NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Le chef scout canadien-français : son idéal, sa formation et sa mission dans quatre troupes d’Outremont (1935-1965)

The Quebec Federation of catholic scouts was founded in 1935. Its goals were demanding: it proposed to train men, Christians and citizens. Moreover, it intended to train leaders who could influence the French-Canadian society. Although headed by the Catholic Church, the Francophone Quebec scout movement was in fact dominated and directed by laymen. The Scoutmaster (SM) and the Patrol Leader (PL) were the two main lay leaders of the scout troop. They were respectively in charge of the troop (24-32 youths) and the patrol (6-8 youths). The PL was a young scout himself. The ideals and system representations conveyed to youths were transmitted through the SM and PL. They needed to be trained appropriately to respect their commitment. Beyond the regular competencies of a leader, their training proposed to transmit nothing less than an authentic dealing with the world: the ideal of Scoutmaster. Taking the scout method recommended by the Federation as a formal background, this dissertation analyses its true life actualization by Scoutmasters and Patrol Leaders of four Outremont troops. The impact of the Quiet Revolution on the traditional representation of the boyscout leader is also examined.

Keyphrases: Outremont, Leadership, Boy scouting, Outremont, Quebec, Leadership, Catholic
Contenu total en éléments traces de sols forestiers du Québec méridional

Forest soils represent an important stock of nutrients available to sustain forest productivity. They also contain an amount, still unknown, of trace elements inherited from natural or anthropogical sources. Many of these trace elements can be toxic to living organisms. Thereby, quantification of the concentration and the total content of trace elements in forest soils is necessary to asses the impact of these elements on soil quality.   The specific objectives of this research project are: 1) to measure the total content of trace elements in solid phase (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Tl, V, Y, Zn) of various soil horizons in two forest ecosystems of southern Quebec, 2) to establish significant correlations between the bioavailable fraction (water-soluble) of trace elements and soil horizons properties and 3) to compare the trace element stock of two Canadian Shield’s forest soil with those of similar soils situated in the Montreal area. To achieve these goals four soil profiles situated in the pristine region of St-Hippolyte and two in the urban area of Montréal, were excavated down to the parent material.   The results of this research have established that the trace element’s total stock is mainly concentrated in coarse fragments of the soil. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed significant links between organic carbon, organometallic complexes as well as Fe-Al oxides and the distribution of trace element in soil profiles. Finally, it was proved that Montreal’s soil contained more trace element (Ag, As, Ba, Cu, Mn, Pb, Rb, Se, Sr, Tl et Zn) than Canadian Shield’s soils.

Keyphrases: Trace element, Forest soil, Mobility, Montreal, Spatial variation, Canadian shield
Comparaison de la performance à l’exercice de patients souffrant d’insuffisance cardiaque sévère à une épreuve d’effort maximal, une épreuve sous-maximale et un test de marche

Heart failure is a pathology that significantly decreases functional capacity and life quality. Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing is usually used to evaluate the functional capacity. However, the intensity of this test is very high and difficult to complete for some patients. The objectives of the study presented in this master are: (1) to validate three different protocols that evaluate functional and aerobic capacity for patients with congestive heart failure and presenting a large QRS complex; (2) to establish the characteristics of the patients that demonstrate a better exercise tolerance despite an identical aerobic capacity; (3) to identify the consequences of the presence and the magnitude of cardiac asynchrony on the exercise tolerance and the functional capacity. All patients underwent a six minute walk test, an endurance exercise test on treadmill and also a maximal cardiopulmonary test. The results show a significant association between all tests, more importantly between submaximal tests. Also, patients with better exercise tolerance demonstrate a left ventricular mass increased compared to low exercise tolerance patients. Finally, there is no significant effect of cardiac asynchrony on exercise tolerance examined by our protocols.

Keyphrases: Congestive heart failure, Exercise testing, Cardiac asynchronism, Exercise tolerance, Functional capacity, Aerobic capacity
Effet des probiotiques Lactobacillus helveticus RO052 et Bifidobacterium longum RO175 sur la dépression post-infarctus du myocarde chez le rat

We have already shown that probiotics reduce apoptosis in the limbic system after a myocardial infarct, suggesting a potential anti-depressive role of probiotics. This study was conceived to determine if probiotics could lessen the depressive behaviour observed after a myocardial infarction (MI). We tested the hypothesis that probiotics achieve their central effects through changes in the intestinal barrier. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received probiotics (1 billion live bacteria of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) or placebo every day dissolved in drinking water , beginning one week before induction of myocardial ischemia. An infarct has been induced on half of the cohort, by the occlusion left anterior coronary artery (40 minutes) followed by reperfusion. The other half was subjected to the same procedure without coronary occlusion. One week after the infarction, the animals received probiotic treatment until sacrifice after 2 weeks. The depressive behaviour was evaluated by three tests: social interaction, forced swim and foot shock. Results: The obtained results indicate that in the absence of infarction, probiotics have no significant effect. Even though they are of the same MI gravity, the rats treated with the probiotics have shown more social interaction and have a better performance in the forced swim and foot shock tests compared to the untreated MI rats (p<0,05). Conclusion: Probiotics diminish the depressive behaviour observed after a myocardial infarction by a mechanism which could implicate the integrity of the intestine barrier.

Keyphrases: inflammation, Probiotics, myocardial infarction, depression, intestine
Évaluation des systèmes symboliques des symptômes biomédicaux pour la création d’une interface graphique pluriculturelle de l’échelle de triage canadien

At the crossroads of anthropology, communicational and technology approach, this dissertation aims to provide a vision of the emergency room where cultural differences between the medical staff and the patients confront themselves creating communicational difficulties. To overcome the linguistic barriers, a visual support is considered as an alternative solution. In this way, the problematic is seen through the concepts of perception, comprehension, interpretation and graphic representation witch are examined by the visual culture, semiotic and hermeneutic theories. The symbolic systems of 150 images illustrating three gastro-enteritis symptoms have been analyzed following a quantitative and qualitative methodology in order to reveal their denotative and connotative significations. The results showed the existence of a new visual culture that presents a hybrid and pluricultural iconographic code. Based on these findings, new hypothesis concerning the impact of a visual support on the communicational dynamic could be proposed.

Keyphrases: Altered Communicational dynamic, Therapeutic imprint, Visual support, Hybrid symbolic code
Étude de situations de validation en algèbre vécues par des élèves de 13 et 14 ans à l’aide et sans l’aide d’un forum électronique

One of the goals of learning mathematics is the development of reasoning, because it is essential to understand mathematics. Closely related to reasoning, the notion of proof is also fundamental in the learning of mathematics, because it allows students to establish the validity of mathematical arguments and put a sense on various concepts through logical explanation of their work. However, in spite of the importance placed on the development of the capacity to reason mathematically, several students are confronted with difficulties during the development or the evaluation of proofs. This study examined the impact of the use of a discussion forum on the development of algebraic validation skills as well as on the development of skills linked with the evaluation of the proof process in algebra with 13 and 14 year old students from New Brunswick and Quebec (Canada). The results lead us to believe that the use of the electronic forum encourages the passage from pragmatic proofs to intellectual proofs. It also seems to facilitate an adequate use of the rules of the mathematical debate.

Keyphrases: Algebra, Electronic forum, Proof, Reasoning, Rules of the mathematical debate, Situations of validation
Les migrations pendulaires à Montréal : analyse de l'offre de service des transports collectifs

Times change and the New Temporalities have modified the individual’s organization of time. The new information technologies combined with high car dependence contribute to urban sprawl and to the increase in distance for commuters. Thousands of daily moves made by commuters, moving in an urban territory, are not without consequences. A massive use of public transportation would lead to a decrease of inconveniences associated with daily commuting. Public transit companies have to provide commuters with excellent service. The offer has to be adapted to people’s needs, in order to reach a mass of users. The New Temporalities have modified the way most people use their time. The goal of this research is, then, to verify if the public transit supply of « La Société de Transport de Montréal et la Ville de Montréal» is adapted to today’s commuters’ needs.

Keyphrases: Bus, Commuting transport, Ville, City, Urban, Origin destination study metro, Montréal, Montreal, Urban sprawl, New temporality, Transport, Transport, Transit
Planification territoriale et résilience des villes au lendemain de catastrophes naturelles : regards croisés sur le rétablissement de la Nouvelle-Orléans en Louisiane et de La Baie au Saguenay

A higher rate of catastrophic events has brought societies to set out the conditions of proactive “natural” risk management. As a result, and from an exploratory perspective, we are studying post-disaster recovery planning processes and the importance of the concept of urban resilience in these planning practices as well as the contents and products which stem from it. More specifically, we begin reflecting upon the intelligibility and operationalization of resilience. To do so, we will focus on two significant cases of flooding in North America: New Orleans, Louisiana, and the city of La Baie, Quebec, which were respectively victims of hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005 and of torrential rain in 1996. After a brief contextualization of these disasters, of their effects and of the physico-spatial vulnerabilities that they highlighted, we will link pre-disaster institutional logic regarding territorial planning, urban planning, and city risk management. Next, we observe the evolution of these two recovery planning processes as well as their characteristic issues and debates, finishing with a overview of subsequent resiliency changes. The last two chapters demonstrate that the quality of resilience of cities is strongly influenced by political, administrative and legislative culture as well as urban traditions. While they were able to design risk prevention strategies which accept flooding rather than trying to oppose it at all costs, they did not fully grasp all the opportunities that were offered to them.

Keyphrases: Recovery planning, Urban planning, Disaster, Flood hazard, Urban resilience, Prevention, Mitigation, New Orleans, La Baie, La Baie, Saguenay, Saguenay
Réduire l'écart entre les identités revendiquées et une identité assignée : des femmes de culture musulmane engagées dans l'espace public québécois

Based on the sociology of ethnic relations and symbolic interactionism, this master thesis aims at analyzing how women of Muslim culture involved in the Quebec public sphere interact with the stereotypes by which they are characterized in society but to which they do not associate themselves. Starting from the premise that there is a dominant ethnicizing discourse depicting Muslim women as being « submissive » and « vulnerable », these women are assigned a depreciative identity they do not share. They perceive a discrepancy between their own identity, which is the one they want to be perceived as, and their assigned identity.Starting from semi-structured interviews, this master thesis proposes a typology of women of Muslim culture involved in the public sphere. This typology is use to analyze how they perceive the dominant discourse and the reactions it evokes in them. The results suggest that these involved women develop identity strategies to confirm and reinforce the identity they wish to be recognized by the majority society. These strategies revealed the porosity of ethnic boundaries, since some of them will adopt strategies oriented to « similarisation » with majority while others will seek to differentiate themselves.

Keyphrases: Women of Muslim culture, Stereotypes, Majority/minority, Identity, Ethnic boundaries, Identity strategies
Le développement d’une séquence d’enseignement/apprentissage basée sur l’histoire de la numération pour des élèves du troisième cycle du primaire

Our practical context -we teach gifted fifth grade students in an International School- has greatly influenced this research. Indeed, the International Primary Years Programme (International Baccalaureate Organization, 2007) fosters transdisciplinary themes, including one intitled Where we are in place and time. Our students are also expected to follow the Quebec education program schools (Ministry of Education, Recreation and Sport, 2001) with the development of competencies such as: To solve situational problem and the introduction of a novelty: the Cultural References. After the literature review, the history of mathematics seems very appropriate. However, there are few educational resources for primary teachers. This is the reason why we propose creating the resources by drawing upon the constructivist approach, an approach recommended by our two curricula (OBI and MELS).  We bring to light the advantages of integrating the history of mathematics for students (increased interest and motivation, change in their perception of mathematics and improvement in learning and understanding mathematics). We also highlight the difficulties in introducing a historical approach to teaching mathematics and suggest various ways to explore it. Then we define the mathematical concepts of the study: arithmetic and counting and we remark their importance in the Primary Mathematics Curriculum. We then describe the six selected number systems (Sumerian, Egyptian, Babylonian, Chinese, Roman and Mayan) as well as our current system: the Indo-Arabic system. Finally, we discuss the difficulties students may encounter due to some teaching practices or textbooks on counting.  We situate our study in the research of science of education especially on applied research and the contributions of the teacher research reconciliation between research and practice, the improvement of teaching and / or learning and a reflection within the teaching practice). Also, we reveal the possible biases that can be encountered in a pedagogical research and thus, to better avoid them. Finally, we describe the tools used to collect our data and look at the requirements for scientific rigor.  Next, we describe our teaching sequence activities in details. These activities include the discovery of how the different number systems work (using worksheets and old notations) and how the people using the same systems do their additions and subtractions and how they do their multiplications and divisions. Finally, we analyze our data from a daily diary supported by video recordings, students’ posters, the comprehension tests and the evaluation questionnaire. Our study leads us to conclude the relevance of this sequence in our context: interest and motivation, perception of mathematics and learning achieved. We also discuss constructivism and a dimension not provided: the development of mathematical communication.

Keyphrases: Arithmetic, Number system, History of mathematics, Teaching sequence, Recherche-action, Action research, Elementary graduate
Study of cox1 trans-splicing in Diplonema papillatum mitochondria

Diplonema papillatum is a single cellular organism that lives in the ocean. Its mitochondrial genome possesses a special feature: all genes are fragmented in multiple pieces that are called modules and each module is encoded by a different chromosome. Expression of a gene requires trans-splicing that successfully assemble a full-length mRNA from all modules of the gene. It was previously shown that the cox1 gene is encoded in nine modules that are all located on different chromosomes; moreover, a stretch of six non-encoded Us exist between Module 4 and 5 in the mature mRNA [1]. No consensus sequence of known splicing sites was identified near the modules. We speculate that trans-splicing of the cox1 gene is directed by guide RNAs (gRNAs) via a mechanism that is similar to U-insertion/deletion editing in kinetoplastids, the sister group of diplonemids. We have detected populations of small RNA molecules that could come from mitochondrial. We found that the six Us were added to the 3’ end of Module 4 in a similar way to the Us added by the TUTase in kinetoplastid U-insertional editing. Sequence profiles of possible trans-splicing gRNAs were constructed in regular expressions based on our knowledge of known gRNAs in kinetoplastid RNA editing. According to the complementarity between the gRNA and the two adjacent modules, primers were designed for RT-PCR that aims to detect gRNA sequences. Among the results, we identified sequences that match or partially match the gRNA profiles. A pilot in vitro assay did not reconstitute trans-splicing of module 3, 4 and 5, suggesting that further technical improvements are needed.

Keyphrases: Diplonema papillatum, cox1, RT-PCR, guide RNA, trans-splicing, mitochondria, kinetoplastids, Diplonema papillatum, cox1, RT-PCR
Développement, mise à l’essai et évaluation qualitative d’une intervention infirmière dyadique auprès de couples âgés vivant avec la maladie de Parkinson au stade modéré

In Quebec, nearly 25 000 people are affected by Parkinson’s disease (PD). They are, for the most part, elders cared for by their spouse. At the moderate stage, PD alters the couples health and quality of life. This stage of the illness offers opportunities for dyadic interventions, as these couples experiment growing losses requiring numerous adjustments. Nevertheless, no study had yet explored their intervention needs during this transition and few interventions to support them have been the object of evaluative studies.  Based on transition theory by Meleis and colleagues (2000) and on family systems approach by Wright and Leahey (2009), the purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a dyadic intervention oriented towards elderly couples living with PD at the moderate stage. To achieve this goal, a qualitative design and a participative approach were privileged. The Intervention Mapping framework by Bartholomew and colleagues (2006) and the analytic methods developed by Miles and Huberman (2003) were used to conceptualize and evaluate the intervention. The study took place in an ambulatory clinic specialized in PD. Ten couples and four health professionals collaborated to the intervention development. Three new couples tested and evaluated the intervention.      The dyadic intervention consists of seven sessions of 90 minutes, held every second week. The themes of the sessions and the intervention methods and strategies are based on the couples needs and goals, as well as on specific theories and empirical findings. The intervention is oriented towards dyads concerns, health promotion, problem solving, access to resources, communication, and role adjustments.   The study results showed the feasibility, the acceptability and the utility of the intervention. The main benefits observed by the dyads are the adoption of health behaviors, the finding of solutions adapted to various situations and favorable to both partners, the skills to get help and services, and the increased feelings of mastery, mutual support, pleasure and hope. This study can illuminate nurses involved in different domains of practice and interested in developing and evaluating dyadic interventions that are ecologically and theoretically based.

Keyphrases: Parkinson, couples, Parkinson's, elderly patients, caregivers, dyads, nursing intervention, intervention mapping, development, qualitative evaluation
Le Musée de l'Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal : un outil d'évangélisation

Throughout the ages, the Church has employed the arts. In the middle ages, in particular, the adornments of cathedrals (sculptures, frescoes, stained-glass) were prized not only for their aesthetic appeal but also for their didactic potential—concrete techniques for catechizing and evangelizing. The nativity scenes mounted in the Museum of Saint Joseph's Oratory of Mount Royal can be viewed from this perspective.  Taking into consideration this mission of evangelization incumbent on the Church, along side the emphasis on the visual in present-day culture and society, we intend to take as a starting point the exhibit of creches during the Christmas season 2009 at the Oratory to see how they might contribute to the effort at evangelization and to the enrichment of Christianity and Christians.  In the final analysis, the nativity scene is essentially a work of faith, (not only as regards the faith of the artist but also the faith-experience of the person who looks at it) under the category of a devotion to the Holy Family. In world of change, where the visual arts are considered crucial, this method of evangelization is well-suited to the context of de-Christianization and may be considered as complementary to the traditional methods of evangelization based on speech. They are complementary not in the sense of “going from town to town, preaching and announcing the Good News of the Kingdom of God” (Luke 8, 1) to those who have never heard of Christ, but in the sense of stimulating the curiosity of non-Christian viewers, rekindling the interest of those who no longer practice, and supporting and deepening the faith of the devoted.  Keywords: Christianity – Church – transmission – evangelization – education in the faith – museum – nativity scenes – Saint Joseph’s Oratory.

Keyphrases: transmission, Christianity, Church, transmission, evangelization, education in the faith, museum, nativity scenes, Saint Joseph's Oratory