NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Feuilles, suivi de L'oubli du temps ; dynamique de la mémoire dans Le Palace de Claude Simon.

This master explores the dynamism of the memory within writing. In the creation part, the character of Sam wanders in his memories, searching for his sister Lidie. It is a vain attempt, always to begin again since the memory, related to the consciousness, is unceasingly subjective and distorted, unable to give back an objective past. The figure of Lidie find to be the unattainable central point of a convolution, the cercle trajectory revealing the presence of the memory in the body of the text. The essay part discusses the question of the bond between the memory and the writing in Le Palace of Claude Simon. Taking up the idea of the triple present of St. Augustine, the past is then possible only in a present of the past, and this dynamism creates a circular motion while the character goes through his memories that he can only invest by the lens of a present. This reveals a text without any beginning or end, revolutionary, where the memory, rather than a return in time, is moving forward the text and becomes the present time of the writing.

Keyphrases: Claude Simon, Imaginaire, Memory, Creative writing, Time, Subjectivity, Imaginary
Consonant gemination in West Greenlandic

This thesis proposes an analysis in Harmonic Serialism of a cross-morpheme consonant gemination process in West Greenlandic. Central considerations to the analysis are surface restrictions on geminate consonants as well as general consonant behavior at morpheme boundaries. The gemination process at hand involves regressive consonant assimilation when a consonant-initial affix is introduced to consonant-final stem. This operates alongside a process of stem-final consonant deletion, with both processes serving as mutually exclusive strategies to prevent heterorganic consonant clusters from surfacing in West Greenlandic. While the distribution of these processes is not surface-apparent, it is explained through the proposal of unattached moras that function as triggers for assimilation. Additionally, the analysis implements a set of operations that impose restrictions on the output forms of geminate consonants and establishes a formal relationship between these output forms and their position within a morpheme. The objective of this thesis is to propose an example of how a more modern, unified analysis of West Greenlandic grammar could be modeled in Harmonic Serialism. While the majority of earlier works on West Greenlandic phonology are either purely descriptive in nature or involve rewrite rules that cannot share a formal relation or output goal, this thesis proposes an approach within a serial, constraint-based framework as a viable alternative.

Keyphrases: inuit, compensatory lengthening, consonant assimilation, consonants, gemination, Greenlandic, Harmonic Serialism, Inuit, Optimality Theory, phonology, West Greenlandic
Figures de femmes chez Valentine Penrose : à la croisée du saphisme littéraire et du roman gothique

Valentine Penrose was a surrealist poet, novelist and collagist, less well-known than many of her female counterparts such as Frida Kahlo or Claude Cahun. Albeit few, there are studies on Penrose that recognize both the omnipresence of women and their often disquieting portrayal. The origins of these representations remain, however, largely under-explored. In order to fill this considerable lacuna in existing knowledge on Penrose’s work, this thesis will analyze her œuvre, highlighting the textual and pictorial presence of two major influences: literary Saphism and the Gothic novel. In addition to analyzing the collages that accompany the poetry in Dons des féminines, we will also study the corpus’ many images in absentia, as we believe that Penrose’s style very often has recourse to “pictorial” literary devices. Consequently, throughout our analyses, we adopt both a literary and an intermedial approach, looking closely at both textual and pictorial representations of women in order to demonstrate the polymorphous borrowing of two traditions; Saphism and the Gothic appear via the representation of certain characters, Penrose’s thematic biases and the choice of particular spatial environments and narrative structures. The present study thereby sheds light on the representation of three female figures specific to Penrose’s universe: the woman of nature (la femme-nature), the fugitive (la fugueuse) and the rebel (la rebelle) each exemplify the way in which Penrose’s œuvre is located at the crossroads of literary Saphism and the Gothic novel.

Keyphrases: Valentine Penrose, Literary Saphism, The Gothic novel, Intermediality, Word and Image Studies, Surrealist women
Étude d'un lapidaire alphabétique du XVe siècle en prose, d'après le manuscrit Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds français, 2007.

Regarding the heterogeneity and extravagant nature of their content, the lapidaries have too often been put aside from studies concerning medieval literature, and, still to this day, only a few of them have been studied by scholars. However, the very high number of known manuscripts of such texts does tell us a lot about the popularity and the role played by precious gems within medieval society and litterature.  The prose lapidary copied in  ms Paris, BnF, fonds français, 2007, a prosaic lapidary dated from the XVth century, has yet only been mentioned once, in a study by Barbara Geromel, who was mostly interested by another manuscript – albeit incomplete – of the same text : ms Turin, Biblioteca Reale, Varia 110. The content remaining in this manuscript corresponds precisely to the one found within the Paris manuscript. This manuscript written in prose represents one single step in a long and rich history (the tradition of describing precious stones dating back to the Antiquity). Nervertheless, it also differs from this tradition by its complex inner organisation of the subject, since it puts to use to this effect an imperfect and incomplete alphabetical paradigm as a mean of classification, an unpopular paradigm at the time, as it embodied elements difficult to correlate with the theological order.  This lapidary, a material witness of an even larger intelectual context – the world of mediaeval encyclopedism –, participates to the compilation of knowledge from older times, and calls for deeper studies of its general content, sources (themselves coming from varied manuscript traditions) and usage of an alphabetical classification.

Keyphrases: sources, compilations, lapidaries, precious stones, gems, Middle Ages, 15th century, manuscripts, philology, manuscripts traditions, witnesses, encyclopedic thinking, alphabetical order, vernacular languages, Latin languages
Effets de diffraction dans le discours des romans arthuriens en vers du XIIIe siècle

This study explores the diffraction that occurs in thirteenth-century Arthurian romance discourse. Genette defines discourse as the manifestation of subjectivity in text. We have selected eight “parodic” Arthurian romances as our main corpus: Renaut de Beaujeu’s Le Bel Inconnu, Gliglois, Hunbaut, Guillaume le Clerc’s Fergus, Raoul de Houdenc’s Méraugis de Portlesguez, Jehan’s Les Merveilles de Rigomer, Claris et Laris and Floriant et Florete. With these works, we observe the manifestations, mechanisms and evolutions of different stylistic features that are related to discursive diffraction. In the first chapter, we study intradiegetic enargeia, which occurs when a character describes a scene in direct discourse; it represents a diffraction of narrative speech. In the second chapter, we discuss interlace, considered to be a diffraction of diegesis that is punctuated with narrative comments. Marks of generic awareness occupy our third chapter: they occur when a character signals their awareness or knowledge of the literary tradition in which they participate. They constitute a diffraction of narrative knowledge. At the end of our observations, we find that all these stylistic features, as well as the diffraction they represent, are used more regularly, complexly and emphatically in the later thirteenth-century romances.

Keyphrases: Diffraction, Discours, Narration, Roman, Parodie, Discourse, Romance, Middle Ages, Parody
Stéréotypes, clichés et identités chez Dany Laferrière : l’exemple japonais

This thesis focuses on the dynamics of clichés and stereotypes based on japanese motifs in the works of Dany Laferrière, particulary in two of his novels: Éroshima (1987) and Je suis un écrivain japonais (2009). By comparing the two novels, this study examines different intercultural perspectives whose aesthetic construction are based on the representations (images, clichés and stereotypes of sex, race and identity) of the Japanese figure. This research analyzes different theoretical and epistemological perspectives of the notions of stereotypes and clichés, while paying attention to the issues of representation in both novels. This approach allows a discussion of Alterity/Otherness which is unfolded, recycled, manipulated and distorted by the writer, and invites the reader to question the concepts of identity and the perception of the Other.

Keyphrases: Dany Laferrière, clichés, Quebec contemporary Literature, Stereotypes, Identity, Otherness
Inscrire l'inconnaissable : anomalies métaphoriques au sein de l'expérience mystique

This reflection comes from a simple observation, which at the same time demands that we deeply re-evaluate our relation to thought, meaning and language. In order to be expressed, the experience of the unknowable, of everything not there in front of us, requires a diversion from conventional, rational language. Mystical writings, shaping through language direct contact with God, constitute an abundant and exemplary space to reflect upon thought, which is met with a pressing need to express the ineffable through a kind of linguistic inscription capable of departing from the agreed meanings of the world, from ordinary communicational connections. This particular way of saying is structured by the metaphor, this suspension of thought asking to be recreated, so that language and meaning, crystallized in daily life, may awake from their slumber. Thus, this thesis proposes to reflect upon the modes of expression and concretization of the experience of the ineffable, by examining what knowledge the metaphor, in its inscription, allows to be understood outside discursive language. To begin with, the general modalities of the mystical experience, and the different ways in which it inscribes itself in existence, will be presented. I will consider more precisely its characteristic metaphorical inscription in language. I will then reflect theoretically and practically on the metaphor, beyond the reductive title of ostentatious ornament that rational language gives to it, denying its singular possibility to propel thought and create new forms knowledge. Finally, I will exemplify the metaphorical inscription of the mystical experience through two particular mystical figures: Simone Weil (1909-1943) and Al-Hallâj (858-922), for whom the observation of God’s material absence instead implies detachment from their imaginary linguistic construction and invites to love him in all his absence. This, by stripping down language, a metaphor imitating the movement of the dispossession of self, which is called for by their unique conception of mystical ecstasy.

Keyphrases: Simone Weil, Al-Hallâj, mystical experience, ecstasy, metaphor, literary thought, self-dispossession, knowledge, language
La vulnérabilité au cœur de l’œuvre d’Aglaja Veteranyi : réflexions et expérimentations autour d’une œuvre et de sa traduction vers le français québécois

This research-creation thesis focuses on the expression of linguistic vulnerability observed in the work of Aglaja Veteranyi (1962-2002), a Swiss German-Speaking author marked by an illiterate youth and a long period of statelessness. The first research part aims to identify the composite nature of vulnerability as defined in social science and literature research. Then, we will observe how it manifests itself in the biographical experiences of the author. Finally, we will analyze the reflection of vulnerability in the selected works. We propose to explore Aglaja Veteranyi's literary work according to a non-linear trajectory, in order to trace the apparitions of vulnerability. Based on a corpus composed of four literary works and archival documents, we will draw a portrait of the vulnerability in Veteranyi's work with regard to 1) the themes 2) the narrative structure 3) the narrative voice and 4) the multilingual expression. The situation of Quebec French within the Francophonie also reflects a linguistic vulnerability. We propose to bring the two vulnerabilities into dialogue in order to observe the source of inspiration they constitute in creative writing. To do this, we attempt, in the creation part of the thesis, the translation of an excerpt from the novel Das Regal der letzten Atemzüge from German into Quebec French, in order to create an experimental dialogue inspired by the research posture of “vulnerable writing” (Page, 2017).

Keyphrases: Aglaja Veteranyi, autofiction, vulnerability, multilingualism, German French translation, Quebec French, Mehrsprachigkeit, Übersetzung Deutsch-Französisch, Quebecer Französisch, Autofiktion
De la démarche du corps à celle de l'esprit : constellation discursive de la flânerie et du mode flâneur

This M.A. thesis is a mise en scène of the mode flâneur and characterizes the articulations of what pertains to the essence of flânerie en general. It attempts to establish the constellation of the flâneur based on texts in which the term and the notion appear; it draws its main inspiration from Walter Benjamin’s argumentative essays and fictional texts about the flâneur and the city. The flâneur is not the study’s means but its end. This thesis is a multidisciplinary work loyal to Benjamin’s modus operandi and unfolds a representation of its object rather than a description. It is constructed and conceived according to a phenomenological view and revolves around traditional pairs such as doing and non-doing, time and space, to which are added the Benjamin’s concepts of experience (Erfahrung) and lived experience (Erlebnis), of near and far as well as trace and aura. It is preoccupied with questions that concern modes of philosophical presentation itself; it proceeds by adopting a flâneur discourse of analysis. It is a work that reconciles the concept and discourse in two flâneries, one of the body and one of the mind, and that admits that the result of this double flânerie is inseparable from the path leading to it.

Keyphrases: Flâneur, Ennui, Limite, Trace, Aura, Modernity, Time, Space, Idleness, Boredom, Limit, City
La poétique de la présence dans l'oeuvre d'Yves Bonnefoy

This thesis explores the poetics of presence in Yves Bonnefoy’s written works. A first section introduces the elaboration of this poetics, in opposition with what we have identified as a poetics of absence, as theorized by authors such as Stéphane Mallarmé, Paul Valéry and Maurice Blanchot. Each in their own way, these authors represent litterature as an activity of negation. A second section further explores Bonnefoy’s poetics of presence as a manifestation in language of things named, rather than their disappearance. More precisely, we analyze how this poetics develops in the four books that compose Bonnefoy’s Poèmes. In this major work, the poet’s poetics is illustrated by his attention to finitude and death, as verses carve his inscription in a place, in the passage of time and in a relationship to the other.

Keyphrases: Bonnefoy, Absence, Blanchot, Mallarmé, Valéry
Midwife-Witches : examining midwives and women's magick in Ami McKay's The Birth House

In this paper, I explore the notion of the midwife-witch and how it relates to the medicalization and masculinization of birth as portrayed in The Birth House by Ami McKay. This subject is divided in three chapters that give historical context to the emergence of obstetrics and the prosecution of midwives, the history of the archetype of the witch and how it is explored in the characterization of Dora and Miss Babineau, as well as the feminist implications of the figure of the midwife-witch and how it is relevant to the current political and cultural climate. I argue that McKay's novel fictionalizes the question of how witchcraft influenced the process of excluding women from medicine as well as reinforces the overall patriarchal subjugation of women. In turn, the text suggests that the key to transcending gender-based oppression lies in embracing the magick of womanhood: the power to create life. This thesis draws a timeline in the history of women's medicine, witch hunts, and feminism to show how these three elements interact in McKay's novel, which serves as a feminist retelling of the real-world implications and power of negotiating and claiming identity.

Keyphrases: midwife, witch, feminism, women's medicine, birth
Why Say No? : Marriage Proposal Rejections in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre

This thesis studies the purpose of multiple marriage proposals in Jane Austen’s  Pride and Prejudice and Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre. I will show that Austen’s and Brontë’s  inclusion of two proposals – by Darcy and by Rochester, respectively – are central to the  narrative structures of their work. I will examine how Austen and Brontë present their heroines  with multiple proposals in order to demonstrate the proper moment at which a proposal should  be accepted. This thesis will contextualize the choices of Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Eyre by  engaging in conversation with several literary scholars who work on Austen and Brontë. The  first chapter will be dedicated to Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, and the analysis of Darcy and  Elizabeth’s changing relationship. The second chapter will examine Brontë’s Jane Eyre and  Jane’s individual journey as it relates to her relationship with Rochester. I will also examine how  each author demonstrates how gender roles and stereotypes can serve as a threat to a healthy  relationship as well as to one’s own self-development. Through multiple proposals, Austen and  Brontë demonstrate the importance of independence and equality in entering a marriage. They  also dismantle traditional notions of masculinity.

Keyphrases: Feminism, Nineteenth Century, Femmes, Women, Marriage, Jane Austen, Charlotte Brontë
Enfance et comportements sexuels problématiques : différences observées à la suite de la psychothérapie et facteurs associés à sa non-complétion

Sexual development can be worrisome in certain children, in particular when sexual behavior problems toward others are manifested. Such behaviors are characterized by the presence of severity indexes such as coercion, emotional distress, persistence despite interventions, etc. Among others, the scientific literature highlights two important challenges in children with SBP: 1) the presence of concomitant difficulties; 2) mobilization during the intervention as manifested by a high dropout rate. However, few studies have examined the outcomes of specialized intervention on difficulties manifested in conjunction to SBP. Considering the variety of concomitant difficulties experienced by these children, it seems important to assess the influence of psychotherapy on the intensity of these problems. Moreover, given the high rate of attrition in intervention behavior problems in children, it is important to understand the factors that might predict dropout. The aim of this study is : 1) to describe the sample, as well as difficulties that are manifested in conjunction to SBP; 2) assess changes in SBP as well as in other difficulties after psychotherapy (internalizing and externalizing behaviors problems, post-traumatic symptoms, dissociation, self-esteem, depression, anxiety and social problems); 3) to identify factors associated with the dropout of psychotherapy. This research provides a more holistic comprehension of the differences between the beginning and the end of therapy with respect to the difficulties experienced by children with SBP, which are coming from a variety of backgrounds. It also allows for a deeper understanding of those children, but more generally their families who do not complete the therapy. The initial sample is composed of 67 parent-child dyads referred to a specialized cognitive behavioral psychotherapy for children with SBP. The psychotherapy required the participation of a parental figure and aimed the management of SBP as well as parent-child communication. Data were obtained during individual interview prior and post psychotherapy. The children as well as the parents both completed different standardized questionnaires, regarding the child’s development and his behavior. The results of the research indicate beneficial effects of psychotherapy on SBP and on other indicators of distress. Furthermore, the study has shown that children who complete psychotherapy are more likely to live in foster homes and to be accompanied by their biological parents when attending appointments as compared to those who drop out. However, no variables used in this study predict dropout during psychotherapy. These results are discussed while considering the implications for research and practice.

Keyphrases: sexual behavior problems, SBP, children, cognitive behavioral therapy, dropout
Les marchés de drogues sur le darkweb : impacts des opérations de perturbation de la police

The emergence of cryptomarkets, which has led to the development of new methods of distributing drugs and other illicit products and services (Walsh and Phil, 2011), poses various challenges to the police. The latter, wishing to limit the scope of their actions, usually adopt strategies similar to those used with traditional drug networks (Décary-Hétu and Giommoni, 2016). However, the differences between these markets and those online raise questions about the effectiveness of these techniques. So far, few studies have focused on that topic, but those that have been identified have achieved unenthusiastic results. This research concluded that the activities attempted to date by the police have not influenced the market in a significantly sustainable manner (Décary-Hétu and Giommoni, 2016, Van Buskirk, Roxburgh, Farrell and Burns, 2014, Soska and Christin, 2015). With this in mind, this Masters thesis looks at the impact of a police operation that has not yet been analyzed, which, in collaboration with the postal services, has made an arrest and several seizures in connection with cryptomarket sellers. After analyzing the data collected according to an impact evaluation model considering supply, demand and price, the results show that, contrary to what the literature dictates, the operation had the effect of reducing significantly long-term indicators such as the number of transactions, shares of trading markets, the number of active sellers, income generated and market share of income, all within the Canadian cannabis market. The prediction model used, based on interrupted time series analyzes (ARIMA), allowed us to determine that the study had avoided 2452 transactions normally planned by the trend before the intervention, showing us a considerable drop of 101%, comparatively to 91% internationally (difference of 10%) 18 months after the beginning of the intervention.

Keyphrases: cannabis, perturbation, cryptomarket, drug, market, police operation, disruption, seller