Ampleur, coûts, facteurs personnels et occupationnels de l’absentéisme dans la fonction publique hospitalière au Cameroun

Absenteeism among health professionals is increasingly on the rise in public health institutions in Cameroon. Currently, it represents one of the main causes responsible for the decline of the health care system. Despite the seriousness of the situation, information on the level of absenteeism among health professionals at the national level, the cost burden as well as its determinants is lacking.  The aims of the study were: (1) to estimate the levels of absenteeism among healthcare providers in public health hospitals in Cameroon; (2) to determine the influence of personal characteristics and occupational factors on absence behavior among health professionals; and (3) to assess the economic consequences of absenteeism in terms of costs associated with loss of productivity sustained by the employers.   The study was conducted on health care professionals comprising physicians, nurses and health assistants serving in public health facilities in Cameroon during the month of October, 2008. Absenteeism was measured by the number of hours and the number of episodes (frequency) of absences recorded by employees; and was related to delays and absences of three consecutive days and less. The personal and occupational factors examined were age, gender, marital status, family responsibilities (number of children), educational level, care unit, employment type, employment status, work schedule, overtime, seniority, hospital size, and salary. Data were collected from 15 public health facilities spread across six regions of Cameroon from October 1 to October 31, 2008. The data were abstracted from official government and hospital documents. The statistical analyses encompassed descriptive, bivariate as well as multivariate analyses.  The participation rate of employees was 50.7%. Of the 516 individuals in the study sample, 93.4% had registered at least one episode of absence from work during the study period. The overall rate of absenteeism was 7.2% and varied between 2-37% across the hospitals. Each study participant had an average of 12 episodes of absence during the study period, and the average duration of absence per participant was 13 hours and 21 minutes. The duration of work schedule, working in a regional hospital, working on a fixed schedule, being a HIPC staff  and lack of supplementary work hours, are significantly and positively associated with frequency of absences. The duration of work schedule, being a physician, working in emergency, working on a fixed schedule and being a woman, are significantly and positively associated with duration of absence from work. Absenteeism during the study period consumed about 8% of the total pay-check for the month of October 2008. It is estimated that absenteeism of short duration among healthcare providers in the year 2008 cost the public heath sector the equivalent of 4,088,568 US dollars, which represented about 2.1% of the public expenditures on health for the same year.    The reduction of absenteeism of short duration among health professionals of the public sector in Cameroon depends on enhancement of hospital management style, and more refined research on absence behaviour among healthcare professionals.

Keyphrases: Absenteeism, Cost, Health instiutions, Cameroon, Africa