NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'évaluation des allégations d’agression sexuelle chez les enfants

This internship report pertains to the assessment of sexual abuse allegations in children. Such offenses are by nature committed avoiding prying eyes, thus leaving few witnesses and little physical evidence to corroborate suspicions of abuse and complicates the investigation by making facts difficult to certify. Thus, only the victim and perpetrator are able to provide evidence to the inquiry. Known to deny or minimize his actions, the perpetrator rarely confirms allegations which often leaves the child’s voice as the sole source of evidence, one that needs to be treated with care. The investigative interview is therefore of vital importance for the protection of victims but also to prove the innocence or guilt of the alleged perpetrator. The objective of this work is to identify the narrative practices and characteristics of interviewers that optimize the interview in order to get the full story of the events with sufficient details. A systematic literature review, using specific inclusion criteria was conducted across three databases. Eleven studies were selected from this review. The main results show a positive association between the establishment of a support-based relationship and the amount of details revealed by the child. The analysis of the studies also permitted to highlight general findings and make recommendations for youth protection social workers on how best to conduct an interview. Such recommendations correspond to specific questioning techniques to consider for preserving the quality of the testimony of the child.

Keyphrases: Sexual assault, Child, Narrative practice, Police Investigative Interviews
La place de la relation conjugale dans la réinsertion sociale des délinquants sous l’autorité des Services correctionnels du Québec

Considered the most frequently imposed community sentence, the primary goal of a probation order is the rehabilitation of the offender as a way to ensure public safety. This rehabilitation can take many forms, ranging from compliance with the conditions of probation, to a profound change in the offender resulting in the adoption of a non-criminal life. Researchers have been interested in this change and have attempted to identify the major turning points in the life-course of offenders; that is to say, the factors that play a role in the individual's desistance from crime. Some of the turning points mentioned are access to education, inclusion in a non-criminal workplace and marriage. Many studies have shown that there is a positive relationship between inclusion in a pro-social work environment, the success of the probation and desistance from crime. However, this relationship is not as evident with regards to conjugal status. What is the position of romantic relationships on deviant trajectories of offenders? How do they contribute to rehabilitation? As part of the internship completed at the Department of Correctional Professionals Services (DCPS) Southwest, semi-directive interviews were conducted with three men given community sentences, who were in a relationship at the time of the study, in order to answer these questions. A thematic analysis of the interviews has shown the contribution, both positive and negative, of the relationships on the deviant's trajectory. Moreover, interviews suggest that other social structures, including work, have played greater role in this regard.

Keyphrases: Probation, Rehabilitation, Conjugal relationship, Criminal trajectory
La thérapie cognitive-comportementale dans le traitement du TDAH chez l'adulte: état des connaissances

Background: The international prevalence of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is estimated at 2.5%. ADHD is associated with serious impairment in academic, occupational, social and emotional functioning. Despite the debilitating nature of this disorder, few individuals with ADHD receive appropriate help. Moreover, while psychopharmacology has long been considered the first-line treatment of adults with ADHD, it is now recognized that medication alone is insufficient. As such, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) represents a promising complementary approach. Objectives: This study aimed to review literature and investigate the efficacy of CBT, in reducing ADHD symptoms and comorbid conditions such anxiety and depression for adults with ADHD, by several studies through a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched the literature from 1946 through 2015 using especially MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. We used a random-effects model, Odds Ratios and Hedge’s g. Results: Data from 12 randomized controlled studies were included, totaling 575 subjects. The results showed a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms (Hedge’s g = 0.95) and comorbid anxiety (Hedge’s g = 0.39) and depression (Hedge’s g = 0.30) for the CBT group in comparison with controls. Following the end of treatment, ADHD symptoms continue to improve, but not the comorbid conditions. Conclusion: In summary, in adults with ADHD, CBT represents a promising treatment.

Keyphrases: Tdah, Adultes, Clinical psychology, Adhd, Efficacy, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Adults
Rôle des récepteurs aux protéines G (GPR55, GPR91 et GPR99) dans la croissance et le guidage axonal au cours du développement du système visuel

During the ceremony of Nobel Prize award in Chemistry to Drs Robert Leftkowitz and Brian Kobika for their essential work on G proteins coupled receptors (GPCRs), Sven Lindin, member of the Nobel committee, said that "up to half" of medicines "are based on an action targeting GPCRs." Because of their important roles, their mechanisms of activation and their ligand activity, GPCRs remain the potential target of most of the research in the development of new drugs and their clinical applications. In this perspective, we have focused our research through this thesis to clarify the roles, mechanisms of action and ligand effects of three GPCRs: GPR55; GPR91 and GPR99 during the development of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) axons. The results of our studies confirm the expression of the receptors during embryonic, postnatal and adult ages of RGCs and during the establishment of the retinothalamic pathway. In vitro, pharmacological and genetic modulation of the activity of the GPCR reorganizes the morphology of the growth cone of RGCs, the cortical neurons and alters the global axon growth. In addition, the effects of stimulation with the three GPCR ligands on axonal guidance vary from no effect (GPR91 and GPR99) to repulsion and attraction (GPR55). Signaling pathway MAPK-ERK1/2 plays an essential role in mediating the effects of the ligands of these receptors. RhoA pathway is involved at higher concentrations to mediate the effect of the endogenous GPR55 agonist. In vivo, this research also demonstrates the involvement of GPR55 in the processes of target selection and refinement during the development of the neurovisual system.

Keyphrases: GPR55, GPR91, GPR99, G-Protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), Growth cone, Axon guidance, Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), Development, Regeneration
Eventual benefits : kristevan readings of female subjectivity in Henry James’s Late Novels

“Eventual Benefits: Kristevan Readings of Female Subjectivity in Henry James’s Late Novels” examines the constitution of female subjectivity in Henry James’s What Maisie Knew, The Awkward Age, The Portrait of a Lady, The Wings of the Dove, and The Golden Bowl. In these five novels of James’s major phase, female characters often find themselves in social or familial circumstances inimical to the autonomous psychic growth. Such subjections are particularly devastating for the children or adolescents of the first three novels. Likewise, James’s expatriate American women negotiate social and pecuniary objectifications by the Europeans they encounter; consequently, they deploy counteractive tactics to surmount their diminution and install their selfhoods. My investigation of the protocols subsidizing the enfranchisement of these itinerant women proceeds in the framework of Julia Kristeva’s theories. Recruiting her postulates of abjection and melancholia, intertextuality, motherhood and pregnancy, forgiveness and foreignness, this dissertation scrutinizes the disparate and resistant strategies of James’s female characters and arrives at a conception of female subjectivity as a continually deferred process.

Keyphrases: Henry James, Julia Kristeva, Objectification, Abjection, Female subjectivity, Intertextuality, Motherhood, Forgiveness, Foreignness
Profil d’activité physique des enfants et adolescents diabétiques de type 1

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) must control their glycemia to reduce short and long term adverse effects of a bad glycemic control on their health. To control glycemia, they have to take insulin, but it is also recommended that they have good lifestyle habits like appropriate nutrition and adequate practice of physical activity. However, T1D patients fail to follow physical activity guidelines and part of the problem might come from their personal barriers to an active lifestyle, like the fear of hypoglycemia. The use of the pump as insulin treatment helps to better control glycemia, more precisely the glycated hemoglobin, than the insulin injections, and the device is more and more prescribed in children and adolescents. However, its impact on sedentary and physical activity patterns is still not well known. The objective of the current study is thus to reveal the complete activity profile, including exercise barriers and parental lifestyle, of children and adolescents with T1D according to their insulin treatment (pump vs. injections). The study has been conducted at the endocrinology clinic of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center (Montreal, Canada). A self-administered questionnaire has been completed by 188 T1D patients aged 6 to 17 years old and one of their parents. Sixty percent of patients were insulin pump users. The study reveals no significant differences in any components of the physical activity profile, sedentary habits and exercise barriers between T1D patients using injections and pump. Fear of hypoglycemia was the main physical activity barrier for both treatments groups. Adolescents whose parents had the most diverse physical activity practice were doing more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and less screen time. In conclusion, the type of treatment was not associated to a healthier activity lifestyle in T1D pediatric patients, but a varied parental physical activity profile was the main factor of interest for healthier habits in T1D adolescents.

Keyphrases: parents, pediatric patients, type 1 diabetes, lifestyle, insulin treatment, exercise barriers
Adherence to latent tuberculosis treatment among 
immigrants in low endemic settings : a scoping review

Background: While the burden of tuberculosis (TB) is greatest in developing countries, industrialized nations are increasingly confronted with imported TB found primarily among immigrants from TB-endemic nations. Latent TB infection (LTBI), whereby the TB bacterium is dormant, is associated with a 10% risk of developing active TB disease if left untreated. Treatment of LTBI is important not only to safeguard the future health of infected individuals, but also to reduce the subsequent human and financial toll on the host country. Adherence and completion of preventive treatment for LTBI is poor and addressing this problem is crucial to controlling the prevalence of TB. The aim of the proposed paper is to identify the determinants associated with adherence to LTBI treatment among the foreign-born population residing in low TB-endemic, immigrant-receiving countries. Methods: A scoping review was performed using Medline, Medline in Process and Other NonIndexed Citations, Embase, Global Health, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), as well as the Cochrane Library. Studies were limited to those published in English and French since 1997, involving adults over 18 years of age, conducted in immigrant-receiving counties (Canada, the United States, Europe, Australia and New Zealand), with comparable socio-economic levels. Results: In total, nine studies conducted in the United States (US) originating from various TBendemic countries were included in the analysis: two qualitative ethnographic, six quantitative observational and one quantitative interventional. Socio-demographic factors, characteristics relating to the affected individuals and their families, as well as factors relating to organization and delivery of healthcare delivery, were analyzed to identify determinants of adherence. Age, years of stay in the US, sex, marital status, occupation, country of origin, family support and drug-related side effects did not appear to be significant determinants of adherence or completion of preventive treatment. However, culturally- and linguistically-sensitive education about the disease and treatment objectives, the selection of well-tolerated short treatment schedules, stable environment, and support and regular assessment from dedicated healthcare providers emerged as significant determinants of adherence and treatment completion. ii Conclusion and recommendations: Lack of adherence to prescribed treatment for LTBI by immigrants, who are already struggling with problems of integration, communication and economic hardship, is a growing threat in low TB-endemic, immigrant-receiving countries. Our findings suggest that interventions such as culturally congruent education, individually tailored assessment and support by healthcare providers and short treatment regimens can considerably improve the likelihood of treatment completion and appear to be worthwhile investments for the host country.

Keyphrases: Prévention, Immigrants, Tuberculosis, Prevention, Treatment, Immigrants
La vérité polyphonique : la problématisation théorique et pratique de la dichotomie entre fiction et documentaire, précédé du film YT Remix

This master’s study in research-creation is twofold. The first part, theoretical, refers to internal forms of fictionalization in documentary cinema, including the city symphonies Man with a Movie Camera (1929) by Dziga Vertov and Amsterdam Global Village (1996) by Johan van der Keuken. The second part, practical, is a Montreal city symphony, YT Remix, conceived as a special form of ekphrasis of the image of the world created by Yves Thériault in his novels.  The most common documentary definitions indicate the non-fictional character of this cinematic genre, the absence of professional actors and the presentation of real events. These are, in essence, the principles enunciated by John Grierson in 1932, in First Principles of Documentary. In practice, we find that most major documentary works demonstrate the precarious boundaries between fiction and documentation of the real. As noted by Jean-Luc Godard, "All great fiction films tend towards the documentary just as all great documentaries tend toward fiction" (1985, p. 14). The possibility of fiction to reveal the truth is evoked at the end of the (fake) documentary F for Fake (1975). Quoting Picasso, Orson Welles concludes: "Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth."  Johan van der Keuken, the filmmaker who has influenced us the most in the choice of our creation strategy (and to whom we devote a chapter in our master's thesis), has also addressed the question of the purity of cinematic genres. In an interview for the Cahiers du cinéma (1978), he considered the opposition between documentary and fiction as one of the biggest challenges he faced during film festivals registrations. In the same interview, the Dutch director stated that "every movie with a consciously elaborated form is, in fact, fiction" (Daney and Fargier 1978, p. 19). Thus, one of the leading questions in conducting our research-creation is about the accuracy of definition, rather reductionist, which excludes all fiction traces in documentaries.

Keyphrases: documentary, relationship between reality and fiction, city symphony, polyphony, cinematic ekphrasis, Yves Thériault
Les référendums sur la souveraineté de l'Écosse et de la Catalogne : le renvoi relatif à la sécession du Québec en comparaison

The year 2014 is marked by the referendums on sovereignty of Scotland and Catalonia, two nations that have a lot in common in terms of history and culture. The pre-referendum legal framework for each of these regions is basically the same: the legal existence of Scotland and Catalonia comes directly from the will of a unitary central state, respectively the United Kingdom and Spain. The legislative competence to hold a referendum on self-determination of these regions is also ambiguous. Faced with this dilemma, the United Kingdom allows Scotland to hold a referendum on sovereignty. This results in a fair democratic process, equitable, decisive and respected by all. For its part, Spain prohibits Catalonia to do the same, which does not prevent Barcelona to spare no effort to consult its population. The outcome is a public participation process that has nothing to do with a referendum in due form. 20 years after the last referendum on Quebec sovereignty, the study of the Scottish and Catalan referendums allows us to point out the accuracy but also the partial inconsistency of the teachings of the Supreme Court of Canada in its Reference re Secession of Quebec. On one hand, the need to balance the underlying constitutional principles of democracy and constitutionalism is highlighted. At the same time, the concepts of the clear question and answer, effectiveness and post-referendum negotiations take on another color in face of a new imperative that is absent from the conclusions of the Supreme Court: the pre-referendum negotiations.

Keyphrases: Constitutionalism, Democracy, Referendum, Secession, Scotland, Catalonia, Quebec, Reference re Secession of Quebec, Duty to negociate, Effectivity principle
Design rationnel de nanothermomètres programmables à base d’ADN

Developing nanomaterials, probes, switches or nanomachines that are able to respond to specific temperature changes should prove of utility for several applications in the fields of in vivo imaging, clinical diagnostics, and drug-delivery. Here, we describe various bio- inspired strategies to engineer DNA thermoswitches with programmable linear response ranges for precise temperature sensing between 25 to 95°C with thermal precision <0.1°C. Using multimeric switch architectures, we are able to create ultrasensitive thermometers that display large 20-fold, quantitative signal changes within only 7°C. Lastly, by combining thermoswitches of different stabilities, or a mix of stabilizers of various strengths, we can create extended thermometers that respond linearly in a 50°C temperature window. Using these programmable DNA thermometers we measured, for the first time, the temperature equilibration time inside PCR wells using a fluorescent readout. Their potential applications in in vivo imaging, DNA nanomachines, drug delivery systems and synthetic biology are further discussed.

Keyphrases: Nanothermometry, DNA, Nanotechnology, Thermosensitive materials, Sensors
« Utilisation des services de santé chez les personnes âgées : association avec la maladie chronique et l’incapacité »

Several publications emphasize the increase in life expectancy and, as a result, the global aging of the world’s population. This process will continue into the future, and will influence disability trends. In the elderly, disability, chronic diseases, and the association of both conditions are important topics in public health due to effect that they have on elderly people’s demand of health services. This paper aimed to examine the contribution and interaction of chronic disease and disability on health services demand among the elderly. In addition, the paper aimed to determine if the association between chronic disease and health services demand is modulated by disability considering the characteristics of the individual and its environment. This work is based on the behavioral model proposed by Andersen & Newman and the disability process model proposed by Verbrugge & Jette. In order to respond to the objective, we use the data of the research project "FRèLE" (frailty, a longitudinal study of its expressions), held between 2008-2013 with a sample of 1643 elderly people living in the community of Quebec. Disability is assessed with two indicators: IADL and ADL. Chronic diseases are measured by the Functional Comorbidity Index (IFC). Depression is evaluated according to the criteria of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Cognitive status is measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Predisposing factors include age, gender, ethnicity and educational level. The enabling factors include income and social network, which is measured by the presence or absence of a support person and their relationship with the elderly person. Several regression models were adopted to identify statistically significant factors in the behavioral model of Andersen and Newman as well as the model of disablement proposed by Verbrugge and Jette. Our results showed that health care service use predictors vary according to the type of health care services seek by the elderly. However, health care service use mainly increases according to the number of chronic diseases. In terms of the assessed health services, we found non-significant levels of interaction between chronic disease and disability. Given the variety of health care needs that elderly people have, characterized by a high prevalence of chronic diseases and disability, the study of the different factors involved in health services demand will be useful for the implementation of a service offering, more consistent with the needs of this population

Keyphrases: Médicaments, Elderly, Chronic disease, Disability, Health services, Medical consultation, Family physician, Medication, Hospitalization, Specialized medicine
La croyance au Père Noël a une date de péremption

Most Western children are exposed to Santa Claus during their childhood. For most parents, this is an innocent belief intended to lend Christmas a certain sense of mystery. Some parents, however, feel that encouraging belief in Santa, in fact, promotes lying. This text will provide an overview of the arguments. We will first bring up several variables likely to favour or discourage belief in Santa. We will go on to present studies that have examined the impact of believing in Santa and discovering the truth. We will then consider both children’s and parents’ points of view. We will finish by discussing the adaptive character of lying in an evolutionary perspective.

Keyphrases: Santa Claus, Childhood, Cognitive development, Lying
Étude sur la prière pour autrui : critiques méthodologiques, épistémologiques et éthiques

Since 2000, the number of studies concerning the efficiency of prayer on the improvement of physical and psychological health of the people for whom we pray has increased. A search in three bibliographic databases (PsycINFO, Medline and Current Contents) produced a list of 189 studies published between 1979 and 2007. In addition to the meta-analysis of of Master, Spielmans, and Goodson (2006), we only retained publications that included two criteria: a) prayer for others is used for the treatment of a physical or psychological problem and b) presence of a prayer group and of a control group. A critical analysis of the results raises a set of methodological and epistemological criticisms as well as some ethical considerations. We also discuss the everlasting antagonism between the scientific and the theological points of view.

Keyphrases: prayer for others, physical and psychological well-being, epistemology, ethics, research method