NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Évaluation des aspects nutritionnels du programme « Nutrition-Action » ciblant des personnes âgées en perte d’autonomie et vivant à domicile

Introduction: Nutrition education offered to seniors can improve their knowledge and eating habits. This study is part of the ‘Nutrition-Action’ (NA) project designed to promote the basics of healthy eating and physical activity in elderly living at home and with reduced mobility. Objectives: 1) Develop and present two educational workshops on specific nutritional concepts; 2) Develop tools for data collection; 3) Teach nutrition concepts in the form of a continuous exchange between the student and participants; 4) Assess the impact of workshops on nutritional concepts to convey the basics of a balanced diet and adequate health problems generally affecting seniors. Subjects: Thirty-nine elderly participants in the project NA have been targeted. Methodology: Participants attended seven educational sessions on nutrition. In participatory workshops, nutritional solutions have been proposed to overcome some health problems. A snack and a recipe, supporting the theme of the meeting were offered to participants after the educational session. A questionnaire collecting sociodemographic characteristics, health and food habits was administered to participants before the start of the intervention. The same questionnaire, enhanced along the way by additional questions, has been administered a second time at the end of the intervention. Results: The mean age of participants was 80.0 ± 7.7 years and the majority were women (84.6%). A significant change in dietary habits of participants in terms of adding salt at the table and the monotony of the diet was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study could establish the factors supporting the development of educational interventions targeting nutritional PA. A better understanding of these factors contributes to changing eating habits of seniors.

Keyphrases: Nutrition, Educative Intervention, elderly, loss of autonomy
L’histoire au service de la politique : la chronique de Pierre de Langtoft et les tensions socio-culturelles en Angleterre fin XIIIe, début XIVe siècle

At the end of the thirteenth and the begining of the fourtheenth century, Edward I (1239-1307), conqueror of Wales and Scotland, seems to have been in perpetual conflict with Scotland, France and Wales. Those conflicts put him in great need of funding. At that time, the Parliament was already an important institution in England that Edward I had to convince to grant him the taxation he was asking for. This was complication by the fact that socio-culturals tensions inherited from the conquest of 1066 were complicating a lot the task of the king whos was in need of a solution for uniting the whole English society against his enemies. The king whas also in conflict with some of his subjects. This was the case of Anthony Bek the bishop palatine of Durham who was in danger of loosing his privileges and liberties. Searching a reconciliation with the king, Bek asked Peter of Langtoft a monk from northern England to write a chronicle in which he would preach the union of the whole English society against the enemy of Edward I. This memoir will study how Peter of Langtoft in his chronicle calumny the king’s enemies, specialy the Scots and how he used history to preach the union of all the english society against the king’s enemies.

Keyphrases: XIIIe siècle, Thirteenth century, Fourtheenth century, England, Scotland, Peter of Langtoft, Edward I, Anthony Bek, Socio-cultural tensions, Merlin’s prophecies, Arthurian’s legends
Tracés de Proust, itinéraires maternels : la grand-mère dans « À la recherche du temps perdu »

According to Proust, the only true work is one translated from lost impressions, still sustained in our memory of senses. Characters enter the text of the Recherche by hitting the hero's sensibility. However, the grandmother, toujours déjà là (always already there) like the mother, belongs to a reality that has never imprinted itself, a reality that is anterior both to the narrator's consciousness and to the text. Nevertheless, the grandmother is a mother who ages and dies. Then only she appears to the narrator, but in reverse direction to the general introduction of alterity. She must become another woman, old, unknown, and indefinite in her gesture towards death in order for the text to give her back a « first impression ». It is precisely in this distance - which is also an itinerary - between the immediacy from the beginning and this first impression, that the grandmother's specificity approaches what Proust would call a neuralgia of his text. In order to become an object for literary style, the mother must bend (se plier) to the writer's stroke. Yet, the mother character, as it is elaborated in the Recherche, seems to resist this bend. The grandmother character allows Proust to express the reality of the mother's decay and death, a mother made malleable by the hand of a son becoming a writer.

Keyphrases: Grandmother, In Search of Lost Time, Marcel Proust, Marcel Proust, Maternal construct, Mother, Itinerary, Gap, Stroke, Death
La dialectique pluralisme religieux/incertitude religieuse dans la pensée de Peter L. Berger : analyse conceptuelle et essai critique

The dialectic religious pluralism/religious uncertainty, with which deals this dissertation, reveals itself as a major theme in Peter L. Berger’s thought, in sociology of religion and in protestant theology. A systematic and detailed analysis of the key concepts which constitute that dialectic leads to the question of the relationship between sociology and theology, which has been confronted by Berger himself. It is at the time Berger studied that question from the point of view of the idea of the protestant principle, during the late sixties, that he solved it by a kind of ‘wedding’ between his  approach in the sociology of knowledge and his liberal theological approach. Concepts as ‘inductive faith and theology’, ‘middle position between fundamentalism and relativism’, seem to emerge both from that dialectic and from that ‘wedding’.  Nevertheless, while that dialectic can be retraced in Berger’s thought since his earlier works, the defence of a theological via media applied to all religions, appears to be the consequence of his rejection (since 1967), of his earlier theological stance deployed from the neo-orthodox approach. In that stance, the bergerian dialectic was applied to all religions but not to the Christian faith, thought in terms of certainty.  But, a critical analysis of Berger’s thought allows one to identify some problems at least at three levels: the level of his concept of religion which evidentiates an ambiguity ;  the level of the relationship between sociology and theology which reveals a liberal bias and a lack of specific religious content for the protestant principle; and finally, the level of his critique of the contemporary religious certainty impulses; a critique whose base on his dialectic can be questioned by some examples of different conceptions of religion and of religious certainty.  About those three levels, the example of the conception of religious certainty by the Evangelical Protestants allows at least a draft of that questioning. It deploys a supernatural conception of the religious certainty, especially by the notion of « assurance of salvation », based on strong adherence and confidence in the traditional contents of the Christian faith. While the arguments of that conception can be subjected to questions, they seem enough relevant since the contemporary vitality of religion at the pluralistic era (cf. Evangelical Protestantism in U.S.A for example) constitutes an indication that the empirical validity of the bergerian dialectic, and of the critique based on it, is largely problematic if one takes into account the self-understanding of the religious groups themselves.

Keyphrases: Religious pluralism, Religious certainty, Assurance of salvation, Sociology of knowledge, Liberal theology, Inductive theology, Protestant principle, Institutions fortes, Strong institutions, Weak institutions, Contamination cognitive, Cognitive contamination
Atténuation de la dépression post-infarctus par une diète
riche en oméga-3 ou par la prise de probiotiques

Proinflammatory cytokines play a central role in depressive-like behavior and apoptosis in the limbic system after myocardial infarction (MI). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) omega-3 diet or the combination of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 probiotics, when given before ischemic period, reduce circulating proinflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis in the limbic system. This study was designed to determine if the same nutritional interventions maintain their beneficial effects when started after the onset of the reperfusion period and attenuate depressive-like behavior. MI was induced by the occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 40 minutes in rats. After the onset of reperfusion, animals were fed with a high or low PUFA omega-3 diet, combined or not with 1 billion live bacteria of L. helveticus R0052 and B. longum R0175. At 3 days post-MI, caspase-3 enzymatic activities and terminal dUTP nickend labelling (TUNEL)-positive cells were decreased in the CA1, dentate gyrus and amygdala with the high PUFA omega-3 diet as compared to the other diet. Probiotics attenuated caspase-3 activity and TUNEL-positive cells in the dentate gyrus and the medial amygdala. At 2 weeks post-MI, depressive-like behaviour, evaluated by 3 behavioural tests (social interaction, passive avoidance and forced swim test), was observed in the low PUFA omega-3 diet without probiotics and this behavior was attenuated with the high PUFA omega-3 diet or/and probiotics. Probiotics increased interleukin-4 plasmatic concentrations while high PUFA omega-3 diet decreased monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). These results indicate that a high PUFA omega-3 diet or the administration of probiotics, starting iii after the onset of reperfusion, are beneficial to attenuate post-MI depression and apoptosis in the limbic system.

Keyphrases: cytokines, Omega-3, probiotics, myocardial infarction, depression, apoptosis, cytokines
Les effets du régime des services essentiels sur la négociation collective : études de cas dans les secteurs du transport en commun et de la santé et des services sociaux

In Québec, collective bargaining in the public sector is to follow the rules established by the Labour Code (L.R.Q. C.-27). Certain sectors, providing essential services such as the public transit sector and the health and social services sector have additional rules. Those rules are referred to as the essential services legislation. Negotiations occurring within this structure have noticeable differences - the exclusion of political considerations, on the one hand, and the lack of a replacement for public services for the public, on the other hand – that distinguishes them from the more common framework of collective bargaining established by the Labor Code for other sectors of activity (Bergeron et Paquet, 2006).   We ask the question: what are the impacts of the essentials services legislation on collective bargaining? For this research project, we have analysed the impact of the essential services legislation (rules by the Labor Code and decisions rendered by the Essential services board) on different aspects of collective bargaining: 1) mobilization, 2) power bargaining, 3) pressure tactics, 4) flow of negotiation, 5) work stoppage, 6) results of collective bargaining and 7) work climat.  We carried out two case studies in order to study the atypical negotiations in our industrial relations system. The first study was in the public transit sector and the second in the health and social services sector. The results demonstrate that the essential services legislation influences collective bargaining. But the additional constraints in the social services sector do not seem to influence, on a larger scale, the collective bargaining for that sector of activity.

Keyphrases: Collective bargaining, Essential Services, Right to strike, Labor code, Public transit sector, health and social services sector
Le recours à des mesures restrictives du commerce international par l’État canadien comme moyen de lutte contre le travail dangereux des enfants

This thesis focuses on Canada’s use of restrictive trade measures to fight against hazardous child labour, in the context of the implementation of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (No. 182). Canada’s capacity to impose such measures in instances of hazardous child labour is analyzed primarily from the legal standpoint of the World Trade Organization (WTO), though the focus of this study is limited to the application of ILO Convention No. 182. In addition, this thesis aims to assess the appropriateness of such restrictive trade measures by discussing their potential consequences for working children.  The first part of the thesis deals with the legality of prospective trade sanctions imposed by Canada to make a WTO trading partner comply with ILO Convention No. 182. The legality of these sanctions is discussed according to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) general rules as well as general exceptions. With regard to the general rules, our analysis focuses in particular on Article III, which pertains to national treatment. Once the illicitness of restrictive trade measures with respect to Article III of GATT is demonstrated, we turn to Article XX of this agreement as the only means to justify the measures. Specifically, we concentrate on the exceptions presented in Article XX related to the protection of public morals and the protection of life and human health. The notion of public morality is actualized within the Canadian national context. The thesis analyses the conditions limiting the use of Article XX’s relevant exceptions, including the "necessity" test and compliance with the rules of international law on state jurisdiction. Moreover, this study focuses on the rules related to the application of trade restrictive measures presented in Article XX’s chapeau.   The second part of the thesis focuses on the appropriateness of using trade restrictions and their potential impact on the children whose protection is sought. The research consists in a case study on flower production in Ecuador, a sector characterized by the presence of children working under hazardous conditions and involved in producing goods for export. This sector has not yet been the target of commercial sanctions. Therefore, our research speculates on the effects of hypothetical sanctions and is exploratory in nature. The aim is not to reach firm conclusions about the effects of sanctions, but rather to identify the potentially beneficial or harmful effects that restrictive trade measures might have on exploited children, as well as to assess the potential contribution of such measures in solving the problem.

Keyphrases: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), Social clause, Labour law, International aw, International trade law, International economic law, Trade restrictive measures, International Labour Organization (ILO), World Trade Organization (WTO), Hazardous child labour
Caractéristiques personnelles, traitement et récidive chez les adolescents agresseurs sexuels

The objective of this study was to determine, among a sample of adolescent sexual offenders from Quebec, which personal and family characteristics before treatment and which therapeutic characteristics during treatment are associated with violent and general recidivism. One hundred and forty (140) juvenile sexual offenders who had committed at least one child sexual abuse offence and participated in a specialised treatment program were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 15 years. (σ =1,5) Recidivism data was collected after an average follow-up period of five years and comes from official sources, namely from Youth Division records and the RCMP’s Finger Print System. In total, 37% (n=52) of subjects committed criminal offences again, of which 3% were sexual offences, 11% were violent offences and 23% were general offences. The results of the study suggest that certain personal characteristics before treatment are associated with violent and general recidivism. Using negative emotions as a coping strategy in stressful situations increases the risk of violent recidivism, whereas showing more symptoms in relation to a traumatism and having a high score on the self esteem scale good athletic skills increase the risk of general recidivism. No characteristic during treatment could predict violent and general recidivism, although some of these characteristics were associated with a decreased risk of these types of recidivism. The conclusions of this study show that a high proportion of adolescent sexual offenders will pursue a general criminal career rather than specialize in sexual crime.

Keyphrases: Sexual assault, Personnal caracteristics, Treatment, Recidivism
L'éthique dans la philosophie politique de Georges Sorel

Contemporary political philosophy is fraught with a history still to be discharged, as much as last century’s “European civil war” forced its concealing. In this masters thesis, we seize Georges Sorel, figurehead of the 1900s revolutionary syndicalism, as an archetypical figure of what is “in remaining” of this history. Archetype not only of the way in which popular theorists can be easily forgotten by the force of history, but also archetype of these forces themselves, as Sorel is considered by intellectual history as the thinker having set up the bridge between extreme left and extreme right. This master does not directly intend to attribute to Sorel the “paternity of fascism”, or to exonerate him. It rather develops a deconstruction of its principal ideas from an essentially philosophical standpoint, method virtually unprecedented. More precisely, our work consists to extricate Sorel’s definition of ethics, whereas his major theoretical gesture appears like a reduction of politics to ethics.  To do so, we mobilize contemporary philosophy, especially Gilles Deleuze and Giorgio Agamben, because of their strong theoretical affinities with Sorel, particularly in their definition of ethics.

Keyphrases: Political philosophy, Georges Sorel, Georges Sorel, Ethics, Giorgio Agamben, Giorgio Agamben, Syndicalism, Fascism, Anarchy, Myth, Gilles Deleuze, Gilles Deleuze
Développement d’outils pour l’analyse de données de ChIP-seq et l’identification
des facteurs de transcription

ChIP-seq is a technology combining the chromatin immunoprecipitation method with high-throughput sequencing and allowing the analysis of transcription factors in vivo on a genome wide scale. The treatment of such amount of data generated by this method requires strong computer resources and new tools have been recently developed. Though this proliferation of software performing only one step of the analyze leads to compatibility problems and complicates the analysis. Thus, there is a real need for an integrated, powerful and flexible pipeline for motifs identification. Here we proposed a complete pipeline for the analysis of ChIP-seq data freely available in R and composed of three R packages PICS, rGADEM and MotIV. Analyzing four data sets for the human transcription factors CTCF, STAT1, FOXA1 and ER we demonstrated the efficiency of or pipeline and highlighted its new features, especially concerning the processing of the results by MotIV that led to the identification of motif not detected by other methods.

Keyphrases: Régulation, ChIP-seq, Genetics, Regulation, Transcription Factors, ChIP-seq
Propriétés optiques et analytiques des nanotrous : vers la conception de biocapteurs en résonance des plasmons de surface localisés

Biosensors are used daily to determine the presence of biomolecules in a complex matrix, like urine for pregnancy test or blood with a glucometer. The usual biodetection methods require the addition of a tag on the analyte, which is to be avoided to design a simple analytical method. The objective of this work is to maximize the sensitivity of a gold or silver nanohole arrays to detect the biomolecules liaisons close to the metal surface by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in transmission spectroscopy. A portable and effective biosensor to quantify analytes could be built based on this work, without a tagging step. To achieve the objective of evaluating numerous configurations for maximal sensitivity, the time and cost of the usual nanostructures fabrication methods would have limited the number of nanohole arrays in metal surface that could have been studied in this project. This fact motivated another objective of this project, the development of a fast and low cost fabrication method for nanohole arrays using nanospheres lithography (NSL) followed by reactive ions etching (RIE). The plasmon sensitivity and wavelength excitation are influenced by the nanohole arrays characteristics. In the work presented here, the chemical composition of the metal surface, the diameter and the periodicity of the nanohole arrays are shown to the influence the LSPR bands. The transmission maximum and minimum position of some LSPR bands are sensitive to refractive index change, which can be exploited in a biosensor format to detect biomolecules. The optimization of these nanohole arrays characteristics allows the maximization of this sensitivity to build a biosensor. The best index refraction sensitive results were with silver surfaces, with nanohole diameters smaller than 200 nm for a periodicity of 450 nm and the nanoholes with a periodicity of 650 nm show a potential for an increased sensitivity.

Keyphrases: Or, Nanosphere lithography, Oxygen plasma etching, Gold, Silver, Sensibility to refractive index, Diameter, Periodicity
Caractérisation de l'état hypercoagulable associé à l'hyperadrénocorticisme chez le chien

The purpose of this study was to use thrombelastography (TEG®) and thrombin generation (TG) to evaluate coagulation in healthy beagles receiving oral prednisone as well as client-owned dogs diagnosed with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC).Six healthy adult beagles were used in a prospective ongitudinal study whereby all dogs received 1 mg/kg of prednisone orally once daily for two weeks, followed by a 6-week washout period and then 4 mg/kg of prednisone orally once daily for two weeks. TEG® tracings and TG measurements were obtained at baseline, at the end of the washout period and at the end of both corticosteroid trials. Significant results as compared to baseline were obtained for clot kinetics (K), alpha angle (α)and maximum amplitude (MA), with tracings compatible with a hypercoagulable profile following both corticosteroid trials. Thrombin generation resulted in a significant increase in endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) after the 1 mg/kg/day trial only. Secondly, sixteen dogs affected by HAC were evaluated. Fifteen dogs were evaluated by TEG® and 15 dogs were evaluated by TG before treatment and compared to the normal reference values. For the TEG® analysis, 12/15 dogs had at least one parameter that suggested hypercoagulability. A paired t test for values with unequal variance was used to compare the HAC dogs to the healthy dogs and found that HAC dogs have hypercoagulable TEG® tracings. The same results were found when TG was used with the ETP elevated in the HAC dogs. However, when dogs were evaluated individually, only 4/15 had hypercoagulable TG results.

Keyphrases: Hypercoagulable, Prednisone, Cushing, Coagulation, Canine, Hyperadrenocorticism, Thrombelastography, Thrombin generation, Hypercoagulable, Prednisone, Cushing, Coagulation, Canine