NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
What is reflection? A conceptual analysis of major definitions and a proposal of a five-component definition and model

Although reflection is considered a significant component of medical education and practice, the literature does not provide a consensual definition or model for it. Because reflection has taken on multiple meanings, it remains difficult to operationalize. A standard definition and model are needed to improve the development of practical applications of reflection. In this master’s thesis, we identify, explore and thematically analyze the most influential conceptualizations of reflection, and develop a new theory-informed and unified definition and model of reflection. Reflection is defined as the process of engaging the self (S) in attentive, critical, exploratory and iterative (ACEI) interactions with one’s thoughts and actions (TA), and their underlying conceptual frame (CF), with a view to changing them and a view on the change itself (VC). Our conceptual model consists of the five defining core components, supplemented with the extrinsic elements that influence reflection.

Keyphrases: Schon, Reflection, Reflective practice, Professional practice, Systematic review, Medical education
Cyberjustice in Brazil : the use of technology to enhance access to justice and procedural celerity

In a globalized society, where relationships are built at a different speed with the use of information and communication technology, access to justice incorporates new concepts, but still faces old obstacles. The worldwide crisis in access to justice through the judicial system provokes debates regarding equality under the law, party capability, knowledge of rights, legal aid, costs, and delays. That being said, the latter two have long been the most important factors of dissatisfaction of individuals with the Judiciary. This study aims to analyse the impact of the use of technology, by the legal system, with focus on the Brazilian reality, sharing the legislative path and previous experiences in the development of cyberjustice software. The implementation of such innovative instruments demands investments and planning, with special attention to the impact they can have on cultural and traditional court routines. New challenges are in the way of this transformation process and have to be dealt with professionally to avoid the failure of good projects. In addition, if technology can be part of different aspects of our daily routines and the use of online alternative methods of dispute resolution are considered a success, why would it be difficult to make this shift in the delivery of justice through the Judiciary? Technological solutions adopted in other countries are not easily transferred to a different cultural environment, but there is always the possibility of learning from others’ experiences to avoid wrong paths that could compromise the global definition of access to justice.

Keyphrases: Access to justice, Courts, Globalization, Costs, Delay, Information technology, Cyberjustice, Brazil, Unification, Interoperability
La densité et la marche : perceptions et pratiques de parents de jeunes enfants dans deux quartiers montréalais

City densification is a central concern of public planning in order to build healthy living environments. Yet, density is polysemous and a relative concept: we note a difference between a city’s recommended density and density as experienced by citizens. Meanwhile, an urban exodus of families with young children to low density suburban neighbourhoods is ongoing.  Finally, studies emphasize a positive link between density, mixity and walking behaviour. The aim of this research is to explore the perceptions of parents with young children in relation to their built environment - and its density in particular - in order to identify factors that positively influence their walking behaviours. We address this case by studying two Montreal neighbourhoods that present different densities.  After analysing the urban forms of each neighbourhood, we organised 16 semi-directed interviews and a focus group with parents of young children about their experiences. We analysed the relationship between participants’ individual variables, their perceptions of density and their walking behaviours.  Our results highlight the parents’ desire for a balance between the advantages and the disadvantages of density, of which main variables are urban form, community services and street life. The presence of vegetation is considered as a must-to-have for all parents. Key features of an intensive city, those parameters support the existing literature by emphasizing their great significance in the creation of denser living environments for young families and their positive influence over walking behaviour.

Keyphrases: Perception, Density, Perception, Walk, Urban forms, Families with young children
Les caractéristiques, le contexte et les processus d’implantation et de pérennisation d’une activité de développement professionnel par une équipe d’infirmières

The maintaining of knowledge by nurses and their commitment to a continuous improvement process is a guarantee of quality care for the population (Nesbitt, 2012; OIIQ, 2011b; Raelin, 2008; Wilson et al., 2015). Since 2012, Quebec nurses must register for a yearly minimum of 20 hours of continuing education (OIIQ, 2011a). Care centres, such as hospitals, offer specific updates. Garcia, Meek, and Wilson (2011) highlighted that the implementation of perennial professional development activities remains a challenge. The goal of this study was to document the characteristics, context and process of implementation and sustainability of a professional developmental activity by a team of nurses. It involved a journal club in a university teaching hospital located in a major Quebec metropolitan area. The case study method was chosen and was based on Pettigrew and Whipp (1991) Content, Context, and Process Model of Strategic Change adapted by Stetler, Ritchie, Rycroft-Malone, Schultz, and Charns (2007). Individual interviews (n=7), focus groups (n=2), and observation periods (n=2), were realised in order to describe the elements that made the implementation and the sustainability of this activity possible. The resulting characteristic is that an activity in which nurses are involved and active is a winning strategy. A team of leaders who encourage clinical practice and evidence-based practice is a context that supports sustainability. A trajectory with concrete outcomes on the nursing practice, the patients care and the professional identity of the participants is the principal element of the process which sustains the activity

Keyphrases: Sustainability, Implementation, Team of nurses, Journal club
CXCR3 biased signaling, heteromerization and decoy properties

The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) rapidly induced on naïve T cells upon activation. CXCR3 is activated by three interferon-γ inducible ligands (CXCL9, 10, 11) and, more recently, CXCL4 has been discovered as a functional ligand for CXCR3. It is known that CXCR3 acts as a chemotactic receptor, but limited attention has been directed to the biased signaling induced by all four ligands. Chemokine receptor homodimerization is now a widely accepted concept, but the extent to which heterodimerization is prevalent remain matter of active research. In this work, biased signalling and heterodimerization were assessed with bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) in HEK293E cells. We present pharmacological characterization of all four ligands of CXCR3 and heterodimerization of CXCR3 with CXCR4 or CXCR7. Our results suggest that CXCR3 ligands are not redundant and that CXCR3 heterodimerizes with CXCR4 and with CXCR7.

Keyphrases: BRET, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR7, CXCL4, GPCR, Biased signaling, Heteromerization
La rétroaction corrective écrite en francisation au Québec : les techniques, les types d’erreurs et la compétence des apprenants à l’écrit

Corrective feedback (CF) is defined as the teacher’s reaction to the learner’s production to indicate the presence of an error (Lightbown et Spada, 2006). Researchers increasingly recognize the importance of written corrective feedback (Ferris, 2006). The research on written CF is largely focused on the evaluation of various techniques of CF without previously understanding how teachers correct texts and without taking into consideration the extent to which their students are capable of using this CF to revise their written productions. This study sets out to describe which corrective feedback techniques adult French as a second language teachers use and how students incorporate this corrective feedback in their revision process. Moreover, it aims to verify if teachers and students’ practices vary according to error type (lexical, syntactic and morphological), CF technique (direct, indirect, or combined feedback) and student proficiency level (weak or strong). Three adult French as a second language classes took part in this study: 3 teachers and their respective 24 students (12 deemed strong and 12 weak). Student wrote a text which was then corrected by the teachers according to their regular CF approach. Afterwards, students rewrote their text incorporating their teacher’s corrective feedback. Interviews were conducted with the 3 teachers and their 24 students. Results indicate the overall effectiveness of written corrective feedback in second language learning. This efficacy varies depending on the CF technique used, error type and learner proficiency level. This study demonstrates that these three variables indeed play an important role and that teachers should vary their corrective feedback when reacting to their students’ written productions.

Keyphrases: correction, corrective feedback, error, grammar, proficiency level, revision, second language, writing
La victoire du lobby gallinacé, ou les enjeux de la révolution numérique dans l'oeuvre photofictionnelle de Joan Fontcuberta

With the emergence of digital culture, photography is changing from film obsolescence to the suppression of photography staffs in several newspapers. How do the artists, photographers and writers react to this economical crisis of photography? Are we really entering a post-photographic era? This article suggests to measure the impact of the digital revolution through the prism of Joan Fontcuberta’s photofictions. Rejecting both apocalyptic and teleological interpretations of this technological transition, Joan Fontcuberta ratify the end of the indexical function of photography.

Keyphrases: Photofiction, Fontcuberta, Joan, Parodie
L’effet du port nocturne des prothèses complètes sur le sommeil et la qualité de vie liée à la santé buccodentaire : une étude pilote expérimentale

Problem: Edentulism and sleep disturbance are common chronic conditions in older people and may have adverse consequences on well-being of these persons, as well as their quality of life. Indeed, edentulism can modify the craniofacial structure and surrounding soft tissue, and lead to sleep disturbance in edentate individuals. However, this relationship is not sufficiently documented. Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare a pilot randomized controlled trial on the effect of nocturnal complete denture wear on sleep quality. Methods: Thirteen edentate elders participated in this randomized cross-over clinical trial. The intervention consisted of sleeping with or without dentures at night. The study participants were assigned to wear and not wear their denture in alternate orders for periods of 30 days. Sleep quality was assessed by portable polysomnography and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Additional data included: daytime sleepiness assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and oral-health-related quality of life assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile 20 (OHIP-20). Furthermore, through the clinical and radiographic examinations, data on sociodemographic, oropharyngeal morphology, and oral and prosthesis characteristics were gathered. Linear regression models for repeated measures were used to analyze the data. Results: The recruitment rate for this study was 59.1% and the follow-up rate was 100%. Sleeping with dentures resulted in higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and higher PSQI score when compared with sleeping without dentures (AHI: Median = 20.9 (1.3-84.7) vs. 11.2 (1.9-69.6), p = 0.237; PSQI score: Median = 6.0 (3.0-11.0) vs. 5.0 (1.0-11.0), p = 0.248). However, these differences were not statistically significant, except for the mean apnea time (more with dentures) (p < 0.005) and the relative snoring time (less with dentures) (p < 0.05). Excessive daytime sleepiness and the oral-health-related quality of life were similar for two interventions (ESS score: Median = 4.0 (3.0-10.0) vs. 5.0 (2.0-10.0), p = 0.746; OHIP-20 score: Median = 31.0 (20.0-64.0) vs. 27.0 (20.0-49.0), p = 0.670). The negative impact of sleeping with complete dentures wear was statistically significant in individuals suffering from moderate and severe apnea-hypopnea index (p < 0.005). Conclusion: The pilot clinical trial showed that wearing complete dentures at night has negative effects on the sleep quality of edentate elders, especially in individuals with moderate and severe obstructive apnea sleep. The results need to be confirmed with phase-II randomized clinical trial.

Keyphrases: Edentulism, Complete denture, Sleep disorders, Obstructive sleep apnea, Daytime sleepiness, Sleep quality, Oral health related quality of life, Polysomnography
L’esthétique loufoque chez Éric Chevillard (incongru, topoï, série)

The narratives of Éric Chevillard belong unquestionably to the category of the "fictions joueuses" described by Bruno Blanckeman (2002, p. 61) in the fact that they maintain an ambiguous relationship with the literature, often diverted by means of the parody, of the pastiche or of an zany aesthetics. This article proposes a small essay of typology of the loufoque at Éric Chevillard, through three works, « Du hérisson » (2002), « Le vaillant petit tailleur » (2003) and « Oreille rouge » (2005), in whom we identify this practice of the generic diversion. It also brings to light three major lines of the loufoque : the incongruous speech, the diversion of the topoï and serial writing.

Keyphrases: Éric Chevillard, Loufoque, Topos, Chevillard, Éric
Développement des connaissances et compétences alimentaires, culinaires et nutritionnelles chez les jeunes : le cas des Brigades Culinaires

Context. For the last few decades, we have noticed a decrease in the number of opportunities to observe and hand down food preparation skills to youth, encouraging a cooking and food preparation skills evolution. This evolution has an impact on teenagers’ food choices and probably, on the overall population’s health. In order to educate Quebec high school adolescents in the field of cooking and to help them develop food self-efficacy, a culinary program of 24 cooking classes, the Brigades Culinaires, was initiated by la Tablée des Chefs. Objectives. The primary aim is to evaluate if the program’s specific objectives of nutrition, culinary and food education were reached, and to measure the potential classes have to arouse adolescents’ career interests in cooking, nutrition or agriculture. Methodology. During the 2013-2014 project, data were collected using two questionnaires. The ‘’pre‘’ questionnaire was distributed at the beginning of the academic year to measure future participants’ knowledge and interest in food, nutrition and cooking. The ‘’post‘’questionnaire was handed out at the end of the cooking classes to measure achievement of the nutrition, culinary and food education specific objectives. Teenagers’ interests in career choices related to cooking, nutrition and agriculture were also measured twice. Data were analyzed with SPSS to generate descriptive statistics. The 2013-2014 project grouped 33 schools in Quebec. It received ethical approval by the Comité d’éthique de la recherche en santé de la faculté de médecine de l’Université de Montréal (CERES) and financial support from Québec en Forme. Results. Results obtained from the Brigades Culinaires participants’ evaluation measures (325 ‘’pre‘’ questionnaires and 197 ‘’post‘’ questionnaires) are promising. Notably, the majority of the participants showed learning in 68 % of the cooking knowledge development objectives and in 82 % of the food learning development objectives. Participants demonstrated an interest in careers related to cooking (67 %), nutrition (39 %) and agriculture (25 %) and their participation to the Brigades Culinaires classes seems to have contributed to their career orientations. Results suggest that the Brigades Culinaires classes have an impact on the participants’ surroundings. Conclusion. Participation to the Brigades Culinaires classes’ contributes to elevating participants’ involvement level in nutrition, cooking and food. Results obtained from this study provide information on the program forces and allow the elaboration of recommendations to raise Quebec adolescents’ involvement in healthy eating.

Keyphrases: adolescents, food behaviors, healthy eating, cooking classes, cooking skills, food skills, culinary nutrition, nutrition education, culinary program
Les effets d’un cercle pédagogique sur le regard professionnel et les pratiques pédagogiques des enseignants du 3e cycle du primaire en grammaire actuelle

This doctoral research aims at describing the effects of the video club device on the teaching practices of teachers of modern grammar in the third cycle of elementary school. It is part of a larger research project entitled "Study of the effects on teachers’ teaching practices and student writing skills of a training device for the teaching of modern grammar that incorporates videos of examplairy practices and allows the sharing of expertise". It aims to clarify the conditions that allow for efficient in-service training on different aspects of professional development with regard to the training itself and its effect on the transfer of effective practices in the classroom. To achieve this, we analyzed the discussions from video clubs over a whole school year period. We also analyzed the video clips of two grammar activities in grammar, shot before and after training in the classroom of 18 teachers involved in our experiment. Finally, we analyzed the participants’ answers to a questionnaire on their perception of the professionnal development device in witch they participated for nine months. Our analyses show that a training device to modern grammar that centers the training practice on the analysis of examples from video clips supports the development of professional vision of teachers in the context of the video club. They observe more interactions and interpret better, more thoroughly. Our observations also show that most teachers develop practices in their class, develop new knowledge related to the theory of modern grammar and change their vision of modern grammar as the workshops unfold. This research can enrich scientific knowledge on professional development and influence executives in the school system in offering more efficient in-service training to teachers.

Keyphrases: Professional development, Practice analysis, Videos of examplairy practices, Pedagogical practices, Modern grammar, Teaching
Étude exploratoire et comparative de la culture organisationnelle de deux commissions scolaires du Québec : une commission scolaire francophone et une commission scolaire anglophone : le point de vue de cadres intermédiaires

This research is resulting from a personal questioning taking into consideration singular impression felt at the time of certain professional interactions with fellow-members of distinct school commissions at the linguistic level. It thus aims at comparing the organisational cultures of two school commissions different by the language from teaching and work. These organisational cultures are outlined starting from remarks received from intermediate frameworks resulting from various administrative units of two linguistic school commissions. This statute of employment was selected because these frameworks are in the middle of informational flow between the strategic top and the operational centres. Moreover, although they intervene officially in the advisory and decisional processes of their school commission, their roles are studied little by the researchers in school administration.   This ethnography of two linguistic school commissions uses a multiperspective approach in order to light the various facets which can present an organisational culture. Three prospects are considered: the prospect for the integration which explores the cultural characteristics which support a coherence of the behaviors of the actors to the organisational objectives; the prospect for the differentiation which tries to distinguish the existence of subcultures in the organizations; the prospect for the fragmentation which questions the particular significances that can allot, with the actions and the decisions of the pars, unquestionable regrouping of individuals.   Two processes of investigation suitable for the ethnography were used in this research: the semi-directing interview and the document retrieval. The data collected were analyzed according to the process of the analysis set of themes. Thus the remarks emitted by the intermediate executives were transposed in a certain number of topics in keeping with the orientation of research. The results show that the intermediate executives are reflexive actors in the appropriation, the construction and the general dissemination of culture of their school commission, but also of an identity culture of their administrative unit. Moreover, since this research wants to be especially a comparative study of two linguistic school commissions, significant differences were identified, inter alia, on the identification of the cultural elements clean to each linguistic group. Whereas the French-speaking executives describe their culture like a structure of framing of the advisory processes, decisional and of accompaniment, the anglophone executives mention especially values associated with basic postulates resulting from their linguistic membership.

Keyphrases: analyse multiperspective, school board, organizational culture, comparative study, analyse comparative, multiperspective study