professional training of social workers.

Keyphrases: Intervention psycho-sociale, Mental health, Psychopharmacological treatment, Psycho-social intervention
Analyse et explication de la variation du taux d’homicide en Europe

The homicide rate is a good indicator of the general violence in a country. Moreover, it is the best measured crime because it is rare that a homicide goes unnoticed. Many authors have therefore sought to explain what might influence the variations in homicide rates throughout the world. These include the standard of living measured by GDP per capita, inequality, measured by the GINI coefficient or demographic factors. Their results have revealed some predictors that could influence homicide rates. These criminogenic factors are all at a macroscopic level, where it is difficult to react. This thesis will integrate the model, in addition to known predictors, variables, which are proximal (alcohol and drug consumption, presence of organized crime, corruption, crime rate, etc.) to see if they could also influence the variation in homicide rates.   This study will focus on the homicide rate from 41 European countries. A selection of our variables will be implemented using bivariate analysis (correlation, partial correlation) before joining the remaining variables in several multiple regression models that will ultimately isolate the variables that influence the real rate homicide.   The results indicate that proximals factors have a real influence on homicide rates. After taking into consideration many variables at the macroscopic level, not only are the two proximal variables (abuse of alcohol, and the percentage of victim of burglary) significantly related to homicide rates, but incorporating such variables in a multiple regression model also increases explained variance. So, this proximal variables are very important in explaining the variation of homicide rates.

Keyphrases: Europe, Macro levels factors, Proximals factors, Homicide rate
Soviet history in hindsight : a comparative study of history textbooks in Russia, Ukraine and Estonia between 1980 and 2010

Our work will examine the crucial rupture between Soviet and Russian history from 1985 (1991 in some cases) through 2010, during which rival political leaders of Ukraine, Estonia and Russia had an opportunity to develop and attempt to impose their visions of their respective national identities and their history. The main goal of this study is to provide a new understanding of the connection between history, ideology, and development of national consciousness. The focus of the previous research in this domain concentrated on each studied country in particular. Mainstream historiography left unnoticed particularities in the development of new political discourse in the peripheral states that emerged from the collapse of the Soviet Union. The proposed study project will examine the consequences of the dissolution of the USSR on the socio-political situation in Eastern Europe. It should shed light on the effects the collapse of the Soviet Union had on the intensification of ethnic, nationalist and religious discourse in several former socialist republics. We conducted a comparative study of recent history textbooks in several countries of Eastern Europe (in Russia, Ukraine and Estonia) and analyzed the new content of post-Soviet history textbooks used in Eastern European Secondary schools. Each of these countries followed a distinct path; therefore we aimed to reveal their particular search for a new national identity and citizenship during the transitional period.

Keyphrases: History – USSR, History – Russia, History – Ukraine, History – Estonia, Education – History – 1980-2010, Nationalism, Ethnicity, Histoire – Ukraine
Le sionisme : une analyse morphologique

Zionism is a political movement, a national ideology. Its history is one of national liberation but also of tragedy, a tragedy faced by two peoples with equally legitimate aspirations to the same piece of territory. In order to help understand that tragedy as well as, one day, how it may perhaps be overcome, a morphological analysis of Zionism is undertaken. The morphological approach to the study of ideologies was first developed by Michael Freeden. Applied to Zionism, it reveals four core concepts of the ideology - nation, antisemitism, galout and national renaissance. Their analysis aims to account for the conceptual evolution of Zionism both diachronically and as regards its numerous ideational variations, thus providing an account of how it evolved through a changing sociopolitical context.

Keyphrases: Michael Freeden, Michael Freeden, Zionism, Political ideology, Nationalism, Morphological analysis of ideologies, Political concepts
Segmentation et exclusion des Gitans de Perpignan : émergence d'une élite politique?

In the last decade, a wealth of literature has documented the situation of Rroma living in Central and Eastern Europe, in a context in which there has emerged new elite and new forms of political action.  Among Western Europe’s Romani, political activism and elites seemed to be absent. This fieldwork has been done with certain types of elites among the Gypsies of Perpignan seeking to encourage political action, in the cultural context of a segmentary society with diffuse power which is faced with various forms of socio-economic exclusion by mainstream society. In this analysis, I suggest that exclusion by the païos (non Gypsies) is a denial of the relational reality of the Gypsies with the païa majority. Finally, this fieldwork has revealed the position of the cultural brokers, a role played by various agents intervening between Gypsies and non gypsies worlds. I argue that it is through the cultural broker’s role that political elite may emerge.

Keyphrases: Social and cultural anthropology, Political anthropology, Gypsies, Segmentary societies, Exclusion, Elites, Cultural broker, Minorities, Political activism
L’influence de la violation des conditions d’emploi constitutives du contrat psychologique et des conditions d’exercice de la profession, sur l’intention de quitter :
le cas des professionnels de la gestion des ressources humaines

During the last decade, many changes have been observed in the labor markets which have lead organizations to review their work conditions. By improving the work environment, organizations have been able to attract and retain good workers. Human resource professionals (HRP) are not an exception. Indeed, HRP have specific expectations, they also develop their own psychological contract.  This research attempts to understand the intent to quit of a HRP. Specifically, this research seeks to identify the conditions of employment and of professional practice through the theory of psychological contracts. When these conditions are not met, they positively influence the intent to quit of a HRP.  According to our statistical analyses, psychological contract breach of the conditions of employment and of the conditions of professional practice positively influences the intent to quit of a HRP. More specifically, the conditions of employment which influence the intent to quit of a HRP are related to career development, social atmosphere and job content. Moreover, the role of a change agent and a strategic partner are the conditions of professional practice that influence negatively the intent to quit of a HRP. However, the role of an administrative expert influences positively the intent to quit of a HRP. Finally, our analysis highlights the importance of respecting the conditions of employment compared to those associated to the conditions of professional practice. Indeed, we find that the breach of three conditions of employment that have a positive influence on the intent to quit of a PRH can be associated to career development, which is a value that is more and more important for a PRH in current times.

Keyphrases: psychological contract, intent to quit, conditions of employment, conditions of professional practice, psychological contract breach, human resources professionals
Représentations votives pour la « Dame de Vie » : analyse iconographique des bols de faïence du Nouvel Empire égyptien

This study’s research question raises the issue of the paradoxical nature of the Egyptian canon of representation which shows, simultaneously, a certain rigidity in the application of established stylistic and iconographic rules, especially in non-state commissioned art, and evidence for the transformation and integration of new iconographical motifs. The study aims to identify the mechanisms by which the canon permits, at the same time, transformative processes and the maintenance of tradition. The approach is twofold and consists primarily in identifying trends and stylistic/iconographical discontinuities in the iconography found on the faience bowls from the Middle to the New Kingdoms. Furthermore, it aims to determine if the socio-political and ideological transformations taking place in these periods can be discerned in the stylistic and iconographical variations found on the bowls of the Middle to the New Kingdoms. The author discusses the theoretical model of “representation” in Egyptian context, followed by an analysis of what constitutes the major contribution of this study: an exhaustive iconographical analysis of 500 faience bowls and fragments originating from various Egyptian sites dating to the New Kingdom. The data was evaluated by means of the method of iconological analysis proposed by Panofsky, which permits the identification of a number of stylistic and iconographic continuities and changes for all periods. These transformations seem to be the result of a variety of factors, including fluctuations in the centralization and decentralization of the state, as well as the integration of foreign motifs (Near-Eastern and Aegean), which results from increased contacts between Egypt and its neighbouring regions. Furthermore, the ideological transformations taking place under Akhenaton’s reign and the ones resulting from the ideological “counter-reformation” occurring during the Ramessid period, equally seem to contribute to the changes in the representational canon, even though the latter maintained a certain continuity that was legitimized by the state. The canon thus emerges as a form of language used by the state, and sometimes despite it, which can fluctuate and be altered depending on the realities of the different periods.

Keyphrases: Faience, Iconography, Lotus, Bowl, New Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, Hathor, Ceramics, Marais, Marshes, Papyrus, Potamogeton, Nun, Egypt
Le regard de l'allié britannique sur la France et son armée durant la guerre de Crimée

In the Crimean war, Great-Britain made an alliance with the Second French Empire, the traditional enemy, still considered as a threat; this cooperation, forced by circumstances, forms the basis of this research. Thousands of soldiers and civilians from both countries worked together for two years. The British personal letters reveal a fraternization between both cultures that is more important than the one mentioned in the historiography. According to Gordon Allport’s theories on the diminution of prejudices, all the necessary conditions for reconciliation could be found in Crimea. The steps leading to the fraternization, defined by Allport, are also perceptible in the personal letters. This reconciliation had under-estimated consequences: British soldiers and civilians started comparing themselves with the French and their pride gave place to an important self-criticism. This led to scandals in the army and the newspapers from the very beginning of the war, long before the scandals of the winter 1854-1855.

Keyphrases: Francophilie, Francophobie, Army, Cooperation, Correspondence, Enemies, Francophile, Francophobia, Great-Britain, Prejudice, Reconciliation, Second French Empire