NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Les licenciements collectifs au Québec : portée et efficacité de la règle de droit

In recent years, Québec has severely been hit by massive waves of group terminations. After the textile and clothing industry, the forest industry is now facing the after-effects of a changing economy. The interviews obtained in spring 2008 with the Louisiana–Pacific workers in Saint-Michel-des–Saints, show that the provisions on group termination do not take appropriate measures for workers who are victims of such closing down industries. To evaluate the efficiency of group termination provisions, we have undertaken an empirical study on the operational improvement and downsizing process of a large paper company that have lead to the permanent closure of the treated lumber plant in Saint-Michel-des-Saints. Discussions with workers and local actors such as the union leaders and members of the community, other union and government leaders have helped us rebuild the steps leading to these group terminations and to the follow–up. It is only through mobilization called by the union (with a plant blockade) that gains were made in the small dismissal measures initially provided by the regulation. This mobilization, however, did not prevent other important negative effects such as impoverishment, feelings of exclusion and family tensions on workers who have had to live through this group termination of employment.

Keyphrases: Group terminations, Quebec Labour Standards Act, Efficiency of group termination provisions, Precarioussness
Identification et localisation des préoccupations fonctionnelles dans un code légataire Java

Object oriented applications integrate various functional aspects. These aspects can be scattered everywhere in the code. There are various types of aspects : • aspects which represent business functionalities ; • aspects related to non functional requirements or to design concerns such as robustness, distribution, and security. The code representing such aspects can be located in different class hierarchies. Researchers have been interested in the problem of the modularisation of these aspects and many approaches were proposed : oriented programming subjects, oriented programming Aspects and oriented programming view. These approaches offer techniques and tools for designing object oriented applications based on the composition of slices of various aspects. The main benefit of the separation of aspects is supporting reuse and maintenance. Consequently, it is well worth identifying and extracting aspects of legacy object oriented applications. Our work mainly focuses on functional aspects. Assuming that the code of a functional aspect or a feature has a functional cohesion (dependencies between elements), we suggest methods for identifying such features from the code. The idea is to identify, in the absence of any aspect oriented paradigm, the techniques used for implementing a feature in the code. Our approach consists of : • identifying techniques used by developers to integrate a feature in the absence of aspect oriented techniques • characterizing the patterns of these techniques • and developing tools to identify these patterns. We present two approaches for the identification of the existing features in the object oriented code. The first one identifies various design patterns which integrates these features in the code. The second approach uses the formal concept analysis to identify the recurring features in the code. We experiment our approaches to identify functional features in different open source object oriented applications. The results show the efficiency of our approaches in identifying various functional features in the legacy object oriented, and can some times suggest refactoring.

Keyphrases: Java, Features, Reengineering, Legacy object oriented code, Refactoring, Galois lattices
La modulation transcriptionnelle du neuropeptide enképhaline par les récepteurs nucléaires Nur77 et RXRγ

Neuropeptides (enkephalin and neurotensin) are modulators of dopaminergic system. In the rodent’s striatum, antipsychotic drugs strongly modulate their mRNA levels. For exemple, haloperidol (D2 receptor antagonist) increases their mRNA levels in the striatum, a central structure of dopaminergic system that control locomotor activity. Since haloperidol is associated with many motor side effects, it is likely that neuropeptides modulation is a compensatory mechanism to restore the dopaminergic system homeostasis after D2 receptor blockade. However, molecular mechanism of this transcriptional regulation is not well understood. Nur77 is a transcription factor of the orphan nuclear receptor family that acts as an immediate early gene. In the striatum, its mRNA level is strongly increased following haloperidol treatment. Several evidences suggest that Nur77 is involved in neuropeptides transcriptional modulation. Nur77 can form functional heterodimers with retinoid X receptor (RXR). In agreement with a transcriptional activity of Nur77/RXR complex, RXR agonist (DHA) decreases while the RXR antagonist (HX531) exacerbates acute and chronic motor side effects of haloperidol treatment in wild type mice but remain without effect in Nur77 knockout mice. Our work shows that RXR antagonist (HX531) significantly reduced the increased levels of enkephalin following chronic treatment with haloperidol. We have set up the EMSA (electro-mobility shift assay) to demonstrate the in vitro binding of Nur77 on a responsive element from proenkephalin’s proximal promotor. These results support the hypothesis that Nur77 could be involve in transcriptional modulation of neuropeptides in the striatum and thus, contribute to neuroadaptation of dopaminergic system after treatment with typical antipsychotic drugs.

Keyphrases: striatum, Nur77, RXRγ, Enkephalin, tardive dyskinesia
Lien bidirectionnel entre des caractéristiques personnelles des parents et leurs pratiques parentales dans un contexte d’intervention

When compared to parents of non-diagnosed children, parents of children with ADHD face a higher risk of experiencing parenting stress, depression, and family functioning problems. They also report lower levels of parental self-efficacy, and use more coercive or inadequate parental practices. Some evidence suggests that parental abilities training programs can help offset some of the risks associated with raising a child with ADHD. Changes in attitudes and parental practices are also associated with reductions in child ADHD symptoms. Parent training interventions therefore represent promising strategies for improving both parent and child outcomes. Nevertheless, the personal characteristics of parents can intervene with their ability to benefit from parental training. Few studies have examined how parental characteristics can influence program efficacy. The objective of the present study is to examine the bidirectional link between parental characteristics (depression, stress, self-efficacy) and parental practices within the context of a parent training program. Baseline parent self-efficacy predicted use of inconsistent discipline regardless of whether parents had followed the training program. Furthermore, baseline positive parental practices predicted parent self-efficacy, regardless of experimental condition.

Keyphrases: Stress, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parental practices, Depression, Parenting stress, Self-efficacy, Parental ability training program
Convergences et divergences dans les conceptions de la morale de Ronald Dworkin et Alasdair MacIntyre

The subject of this thesis is the relation between morals and law. It raises the question of the objectivity of morals in Ronald Dworkin’s theory of law. Dworkin has to set sound justification criteria of morals in order to establish its authority in law. He disputes the validity of the rule of recognition of Hart which negates that morality is an inherent part of law. In his last book, Justice for Hedgehogs (2011), Dworkin present his thesis on the unity of value between law, personal morality and political morality. To succeed in integrating morality into law, he has to defend its objectivity. He develops a particular concept of rationality and truth applicable to morality. His concept of practical rationality is drawn together with Alasdair Macintyre’s own concept of rationality MacIntyre rejects the Enlightment’s claim of a universal and neutral rationality. He develops a concept of practical reasoning based on the concept of traditions of enquiry. He makes the history of the most important traditions of enquiry from Ancient Greece to today. He considers that the Aristotelian tradition of enquiry is superior, since it gives objectivity and intelligibility to morality. Points of convergence and points of divergence are identified in the concepts of morality of Dworkin and MacIntyre. These common aspects are found in the theoretical fundamentals in philosophy, in their concepts of practical rationality and in their definition of the notions of law and justice.

Keyphrases: Dworkin, MacIntyre, Philosophy of law, Objectivity of morality, Practical reasoning, Positivism, Traditions of enquiry, Justice, Virtue ethics
Les pratiques du vinyles : nostalgie et médiation

This thesis explores the vinyl practices and demonstrates how nostalgia serves/appears as one of the mediations. Based on Svetlana Boym’s (2002) notion of nostalgia, this paper will understand these practices as a place where both restorative and reflexive nostalgia coexist. It will be argued, more specifically, that the reconstructions of past and the elements of authenticity — which are inextricably linked to the vinyl practices — cannot be taken as the pledge of nostalgia that would lean towards a “homecoming” or return to a fixed past, but rather as the ability to engage in reflexivity regarding the passing of time through individual and cultural memory productions. To do so, iterative and in situ interviews were conducted with four referees. The analysis of such issues is based on the comments collected from the interviews, which highlight the complexity of the vinyl activities and the different memorial and temporal aspects that are embodied within them.

Keyphrases: Nostalgia, Memory, Residual media
"The nothing that is" : An Ethics of Absence Within the Poetry of Wallace Stevens

This dissertation focuses on what I refer to as a “negative-space” of representation in the poetry of Wallace Stevens’s in order to explore what, contrary to the bulk of Stevens research to date, I understand to be a genuine politics of engagement.   Drawing on the philosophical writings of Emmanuel Levinas, I argue that Stevens’s emphasis on the representation of representation itself opens up a space beyond the rigid limitations of identity—what Levinas refers to as the “I of the same”—allowing genuine contact with the concept of “the infinite,” or “the Other.” Though Stevens staunchly opposed himself to the Romantic notion of sublime transcendence—of a space purported to exist outside the limits of the human imagination—he nonetheless concerns himself with the exploration of just such a space “beyond” individual identity. For Stevens, however, “transcendence” is always, necessarily, bound by the acknowledged restrictions of human language and imagination and therefore by the reality of the perceivable world. Any “transcendence” that is sought, or achieved, in Stevens’s work should not, therefore, be understood in the sublime sense intended by the earlier Romantics—a more apt connection can instead be made with the concrete and immediate transcendence described by Levinas as the “face to face.” Stevens’s concern for the concrete and the immediate is often expressed through his attention to the aesthetic qualities of language. His is indeed a poetry about poetry—but not in the limited, solipsistic sense that is often assumed.  In concentrating on the active, creative process inherent to writing and reading poetry, Stevens explores the nature of Being itself.  I compare this exploration in Stevens’s work to that of the draftsman, or to the artist’s sketch, and in my conclusion suggest the connections between Stevens’s investigative approach and contemporary visual artists who are also committed to the figuration of the creative process.  South African artist William Kentridge provides my chief example, due to his conviction that the method is linked intrinsically to political and social engagement.

Keyphrases: American literature, Poetry, Philosophy, Art contemporain, Contemporary art, Photography, Ethics, Wallace Stevens, Emmanuel Levinas, Theory
La critique kierkegaardienne de Hegel
ou l’exception qui confirme la règle

Following the works of Thulstrup and Stewart, this thesis seeks to highlight the philosophical content of the Kierkegaard’s critics of Hegel. Like many great thinkers, Kierkegaard appeared long after his death on the stage of history of Western philosophy and since it is mainly his works where Hegel is mentioned that are read, its anti-Hegelianism soon became a well-known case. In 1967, Thulstrup produced the first work devoted to Kierkegaard's entire critique of Hegel, whose results support the idea that Kierkegaard has nothing to do with Hegel. But in 2003, it will also create Stewart's response, which finds primarily, behind the allusions from Kierkegaard to Hegel, a critique of his contemporaries Danish Hegelians. But if Stewart brilliantly illuminates the historicity of Kierkegaard, he leaves aside its philosophical content. Our dissertation will therefore try to present a conception of the work or Kierkegaard as exception, from which we will be able to understand his relation to Hegel allegorically as confirmation of the rule. To do this, we will produce a thematic exposition of the allusions to Hegel by Kierkegaard, which will permit to reveal a change in Kierkegaard’s conception of the ethical from 1843, a problem that can only be explained by a concretisation of the exception by the way of realizing of a particular form of religion.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Exception, Exception, Immediate, Immanence, Immanence, Ethics, Foi, Faith, Existence, Existence
Pour un cinéma du «réel» : les films de fiction de Jean-Pierre et Luc Dardenne

This master's thesis focuses on five fiction films directed by Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne: La promesse (1996), Rosetta (1999), Le fils (2002), L’enfant (2005) and Le silence de Lorna (2008). This research aims to analyze the problem of “the real” through these five films, arguing that although the real can’t be represented (Jacques Lacan), it can be targeted — and expressed — through the cinematic apparatus of the Dardenne.  In the first chapter, we explain how the films of Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne deploy a new fictionality that blurs the boundaries between document and fiction. In the second chapter, we place the Dardenne’s approach in the context of modern cinema and analyze the aesthetic aspects that set out the problem of the real in their cinema. The third chapter is dedicated to the Dardennian actor, a proper "body character" (Gilles Deleuze), who also participates in the expression of the non obvious character of the real.

Keyphrases: Fiction, Real, Reality, New fictionality, Cinematic apparatus, Modernity, Aesthetics, Acting, Actor
Comportements parentaux et autorégulation 
chez l’enfant : une perspective développementale

Since sleep and internalizing and externalizing problems in childhood are associated with several aspects of social, emotional and cognitive development, it appears essential to study these two indicators of self-regulation in children and to understand the factors that contribute to their emergence. The overall objective of the thesis was to better understand the factors associated with the development of psychophysiological self-regulation, as measured by the quality of child sleep, as well as emotional and behavioural self-regulation, as indicated by the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children. The first article aimed to examine the prospective and longitudinal links between the quality of mother-child and father-child interactions and preschoolers’ sleep. Three dimensions of maternal interactive behavior were considered with 70 mother-child dyads, while the quality of father-child interactions was assessed among 41 of these families. At 12 months, maternal mind-mindedness and maternal sensitivity were rated. Maternal autonomy support was assessed at 15 months and the quality of father-child interactions was scored at 18 months. Children’s sleep was assessed at 3 and 4 years using a sleep diary completed by mothers during three consecutive days. Results indicated that after controlling for family SES and daycare attendance, the quality of both mother-infant and father-infant interactions was related to children’s proportions of night-time sleep at preschool age. The second article aimed to examine infant sleep as a moderator of the relation between maternal sensitivity and child externalizing and internalizing symptoms, in a prospective longitudinal design. 55 infants took part in two assessments, at 1 and 4 years. Maternal sensitivity was rated at 1 year, based on observations performed throughout a home visit. Infant sleep was assessed at 1 year as well, using a sleep diary completed by mothers. At 4 years, mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist to assess children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results indicated that maternal sensitivity interacted with infant sleep duration, such that there were negative relations between sensitivity and subsequent internalizing and externalizing symptoms only for children who slept more at night. The results presented in both articles are discussed along with their theoretical and clinical implications.

Keyphrases: Maternal sensitivity, maternal mind-mindedness, maternal autonomy-support, quality of father-child interactions, child sleep, externalizing symptoms, internalizing symptoms
Biographie sociologique de Marcel Rioux

This present master’s thesis proposes a study of the route of Marcel Rioux’s life in order to seize the conditions which lead him to embody the intellectual’s figure in Quebec in his time. Indeed, this study proposes the analysis of the social route, such as suggests Bernard Lahire in his sociological biography, at the origin of mental and social capacities, then of resources — inherited or acquired in the course of the bibliographic route of Rioux —, which confers him this privileged position in society; position by virtue of which form the autonomy and the freedom of expression for the social and political commitment conferring him the quality to be intellectual. On the basis of the mobilization of capacities and particular resources, which takes the combined shape of habitus and capital for Pierre Bourdieu, appropriate to generate the autonomy needed to make the intellectual exist in his orbit and capable of legitimizing his position on the public scene, it will be demonstrated in theoretical terms that is not intellectual whoever wants to be.

Keyphrases: Marcel Rioux, Bernard Lahire, Pierre Bourdieu, Habitus, Capital, Champ, Intellectual, Sociological biography, Capacities socially constructed
The Technology of Copper Alloys, Particularly Leaded Bronze, in Greece, its Colonies, and in Etruria during the Iron Age

The subject of this study is the development, application and diffusion of the technology of various types of copper alloys, particularly that of leaded bronze, in ancient Greece, its colonies, and in Etruria. Leaded bronze is a mixture of tin, copper and lead in various proportions. The general consensus among archaeometallurgists is that leaded bronze was not commonly used in Greece until the Hellenistic period, and thus this alloy has not received very much attention in archaeological literature. However, metallographic analyses demonstrate that objects composed of leaded bronze had a wide distribution. The analyses also show differentiation in the composition of alloys that were used in the manufacture of various types of bronzes, a tangible indication that metalworkers distinguished between the properties of both tin bronze and leaded bronze. The knowledge of their different working characteristics is what enabled a bronzeworker to choose, in many cases,  the appropriate alloy for a specific application. The influence of Near Eastern metallurgical practices produced variations in both the artistic forms as well as alloy compositions of Greek bronzes during the Late Geometric and Orientalizing periods. The use of leaded bronze for particular types of cast objects shows an increasing tendency from the Orientalizing period onwards, culminating in the late Hellenistic period when high-lead bronze became a common alloy. This study analyzes the metallographic data of specific categories of bronze and leaded bronze cast objects, and it will demonstrate that although the use of leaded bronze was not as prevalent as that of tin bronze, it was nevertheless a significant adjunct of ancient metallurgical practices. The periods surveyed range from the Geometric to the Hellenistic periods.

Keyphrases: Copper, Tin, Lead, Alloy, Leaded Bronze, Statuette, Figurine, Protome, Protome, Greece, Étrusque, Etruscan, Fusion, Smelting, Bronze, Bronze, Metallurgy, Coin, Solder, Bol, Vessel, Casting, Four, Furnace