NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Effets de l’initiative AIDES concernant la centration sur les besoins de l’enfant dans le processus d’évaluation et d’intervention auprès des familles

Initiative AIDES (Action intersectorielle pour le développement des enfants et leur sécurité : Cross-sectoral Action for Child Development and Safety) is an ecological emerging approach in child neglect. This approach promotes parent participation and professional’s involvement in the process of evaluation and intervention. It also suggests an assessment tool named CABE (Cahier d’analyse des besoins de l’enfant: Child’s needs assessment tool), derived from the analysis framework. The purpose of the study is to assess the effects of Initiative AIDES on families in the situation or at risk of neglect, in terms of focusing on the child’s needs in the evaluation and the intervention process made by the psychosocial practitioner. It is a secondary analysis of data from a broader study. The three research objectives were to assess the focus on the child’s needs in the evaluation process and the intervention plan and assess the consistency between the evaluation and the actions implemented by professionals during that clinical process, as well as the focus on the child’s needs. A secondary content analysis mixing intra and inter-case comparisons was conducted based on the administrative records of twelve children (6 in the experimental group and 6 in the control group). The results underlined the efficiency of the CABE in focusing on the Child’s needs. The structure of the CABE facilitate a depth and complex analysis. The results related to the intervention plan/ individualized service plan showed a lack of empowerment given to the parents during the intervention process. The results also shed light the necessity to involve more professionals and other persons, that are already working with the families. Recommendations based on our results are formulated to foster better efficiency in writing intervention plan and to offer trainings and support to the professionals in psychosocial intervention who will continue to implement the initiative AIDES program. Keywords: Neglect, program evaluation, initiative AIDES, child’s needs, qualitative research, child protection.

Keyphrases: Initiative AIDES, Neglect, Program evaluation, Child’s needs, Qualitative research, Child protection
Recherche de Supersymétrie à l’aide de leptons de même charge électrique dans l’expérience ATLAS

Since the Standard Model only explains about 5% of our universe and leaves us with a lot of open questions in fundamental particle physics, a new theory called Supersymmetry is studied as a complementary model to the Standard Model. A search for Supersymmetry with the ATLAS detector and using final states with same-sign leptons or three leptons is presented in this master thesis. The data used for this analysis were produced in 2015 by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV of center-of-mass energy. No excess was found above the Standard Model expectations but we were able to set new limits on the mass of some supersymmetric particles. This thesis describes in detail the topic of the electron charge-flip background, which arises when the electric charge of an electron is mis-measured by the ATLAS detector. This is an important background to take into account when searching for Supersymmetry with same-sign leptons. The extraction of charge-flip probabilities, which is needed to determine the number of charge-flip events among our same-sign selection, was performed and found to vary from less than a percent to 8-9% depending on the transverse momentum and the pseudorapidity of the electron. The last part of this thesis consists in a study for the potential of rejection of charge-flip electrons. It was performed by identifying and discriminating those electrons based on a multi-variate analysis with a boosted decision tree method using distinctive properties of charge-flip electrons. It was found that we can reject the wide majority of mis-measured electrons (90-93%) while keeping a very high level of efficiency for well-measured ones (95%).

Keyphrases: ATLAS, Retraçage, Particle physics, Hadron colliders, Standard Model, Supersymmetry, Electrons, Tracking, Multivariate analysis, Boosted decision trees
Études de caractérisation d'un détecteur à pixels Timepix au CdTe en vue d'applications dans la physique des particules et la physique médicale

A Timepix pixel detector has been characterized for the purpose of applications in particle physics and medical imaging. This Timepix detector consists of a segmented CdTe sensor layer with a thickness of 1000 mm divided into 256  x 256 pixels and manufactured with ohmic contacts. Each pixel has an area of 55  x 55 mm2. The polarization effect in the Timepix-CdTe (TPX-CdTe) was studied with the aim of determining whether a detector possessing ohmic contacts exibits the said effect. It has been observed that the effective bias of the detector decreased over a 38 hour measurement period. This indicates that the detector became polarized. The detector was exposed to photons with energies of 59.5 keV and 662 keV emitted from 241Am and 137Cs sources, respectively. The energies measured with the TPX-CdTe were accurate to within 1.18% and 0.03%, respectively. A global calibration of the detector was implemented and compared to a conventionally used per-pixel calibration. Proton energies (from 0.8 up to 10 MeV) have been measured and the energy resolutions obtained by both calibrations have been compared. The global calibration improves the energy resolution by 8.6% for protons. The presence of traps in CdTe and their influence on charge collection have been investigated. The mobility  x lifetime product of charge carriers has been measured for 1.4 MeV protons based on the Hecht equation.

Keyphrases: Timepix, CdTe, Polarization, Carrier mobility, Carrier lifetime, Energy resolution, Hecht equation
Une exploitation additionnelle du catalogue de mouvements propres LSPM pour l'étude statistique des étoiles naines blanches

We present an additional exploitation of the Lépine \& Shara Proper Motion catalog (LSPM) divided in two main parts: a follow up and some improvements on the census or northern white dwarfs within 40 pc of the Sun and a study of the SDSS white dwarfs component in the LSPM survey. The former consists in the use of criteria previously established in order to create a list of white dwarf candidates with an associated priority. The priority order has been enriched and one of the criteria has been slightly modified. We then use a non-linear least square method to the observed magnitudes in each available photometric system simultaneously in order to determine the atmospheric parameters and, in particular, the distance of each white dwarf candidate. This approach allows a second criteria to be applied on our sample based on the goodness of the fit. This will lead us to the identification of 31 new white dwarfs, from which 11 are likely to remain  within 40 pc of the Sun. A new list of 340 candidates has also been established for eventual observations. The latter consists in the use of all the objects from the 7th data release of the SDSS that have a counterpart in the LSPM catalog to elaborate a statistical study of white dwarfs, in this case by calculating the white dwarf luminosity function. To do so, one of the same criterion mentioned above will be used to make a first selection of presumed white dwarfs. Afterwards, the distance will be determined by the same least-square method, but without any restriction on the distance. To balance the effect due to the sensibility in magnitude of the survey, we used a ponderation method based on the maximum observable volume (1/v_max). However, other factors come to affect our results and the last part of this work concentrates on their identification.

Keyphrases: Distance, 1/v_max, Solar neighborhood, Stars, White dwarfs, Luminosity function, Fundamentals paremeters, Techniques: 1/vmax, Techniques: photometric, Techniques: spectroscopic
Le confinement magnétique de la tachocline solaire

The solar tachocline remains the subject of vigorous ongoing research efforts. Understanding the dynamics of this thin layer at the interface between the radiative and convective zones is important to the overall understanding the Sun’s inner workings. Indeed, the presence of a tachocline plays a major role in most dynamo models that describe the generation of the solar magnetic field. Moreover, the differential rotation observed in the convection zone should spread in the radiation zone, where the rotation is uniform, so the tachocline should be much thicker than inferred from helioseismic inversions. The physical mechanism(s) responsible for confining the tachocline has not yet been identified with confidence, although many promising hypotheses have been put forth. One of these invokes the penetration of a dynamo magnetic field below the convective zone, leading to the suppression of the differential rotation in the tachocline through the action of magnetic stresses. We present here a simplified MHD model formulated in one spatial dimension, in order to test this fast tachocline scenario. We focus on two specific physical cases : one where the angular momentum transport is due to the viscosity and the other where radiative spreading dominates over viscosity. We carry out and analyze several simulations to determine under which physical conditions the confinement of the tachocline is possible via this scenario. The amplitude of the magnetic field penetrating the convective zone, the magnetic diffusivity, the viscosity and the thermal diffusivity all have a major impact on the results, and we conclude by determining under which parameters the tachocline could be confined by such a dynamo field.

Keyphrases: Tachocline, Sun, Differential rotation, Magnetohydrodynamics
Une réponse pragmatiste à la tension entre les notions d'individu et de population dans le cadre des théories de l'évolution darwinienne

Darwinian explanations require the distinction between two levels of biological organisation, that of the individual and that of the population. This research aims at identifying tools to distinguish these two levels and the related concepts. Building on Millstein’s work concerned with the notion of population (2010b) and on the theory of individuality defended by Hull (1978) and Ghiselin (1974), we propose a continuum of individuality understood in terms of integration and on which figure both populations and individuals. The population concept is associated with a low degree of integration, while the notion of individuality refers to a high degree. Such a continuum of individuality relies on a specific philosophical standpoint associated with Godfrey-Smith’s gradient parameters methodology (2009b). Our research will explore the pragmatist foundations of this methodology in order to argue for its use in philosophy of biology.

Keyphrases: population, individu, continuum, individuality, individual, unit of selection, unit of evolution, Darwinian evolution, pragmatism, philosophy of biology
Cicéron et le cosmopolitisme

The goal of this thesis is to study the significance of the ideology of cosmopolitanism in Cicero’s philosophical works. In the introduction, we present a history of the rehabilitation of Cicero the philosopher and a chronology of cosmopolitan thought. In the second part we analyse three texts of Cicero: De Finibus, De Officiis and De Re Publica, in search of passages pertaining to cosmopolitanism. From this analysis, we must conclude that Cicero always compromises between cosmopolitanism and his sense of belonging to a local community, even if he is a fervent Roman patriot. Similar to this compromise is the ambiguous answer of Cicero to the problem of which is the best way of life: the political or philosophical life. This similarity informs us that the tension between cosmopolitanism and patriotism is just a special case of a more general ambiguity present in Cicero’s work, toward philosophy itself.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Cicero, cosmopolitanism, Roman philosophy, ways of life, Ancient political philosophy, On Duties, On the Commonwealth, On the Republic, On the Ends of Good and Evil
Le problème de la Fortune chez Machiavel : histoire, politique et liberté

The determined objective in this essay is to demonstrate how, through the reverse of the Fortune, in other words the contingency, it is possible to think the political freedom of Nicolas Machiavel. To accomplish that, we use the concept of history as a starting point. We hold that to be able to insure the freedom of the people and of Florence, Machiavelli elaborates a political theory who’s cornerstone is the notion of history: history is constitutive of politics and it is the condition sine qua non to face the Fortune. To do that, we first present how history was conceived during Antiquity. We then expose the same question, but this time with regards to the humanist tradition. It is therefore possible to ascertain that humanists reused the greco-roman intuitions, but they also crystallized the problem of history around virtue, the common good, and also the vita activa. We then attempt to situate Machiavelli based on his conceptions about history taken from the Antiquity and the Renaissance. Through his depiction of the human nature, the theory of humours, the polis and his conception about virtue, we argue that on many levels, he is in opposition with his immediate predecessors, the humanists. We then navigate through what he proposes: a redefinition of the concept of the prudence and virtue. Finally, these rebuttals allow us to bring out the basis on which holds his solution for the problem of Fortune: first on an oriented reading of politics based on the effective truth, and then on the establishment of institutions capable of adaptation and that correspond to the customs of the people.

Keyphrases: Fortune, corruption, institution, Republic, republicanism, history, historiography, Fortune, freedom, humanism, corruption, institution, virtue
Albert Camus et l'art de philosopher

The purpose of this master’s thesis is to propose a reflection on the all-too-often ignored issue of philosophy’s “nature”. Defending a historicist and non-essentialist position since philosophy cannot be understood, defined and explained without studying its historical forms, I decided to examine the presence of philosophy in the life and in the work of Albert Camus, who is essentially known as a man of letters. The thinking of Camus, which is positioned against the abstract and theoretical philosophy of his contemporaries, will be studied in light of the works of Pierre Hadot on ancient philosophy. The comparison with the classical Greeks will be precious in many ways. It will prove that Camus extends the ancient ideal of philosophy as a way of life, which guiding theses will be presented in the prolegomena. I therefore wish to bring forward the possibility of a “modern” conception of philosophy that is anchored in practicality. This research will be divided into three parts : the first will aim to clarify the meaning of the concepts and various parts of the Myth of Sisyphus; the second will seek to liken his philosophy of the absurd to the guiding theses of philosophy as a way of life, offering an innovative interpretation of his Sisyphus; the third will briefly present its philosophy of revolt from an analysis of The Rebel in order to demonstrate that its moral can also be likened to philosophy as a way of life.

Keyphrases: Albert Camus, Pierre Hadot, Sagesse, Bonheur, Philosophy as a way of life, Ancient philosophy, Absurd, Wisdom, Happiness, Revolt
Perspectives féministes sur les préférences adaptatives

This MA thesis consists in an analysis of contemporary debates in feminist political philosophy on the concept of adaptive preferences. In this philosophical literature, an adaptive preference could be defined as a preference at odds with basic flourishing, or formed non- autonomously, and generated under unjust conditions. In other words, we will focus on preferences that are adapted to a limited horizon of choices owing to an oppressive context. This concept is characterized in feminist theory by an attempt to reconcile a respect for women’s agency with the knowledge that our choices are socially constructed. This present study will argue that the concept of adaptive preference is still required and relevant for feminist perspectives. To that end, we will principally discuss two conceptualizations of this concept, those brought forward by the philosophers Martha Nussbaum and Serene Khader, deployed in development ethics. The last stage of our analysis will constitute an enquiry about whether or not a conception of the good is required to make sense of adaptive preference theory.

Keyphrases: Oppression, Justice, Political philosophy, Feminism, Adaptive Preferences, Agency, Capabilities
L'expression musicale chez Nietzsche

The object of this thesis is the notion of musical expression as it appears in the works of Friedrich Nietzsche. As an amateur player and composer, Nietzsche was throughout his life fascinated by the power of music, and thus wrote extensively on the subject. However, his views on music itself did not remain identical during this time. His published work is framed by opposed judgments on the person and the music of Richard Wagner, in The Birth of Tragedy and The Case of Wagner; and more than just a simple change of taste, it is his comprehension of music’s working itself that changes between the two books. The notion of expression was then as it still is today a topic of debate in musical aesthetics, and it is largely by taking position in such a debate, that between Wagner and Eduard Hanslick, that Nietzsche came to formulate his own philosophical positions on the subject. Initially a “romantic”, and as such defending the lofty and “metaphysical” expressive power of music with his first masters, Arthur Schopenhauer and Wagner, Nietzsche then sided with Hanslick to maintain that music does not possess any peculiar expressive properties apart from those that we can ourselves project on objects in general. He ultimately reconsiders the question in his later writings, and allows for music to express the physiological tendencies of its creator, and as such considers it a symptom of his specific organizational state. We here submit an interpretation of representative texts for each of those positions, which aims to clarify their significations and their implications.

Keyphrases: Art, Nietzsche, Expression, Philosophy, Art, Aesthetics, Romanticism, Music
La forme du dialogue chez Platon : une étude « poétique » du Phédon

This master’s thesis, which adopts the dialogical approach to Plato studies, aims to clarify the concept of Plato’s dialogue form by means of a “poetic” analysis of the Phaedo. Firstly, after having studied the meanings of the notion of dialogue form in a range of studies that fall within the dialogical approach framework, we propose a provisional definition of the dialogue form: it is a poetic, literary or dramatic form, designed as a whole composed of parts, governed by the “logographic necessity”, and characterized by a “pedimental” structure (a structure in which the most important things are put in the centre, by analogy with the figures that are arranged in the triangular pediment of a Greek temple). Secondly, having supposed that this notion could be further clarified by applying Aristotle’s analysis of tragedy in the Poetics to Plato’s dialogues, we attempt to justify this application. Finally, the analysis of the Phaedo from Aristotle’s “poetic” perspective reveals this dialogue’s “pedimental” dynamic form, which is organized in three movements and seems to translate – or “visualize” – the movement of Socrates’ thought (i.e. of his quintessentially rational soul) while constructing the method of hypotheses, and, more generally, a theory of science. The three movements comprise: 1) the upward (pre-scientific) movement of the first part, 2) the “theoretical” mouvement (turning and revolution) of the central part, and 3) the downward (deductive or scientific) movement of the third part.

Keyphrases: histoire, reconnaissance, Plato, dialogical approach, Phaedo, dialogue form, pedimental form, dynamic form, Aristotle, Poetics, plot, reversal, recognition, suffering, episodes, general scheme
Un modèle rawlsien de gestion de la diversité : le cas du port du foulard

This thesis analyzes the problem of managing religious diversity in Quebec through the debates surrounding the Islamic veil. The thesis' first objective is to characterize Quebec's socio-historical context, mainly by underlining the tension between Canadian multiculturalism and French-style secularism. Afterwards, this work will rely on the late writings of John Rawls in the development of a liberal republican model in regards to managing diversity. The last chapter will involve the application of this model to the problem of the Islamic veil in Quebec, in order to present an hybrid solution that is as liberal as it is republican.

Keyphrases: Rawls, political liberalism, Islamic veil, interculturalisme, interculturalism, multiculturalism
La réception de Heidegger par Henry Corbin

Among several sources of Henry Corbin's thought, this master thesis concentrates upon his reception of Heidegger and contains three parts: 1/ Corbin’s spiritual appropriation of heideggerian analysis of hermeneutical phenomenology, elaborated in the introduction and the first part of Being and Time ; 2/ his spiritual appropriation of Heidegger’s analysis of the temporality and historicality of Dasein which is dealt with in the second part of Being and Time ; 3/ finally, we will focus on the question of Imagination which leads Corbin to take a different route than Heidegger’s and that brings him to a level where a spiritual world opens up. The reception of Heidegger by Corbin thus concerns more the way Heidegger elaborates his analyse of hermeneutical phenomenology, temporality, and historicality than on the totality of the heideggerian project. The question therefore remains if Corbin’s appropriation of the heideggerian analysis is compatible with his reading of irano-islamic thought.

Keyphrases: Heidegger, Henry Corbin, Imagination, Phenomenology, Hermeneutic, Historicality
Le rôle de l'État vis-à-vis de la prostitution : respect de l'autonomie et lutte contre les inégalités sociales et économiques touchant les femmes

I will discuss the issues raised by prostitution in a philosophical way. It seems necessary to analyze autonomy, a concept used in the public debate about prostitution. I will try to sketch a middle view on the question inspired by the work of Liberals and Feminists. Some of these authors view prostitution like any other job or as a legitimate way to live one’s sexuality. They show that the State must consider individual choices and they criticize a moralistic common perspective on prostitution. Nonetheless, they choose to ignore a global perspective about a systematic representation of the female sexuality as a service. Women are socialized in a way that they can only offer their sexuality, not live it. Moreover, it is the political and social participation of women that is made precarious out of this. Stigmatization and violence that commonly shapes the experience of sex workers not only destroys lives, but is also threatening the expression of their citizenship. Exploring a redefinition on autonomy in a feminist and relational way will offer the tools to think another way. Consequently, we will be able to address two considerations that both abolitionist and sex work advocates share. First, that nobody wants a woman to be placed in front of prostitution thinking that it is her only choice. Second, that every woman who wants to do sex work should be the only one who shapes her practice.

Keyphrases: Prostitution, Autonomy, Liberalism, Feminism