NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Un fjord, une rivière, un lac et des ruisseaux : 
variabilité culturelle paléohistorique sur le bassin hydrographique de la rivière Saguenay (Québec, Canada)

In archaeology, determining specific cultural identities is often problematic. However, towards the end of the Paleohistoric period, and especially during the Protohistoric period, archaeological assemblages are more often than not supported by written and pictorial sources that more or less accurately depict the human geography of the period. Along the Saguenay River watershed, some of these sources reveal that, during the Protohistoric period, a number of distinctive groups frequented the area, including St. Lawrence Iroquoians, Tadoussac Montagnais (Innu), Kakouchacks, and other northern groups. The archaeological assemblages of the 393 archaeological sites along the Saguenay River watershed with at least one Protohistoric or late Paleohistoric component were analyzed in an effort to determine if what is written or illustrated in historic texts can be confirmed from an archaeological standpoint. Be they ceramic, lithic, osteological, or other, the latter have revealed a number of trends that can only be interpreted as specific cultural fabrics. The presence of this Protohistoric cultural mosaic raised several challenges as to the timeline of this dynamic and, particularly, how it came about. While the widely changing Saguenay River watershed environment (including Lake St. Jean) surely played a part, other events, or behaviours, undoubtedly contributed to the diversity of those populations; such as the origins of the populations that navigated the river and its tributaries, the routes they followed through their seasonal cycles, and the context in which exchanges were made along the entire watershed. All these factors unquestionably played a part in characterizing, say, Lake St. Jean lowland groups from lower Saguenay groups.

Keyphrases: Saguenay, Kakouchacks, Anthropology, Archaeology, Saguenay, Protohistory, Woodland, Exchanges, Identity, St. Lawrence Iroquoians, Kakouchacks
Transmission des connaissances et professionnalisation de l'enseignement : déconstruction des traductions à l’œuvre dans la revue Vie pédagogique

For over thirty years, Quebec has taken a stance in favour of a movement for the professionalization of teaching. This position is based primarily on the desire to modernize the educational system by reinforcing teaching skills, and it has spawned a whole series of reforms whose aim is to formalize teaching practices, to strengthen them on the basis of research results and to develop a code of responsible practices. Viewed from a critical perspective, this process of professionalization can be understood as being part of a wider process of state rationalization. Thus, the state increasingly demands that actors prove effective at all cost. This demand, however, does not take into account the reality of teaching, which is based in a large part on the uncertainty of action and of the values at stake. This dissertation attempts to analyze, from a critical view point, the conception of the relationship between research and practice underlying the professionalization movement, in order to offer an alternative conception - translation - that seems more appropriate in view of practical reality. In doing so, it reflects on the transformative role of language in processes of knowledge transfer. The "translation approach", which is the theoretical framework of our critical analysis, is informed by both the hermeneutic tradition and poststructuralist critique, and calls into question the notion that language is a transparent means for conveying thought and knowledge. In light of this framework, the thesis presents an empirical analysis (semiotic and discourse analysis) of the translation mechanisms that ensure the passage from the world of research to the world of teaching. Towards this end, various articles from the journal Vie pédagogique are submitted to a comparative analysis that focuses on the processes of translation at work in three central concepts of the professionalization movement – reflective practice, competence and collaboration – in order to highlight how the current framework of professionalization is reductive, totalizing, and how it denies the translational nature of language and of human activity. To conclude, the thesis offers a reconceptualization of teaching as translation and as an act of profession of faith.

Keyphrases: Profession, Teaching, Professionalization, Research and practice relationship, Educational research, Knowledge transfer, Translation, Deconstruction, Semiotics, Philosophy of language
Le défi de l’intégration de l’approche par compétences lors de la sélection : conception d’un test de jugement situationnel ciblant le rôle CanMEDS de collaborateur pour la sélection au niveau postdoctoral en médecine

Background: Competency-based training is well integrated into postgraduate medical education. A competency-based selection system would also be desirable. Primary objective: To develop a situational judgment test (SJT) targeting the CanMEDS Collaborator Role for the admission process in internal medicine (IM) and family medicine (FM) postgraduate training programs. Methods: Interviews using the critical incident technique were conducted with IM and FM residents in order to create items for the SJT. Three experts revised the content of the items. CanMEDS Collaborator Role key competencies, context and type of team members involved were analysed for each item. Answer key was determined by a panel of experts composed of 11 IM and FM physicians using a rate response format. Five absolute and partial credit scoring methods were compared. Results: Seven interviews were completed. After revision, 33 items were kept in the SJT. CanMEDS Collaborator Role key competencies, contexts and team members involved were well distributed over the items. Mean experts’ scores ranged from 43.4% to 75.6% with the different scoring methods. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the five scoring methods ranged between 0.80-0.98.  Conclusion: SJT targeting CanMEDS Framework Roles can help integrate competency-based selection into the postgraduate medical education admission process.

Keyphrases: Formation postdoctorale, CanMEDS competency framework, Medicine, Postgraduate training, Situational judgment test, Collaborator role
The Legitimacy of Prohibiting Euthanasia

John Arras argues against the legalization of physician- assisted suicide and active euthanasia on the basis of social costs that he anticipates will result from legalization. Arras believes that the legalization of highly restricted physician-assisted suicide will result in the legalization of active euthanasia without special restrictions, a prediction I grant for the sake of argument. Arras further anticipates that the practices of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia will be abused, so that many patients who engage in these practices will lose out as a result. He refers to these losses as social costs to legalization. But the social costs at play in typical public policy debates are borne by individuals other than the agent who engages in the controversial activity, specifically by people who cannot be held responsible for enduring those costs. Even if plausible interpretations of Arras’ predictions about the abuse of the practice are granted, legalization of physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia brings no social costs of this latter sort. For this reason, and also because a ban on euthanasia is unfair to those who would profit from it, the losses in utility brought about by legalization would have to be very great to justify a ban.

Keyphrases: physician-assisted suicide, physician-assisted death, euthanasia, slippery slope, paternalism
Beyond Doing Good: An Interview with Dr. Kirsten Johnson on the Canadian Disaster and Humanitarian Response Training Program

This text presents a synthesis of an interview with Dr. Kirsten Johnson, a Canadian physician fully engaged in training health professionals in humanitarian response and intervention. Dr. Johnson shows that simulation-based training is essential to the development of core humanitarian competencies and to the shaping of ethical attitudes as well. She stresses Canada’s duty to assure appropriate training of its health professionals before sending them out on humanitarian missions.

Keyphrases: éducation médicale, humanitarian response, medical education, simulation-based training, core humanitarian competencies, ethics
Écueils et objectifs partagés entre juristes et sociologues : réflexions sur le dialogue interdisciplinaire entre le droit et la sociologie

The objective of this paper is to present analytical and theoretical reflections on the interdisciplinary dialogue between law and sociology. The presentation of contradictions and shared interests between these two disciplines can contribute to interdisciplinary anthropology that focuses on the sometimes difficult “immigration” experienced by those who mobilize more than one academic field in their research. This paper is particularly addressed to those lawyers who start interdisciplinary dialogue within the discipline of sociology.

Keyphrases: Sociology of law, Interdisciplinarity, Law and sociology dialogue, Legal epistemology
Facteurs entravant la formation de relation amoureuse chez les individus ayant vécu un premier épisode psychotique

Background. Although many young adults with early psychosis desire to engage in a romantic relationship, many report having difficulties in engaging in such a relationship. However, almost no research has been conducted on factors potentially explaining impairments in their ability to form romantic relationships. Aim. To compare an early psychosis (EP) single young adult sample with single students or students in stable romantic relationships on factors that can cause difficulties in romantic relationship initiation processes. Methods. Cross-sectional study comparing these three groups (N= 83) on self-esteem, attachment, social functioning and perceived difficulties in dating. Results. No significant group differences were found on self-esteem, although lack of confidence was the second most frequent reason evoked by EP participants when asked why they were single. EP participants had greater attachment preoccupation than students involved in a relationship. Single EP individuals rated their social interaction abilities higher compared to single students, but did not engage in social interactions more often. Both single EP participants and single students had more negative perceptions of their intimacy abilities and fewer intimacy behaviours compared to participants involved in a relationship. Conclusions. Potential interventions to improve EP young adult’s capacity to engage in romantic relationships could target perception of their interaction skills, preoccupation about being loved, negative perception of their intimacy abilities, frequency of intimacy related behaviours and lack of confidence.

Keyphrases: Early psychosis, Romantic relationships, Intimacy, Self-esteem, Attachment, Social skills, Clinical psychology
L’implication des parents de jeunes contrevenants au sein du programme de suivi intensif différencié dans la communauté du Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire

This report presents a study on parental involvement, which took place during the course of an internship at “Centre jeunesse de Montreal-Institut universitaire” (CJM-IU). The main objective of this study aims to better understand the views of parents of young offenders about their involvement in the program of assertive differentiated in the community (SID program), which their teen was oriented. More specifically, this project aims to collect views of parents of young offenders about their involvement in the SID program of CJM-IU to encircle their expectations, identify their needs and know the effects that they live in the context of their involvement in this program. To achieve these objectives a qualitative exploratory research was preferred. Semi-structured interviews with five parents of juvenile offenders followed by the SID program were conducted. The analysis of data collected has helped identify general observations about parental involvement concerning the place of parents, their collaboration, the frequency of meetings, the development and implementation of the intervention plan, the characteristics of professionals, theirs concerns and questions. Then, the analysis of data collected has helped identify specific findings related to three themes studied whether theirs expectations, theirs needs and theirs experiences effects. Regarding their expectations, parents met had imagined participation in the program differently from their experience. About their needs, parents have met several needs including those to be informed, helped, supported and encouraged by professionals working within the SID program. As regards the effects experienced, parents report live positive effects including the fact to develop their knowledge about their adolescent, the functioning of society, the justice system and youth centers. They also report live negative effects such as anxiety, disappointment, suffering and many questioned. Some conclusions to improve the practice of parental involvement were issued for better equip professionals who work with young offenders. These conclusions correspond to intervention strategies and institutional stratégies to consider for increasing parental involvement into intervention programs for juvenile offenders in youth centers.

Keyphrases: centre jeunesse, parental involvement, youth center, intervention program, juvenile offenders
Pain Viewed from the Outside: A Response to Verpaelst

Pain is a subjective experience. Gaining insight from persons in pain into what it is to live with pain is important for clinicians, teachers and researchers. Being exposed to art created by persons in pain is one way to help understand these lived experiences.

Keyphrases: physiothérapie, perceptions, art, pain, physiotherapy, perceptions, pain education
Judging Culpability in Dwyer’s Climate Change “Gaia Commission”: A Response to Dwyer

This commentary examines the concepts “recklessness, negligence and indifference” in James Dwyer’s short story, “The Gaia Commission: Climate Change and Moral Responsibility.”

Keyphrases: culpabilité, bioethics, climate change, climate ethics, culpability, intergenerational justice, bioethics, climate change, climate ethics, culpability, intergenerational justice
SAND, un protocole de chiffrement symétrique incompressible à structure simple

We developed a new symmetric-key algorithm that is highly secure. Our algorithm is SPN-like but with two main particularities. First of all, we use very large random incompressible s-boxes. The input size of our s-boxes vary between 256 Kb and 32 Gb.Secondly, for the permutation part of the algorithm, we use a set of random linear functions chosen uniformly and randomly between every possible fonctions. The input of these functions is all the bits of the block of messages to encode. Our system has a very simple structure that guarantees that there are no trap doors in it.   We will explain how our algorithm is resistant to the known attacks, such as linear and differential cryptanalysis. It is also resistant to any attack based on a bias of the s-boxes to a simple function.

Keyphrases: Grande S-Boxe, symmetric cryptography, Kolmogorov's complexity, Substitution Permutation networks, Large s-boxes
Inhibition réversible et photomarquage de la transglutaminase tissulaire

Tissue transglutaminase is a calcium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the formation of isopeptide bonds between the side chains of glutamine and lysine residues, thereby resulting in the crosslinking of proteins in biological systems. It plays a role, among others, in endocytosis, the regulation of cell growth, and even in apoptosis. However, a deregulation of the biological activity of this enzyme can result in various pathologies, such as cataract formation, amyloid plaque formation in Alzheimer’s disease, or the development of celiac disease. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of this enzyme and the ability to regulate its action using inhibitors or substrates is necessary. In this context, a method of expression and purification of human transglutaminase has been developed, allowing one to work directly with the desired pharmacological target. In addition, a study of the mode of inhibition and binding mode of a reversible inhibitor class previously discovered in the group, the family of trans-cinnamoyl derivatives, revealed that the potency of these molecules is influenced by the presence of calcium and a time-dependent inhibition is observed, related to a putative slow conformational equilibrium of transglutaminase. On the other hand, the susceptibility of this class of molecules to nucleophilic attack by thiols greatly diminishes their pharmacological potential, and that is why a new family of molecules has been identified, based on a ynone skeleton, with a very promising IC50 value of 2.6 μM, making this molecule one of the best transglutaminase reversible inhibitors developed to date. Finally, a photolabelling strategy combined with a tandem mass spectrometry analysis has been developed for the discovery of the binding site of the lysine derivative substrate, in order to better understand the complex mechanism of this enzyme.

Keyphrases: Enzyme, Transglutaminase, Inhibition, Enzyme kinetic, Labelling
Quand les mouvements sociaux changent la politique. Le cas du mouvement étudiant de 2012 au Québec

Using the case of the 2012 student conflict in Québec, we show how social movements can temporarily transform politics. We define politics as the set of rules and individual and collective practices that regulate relations between actors regarding a community's government. We show three ways in which the 2012 student conflict transformed politics. Firstly, the six-month conflict created a new division around which politics reorganized itself. Secondly, political parties and student unions modified their daily practices, redefining their relationships and policies of alliance. Finally, the prolonged experience of mobilization transformed activists' relationship to politics by rearticulating the distinction between institutional and protest politics.

Keyphrases: Québec
Misogyny in Health Professions? An Analysis of the Dalhousie Dentistry Scandal

This commentary offers an explanation for how and why the Dalhousie Dentistry scandal could occur in a society and time where traditional gender roles are seemingly being eradicated. We use Foucault’s modes of objectification, applied to an analysis of the use of “manhood acts” and in relation to the hidden curriculum, to argue that when women threaten the authority of men in health professions, men may subconsciously look for ways to re-exert an unequal and gendered subject-object binary.

Keyphrases: misogynie, Foucault, Dalhousie Dentistry, misogyny, health professions, sexual objectification, manhood acts, hidden curriculum
La pratique de la contrepartie pour les personnes exclues du marché du travail : ici et ailleurs

The methods and practices of reciprocity in social assistance are compared in six OECD countries. The literature from English-speaking countries tends to talk about workfare while Continental European literature uses the concept of conditionality. The authors employ the term “reciprocity” as a generic concept encompassing all of the programs that include forms of conditionality for assistance, as opposed to the unconditional provision of assistance or benefits. The authors put forth an interpretation of these variations by comparing their results with the existing body of work in comparative politics on the development of the various types of welfare states. The development of reciprocity mechanisms, therefore, follows neither a single logic, nor a series of pre-mapped paths determined by existing institutions. To understand and evaluate current experiences and innovations, each case must be carefully examined, taking into account all the constraints, but also the opportunities, created by a new era in the development of the Welfare State.

Keyphrases: Workfare
Mieux estimer la consommation de substances illicites dans une communauté ; comment allier analyses des eaux usées et données traditionnelles

The development of wastewater analysis for purposes of estimating the consumption of illegal substances in the past decade is a promising technological advance. However, the intrinsic shortcomings of this new approach highlight the relevance of an integration with traditional epidemiological data in order to be able to estimate accurately the extent of consumption in specific populations and to monitor it. The objective of this work was to include wastewater analysis with other related data  in order to compare them and determine which indicators, or which combination of indicators, provide the best estimate of illicit substances in Lausanne. To do so, two aspects were studied; the order of importance of substances and temporal trends reported by the various indicators. In terms of order of importance of substances, some consistency between wastewater analysis and data from the three different surveys seemed to be established. However, there appears to be little correlation between the police data and other indicators, with the police data seemingly reflecting policing priorities over real illicit drug consumption. Regarding temporal trends, indicators reported seasonal patterns and trends during special events (festival and major sport event) somewhat different from wastewater analysis. Finally, a concrete example involving cocaine allowed an eloquent integration done with prevalence data from surveys in the general population. This integration seems to show an average annual estimate of cocaine use in the wastewater more than seven times greater than what can be extrapolated from surveys.

Keyphrases: illicit drugs, drug abuse, wastewater analysis, community consumption, epidemiological data, surveys, integration, forensic science
Étude éco-épidémiologique sur l’infection par Francisella tularensis au Québec

In Canada, Francisella tularensis, the zoonotic bacterial agent of tularemia, affects mostly snowshoe hares, muskrats and beavers. Despite numerous studies, knowledge of its ecological occurrence and natural reservoirs is limited. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of F. tularensis in snowshoe hares, muskrats and coyotes in four regions of Québec, Canada, and to describe the risk of infection in relation to individual host (age, sex and body condition) and environmental characteristics. Between October 2012 and April 2013, 345 snowshoe hares, 411 muskrats and 385 coyotes were captured by trappers. Ecological characteristics of the location of capture were extracted from geographical databases. Prevalence of antibodies against F. tularensis (microagglutination test) was 2.9% in coyotes, 0.6% in hares and 0% in muskrats. F. tularensis DNA was not detected by real-time PCR in the pools of liver, kidney, lung and spleen from muskrats and hares but F. tularensis type AI was detected during testing of individual organs of two seropositive hares. Exact logistic regression analyses showed that age was a significant risk factor for seropositivity of coyotes, as were the proportion of forest and the proportion of area considered suitable for hares in the environment around the location of capture of the coyotes. The results of this study suggest the presence of the terrestrial cycle of F. tularensis in the regions studied.

Keyphrases: Coyote, Francisella tularensis, PCR, Coyote, ecology, Francisella tularensis, geographic information system, microagglutination test, muskrat, prevalence, snowshoe hare, tularaemia