NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal evaluation of sleep-related breathing disorders in an orthodontic population

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), a growing health concern, has significant effects on a child’s health, behaviour, and scholastic performance. Craniofacial malformations, along with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obesity, represent important risk factors in the development of this condition. SDB symptoms in children and adolescents followed for orthodontic treatment in a university setting have been investigated in this prospective study. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence and main risk factors of SDB and the impact of different orthodontic interventions on the SDB symptoms.  Materials and methods: in a prospective cohort study, four years following an initial evaluation, a group of 168 subjects aged 12-21 years underwent a craniofacial examination in addition to being administered self-completed questionnaires that collected information on socio-demographic and psychosocial factors, bruxism and temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, sleep and daytime behaviour, and neuropsychological factors. Results: Body mass index (BMI) was slightly increased but remained in the same category at the two time points of investigation. There was an increase in tooth clenching and TMJ symptoms, a decrease in tonsils’ size, and an increase in daytime sleepiness. Prevalence of SDB did not change between baseline and follow-up studies. No orthodontic treatment intervention proved to have any clinically significant impact on the upper airway.  Conclusions: SDB symptoms prevalence was constant when compared to the baseline values for the studied population, but increased if reported to the general population. Regular orthodontic treatment didn’t show any effect on SDB symptoms.  Keywords : craniofacial, orthodontic treatment, prevalence, sleep apnea, snoring, upper airway

Keyphrases: craniofacial, prevalence, craniofacial, orthodontic treatment, prevalence, sleep apnea, snoring, upper airway
Caractérisation du système des endocannabinoïdes au niveau de la rétine adulte et en développement

The endocannabinoid (eCBs) system is composed of the ligands, the receptors - the most studied are CB1R and CB2R – and the synthesizing and degradative enzymes. The lipophilic ligands are not stored in vesicles, thereby placing the synthesizing and degradative enzymes as key regulators of the receptor function. The eCB system is thought to participate to developmental processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The rodent retina is a valuable model to study CNS development, as it contains well identified cell types with established developmental timelines. Very little is known about the distribution of this neuromodulationsystem in the developing retina. In this thesis, the expression patterns of CB1R and eCB degradative enzyme FAAH were investigated in the rat retina during postnatal development. To identify the cells expressing these proteins, co-stainings were carried out for CB1R or FAAH and retinal cell type markers. At P1, CB1R was expressed in ganglion, amacrine, horizontal and mitotic cells, whereas FAAH was present in ganglion and cholinergic amacrine cells. In the course of development, both CB1R and FAAH were transiently expressed in some cell type, suggesting a role of the eCB system in developmental processes.   Furthermore, our data demonstrated an important expression of both proteins in adult animals, supporting the hypothesis that the eCB system is involved in retinal functions. Briefly, functional in vitro studies on non-mammalian retinae have revealed an effect of CB1R on cone photoreceptors and bipolar cells response. Despite the recent demonstration of CB2R mRNA and protein presence in the retina, there are no data on CB2R functional role in retina have been published. In this thesis, the consequences of removing either CB1R or CB2R from the retina of transgenic mice were evaluated. Retinal response was recorded by electroretinogram in cnr1-/- (CB1R-KO) and cnr2-/- (CB2R-KO) mice. This data suggests that both receptors are involved in shaping the retinal response to light and they have different roles in this process.

Keyphrases: FAAH, ERG, Cannabinoid receptors, Retina, Postnatal development, FAAH, ERG, Retinal cell markers, cnr2-/- mice, Immunohistochemistry, Confocal microscopy
Balkans et Carpates, ou, De l’influence sur mon langage

Integrating language features of folk music of Eastern Europe, mainly from Hungary, Serbia and Bulgaria, as a source of inspiration in my own language.

Keyphrases: balkans, carpates, folk music, language, carpatians
L'oeuvre latine attribuée à Jacotin dans les sources des XVe et XVIe siècles : transcription critique et analyse

Who was "Jacotin"? What mysteries of his biography remain? What was his contribution to the musical panorama of the sixteenth century? And why do we know so little about a figure (or figures) whose work – for the most part stylish and elegant – seem to have encountered considerable success in his time? At present, the oeuvre attributed to "Jacotin" is almost completely forgotten and the identity of the composer(s) to whom we owe it is still the subject of speculations among scholars. Thus, these compositions have never received the attention they deserve. The chansons were not edited in modern notation until 2004 ; the Latin works have not yet been the subject of a critical edition, nor of a study. More generally, the compositions attributed to "Jacotin" have not been exhaustively studied. Yet, they have much to teach us about the stylistic differences and interactions between France, the Netherlands and Italy during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as the potential candidates for the title of composer(s) were employed in Paris, Antwerp, Naples, Ferrara, Rome and Milan. The Latin works ascribed to "Jacotin" also reflect their author(s) numerous activities and services, as some motets (Beati omnes qui timent Dominum, Interveniat pro rege nostro and Michael Archangele, notably) were possibly part of ceremonies that took place at the royal court of England under the reign of Henry VIII (1491-1547, r. 1509-1547), as well as that of France under the reigns of Louis XII (1462-1515, r. 1498-1515) and François I (1494-1547, r. 1515-1547). The motets of "Jacotin" constitute therefore essential links in the history of the genre, both in France and, more generally, in Europe. This study attempts first to solve the identity problem that has been affecting "Jacotin" for over two centuries. Thus, the first part is devoted to the prosopography of Renaissance singers clearly identified under this nickname. In conjunction with the examination of the musical sources and the study of their patterns of diffusion, the analysis of the Latin works then allows their attribution to four different authors, namely: Jacques de Nieuport (c. 1435-c. 1475), Jacques Frontin (c. 1450/55-?1519), Jacques Godebrye (c. 1460-1529), and Jacques Lebel (c. 1494-c. 1556). In a second step, this study proposes for the first time a critical edition of the Latin works attributed to "Jacotin", which complete the critical edition of his chansons published by Frank Dobbins in 2004. As a result, the complete work preserved under this nickname is finally available in modern notation, for both performers and scholars.

Keyphrases: Music, Motet, Motet, Mass, Magnificat, Magnificat, Louis XII, Louis XII, Henry VIII, Henry VIII, Francis I, Leo X, Royal chapel, Chapelle pontificale, Papal chapel
Étude cliniquement représentative des problèmes conjugaux, des mandats et des objectifs thérapeutiques des couples consultant en thérapie conjugale

The aim of this dissertation was to study the relationship problems, treatment goals and therapeutic mandates of couples consulting in couple therapy in a naturalistic setting. This dissertation includes two original articles. Using a relationship problems coding system on a sample of 108 couples seeking therapy, the first study identified that the most common relationship problems were related to communication, emotional affection or distance, specific areas of the current relationship, and lack of physical affection or sex. Comparisons of therapeutic mandates revealed that commitment or security problems and infidelity or flirting problems were more common among couples pursuing an ambivalence resolution mandate than among couples pursuing an alleviation of distress mandate. These results demonstrated the importance of identifying distinct therapeutic mandates in couple therapy and the need for further research about ambivalent couples. The second study aimed to evaluate change in couples that consulted in a naturalistic therapy setting using Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS). A categorization of treatment goals in couple therapy was proposed. Treatment goals and therapeutic mandates of 100 couples were categorized using standardized coding schemas. The results showed large pre-post changes in couples distress and severity of relationship problems. Therapists’ expectations about the therapy process, treatment completion and separation were related to couples’ goal attainment. Comparisons of therapeutic mandates revealed that couples pursuing an alleviation of distress mandate had more goals related to communication, problem-solving and acceptance of differences than couples pursuing an ambivalence resolution mandate. This study contributed to the field by providing preliminary data regarding the clinical utility of GAS in assessing change following couple therapy. Types of treatment goals set in naturalistic settings were presented and the results emphasized the need for further research on therapeutic mandates. In summary, this dissertation provided support to the construct of therapeutic mandates and presented clinical, methodological and theoretical implications.

Keyphrases: Goal attainment scaling, Couple therapy, Relationship problems, Therapeutic mandates, Treatment goals, Individualized measures, Goal attainment scaling, Clinical representativity, Naturalistic therapy setting
Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) random copolymers : amphiphilic properties and self-assembly in aqueous medium

The first objective of this research is to synthesize random linear copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid (AA). The synthesis relies on the deprotection of the functional groups in the copolymer’s precursor, which is represented by poly(ethylene-co-tertbutyl acrylate). The synthesis of the precursor was realized by the catalytic approach, where Pd-based catalytic systems are frequently utilized nowadays. The deprotection was carried out by hydrolysis of the ester functionality using trimethylsilyl iodide agent. The second objective is to investigate and characterize the synthesized polymers in the bulk and in colloidal solution. A set of different precursor polymers with various degrees of molar incorporation of tertbutyl acrylate (from 4 to 12 mol %) was successfully synthesized and deprotected. The resulting poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymers were found to be soluble in tetrahydrofuran THF, when the molar incorporation of AA reaches the value of 12 and more. This aspect gave the possibility to study the self-assembly of this copolymer in aqueous medium by slow THF to water exchange (dialysis). It was found that the copolymers self-assemble into nano-sized structures and these nanoparticles remain stable in colloidal solution for extended periods of time. Moreover, it was shown that the nanoparticles formed by the discussed copolymer possess thermo- and pH-responsive behaviour. The polymers synthesized were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopies (IR) before and after deprotection. The bulk samples were analyzed by conventional differential scanning calorimetry and by X-ray diffraction iv technique. The molar percentages of AA were determined using a combination of NMR and conductimetric titration. Colloidal solutions of pE-co-AA copolymers were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The nanoparticles formed were visualized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy.

Keyphrases: Nanoparticles, Pd-catalysts, Polyethylenes, Acrylic Acid, HS-DSC, HS-DSC
Revue systématique d’interventions relatives à la gestion de symptômes
chez la clientèle adulte traitée pour le VIH/sida

Day in day out, people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are battling with a variety of symptoms resulting from this disease, its complications, and, consequently, its management. It is said that one who underestimates these symptoms is bound to fail in their treatment. And yet, while everybody agrees that symptom management is an integral part of health care, the fact remains that poor symptom control leads to non-observance of treatment which, in turn, affects quality of life. It is generally recognized that with the advent of antiretroviral medication, HIV/AIDSP’s state of health has evolved from fragile to chronic. Admittedly, HIV/AIDSP faces various symptoms such as pain, fatigue, nausea and diarrhea. However, it is possible for them, with the benefits of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions, to efficiently control these symptoms and enjoy a better quality of life over a longer period of time. This work represents a systematic review of the literature currently available on traditional and alternative approaches regarding HIV/AIDSP’s symptom management.

Keyphrases: fatigue, Symptom management, pain, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, HIV/AIDS and nursing
Étude électrophysiologique de la mémoire à court terme auditive

We studied the neuronal mechanisms that implement acoustic short-term memory (ASTM) for pitch using event-related potentials (ERP). Experiment 1 isolated an ERP component, the sustained anterior negativity (SAN), that increased in amplitude with increasing memory load in ASTM using stimuli with equal duration at all memory loads.  The SAN load effect found in Experment 1, when pitch had to be remembered to perform the task, was absent in Experiment 2 using the same sounds when memory was not required.  In Experiment 3 the memory task was performed without or with concurrent articulatory suppression during the retention interval, to suppress rehearsal via an articulatory loop.  Load-related effects found in Experiment 1 were found again, whether participants engaged in concurrent suppression or not. The results suggest that the SAN reflects activity required to maintain pitch objects in an ASTM system that is distinct from articulatory rehearsal.

Keyphrases: Acoustic short-term memory, Human memory, Electroencephalography, Event-related potentials, Articulatory suppression
Étude ab initio des nanotubes de carbone

The subject of this master’s thesis is the ab initio study of carbon nanotubes. First, an introduction to the subject is presented. It covers the history, the geometric and electronic structure and potential applications of carbon nanotubes. Second, the energy stability of double-walled carbon nanotubes and their electronic structure are studied. It is found that the change of hybridization causes a lowering in the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital’s level for small nanotubes. Thirdly, a study of the diameter and metallicity dependence for the bromophenyl bonding energy on the carbon nanotubes is presented. The main conclusion is that it is easier to functionalize the nanotubes of small diameter since they already have some sp3 hybridization in their electronic structure. Finally, the last chapter discusses the burning of carbon nanotubes with carbon dioxide. It is found that combustion can not begin on a pristine surface or by a oxygen bridge due to the large amount of energy required. The favored reaction is then burning the ends of nanotubes. We suggest a path of reaction for which a diameter selectivity is apparent.

Keyphrases: Abinit, Onetep, Gaussian, Combustion, Electronic structure, Functionalization, Bromophenyl, Carbon dioxide
De la pédagogie dans les manuels de traduction : analyse comparative des manuels anglais-français publiés en Amérique du Nord et en Europe depuis 1992

In this thesis, we shall explore the relationship between research in the pedagogical branch of translation studies and the content of textbooks designed for future professional translators. The textbooks under examination are used to teach English to French (pragmatic or specialized) translation. They have been published in North America and Europe and are dated no earlier than 1992. The study of the major approaches to translator training has provided us with a set of pedagogical suggestions. Along with other criteria (exercises and theories underlying the approaches), they were used to define the pedagogical content of the textbooks selected for our analysis. They are also part of a conceptual core that can serve as a basis for the analysis of textbooks designed for the teaching of translation in languages other than French and English. Our research not only gives a current perspective of existing textbooks, but also points to the various aspects of the pedagogical content that should be further considered in the conception of the new generation of translation textbooks. Additionally, it gives an idea as to the number of textbooks for future professional translators that are available on the North American and European markets. Through our observations, we thus hope to describe how these teaching tools are in line with the present state of research in translation pedagogy, as well as provide a few tips for designing new textbooks that meet the needs of university-level students and their teachers.

Keyphrases: Textbook, Translation, Pedagogy, English, French, Approaches
Émotions et identité : le rôle des émotions dans la formation de l'identité narrative

This thesis establishes a model to understand the relationships between a particular group of emotions and the individual's conception of himself. In agreement with several contemporary authors, it is argued here that the conception we have of ourselves is in the form of a narrative identity, namely a story within which we try to structure a coherent picture of ourselves. In this perspective, it is proposed  that a group of emotions, including shame, pride and guilt, occupies a crucial place in the formation and maintenance of this self-image. These emotions, that we can describe as self-assessing, would influence self assessment and thus participate in the development of self-image. Moreover, narrative identity, through a normative and motivational aspect, will in turn influences the manifestation and interpretation of those same emotions. So the relationship between emotions and self-assessing narrative identity is a complex relationship of mutual influence. The analysis proposed here might help clarify many mental processes of the individual and especially its moral motivation.

Keyphrases: Dissonance cognitive, Philosophy, Emotion, Narrative Identity, Self-conception, Cognitivism, Cognitive dissonance, Guilt, Pride, Shame, Moral Psychology
Biogénèse des lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL): implication du transporteur ABCA1

Patients affected with Tangier disease show abnormal low levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL), a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In vivo, HDL has an important protective effect against atherosclerosis since they accomplish the reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues towards the liver. However, Tangier disease is caused by mutations in the gene of the transporter “ATP-binding cassette A1” (ABCA1). The current model believe that ABCA1 promotes the lipidation of apolipoprotein AI (apoA-I), the major protein component of HDLs, to form nascent discoid HDL particles. A defect in the lipidation of apoA-I by ABCA1 abolishes the biogenesis of HDL. We wanted to study interaction sites of ABCA1 with its ligand (the apoA-I), the implicated biogenesis’s pathways, and the implication of pre-β-HDLs in the cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway. Initially, we used a cell culture system (human skin fibroblasts and BHK-ABCA1) in order to determine the cellular sites of apoA-I binding and their localizations and the implication of ABCA1. We found that the majority of apoA-I was not associated with ABCA1 and, 2 thirds of this apoA-I bound to the plasma membrane.   Then, a more detailed study examined the lipidation pathways of apoA-I either at plasma membrane (PM) level, or in the intracellular compartments (ICCs). We showed that the lipidation apoA-I occurs at the two levels (PM and ICCs) with two kinetically different pathways. Finally, we showed that the pre-β-HDLs efflux (as efficiently as apoA-I) the cholesterol via the ABCA1 pathway. Taken together, these observations show that 1) the majority of apoA-I was found non-associated with ABCA1; 2) two thirds of apoA-I bind the plasma membrane; 3) the lipidation of the apoA-I occurs, in part at the plasma membrane and, in the other, by the retro-endocytosis pathway of the apoA-I/ABCA1complexe.

Keyphrases: HDL, ABCA1, cardiovascular, cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I
Étude des corrélats neurobiologiques des effets à long terme des commotions cérébrales liées au sport

Age, genotype and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are three of the most important risk factors of Alzheimer’s Disease. With a growing body of evidence showing the persistent deleterious effects of the mildest form of TBI, it becomes imperative to test the hypothesis that sports concussion could interact with aging to precipitate neurodegeneration. Thirty former high-level athletes (mean age = 60 yrs), half of them having sustained sports concussion during their young adulthood, underwent neuropsychological, neuroanatomical and APOE genotype examination. Data analysis revealed numerous neurobiological anomalies, such as ventricular enlargement, correlating with cognitive deficits (delayed and recognition memory) in concussed participants. Of particular interest, some neuroanatomical measures were found to be modulated by APOE single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These findings support the idea that sports concussions sustained in early adulthood are a risk factor of neurodegeneration in late adulthood.

Keyphrases: Sports concussion, Aging, Neuroimaging, Neuropsychology