La santé génito-urinaire des jeunes victimes d'agression sexuelle

The general objectives of this thesis were first, to determine whether children and adolescents who were sexually abused consulted or were hospitalized more often for genitourinary health problems than the general pediatric population and second, to explore what could explain this difference if any. This thesis also aimed to overcome limitations of previous studies who were retrospective, cross-sectionnal and conducted among girls for the majority, via a prospective matched-cohort design and medical diagnoses documented in Quebec's public administrative banks (RAMQ, MSSS) between 1996 and 2013.    In the first article, using a sample of 882 children (1-18 years) with a substantiated report of sexual abuse and 882 children from the general population matched by age, sex and geographic area, the results of the generalized linear mixed model indicated that abused girls received more diagnoses for urinary (RR: 2.1) and genital (RR: 1.4) health problems, but no difference was found for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Among the boys, those who have been sexually abused received an equivalent number of diagnoses for genital or urinary health problems and there were insufficient data to conduct analyses and compare STIs rates. Depending on the genitourinary health problem, sexually abused girls and those from the general population received between 2.5 and 11 times more diagnoses than abused boys or those from the general population. The results of this study indicate that childhood sexual abuse is associated with more urinary and genital health problems in girls, but not in boys. Prevention and early intervention efforts for a good genitourinary health among girls victim of sexual abuse could prevent the aggravation and chronicisation of these health problems in adulthood.     The second article tested a theoretical psychobiological model according to which greater psychological distress (as measured by psychiatric comorbidity) would partly explain the effect of sexual abuse on the increased number of genitourinary diagnoses among girls. Results form mediation analyses conducted with 661 sexually abused girls and 661 girls from the general population indicated that after controlling for socio-economic level, number of years of medical data and genitourinary/psychiatric diagnostics prior sexual abuse report date, greater psychiatric comorbidity explained 23% of the relationship between child sexual abuse and the number of urinary diagnoses and 62% of the relationship between child sexual abuse and the number of genital diagnoses. These results indicate that the more girls consult after the report of sexual abuse for a large number of distinct psychiatric conditions (comorbidity), the greater their risk to consult later for genitourinary health problems. Thus, this conclusion suggests that the emergence of genitourinary health problems years after the sexual abuse could be prevented among girls by taking direct care of their psychological distress.

Keyphrases: étude prospective, adolescents, child sexual abuse, genitourinary health, sexually transmitted infections, psychiatric comorbidity, prospective study, cohort study, children, adolescents