NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
A prevalence study of dental malocclusions in children with sleep disorders

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a continuum that ranges from snoring to sleep apnea. SDB occurs in children of all ages, from neonates to adolescents, and it is characterized by repeated events of snoring, and either partial (i.e. hypopnea) or complete (i.e. apnea) upper airway obstruction during sleep. While hypertrophy of the adenoids / tonsils is the primary factor contributing to pediatric SDB, there may be other origins to obstruction such as craniofacial malformations. The purpose of this prevalence study is to count the number of patients who would benefit from a dental and orthodontic assessment among those with sleeping breathing problems seen at the CHU Sainte-Justine. Our research hypothesis is that the prevalence of malocclusions and dento-skeletal abnormalities would be different between apneic and non-apneic children. Methods: In this prospective multicenter study, patients who will complete type 1 polysomnography to diagnose sleep disorders at the CHU Sainte Justine will be contacted to participate in this prevalence study (n=100). Dental and orthodontic evaluation will be done during the appointment. Gozal screening questionnaire, polysomnographic, orthodontic and craniofacial data will be studied. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients were recruited (58 M, 42 F). The mean age of the patients was 9.6 ± 4.05 (3-18 years). Patients were divided into groups (n = 57) AHI <2, (n = 43) AHI ≥ 2. The AHI <2 group had a mean AHI of 0.79 ± 0.53. The AHI ≥ 2 group had a mean AHI of 7.79 ± 8.03. No difference was found between AHI groups and BMI (p = 0.303). On the other hand, Gozal score was significant for detecting more severe AHI’s (p = 0.011) for a severity score ≥ 2.72. No significant difference was found between hypertrophic tonsils (score ≥3) and AHI (p = 0.426). In addition, no significant difference was found between AHI groups for craniofacial and dental characteristics. Patients with oral habits (nail/cheek/lip biting, bruxism, thumb sucking) tended to have an AHI <2 (p = 0.064). Logistic regression calculations concluded that boys are at higher risk (OR = 3.52, 95% CI 1.27-9.77), those with oral habits are less at risk (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.89) and that odds of having apnea increases by 1.09 for each unit of BMI increase. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental malocclusions in children was found to be insignificant among groups of different AHI severity. No significant correlation was found between craniofacial and dental morphology and sleep data. Nevertheless, this is a preliminary analysis. The objective of this multi-center study is to recruit up to 400 children and further analysis will be carried out. Further studies are recommended to draw better conclusions and improve statistical power in the role of craniofacial and dental morphology in children with sleep disorders.

Keyphrases: craniofacial, sleep-disordered breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, children, prevalence, craniofacial, dental malocclusions, polysomnography
La presse écrite et les représentations des personnes en situation de marginalité

Homelessness and marginality in metropolises like Montreal bring their share of problems in terms of sharing public space among its many users. The study considers more precisely the representation of this social problem in the written press since the phenomenon regularly covers the headlines. This involves analyzing the conceptions of different actors, formulated in this field by journalists who want to show the scale of the phenomenon and, in the process, to explain it in terms which, here, will be the subject of the analysis. The subject of the dissertation and the analysis set out in its pages, as will be seen, reminds us of the relevance of the theories developed on the subject under the auspices of the Chicago School, to which we can associate the theory of urban ecology, especially the game of balance between individual attitudes and collective values, which proves particularly propitious and fertile here, since one of its emblematic figures, Robert Park, conceives the press of his time as a magnifying glass placed on society, being at the "first lodge to observe the social evolutions". The conceptions of the actors in question on the issues that concern the marginality and the public space will be analyzed in the form of "sociospatial" representations widely explained later. The analysis shows that these representations are manifested in the vocabulary used by the different actors concerned by the problematic and that the written press makes resound on a collective scale. The vocabulary at work is enamelled of expressions like "wildlife" to be framed, "vermin" to eradicate and "scrap" and "waste" to make disappear, if not conceal. In short, the game of balance between individual attitudes and collective values is expressed in the written press according to the oppositions revealed by the analysis: insecurity / security; dirtiness / cleanliness; incivility / civility; wild / cultivated.

Keyphrases: Squeegee, Profilage, Square Viger, Clochards, Marginality, Homelessness, Space, Public, Representation, Journalism, Chicago, Urbanity, Street, Youth, Judiciary, Profiling
Regard alternatif sur une économie alternative : connaissances économiques d’entrepreneur-e-s québécois-e-s en coopératives de travail

This master’s thesis’ general topic is the issue of the development of non-capitalist alternative economies through social economy initiatives, more specifically through the worker cooperative organization model. It first presents criticisms of popular theoretical premises on which studies regarding the « world » of social economy commonly rely, and then presents and makes use of a sociology of knowledge of the economy approach as an alternative pathway to studying this subject. Through the discourse analysis of worker cooperative entrepreneurs from Quebec, interviewed on the topic of their economic experiences, it is possible to identify articulations of different social forms of knowledge with those that are to be associated with predominant economy’s representations. It will then be these various ways of articulating knowledge forms that will be considered decisive regarding de possibility of conceiving alternative socioeconomical projects.

Keyphrases: Social economy, Worker cooperatives, Alternative economy, Sociology of the economy, Economic sociology, Sociology of knowledge
L'influence du parcours migratoire et des réseaux de solidarité sur le développement des enfants : une étude de cas à la Maison de l'enfance de Saint-Laurent

The difficulty in identifying the sources of vulnerability that affect the health and development of immigrant children is a complex and worrying public health issue. Indeed, the current predictive models of school readiness focus on individual deficiencies and impose native family poverty as the main risk factor of development disorders. This approach limits the understanding of these phenomena as they are experienced by immigrant families and make it necessary to focus on mechanisms specific to the immigration context in which these children grow up. This multiple case study looks at the perspective of immigrant parents (13 women and 5 men) who attended the Maison de l’enfance de Saint-Laurent (MDE) to explore the factors leading to immigrant child development disorders and aims to contribute to the development of more adequate support services. It explores the hypothesis that the reduction of family solidarity networks, rather than poverty, acts as the main source of vulnerability for children's development. The MDE recognizes the deleterious effects of isolation on children and families and offers them relational solutions through community-based social and pediatric services, and thus allow researchers a precious opportunity to witness the solutions’ effects and changes as they are perceived by the families. The analysis of fifteen migration routes shows how, according to parents, multifactorial isolation situations produce developmental delays of variable intensity in children that are very difficult to predict. Additionally, some parents have explained that markedly destabilizing migratory events other than isolation, such as application for status, deskilling and racism, have also given rise to complex health and development issues, presented as symptoms of the migration and distress experienced by the family. By looking at families’ journey in the MDE, we were able to see that creating supportive social networks and developing relationships of trust promote child development, parents resilience and improves families’ quality of life in a variety of ways.

Keyphrases: immigration, services aux familles, Migration process, Networks, Relational approach, School readiness, Public health, Vulnerability, Family services, Early childhood
Comment la méditation pleine conscience a conquis l’Occident : une étude de cas montréalaise sur les conditions d’importation d’une pratique aux origines orientales

It’s been thirty years since meditation made a dramatic entrance into our lives. Rebranded under the name « mindfulness », meditation has found her place in many environments, such as the workplace, the carceral system or the hospital sector. The objective of this thesis is to understand how meditation sustainably implanted itself in a modern setting that relies on acceleration and profit, although the philosophy it relies on is in direct conflict with the consumerist vision of our society. As other « well-being » practices imported from Asia, meditation knew how to adjust to the occidental needs and aspirations. During its expansion in the hearts of many diverse environments and the way it is distributed in several professions, it has gone through some changes that are sometimes in contradiction with its original values. Well-being, economy and spirituality are now at a crossroad and meditation marks down the challenges that arise from the commodification of a new activity.

Keyphrases: meditation, mindfulness, well being, import, economic market, importation
S’autodéterminer « dans la bonne direction » : enjeux éthiques et relationnels de l’accompagnement auprès de personnes catégorisées comme ayant une déficience ou des limitations intellectuelles et vivant en situation d’itinérance ou de grande précarité

This project takes an ethnographic perspective on the practice of Milos, a social worker that accompanies persons labeled as having intellectual limitations or disabilities and living in homelessness or in a situation of great precarity. The results emerged from an inductive analysis of data collected by observations of Milos’ daily practice. The analyses have been discussed and deepened during multiple interviews with Milos. This master’s thesis showcases the progressive complexification of my representations of Milos’ practice through the research project. It presents Milos’ daily practice and tackles its ethical and relational issues. The concluding remarks combine the research’s results and scientific literature to question the implications, on a collective scale, of the practice of accompaniment and of power relations between healthcare and social services providers and service users, more particularly in social work around socially disadvantaged people and/or people having difficulties taking and applying free and enlightened decisions regarding their well-being.

Keyphrases: Consentement, Demande de services, Accompaniment, Intellectual disabilities, Intellectual limitations, Homelessness, Self-determination, Consent, Social work, Demand for services, Social inequalities, Ethnography
«Je dois mettre dans ma tête que c’est pour rendre service» : engagements et contraintes de l’emploi des préposées au soutien à domicile embauchées par le Chèque emploi-service

The « Cheque-Emploi-Service » (CES) system is a cash-for-care program that allows home care service users to be allocated hours of service that they can use to choose and hire home care support workers (PSD). Taking as a point of departure the diversity of experiences of fourteen women workers interviewed individually, this Master’s thesis is articulated around two main poles: 1) a historical review of the issues that have shape the direct fundings in Quebec and its related employment conditions, and 2) an analysis of the dynamics that contribute to the informalization of the home support service sector. This project feeds our understanding of the neoliberalization of the welfare state both as a provider of health care and social services, as an employer, and as a regulator of labour markets.

Keyphrases: Cheque emploi-service, Direct funding, Home care services, Home care support worker, Social policy, Welfare state transformation, Labour market segmentation, Informalization, Grey zone of employment, Grounded theory
Entre l'adoption internationale et la gestation pour autrui: nouvelles filiations et nouvelles représentations

This thesis focuses on many representations of the child conveyed by all the speeches on international adoption practices and surrogacy methods. Through an analysis of the government, legal and media discourses, we will demonstrate how these two practices redefine the parenthood even though they are at the crossroad of biology and society. Even if international adoption and surrogacy assume to be two different worlds, a priori, they both suggest, at the end, the desire for children. Parenthood as proposed by these two ways of “making family” involves an emotional side where humans feel torn between the importance of parenthood in the society and the influence of genetic. The human science literature is abundant about the way social actors like intended parents and third parties (gamete donors, surrogate mothers and intermediaries) see these practices, but limited research has been done on the social, symbolic and economic representations of adopted children and those who are born through surrogacy. Thus, whether it be question of “abandoned children” within the framework of the international adoption or “manufactured children” in the context of surrogacy, it is clear that children are selected according to a range of cultural and biological criteria combined to what we value as “a family”. This thesis will show that all the discourses on these two different ways of parenthood suggest visions of the family and also of the child. It will explain that these views form part of a biological logic of parenting which reproduce a normative understanding of the family based on identity genetic logics.

Keyphrases: filiation, foreign adoption, surrogacy, assisted reproduction, desire for children, kinship, parenting, infertility, family
Femmes, prisons et quotidienneté : feuilletons ethnographiques

This project is an incursion into a provincial female prison. Through ethnography, combining participant observation in different spheres of social life in prison and conducting individual interviews with incarcerated women, I try to delineate the everyday life of women in prison. My methodology is inductive and inspired by Siegfried Kracauer, a German journalist, critique, and sociologist of the early twentieth century. His method, of which he left very few traces, pays particular attention to the detail of everyday life: a place, an object, an activity, or a person. Kracauer invites us to consider these "inconspicuous surface-level expressions" as vehicle for understanding social reality.  The first part focuses on the theoretical and methodological path, while the second presents the analysis of the empirical material in the form of feuilleton. Each feuilleton is an "exemplary case of reality" of women’ daily life in prison. Together, the serials offer what Kracauer calls a mosaic, a kind of patchwork that offers a bigger view on the research object. Finally, this dissertation aims to reveal women’s incarceration specificity and suggests an unprecedented look at the everyday life in a Quebec women’s prison, a universe that lies too often in the shadow of incarcerated men.

Keyphrases: Prisons, Siegfried Kracauer, Incarceration, Women, Ethnography, Daily life
«Retourne en Arabie!» : expériences de l’islamophobie et de l’altérisation au quotidien : une étude de cas sur des jeunes Québécoises musulmanes

This thesis aims to understand the everyday islamophobia experienced by young Muslim women raised in Quebec, Canada. From children discovering their otherness through the eyes of other kids to colleagues making racist « jokes », from being insulted in the street by a stranger to subtle looks of fear in the Montreal metro, islamophobia is part of these women’s daily life. To understand this complex phenomenon, I used the concept of Everyday Racism theorized by Philomena Essed (1991). Following her methodology, I conducted 7 semi structured interviews with young women who identify as Muslims, between the age of 23 and 32, who grew up in Quebec and pursuing university degrees (or have recently graduated). Six of them are wearing the hijab.

Keyphrases: Discriminations, Islamophobia, Everyday racism, Discriminations, Gendered violence, Feminism, Intersectionality
Doubles stigmates : au croisement de la judiciarisation et de la folie

Empirical studies have reached somewhat inconsistent results regarding whether judicialization is beneficial or is a backdraw for individuals with mental health problems. Some argue it is a way to normalise the person, others claim it is an additional stigma adding a supplementary burden to their challenges. This Master’s thesis research is structured around ten interviews conducted with individuals who experience mental health issues and who have been involved with the legal system more than once. The interviews were conducted around five themes: identity and personal trajectory, mental health experiences, judicial experiences, articulation between the mental health and judicialization experiences and trajectories and their consequences on their identity and life courses. By experience, we mean to understand what it is like to live with a mental illness and moreover a criminal backround and the stigma around those two experiences. The goal of this research is to understand their perceptions of living with a mental illness and their experiences of judicialization. By judicialization we understand that a person is or has been accused of a crime at the municipal or criminal court more than once. The objective here on the one hand is to present the experiences of people living with a mental health problem within the legal system and on the other hand, to explore the issues connected to the penalization of mental health problems. We also interrogate participants’ understanding of the consequences on their identities of these two interlocking experiences. In particular, we explore through their perceptions their relations with the various socio-legal actors, medical via their personal trajectories. The concepts of stigmas and identity are at the center of our analysis and emphasize the importance of social context in the interiorization of a given identity. More precisely, our study shows that the way in which the person will interpret his experiences, legal and medical, will have consequences on his interactions with the various social actors and will affect his capacity to a part of the community he lives in, depending on how he integrates, or not, the various stigmas and labels given to him. This research centers its analysis on the actor and his perceptions. With this intention, symbolic interactionism was privileged in order to give an account of the trajectories of the actors and to identify the consequences of their identity.

Keyphrases: Identity, Mental health, Penalization, Trajectory
L’influence cumulative des facteurs de risque psychosociaux et économiques sur la qualité de la relation mère-enfant

This thesis explores the influence of socioeconomic vulnerability, which is a combination of psychosocial and economic risk factors such as: young age of the mother at the time of childbirth; poverty; single-parent family; low education; and, weak social network, on the quality of the mother-child relationship. Two theoretical frameworks are used to analyze this situation, namely the ecosystemic framework and the family stress model. This quantitative study is based on the analysis of the responses of 49 mothers with children aged between 0 and 5 years old to three questionnaires: one sociodemographic, the second on the perception of the relationship of the mother with her child, and the third being the Abidin parental stress index. The results of the study suggest an accumulation of risk factors and stress influence the quality of the mother-child relationship. Specifically, the results of our research showed that the socioeconomic vulnerability combined with the toxic stress predicted 24.9% of the quality variation of the mother-child relationship. Interventions targeting young mothers should therefore use an ecological approach and take into account an accumulation of risk factors in order to improve the mother-child relationship and ultimately, the resilience of the family.

Keyphrases: Stress, Mother-child relationship, Socioeconomic risk factors, Intervention practices
Demander de l'aide psychosociale : des hommes racontent leur expérience

The main objective of this research is to understand how help-seeking men who use community resources live through the help-seeking process. This research uses a constructivist framework. It uses a qualitative methodology to analyze the accounts of 68 men met in six focus groups. The exchanges of these groups were about the help-seeking experiences of these men, in psychosocial or medical services-giving resources. Theories by Connell, Farrell and Dulac are used to analyze the speeches and the self-reported behaviours of these men. The theories of Goffman and Becker are used to study the process through which an help-seeking man goes through. This research analysis uncovers multiple obstacles met by many of its respondents, while they sought professional help for their problems. Studying these obstacles brings recommendations for help-giving resources, so that they can improve the services they give to help-seeking men.

Keyphrases: Intervention Psychosociale, Crise, Masculinity, Psychosocial Intervention, Crisis, Help-Seeking Men
Sitting on our hands : comparing Canada's intervention policy in Libya and Syria

In the wake of the Arab Spring in 2011, Canada responded differently to the crises in Libya and Syria. In Libya, Canada participated in a NATO-led coalition which eventually helped topple the Gaddafi regime. In Syria, Canada “sat on its hands” and adopted a policy of containment. My thesis addresses the reasons behind Canada’s different intervention policies in Libya and in Syria in 2011. I argue that Canada participated in a military intervention in Libya because its national interests were threatened by the conflict, it experienced no domestic pressure against the intervention, and it felt a responsibility towards NATO to intervene. I also argue that other factors – Libya’s political and geographic isolation, the weakness of its military, and the West’s trust in the liberal opposition which organized quickly –  may have facilitated Canada’s decision to intervene because it judged the intervention in Libya to be low-risk. In contrast, I argue that Canada did not intervene in Syria because it lacked an opportunity and an incentive to do so. Paralysis at the UN Security Council and NATO hindered the creation of a multilateral military intervention in Syria, due to concerns about the complexity of the crisis. Provided with the opportunity to intervene however, it is unlikely that Canada would have done so because it had no economic interests in Syria, nor did it experience domestic pressure to intervene. I conclude by suggesting further avenues of research regarding the constraints experienced by middle powers in the international system.

Keyphrases: Libya, Syria, NATO, Canada, Foreign Policy, Civil War, Arab Spring, Conflict, 2011, Gaddafi, Qaddafi, Gadhafi, Assad