NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Étude comparative de la mémoire de source et des faux souvenirs dans la maladie d’Alzheimer et la maladie de Parkinson avec et sans démence

In the last years, there have been numerous studies on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease without dementia (PD) and with dementia (PDD), but differentiation of these patients based on their cognitive profile remains to be better understood. Indeed, clinical diagnosis remains difficult given that their neuropsychological deficits lack specificity. An explanation lies in the variability and overlap in terms of both clinical and neuroanatomical signs affecting similar brain regions/functions, which are those linked to medial temporal lobes (MTL)/Memory (MTL/Memory function) and to frontal lobes (FL)/Executive functions (FL/Executive function). However, a critical distinction lies in the relative integrity of both functions across AD, PD and PDD patients, which likely allows the capture of diagnosis-specific patterns of performance.  This thesis addresses the need to describe the cognitive deficits more precisely by using novel measures of source memory and false memory. In the next four chapters of this thesis, the mechanisms underlying these forms of memory will be described as well as specific patterns of performance in AD, PD and PDD in source memory and false memory and their link to MTL/Memory and FL/Executive dysfunction. In Chapter I, the relevance of studying source memory and false memory in AD, PD and PDD, is explained by describing their interaction with MTL/Memory and FL/Executive functions, both impaired in these diseases. In Chapter II, a first study found source memory deficits in PD patients but only on one of the tasks that were used. Also, despite impaired MTL/Memory and FL/Executive functions, only MTL/Memory function is linked to impaired source memory in PD. In Chapter III, a second study found abnormal false memory rates in AD patients while in PD and PDD patients, false memory rates are comparable to those of healthy controls. It is also reported that despite impaired FL/Executive functions in AD, PD and PDD patients FL/Executive function is only linked to an increase in false memory rates in AD patients. Finally, in the last Chapter (IV), results of this thesis as a whole are discussed in light of predictions and the current literature and future research perspectives are discussed.

Keyphrases: Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Source memory, False memory, Neuropsychology, Episodic memory, Executive functions
La congruence des valeurs : un facteur à considérer pour rehausser le leadership transformationnel et son efficacité ?

Theories underlying transformational leadership suggest that value congruence is at the heart of transformational leadership’s effectiveness. However, the examination of this proposition evokes certain questions. For example, it is pertinent to question the importance of the type (subjective or objective) and target (team, organization) of congruence considered, of the contents of values used to judge congruence, of the situational contingencies for the importance of congruence, and the role of leaders’ value congruence As such, to extend knowledge on the role of values with regards to transformational leadership, this thesis proposes three articles in which this role of values and their congruence is considered from three point of views. The data used in this thesis comes from a large Canadian organisation, and subsets of data are created to match each article’s objectives.  The first article concerns the link that a) managers’ values, b) the values they perceive in their organization, and c) the congruence of these values have with subordinates’ perception of managers’ transformational leadership behaviours. Results suggest that congruence has no link with transformational leadership, but that certain values at the personal and organizational level do present a link.  In the second article, the potential moderating role of subordinates’ person-organization value congruence in the relationship between transformational leadership and empowered behaviours is examined. Results show that value congruence can effectively moderate this relationship, and that the shape of this moderation can depend on employee tenure.  The third article presents the moderating role of values and their congruence in the relationship between transformational leadership and empowered behaviours at the team level. Results suggest that values and their congruence can moderate the impact of transformational leadership in teams. In general, the presence and congruence of five values, of seven tested, seems to enhance the relationship between transformational leadership and empowered behaviours. As such, this thesis, by adding considerations as to the questions that had been evoked by the examination of the theoretical proposition of the role of values and of their congruence in transformational leadership, permits an amelioration of the comprehension of this role. Specifically, this thesis’ results suggest that, globally, value congruence can be more important for the efficiency of transformational leadership when values considered are more important in one’s team, and when one has little experience in one’s organisation. Furthermore, as to leaders themselves, it appears that the presence of collective well-being and openness to change values is linked with the emission of transformational leadership behaviours.

Keyphrases: Transformational leadership, Empowered behaviours, Values, Value congruence, Leadership moderators
Influence des traits et troubles de personnalité sur l’intégration au travail de personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental grave

Although work is a central component of the recovery of individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI), studies have shown employment rates ranging from 10 to 20% among that population. Among different services aimed at integrating people with a SMI to the labour market, supported employment programs (SEP) are the most effective with 50 to 60% of their participants getting a competitive employment, without however offering job tenure. Several studies have investigated which factors impact job acquisition and tenure among that population but personality has never been considered, although it has been recognized as an important determinant of functioning. Furthermore, few questionnaires aiming at evaluating personality according to the Five-Factor Model of personality (FFM) have been used with a SMI population and those questionnaires have demonstrated psychometric properties that do not satisfy commonly accepted and recognized criteria.  This thesis focuses on the link between personality and work integration of people with a SMI. The first part aims at validating a personality questionnaire according to the FFM in order to achieve the objectives of the second part of the thesis. For this purpose, two samples were recruited: one of 259 university students and one of 141 people with a SMI. Confirmatory factor analyses led to the development of a new 15-item questionnaire (NEO-15) presenting with strong fit indices, internal consistency and convergent validity, which makes it well suited to measure normal personality in time-limited settings.  The second part of this thesis presents the results of a study conducted with 82 people with a SMI enrolled in a SEP and aiming at investigating which variables predict job acquisition and tenure, with a special focus on normal and pathological personality variables. Results from logistic regressions and Cox regressions (survival analyses) demonstrated that prior employment, negative symptoms and level of pathological personality were predictive of competitive employment acquisition and delay to such acquisition. Additional series of Cox regressions showed that tenure of a competitive job was only predicted by conscientiousness.  Although presenting some limits, restricted sample sizes in particular, our results demonstrate the relevance and the importance of considering normal and pathological personality in studies on work outcomes of people with a SMI. Furthermore, this thesis revealed the suitability of a new personality questionnaire to the SMI population. Future directions regarding the work integration and treatment of people with SMI considering these results are discussed.

Keyphrases: NEO-15, Big Five, Solution factorielle, Five-Factor Personality Model, NEO personality inventory, Severe mental illness, Factor structure, Personality, Work outcomes, Supported employment, Survival analyses
Réactions des bébés au chant et à la parole : impacts sur l’attention et l’affect

Parents throughout the world sing and speak to infants. These two classes of vocalization to pre-verbal infants have various similarities as well as differences, but their consequences on infant listeners are poorly understood. The goal of this thesis was to document the relative efficacy of singing and speech for capturing infants’ attention over short periods (Study 1) and for regulating infant affect or maintaining their composure over extended periods (Study 2). The first study explored infants’ attention to unfamiliar audio samples of speech and singing. In Experiment 1, infants 4 to 13 months of age were exposed to happy-sounding infant-directed speech and to hummed lullabies by the same woman. They listened significantly longer to the speech stimuli, which had considerably greater acoustic variability and expressiveness, than to the lullabies. In Experiment 2, infants of comparable age did not exhibit differential listening to the spoken lyrics of a Turkish children’s song or to sung version, both of which featured a joyful/happy manner. Infants in Experiment 3 who heard the happily sung lyrics of the children’s song and a spoken version in an adult-directed or affectively neutral manner listened significantly longer to the sung version. Overall, happy voice quality rather than vocal mode (speech or singing) was the principal contributor to infant attention, regardless of age.  In the second study, infant affect regulation was explored by means of exposure to unfamiliar audio samples of speech and singing. Infants were exposed to singing or speech until they met a criterion of distress based on negative facial expression. In Experiment 1, infants 7 to 10 months of age listened to scripted recordings of infant-directed speech, adult-directed speech, or singing in an unfamiliar language (Turkish). They listened to singing for roughly twice as long as speech before meeting the distress criterion. In Experiment 2, infants were exposed to natural recordings of infant-directed speech or singing in a familiar language. As in Experiment 1, infant-directed singing was considerably more effective than speech for delaying the onset of distress. The temporal patterning of singing, with notably its regular beat, stable tempo, and repetition may play an important role in affective regulation, perhaps by sustaining attention, enhancing familiarity or promoting predictive listening and entrainment. In sum, the present studies reveal, for the first time, that singing is a powerful parenting tool, as effective as speech in capturing infant attention and more effective than speech in maintaining infants’ composure. The findings indicate the utility of singing in everyday life and the potential utility of singing in a variety of therapeutic contexts involving infants.

Keyphrases: Affect, Attention, Infants, Music, Language, Singing, Speech, Emotion, Affective regulation
Étude exploratoire des transitions de milieux de vie en communauté des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle

This exploratory study provides a portrait of community living transitions in rehabilitation centers for intellectual disabilities and pervasive developmental disorders (CRDITED) in the greater Montreal region. It identifies: 1) the practices of community living transitions in CRDITED, 2) the success criteria of the community living transitions and ways to evaluate them according to people with intellectual disabilities and educators, and 3) the difference between the desired practices and current practices from the viewpoint of both respondents. People with intellectual disabilities (N = 9) and educators (N = 19) spoke about their experiences of community living transitions in group interviews. Qualitative content analysis has identified a typology of community living transitions from the educators’ point of view. One out the five types of transitions offers favorable conditions for a transition under satisfactory criteria for educators (prepared). Other types of transitions (last minute, explosive, turnkey, waiting room) offer little opportunity for the person with intellectual disabilities to get involved in the transition process. Educators identify characteristics of an ideal community living transition (as if it was me). All types of transitions are compared with each other based on transition steps and on the involvement level of the person with intellectual disabilities. A difference between the currently performed transitions and policy intentions and commitments was identified, particularly with regard to the involvement of the person in decisions on its own community living transition. The study also identified three important transition success dimensions from the perspective of both respondents: psychological well-being and behavior, physical health, and collaboration. The results disclose that there is sometimes a paradox in community living transition success perceptions between educators and people with intellectual disabilities. Interpretation of the results helped develop recommendations to promote better community living transition practices.

Keyphrases: Community living transitions, Intellectual disability, Group interview, Self-determination, Typology, Success criteria
Représentations et fusion des algèbres de Temperley-Lieb originale et diluée

The original Temperley-Lieb algebra, also called regular, appears in numerous integrable statistical models on two dimensional lattices: the Ising model, the Potts model, the dimers model, the Fortuin-Kasteleyn model, etc. The Hilbert space of the corresponding quantum hamiltonian is then a module over this algebra; its representation theory can be used to split this space in a direct sum of smaller spaces, and thus block diagonalize the corresponding quantum model. The dilute Temperley-Lieb algebra plays a similar role for dilute models, for instance those where lattice sites can be empty; its representation theory thus plays a similar role for these models. However, doing this requires a detailled knowledge of its modules and their structure; the first paper presents a complete list of the projective indecomposable modules for the dilute Temperley-Lieb algebra and a second constructs a complete set of indecomposable modules for both the regular and dilute algebras. In both articles the structure of the modules are exposed through their composition factors and homomorphism groups.  The fusion product on the original Temperley-Lieb algebra defines how two modules can be «multiplied» together to obtain a module. It has been shown in some cases that this product can be used to simplify the block diagonalization of quantum hamiltonians, and some speculate that it could be used to determine the continuum limit of the models. A third paper defines a straightforward generalization of this product for the dilute algebra, then introduces an efficient way of computing it. It then calculates this product for the most common classes of indecomposable modules for both the original and dilute algebras; this fills a hole in the known fusion rules for the original algebra that were left out of previous calculations.  Finally, it happens that the Temperley-Lieb algebras can be grouped together in a braided monoidal category, whose structure is compatible with the fusion product described above. The fourth article builds explicitly this braiding, both for the Temperley-Lieb category, and for its module category. It also shows how this braiding can be used to obtain solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation, which can then be used to build integrable lattice models.

Keyphrases: Temperley-Lieb algebra, dilute Temperley-Lieb algebra, associative algebra, indecomposable modules, fusion product, fusion rules, braided category, conformal field theory, integrable model, Auslander-Reiten theory
La démocratie et ses institutions : comment les institutions perçoivent et transforment les questions de politiques publiques

This thesis focuses on the philosophical foundations of the Canadian democratic institutions and how their actual design contributes to achieve them. To move from theory to practice, democracy must be institutionalized. Institutions are not only mere constraints on government actions. They embody democratic norms. However, contemporary democratic theories are often abstract and disembodied. While they study the normative foundations of democracy in general, they rarely reflect on mechanisms to achieve the democratic ideal. On the opposite, political science tries to draw the whole institutional landscape surrounding the state’s action. But the political science approach has a major weakness: it offers no epistemological or moral justifications for democratic institutions. This dichotomy between principles and institutions is misleading. The principles of liberal democracy are embodied by institutions. By focusing on the philosophical foundations of democratic and liberal institutions, this thesis revives a long tradition from Aristotle to John Stuart Mill, bringing together thinkers like Montesquieu and James Madison. Nowadays, academic research still diverts from institutional issues under the pretext that they would not be philosophical enough. However, institutional design is a philosophical matter. This thesis proposes improvements for democratic institutions to fulfill their philosophical role more adequately. Physician-assisted suicide is used as an example of the influence of institutions on democracy.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Democracy, Political institutions, Institutional design, Public policy analysis, Assisted suicide
L’influence de l’aménagement linguistique sur l'orientation des travaux de terminologie à l’Office québécois de la langue française (1961-2004)

Terminology, as practiced in Québec for the past fifty years, has been part of a language-planning project to make French the common language of communication throughout the province. The implementation of the project was entrusted to the Office québécois de la langue française. This thesis looks at how language planning and policies have influenced the practice of the terminology at the Office québécois de la langue française from 1961 to 2004.  The main objective is to demonstrate that the language-planning project generated intense terminology activity as a result of the language laws adopted over the past fifty years. The analysis focuses more specifically on the impact of this legislation on the development of the practice of terminology. Six periods are identified for the purpose of characterizing the terminology work done by the Office québécois de la langue française from 1961 to 2004. For each of the six periods, the legislated mandates of the Office and their repercussions on its terminology operations are analyzed. Like the situation described at the beginning of this thesis, the research findings show the links between the practice of terminology and Québec’s social policy in defence of the French language. In fact, the language legislation fostered developments in the practice of the terminology. This practice and the terminology work method developed by the Office québécois de la langue française were honed according to the various mandates assigned to the Office. Québec’s language policy provided a framework in which terminology developed and became a key instrument for the province’s language-planning project.

Keyphrases: Office québécois de la langue française, language-planning project, language policy, terminology, Office québécois de la langue française, language legislation, terminology work methods
Algorithmes de construction et correction d'arbres de gènes par la réconciliation

Genes encode the biological functions of all living organisms and are the basic molecular units of heredity. In order to explain the diversity of species that can be observed today,  it is essential to understand how genes evolve. To do this, the past has to be recreated by inferring their phylogeny, i.e. a gene tree depicting the parental relationships between  the coding regions of living beings. Traditional phylogenetic inference methods have been developed primarily to construct species trees  and are solely based on DNA sequences. Genes, however, are rich in information and only a few known   reconstruction methods make usage of their specific properties. In particular, the history of a gene family in terms of duplications and losses,  obtained by the reconciliation of a gene tree with a tree species, may allow us to detect weaknesses in a tree and improve it. In this thesis, reconciliation is applied to the construction and correction of gene trees from three different angles:  1) We address the problem of resolving a non-binary gene tree. In particular, we present a linear time algorithm that solves a polytomy based on reconciliation.  2) We propose a new gene tree correction approach based on orthology and paralogy relations. Polynomial-time algorithms are presented for the following problems: modify a gene tree so that it contains a given set of orthologous genes,  and validate a set of partial orthology and paralogy relations.  3) We show how reconciliation can be used to "combine'' multiple gene trees. Specifically, we study the problem of choosing a gene supertree based on its reconciliation cost.

Keyphrases: duplication, gene trees, species tree, reconciliation, polytomy, duplication, orthology, paralogy, supertree