NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'impact de la commotion cérébrale d'origine sportive sur la capacité d'imagerie mentale visuelle d'athlètes

The research is mitigated on the cognitive after-effects of a concussion. Some studies suggest the effects disappear rapidly whereas others observe a continuation in their manifestation. However, no research has been done to indicate whether a cognitive task like mental imagery brings out these effects following a concussion. This study will evaluate the effects of sport-related concussions on object and spatial visual mental imagery of athletes. To achieve this goal, we compare the mental imagery capacity between two groups of male football athletes of University level. The first group (n=15) with no history of concussions and the second group (n=15) with one or more concussions. We hypothesize that the non-concussed athletes visualize better than the concussed athletes. Our results invalidate our hypothesis. Both groups have similar results on the three following measures: Paper Folding Test (PFT), Visual Object Identification Task (VOIT) and Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). Furthermore, the quantity of concussions and the time past since the last concussion seems to have no impact on the visual mental imagery performance of concussed athletes.

Keyphrases: Paper Folding Test, Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire, Visual Object Identification Task
Altérations de la repolarisation ventriculaire induites par l’exercice dans la sténose congénitale modérée de la valve aortique

Introduction: Pressure overload increases in patients with moderate aortic valvular stenosis (AVS) during acute exercise. In the absence of symptoms, it remains difficult however, to discriminate patients for surgery based only on pressure overload. Other parameters, such as the dispersion of ventricular repolarisation (d-QT), which reportedly increases with the transvalvular pressure gradient, have not been fully studied in AVS. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of QT and d-QT response to exercise testing in children with moderate AVS to evaluate the impact of pressure overload from an electrophysiological perspective. Materials and methods: 15 moderate AVS patients were compared to 15 controls paired for age (14.8±2.5 vs. 14.2±1.5 years old) and gender (66.7% male). All subjects underwent exercise stress testing with 12-lead ECG recording. QT was measured from the onset of QRS to the apex (QTa) at rest, peak exercise, 1 and 3 minutes of recovery. QT was corrected using the Fridericia equation and d-QT was calculated. Results: Resting QTc was similar among the study groups, but increased significantly in AVS in comparison to the control group at maximal effort (p=0.004) and after 1 (p<0.001) and 3 (p<0.001) minutes of recovery. A significant interaction was identified between groups for d-QT (p=0.034) and post-hoc tests revealed a significant difference only at rest (p=0.001). Conclusions: Ventricular repolarisation abnormalities can be unmasked and highlighted by the assessment of electrical repolarisation during exercise challenge in asymptomatic moderate AVS. Using QT response to exercise could be beneficial for better optimisation of risk stratification in these patients.

Keyphrases: Dispersion QT, QT, Congenital aortic valve stenosis, Exercise test, QT dispersion, QT
Le téléroman, un mode de connaissance du social : l’entrée dans la vie adulte de quatre jeunes personnages de Yamaska

Inspired by the epistemological approach of Gilles-Gaston Granger and the sociological approach of Howard Becker, this thesis focuses on Quebec’s téléroman as a mean of social knowledge. Based on the theoretical conception of entry into adult life elaborated by various researchers such as the French sociologist Olivier Galland, this research aims to assess the sociological value of the Quebec’s téléroman as a form of representation of this phenomenon. To achieve this goal, we describe the entry into adult life of four characters from the téléroman Yamaska : Geoffroy Carpentier, Olivier Brabant, Théo Carpentier and Ingrid Harrisson. By applying the theories proposed by the French sociologist Olivier Galland to these characters, our goal is to study and describe the adequacy, or inadequacy, of such a theory when applied to the experiences of young adults today broadcast in the chosen téléroman. Through the characters of Yamaska, the study aims to see how the theory fits, or not, to the television series, and investigates whether it provides additional knowledge about the phenomenon of entry into adult life. This will help us determine the type of knowledge broadcast through this TV fiction, and focus on the influence exerted on the content and the way it is broadcast by the téléroman’s structure.

Keyphrases: téléroman, Entry into adult life, television series, Quebec, epistemology, sociology, mode of social knowledge, young adults representation
Les bifurcations dans les parcours scolaires des étudiants universitaires québécois

This thesis proposes a descriptive and explicative analysis for the study of turning points along the academic path. Though many researchers have noted the high frequency of scholar redirections in postsecondary studies in Quebec, none of them have studied radical and unpredictable scholar redirections which can be defined by the term ‘turning point’. Based mainly on the analysis of a series of interviews with individuals who have experienced a school reorientation during their postsecondary studies, this research explores the objective and subjective aspects of these shifts, the various stages passed through during the reorientation process, the various resources used by students to facilitate its implementation, as well as the different reasons why students go through a turning point. The descriptive analysis shows the crucial roles of operational flexibility and postsecondary institutions’ resources, while it tends to minimize the role played by the student’s family, friends and especially by their parents. The explanatory analysis brings up two distinct turning point models: the rectification model, in which students are shifting to a program that is more consistent with their values; and the feedback model, in which they redirect to a field in which they already had interest. Ultimately, this thesis exposes the distinctions between the ‘turning point’ and ‘strategic reorientation’ and brings nuance to the use of the radicalism and unpredictability criteria to define turning points in academic trajectories insofar as reconciliations and returns to former centers of interest are often possible.

Keyphrases: Turning point, Academic path, Student, Postsecondary, Identity
Un festival de jazz en monde rural : analyse sociologique d’un conflit qui dure : le cas français d'Uzeste Musical et de ses relations conflictuelles avec la localité qui l'accueille

This master’s thesis is a case study that uses a sociological perspective to seek the reasons of the persistent conflict between the Uzeste Musical festival and a village of 450 inhabitants going by the same name, and last for the past 35 years. Based on a fieldwork, it combines an ethnographical approach and semi-structured interviews within this southwest village of France. The analysis mixes in vivo an ethnographical description of the conflict to different theoretical elements. The field and the practical sense theory of Bourdieu, in addition to the Boltanski & Thévenot’s pragmatic theory will help us understand the true implication of this problematic cohabitation. Through discussions with the different actors of the conflict rise the very reasons why this jazz festival seems foreign to the structures and the culture of the village, thus not being accepted by its inhabitants. Furthermore, it demonstrates the way the actors will try to redefine the conflict itself with familiar terms, even thought the latter seems unsustainable. This position allows them to put the conflict into perspective like it was always a part of the village’s history, thus redefining a way to cope with this problematic cohabitation.

Keyphrases: Village, Festival, Jazz, Bourdieu, Boltanski & Thévenot, Case study, Conflict, Field, Practical sense
Inclure l’addiction à Internet dans le DSM-V : étude de cas de la biomédicalisation des cyberdépendances

The proposal of "Internet Addiction" in the fifth edition of the DSM : a case study of biomedicalisation : The representation of Internet excessive practices as an addiction is a highly criticized fact in the scientific field. The proposed inclusion of the mental disorder "Internet Addiction" in the fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel, has ended in March 2013 in the inclusion of the "Internet Gaming Disorder" in the Appendix section caracterised by the need to further research. The aim of this master thesis is to understand the processes which get through the debate over this inclusion. Therefore, from a socio-historical perspective, the analysis first exposed the biomedicalized process that create the pathology. Then, empirically, through discourse analysis, that process is systematized in order to understand the representation of the "internet addict" that emerge from these scientific discourse. Finally, we suggest that this pathology reflect a specific way of governing in the information society era throught the technoscientific transformation of life, which is a political debate.

Keyphrases: Internet, addiction, Internet Addiction, governementality, health, biopsychiatry, science and technology, information society, social constructionism, risk, medicalization / biomedicalization, bio - psychiatrie
Littérature et sociologie : analyse de l'expérience moderne chez Joseph Roth, Thomas Mann et Max Weber

This master’s thesis is driven by a strong conviction: disciplinary boundaries between sociologists and writers should not be transmuted into trenches which would block a renewed sense of social reality. At the turn of the last century, realistic novels as well as German sociology were mutually inspired. However, over time, the communication channels have gradually been blurred. Our approach is therefore to revive the tradition of the German-speaking world at the dawn of the 20th century, in which period sociology emerged as its own discipline. Specifically, we will try to make interact the writing systems by exploring, on one hand, the cognitive virtues of literature in sociology and on the other hand, by trying to understand how the first contemporary sociologists men foresaw the era of modern times. In order to do so, we will rely on the works of Max Weber (1864-1920) one of the founding fathers of sociology as well as on an analysis of three realistic novels, written by two of the German novelists of the early 20th century, Joseph Roth (1894-1939) and Thomas Mann (1875-1955).

Keyphrases: Max Weber, Thomas Mann, Joseph Roth, Literature and sociology, Modernity
La situation des citoyens haïtiens parrainés au Québec après le séisme du 12 janvier 2010 en Haïti : une étude exploratoire des expériences migratoires

Thousands of Haitian citizens have settled in Quebec after the occurrence of the earthquake that struck Haiti on January 12, 2010. Many of them have been sponsored in Quebec by their families. Immigration to Canada from Haiti began during the late 1950s focusing more particularly in Montreal. The political, social and economic context in Haiti is often cited in the literature to explain the departure of Haitians and their installation in Quebec where the 'Haitian community' is estimated at about 120,000 people. We conducted an exploratory qualitative research to better understand the situation of Haitian newcomers established in Montreal following the earthquake. To do this, we inspired by notions of experience (Dubet, 1994) and representation (Hall, 1997). Between November 2012 and January 2013, we carried out nine interviews with seven women and two men aged from 23 to 60 years.   The results suggest that participants place great importance to life in the country of origin prior to migration in the development of their experiences. Experience current "here" is developed in comparison to experience past 'out there '. Participants also emphasized the importance of the family network when the migration process, both in the processes of emigration and in the accompaniment to the host country. Painful emotions were expressed against the separation family, lived as one of the consequences of the migration. Participants began efforts to integrate employment but they were faced with difficulties that most of them describe as "structural" and that some "personal". Finally, the results indicate that participants are carriers of an imaginary migration which is expressed by aspirations and expectations compared to the host society and which reflects a tension between these aspirations and experiences.

Keyphrases: immigration, earthquake, humanitarian sponsorship, migration experiences, Montreal
Entre déracinement et émancipation : l’expérience des jeunes autochtones pris en charge par la protection de la jeunesse

The forced implementation of children welfare services for Aboriginal peoples resulted in harmful consequences for Aboriginal youths and their families. Nowadays in Canada, these youths are overrepresented in the provincial child protection systems. Inspired by Dubet’s "Sociology of experience" (1994), this study focuses on the significations that young Aborigines attach to their care experience with child protection services so that the interventions may be planned in accordance with the meaning that they give to their reality. As part of a qualitative methodology, seven life stories have been gathered from young Aborigines, aged between 18 and 24, having been involved in child protective services and residing in urban areas. The analysis of these testimonies has permitted to highlight three types of experiences: rebellion, resignation and resilience. The intervention of child welfare agencies represents for these youths a protective measure that allowed them to escape from difficult living conditions. However, their perception becomes more qualified during the course of the out-of-home placement: the protection can be seen as « partial», «trite» or «total» depending on the uprooting, detachment or emancipation effect linked to the placement. The results show, on one hand, that youth protection represents an answer to poverty in Aboriginal populations and, on the other hand, that the links of young Aborigines with their environment of origin is essential if one wants to favor their welfare.

Keyphrases: placement, interventions sociales, youth protection, young Aborigines, out-of-home placement, foster care, social interventions, life stories, sociology of experience, typology
When sisters become brothers : the inclusion of women in Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood,  1952-2005

Since the creation of the Muslim Sisters, the female chapter of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, the role that the organization gave women has been shifting. At times, female militants were included within the political activities of the organization, while during others; they were relegated to a role of care provider in various charity tasks. The thesis at hand attempts to explain the causes for those shifts in the level of inclusion and exclusion of female militants within the Muslim Brotherhood. For that purpose, this study will tackle three different periods: 1952-1967 (inclusion), 1970-1984 (exclusion) and 1984-2005 (inclusion).  The research concludes that in periods where the survival of the Muslim Brotherhood is at risk, they will be forced to include female militants in their activities. Each change in the inclusion of women is also marked by a change in the political context and the relations with the government. Therefore these changes, rather than being ideological changes, are caused by rational concerns of the Muslim Brotherhood.

Keyphrases: Inclusion/exclusion, Muslim Brotherhood, Muslim Sisters, Inclusion/exclusion, Egypt, Islamist parties, Women
Impact d'une mitochondrie exogène sur le protéome du cybride Chrosomus eos

The Chrosomus eos-neogaeus genetic complex regroups different forms of hybrids of these two species, among which a cybrid form, that harbours the nuclear genome of C. eos and the mitochondria of C. neogaeus. This peculiar model is thus a unique opportunity to study the influence of an exogenous mitochondria on the metabolism and cellular physiology in a living animal in the wild, and thus perfectly adapted to this atypical cellular environment. Mitochondria being at the core of fundamental biological processes, we expect that the presence of foreign mitochondria will modify gene expression and the resulting proteome of these fishes. The overall goal of this master thesis is thus to compare the proteome of pure (wild type)         C. eos with the cybrid form sampled in similar lakes from the same geographical area so that most differences could be attributed to the different mitochondrial genomes. To achieve this goal, we used two dimensional electrophoresis. We selected a sub-group of proteins that showed the most extreme expression differences and identified these spots by mass spectrometric analyses (LC/MS).  Results demonstrate that C. neogaeus mitochondria has a strong influence on gene expression in cybrid. Proteins identified bring new clues supporting the hypothesis that cybrid are more cold tolerant than the wild type biotype.

Keyphrases: Gel 2D, Chrosomus eos-neogaeus, Mitochondria, Cybrid, Cytoplasmic hybrid, Proteomic, Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Comparative analysis
Studying the cytomechanic aspects of pollen tube growth behavior using Lab-On-Chip technology

Cellular elongation of tip-growing cells such as fungal hyphae, root hairs, pollen tubes and neurons, is limited to the tip of the cell, which enables these cells to invade the surrounding substrate and to reach a target. Tip-growing plant cells are surrounded by the stiff polysaccharidic wall that regulates the growth and elongation of these cells, a mechanism that is very different from non-walled cells. Understanding the regulation of the cell wall mechanical properties in controlling growth and cellular functioning of the pollen tube, a rapidly growing plant cell, is the goal of this project. The pollen tube carries sperm cells from the pollen grain to the ovule for fertilization and on its way from the stigma towards ovary the pollen tube physically invades the stylar transmitting tissue of the flower. To reach its target it also has to change its growth direction multiple times.  To assess the behavior of growing pollen tubes, an in vitro experimental system based on lab-on-chip (LOC) technology and MEMS (microelectro-mechanical systems) was designed. Using these devices we measured a variety of physical properties characterizing the pollen tube of Camellia, such as growth velocity, invasive growth and dilating force. In one of the experimental set-ups the tubes were exposed to slit-shaped openings made of elastic PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) material allowing us to measure the force a pollen tube exerts to dilate the growth substrate. This invasion capacity is crucial for pollen tubes to allow them to enter narrow intercellular spaces within the pistillar tissues. In other assays we used the microfluidic set-up to test whether pollen tubes can elongate in air and whether they have a directional memory. One of the applications that the lab is interested in is the investigation of intracellular processes such as the motion of fluorescently labelled organelles or macromolecules while the pollen tubes grow within the LOC devices. To prove that the devices are compatible with high-resolution optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, I used the styryl dye FM1-43 to label the endomembrane system of Camellia japonica pollen tubes. Observation of the vesicle cone, an aggregation of endocytic and exocytic vesicles in the apical cytoplasm of the pollen tube tip, did not pose any problems in pollen tubes located within the LOC. However, the particular dye in question adhered to the sidewalls of the LOC microfluidic network, making viewing of pollen tubes close to the sidewalls difficult because of the highly fluorescent signal of the wall. This property of the dye might be useful to image the network geometry when operating in fluorescence mode.

Keyphrases: Pollen tube, invasive force, dilating force, growth reorientation, Camellia japonica, fluorescent compatibility, Camellia japonica, Technologie LOC (Lab-On-Chip), Tube pollinique
L'influence de la sélection fréquence-dépendante sur le choix de partenaire chez le diamant mandarin (Taeniopygia guttata)

Frequency-dependant selection is an evolution mechanism in which the fitness of a type depend of its frequency in the population.  This mechanism play an important role in several interspecific (parasitism, predation, competition) and intraspecific interactions within different phenotypes of a same species. Frequency-dependant selection can be positive or negative and favor, respectively, either common or rare phenotype. This selection has been found in context of mated choice of several species, especially in insects (damselfly, drosophila, soldier beetle) and fishes (guppy, swordtail) and it has even been recently discover in humans. The significance of frequency-dependent selection in mated choice of monogamous species is still less explored and this study used the zebra finches (a monogamous passerine) in order to explored this field. We studied the significance of this mechanism when a character is neutral and when it is rather a quality cue. Also, we attempt to establish if rivals' presence affect or modify the initial preference of females for common or rare phenotypes.

Keyphrases: Monogamie, Sexual selection, Mate preference, Negative frequency-dependent selection, Condition-dependant character, Audience effect
Analyse de l'effet de la contamination du sol sur la croissance et la physiologie de 11 cultivars de Salix

My master thesis is part of a larger multidisciplinary initiative called GenoRem (www.genorem.ca). GenoRem brings together scientists from Université de Montréal and McGill University in a quest to improve bioremediation techniques through molecular and biological processes. Eleven fast-growing willow (Salix sp.) cultivars were studied, primarily to identify those that produce high biomass yields, demonstrate capacity to thrive under harsh environmental conditions and to tolerate the presence of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and C10-C50. A high-density field experiment was undertaken during the summer of 2011 on a former petrochemical industrial site in southern Québec, Canada. Cuttings of selected willow genotypes were planted on an area covering ~5000 m². Plants were monitored over the two growing seasons that followed the coppicing by recording a series of growth parameters and physiological measurements (specific leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance and nutrient concentration) in order to compare growth performance of each genotype on contaminated soils. S. miyabeana cultivars (SX61) achieved the highest biomass production, while S. nigra (S05) and S. acutifolia (S54) had the highest photosynthetic capacity. S. dasyclados (SV1), S. purpurea (‘Fish Creek’) and S. caprea (S365) were negatively affected by the presence of contaminants The establishment capacity and development of S. nigra (S05), S. eriochephala (S25) and S. purpurea X S. miyabeana (‘Millbrook’) were globally less influenced by soil pollution. This comparative analysis of physiological responses of willow on contaminated soil will guide plant selection processes and bioremediation practices in future phytoremediation projects.

Keyphrases: Salix, Salix physiology, phytoremediation, organic compounds, soil