NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
« Love and acceptance, that’s all it comes down to » : les perspectives des enfants et des parents sur les expériences de transition des enfants trans prépubères ayant accès à des cliniques transaffirmatives au Canada

In recent years, several debates around social transitions in early childhood have emerged from public, clinical and scientific spheres. However, little has been published about the children’s transition experiences, particularly from their perspectives. Thus, this research project aims to explore the transition experiences of trans prepubertal children who have access to gender- affirming clinics in Canada from their and their parents’ perspectives. Using data extracted from a larger study conducted by Annie Pullen Sansfaçon and several other co-investigators in Canada, we analysed eight (N=8) semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted with four trans prepubertal children and their parents in a gender-affirming clinical setting. Data analysis was based on Axel Honneth’s recognition theory as well as on thematic analysis (TA). We identified five themes that describe the transition experiences of the trans prepubertal children in our sample: (1) revealing oneself to their parents by simply being themselves; (2) the transition process outside of the home: a process of negotiation and accompaniment; (3) school as the main site of tensions; (4) asserting oneself through the transition process: repercussions of obstacles and positive outcomes; and (5) looking ahead into the future: the medical transition. Understanding these transition experiences allows us to better frame the interventions of professionals in a context of affirming gender identities and expressions, accompanying families and defending children’s rights in different institutions.

Keyphrases: Recherche qualitative, Trans children, Prepubertal, Prepubertal transition, Recognition, Gender-affirming care, Qualitative research
Le point de vue des personnes touchées par le cancer quant aux interactions entre les équipes spécialisées en cancérologie et les organismes du tiers secteur

People affected by cancer (PAC) have a variety of needs.  The results of several studies show that the response to these needs is not optimal and that coordinated and concerted actions between specialized cancer teams and third-sector organizations would promote complementary care and services for PAC and thus better meet their needs. This study looks at the perspective of people affected by cancer regarding interactions between cancer teams and third sector organizations. This qualitative descriptive and interpretive study was conducted among ten women and one man affected by cancer. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews. The results obtained from the thematic analysis of data collected in individual interviews show that PAC perceive little or no interaction between cancer teams and organizations in the third sector. Insufficiency of coordinated action, information offered passively or informally by specialized cancer teams and constraints related to the accessibility of third sector services explain invisibleness of interactions between sectors in the eyes of PAC. Coordinated actions between specialized cancer teams and organizations in the third sector, personalized references made according to the unique needs of PAC, materialized by the presence of a "central" person or a pivotal nurse as well as support for professional navigation or another PAC, are desired by the PAC.

Keyphrases: Coordination, Interactions, Action intersectorielle, People affected by cancer, Cancer team, Third sector organizations, Philanthropic organizations, Community organizations, Intersectorial action, Cancer coordination
Au-delà des oléoducs : une analyse du discours des mouvements de résurgence autochtone Tiny House Warriors et Water Protectors

This dissertation is interested in indigenous social movements opposing oil pipelines. We are trying to understand why these movements favour territorial occupation as a mode of action and above all, what meaning they give to this type of action. We are looking specifically at two organizations, the International Indigenous Youth Council (part of the Water Protectors movement) opposed to the Dakota Access pipeline in the United States, and the Tiny House Warriors, opposed to the Trans Mountain pipeline in Canada. In order to better understand these movements, we carried out a discourse analysis from 25-30 videos published on Facebook and YouTube for each group. Our results show that these movements do not only oppose the oil pipelines, they in fact anchor their action in a long legacy of resistance to settler colonialism and in a broader project of (re)construction of identity, which is part in an ethics of indigenous resurgence. We demonstrate how these movements represent occupation as a reoccupation, both physical and symbolic, of political space. In doing so, these movements reaffirm their traditional systems of governance and spiritual practices. In this sense, opposition to pipelines becomes almost secondary, a mere pretext for more big picture objectives. We also maintain that although these two movements are part of the same ethic of resurgence, it manifests itself differently because of the context, but also  because of the colonial history and the cultures in which these movements are embedded. In this sense, indigenous resurgence must be situated historically and culturally.

Keyphrases: Water Protectors, Tiny House Warriors, Indigenous Peoples, Oil Pipelines, Social Movements
Personnalité et politique : comment les traits de personnalité influencent la citoyenneté

A growing interest in individuals’ predispositions has emerged over the last two decades in political psychology. A wide variety of topics have been studied, such as turnout, political knowledge, attitudes, participation, and partisan identification. These studies are usually based on the Big Five model, arguing that five traits would summarize the personality of individuals. The five traits are openness to experience, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. Most of the literature assessing the link between personality and politics focuses on the direct effects. However, the Big Five model clearly states that the relationship between traits and political attitudes, behaviours, and identities is also indirect. Using the data from the American National Election Study of 2012 and 2016, we firstly analyze how personality affects partisanship, vote choice, political interest, and attitudes toward climate change. We confirm that personality does have a direct effect on political outlooks. Secondly, we focus on the mediation effects of three values: ideology, egalitarianism, and moral traditionalism. The mediation analysis allows us to decompose the total causal (ATE) effect in two: the average causal mediation effect (ACME) and the average direct effect (ADE). We find that most of the effects are mediated by ideology, moral traditionalism, and egalitarianism. 80% of the associations are mediated by at least one mediator. Hence, this study offers evidence that personality is an important factor in the explanation of attitudes, behaviours, and partisan identity, and it indicates that values are an important mechanism through which personality has an effect.

Keyphrases: Personality traits, Mediation analysis, Partisan identification, Public opinion, Vote choice
Influence des capacités cognitives et du niveau d’incertitude sur l’utilisation d’information sociale chez le diamant mandarin

Animals frequently rely on others’ choice to decide with whom to mate or what to eat. Because social information use may lead to maladaptive decisions, individuals should not rely on social information unconditionally. In particular, reliance on social information should be more frequent when uncertainty about how to behave is high, and hence in individuals with poor learning abilities. When individuals who are copied provide contradictory social information, social learners should also preferentially copy the decisions of the most reliable model, and so, for instance, better-performing models in cognitive tasks. Here we conducted an experiment with zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) on which we measured (i) the preference for three colored feeders before and after they had received conflicting information from two models that respectively succeeded or failed to resolve a novel problem and (ii) the performance on an associative learning task. We found no evidence that individuals that were quicker to learn a new association relied less on social information compared to slower learners. Yet, the birds who exhibited a stronger initial preference used social information to a lesser extent compared to those who showed a less pronounced preference. Furthermore, we found that individuals copied more frequently the choice of the problem-solver over the non-solver model. Thus, our findings demonstrate that zebra finches weight personal and social information based on their level of uncertainty and the models’ performance in cognitive tasks.

Keyphrases: cognition, social information use, copy when uncertain strategy, zebra finches, model reliability, problem-solving ability
Nouvelle approche multispécifique intégrant les milieux aquatiques et terrestres pour l’évaluation de la connectivité du paysage

The present biodiversity loss required to increase the area of protected areas in order to reduce habitat loss, fragmentation, and mitigate the impacts of climate change. However, a major challenge remain: which parts of a landscape should be protected? The landscape connectivity potential has been one of the main factors used in recent years. However, current methods of estimating connectivity have shortcomings, not only in terms of the number of species simulated, but especially in terms of their taxonomic and functional diversity. Here, I improve the study of landscape connectivity in three ways: I assess the connectivity potential of the landscape based on a pool of 93 species, including terrestrial, avian and semi-aquatic species; I integrate aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems; and finally, I use a more realistic model of movements of wildlife species. In order to develop the method, I used spatial data from a territory in the Laurentides region of Quebec, which has a strong anthropogenic gradient from the South (highly urbanized and agricultural) to the North (very little urbanized and largely forested). I analyzed landscape connectivity for wildlife species using the program Omniscape. It allows omnidirectional simulations, which better represent the movements of animals; so far, the majority of connectivity assessments were unidirectional (from point A to point B). I then pooled the results of dispersion simulations by clustering analyzes (Fuzzy C-mean and Ward), which resulted in three groups. The results confirmed that the region delimited by the Canadian Shield contributes greatly to the movement of terrestrial and aquatic species, while the region located in the St. Lawrence Lowlands do not contribute that much. My results also underline that aquatic environments seem to play an important role in the overall connectivity of the Laurentian region, since several species (including species considered “terrestrial”) use them to move around. I therefore argue that it is essential to better integrate aquatic and terrestrial habitats into a holistic understanding of landscape connectivity.

Keyphrases: Circuitscape, Omniscape, Landscape connectivity, Aquatic connectivity, Functional dispersal guild, Wildlife corridors
Propriétés fonctionnelles et spectrales d’espèces végétales de tourbières ombrotrophes le long d’un gradient de déposition d’azote

Abstract Bogs, as nutrient-poor ecosystems, are particularly sensitive to atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition. Nitrogen deposition alters bog plant community composition and can limit their ability to sequester carbon (C). Spectroscopy is a promising approach for studying how N deposition affects bogs because of its ability to remotely determine changes in plant species composition in the long term as well as shorter-term changes in foliar chemistry. However, there is limited knowledge on the extent to which bog plants differ in their foliar spectral properties, how N deposition might affect those properties, and whether subtle inter- or intraspecific changes in foliar traits can be spectrally detected. Using an integrating sphere fitted to a field spectrometer, we measured spectral properties of leaves from the four most common vascular plant species (Chamaedaphne calyculata, Kalmia angustifolia, Rhododendron groenlandicum and Eriophorum vaginatum) in three bogs in southern Québec and Ontario, Canada, exposed to different atmospheric N deposition levels, including one subjected to a 18 years N fertilization experiment. We also measured chemical and morphological properties of those leaves. We found detectable intraspecific changes in leaf structural traits and chemistry (namely chlorophyll b and N concentrations) with increasing N deposition and identified spectral regions that helped distinguish the site-specific populations within each species. Most of the variation in leaf spectral, chemical and morphological properties was among species. As such, species had distinct spectral foliar signatures, allowing us to identify them with high accuracy with partial least squares discriminant analyses (PLSDA). Predictions of foliar traits from spectra using partial least squares regression (PLSR) were generally accurate, particularly for the concentrations of N and C, soluble C, leaf water, and dry matter content (<10% RMSEP). However, these multi-species PLSR models were not accurate within species, where the range of values was narrow. To improve the detection of short-term intraspecific changes in functional traits, models should be trained with more species-specific data. Our field study showing clear differences in foliar spectra and traits among species, and some within-species differences due to N deposition, suggest that spectroscopy is a promising approach for assessing long-term vegetation changes in bogs subject to atmospheric pollution.

Keyphrases: tourbière ombrotrophe, functional traits, spectral signature, ombrotrophic bog, partial least squares regression (PLSR), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA), spectranomics, spectroscopy, peatland, reflectance
Impact des rapports des générations avec les nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication sur le bien-être psychologique : une analyse en fonction du genre et du type d’emploi

The aim of this dissertation is, firstly, to verify the link between the predisposition of individuals towards new information and communication technologies (NICTs) and their level of psychological well-being. It then seeks to verify whether this link varies when individuals belong to different generations. Finally, it assesses whether gender and type of employment influence the link between the relationship to NICTs and the level of psychological well-being. The study was carried out among 1034 panelists of the Observer. The results of this study show that there is a link between specific dimensions of individuals' relationship to NICTs and the level of psychological well-being. Moreover, this relation is sometimes moderate depending on the generation to which the individuals belong. Furthermore, our results show no connection between gender or sector of activity and the level of psychological well-being. However, the higher an individual's level of education, the higher his or her level of psychological well-being. Part-time employment is also associated with a decrease in the level of psychological well-being among individuals belonging to certain generations.

Keyphrases: New information and communication technologies, Generation, Psychological well-being, Gender, Job type, Level of education, Employment status, Sector of activity
Une étude sur le rôle médiateur de la justice organisationnelle sur la relation entre le leadership des supérieurs immédiats et la santé mentale des employés

The main objective of this research is to determine the mediating effect of organizational justice between the empowering leadership of immediate superiors and the psychological distress of employees. Two main objectives are pursued. The first is to identify the impact of empowering leadership on psychological distress. The second objective aims to determine the mediating role of organizational justice, more precisely distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice and informational justice, between the empowering leadership exercised towards a subordinate and psychological distress. The secondary data that allow us to make the necessary statistical analyzes were collected as part of a study carried out in the industrial metalworking sector of Quebec. A total of 741 employees were surveyed using questionnaires. Analyzes of structural equations completed our analyzes. The results indicate that empowering leadership alone does not reduce a subordinate’s levels of psychological distress. However, the hypotheses concerning the mediating role of distributive and procedural justice have confirmed. To conclude, these results show that empowering leadership combined with the perception of a high level of distributive or procedural justice has a significant impact on the reduction of the occurrence of psychological distress. Thus, it is in the interest of organizations in the metalworking sector of Quebec to influence the immediate superiors to apply empowering leadership while paying particular attention to the distribution of resources as well as to the elaboration of procedures.

Keyphrases: Organizational justice, Distributive justice, Procedural justice, Informational justice, Interpersonal justice, Empowering leadership, Psychological distress
Les liens entre la rémunération tangible et le roulement volontaire dans le secteur des TIC au Canada

The purpose of this thesis is to study the links between the tangible reward and voluntary turnover components in the information and communications technology sector in Canada. To study this question, hypotheses were formulated. Based on empirical literature and certain theories, 2 general hypotheses, as well as 7 sub-hypotheses were formulated. The first hypothesis suggests that tangible reward is associated with lower voluntary turnover. The 7 sub-hypotheses stem from this first general hypothesis. These relate to the 7 components of tangible reward that are studied in this thesis, that is, the salary per employee, the number of annual vacation days, paid time off for personal reasons, commission programs, performance bonuses, payment for overtime and defined benefit pension plans. The second general hypothesis suggests that the number of tangible reward practices offered is associated with lower voluntary turnover.  The cross-sectional data used in this thesis was collected in a survey conducted by a research team under the supervision of Stéphane Renaud, professor at the University of Montréal. The research team is made up of Sylvie St-Onge, professor at HEC Montreal, Denis Morin, professor at the University du Québec à Montreal, Lucie Morin, professor at the University du Québec à Montreal and Jacques Forest, professor at the University du Québec à Montreal. In order to carry out this salary survey, the research team collaborated with TECHNOcompétences, which is the sectoral committee for the workforce in information and communications technologies. The data collection was carried out by Normandin-Beaudry between January and April 2016. One hundred and twenty-five organizations responded to the survey. Ten of them did not report data on voluntary turnover. Thus, one hundred and fifteen questionnaires that were completed by organizations from the information and communications sector in Canada were used for analysis in this study.   Of the two general research hypotheses, only Hypothesis 1 is partially confirmed, since only one of the variables was found to be significant. In other words, only one of the sub-hypotheses steming from Hypothesis 1 was confirmed. This is Hypothesis 1b which suggests that there is a significant relationship between annual paid vacation and voluntary turnover. Thus, the more a company will offer a high number of annual vacation days, the more this organization will see its voluntary turnover decrease. The other sub-hypotheses, as well as Hypothesis 2 are invalidated.  In conclusion, this thesis serves to remind managers of the importance that must be attributed to tangible reward practices. However, it also reiterates the impact and the need to grant significant importance to the compensation package as a whole, that is, both the tangible and the intangible components.

Keyphrases: Tangible rewards, Turnover, Voluntary turnover
Réparation pour les victimes de travail forcé dans les chaînes de production transnationales: une étude comparée de l'apport du devoir de vigilance au Canada, en France et en Californie

International law concerning the use of forced labour in global production chains has yet to be enacted.   In response to this phenomenon, corporate social responsibility law and the principle of due diligence have been developed to increase transnational businesses’ accountability towards the social impacts of their activities along the supply chain.  Until recently, due diligence was mainly supported by voluntary international norms and by business’ selfregulation mechanism (Kerr, Janda and Pitts, 2009). A few States recently passed legislation that a increases the scope and the efficiency of due diligence. The efforts of France on the matter have focused on the respect of workers’ fundamental rights and of the environment while similar legislative endeavours in California and in the UK have concerned themselves with the specific issue of forced labour.  In comparison, in Canada, due diligence is based on jurisprudential developments with an uncertain scope (Drouin, 2016). Three frameworks of due diligence emerge: two legislative models and one jurisprudential models.  This thesis seeks to assess the potential of the duty of diligence principle in enticing transnational corporations to remedy the use of forced labour through their supply chains. Three models will be evaluated: the Canadian jurisprudential model, the French general legislative model and the Californian legislative model specifically targeting the abolition of forced labour. The questions we will seek to answer are the following: Does the enhancement of the duty of diligence enable victims of forced labour in transnational production chains to obtain remedies? What are the key elements promoting access to remedy for victims of forced labour in transnational production chains?

Keyphrases: Corporate social responsibility law, Due diligence, Supply chains, Human rights, Forced labour, International law, Working conditions