NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Anomalies de la tolérance au glucose chez les patients atteints de fibrose kystique Nouveaux facteurs de risque

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects several organs including the pancreas, liver, and lungs. It is expressed by an accumulation of viscous mucus which will cause an impairment of the functions of these organs. Scientific advances have improved the condition of life and significantly increased the life expectancy of patients with CF. This improved life expectancy of CF patients is associated with the onset of glucose tolerance abnormalities before the onset of CF-associated diabetes (CFRD). CFRD has similarities with type 1 diabetes [T1D] (low body weight, low insulin secretion) and type 2 diabetes [T2D] (glucose intolerance, abnormal insulin sensitivity), but it is specific for its causes and consequences. CFRD is associated with an increased risk of weight loss, reduced lung function and early mortality and affects 50% of adult patients. The main cause of this diabetes is described as a reduced and delayed insulin secretion. The risk factors leading to the development of CFRD and the consequences of its appearance are not well understood. The diet (rich in lipids and energy) recommended in CF, that aims at maintaining an adequate body weight, could be responsible for the accumulation of ectopic fat, insulin resistance, fatty liver and abnormalities of the lipid balance reported in FK. For patients without CF these anomalies are associated with the development of T2D. Objective: The aim of this thesis work was to identify new risk factors for abnormal glucose tolerance in a population of adults with CF. Method: For this we have i) observed the evolution of insulin secretion in elderly CF patients; ii) identified the association between liver enzymes and the prevalence of CFRD; iii) studied the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adult CF patients and the association with the risk of developing CFRD. Results: Our results have shown that adult CF patients have impaired insulin secretion, but it has not degraded further over a decade. However, over the same period, patients become more resistant to insulin. We have highlighted a relationship between the high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme level and the prevalence of CFRD. Finally, we have shown the existence of a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in CF but these anomalies are not associated with the occurrence of CFRD. Conclusion: This work has made possible to better understand the association between different risk factors linked to glucose tolerance abnormalities in adult CF patients. We have identified a mechanism and a possible biomarker, ALT hepatic enzyme, of CFRD in adult CF patients. These data may provide a relevant rationale for the pursuit of other clinical studies in order to improve the quality of life of patients with CF.

Keyphrases: Triglycérides, Cystic fibrosis, Diabetes, CFRD, Insulin, Insulin resistance, Dyslipidemia, Liver enzymes, Steatosis
Étude du rôle des miARN dans les pathologies vasculaires de l'oeil

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide affecting individuals over the age of 60. The neovascular form (NV AMD) is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and is responsible for the majority of central vision impairment. Unfortunately, diagnostic of AMD can only be done after symptoms have appeared and loss of visual field occurred. Recently, there is a growing interest in microRNAs (miRNAs) for their eventual use in the development of new biomarkers or new therapeutic strategies. Our hypothesis is that wet AMD is associated with specific signature of several miRNAs that can be used as biomarkers for the disease. These miRNAs can be harnessed for therapeutic interventions.  Our first objective was to identify a specific signature of miRNAs for wet AMD by using non-biased microRNA arrays and individual TaqMan qPCRs. We profiled miRNAs in the vitreous humour and plasma of patients with NV AMD. We identified a disease-associated increase in miR-146a and a decrease in miR-106b and miR-152 in the vitreous humour, which was reproducible in plasma. Moreover, miR-146a/miR-106b ratios discriminated patients with NV AMD with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of 0,977 in vitreous humour and 0,915 in plasma, suggesting potential for a blood-based diagnostic. Furthermore, using the AGC and IPA database, we mapped a NV AMD-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs1063320) in a binding site for miR-152-3p in the HLA-G gene.   Our second objective was to explore the therapeutic potential of a specific miRNA (identified in objective 1). First, we explored the expression levels of miR-146a, miR-106b and miR-152 in the laser burn mouse model. We demonstrated that levels of miR-106b were significantly decreased in this mouse model of CNV.  We divided this objective in two parts: Part A, explore mechanisms causing miR-106b downregulation and part B, study the therapeutic potential of miR-106b on the inhibition of angiogenesis and CNV formation. First, we showed that expression of the miR-106b-25 cluster is negatively regulated by the ER stress pathway of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) and a reduction in levels of MCM7, the host gene of miR-106b. �����Second, we demonstrated that therapeutic delivery of miR-106b to the retina with lentiviral vectors protects against aberrant retinal neovascularization in two distinct mouse models of pathological neo-vascularization. Results from this study suggest that miRNAs, such as miR-106b, have the potential to be used as multitarget therapeutics for conditions characterized by aberrant retinal neovascularization.

Keyphrases: miR-106b, AMD, microRNA, Biomarkers, CNV, PERK
Psychologie empirique et métaphysique : la raison pure comme Dichtungsvermögen

There is no doubt that Kant borrows from empirical psychology a certain amount of technical terms in order to enumerate the faculties of the soul, but also to describe the mistakes of dogmatic metaphysics. I am thinking here of the faculty to invent (facultas fingendi, Dichtungsvermögen). For instance, in the courses on empirical psychology (Herder) of the early 1760’s, we find allusions to the well known sensible faculty of invention, but also to an “intellectual” faculty of invention, which is not to be found in Baumgarten. Kant gives here the example of the concept of spirit (Geist), this nonphenomenal object obtained through a fiction by “separation”, applied to the empirical concept of soul (Seele). This will be the source of the illusion in the Paralogisms. In fact, the whole of special metaphysics relies on a pure reason that produces fictions. Interestingly enough, a passage from the A Deduction (A96) confirms the point I try to make here.

Keyphrases: Kant, Herder, Fiction, Illusion, Empirical psychology, Spirit
La philosophie kantienne de l’histoire et la ruse des Lumières

The commentators have rightly pointed out that there is a sudden change or break in the argumentation of Kant’s text on history of 1784. That is: if the first five Propositions describe human history in naturalistic terms, whereby it is on the basis of sheer egoism that the individuals are led to enter the civil state, the sixth Proposition argues for its part that the ultimate condition for the implementation of a just juridical order is the accession to power of a morally good leader. Now according to Kant this condition is almost impossible to fulfill. But there is another condition introduced in the sixth Proposition that indicates a certain continuity with the cunning of nature exposed in the first five. It is what I would call a “cunning of the Aufklärung.” In fact, if one of the tasks of the Enlightenment consists in clarifying our concepts, and in the case at hand the “exact concepts of a possible constitution” (this is the condition in question), nothing keeps the political ruler from modifying the constitution according to these true concepts, and this not because he/she would be motivated by an intimate moral conviction, but rather by sheer egoism, namely pride (Ehrbegierde), since he is likely find an advantage in leaving to posterity a flattery image of him/herself.

Keyphrases: Kant, Renaut, Alain, Aufklärung, Universal history, Cunning of nature, Pride
Kant et le concept d’Aufklärung de Reinhold

When one reads the name K. L. Reinhold, one thinks immediately of the one who in the middle of the 1780’s has largely contributed to the notoriety of critical philosophy through his Letters on the Kantian Philosophy (1786-1787). But a fact that may be less well known is that Reinhold, before he got acquainted with Kant’s thought, had published in 1784 an article entitled “Thoughts on the Enlightenment.” There is here a striking coincidence since, as we know, Kant published “What is Enlightenment?” the same year. The fact that both texts have been written independently from one another allows us to single out significant differences between the two, and to understand Reinhold’s ultimate philosophical motivations and the reasons that will lead him to go beyond Kantian criticism with his “Elementarphilosophie.” If we consider what according to Foucault are the two dimensions of Aufklärung, namely “increase of the capacities” and “increase of autonomy,” then we are forced to admit that Reinhold would claim for himself the first, and Kant the second.

Keyphrases: Kant, Reinhold, Foucault, Aufklärung, Enlightenment, Knowledge, Autonomy
Le schématisme de la raison pure contribution au dossier Heidegger-Kant

In Section 29 of KPM, Heidegger indicates the full scope of his thesis on the central role played by transcendental imagination in the CPR when he asserts that his thesis is valid not only for the schematism of the pure concepts of the understanding, but also for the ideas of reason. And this leads him to depict the latter as a “pure sensible reason.” To be sure, Heidegger will later concede that his Kantbuch of 1929 contains in fact an over-interpretation (Überdeutung). However passages drawn from his courses on Schelling and on Nietzsche of the second half of the 1930’s show that he will remain true to his thesis, which according to me finds evidence in Kant himself, when for instance he feels compelled to add a “schema” to the ideas of a “pure” reason, that is also “sensible.”

Keyphrases: Heidegger, Kant, Imagination, Reason, Idea, Schematism
Rôle de la protéine kinase B (Akt) dans la phosphorylation des histones désacétylases 5 (HDAC5) et l’expression de l’early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) induites par l'angiotensine II dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires

Elevated concentration of angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation, migration and hypertrophy by the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) pathways. Ang II induced the expression of early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1), which is a transcription factor that is upregulated in atherosclerosis lesions and in animal models of vascular injuries. The activation or derepression of gene transcription is mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs), which deacetylate lysine residues from histone and non-histones proteins. Ang II-induced the phosphorylation and nuclear export of class IIa HDACs, notably HDAC5, and its elevated activation is observed in vascular pathologies. Ang II is a potent activator of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, however their implication in the phosphorylation of HDAC5 and Egr-1 expression in VSMCs remain unexplored. In this study, Ang II-induced HDAC5 phosphorylation at serine 498 in A10 VSMCs and pharmacological blockade of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) by U0126 did not affect the phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of HDAC5 in response to Ang II. Whereas, pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K by wortmannin, Akt by SC66 or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced silencing of Akt attenuated Ang II-induced HDAC5 phosphorylation and its nuclear export. Furthermore, inhibition or knockdown of Akt suppressed Ang II-induced Egr-1 expression. In addition, the inhibition of class IIa HDAC5 by MC1568, TMP-195 or HDAC5 knockdown by siRNA reduced Ang II-induced Egr-1 expression. The blockade of the nuclear export of HDAC5 by leptomycin B or KPT-330 prevented the cytoplasmic localization of HDAC5 and attenuated the expression of Egr-1 by Ang II in VSMCs. Moreover, HDAC5 or Egr-1 depletion prevented Ang II-induced cell hypertrophy. In summary, Ang II-induced HDAC5 phosphorylation and its nuclear export is mediated by the PI3K/Akt and not the ERK1/2 pathway, in addition, Ang II-induced Egr-1 expression involves the implication of HDAC5 via the Akt pathway which subsequently leads to VSMC hypertrophy.

Keyphrases: Ang II, Egr-1, HDAC5, PI3K/Akt, Hypertrophy, Vascular smooth muscle cells
Processus compositionnel (mélodie, polyrythmie et polytonalité initialement improvisées) et orchestration : une analyse des cinq pièces composées à la maîtrise

This thesis proposes an analysis of the composition process via melody, polytonality and polyrhythm through piano improvisation, ending with the orchestration of the five musical pieces composed during the two years of the master's in instrumental and vocal composition at the University of Montreal, from September 2017 to April 2019. These pieces are a Sextet, an Octet, a Movement for two pianos and percussions, 5 Miniatures for orchestra and Tristesse de la lune, a melody on a poem by Charles Baudelaire, totaling 33 minutes of music. We try to situate in a general context the place of these processes through the different references of the author to open fields of possibilities they bring to the future.

Keyphrases: Composition, improvisation, orchestration, Baudelaire, process, polytonality, polyrhythm, sextet, octet, melody
Gesture, sound, and the algorithm : performative approaches to the revealing of chance process in material modulation = Geste, son et algorithme : approches performatives exposant les processus aléatoires dans la modulation de matériaux physiques

This master’s thesis concerns the creative process and related research for the production of two live performances in the domain of electroacoustic music. Across the creation of the two works, my intention has been to develop a unified multi-modal gesture, sound, and algorithm influenced performance practise.  Encompassing the largest portion of the research is an earnest attempt to derive compositional process from the behavior of vibrating matter. This research is precipitated by my movement from an artistic practice based on representation (concerned with speakers, knobs, and buttons) towards a practice steeped in performance (concerned with the continuous transformation of sound correlated to material modulation). Across this research, an in-depth investigation was conducted into rhythms beyond their purely metric musical manifestations, and into the numerous alternative notions of rhythm which are revealed through daily interactions and lived experience. Rhythmic artifacts of interest have included micro-rhythms perceived by the ear as textures, repetitive gestures perceived by the eye as linear motion, and rhythms observed in ordinary social situations such as the cadence of conversation. This is all situated within an informed historical narrative which considers the influence of the algorithm and material primarily across 20th century music and sound art.  The conceptual research is augmented by extensive experiments in algorithmic composition, gesture analysis, and gesture mapping. In each of these areas, though tied to fundamental readings in philosophy and art, a primary approach to creation has been thinking-through-making, which has led to extensive experimentation with both physical materials and digital instrument design. Beyond the performance creations which form the basis of this research output, a large set of interoperable tools for real-time gesture analysis, mapping, algorithmic composition, and sound processing was developed and published for the Max/MSP environment.

Keyphrases: Conception Interactive, Calcul Matériel, Electroacoustic Performance, Algorithmic Composition, Gesture Mapping, Gesture Analysis, Interactive Design, Material Computation, Topological Matter
Nouvel essor du rap québécois : développement numérique d’une culture en marge de l'industrie

In the past decade, profound transformations of Quebec’s music industry forced artists to channel their service offer through new virtual spaces henceforth frequented by their audiences. For a long time, Quebec’s rap artists were excluded from mainstream culture and had no other choice but to work apart from the industry’s principal broadcasting channels.  This resulted in the articulation of an autonomous network developed since the early 2000s in the virtual environment. This research therefore highlights the structuring role played by digital technology in the development of Quebec’s rap scene, while its artists have had no choice but to optimize alternative promotional and distribution tools. Going back on Quebec’s history of the hip-hop movement through its social dynamics, we will identify the reasons for its marginalization and the role that virtual apparatus have played in it. We will then study the strong growth of digital consumption practices by Quebec audiences since 2000, which has been even more marked among audiences who have demonstrated a taste for rap. In the end, we will look at the communicational dynamics developed between rappers and audiences within Web communities. Thus, we will trace the elaboration of alternative activities within the network that allowed rap to take root in Quebec.  We will then be able to better understand the innovative digital behaviours that helped the genre to meet the current challenges of the province’s music industry.

Keyphrases: Rap, Hip-hop, Internet, Cultural industries, Cultural practices, Marginalization, Social media, Digitalization, Digital strategies
Élèves doués et expérience scolaire : le point de vue d’élèves doués, en 2e cycle du secondaire, scolarisés en classe de douance

The main objective of this study is to document the academic and social experience of gifted secondary school students, grouped together in a "gifted" program in Quebec. The specific objectives are to understand the students' perspective with regard to their academic experience and their individual experience within their class. Their point of view is therefore at the heart of the process, in order to capture their academic, social, and individual perceptions of the educational measures from which they benefit (regrouping, acceleration, enrichment). To do this we relied on theoretical models of giftedness according to Renzulli and Gagné as well as on theoretical models of school experience according to Dubet and Rochex. A qualitative approach that relies on life stories, semi-structured interviews, and group interview was favored to gather and analyze the data from the 12 participants. Our results suggest that the gifted program is generally appreciated by the students, in particular the social dimension of the school pathway. The academic and individual dimensions are more nuanced, in particular, because of criticisms concerning the lack of acceleration and the lack of educational differentiation. However, the result is a predominantly positive school experience for these students thanks to grouping throughout secondary schooling. The results are discussed in order to provide schools some advice and reflections to adequately meet the needs of gifted students.

Keyphrases: Giftedness, High potential, School experience, Educational differentiation, Special education, Giftedness program, Grouping, Enrichment, Acceleration
Apprendre ensemble : attitudes des étudiants en médecine envers la pratique collaborative suite à un cours d’éducation interprofessionnelle impliquant un patient-formateur

Interprofessional education (IPE) courses help cultivate collaborative practice, an essential aspect of contemporary health care delivery that improves patient care. The goal of this study is to explore if an IPE course, using an interprogram workshop and retroaction by a tandem comprised of a patient-partner with an instructor profile and of a teacher, an innovative approach initiated by the Université de Montréal, influences medical students’ attitudes towards IPE and allows developing communication and collaborative skills. Forty-six of the two hundred and fifty medical students participating in the course filled out the Readiness of Health Care Students for InterProfessional Learning Scale. A positive attitude towards IPE is found in the vast majority of students («teamwork and collaboration» section: 88.9±5.8% of student answers = agree/completely agree). Qualitative analysis of more than 1500 written comments made by students showed that students perceived an improvement in their communication and collaboration skills, as well as their confidence in those skills. Overall, they had better understanding of professional roles and responsibilities. Factors influencing their attitudes and beliefs, as well as barriers to IPE, emerged from the analysis; the importance of respect and abolishing prejudices in order to succeed at IPE were raised. By participating to this IPE course, medical students of Université de Montréal have an exceptional opportunity to familiarize themselves with health care involving partnership with patients and collaborative practice.  A discussion of barriers for the participation of medical students in pedagogical research and possible solutions to enhance their interest in the future are provided.

Keyphrases: Collaboration, Communication, Simulation, Interprofessional education, Interdisciplinarity, Patient partnership, Competency
Conceptualisation sociologique de la construction sociale du TDAH : médicalisation et pharmaceuticalisation des difficultés scolaires dans un système scolaire potentiellement anomique

This master's thesis constitutes a theoretical proposal in which I propose a conceptualization to understand the social construction of ADHD and its treatment with psychostimulant medication, focusing on the diagnostic process and the interactions it involves between members of the school ecology (teachers, professionals, students, parents, managers, trainers), but also between those and those of the medical field (general practitioner, child psychiatrist or psychiatrist, pediatrician, psychologist, neurologist). By providing a comprehensive picture of social and scientific knowledge of what is commonly referred to as ADHD, I present how a school disorder has been socially redefined in a medical disorder, i.e. how academic difficulties have been medicalized. This medicalization has made a social path to pharmaceuticalizing this non-compliance with school standards, while psychostimulant medication treatment has become an increasingly legitimate solution for many primary students in recent decades. However, while memory is not intended to deny the existence of such a neurological disorder, there are many factors that can be observed by social processes that can influence diagnostic rates and rates of medication treatment, while there is reason to believe that Quebec is in a situation of overdiagnosis and overprescription, mainly among the primary student population. From this perspective, this dissertation proposes a new sociological conceptualization that could allow us to better understand how these two phenomena are the result of social construction from social processes. A conceptualization that proposes as much to address and analyze ADHD from a macrosocial point of view as from a microsocial point of view.

Keyphrases: culture scolaire, ADHD., sociology., theory, theorizing, concept, schools problems, social construc, medicalization, pharmaceuticalization, pedagogization., school culture, interpretative scheme, deviance, labelling, moral entrepreneurs