NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La communication hors du commun : aporétique de la communauté inachevée

This dissertation examines the equivocal nature of communication and the ways through which life in common also takes effect a work of death. Inspired by renewed research and interest in the concept of the community, this particular enquiry unfolds in three main movements, which lead to three major impasses: epistemological, political and ethical. As this enquiry reaches the heart of each, the works of Jean-Luc Nancy, Giorgio Agamben and Roberto Esposito suggest ways to maneuver through them.   The first movement opens on a concealed dimension of the idea of ​​communication veiled by the humanistic conception of the community. An analysis of Mirandola’s essay Oration on the Dignity of Man allows for an examination of the values ​​associated with this tradition and the ways in which they conceal the ambivalent nature of communication. This first movement proceeds to the cusp of the contemporary political situation, particularly marked by the need to interrogate “our” condition following the crisis of these humanistic values.  The second movement initiates an enquiry into three contemporary political events. Each event allows for a further understanding of the perils associated with this concealment: the Dawson College shooting in Montreal in 2006 (Quebec, Canada), an incident involving the use of tear gas during demonstrations in Taksim Square in 2013 (Istanbul, Turkey), and an analysis of the Greek debt crisis. The aporia linking communication and incommunicability is thus examined through the incommensurable dimensions of life in common, of biopolitics and of fascism. That the peril threatening to part “us” from each other is still, despite everything, what “we” share invites forays where no path seems to lead.  The third movement points to ways the aporia of communication can be grasped through the possibility to think beyond the opposition of communication and non-communication. The philosophical tradition asking the “question of being” provides the horizon needed to address this problem. The seizing of the common as proper—the appropriation of the inappropriable—opens to an “uncommon” conception of communication.  These three movements do not lead to a conclusion. Within this uncommon conception of communication, they rather open on the constant, renewed, possibilities of the fragile even of which “we” bear the name.

Keyphrases: Communication, Commun, Community, Common, Proper, Politics, Ethic, Epistemology, Ontology, Incommunicability, Communication
Une ethnographie de la gestion de la population rom en Albanie

This thesis proposes an ethnography of the Roma population management in Albania covering its Communist and post-Communist periods. The analysis looks at the way in which several population management instruments and technologies of power are employed, and how a set population becomes a political subject. What are, then, the effects of such a management on populations in general and on the Roma in particular? This Foucauldian approach puts at the center the empirical analyses of policies, practices, and discourses concerning the Roma in Albania, and tries to grasp the effects they had on them. It draws from such elements to inquire the transformations of the society at large in post-Communist Albania. The research is rooted in political anthropology, combining an Anthropology of the State and an Anthropology of violence. It consists of three parts. The first one sets the conceptual, methodological and theoretical framework. The second part offers an analysis of the relations the state has had with the Roma under Communism, during which period they were subjected to administrative measures concerning their normalisation through forced sedentarisation and other coercive measures. Finally, the third part, preceded by an interlude on transition, investigates the relation between the state, violence, mobility and Roma population management in Albania since the regime fell. The analysis is build around the specific cases of the displaced Roma communities or those who are moving around in the outskirts of Tirana. It is a forced mobility due to limited opportunities many Roma families have to get out of their precarious situation; it is also a mobility induced by policies, practices and state discourses, mostly by their non-action. As the analysis of practices and discourses carries through this time span – supported by ethnographies of archival documents and of Roma camps and neighbourhoods –, it reveals many contradictions and controversies that surround the state apparatus, which in return produce discrimination, exclusion, violence, indifference and abandonment.

Keyphrases: normalisation, discrimination, violence, Albania, Anthropology of violence, Ethnography of the state, Roma, sedentarization, state practices and discourses, Political Anthropology, forced mobility, NGOs
Programme Prevent-Teach-Reinforce : une intervention comportementale pour diminuer les comportements problématiques en milieu scolaire

The purpose of this article is to describe the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce program (PTR; Dunlap et al., 2010) by emphasising the underlying behavior analytic principles that lead to its development. The PTR is a program designed to decrease challenging behaviours for children in school settings, which uses functional assessment to develop an individualized and intensive behavioral intervention. Given that one randomized validation study of the PTR has been made to date, we conduct a critical analysis of the PTR and propose further research to scientifically validate the program. Implications for clinical practice are also discussed by emphasising the role of psychologists in the implementation of the program.

Keyphrases: programme Prevent-Teach-Reinforce, intervention comportementale, Prevent-Teach-Reinforce program, challenging behaviour, behavioral intervention, functional assessment, scientific validation
Guérir avec l'EMDR : preuves et controverses

EMDR is an integrative psychotherapy approach proposed to treat a wide range of psychological disorders. This is the first French review of EMDR effectiveness. The EMDR effectiveness is initially show with uncontrolled cases studies that suffers from important methodological weaknesses. Experimental case studies provide equivocal results. Controlled studies are then reviewed as a function of the type of experimental control used and the type of disorder treated. EMDR appears as effective as cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder but cognitive-behavioral therapy remains the treatment of choice for specific phobia and panic disorder. In addition, dismantling studies repeatedly show that eye movements are not necessary for the efficacy of EMDR. An analysis of the differences and similarities between EMDR and the cognitive behavioral approach is presented. Pseudoscience elements embedded in EMDR development and diffusion are also presented.

Keyphrases: EMDR, pseudo-science, cognitive-behavior therapy, treatment efficacy, ethical issues, pseudoscience
Analyse des événements festifs et religieux dans le Petit Maghreb sous l'approche de la médiation

Background and objectives. The current study aims to extend the reflexion about the paradigm of public order policing in the context of crowd management and, more particularly, one that is geared towards mediation. Specifically, this study describes the mediation approach that has been observed during festive and religious events in the Little Maghreb (Petit Maghreb), evaluates its advantages and its limitations and also identify elements that could be generalized to similar events.  Methods. Data used in the present study come from interviews conducted with several members of the Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM) and the community organization Tandem VSP. Qualitative data were collected using two main strategies. First, the interviews allowed a better understanding as regards to the integration process of the mediation approach within the police service. Second, an analysis of the interactions between security actors and the population as well as their influences over crowd management was conducted through participant observation.   Results. According to our observations, the mediation approach appears to reduce the probability of violence escalation, as well as limiting the need to resort to more coercive crowd management strategies. Although, such approach cannot be widely generalized to all events requiring a police contingent, it can nevertheless be of benefit to bring the liaison officers closer to a particular community. Furthermore, it facilitates police officers’ task in a relatively pacific context, in which the risk of violence is rather low.   Conclusion. Results show that Tandem VSP mediators possess the abilities to maintain public order within a crowd without having to resort to external resources, particularly by responding to the main issues during the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In fact, these community workers own a thorough knowledge of the Maghrebian culture and their ability to operate from the “inside” makes them a valuable assets to crowd management strategies.

Keyphrases: Public order policing, Crowd management, Liaison officers, Mediation approach
La conduite avec facultés affaiblies : les contrevenants et les services offerts dans les établissements de détention du Québec

This study aims to improve knowledge on inmates condemned for driving while impaired and on programs offered to them in the prisons of province of Quebec. A portrait of these offenders has been established. Three profiles are distinguished : those for whom it is the first sentence and for which the offense appears to be a wrong course, those who received a sentence of discontinuous detention, who have few antecedents and who spend small amount of time in detention and finally, those with cumulative offenses who are sentenced to continuous incarceration. In addition to support groups present in all detention facilities, there are a few programs dealing more specifically with issues related to consumption. Also, two programs stand out in their specificity and their supervision, the Département spécialisé en toxicomanie in the Établissement de détention de Québec and the Faculté-Vie sector, formerly in the Établissement de détention Maison Tanguay. Following the analysis of these informations, recommendations are made on enhanced partnership, brief intervention, action upstream of incarceration and on an already well established program that can easily be adapted to meet the needs of persons convicted of driving while impaired.

Keyphrases: intervention, détention, impaired driving, programs
Les transferts de fonds virtuels – une technologie innovatrice et un moyen potentiel de blanchiment d’argent

The globalization and technological progress have increased gradually the popularity of the virtual currency. This interest is due to the advantages of the virtual money such as its anonymity, the low transfer costs, the speed of the operations, the safety of the transfers and its decentralization. However, these benefits are perceived as a real threat by the law enforcement structures (authorities). The lack of regulation of the virtual currencies, the impossibility to track transfers of Bitcoin, to identify participants on the network and the lack of a database makes this method suitable for money laundering and terrorist financing. At the same time, the relatively small Bitcoin market and the lack of identified real money laundering cases performed with the virtual currency question this threat. This work tries to examine the characteristics of the virtual currency in general and the Bitcoin case in particular, as well as the threat of its use for criminal purposes (money laundering and financing of terrorism). In presenting the perceptions of the users on the one hand and law enforcement authorities on the other, we will try to better understand why do people use virtual currency and what real threat it poses for the authorities. In addition, we will analyze the traceability of the virtual currency, the role of law enforcement authorities in Quebec on Bitcoin and the need for future regulation of the virtual currencies.

Keyphrases: Bitcoin, Digital money, Money laundering, Terrorism
Bénéfices de la diversité culturelle en entreprises : Études de cas dans les entreprises québécoises

Quebec aiways knew a high immigration rate. However, for a few years now, the make up of the population resulting from immigration seems to have changed and to be composed much more of visible minorities. Yet, this population tends to encounter certain difficulties in its integration on the labor market, it is for this reason, that the Québec government adopted the program of access to equality (PAE) to limit the effects of discrimination and racism in employment, by requiring employers that the obstacles at the time of recruitment and during the employment of the members of the discriminated groups be lified. One of the methods of application of the PAE is represented by the contractual obligation which requires the introduction of such a program by each Québéc company of 100 employees and more receiving a govemment contract or a subsidy, of 100 000 $ and more. Throughout our study, we try to examine whether there is a complementary way to sensitize and to interest the companies to be more involved on the question ofthe equality through the management ofcultural diversity. The main objective of ail companies being to turn a profit, we thus try to see whether this complementary way would be related to the search for market benefits resuiting from diversity. The question which arises then is to know if the adoption of good managerial practices of cultural diversity can have effects on the organizational performance and the economic profitability. For this purpose, we analyzed two categories of companies: one winch is ‘passive” as regards to diversity management and the other, rather “activ&’. Our resuits indicated that indeed, there would be a link between the initiatives of diversity, the integration of the minorities and the commercial profits of the companies. Tins supports our starting hypothesis according to winch, a vast range of better practices aiming at diversity goes hand in hand with the benefits as much for the company as for the members of the visible minorities. Nevertheless, we did not manage to prove in a direct and significant way the relation that exists between the organizational performance and the administrative practices of cultural diversity, because of the many factors, as much extemal as internai to the companies, able to influence tins relation. The taking into account of these various conditions of emergence of the benefits of cultural diversity constitutes an important avenue of future research.

Keyphrases: Cultural diversity, Diversity management in corporations, Human resources practices and cultural diversity, Cultural diversity and Bottom-line, Diversity management cost, Program of access to equality (PAE), Québec corporations
Pierre Camille Le Moine, un archiviste des Lumières dans l’obscurité de l’évaluation à l’ère du numérique

In 1765, the chartrier Pierre Camille Le Moine publishes a treaty entitled «Diplomatique pratique ou Traité de l’arrangement des archives et des trésors des chartes ». In this publication , Pierre Camille Le Moine explains his vision concerning the optimal management of numerous documents that  the archivists of his period have to manage.  This "work-fiction" imagines the arrival of Pierre Camille Le Moine in the New World of the digital technology. Convinced that his theory can still, at least partially, apply to this new futuristic era, the nice archivist explains the similarities between his pluricentenaire theory and that explained by his new contemporary colleagues of the 21th century. He also tries to demonstrate that his" plans généraux d’arrangement " can and have to serve as way to make sensitive the set of the individuals on the archiving of documents which do not stop accumulating.

Keyphrases: Pierre Camille Le Moine, Archival appraisal, Digital Archives, Enlightenment, Chartrier, Collection of charters, Conservation, Documentary heritage
Reciprocal Prospective Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Relationship With Parents in Early Adolescence

Objective: Adolescent depressive symptoms are associated with difficult family relationships. Family systems and interpersonal theories of depression suggest that this association could reflect a circular process in which symptoms and family functioning affect each other over time. Few longitudinal studies have tested this hypothesis, and the results of these studies have been equivocal. In this study, we examine reciprocal prospective associations in early adolescence between depressive symptoms and 2 important aspects of parent–child relationships: communication and conflict. Methods: Participants were 3862 students who annually filled out self-reports. Path analysis was used to examine prospective associations between depressive symptoms and perceived communication and conflict with parents from the age of 12 to 13 and 14 to 15 years. Independence of these associations was assessed by controlling for family context (parental separation and family socioeconomic status) and adolescent behaviour problems (delinquent behaviours and substance use). Sex differences were evaluated with multiple group analysis. Results: Reciprocal prospective associations were found between depressive symptoms and perceived conflict with parents, but not between depressive symptoms and communication with parents. Depressive symptoms were found to predict poorer communication with parents over time, but communication was not predictive of lower depressive symptoms in subsequent years. All paths were sex-invariant and independent from family context and behaviour problems. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of considering the potential impact of adolescent symptomatology on parent–child relationships and suggests that reciprocity may characterize the association between depressive symptoms and negative aspects of parent–child relationships. The role of adolescent perceptions in the interplay between depressive symptoms and family relationships remains to be clarified.

Keyphrases: Depression, Family conflict, Communication, Longitudinal study, Sex differences
Contribution différentielle de Neuroligine‐1 et d’EphA4 
à la régulation du sommeil

Sleep is a vital need and the proper functioning of the body depends on the amount and quality of sleep. Sleep is regulated by two processes: a circadian process that depends on the activity of suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus and regulates the time of day during which we are going to sleep, and a homeostatic process that seems to depend on neuronal activity and that reflects sleep intensity. The homeostatic process controls a pressure for sleep as a function of the amount of time spent awake. Indeed, sleep quality depends on the duration of preceding wakefulness, the more one is awake, deeper the sleep afterwards as measured by electroencephalographic markers (EEG). Studies have shown that the proper functioning of these two sleep regulatory processes depends on synaptic plasticity. Thus, elements that regulate synaptic communication and synaptic strength are important candidates to act upon the physiology of sleep regulation. Cell adhesion molecules are key elements regulating synaptic plasticity. They control synapse activities and maturation. Studies have shown that their absence leads to consequences similar to sleep deprivation. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of the absence of two different cellular adhesion molecule, Neuroligin‐1 and EphA4 receptor in sleep regulatory processes. Our hypothesis is that the absence of either of these molecules will affect sleep regulation and more specifically sleep homeostasis. To address our hypothesis, we first studied EEG activity in mice which do not express Nlgn1 and EphA4 in normal condition or after sleep deprivation. Secondly, we measured the molecular changes that occur in these two models after sleep deprivation. At the level of EEG activity, our results show that the absence of Nlgn1 increases the density of slow waves under baseline condition, and that the amplitude and slope of slow waves are increased after sleep deprivation. We concluded that Nlgn1 is required for normal functioning of cortical synchrony especially after sleep deprivation, thereby giving it a key role in sleep homeostasis. Regarding the EphA4 receptor, its absence affects the duration of paradoxal sleep and sigma activity which are known to depend on the circadian process. These results suggest that the EphA4 receptor is an important element in the circadian regulation of sleep. The transcriptional response after sleep deprivation in mice not expressing Nlgn1 or EphA4 is not different from that in wild‐type mice. However, we found that sleep deprivation affects the distribution of specific epigenetic markers like methylation and hydroxymethylation and the expression of molecules regulating these changes is altered in EphA4 null mice. Our observations show that two cell adhesion molecules, Nlgn1 and EphA4 receptor, have an important role in the homeostatic and circadian sleep process and contribute differentially to sleep regulation.

Keyphrases: EphA4, Neuroligine-1, EEG, cell adhesion molecules, Neuroligin-1, synaptic plasticity, regulation sleep/wakefulness, cortical synchrony, epigenetic, mice
Implicating the mechanisms of ADP-ribosylation factor activation in the resistance of invasive breast cancer cells to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors

The small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor-1 (ARF1) has been well described for its role in regulating transport within the Golgi. Recently, in breast cancer cells, we have characterized ARF1 as important mediator of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signals leading to cell proliferation, migration and invasion. However, the mechanisms regulating ARF1 activity downstream of the EGFR had yet to be defined. Here, we aim to characterize these mechanisms of ARF1 activation in invasive breast cancer cells and demonstrate that activated ARF1 plays an essential role in mediating the resistance of breast cancer cells to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We show that the adaptor proteins Grb2 and p66Shc regulate EGF-dependent ARF1 activation. While Grb2 was shown to be essential in the recruitment of ARF1 to the EGFR as well as the activation of this small GTPase, p66Shc blocked the recruitment of this Grb2-ARF1 complex to the receptor and thus suppressed EGF-induced ARF1 activation. Additionally, we demonstrate that ARF1 promotes EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in invasive breast cancer cells. Indeed, the depletion of ARF1 was associated with an increased sensitivity to EGFR inhibition. We show that ARF1 promotes resistance by enhancing survival and proliferative signals through Erk1/2, Src and AKT, while blocking the apoptotic p38MAPK and JNK pathways. Furthermore, ARF1 was shown to stabilize EGFR dynamics (Expression, activation, dimerization and down-regulation) in response to treatment with EGFR inhibitors.  Finally, we highlight the role of ARF1 in mediating mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. The depletion of ARF1 was shown to promote gefitinib-induced cell death as measured by increase expression of pro-apoptotic factors(p66Shc, Bax), altered mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome C release. Together, our results delineate a novel mechanism of ARF1 activation in breast cancer cells and implicate ARF1 activity as an important mediator of EGFR inhibitor resistance further supporting the importance of targeting this GTPase in breast cancer patients.

Keyphrases: ARF1, EGFR, p66Shc, Grb2, EGFR, tyrosine kinase inhibitors