NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Recasts, uptake and learning : effects and relationships

Learner uptake is learner’s immediate response to the teacher’s oral corrective feedback (Lyster & Ranta, 1997). This study investigated the relationship between uptake and L2 learning and examined the effects of implicit and explicit recasts in terms of uptake and learning. Fifty-three students in two intact grade 6 ESL classes in Montreal were assigned to the two experimental conditions-one received implicit recasts and the other explicit recasts as feedback. The treatment included communicative activities; it targeted third-person possessive determiners and question forms. The student’s knowledge of the features was tested immediately before the treatment and immediately after it completed through oral tasks. Results revealed that explicit recasts were more effective than implicit recasts in terms of uptake and learning and that effectiveness of recasts depends on the target feature. It was also found that uptake could facilitate L2 learning; however, its absence should not be equated with absence of learning.

Keyphrases: Uptake, L2, Corrective feedback, Explicit recasts, Implicit recasts, Recasts
Examining the incremental validity of psychopathy versus antisocial personality disorder in understanding patterns of criminal behavior

Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder are two related yet clinically distinct syndromes both coined as important predictors of violence and criminality. Among the mentally ill, there is increasing evidence that only the behavioral aspects of psychopathy are related to criminality.  Studies have shown that the personality-oriented facets of psychopathy add little to the prediction of future violence among the mentally ill. However, few studies have sought to examine whether a lifetime of crime shows the same pattern. A total of 96 men who had been declared not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder participated in this study. Trained interviewers assessed antisocial personality and psychopathy among participants. Official RCMP criminal records were consulted in order to ascertain criminal history. Results suggest that neither antisocial personality disorder traits nor psychopathy facets evidenced incremental validity one over the other regarding a lifetime pattern of offending. A higher number of antisocial traits were related to a greater number and higher severity of non-violent offenses. Results are discussed with regards to the usefulness of the antisocial personality disorder classification, and the applicability of conceptual models of psychopathy to individuals with a severe mental illness.

Keyphrases: Trouble mental grave, Psychopathy, Antisocial personality disorder, Criminal history, Severe mental illness
Survivre à la violence organisée : parcours et témoignage de deux femmes rwandaises

This Master’s Thesis is about the survival of women in contexts of organized violence. Our research is supported by the testimonials of two women living in Canada who are refugees from Rwanda. We seek to explore their perspectives on three dimensions of survival: the victimization and re-victimization to which they were subjected, the actions they were able to perform to survive, and the meanings they gave to these experiences. First, these women express that in addition to the genocide in 1994, they lived in a climate of insecurity, uncertainty and impunity during the war in Rwanda (1990-94); in exile, during the war to overthrow Mobutu; the massacre of Rwandan refugees; and the pillage of natural resources by the AFDL. They describe the continuity of organized violence from one political regime to another. From the beginning of the war to their arrival in Canada, they were victims and witnesses of human rights violations perpetrated by various armed groups. In addition, these women testify to the non-recognition of their refugee status by the officials that deal with overseas requests for asylum, of the dehumanizing treatment by administrators of humanitarian aid, and more importantly, of the non-recognition and impunity of crimes committed by the military and the government currently in power in Rwanda. In addition, these testimonies show social actors engaged in political activism, collective action and the protection, security, survival of their loved ones, from the beginning of the conflict to their arrival in Canada. In fact, to overcome the difficulties imposed by organized violence, they creatively mobilized and transformed all of the resources available to them in their human, social and economic capital to meet the needs of their loved ones and of their community, and this, throughout the entire migration process. Finally, in regards to meaning, we discuss how women perceive their individual experiences of suffering as a history of collective victimization, which seems to help them normalize their experiences. We also see emanating from their testimony, the identity of strong, resilient women capable of adapting in a climate of adversity, which seems to encourage coherence, continuity and a sense of pride.

Keyphrases: survival, agency, meaning, refugee women, social actor, resiliency, social suffering, non-recognition
A lexical semantic study of Dene Suliné, an Athabaskan language

This work constitutes a systematic lexical semantic study of Dene Sųłiné, an Athabaskan language from northwestern Canada.  As such, it presents the lexicographic definitions, syntactic and lexical combinatorial patterns of over 200 lexical units (lexemes and idioms) representing part of the core Dene Sųłiné vocabulary for seven semantic fields: terms to describe emotions, human character, physical description, position of an object, atmospheric conditions and topographical features.  The theoretical approach used is Meaning-Text Theory (MTT), a formal linguistic approach with a strong empirical focus on semantics and lexicography.  This work finds significant differences between Dene Sųłiné and English at all levels: in the relationship between of (quasi-)extralinguistic concepts and linguistic meanings, in the lexicalization or conflation patterns one finds in meanings of lexical units, and finally in the syntactic and lexical combinatorial patterns, which also show interesting language-specific tendencies.

Keyphrases: Lexical Semantics, Lexicologie, Lexicography, Langues Athabaskanes, Athabaskan Languages, Meaning-Text Theory, Language Documentation
Dramatizing whoredom : prostitution in the work of Tennessee Williams

This dissertation explores the leitmotif of prostitution in the work of Tennessee Williams and provocatively contends that most Williams characters are engaged in one form of prostitution or another. Performing a close reading of relevant texts by Williams that illustrate any form of prostitution, with special attention given to four major plays, A Streetcar Named Desire (1947), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955), Suddenly Last Summer (1958), and Sweet Bird of Youth (1959), this study argues that the playwright uses a transgressive mode of fiction—the gothic—in conjunction with a transgressive practice—prostitution—to link the social classes and to blur the boundaries between the literal and the figurative prostitutes. In so doing, Williams offers a more calibrated, nuanced view of prostitution.    Theoretically, this dissertation reposes on critical works on gender, sexuality, and history by Michel Foucault, David Savran, and Michael Paller to fully contextualize Williams’s work and to discuss the attitude towards, and place of, prostitution within the cultural zeitgeist of the 1940s and 1950s. Part A (chapters one and two) provides ample autobiographical and biographical evidence to explain that Williams’s use of prostitution as a recurring theme results from his lifelong preoccupation with, and indulgence in, an amalgam of prostitutions: artistic (prostituting his art for money) and sexual (paying for sex). It also presents a detailed inventory of the playwright’s literal prostitutes, whom I classify into the following three categories: 1) child prostitution, 2) male prostitution, and 3) female prostitution. Part B, comprising chapters three and four, engages with theory and history and identifies Williams characters who qualify as moral prostitutes. This group includes those who directly profit from prostituting others and those who marry exclusively for financial gain, social advancement, or both.    Williams’s work eschews the stereotypical representation of prostitutes in literature as lower-class streetwalkers or morally bankrupt females or both. The playwright neither presents the prostitute as a romantic figure of transcendence nor as a rebellious one who threatens society. This dissertation concludes that by depicting child prostitutes, female streetwalkers, male hustlers, gay-for-pay studs, pimps, procurers, brothel operators, the morally compromised powers that be, and those who prostitute themselves by entering into loveless marriages, Williams has effectively and incontrovertibly dramatized whoredom in all of its forms.

Keyphrases: Prostitution, American drama, Prostitution, Theatre, Prostitute, Sexuality, Marriage, Adultery, Twentieth century, Plays, Short stories
Description des pratiques vaccinales d’infirmières en situation de refus parental avant et après une formation interactive

In spite of the success of immunization as a public health measure, some parents refuse to vaccinate their children (Diekema, 2005). Over the last couple of decades, outbreaks of vaccine-prevented diseases like whooping cough and measles have been observed in Canada, particularly among the non-vaccinated population (Hinman, 2000). Since the adoption of law 90, nurses in Quebec can provide vaccination without a medical prescription while adhering to the PIQ (Quebec immunization protocol). Nurses in Quebec can, therefore, have a positive impact on immunization uptake in the province (Sauvageau, Boulianne, Clouâtre, Lavoie, & Duval, 2005). The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the VIP (Vaccination par les Infirmières/Infirmiers- Promotion) teaching program on the practices of community nurses (CSSS) when faced with a parent refusing vaccination. We first described the nursing practices of nurses (N=12) when faced with parents who refused vaccination. We identified and described 13 practices used by nurses when faced with parental refusal. Secondly, we identified modifications in some of the nursing practices after the VIP teaching program.  Nurses must address the fears or questions of parents with pertinent and individualized information. Teaching programs must provide support for nurses to have and maintain an optimal practice.

Keyphrases: Formation continue, Refus vaccinal parental, Immunization, Treatment refusal, Nurses, Continuing education
Les voies de signalisation utérines à l'émergence de la diapause embryonnaire chez le vison américain

Embryonic diapause is characterized by a reversible arrest of blastocyst development prior to implantation and delay in implantation.  In the American mink, embryonic diapause is a characteristic of each gestation.  Although the mechanisms which control obligate embryonic diapause of this species are well known, the role of the uterus involved in blastocyst reactivation remains elusive. The subject of this doctoral research consisted first in exploring the uterine environment at the emergence of embryonic diapause in order to subsequently determine, the main factors in the uterus that provoke reactivation of the embryo. We have undertaken an analysis of the uterine transcriptome at the emergence of embryonic diapause which has enabled us to set up a library of 123 cDNA uterine sequences differentially expressed at blastocyst reactivation, and homologue gene sequences known in other species.  Twenty-five percent of these genes are implicated in genetic expression, 15 % in cell signal transduction, 15 % in cell cycle, 10 % in transport and 9 % in cell structure.  All of them reflect significant uterine modifications at blastocyst reactivation.  We have validated differential expression of ten genes, identified as: GDF3 (growth and differentiation 3), ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule), ADIPOR1 (adiponectin receptor 1), HMGN1 (high mobility group N1), TXNL1 (thioredoxine like 1), TGM2 (tissue transglutaminase 2), SPARC (secreted protein acidic rich in cystein), and three genes encoding for AZIN1 (antizyme inhibitor 1), ODC1 (ornithine decarboxylase 1) and SAT1 (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase), which are enzymes implicated in polyamine biosynthesis.  The spatio-temporal expression patterns of SPARC and HMGN1 illustrate tissue and chromatin remodelling in the uterus at the termination of embryonic diapause.   Having measured an increase in concentration of polyamines in the uterus at the resumption of blastocyst development, we have hypothetized that polyamines are implicated in the emergence of blastocysts from diapause.  We inhibited polyamine biosynthesis in pregnant mink females during early blastocyst reactivation.  The inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis through treatment with α-difluoromehtylornithine (DFMO) provoked a major reduction in cell proliferation in blastocysts at reactivation and a delay in the timing of implantation, but did not affect the success of reproduction.  Similarly, we induced a reversible dormant state in cultured mink trophoblast cells traited with DFMO. To conclude, not only are results of this study a breakthrough in the understanding of the role of the uterus in stimulating at the emergence of blastocysts from embryonic diapause, but also, for the very first time, they indicate the existence of uterine factors, the polyamines, that are responsible for blastocysts reactivation.

Keyphrases: diapause, implantation, hybridation suppressive soustractive, polyamines, diapause, blastocyst, trophoblast, uterus, implantation, suppressive subtractive hybridization, polyamines, mink
Étude de l'influence de la perte de masse sur l'évolution d'étoiles de plusieurs types

Mass loss has been introduced in a stellar evolution code which takes into  account all the effects of atomic diffusion and  radiative accelerations for the 28 species  included in the OPAL opacity database. The physical properties of the  solutions are analyzed in detail. When the advective velocity induced by mass loss dominates the  inward settling velocity, the local flux  for a given element is determined by flux variations which occur deep within the star.  However, local  abundances are modulated by local variations in radiative  accelerations. Atomic diffusion affects the outer 30% of the stellar radius of these stars.   The computed models are also compared  to observations of AmFm, HAeBe and Population II  stars in order to determine to what extent mass loss competes with atomic diffusion  in the stable regions of these stars.  Mass loss rates are solely  constrained via surface abundances, since the mass loss rate amplitudes are likely too small  to be observed directly.  It is shown that most chemical anomalies observed at the  surface of these stars can be  reproduced by models with unseparated mass loss. While AmFm and HAeBe abundance determinations  are compatible with mass loss rates which are, at most,  5 times larger than the solar mass loss rate,  Population II stars require much larger  rates (50 to 100 times  the solar rate). Mass loss rates smaller than 10^{-14}Msun/yr which lead  to an iron peak convection zone are not compatible with  surface abundance observations.  Surface abundances in AmFm and Population II stars are shown  to be the result of  chemical separation occurring deep within the star (Delta M/M_* between -5 and -6);  however, in HAeBe stars, for  which anomalies appear during the pre--main-sequence, the separation occurs nearer the surface (Delta M/M_* = -7).   With respect to turbulent  mixing, mass loss leads to very  different internal abundance distributions. Whereas turbulent mixing  homogenizes abundances from the surface down to depths  well within the radiative zone (diffusive solution), mass loss allows for chemical stratification up to the bottom of the  surface convection zone (advective solution). This could  potentially allow for  asteroseismic tests which could elucidate the relative  importance of both types of processes in these stars.

Keyphrases: Stars, Evolution, atomic diffusion, Abundances, Mass loss
A propos de l’intégration de l’icône forme architecturale dans le paysage de la ville à travers le Branding

In a structural perspective, looking to extend the loan translation to the epistemological fields, semiology was born. Considering conventions and linguistic system of the social life as «signs», both architectural form and cityscape were compared to «discursive structures» or «texts». Consequently, the integration of the architectural form in the cityscape will be defined as a «dialogy» based on entangled codes. With the reference to the peircien’s conception of the sign, we suggest, through a decompositive methodology, to find the meaning of this «dialogy» in the actual strategy of «city Branding» where «intertextuality» is being converted «interimagibility» (or «intericonicity») taking the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) as corpus of this remarquable metamorphosis.

Keyphrases: City branding, Semiology, Architectural form, cityscape, Integration
Identification de QTL à pression artérielle dans le chromosome 18 du rat et analyse des gènes candidats Adrb2 et Nedd4l associés à l’hypertension essentielle

Hypertension is a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease and affects a large percentage of human population. It is a complex disease because of its multifactorial nature. Blood pressure (BP) regulation is controlled by several genes, known as quantitative trait loci or QTL, and results from their interaction. Given that BP is a quantitative trait influenced by several components such as genetic and environmental factors, the study of hypertension is limited in humans. As a result, the main strategy in the study of this disease is the identification of BP QTL in congenic rat strains established from hyper- and normotensive breeds, namely, Dahl salt-sensitive [1] and Lewis.  Previous studies showed the existence of three QTL in rat chromosome 18. For this project, new congenic sub-strains were developed in order to refine these QTL containing regions. Thus, C18QTL1, C18QTL3 and C18QTL4 were defined.  Molecular analyses were carried out for two candidate genes contained in C18QTL3; namely Adrb2 and Nedd4l previously associated with hypertension. Comparison of the sequencing results from regulatory and coding regions of the two genes, as well as their expression analyses, showed no significant difference able to account for the variation of the observed phenotype distinguishing DSS from Lewis.  Further investigation of these two genes must be conducted and, if needed, analyses of other genes contained in C18QTL3 should be undertaken in order to uncover the locus responsible for the QTL.

Keyphrases: Hypertension, QTL, Pression, Adrb2, Nedd4l, Essential, hypertension, Blood, pressure, QTL, Adrb2, Nedd4l, congenic, genetic, mapping
Qu'est-ce qu'une pensée-cinéma? : retour sur les présupposés de l'analyse figurative

What is a cinematographic thought? A film theorized with images and sounds what it is dealing with. The methodology of film analysis which reveals that close relationship between images, sounds and thought is figurative. It was exposed in Nicole Brenez De la figure en général et du corps en particulier in 1998. First, the analyst must consider that the film is more important than its context. Next, its components shall be understood as elements. Then, those elements are regarded as questions. Finally, the film has to be considered as an interrogation of its subject. However, those four steps aren’t necessarily clear. They lead to a double thought: the film forces the analysis to include elements that are only made visible with the analysis. This double thought goes beyond the film and questions cinema itself. This study’s aim is to prove that a figurative analysis finds its foundations within the history of cinema, and due to these analyses, the changes regarding the construction of the image, editing, and character can be revealed. This methodology lies on an historical and aesthetic study of the cinematographic forms. Those forms are the way cinema thinks. Emerging from this relationship of a form, its expression, and its analysis is a sensitive field of experimentations: a cinematographic thought.

Keyphrases: Gilles Deleuze, film study, film history, aesthetics, Gilles Deleuze, character
Contribution de l’éthique théologique du caractère à l’accompagnement pastoral des jeunes adultes

This doctoral project aims to develop an ethical approach of accompaniment of young adults (20-35 years) in pastoral milieu. Adopting its starting point in the "praxeologic" method, it observes first a certain type of practice in pastoral accompaniment, and then reflects upon some features of young of present times, especially young Quebecers.  Although looking for affirmation of their freedom, the young who punctually seek advice from a priest, are often in search of answers to their moral dilemma. It draws on American theologians and moralists, Stanley Hauerwas and Craig Dykstra in order to surpass the concern about "what to do". In effect, these principal authors of the thesis focus on the person, the realization of his self and the type of man or woman he/she wants to be. The emphasis is then put on the issue of being and not just on doing. An escalation of the importance of "doing" and "action" refers to both our post-technological society, focusing on the productivity of the individual, and a Catholic prescriptive moral. However, the ethics of character offers a path of conversion of knowing "what to do" to knowing "how to live". On theological level, it refocuses and reinterprets essential aspects of Christianity, namely stories, tradition as history, community and imagination. This is a new approach that revitalizes the ethic landscape and pastoral accompaniment style of young adults. As a Catholic priest often consulted by people in this age group (20-35 years), my thesis project seeks inspiration for a new practice of ethical and pastoral accompaniment.

Keyphrases: Ethics, Youth adult ministry, Moral, Character, Young adults, Accompaniment, Practical theology, Praxeology, Quebec Catholicism, Vision, Vision