NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Caractérisation bioinformatique des nouvelles protéines mitochondriales chez les moules d’eau douce (Bivalvia : Unionoida)

Although animal mitochondrial gene content is generally considered to be well-conserved, new genes have been identified in a variety of species, particularly invertebrates. For example, bivalves with doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of the mitochondrial genome have novel, sex-specific genes (M-ORF in M-type DNA, F-ORF in F-type DNA) which have been characterized in silico in three species of the order Mytiloida, one Veneroida and one Unionoida in a previous study. Although they are highly variable across these three orders, this study found conserved N-terminal signal peptides and transmembrane helices across all species. The study also showed that the new genes may and have roles in cell signaling, cell cycle, and immune response, and that they may be the result of endogenization of viral DNA. This project aimed to better characterize these novel genes and their potential origin as well as the H-ORF specific to hermaphrodites by focusing on the Unionoida. The pattern of conserved transmembrane helices and signal peptides is present across the species studied, all proteins seem to be membrane associated and able to bind nucleic acids and proteins, and potential functions are conserved as well. M-ORFs seem to have a role in transport and cellular processes such as signalling, cell cycle and division, and cytoskeleton organisation. F-ORFs are predicted to be involved in cellular traffic and transport and immune response. Finally, H-ORFs appear to be structural glycoproteins which may be involved in signalling, transport and transcription. The results of this project support either a viral or a mitochondrial origin for these genes.

Keyphrases: Unionoida, ORFans, in silico, Doubly uniparental inheritance, Mitochondria
Influence de l'ubiquitylation initiale des substrats SH3 sur leur régulation par la ligase Itch

The subject of this research is to reveal a new mechanism of regulation of the Itch ubiquitin ligase through its catalytic HECT domain. The HECT domain is in charge of polyubiquitylating proteins, which is often responsible for their degradation by the proteasome. Itch belongs to the CWH subfamily of ubiquitin ligases, characterized by the presence of C-terminal catalytic HECT domain, four WW domains for ligand binding and a N-terminal C2 domain important for the subcellular localization of the ligase. Attachment of a first ubiquitin moïties to the substrates is proposed to stimulate the ligase activity, promoting the creation of a polyubiquitin chain. Itch is the only member of its subfamily that has been shown to interact and promote the ubiquitylation of SH3 domain-containing proteins through a conserved proline-rich region located upstream of the four WW domains. In this work, we have determined the impact of the addition of a single ubiquitin to SH3 domain-containing proteins on the processivity of the ubiquitylation reaction catalysed by Itch and on the regulation of this class of substrates.

Keyphrases: Itch, Ligand, PRD, SH3 protein, Ubiquitin, Interaction, Regulation
L'effet des enrochements sur l'utilisation de l'espace par les communautés de poissons dans les Basses-Terres du Saint-Laurent

Rock riprapping revetment a form of riverbank stabilization that is commonly used to protect road and bridge infrastructures from fluvial erosion. However, little is known about how these may affect habitat selection by riverine fish in streams impacted by multiple stressors stemming from agricultural activities and inhabited by warm water species. The objective of this study is to assess potential impacts of the riprap stabilization on fish communities through a comparison of stabilized and non stabilized sites, in the Lowland regions in Southern Québec (Québec, Canada). Nine streams served as study sites, where fish surveys and environmental conditions were measured. Nested linear mixed models were conducted to assess the ecological effects of riprap stabilization across agricultural streams and were crossed validated using the jackknife leave-one-out procedure. Our study showed that for small (3 to 10 meters large), agricultural streams, with small riprap stabilization areas (<100 meters long), species richness, density, and biomass may remain constant or increase, if certain environmental conditions are maintained. However, if certain conditions are modified with the construction of riprap stabilization, our models inform on the conditions required to re-establish optimal fish community estimates. The results from this study are therefore useful to inform management decisions regarding future riprap designs, by providing quantitative information concerning impacts on fish habitats.

Keyphrases: Lowlands, Rock riprapping stabilization, Rock revetment, Fish communities, Agricultural streams, Warm water species, Habitat heterogeneity
Étude longitudinale de l’impact de la satisfaction envers les avantages sociaux novateurs sur l’intention de rester chez les travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications

The objective of this thesis is to understand the impact of satisfaction with innovative benefits on the intention to stay of the information and communications technology industry (ICT) workers. In order to investigate this question, a general research hypothesis was presented based on a literature review and on Blau’s social exchange theory (1964) and Maslow’s theory of needs (1943). The general research hypothesis states that satisfaction with innovative benefits increases intention to stay through time.   The data used in this thesis were collected as part of a larger research on the relationships between compensation, training and skills development and attracting and retaining key employees. The longitudinal data come from an office located in Montreal of a major international company from the ICT sector. The study population consists of workers newly hired between April 1st, 2009 and September 30th, 2010.   The results confirm the research hypothesis showing that satisfaction with innovative benefits increase intention to stay through time. Among the various innovative benefits studied, the results indicate that it is the satisfaction with the gym at work that best predicts intention to stay of workers. Other innovative benefits significantly related to intention to stay are the games library, the lounge, the medical clinic and the library in the workplace. Also, longitudinal analyses reveal that it is mainly the differences between the individual characteristics of the employees who best explain intention to stay than the differences across time of the same worker. This thesis concludes by discussing the best way for industrial relations managers to use the results in order to retain their employees. Then, the limits of the study and some directions for further research are also presented.

Keyphrases: Satisfaction, Innovative benefits, Traditional benefits, Intention to stay, Information and communication technology (ICT)
Procrastiner au péril de l'humanité : une perspective psychologique au problème du changement climatique

The aim of this M.A. research is to bring about a better understanding of why individuals do not respond to the threat of climate change. I argue that procrastination can explain how one may fail to act despite being deeply concerned about the issue. I start by presenting different notions of procrastination. I claim that procrastination is not always irrational and redefine the behavior in non-evaluative terms. I then establish which attitudes regarding the problem of climate change correspond to procrastination. In the end I show that negative emotions, time perspective, intransitive preferences and cognitive dissonance play different roles in procrastination with regard to climate change. Overall, I conclude that perceptions about climate change action can trigger short-term emotion regulation strategies and result in procrastination.

Keyphrases: procrastination, psychologie morale, climate change, environmental ethics, moral psychology, time perspective, irrationality, cognitive dissonance, theory of action
La solidarité du politique et du poétique chez H. Arendt

Hannah Arendt is primarily renowned for writing a masterful historical inquiry on totalitarianism (The Origins of Totalitarianism) and for defending a challenging view of politics expressed in, to say the least, a Hellenistic language. This particular take on politics relies primarily on the concept of action, which Arendt strives to redefine within a historical context and a tradition, which together, bear witness to a “forgetfulness of action”. What Arendt criticizes first and foremost in the tradition of political philosophy is the confusion, from the onset, of making with doing (i.e., acting upon, putting into practice), that is to the understanding of the latter through the standards of production (poiesis) which would have covered up the specific quality of action (praxis). Her political theory therefore seeks to rethink action in itself and to conceive it anew as the core of political life. Therefore it is by drawing upon the political experiences of pre-philosophical Athens that Arendt can illustrate the power of action seen as spontaneous disclosure. It seems however that her efforts ultimately face a limit in the modern context. It also appears to us that she is aware of this fact. This impasse brought about by modernity provides an opportunity to shine a light on the purely poetic dimension of Arendt’s work embedded within her political theory, a topic that seems to have been overlooked by most French language literature on Arendt. In order to do so, we seek in the first instance, to examine Arendt’s attempts at underscoring the value of political action in order to bring to light the essential components of this concept. Secondly, we will reflect on the concept of political action within the modern context as Arendt perceives it, in order discover the existence in her writings of an alternate relationship to the world and to others that can be contrasted with that of action. We will show that this other model draws enormously from the poetic realm.

Keyphrases: Hannah Arendt, action, Philosophy, Politics, Understanding, Poetics
La nécessité d'une multiplicité de concepts de gène en biologie

The concept of gene is of great importance in biology. Some philosophers asserted (Ruse (1971, 1976)) that classical genetics can be reduce to molecular genetics. Similarly, in The Extended Phenotype, the definition of the gene Richard Dawkins is giving presupposes such a reduction. By reconstituting the history of genetics since Darwin, we will show that population genetics and molecular genetics are interested in problems of their own. Then, we will explain Dawkins' position and stress contradictions which follow from that illegitimate reduction. Afterward, we'll show that new molecular researches refute the possibility of reducing the concept of population genetics to a concept of molecular genetics. One of our conclusion is that the gene's eye view has not to be dropped out. It is only necessary to temper these claims. The most important conclusion of this memoire is that the concept Dawkins is using is legitimate, but not the way he is using it. The concept does not fit in Dawkins' conceptual framework.

Keyphrases: Richard Dawkins, Philosophy of biology, Genes, Reductionism, Genetics
Méthode bayésienne de détection de rupture et/ou de tendance pour des données temporelles

This thesis aims to identify new change-point detection methods and/or trend in temporal data. After a brief theoretical introduction on splines, several existing change-point detection already in the literature will be presented. Then, new change-point detection methods using splines and Bayesian statistics will be presented. Moreover, in order to understand the method using Bayesian statistics, an introduction to Bayesian theory will be presented. Using simulations, we will make a comparison of the power of all these methods. Still using simulations, an analysis of the new most effective method will be performed. Then, this method will be applied to real data. A brief conclusion will make a summary of this thesis.

Keyphrases: Spline, Rupture abrupte, Bayesian statistics, Sudden change, Continuous change, Trend
Le processus de construction de l'identité collective du mouvement queer montréalais : perspectives militantes francophones

This dissertation aims at analyzing the process of construction of the collective identity of the Montreal queer movement in a french-speaking context. Although several works partly focus on queer militant groups from Quebec, no research tries to understand how queer militants in Montreal are formed as a collective which develops an identity. To analyze this process, I employ Melucci's theory (1985; 1996), which defines the collective identity of a movement according to three axes : the field of action, the means used and the ends aimed, as well as the forms of organization. In order to answer this research question, I carried out a documentary research and seven interviews with french-speaking queer militants from Montreal. The data analysis is based on various works concerning the fields of action, the values, the means and the ends, as well as the forms of organization of anti-authoritative and anti-oppresive contemporary movements, but also through three dimensions developed by Melucci (1985) : the conflict, the solidarity and the limits of the system. I argue that collective identity is articulated around several challenges : firstly, the diversity of the fields of action, the anti-oppressive values, the relation of affinity and the anti-oppressive form of organization of the queer militants allow the movement to create an internal solidarity, affirm an antiauthoritarian position which breaks the limits of the dominant system, and dissociate itself from the mainstream LGBT movement. In addition, concrete militant actions play a part in the social change here and now, contribute to creating solidarity and recognition between militants and reveals a conflict with the dominant oppressive system. Lastly, from the perspective of its french-speakers, the bilingual feature of the queer movement does not play a fundamental role in the construction of its collective identity. However, the shown interest of french-speaking militants for the institutional policy by comparison with english-speaking militants brings up new questions concerning how the mixture of the french-speaking and english-speaking cultures might have an impact on the political culture and the identity of the queer movement in Montreal.

Keyphrases: Collective identity, Montreal queer movement, Direct action, Affinity groups, Antiauthoritarian values, Anti-oppressive form of organization, Feminism, Anticapitalism
La relation entre le climat scolaire, le contexte scolaire et l'adoption des différents rôles lors d’une situation de violence scolaire

The present study pertains to a complex and polysemic phenomenon that has preoccupied people working in the field of education since at least thirty years, that is, school violence. Using factor analysis, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of covariance, this research aims at exploring specifically the relationship between school climate, school context and the various roles adopted by students at the high school level when they face a situation in which school violence in present.  Data for this study were collected by Michel Janosz and his team in 2010, within four schools, all in the same school board of the Montreal region. The original sample comprises 1750 students who attend both standard special classes, between 10 and 18 years of age. The analyses presented are based on a reduced sample where the special classes and the two small schools have been withdrawn. Therefore, the answers from 1551 student s are used.  The results show that first, there is a significant relationship between the various dimensions of school climate and the different roles adopted by students facing a situation in which violence is present, perceptions  of belonging and of security being the most important. Second, all things being equal, there are significant difference between schools, and school levels.

Keyphrases: School violence, student witness, school climate, exploratory factor analysis, analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of covariance
Entre cahiers et biberons : les enjeux de la conciliation études/famille des mères adolescentes au Gabon

This research focuses on teenage mothers in Gabon, a Central African country. It was completed against the preconceived idea that pregnancy results in the end of schooling for teenage mothers. In fact, the findings in this study demonstrate experiences in which teenage mothers are able to pursuit and complete their schooling. The purpose of the study aimed to analyse and assess the stories of these young mothers. We tried to understand the experiences of these “teen moms” and consequently, which mechanisms they used to reconcile maternity and schooling. Semi-directed interviews were conducted with 18 young mothers in Libreville, the capital of Gabon. At the time of the data collection, the mothers were between 15 to 19 years old. All of interviews were recorded and transcribed for data analysis. What are the factors that help to reconcile early parenting with schooling? The data collected show evidence of four main factors. These factors are primarily linked to the young woman’s capacity to organize and to take individual responsibility. Other factors are related to familial support, the level of commitment and implication of the baby’s father, and finally the value the young woman’s parents place on education. It appears that with at least one of these factors, young mothers in Libreville, Gabon are able to handle parenting with schooling. The results from this study demonstrate that when accompanying measures are available, early parenting does not necessarily lead to dropping out of the school system.

Keyphrases: Grossesse adolescente, Teenager pregnancy, Teenager maternity, Early parenting, Girl schooling, Family networking, Gabon, Africa
Construction de l’image organisationnelle réfractée par les journaux et les groupes de pression : le cas du gouvernement fédéral canadien dans la mise en œuvre du projet de loi C-38

Our research aimed to understand the emergent dimensions of an organization’s image construction. Following the review of existing research literature, we are interested in the refracted image, which is the image of an organization built by a specific public named external arbiters. These external arbiters are mandated organizations that disseminate information to the general public. By adopting a qualitative approach, we conducted a study about the case of the implementation of Bill C-38 by the Canadian Federal Government. Specifically, we examined the working process of two arbiters communities : journalists working for different newspapers, and environmental organizations’ members. The empirical study has allowed us to propose a conceptual model of the construction of the refracted image phenomenon. We thus suggested to observe this phenomenon through the actors’ working practices to understand the emergence of the image dynamics. Also, we emphasized the relevance to consider factors that constitute the framework within which the working process of the actors belonging to different public communities takes place. For it is these parameters that generate the various dynamics regulating the organizational image’s construction by each public community.

Keyphrases: Construction, Organizational image, Refracted image, Construction, External arbiter, Institutional intermediary, Newspapers, Pressure groups, Qualitative approach
Logements insalubres en contexte pluriethnique : étude de cas et pistes d'intervention pour le quartier Norgate dans l'arrondissement Saint-Laurent à Montréal

This thesis explores the role that housing plays in the migratory experience of newcomers in Montreal as well as its impact on the first years of settling, taking into account their social and cultural characteristics. To accomplish this, a collaborative study has been conducted on the specific case of the neighborhood "Norgate", situated in the heart of the Saint-Laurent bourrough. Norgate is a neighborhood in which we can observe a constant renewal of immigrant tenents from around the world, as well as persisting problems of poverty. Taking a closer look at this social environment and the living conditions of its residents, we have ascertained the extent to which poor, and sometimes even unsanitary housing is the norm. We sought to comprehend how an urban space could come to be so degraded, and to determine the roles and responsibilities of various levels of government in the face of such a situation. Through this process, we have explored the ensemble of possible actions proposed by different actors (institutional, community organizations, and residents) that potentially have influence within the neighborhood. This thesis shows how the problem of housing in urban spaces is related to a multitude of inter-linked factors that are mutually influencing each other, and that thus a systemic analysis and approach in the field of urban anthropology is necessary. It also seeks to show that an effective urban movement necessitates a rigourous partnership between the different actors operating within a given territory, in the perspective of understanding and respecting diversity of tactics.

Keyphrases: Saint-Laurent, Norgate, Immigration, Collaboration, Urban anthropology, Housing, Norgate, Immigration, Collaboration, Systemic analysis
La contribution des dynamiques internationales formelles au renforcement de la cybersécurité canadienne

Cyber security is an important issue for services in charge of Canadian security in the era of the expansion of Advanced Persistent Threats (MSP cybercrimes or type 1). These crimes are conducted primarily in cyberspace, which implies the adoption of specific measures appropriate to the digital environment, including the test of its ubiquity. The Canadian government, for its part published some passive and active defense measures which the best known is the Canadian cyber security strategy. Since cyberspace is not limited territorially Canadian authority has signed several international partnerships which emerge from bilateral and multilateral measures for the protection and strengthening cybersecurity. However, such national and international measures do not draw legal framework specifying the nature and the legal regime of MSP; information without which the adoption of rules seems counterproductive. Whereas the digital space is international, it calls the implementation measures for universal scale. However, internationally, there is no rule with specific legal value. Thus, the question is what legal texts could be applied? It turned out that the jus ad bellum and the European Convention against Cybercrime (Budapest Convention) brought the inevitable answer. First, jus ad bellum to define the category of act in which can be stored MSPs, and secondly, the Budapest Convention allows defining computer offenses committed by different actors involved, appropriate investigative procedures and useful mechanisms for international cooperation. Although the elements emerged from these international agreements be useful to the adoption of a set of uniform rules, divergent state interests are major obstacles

Keyphrases: Canada, convention  de  Budapest, MSP, Canada, Budapest Convention, cybersecurity, cybercriminality, critical infrastructure, cybercrimes type 1, MSP