NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Développement de composés conjugués en étoile de première génération incluant des liens azométhines et études électrochimiques et photophysiques

Conjugated materials are been used in many applications and fundamental research, owing in part to their high degree of conjugation.  They further have opto-electronic properties that are compatible for use as conjugated materials in many devices including solar cells, organic field effect transistors, organic light emitting diodes and electrochromic devices. The latter are of particular interest because their colors that can be changed when a potential is applied. The advantage of these color switching materials compared to other opto-electronic devices is their simple fabrication that can be done under ambient conditions. Electrochromic devices have found many consumer applications including mirrors, tunable windows, camouflage and electronic paper, to name a few examples.  The focus of our research group is the preparation of new conjugated materials based on azomethine. Previous efforts from the group demonstrated that azomethines having the required properties for use in electrochromic devices (electrochemical reversibility and air stability) were possible when using a 2,5-diaminothiophene derivative as a building block.  It was also demonstrated that color tuning of both the neutral and oxidized states was possible when coupling 2,5-diaminothiophene with various heterocyclic arylaldehydes.  Despite the many examples of azomethines studied in our group, fundamental structure-property relationships of these conjugated materials are still not understood. The objective of this thesis was therefore to prepare to new conjugated azomethines from triarylamine aldehydes.  The objective was also to examine the opto-electronic properties of these novel azomethines, including the effect of the degree of conjugation and type of triphenylamine aldehyde precursor on the absorbance, electrochemical properties, and fluorescence.

Keyphrases: dopage, fluorescence, triphenylamine, thiophene, azomethine, fluorescence, doping, electrochemistry
Les bactéries exprimant AIDA-I interagissent avec l'apolipoprotéine A-I cellulaire

The adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA-I) is an important autotransporter adhesin expressed by some strains of Escherichia coli and is involved in the intestinal colonisation of weaned piglets, causing the postweaning diarrhea and the edema disease. A previous study from our laboratory identified the apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) from porcine serum, the structural protein of high density lipoproteins, as a putative receptor of AIDA-I. The interaction between these two proteins must be characterized. Here, we show that purified AIDA-I, using an ELISA assay, is able to bind the human ApoAI and the apolipoprotein B and E2. The ApoAI is found under two forms, either free or bound to lipid. We show that the free form of ApoAI does not interact with AIDA-I+ bacteria but specifically interact with membrane bound ApoAI on Hep-2 epithelial cells. To study the role of ApoAI in the adhesion of bacteria, we infected Hep-2 cells preincubated with antibodies to ApoAI. The adhesion of AIDA-I+ bacteria to the cells couldn’t be reduced. Additionally, the induction of ApoAI synthesis using fenofibrate and GW7647 on polarized Caco-2 or Hep G2 cells did not increase the adhesion of AIDA-I+ bacteria. Our study suggests that the interaction between AIDA-I and ApoAI is not involved in the cellular adhesion of the bacteria.

Keyphrases: Autotransporter, AIDA-I, Escherichia coli, Bacterial adhesion, Apoliporotein AI, Lipoprotein, Reverse cholesterol transport
Towards a new Qur’ânic hermeneutics based on historico-critical and intertextual approaches : the case of the crucifixion of Jesus in the tafâsîr of eight muslim exegetes

The Qur’ân, together with the sunnah (tradition) of the Prophet Muḥammad recounted in aḥâdîth (oral traditions of the Prophet), form the eternal source of inspiration and knowledge upon which the Muslim communities have acted and reacted to, as well as interacted with. Externally, their relations with many others, including Christians, have followed the same dynamics, as seen in the mirror of the Qur’ân and its interpretations. The topics of the divine nature of Jesus, the trinity, and the crucifixion of Jesus and his death on the cross, have been commonly considered the three main theological points of disagreement between Muslims and Christians. The Qur’ân’s clear position vis-à-vis the first two points do not leave any space for scholarly debates. However, despite Muslims’ actual consensus on denying Jesus’ crucifixion and death, the Qur’ânic ambiguous image of Jesus’ last day on earth has caused many discussions among mufassirûn (exegetes of the Qur’ân). This thesis is a textual analysis of the two Qur’ânic passages on this debated point of difference. For this textual and intertextual study, the tafâsîr (interpretations of the Qur’ân) of eight mufassirûn belonging to different madhâhib (schools of interpretation) from various periods in the history of Muslim-Christian relations are used in combination with recent textual approaches and methods such as: historico-citical and redaction critical. In addition, three new theories developed within this dissertation complete the hermeneutical tools employed for this research: the “theory of five layers of meaning,” the “theory of double messages of the Qur’ân,” and the “theory of humans’ tripartite nature.” In the light of these theories and methods, it emerges that the Qur’ânic ambiguity on Jesus’ crucifixion and death may well be the Qur’ân’s own invitation to Muslims and Christians to live with that unresolvable ambiguity. This dissertation’s conclusion thus contributes directly to better Muslim-Christian relations, reinforcing the Qur’ânic call to both Muslims and Christians (Qur’ân 3:64, 103) to focus on major common points, to embrace minor differences, and to spend their energy on what might have a positive impact on their harmonious co-habitation, abandoning the rest in the hands of God in whom both believe.

Keyphrases: Qur’ân 3:55 and 4:157, Jesus, Crucifixion, Death, nabawî, nafs, rûḥ, Hermeneutics, Intertextual and Historico-critical Approaches, Crucifixion, nabawî, nafs, rûḥ
Magie de Noël à la résidence intermédiaire : un conte urbain

The following urban tale is a fiction inspired by a tragic event that took place in Montreal in December 2009. This urban tale illustrates ethical issues representing key questions related to the protection of vulnerable populations, that is, institutionalized elders and negligent supervision of intermediate resources by various government agencies. Who has the responsibility to ensure the welfare of these individuals?

Keyphrases: population vulnérable, urban tale, vulnerable population, intermediate resources, neglect, institutional responsibility
Un état des lieux des archives audiovisuelles : comparaison entre la France, le Québec et le Canada

This research compares the organizations which preserve audiovisual archives in France, Québec and Canada. The organization's networks are analysed in order to understand which institutions are prominent hubs. The first section analyses the legal deposit. Then, the structure of the networks is considered. Finally, this essay try to show how professional documentation and information  run in the networks.

Keyphrases: audiovisual archives, France, Québec, Canada, archives sonores, sound archives, legal deposit, archival networks, Europe
La détermination de la peine et les Autochtones du Nord-du-Québec : une analyse comparative intra et inter-juridictionnelle des pratiques en matière de détermination de peines

This study focuses on the factors that affect sentencing process in Northern Quebec. Its main objective is to examine disparities in sentences received by Inuit, Crees and by offenders of others judicial districts in the province of Quebec. Disparities in the sentencing process imply that similar offenders having committed similar offenses receive significantly different sentences. In order to determine the existence of unequal treatment, this study compares the sentence type decisions and the length of the sentences of convicted offenders. This paper presents descriptive and multivariate analysis using data on sentencing practices in the judicial districts of Gaspe, Bonaventure, Alma, Roberval, Rouyn-Noranda, Temiscamingue, Baie-Comeau, Mingan and Abitibi between 2000 and 2010. The findings reveal the existence of disparities in sentences outcomes between Crees and Inuit offenders. Inuit offenders are more likely to receive sentences involving incarceration and inmates tend to receive longer sentences than Crees convicted for the same offense and having similar characteristics. However, while there are indications of judicial inconsistencies in sentences outcomes between Inuit and offenders of others judicial districts, they seem far less apparent. In fact, Crees offenders generally receive a more lenient treatment than those of the others judicial districts. The results tend to demonstrate that the discrepancies between the sentences received by Crees and Inuit offenders progressively increased between 2000 and 2010.

Keyphrases: Crees, Northern Quebec, Judicial districts, Sentencing, Disparity, Differential treatment
Disease, Disparities and Decision Making: Mandatory HIV Testing of Prospective Immigrants to Canada

This case study explores ethical issues with Canada’s immigration policy and the requirement of mandatory HIV testing of prospective immigrants. Attention is directed to the official immigration medical examination (IME) because it is a key site within the immigration system. The following four issues are raised: the differences in official and experiential knowledge claims about what activities occur (or not) in the IME when an applicant is diagnosed with HIV; the exceptional treatment of HIV within the Canadian immigration program; the discursive organization of the HIV testing policy; and, the inadequacies with how specific practices are enacted in the processing of immigration applications made by people living with HIV.

Keyphrases: immigration medical examination, immigration policy, mandatory HIV testing, law, panel physician, social organization of knowledge
Le processus d’attribution rénale québécois défavorise-t-il les patients en attente d’une greffe combinée rein-pancréas?

In organ transplantation, there is a significant gap between the number of organs available and the number of patients waiting. To better distribute these organs, allocation rules are based on principles of equity and medical utility. In this case study, we will illustrate the difficulties associated with the implementation of an allocation system. The aim is to ensure a fair distribution of kidney transplants while also taking into account the principle of utility, and this for all patients, including those waiting for a combined kidney-pancreas transplant.

Keyphrases: pancreas-kidney transplantation, allocation procedure, equity, utility, Quebec
Dévoiler ou non son statut VIH à son professionnel de la santé? Un dilemme important

This case study raises clinical and ethical implications related to disclosure of HIV status of a person when visiting a health care professional, such as a dentist. The goal is to help understand the dilemma experienced by people living with HIV when disclosing their HIV status, and so raise awareness of the discrimination that they can experience in healthcare settings, with a view implementing appropriate practices to prevent infection while ensure respect for patients regardless of HIV status.

Keyphrases: Discrimination, HIV, Disclosure, Healthcare professional, Discrimination, Access to healthcare
Ethical Considerations of Dissemination and Restitution of Findings in Global Health Research

This case study discusses ethical obligations regarding the extent and scope of knowledge dissemination and restitution strategies in the context of global health research.

Keyphrases: knowledge dissemination, knowledge restitution, knowledge translation, knowledge transfer, ethics, global health research
L'effet de la disponibilité des armes à feu sur le taux d'homicide au Canada de 1974 à 2006

The debate surrounding the effects of gun availability on homicide rates have continuously been going on between scholars for the last decades. Relying on the Canadian context regarding the use of a firearm in homicides, this study evaluates the relationship between gun availability and homicide rates in Canada using pooled-time series analyses. Data used in this study comes from Statistics Canada’s Homicide Survey, the Uniform Crime Report Survey (UCR), Juristat’s catalogues and from catalogues produced by Statistics Canada on the causes of death in the country. Globally, results show positive and significant relationships between the two phenomena over time. Analyses at time t-1 and t-2 allow us to, on one hand notice negative and significant relationships between homicide rates and gun availability. One the other hand,positive and significant relationships were found between gun availability and homicide rates. Analyses suggest that there is a reciprocal relationship between homicide ratesand gun availability in Canada for the period under study. Additional studies using different aggregation levels are needed to pinpoint the specific effects of gun availability and homicide rates on each other. However, the present results tend to give greater support the selfprotection and defensive gun use hypotheses. Results also underline the importance of developing distinct proxies to capture the relationships between the availability of specific firearms and particular homicide rates in Canada

Keyphrases: Canada, homicide rates, gun availability, long-guns, handguns, Quebec, Canada, self-protection, defensive gun use, facilitator, tactical displacement
Winterreise et Die sieben Todsünden :
un regard sur l’aliénation du sujet moderne

Alienation, the principal source of the modern malaise, denotes the state of a human being who is caught between what he is and what he ought to be. My dissertation will demonstrate that the depiction of this ontological deficiency in vocal music exists under different modalities, subjective and objective. Beguiled by a work dealing with the topic of alienation within the subjective mode, the listener is made vulnerable to its charm and sympathizes with its alienated protagonist. Colliding with a work of the objective type, the spectator discovers that he is confronted by a piece that seeks to prevent any emotional identification with the characters. Starting from, but not limited to, the perspective of traditional hermeneutics and criticism, my research aims at a deeper understanding of alienation in music during the modern Germanic period (within the limits of the 19th and 20th centuries). Franz Schubert’s (and Wilhelm Müller’s) Winterreise and Kurt Weill’s (and Bertolt Brecht’s) ballet-chanté Die sieben Todsünden exemplify the different modalities of alienation, subjective and objective respectively. I approach the concept of alienation from various angles : the first chapter retraces its development within a history of ideas (philosophy, theology, aesthetics, social sciences, psychoanalysis); chapters 2, 3, and 5 begin to study its subjective and objective articulations by investigating the genesis and reception of Winterreise and Die sieben Todsünden; analytical chapters 4 and 6 offer and an in-depth investigation into these works in relation to their particular modality of alienation. In Winterreise, many elements combine to confer a phenomenological quality to the music (understood as the mimesis of an interior, subjective space) in the hopes that it will stir the audience’s sympathy : note the presence of a double (the hurdy-gurdy player), first-person narration by an anonymous, yet expressive, speaker, and so on. Many musical features support the effect : different topoi (tropes of distance, marching and sighing figures, etc.), the symbolic use of major and minor modes, the subversion of meanings attributed to different genres (waltz, Volkslied, opera, etc.), the subjective quality of metrical and formal dissonances, and the mediated aspect of sounds that the wanderer hears or imagines. The alienation-effect (Verfremdungseffekt) caused by Die sieben Todsünden is altogether contrastive. It encourages its listener to take a critical attitude toward the alienation of Anna, the protagonist. The narrative tone, the distortion of commonplaces (literary and musical), the arid melodies, the ironic style (sarcastic use of barbershop music, Protestant chorals, the shimmy, moto perpetuo, the waltz, etc.), and tonal ambiguity contribute to the sardonic tone of a work that urges critical distance.

Keyphrases: Alienation, Franz Schubert, Franz Schubert, Kurt Weill, Kurt Weill, Winterreise, Winterreise, Die sieben Todsünden, Die sieben Todsünden, Hermeneutics, Aesthetics, Subjectivity, Objectivity, Distanciation effect
Étude des mécanismes cellulaires activés par l'Angiopoïétine-1 et le VEGF régulant la perméabilité et la migration endothéliales

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from a pre-existing vascular network. It is an essential mechanism for many physiological and pathological conditions. Also, the general mechanism in both conditions remains the same. VEGF and its receptor VEGFR-2 have been proven to be specific and critical for blood vessel formation. The Angiopoietin-1 receptor, Tie2, is required for vascular development as well as in tumor angiogenesis. It is known that the activation of Tie2 is required for vascular stabilization by inhibiting vascular permeability induced by VEGFR-2. First, we found that the pro-angiogenic growth factor, Ang-1 counteracts the effects of VEGF-induced permeability by inhibiting NO production by endothelial cells. This inhibitory effect of Tie2 acts directly on eNOS activity. Following activation of Tie2 by Ang-1, eNOS becomes highly phosphorylated on the inhibitory site, the Thr497, following PKCζ phosphorylation and activation. Our results suggest that the inhibition by Tie2 of vascular permeability during angiogenesis is due, in part, to the inhibition of NO production.  In our second study we distinguished between two types of endothelial cell migration induced by Ang-1 and VEGF. At the opposite of Ang-1 that induced collective and directional cell migration, VEGF promoted individual and random cell motility. We identified β-catenin as a new molecular partner of PKCζ. This association of PKCζ with β-catenin brings the Par6-aPKC polarity complex and the adherens junctions complex to interact with each other at two different locations in endothelial cells. PKCζ/β-catenin complex is located specifically at cell-cell contacts to maintain cohesion and cell adhesion necessary for the collective migration process. This complex was located also at the leading edge of endothelial cells during migration to ensure the directionality and the persistence of migration in response to Ang-1. In addition, inhibition of PKCζ or β-catenin switched the migration mode, in response to Ang-1, from directional and collective to a more random and individual cell migration which resembles the type of migration of endothelial cells exposed to VEGF. These results were confirmed in vivo by aberrant cell polarity and cell adhesion defects of tip cell during vascular sprouting of intersegmental vessels in PKCζ deficient zebrafish embryos.  In summary, Ang-1/Tie2 modulates endothelial cell signaling and biological responses induced by VEGF/VEGFR-2. The identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the action of these two receptors, VEGFR-2 and Tie2, and the understanding of the different signaling pathways activated by these molecular complexes will allow us to identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of angiogenic diseases treatment.

Keyphrases: VEGF, Migration, eNOS, PKCζ, Endothelial cells, VEGF, Angiopoietin-1, Permeability, Migration, Polarity, eNOS, PKCζ, Adherens junctions
Alliance Politics in Hybrid Regimes :
Political Stability and Instability since World War II

The thesis studies stability and instability in hybrid regimes. The research question is: under which conditions the authority of the elites in power is recognized or contested? Our answer rests on the inclusive or exclusive dimension of the ruling coalition: that is, the strategic alliance between the ruling elites and dominant social groups. Inclusion favors consent and stability whereas exclusion favors contention and instability. The composition of the ruling coalition depends on (i) the degree of extra-legal organized violence and (ii) the degree of state penetration over the territory and in the economy. The first variable identifies which social group in the state (military officers) or in the regime (opposition parties) is dominant and influences the forms of political communication with the ruling elites. The second variable identifies which social group in the state (bureaucrats) or in society (local leaders) is dominant and shapes the relation between regions and the center. The thesis contribution is to deepen our understanding of political institutions in hybrid regimes by focusing on the identity of dominant social groups according to a given context. It offers a simple, flexible and original model that allow us to grasp causal relations that would otherwise be counter-intuitive. Hence, political stability is also possible in a country where the state is weak and/or rebellion movements exist; and instability in the opposite context. It all comes down to the composition of the ruling coalition. In order to illustrate the line of reasoning and unfold the richness of our framework, a comparative historical analysis of the ruling coalition in Malaysia (1957-2010), Indonesia (1945-1998), Senegal (1960-2010) and Paraguay (1945-2008) is used. The main conclusion is that the two variables are key. One without the other necessarily amounts to an incomplete explanation of political alliances at stake when dealing with conditions of stability and instability in hybrid regimes.

Keyphrases: Régime hybride, Hybrid regime, political stability, political instability, ruling coalition, military officers, opposition parties, bureaucrats, local leaders, extra-legal organized violence, state penetration