NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La fin du Dorsétien au Nunavik : l'assemblage lithique de KcFs-2 (Iles Nuvuk)

This thesis presents the technological analysis of a Late Dorset lithic assemblage from the Nuvuk Islands in Nunavik. The technological approach and the chaine opératoire have been used to define the “technological system” of the occupants of House 3 at KcFs-2, dated between 940±20 and 970±15 BP. The technological analysis has provided information about many spheres of technological behavior related to the acquisition of raw material, to the management of blanks and preforms, to production objectives, to knapping techniques and finally to the “volumetric conceptions’’ of the site’s occupants. In order to question the actual chronocultural framework and to overcome problems associated with the typological approach traditionally used in the Eastern Arctic, this data has been compared to the data from the GhGk-63 (Kuujjuarapik) and Tayara (KbFk-7) sites, which have been use to define the Classic Dorset in Nunavik (Desrosiers 2009). The comparative analysis of Classic Dorset and Late Dorset “technological systems” has shed light on the continuities that characterise Dorset technological traditions over approximatively a millennium.

Keyphrases: Chaine opératoire, Tradition technique, Nunavik, Late Dorset, Classic Dorset, Lithic technology, Technological system, Technological tradition, Chronology, Archaeology
Les fortifications chez les Iroquoiens nordiques de 1400 à 1650 de notre ère

This thesis focuses on the study of the northern Iroquoians fortifications from 1400 to 1650 A.D. The Huron, Iroquois and Iroquoians of the St. Lawrence are the main groups under study. The initial objective was to understand the lack of fortification on Saint-Anicet site and to verify some ethnohistorical information suggesting that only the most imposing villages were fortified. Our study, based on 207 sites, confirms that the larger villages were more often fortified, particularly among the Hurons. However, at the Iroquoian level, we denote fortifications on small sites and their absence on some large sites. We also found that Huron, St. Lawrence Iroquoians and Iroquois border sites, near other groups, were more often fortified regardless of their size. In addition, the increase in the number of fortified sites for the three groups coincide with an increase in intra-group and inter-group conflicts. Our study also confirms the close relationship between a prolonged sedentary lifestyle and the presence of a palisade. From the compiled data, we also observed the evolution of different physical characteristics of the fortifications (number of rows, pile size), related structures (embankment / ditch, entrances, galleries, internal separations), European influence and species of wood used for construction. Again, the increase in pile size and number of rows is consistent with an increase in conflict, while the presence of prehistoric related defensive structures and the use of embankments and ditches among the St. Lawrence Iroquoians confirm a defensive vocation from the XVe century.  Finally, we discuss the symbolic and social integration value of the Iroquoian fortifications. The adequacy of the data concerning the physical evolution of the Iroquoian palisades, as well as their limited symbolic and social integration value, confirms in our opinion the prevalent defensive function of the Iroquoian fortifications from 1400 to 1650 AD. We recognize, however, the social and symbolic implications of fortifications, whose opportunist construction was essentially communal and non-coercive.

Keyphrases: Fortifications, Hurons, Iroquois, Iroquoians, Palisades, Prehistoric Conflicts, Saint-Lawrence Iroquoians
Une étude technologique des ornements abénakis de la période de contact et de la période historique amérindienne retrouvés sur le site archéologique d’Odanak

The archaeological site located in the historical part of the Abenaki reserve of Odanak has been occupied for several centuries. From 2010 to 2013, excavations of this site were carried out under the direction of Geneviève Treyvaud and Michel Plourde. The excavations led to the discovery of several features including many artéfacts relating to personal ornaments. These objects were studied to determine which chaîne opératoire led to their presence on the site and which operations were carried out at Odanak. Ornaments crafted from stone, metal, glass and various organic materials were worn by the Abenakis. Several different production techniques were used to craft these ornaments and these techniques left characteristic traces on the objects. Three areas are apparent on the site: a domestic zone, a production zone and a palisade. Several artifacts appear to have been manipulated and transformed in the production zone, stored in the domestic zone, and abandoned near the palisade.

Keyphrases: chaîne opératoire, coquillage, ornament, bead, tinkling cone, metal, stone, glass, bone, shell
Tsiang Tingfu : une vie intellectuelle et politique (1895-1937)

Tsiang Tingfu was a historian and political critic. In the history of the Republic of China, he was also a representative politician in the wave of "scholar-bureaucrat". This thesis focuses on his thoughts and his experiences in the first half of his life when Tsiang exhibited characteristics of maturity and activity in his thinking. In particular, in the 1930s, as one of the leaders of the public opinion in China, he had advocated most of his important thoughts which triggered a heated discussion among the Chinese intellectuals. Through investigating each step in his educational career, we come to the conclusion that both the Chinese traditional culture and the Western education had shaped his later political and social thinking. By examining his principle political thoughts and his social practices, it is also found that the core of his thoughts lies in the nationalism and his intention of Chinese modernization. As the Japanese invasion intensified in China, saving the nation became his superior value and his thought therefore turned to the conservative. In 1935, prompted by the sense of responsibility as an intellectual, Tsiang participated in the Nationalist government and had served it until his retirement.

Keyphrases: Tsiang Tingfu, Chinese intellectuals, Pragmatism, Scholar-bureaucrat, Chinese modernization, Nationalism
Les enjeux de la discrimination positive au Brésil : le cas des quotas raciaux à l’Université d’État de Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)

This research aims to better understand the trajectories and living conditions of certain beneficiaries of the quota policy and also to know the opinion of these beneficiaries on the effectiveness of the program as a tool to combat racial inequality in Brazil. To do so, a case study was conducted to learn about the experience of black self-declared alumni, who had access to the Rio de Janeiro State University, in Brazil, through affirmative action policy and have successfully completed their university studies and graduated. We conducted semistructured interviews and applied contextual questionnaires to nine former beneficiaries of the policy. The interview script was constructed from six thematic research areas: selection and integration of the University; racial identity and racism; permanence in the University; integration into the labor market; social and economic mobility; and evaluation of the quota policy. In view of the results, it can be said that the quota system in UERJ, which aims to guarantee rights historically denied to minority groups such as the blacks, for example, is helping to significantly change the living conditions of the beneficiaries. While there is still much to be done to reduce racial inequality and racism in Brazil, but from the results found here, apparently, the quota policy can be one of the steps in this direction.

Keyphrases: Positive discrimination, Racial inequalities, Racism, Brazil
Le Bassin du Lac Tchad face aux nouvelles formes de menace : la difficile dynamique de réponse régionale dans la lutte contre le groupe terroriste islamiste Boko Haram

Boko Haram is a terrorist group from northern Nigeria. This group promoting the application of Sharia in northern Nigeria, became a terrorist group in 2009 after military repression by the Nigerian state. With the inability of the Nigerian army to contain this terrorist threat, Boko Haram increased its activities around the Lake Chad Basin and beyond. During several years of Boko Haram's atrocities, one of the most important problems comes from the failure of regional security mechanisms to stem this group. Despite the implementation of these regional security mechanisms, Boko Haram remains a serious threat that has taken a heavy toll: more than 20,000 deaths in seven years of armed conflict, more than 1.5 million refugees and displaced persons, 4.2 million facing health problems and food insecurity. This leads us to consider Boko Haram one of the most ferocious Islamist terrorist groups in modern times. Using resources such as books, scientific articles, newspapers, governments and NGO reports and documents published by international organizations, this thesis seeks to explain why the regional security mechanisms failed to contain Boko Haram. I focus on two arguments: first, the lack of leadership in the fight against Boko Haram, manifested by Nigeria's regional attitude and the lack of interest of Chad, led to the failure of collective action against the Boko Haram phenomenon. Then, the second argument states that the multiplication of regional organizations in the Lake Chad Basin created difficulties of coordination between them and problems of institutional monopoly, preventing these organizations from acting effectively against the terrorist group Boko Haram.

Keyphrases: Menace transnationale, Boko Haram, Transnational threat, Regional security, Lake Chad Basin
L’apport des moyens numériques aux savoir-faire artisanaux en architecture : une analyse selon les modèles de la tectonique numérique d’Oxman

Digital tools have transformed the architectural practices due to the information flow continuity between design and manufacturing. Through this these, we explore their possible contributions in the context of artisans’ shortage and craft skills’ losses in architecture.  We relied on informed tectonic models of materials based design, documented by R. Oxman (2014), which combines a variety of digital approaches and tools to study their contributions and limits based on multiple case studies. Thus, we identified some craft skills whose decline is possibly compensated by digital tools. Then, we analyzed the digital tools’ contributions in a project based on the Sagrada Familia and Canadian parliament examples.  The main results of our research are:  • Digital in architecture is based on digital models. The parametric approach is more suited to design process while models based on lasergrammetry and photogrammetry surveys are more appropriate for replica production.  • Digital manufacturing tools allow the use of several materials types. Similarly, they provide speed and accuracy. However, the artisans’ participation remains unavoidable in most cases.  Digital media have great potential to overcome the craft skills’ loss and even exploit them in new creative processes. However, to date, they are limited to the role of assistants and should be perfected.

Keyphrases: Architecture, Craftsmanship skills, Architecture, Digital tools, Materializations models, Parametric modelling, Robotic
L’apport du co-design en architecture d’intérieur : la participation des acteurs multidisciplinaires entre efficacité et complexité

This paper presents a study on the co-design process in the context of an interior design project with multidisciplinary stakeholders. We focused mainly on the method of participation of stakeholders in the process flow. The purpose of this research is to better understand the roles of different stakeholders in co-design according to their disciplines and in context of different representational tools. The project of the redevelopment of the library HEC Montreal was used for this study where three multidisciplinary groups of participants were mobilized composed of architects, teachers, librarians, professionals, managers, students and designers. We conducted the observation of these three groups during the ideation, where conversations, behaviours and activities of the participants were observed and analyzed. The results suggest a significant difference between the muldisciplinary participants roles based on the use of representational tools, the involvement of the multidisciplinary nature mainly in the earlier phases of collaborative ideation; two types of hierarchies (communicational and creative) emerged from the different roles of the participants. From these results, this study may provide new avenues of research that could further enhance the approach of co-design.

Keyphrases: Co-design, Hybrid Ideation Space., Interior architecture, Multidisciplinarity, Representational ecosystem, Design conversations
The effects of teacher training on foreign language preservice teachers' beliefs : the case of oral corrective feedback

The objective of this study is to contribute to the range of research exploring change in teachers' corrective feedback (CF) beliefs to better inform future teacher training programs. The research questions used to accomplish the purpose of this study focused on1) what beliefs Algerian pre-service teachers of French as a foreign language (FFL) at University of Hadj Lakhdar Batna hold regarding CF before a CF training course, 2) how those beliefs change after a CF training course, and 3) what dimensions of the training course influence these pre-service teachers’ beliefs about CF?  Two groups of 14 Algerian MA pre-service teachers of FFL-one experimental and one control- participated in this study. The experimental group participated in a teacher training course about CF while the control group did not. The research instruments included a Likert-scale questionnaire and focus group interviews that addressed four CF factors (recasts, prompts, CF implementation and CF importance). Each of the two instruments was administered twice before the training started and immediately after it ended, with only the experimental group taking the pre and post focus group interviews. The training course included theoretical information and empirical results about CF and its dimensionsas well as a practical component (teaching activities).Data obtained from the two research tools were analysed descriptively. Patterns of belief change-in the interviews transcripts- were identified using five categories about types of change (reversal, elaboration, consolidation, pseudo change and no change).  Findings indicated that prior to the CF training, preservice teachers' beliefs were barely defined (i.e. they were largely neutral) especially in relation to CF techniques (recasts and prompts) for error type and learner's proficiency level. Furthermore, they were against immediate CF and did not have a clear idea about which errors should be corrected. Concerning the results in belief change, the CF training course was found to be effective. That is, after CF training, there was an obvious shift toward more positive beliefs about immediate CF and more negative beliefs about recasts. Furthermore, participants underwent a total re-construction of their beliefs in relation to the four factors with lots of elaborations. Participants attributed change in their beliefs to the second part of the training course (CF empirical studies, CF techniques and CF implementation). The participants explained that they were exposed for the first time to this content about CF and its dimensions.

Keyphrases: Teacher beliefs, Corrective feedback, Teacher training, French as a foreign language, Belief change, Recasts, Prompts, Formation, Preservice teachers
Assessing the transfer of video game play versus attention training using
3D-Multiple Object Tracking

In the past decade, research on video games and their implications on cognitive abilities have gained significant interest. Various studies suggest that video games (in particular action video games) have the inherent ability to influence and improve attentional abilities such as visual spatial attention, processing speed, visual short-term memory and multiple-object tracking. However, many other studies have been unable to replicate similar results. On the other hand, a recent cognitive enhancement tool that is visually dynamic and void of context called 3-Dimensional Multiple-Object tracking (3D-MOT), has demonstrated robust effects on cognitive-perceptual abilities such as divided, selective, and sustained attention as well as working memory and information processing speed. The current study examines four groups of non-video game players that train for 10 sessions on the cognitive enhancing technique (3D-MOT) or on one of three different visually stimulating games: highly visually stimulating game (Call of Duty), lowly visually stimulating game (Tetris), or non-visually stimulating puzzle (Sudoku). A battery of cognitive tests and quantitative electroencephalography preformed before and after training, demonstrated that training on 3D-MOT improved cognitive functions related to attention, working memory, and visual information processing compared to video games. For the first time, this study demonstrated that non-contextual training with 3D-MOT improves perceptual-cognitive abilities more efficiently than video game playing.

Keyphrases: 3D-MOT, qEEG, Video games, Perceptual-cognitive training
SUMOylation atypique du récepteur nucléaire Nor-1

Nuclear hormone receptors are transcription factors that regulate the expression of many genes implicated in a wide variety of physiological functions. They are generally activated by an interaction with a specific ligand but their activity can also be modulated by post-translational modifications such as SUMOylation. Recently, our laboratory identified ER as a SUMOylation target on an atypical SUMOylation motif named pSuM. This non-consensus SUMOylation motif was also found on Nor-1, a nuclear receptor implicated in physiological processes such as glucose metabolism, cellular proliferation and neuronal survival. Until now, the function of this pSuM motif is still unknown and there are no evidence that Nor-1 is a target of SUMOylation. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to determine the SUMOylation potential of Nor-1 on his pSuM in a neuronal context and to characterize the effect of SUMOylation on Nor-1 transcriptional activity and target genes expression. Our results showed that Nor-1 can indeed be SUMOylated on his pSuM, that this SUMOylation was dependent on serine-139 phosphorylation, and that the MAPK pathway augmented the global SUMOylation state of Nor-1 and its protein expression levels. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Nor-1 can conjugate SUMO-1 and SUMO-2. Our results also indicated that SUMOylation activates the transcriptional activity of Nor-1 and that the pSuM site of Nor-1 was important in maintaining its basal transcriptional activity. Preliminary results suggests that Nor-1 SUMOylation on the pSuM has an impact on the expression of target genes such as enolase-3, suggesting a potential role for Nor-1 in the regulation of the metabolism of neurons. In conclusion, the results presented in this work identify a new SUMOylation process implicated in regulating Nor-1 and nuclear receptors activities, suggesting an extended role of this atypical SUMOylation process in many gene networks and physiological processes.

Keyphrases: Nor-1 (NR4A3), SUMOylation, pSuM, Nuclear receptors, Central nervous system, Neurons
Étude sur l’expérience des relations amoureuses des jeunes hommes ayant vécu un premier épisode psychotique

This qualitative study aims at understanding the factors underlying the difficulties young men (18-35 years old) who had a first episode of psychosis have at initiating and maintaning intimate relationships. 12 participans took part to a semi-structured interview of 60 minutes. Four main themes have been identified following the data analysis : Coping with proximity, Conception of intimacy, Identity and Recovery process. Results suggest that difficultiess faced by this population could be related to previous relational experiences, metacogntives and emotional regulation deficits that apeared after the first episode, but more research is needed.

Keyphrases: PÉP, Relations intimes, Psychosis, Severe mental illness, First episode, Schizophrenia, Romantic relationship, Intimate relationship, Recovery
Exploration des dilemmes éthiques entourant le traitement de la dysphagie à l’enfance et leurs solutions : perceptions d’intervenants

A review of the literature reveals that there is little knowledge about the ethical dilemmas (and their solutions) surrounding the treatment of childhood dysphagia. The aim of this study is to explore and describe the ethical dilemmas faced by practitioners in the treatment of feeding problems in children with dysphagia and the ways in which these problems are solved. Semi-directed interviews were conducted with eight health practitioners working in an integrated university health and social services centre (CIUSSS) in Quebec. All the practitioners mentioned that they had encountered ethical dilemmas, on average twice a year, and these had caused them some distress. These dilemmas have three main causes: refusal of treatment by some parents, partial follow-up of professional recommendations and differences of opinion with external partners. To resolve these dilemmas, practitioners say they rely on team discussions and the help of superiors, external partners or parents. The majority of participants mentioned that they needed additional means to resolve these dilemmas and proposed some avenues in that direction. The results of the research generally correspond to those documented in the literature. More attention should be paid to these dilemmas, given the scarcity of ethical resources currently available, that are adapted to and able to address these situations, and the distress that these cause.

Keyphrases: perception, phénoménologie, ethics, dilemma, distress, dysphagia, childhood, intervener, phenomenology
L’humour de la fiction télévisuelle à l’ère du numérique Paratextes et galaxies du rire

Humor cannot simply be reduced to distance or comic incongruity: it is rather a means of sharing – it may even be the means of network sharing. This paper examines the pragmatic effects of consumption of the media fragments circulating online, and it aims to understand their specificity while emphasizing their relational dimension. The analysis focuses firstly on the family sitcoms of the official platforms created by television networks, and secondly on the phenomenon of their fans’ appropriation. Humor emerges as a transversal tension, which largely contributes to the media flow online.

Keyphrases: GIFs
Unusual central nervous system lesions in slaughter-weight pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 systemic infection

Porcine circovirus type 2 systemic infection was diagnosed in 2 slaughter-weight pigs based on postmortem examination. The infection was associated with unusual central nervous system lesions characterized by a multifocal lymphohistiocytic to granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis with giant cell formation. The role of these nervous system lesions in the development of the clinical signs in these pigs remains uncertain.

Keyphrases: Animals, Central Nervous System/pathology, Circoviridae Infections/diagnosis/pathology/veterinary, Circovirus/isolation & purification, Fatal Outcome, Immunohistochemistry/veterinary, Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary, Swine, Swine Diseases/diagnosis/pathology