NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Fichte und die Urteilstheorie Heinrich Rickerts

In the second edition of his book Der Gegenstand der Erkenntnis (1904), Rickert uses the expression “primacy of practical reason”, which was not mentioned in the first edition of 1892. I argue that this addition by the ‘neo-Kantian’ Rickert is not inspired by Kant, but rather by Fichte. We must say however that, meanwhile, Rickert has supervised the PhD dissertation of Emil Lask on Fichte. The advantage of Fichte’s model of practical philosophy is that it enables to consider the recognition of the truth of a theoretical judgment as an “ought” (Sollen) taken in a broad sense. This model offers for Rickert the opportunity to distance himself from the Kantian paradigm of the judgment of taste, implicitly present in the 1892 edition. He takes his distances from the aesthetic paradigm, which is considered to be too closely associated with Romanticism.

Keyphrases: Rickert, Fichte, Kant, Lask, Theoretic judgment, Practical philosophy, Aesthetics
Interventions d’optimisation de l’étendue de pratique des infirmières d’une unité de gériatrie : observations et mobilisations de connaissances

The ability of nurses to establish an optimal practice is an effective way for the health care system to address aging issues and complex care demands (Doebbling and Flanagan 2011, Ganz, Toren and Fadlon 2016). However, different studies including those of D'Amour, Dubois, Déry and Clarke (2012) and Déry (2014) reported a suboptimal practice of nurses in different care settings including geriatrics which is the second most employing field of nurses in Quebec (Marleau, 2018).  This report presents the results of an internship conducted on a geriatric unit whose purpose was to initiate knowledge mobilization activities and observation of their practice to reinforce the effective practice of nurses. An observation grid adapted from the Actual Scope of Nursing Practice (ASCOP) and the Safer Nursing Care Tool (SNCT), was developed to observe nursing practice in real time and identify the dimensions most frequently used of those less used.  Assessment and care planning achieved a utilization rate of (14.6%), quality of care and patient safety (24.5%), communication and coordination of care (17.7%), clerical activities (13%), teaching patients and family (1.5%), integration and staff supervision (1%), knowledge updating and utilization (1%), personal activities (2%). Following the results, nurses provided recommendations to optimize their practice through knowledge mobilization activities. The dimension of education (1.5%) was found more challenging, they suggested targeting key moments that promote teaching and a more active involvement of families. A committee of nurses has been set up to work with their peers to reinforce the least optimal dimensions.

Keyphrases: Nursing scope of practice, Geriatric unit, Full scope of practice, Effective practice, Knowledge mobilization
Feder et Kant en 1787. Le § 27 de la déduction transcendantale

Certain pieces of evidence allow us to show that in paragraph 27 of the CPR Kant’s reference to the necessity that is “felt” (gefühlt) by the knowing subject on the occasion of a causal relation is not aimed primarily at Hume’s empiricism, but at G. H. Feder’s. Stung by the critique directed against him in Feder’s On Space and Causality published at the beginning of 1787, Kant reacts to the solution proposed in this book in order to justify the objectivity of the causal link. In paragraph 27 Kant argues that the flawed solution put forward by Feder to avoid the sceptic consequences of Hume’s empiricism implies a certain form of innatism and of pre-established harmony, a criticism that Kant had already addressed to Crusius in 1772.

Keyphrases: Kant, Feder, Hume, Crusius, Causality, Feeling, Pre-established harmony, Sentiment
Rêves dysphoriques et agression sexuelle : contenu thématique des cauchemars d'enfants victimes

This exploratory study describes the thematic content of nightmares reported by sexually abused (SA) children. The nightmare reports were collected at the Centre d’expertise MarieVincent during assessment interviews of children for whom allegations of SA were substantiated. A total of 63 dream reports from 51 girls and 12 boys between 4 and 14 years of age (M: 9.7) were transcribed. The reports were subsequently analysed for thematic content and with Hall & Van de Castle’s dream coding system (interactions, characters, emotions, misfortunes). The differential relations between the children’s specific trauma history (frequency, severity, poly-victimization, victim’s gender, age of first occurrence of abuse, relationship with the perpetrator) and dream content variables were also explored. The most frequently reported themes in this sample of nightmares involved the presence of creatures or malicious animals (31.7%), physical abuse or explicit violence (23.8%) and sexual abuse (22.2%). While chi-square statistical analyses used to test differential impacts of trauma history on dream content were non-significant, some moderate effect sizes were found. The results are discussed in relation to the broader literature on nightmare content and the study’s limits and future research venues presented.

Keyphrases: Clinical psychology, Dysphoric dreams, Nightmares, Sexual abuse, Children
La conscience morale : Kant, héritier de Wolff et de Baumgarten?

For his conception of conscience (Gewissen), Kant leaves aside two elements that Wolff includes in his definition, namely conscience (1) as a determining criterion of the good and (2) as an incentive for accomplishing the good. Yet, if the Critique of Practical Reason (1788) settles these two problems without recourse to conscience, relying rather on, respectively, the practical power of judgment (subsumption under the law) and the feeling of respect, what role can Kant still assign to the Gewissen in the Metaphysics of Morals of 1797? Answer: conscience intervenes in the context of a concrete course of action and it urges the moral agent to proceed within him/herself to the careful examination of the implications of the action to be undertaken. It is a matter of responsibility concerning the concrete action and its consequences.

Keyphrases: Kant, Wolff, Baumgarten, Conscience, Responsibility
L’enracinement du mal dans la subjectivité chez Kant

This article proceeds to a close examination of the botanical terminology used by Kant in his work on Religion, and in particular in its first part “On Radical Evil in Human Nature.” If there is in Kant something like a “root” of evil, we must admit that the good also has its own root. Yet Kant takes great care to explain that evil cannot be “grafted” on the root of the good, since otherwise it would contaminate it forever. In consequence radical evil cannot spoil practical reason as such. Evil is here implicitly compared by Kant with an epiphytic plant as opposed to a parasitic plant. But how can we then reconcile these organic (naturalistic) metaphors with Kant’s insistence on the strictly subjective character of the decision for the good or the bad, that is: with the stress put on consciousness in morals, be it Bewusstsein, Gewissen or Gesinnung?

Keyphrases: Kant, Greffon, Radical evil, Root, Epiphytic/parasitic, Graft
La méthodologie éthique de Kant

This article raises the following question : Is it because of a mere architectonic concern that Kant closes his Doctrine of Virtue of 1797 with a “Doctrine of Method,” without however being convinced of the intrinsic value of this last section devoted to the ethical Didactic and Ascetic? My answer is no and I would like to argue that Kant on the contrary introduces here highly relevant developments for his ethics, namely regarding a mixed catechistic method based on a Socratic approach as well as on a careful memorizing of the ethical principles. With regard to ascetic on the other hand, we notice a progress over the founding works of the 1780s concerning the role of sensibility in morals. In fact Kant takes into account Schiller’s criticism and reiterates the answer he had briefly sketched in his Religion (1793). Kantian ascetic can in no way be depicted as “monastic.”

Keyphrases: Kant, Schiller, Affects, Didactic, Ascetic, Socratic method
Développement cognitif des enfants épileptiques : contribution du stress

Epilepsy is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an onset mainly during childhood, and is linked to life-long cognitive deficits. In this article, we suggest that stress could negatively influence the cognitive development in children suffering from epilepsy. The object of this article is to present two explanations that are complementary and cumulative regarding the link between stress and cognitive development in epileptic children and to review the current knowledge regarding them. First, stress influences seizures’ frequency and severity, which influences cognitive development. Secondly, stress causes cognitive deficits which might be added to the cognitive deficits caused by seizures.

Keyphrases: Convulsions, Stress, Epilepsy, Seizure, Stress, Anxiety, Hippocampus
La critique et sa métaphysique

This paper takes as its starting point the analysis of the metaphor of « epigenesis » introduced in Paragraph 27 of the CPR. After an examination of the superiority of this model over the theories of preformation and of the generatio aequivoca, I turn to the precritical works such as the Dissertation of 1770, in which epigenesis is used implicitly to explain the origin of the representations of pure space and time, as well as the Only Possible Basis… of 1763, where Kant’s metaphysical motivation for preferring epigenesis over preformation comes to the fore. This metaphysical option could be depicted, following K. Ameriks, as the “restraint argument.”

Keyphrases: Kant, Epigenesis, Preformation, Generatio aequivoca, Occasionalism
Le rigorisme kantien et la thèse du mal radical

Kant’s conception of morality is often characterized as “rigorist,” a term which is usually associated with the adjectives “severe” and “austere,” even “puritan.” So it comes as no surprise to find, at the basis of this austere theory of morality, the thesis of radical evil, attributed to humankind as a whole. I would like to show, however, that Kant has a very specific conception of “rigorism.” In fact, the term has nothing to do with puritanism ; rather, it refers to the conceptual precision of philosophical discourse. Accordingly, Kant does not hesitate to accept it as a requirement for his own moral theory. Indeed, it is thanks to this intellectual rigour that Kant arrives at his conception of radical evil. It will be shown that this evil does not have the diabolical connotation that the adjective “radical” would suggest at first glance.

Keyphrases: Kant, Schiller, Rigorism, Puritanism, Radical evil, Diabolic evil
Relation fonctionnelle entre CXCR4 et CXCR7 dans le contrôle de la migration chimiotactique vers CXCL12

Chemokines and their receptors are responsible for the chemotaxis of cells in humans. This directed cellular mobility is a key part of the immune system, but is also involved in the metastatic dissemination of cancerous cells. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1 are responsible for the chemotaxis of hematopoietic stem cells. However, the study of the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis was complicated by the identification of CXCR7, a second receptor for SDF-1. The two receptors are generally expressed on the same cell types, and as a consequence, the regulation mechanism of the chemotaxis toward SDF-1 must be re-evaluated with this new information. We have studied the consequence of CXCR7 expression on chemotaxis. Using in-vitro migration techniques and measuring expression levels of CXCR4 and CXCR7 our results support the hypothesis that CXCR7 acts as a regulator of the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis, contributing to the better understanding of the role of CXCR7 in chemotaxis.

Keyphrases: CXCR7, CXCR4, SDF-1, Chemokine receptor, Chemotaxis, Bone marrow
L’adénosine et CD73 dans le potentiel métastatique et le métabolisme cellulaire

Introduction: CD73 is a membrane bound protein implicated in the generation of extracellular adenosine. The adenosine is known to act in many aspects of health and disease, including cancer. In a tumor context, adenosine and CD73 are considered as immunosuppressive protumorigenic. Objectives: In this work, I tried to shed light on the possible role of CD73 in cancer metastasis, using the EMT model, as well as its possible implication in cancer metabolism, especially oxidative phosphorylation. Methodology: In this study two cellular models were primarily used, the HMLE-Twist-ER model and the MDA-MB-231 cell line. We examined the expression of CD73 upon stimulation or inhibition of the EMT. To see if CD73 had an impact on EMT, it was removed from cells with CRISPR-Cas9. EMT cell marker were assessed on both cell expressing or not CD73. A MicroArray was done on the MDA-MB-231 cells deficient for CD73. The cellular metabolism was also measured on those cells with the Seahorse analyzer. Results: Expression of CD73 seemed higher in cells with a mesenchymal phenotype, even though the absence of CD73 didn’t seem to affect EMT marker in the cellular models used. On the other hand, CD73 deficient cells had a lower rate of oxygen consumption compared to their control. Conclusion: Even with the lack of results to confirm a phenotype change, some interesting observation have been made, such as what seems like an higher expression of CD73 in mesenchymal cells and a lower oxygen consumption rate in cell lacking CD73 expression. If confirmed, these results could give us more insight into CD73’s function and his impact on tumor microenvironment.

Keyphrases: CD73, EMT, Adenosine, Metastasis, Oxidative phosphorylation, Breast cancer
Effets de la consommation de l’alpha-glycérylphosphorylcholine sur la performance physique chez des joueurs (ses) de volleyball universitaire

Recent data suggest alpha-glycerophosphatidylcholine (a-GPC), a choline donor, could contribute to an increase in physical performance. The experimental study VolleyAGPC is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial aimed at evaluating the ergogenic potential of a-GPC in elite volleyball players. We hypothesized that chronic supplementation with a-GPC could improve vertical jump performance. To verify this, countermovement jump (CMJ) performance was assessed in female (n=14) and male (n=13) varsity athletes using bilateral force platforms before and after 28 days of either a-GPC (1000 mg/day) or placebo administration (randomized attribution). In a second phase of the study, after a one-week washout period, placebo and a-GPC conditions were reversed. Training load, wellness and adverse effects were monitored daily using an online survey while choline and a-GPC rich food items intake was assessed weekly. Data showed that a-GPC supplementation did not affect indices of wellness in athletes nor did it associate with adverse effects as compared to placebo. Men performed significantly better than women on all CMJ jumping variables that were analyzed. Peak power and impulse were improved over the course of the study in both sexes. However, the rate of force development during the eccentric braking phase of the CMJ were only improved in women. Importantly supplementation with a-GPC did not affect any of the jump variables that were evaluated. In conclusion, 4 weeks of daily a-GPC supplementation was safe but did not lead to beneficial effects on vertical jumping performances in elite volleyball players.

Keyphrases: Alpha-GPC, Choline, Volleyball, Vertical jump, Force plate
Validation d’une pratique avancée en ergothérapie pour la thérapie de la main

Advanced practice development in the management of hand injuries presents a significant challenge because of hand problem frequency, consequences for the affected person and society. The objectives of this study were to validate the competencies required for occupational therapy advanced practice for people with hand injuries as well as validate an advanced practice where occupational therapists would be involved in the early management of hand therapy patients. In a first study, a questionnaire on advanced competencies in occupational therapy in hand therapy was completed by 24 experts working in hand clinics in Quebec. In a second study, 91 people with hand problems were evaluated independently by a surgeon and an occupational therapist with advanced competencies to determine the consistency of their decisions regarding confirmation of diagnosis, treatment options and recommendations. Participants then completed a satisfaction questionnaire following the consultation with each professional. The results of the first study show that occupational therapists value advanced competencies and agree with upstream surgical management for certain diagnoses such as tendinitis and sprains. In the second study, high concordance was observed between the occupational therapist and the surgeon for confirmation of diagnosis, treatment options and recommendations. Satisfaction was equivalent for both professionals. The findings of this thesis provide useful avenues for reflection to guide the training and competencies development for such practice in this area. They also provide evidence on the validity of this model of care organization where the occupational therapist in advanced practice is involved in triage and patients orientation.

Keyphrases: Occupational therapist, Hand therapy, Advanced practice, Interprofessional collaboration, Agreement, Clinical competence, Concordance
Narrativity and Identity in the Creative Process

This thesis proposes a discussion on the relationships between music and language while identifying the basis for a narrative music in a selection of seven pieces composed during my studies as a Doctoral candidate at the Université de Montréal. The origins of the pieces stem from extra-musical elements, deriving from literary and visual arts, alongside visual natural phenomena. This text can be subdivided into two parts, emphasizing theoretical foundations and presenting analytical elements. The first part will consider a critical perspective of a contemporary predisposition towards an aprioristic categorization of music as a semiotic system, in which this research is grounded. Subsequently, it will present how musical creativity can be ignited through the extra-musical element, as a starting point towards the development of the creative act itself, illustrating how my perception of this extra-musical material can be “translated” and narrated through a coherent sound form. Finally, it will address the emergence of a new perspective: The We-Composer, advocating that no creative process exists without the intrinsic dialectical dynamic between the socio-cultural and individual aspects surrounding the conceptualization of a new artifact, more specifically, a new musical composition. The second part will refer to the perquisition of the “Ariane’s thread” of narrativity in each of the selected pieces, relating them to the previously discussed topics, taking into consideration specific references and aesthetical considerations – technical and subjective – that envelop the compositional act. Conclusively, some philosophical examinations circumscribing the importance of narrative as a tool regarding the dissemination of knowledge and self-knowledge will be offered, in a more personal perspective, while proposing a possible and dynamic identitary link between the studied pieces and myself.

Keyphrases: Musical Composition, Narrative, Creativity, Analysis, Identity
La dramaturgie vocale : approche herméneutique des qualités expressives de la voix chantée. Le cas du metal symphonique

The voice has expressive abilities that add semantic content to the vocalized message. These abilities, called phonostyles, are connected to connotations and representations – a vocal imaginary – that enable us to understand who is speaking and his/her emotional state, without needing to see the speaker. The same phenomenon occurs in the singing voice: phonostylistic analysis reveals the appearance of vocal personae and their emotional state during the song. The vocal imaginary ensures that each vocal style has its own imaginary. Symphonic metal is a favorable field for the analysis of expressive vocal qualities, because it contains eclectic vocal styles: operatic, pop, heavy, and growl. This thesis aims to study how the voice is used in a corpus chosen within the symphonic metal repertoire in order to understand how what I call the vocal dramaturgy is created during a song. Vocal dramaturgy is the creation of a song’s own imaginary through the means of the voice and the semantic contents it adds to the sung text, such as the invention of vocal personae and the transmission of emotions experienced by these personae, as well as the interactions between them.

Keyphrases: vocal dramaturgy, singing voice, symphonic metal, vocal imaginary, phonostylistic analysis, hermemeutic
Évaluation de l’effet de la piézo-corticision et des ostéoperforations sur le mouvement dentaire orthodontique chez le rat

Objectives: To compare the effect of piezo-corticision (PC) and osteoperforation (OP) on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), bone morphometry and periodontal healing in a rat model. Material and methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=12 each): OTM; OTM + PC; OTM + OP. OTM was performed by using a NiTi coil bonded between the maxillary first molar and the maxillary right incisor. PC was performed at the mesio-palatal aspect of the maxillary first molar. Two OPs were performed at the antero-palatal and the mesio-palatal aspects of the maxillary first molar. The animals were euthanized three and seven days after surgery. Samples were analyzed with micro-CT and prepared for histological analysis. The OTM, bone morphometry and periodontal healing were evaluated. Results: At day 3, OTM was significantly increased in the OTM+PC group (219.68 ± 53.6 μm) compared to the OTM only group (154.90 ± 35.6 μm; p=0.051). No significant differences in OTM were detected between OTM+OP and OTM only group, and between OTM+OP and OTM+PC groups. Additionally, the OTM + PC group showed a significantly higher reduction in tissue (TV; 22.06 ± 2.62 μm) and bone volume (BV; 15.55 μm ± 2.65) when compared to the OTM + OP group (TV= 23.36 ± 1.40 μm; p=0,001) (BV= 19.03 ± 1.54 μm; p=0,020). The OTM + OP group showed a significantly higher reduction in bone height in the furcation areas (684.2 ± 73.4 μm) compared to the OTM group (559.4 ± 93.5 μm; p= 0.041) and an earlier periodontal healing compared to the OTM + PC group. At day 7, the OTM + PC group showed a significantly higher reduction in bone volume percentage (BV%; 67.63 ± 4.49 μm) and a significantly higher trabecular pattern factor (TPF; -29.66 ± 5.22 μm), connectivity density (CD; 1405.03 ± 519.82 μm) and total porosity (TP; 32.37 ± 4.49 μm) compared to the OTM group. (BV%= 72.64 ± 2.82 μm; p=0,051), (TPF= -20.97 ± 4.98 μm; p=0,008), (CD= 765.17 ± 165.81 μm; p=0,022), (TP= 27.36 ± 2.82 μm; p=0,051). Conclusion: PC accelerated the amount of OTM in the short term and has more impact on bone morphometry. OP was associated with more bone resorption in the furcation area. The periodontal healing was delayed with PC.

Keyphrases: Remodelage osseux, Orthodontic tooth movement, Piezo-corticision, Osteoperforation, Bone remodeling, Periodontal healing, Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement
Loi restrictive et loi productive dans l'éthique fichtéenne

In his lectures of 1806 On the Way to the Blessed Life, Fichte draws a distinction between lower and higher morality. According to him, the paradigm of the lower morality is to be found in Kant’s ethics insofar as it promotes the uniformity of human conduct on the basis of a universal law. Even though Fichte recognizes that his own System of Ethics of 1798 contained some elements of this lower ethics, it is possible to show that the specific role each individual has to play in the moral world was already introduced in this work, which therefore anticipates the theme of the higher morality.

Keyphrases: Fichte, Kant, Moral law, Lower/higher morality, Uniformity