Étude exploratoire du soutien social dans le processus menant à l'hébergement des aînés en perte d'autonomie

Context : In Quebec, a vast majority of senior citizens live within the community. For the elderly who has greater difficulty or who needs to be in an environment adapted to their specific needs are about 12% of the population aged 65 years and over in 2006, the options are relatively limited. Firstly, we have private seniors homes, for those who can afford it. Next, we have non-profit organizations that provides housing projects for the elderly; religious communities who welcomes senior citizens in their homes; board and care homes; foster and care homes; low-income public housing for the elderly and cooperative housing. Then, lastly we have the innovative projects of alternative model housing, which explains that very little is known on the transition towards this type of habitation.  Subject : The transition towards supportive housing is a process that can be potentially stressful for senior citizens. Their support network may be called upon to play an important role to help make the transition easier for the individuals involved. If the literature on the social network is abundant, it is even more limited when it comes to the relationship between the social support and the transition to supportive housing. Most censuses done, studies the effects after relocation. Some studies analyse the decision making process but it is rare that they are interested in every step of the relocation process. The majority of researchers analyses the perception of caregivers, and sometimes those of professionals. That of the elderly less is known.  Goals & Objectives : The goal of this study helps to better understand how the various forms of social support operates close to the elderly during the different stages of the transition process in supportive housing. More precisely, it helps to understand how these people perceive the different types of support received from their networks during the transition, the meaning of help received, the support responds to the needs and why they appreciate or not the support received.  Conceptual Framework : This exploratory and retrospective study has a life course approach. The transition to supportive housing is studied as being part of the residential trajectory process of the person. We prefer an interactive and constructive approach to the social support, which accords more attention to the subjective interpretations of the people who are part of the social networks. Methodology : We interviewed eight residents (6 females and 2 males) aged from 64 years or more living in an innovative project of alternative model of housing : Les Habitations St-Christophe, an alternative resource located in the city of Laval, in the province of Quebec, Canada. The subject perceptions of the social support received during the transition were analysed with the grounded theory, the most appropriate strategy for better understanding of residents’ perceptions. Results : The analysis of the residents’ perceptions of the housing process at the Habitations St-Christophe gives a better understanding of the influence on their residential trajectories, housing transition, their perceptions of the decision making process, role played by others relatives in this process, as well as motivations, also the role played by the social support group during this transition. Three network models were identified, taking into account the frequency of the contacts, intensity of the links, and the support available. The most important forms of support received were identified from the subjects’ perceptions of emotional, instrumental, and cognitive help or assistance received during the transition, and their satisfaction level of the assistance given by their relatives. The analysis revealed two transition models (anticipated, considered and prepared transition versus precipitated transition) and also two support models (valued support versus not valued support).  Conclusions : In addition to the convergence elements and different points observed among our results and the literature, a number of practice lessons for the intervention were found. These include certain conditions to be put in place by managers in the public services, some principles to respect when intervening by the professionals, measures to take to improve the operations, and the interventions to take for seniors citizens and the caregivers.

Keyphrases: Transition, Housing, Transition, Social support, Support network, Social network, Elderly, Institutionalization, Life course, Residential trajectory, Grounded theory