NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Consommation d’alcool du jeune et de ses amis et style d’attachement à l’adolescence : étude des mécanismes de sélection et de socialisation

Alcohol use (AU) in adolescence is often linked with immediate or long-term negative consequences. Among the best-known predictors of adolescent AU is friend use.  Two mechanisms can explain this association: socialization and peer selection. Studies comparing both mechanisms have had inconsistent results, perhaps because of methodological variations or limitations. Thus, further studies are needed and examination of possible moderator is advised. Adolescent attachment is an interesting potential moderator as it is closely linked with interpersonal relationships.  Study aims. Thus, using cross-lagged models to account for bidirectional associations and independent assessments of adolescent and friend alcohol use, this study aims to examine in a cohort of 14-year-old children followed over two years (1) the relations between participant and friend self-reported alcohol use and binge drinking frequency and (2) the moderating role of attachment style in these relations.  Method. Participants come from a Quebec longitudinal study where 182 adolescents and up to five of their friends reported annually on their AU and binge drinking (BD) frequency between 14 and 16 years. Participants completed the “Avoidance of social relations” and “Preoccupation with being loved” scales of the Attachment Style Questionnaire at 15.  Results and conclusion. Results show that the cross-lagged path coefficients between participant AU at 14 or 15 and friend use a year later were stronger than the ones between friend use at 14 or 15 and participant use a year later for both the AU and BD models. As such, the selection mechanism prevails over the socialization one between 14 and 16. Two significant moderation using the avoidance scale in the AU models were found, showing that selection (14-15 years old) and socialization (15-16 years old) weights were weaker for avoidant adolescents, suggesting that adolescents with low avoidance are more susceptible to peer influence related to alcohol use.

Keyphrases: adolescence, consommation excessive, peer influence, alcohol use, binge drinking, socialization, peer selection, attachment, avoidance
Effet des corrélations locales sur le couplage électron-phonon dans le LSCO en DFT+DMFT

Presented here is a study of the effect of strong electronic correlations on the strength of the electron-phonon coupling using numerical calculation. First, important theoretical aspects necessary for the calculations are presented, DFPT and DFT+DMFT. DFPT is used to obtain information on the phonon modes that will be used to calculate the electronphonon matrix elements using the Frozen Phonon method. From DMFT calculations, a self energy is obtained for the electrons near the Fermi level that allows for a correction of the energy of the electronic levels that are of paramount importance in the calculation of the effects of electron-phonon coupling. Then, this method is applied to calculate electron-phonon coupling matrix elements for La2−xSrxCuO4. ARPES measurements show a kink in the electron dispersion of La2−xSrxCuO4 around 75 meV. The cause of this kink is still under debate. The phonon spectrum is consistent with a kink at that energy but previous studies have demonstrated that the response of the electron-phonon coupling calculated with the framework of density functional theory (DFT) with a GGA functional is too weak to account for the observed kink. However, other works have shown that the electron-phonon coupling is underestimated by LDA/GGA functionals. For this reason, we investigate the effect of the strong local correlation caused by Cu "d" electrons to the calculation of electron-phonon matrix elements.

Keyphrases: La2−xSrxCuO4, supraconductivité, DFT, DFPT, DMFT, couplage electron-phonon, cuprates, Superconductivity, electron-phonon coupling, Frozen phonon, Correlated materials, Cuprates
Désintégration de vortex métastables couplés à la gravité

Metastable vortices formed in a modified abelian Higgs model with gravity are studied  both analytically and numerically. Concepts of false vacuum decay and topological  solitons are reviewed. The model studied is compared to other models in which vortices  are also formed. Classical solutions corresponding to a vortex are found numerically. Their  sensitivity to gravitational coupling is highlighted. Zones of stability in parameter space  are shown. A so-called “thin-wall” limit of the vortex is obtained for high magnetic flux  whithin the vortex’s core. In that case, vortex disintegration, possible because of the true  vacuum present inside the vortex, can be studied analytically. In this limit, the exponent  associated to vortex tunneling decay rate is half the one associated with ordinary  false vacuum decay. This results holds regardless of the gravitational coupling strength.  Then, even a small density of vortices accelerates importantly the phase transition from  false to true vacuum and determine the false vacuum lifetime. Comments on weak gravity  limit of the action in field theory are made to complete this study.

Keyphrases: Vortex, Gravitation, Topological solitons, False vacuum decay
Effet de l'intrication brouillée sur la téléportation quantique

Quantum teleportation will be a centerpiece of practical quantum cryptography and quantum computing in a soon to be future. As no physical implementation is perfect, we study quantum teleportation in the context of impaired quantum resources which we call noisy entanglement. In a first part, we introduce how quantum mechanics is formalized by quantum information theory. In the second part, we study standard quantum teleportation, in both the absence and presence of quantum repeaters, as well as port-based teleportation. Our analysis of standard quantum teleportation and port-based teleportation follows three main directions. The first goal is to compare the use of a noisy channel for teleportation to the one of the same channel for direct transmission. We thus find the conditions under which the two cases are equivalent. Our second objective is to observe the non-local properties of noisy entanglement by finding when and how Alice can blame Bob for her noise. Thirdly, we quantify, in the worst-case scenario, the quality of a teleportation channel by reducing the effect of any noisy entanglement to the one of a one-parameter Pauli channel that can be interpreted as a depolarizing channel in most instances. We achieve this task by erasing unneeded classical information at the appropriate time and by twirling either the entanglement or the teleported state. Finally, we analyze the composition of Pauli noises and the impact of the erasure channel parameter on the protocol of teleportation with quantum repeaters. We thus aim to understand how the effects of noisy entanglement cumulate in a teleportation network. The next logical step is to create robust teleportation schemes that take into account the effects of noisy entanglement.

Keyphrases: Communications quantiques, Quantum information, Quantum communications, Noisy channels, Port-based teleportation, Quantum repeaters
Foucault, le souci des marges

Michel Foucault’s work is generally divided into three periods: the archaeological period dealing with epistemology, the genealogical one devoted to the analysis of power relations, and the aesthetic period centered on the « cultures of the self » as understood by the Greeks and Romans. Each of these periods is defined by a particular methodology and a constellation of themes that we’ll partly recapitulate in this paper. This overview serves as a preparatory work in order to underline a preoccupation which seems to be constant all throughout his philosophical journey. It’s concerning the « margins »; a question raised at times with regards to the topic of madness and literature, or in relation to the concept of « resistance » and « battle », and finally, through the study of the atypical manners in which one’s self can/should be governed. Thus, our inquiry is essentially articulated around the following questions: « can we attribute a well defined function to the margins in the theoretical framework(s) of Foucault? »; « what are the figures of marginality and how do they interact with the main Foucauldian themes? »; « what are the difficulties proper to the lexicon of marginality which includes notions such as the outside, desubjectivation and heterotopy? ».

Keyphrases: Foucault, Panopticon, Subjectivation, Outside, Archeology, Genealogy, Madness, Marginality, Biopower, Resistance
Le défi de l'altérité à l'époque de la technique moderne chez Alain Finkielkraut

To address the challenge of otherness in the age of modern technology in Alain Finkielkraut’s philosophy, three chapters are necessary. The first one presents the conception of otherness in Finkielkraut’s philosophy, which defines otherness by its unavailability. In the Wisdom of Love (1984), he wants to rehabilitate love to think the original relation to the other. For him, this concept would have been dismissed in Modern Times because it was identified with the « imperial » need to act on the Other and to possess him. Finkielkraut conceives love otherwise. Love is a presence that can not be enclosed. Where there is love, otherness takes the entire place. In the love relationship, the Other sets up in ourselves and is a foreigner, which means it is unavailable. To say it in a tautology, the Other is other. Finkielkraut thinks the original relation to the other with love that is defined fundamentally by its unavailability.  In the second chapter, our interest will be on the dialectic between culture and technology in Nous autres, modernes (2005). It used to be the casethat the particular manifestations of being that the humanities studied was the opportunity to touch the universal while technology tended to standardize the world by its gaze. The important conclusion of this chapter is that the imprint of technology is now established everywhere, including in the social sciences, who understand themselves as the sciences that treat the same subjects as the humanities but with the same rigor as the natural sciences.  In the last chapter, we will see that in Modern Times the urge of calculation and technology have affected the conception of the otherness. To understand this change, Finkielkraut in « Peut-on ne pas être heideggérien? » (2015) draws on large sections of the analysis of the question regarding technology by Martin Heidegger. Finkielkraut thinks that we are living at a time when the human being sees everything, including himself, as available funds (Bestand). In the eyes of Finkielkraut, everything is now interchangeable (places, sex and gender, cultures, populations, etc.) because everything is avaible at the time of modern technology. Finkielkraut writes that « no otherness will resist the arraignment (Gestell)». In this study, we will strive to sort out the consequences that follow from this availability of the other, especially the victory on the difference and a homogeneous world.

Keyphrases: Alain Finkielkraut, Culture, Philosophy, Otherness, Technology, Interchangeability
Philosophie du point de vue au cinéma : Gilles Deleuze et le renversement des notions d'objectivité et de subjectivité

This thesis addresses the question of the point of view in the philosophy of the cinema of Gilles Deleuze. In Cinema 1: The Movement-Image, taking Bergson’s definitions of objectivity and subjectivity, Deleuze performs a kind of “reversal” of what is commonly understood in cinema in these terms. This study aims to understand this reversal. We first see that Deleuze rejects the narrative conceptions of the point of view since they do not give the image ontological primacy. We show how Deleuze turns Bergson against himself by attributing cinematographic perception a degree of objectivity superior to natural perception, and then see how Deleuze could conceive the spectator’s experience. In discussing the notions of objectivity and subjectivity of the 5th chapter of The Movement-Image, we describe the process through which Deleuze arrives at Bergson’s definitions, and then how the explicit reversal takes place. We discover at this stage that, following the influence of Vertov, it is through a “non-human eye” that the reversal occurs. This leads us to the transition from the movement-image to the time-image, where we find that the notion of point of view has undergone a kind of “reflection”. In a composite assembly with aberrant movements, the point of view proves to be an important element of the transition between the two regimes of images. We then reach the absolute of Bergson, the “durée” of the time-image, which comes to signify the very surpassing of the notion of point of view. We observe more generally that our conclusions share an underlying process of desubjectivization, which appears across much of the Deleuzian philosophy. Finally, we come to the conclusion that, for Deleuze, the point of view is a crucial element of its own overcoming.

Keyphrases: Bergson, Deleuze, Perception, Cinema, Objectivity, Philosophy, Point of view, Subjectivity
Système de la nature et connaissance historique à l’âge classique : autour de l’Encyclopédie de Diderot et D’Alembert

The purpose of this research is to explore three « experiences of thought » described in Diderot’s oeuvres, in particular in the Promenade du sceptique, the Encyclopédie and the Rêve de D’Alembert, each of which reveal in themselves the image of thought’s activity. It proposes to elucidate a kind of historical knowledge (of history in general) by examining the experience of meaning that constitutes these works of “fiction”, in which one uncovers the ontological status for objects supplied by experience, as well as the role that history plays in these experiences. The first chapter presents nature as both a fixed and disordered, something which the observer interprets and even outlines via an analogical narrative. Diderot also criticizes Descartes’ cogito, which is orientated in particular towards to the present, or the moment of enunciation. History, as a literary genre, is practiced subversively and aimed at criticizing intellectual erudition. The second chapter deals with the complexity of the structure of the Encyclopédie as well as its internal operation, which presents a historicist conception of experience in and through the accumulation of facts and successive redefinitions of the limits of knowledge. His work as a whole has an ambiguous relationship with history and entails several historical practices. The third chapter explicates a form of historical knowledge internal to the experience of the self in the memory that constitutes it, and points to a “metaphysics” of poetry. This poetry opens up the possibility of thinking the necessary relations that make up the world.

Keyphrases: Encyclopédie, Diderot, Descartes, Fiction, Deleuze, History, History, Temporality, Complexity, Narrative, Analogy, Nature
S'opposer à l'incorporation des professionnels au Québec : une question de justice sociale

While many budget cuts have dented public coffers, illustrating the "budgetary rigor" of recent years in Quebec, some fiscal practices allow very well-off citizens to legally reduce their tax burdens. Among them is a relatively recent and increasingly used tax strategy: the incorporation of professionals. This thesis aims to question this tax practice from a moral point of view. First, we empirically highlight socio-economic inequalities resulting from differential treatment granted to professionals. We assume that the tax advantages associated with the legal status of incorporation are practically inaccessible to many entrepreneurs who take real financial risks and whose remuneration is far less than most professionals who can incorporate. Such inequalities carry substantial equity problems, which will be discussed in the second section of this thesis. Indeed, with the lower effective tax rate of professionals well situated on the socio-economic scale, incorporation contravenes the principle of capacity to pay and its possible interpretation of equal sacrifice. Finally, in the third part of our project focusing on a broader perspective of distributive justice, we question the government's position based on the Rawlsian difference principle and its argument of economic incentives. On one hand, we emphasize that justifying incorporation by appeal to economic incentives leaves place to large inequalities and reveal a society in breach of elementary community condition. On the other, we argue that this viewpoint infringes an egalitarian ethos that should be promoted by the citizens and the government in accordance with the principle of difference and that, according to this view, allowing incorporation amounts to endorse a strong injustice.

Keyphrases: Justice sociale, Justice fiscale, Social justice, Fiscal justice, Professional's incorporation, Social and economic ethics, Equity, Fiscality, Taxes
Méthode SPH implicite d’ordre 2 appliquée à des fluides incompressibles munis d’une frontière libre

The objective of this thesis is to introduce a new implicit purely lagrangian smoothed particle  hydrodynamics (SPH) method, for the resolution of the two-dimensional incompressible  Navier-Stokes equations in the presence of a free surface. Our discretization scheme is based  on that of Kéou Noutcheuwa et Owens [19]. We have treated the free surface by combining  Yildiz et al. [43] multiple boundary tangent (MBT) method and boundary conditions on the  auxiliary fields of Yang et Prosperetti [42]. In this way, we obtain a discretization scheme of  order $\mathcal{O}(\Delta t ^2)$ and $\mathcal{O}(\Delta x ^2)$, according to certain constraints on the smoothing length $h$. First,  we tested our scheme with a two-dimensional Poiseuille flow by means of which we analyze  the discretization error of the SPH method. Then, we tried to simulate a two-dimensional  Newtonian extrusion problem. Unfortunately, although the behavior of the free surface is  satisfactory, we have encountered numerical problems on the singularity at the output of the  die.

Keyphrases: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), Multiple boundary tangent (MBT), Incompressible flow, Projection method, Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition theorem, Lagrangian method, Free surface, Newtonian extrusion problem
Propriétés syntaxiques des Qu- ajouts en chinois mandarin

This study will examine the syntactic properties of Wh adjuncts in Chinese mandarin; a subject that has, until recently, captured little attention from researchers. Contrary to Wh arguments, Wh adjuncts do not always remain in situ, but sometimes have overt movement. The study will begin by examining previous work concerning the asymmetry between Wh arguments and Wh adjuncts. By distributionally analyzing linguistic data in light of recent works concerning concepts of generative grammar and the minimalist program, we will further propose that Wh adjuncts are generated between TP and vP, and that they can move towards the left periphery. Inspired by the cartographic approach, we will determine the relative distribution of Wh adjuncts in Mandarin. Our analysis will be based on the hypothesis that there is a basic order for adverbial Wh-phrases. Finally, due to the lack of inherent interpretation of the interrogative or quantificational force of Wh-phrases in Chinese Mandarin, other possibilities of their interpretation as quantifiers will be considered.

Keyphrases: Wh arguments, Wh adjuncts, Word order, Chinese Mandarin
Description des stratégies d’enseignement dans la formation des traducteurs : le point de vue des étudiants

The objective of this study is to provide an overview, based on the data collected from the students, of the teaching strategies used by translation teachers. Teaching strategies include all methods and resources that are organized and planned in order to achieve specific learning objectives. Therefore, we are talking about simple gestures such as the layout of tables and chairs, the time devoted to the presentation of the content subject, the management of time during discussions, group or individual activities, the use of computer equipment. Finally, all the actions planned by the teacher in order to facilitate the construction of new knowledge in the student. During a training session, the teaching design is highlighted through teaching strategies promoted by the teacher. This conception, according to Loiola and Tardif, is in many cases the result of personal theories based on general knowledge rather than pedagogical knowledge. This general knowledge results from peer feedback as well as from teachers’ experience as students and professionals. In addition, the teacher can conceive teaching either as a transmission process of knowledge or as a way of guiding the student to learn (Loiola and Tardif, 2001: 309), which will become a determining factor in its way of acting as a trainer. There are few  empirical studies on teaching strategies in translation,  but those that do exist are based exclusively on data collected from teachers. However, as stated by Smart and Etherington (1995), there may be differences between what teachers say about their pedagogical orientations and how students perceive what happens in the classroom. For this reason, we gave voice to the students by carrying out semi-directed interviews. The information obtained from the interviews offers a wealth of useful information for our study.

Keyphrases: Translation, Teaching strategies, Translator training, Teaching methods
Matrix-based Parameterizations of Skeletal Animated Appearance

While realistic rendering gains more popularity in industry, photorealistic and physically- based techniques often necessitate offline processing due to their computational complexity. Real-time applications, such as video games and virtual reality, rely mostly on approximation and precomputation techniques to achieve realistic results. The objective of this thesis is to investigate different animated parameterizations in order to devise a technique that can approximate realistic rendering results in real time. Our investigation focuses on rendering visual effects applied to skinned skeletonbased characters. Combined parameterizations of motion and appearance data are used to extract parameters that can be used in a real-time approximation. Trying to establish a linear dependency between motion and appearance is the basis of our method. We focus on ambient occlusion, a simulation of shadowing caused by objects that block ambient light. Ambient occlusion is a view-independent technique important for realism. We consider different parameterization techniques that treat the mesh space depending on skeletal animation information and/or mesh geometry. We are able to approximate ground-truth ambient occlusion with low error. Our technique can also be extended to different visual effects, such as rendering human skin (subsurface scattering), changes in color due to the view orientation, deformation of muscles, fur, or clothes

Keyphrases: Computer Graphics, Skeletal Animation, Skinning, Deformations, Manifold Harmonics, Shading