NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Mise en œuvre d’un programme de santé buccodentaire dans le contexte d’une école dans un quartier multiculturel défavorisé : une étude qualitative

INTRODUCTION  Community University Partnerships have been widely studied in medicine; however, much is unknown in dentistry. This research explores the experience of the different partners of a partnership between a faculty of dentistry and an elementary school.    METHODS  A qualitative descriptive research was undertaken using semi structured interviews and a thematic analysis. All of the partners were interviewed along with two dentistry students and four parents, for a total of 12 participants.   RESULTS  Although the partners had some good experiences, the partnership experienced many challenges. The Community felt its needs were not well understood by the Faculty and experienced organizational difficulties. On the other hand, the Faculty had scheduling difficulties with the School and found the local premises ill-equipped. Moreover, the parents were not well informed of the work that was being done on their children.  CONCLUSION  The Faculty took over the leadership of the partnership. As such, it placed its needs ahead of the Community’s needs which it did not make enough attempts to understand. Also, being clinicians, the Faculty members valued teaching the technical details of interventions, and an opportunity was missed in teaching the students about community and social dentistry. For future partnerships we recommend either assessing the communities’ needs before starting a project and involving the community in its funding and steering process, or adding to the partnership a participatory research-action project.

Keyphrases: University Community Partnership, Dental education, Community dentistry, Dental public health
Reconstructions identitaires chez les femmes autistes diagnostiquées à l’âge adulte

Recent studies have shown that the female profile of autism remains largely unknown within the psycho-medical community, to the extent that many autistic women see their condition go indefinitely undetected or only get diagnosed well into their adult lives. While becoming aware of the origin of their difference may enable people discovering themselves to be autistic at an advanced age to better understand their own functioning and to ensure respect, by themselves and others alike, for the particular needs associated with it, the ways in which the late diagnosis of autism can be interpreted from an identity point of view appear to have been little explored to date. The primary objective of this research is thus to analyze, on the basis of twenty semi-structured interviews conducted with as many autistic women diagnosed in adulthood, the ways in which they can be led to redefine the conception and expression of their personal identity following the confirmation of their neurological difference. As our data collection was carried out in two distinct locations, namely in Quebec and in France, we are also interested in how such an identity redefinition process might be influenced by the geographic context in which the person concerned evolves, and especially by the dominant representations of autism prevailing within that context. Finally, we examine whether the emergence of social movements struggling for better social recognition of female autism and for greater appreciation of the neurological diversity inherent to humankind can be associated in our participants with the development of a collective identity as autistic women or, more broadly, as people affected by some form of neurodivergence. Our results indicate that the diagnosis of autism in adulthood appears to result in an overall positive identity reconstruction for autistic women, but that many of them remain reluctant to express their reconstructed identity to others in a social context they perceive to be marked by the prevalence of a pejorative and stereotypical conception of autism and by a culture of conformity that exposes anyone whose way of being or acting deviates from the norms in place to a certain risk of stigmatization. We suggest, however, that openly asserting their difference as individuals and as a group may enable autistic women to contribute to a change in attitudes regarding their specific reality and, as a result, to the creation of a more tolerant and inclusive society with respect to neurodiversity as a whole.

Keyphrases: Genre, Camouflage, Female autism, Diagnosis, Gender, Camouflaging, Identity, Collective identity, Recognition, Social movements, Neurodiversity
Un effet de composition? : le rôle de la composition culturelle et économique des écoles secondaires fréquentées à 15 ans sur la faible diplomation à 25 ans

The objective of this thesis is to study the role of the cultural and economic composition of elementary schools attended at age 15, on non-graduation at age 25. Using data from Statistics Canada (Youth in Transition Survey), we proposed an original analysis of the inequality of opportunities in terms of academic success or rather non-success in high school at age 25. Theoretically, we use Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical framework for social reproduction. The originality of our approach is twofold. We first take into account both the individual characteristics of the students, but also the social composition of schools they attend. We also integrate at these two levels a multiplicity of indicators identified as important in educational success: cultural, economic, social, ethnic and gender. Our results lead us to note the existence of a double primacy of cultural capital in education insofar as the level of parents' education and the percentage of parents without a diploma in school are by far the two most important explanatory factors of non-graduation from high school at age 25. The study allowed us to criticize the production of synthetic indices of deprivation by educational actors: the proportion of single-parent families, divorced or living alone, the proportion of unemployed, the average income of the district or the proportion of people without qualifications in the agglomeration. of a school, in addition to not helping to predict academic non-success in high school, could contribute to reinforcing the stigmatization of schools. Finally, we show that the status of the school (regular public, enriched public and private), gender, ethnicity and parental income retain a significant impact after controlling cultural capital at the individual and school level.

Keyphrases: stratification, inequalities, social reproduction, school success, school failures, schools stratification, social composition, cultural capital, economic capital
Accoucher hors de l'hôpital : «expertes», «alternatives» ou «déçues», une typologie des parcours de femmes

This thesis focuses on eighteen women who chose to give birth outside the hospital, assisted by a midwife. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with them in order to bring out a global portrait of who they are in their entirety, leaving the maximum space for emotions and giving free rein to their life story. It was then through a retrospective analysis through different dimensions involved in the life course, dimensions temporal, relational and medical, that we were able to learn more about the yearnings that led to midwifery follow-up, in addition to deepening the experience of childbirth and the new perinatal implications of these women. This survey reveals similarities and differences among respondents, which will be broken down into three ideal types, the "experts", the "alternatives" and the "disappointed".

Keyphrases: dimensions, Midwifery, Pregnancy, Norms, Childbirth, Life course, Yearning, Ideal type, Perinatal involvement
L’autonomie au travail : étude de cas des livreur·euse·s de la gig-économie à Montréal

This dissertation focuses on the work experience of platform-based delivery workers through the lens of autonomy. It appears highly paradoxical that digital platforms, while celebrating the emancipatory value of autonomy, simultaneously undermine all its chances of effective realization by workers, by multiplying direct or indirect sources of control. To address this paradox, we question workers’ reception of the discourse on autonomy held by digital platforms and attempt to identify their personal interpretation of autonomy, in order to understand the conditions under which autonomy at work can be exercised. By adopting a broad conception of autonomy, we integrate the individual and collective scales in order to weave threads between the relationship to work and collective action as part of a reflection on the dynamics of mobilization.  Based on a corpus of 16 interviews conducted with platform delivery workers in Montreal, we are developing an analysis that attempts to distinguish between aspirations and concrete practices of autonomy, both at the individual and collective levels, by focusing on the obstacles to their realization. At the end of this analysis, we highlight the fact that autonomy appears to be an issue in the social relations of production, which is in constant tension with its dialectical opposite, namely, control. What then emerges appears to be a "grey zone of autonomy".

Keyphrases: Gig economy, Platform work, Platform capitalism, Autonomy, Relationship to work, Collective action, Mobilization, Precarious work
Les timides et leur timidité : typologie des représentations subjectives dans quatre fils de discussion

This thesis examines the representations shy people have of their shyness in an English-speaking discussion forum. While social representations of shyness have transformed according to their sociohistorical and sociocultural context, contemporary Western values of sociability have set the conditions for shyness seen as a social and medical problem. As a result, this thesis aims to understand how shy subjects perceive the object of their shyness within four discussion threads, which each engage a specific way of considering shyness: “Self-identity”, “Introversion”, “Social skills”, “Social anxiety”. Mobilizing social representations, the “ideal type”, symbolic interactionism and identity, a hundred anonymous posts written in 2019 and 2020 were the subject of a thematic analysis with NVivo. From this analysis, I propose four “ideal types” according to the representations of shyness and the motivation for writing posts: the shyness acquired in the face of innate introversion (“Introvert”); shyness as experiential suffering with a look to the past (“social anxiety”); the quest for the secret of social interactions with a look at the present (“Social skills”); the optimistic process of self-transformation with a look to the future (“Self-identity”). These four “ideal types” share a representation of shyness as an individual problem for which therapy is an individual responsibility.

Keyphrases: shyness, social anxiety, social representations, online forums, ideal type, self-writing
Pouvoir d’action des artistes dans le cadre de la commande publique : étude de cas de la Politique québécoise d’intégration des arts à l’architecture

The Politique d'intégration des arts à l’architecture et à l'environnement des bâtiments et des sites gouvernementaux et publics, or “ Politique du 1%”, endeavours to promote the creation in the province of Québec of contemporary artworks integrated into their environment. It has three main objectives: to provoke the creation of artistic works integrated into their spatial environment, to make Québec based artists and their works more visible while enriching the living environment of citizens, and finally to make contemporary art more accessible to the entire population of the Québec province. The application of the process undertaken for the realization of the integration of an artwork is managed by a committee set up for each project, and is done according to specific criteria which meet the diverse interests of the actors concerned, especially the general public and the experts of the artistic world. The challenge for the artist, through the creation of an integrative work, is then to meet the expectations generated by each group of actors. This research therefore aims to reveal the means by which artists cope with such expectations and our question thus relates to the power of action of the “integrating” artists within the framework of the process of creation and of integration of their work: what is the possibility of incorporating their values, their intimate approach but also their own interpretation of what a successful integration is, while creating a meaningful piece of art. The research thus reveals that an adaptation of their approach and practice is necessary in this new context. The analysis of the artists' discourse also highlights a spectrum of adaptability, which enables to understand how this adaptation is possible given the confrontation of values such as freedom and autonomy to the constraints inherent in the policy.

Keyphrases: intégration des arts, politique, public commission, integration of the arts, creation, artists, policy, creative freedom, visual arts
Une souffrance silencieuse : analyse critique des représentations gouvernementales institutionnelles de la souffrance psychique au Québec (1989-2015)

Several authors have worked on social conceptions of mental illness and the inter-influences between society and the construction of mental health problems. In a critic perspective, the present qualitative exploratory study concerns the representations of suffering related to mental health issues, in an institutional corpus, namely the Politique de santé mentale de 1989 and the three mental health policies of 1998, 2005 and 2015, of Quebec government. At the end of a thematic discourse analysis, our results are organized in two areas: the way suffering is comprehended and presented in the corpus and the way they outlook to response to it. The cross-sectional analysis of the corpus shows the growing influence of some normalizing, medicalizing and neoliberalism (in particular, managing and economics) perspectives. An accountability of the individual, by an evacuation of social dimensions of mental health problems is also observable.

Keyphrases: Santé mentale, Suffering, Mental Health, Social representation, Mental health policy, Neoliberalism, Norm, Medicalization
L’activisme environnemental privé comme comportement politique

Contemporary environmental issues require the mobilization of all societal actors. In this context, it is essential to be able to adequately understand citizen political participation regarding the environment. In reviewing the literature, we note that certain analytical currents conclude that there is a need to broaden the concepts of political participation and environmental activism in order to better consider the impact of lifestyle and the private sphere. Based on the highlights of these two literatures, we propose a typology that differentiates pro-environmental activist actions according to their "novelty" (as analytical objects of a political nature) and their radicality. In order to empirically validate this model and to determine whether new environmental activist behaviours are truly political, we analyzed data from a survey of 3458 Canadians from the general population and 2653 members of Canadian environmental groups. We first conducted an exploratory factor analysis to identify different types of pro-environmental actions. After associating the resulting factors to the quadrants of our typology, we conducted a series of linear regression analyses to compare the characteristics of conventional political actions and new activist behaviours. The results tend to confirm the view that the latter have a strong political resonance. It therefore seems necessary to consider the broader potential of the notion of political behaviour in order to draw more accurate conclusions, both in terms of assessing citizen political participation and activist engagement in environmental issues.

Keyphrases: Canada, Political participation, Political behaviors, Environmental activism, Pro-environmental behaviors
Cellular basis of flower and leaf primordium initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana : how to make an organ in three dimensions

The development of a multicellular organism requires the proper coordination of growth, pattern determination and cell differentiation. Still, while the genetic basis of morphogenesis has been extensively studied, the process converting gene activity into intricate biological shapes is less understood. In Arabidopsis thaliana, flowers and leaves, both initiated from the shoot apical meristem (SAM), have a very similar genetic expression profile. Yet, their shape differs considerably from early developmental stages. A full comprehension of this paradox requires an accurate quantification of cellular growth in those organs. In this paper, I am presenting a methodology for the complete spatio-temporal quantitative analysis of growth and proliferation of initiating leaves and flowers in wild type Arabidopsis thaliana. By analyzing time series of leaf and flower confocal images, I conclude that the morphological differences observed between flowers and leaves mainly arises from asymmetrical distributions of growth between their adaxial and abaxial sides during their initiation. I show that the tissue that mainly contributes to the development of early primordium is the layer 2 (L2) in leaves, and the layer 3 (L3) in flowers. My preliminary results also demonstrate that the first signs of organ initiation are a change in growth distribution, not cell proliferation. In the future, by applying this methodology, for example, to study morphogen reporter lines, it could finally bridge the gap between the morphogenesis and the genetics of plant initiation.

Keyphrases: MorphoGraphX, Cell expansion, Cell division, Morphogenesis, Organogenesis, Organ initiation, Shoot lateral organs, Image analysis
L’influence des conditions environnementales sur le déterminisme du sexe chez la moule 
bleue (Mytilus edulis)

The factors affecting sex determination still remain unknown for most bivalve species. Some studies reported that environmental factors, such as temperature, influence sex determination in certain species, and this has been hypothesized also for the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, but not experimentally validated yet. Adult exposure to different environmental conditions during gametogenesis, which occurs seasonally, may also affect offspring phenotype, including sex determination. Intergenerational carryover effects have been reported in bivalves, but the impact of parental exposures on offspring sex determination has not been examined so far. To address these questions, artificial fertilizations were performed on individuals collected in three different years and their embryos and larvae were reared at three different temperatures to specifically test if the environment influence offspring sex ratio through effects on parental developing gametes and/or on developing embryos. We took advantage of the doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria in bivalves to determine the sex of the larvae. The analysis of 1938 larvae from 25 crosses revealed that the overall proportion of female larvae was significantly different among years, varying from 64 % to 98 %. While the proportion of female larvae across temperature ranged from 0 to 100 % in some cases, the reaction norms were cross-specific and there were no significant effects of rearing temperature on sex ratio. Taken together, our results suggested that sex determination in M. edulis occur during the gametogenesis according to the genotype of the parents, but could also be changed during the development. More importantly, both processes are strongly affected by environmental conditions.

Keyphrases: Sex-ratio, Mytilus edulis, Transmission doublement uniparental des mitochondries (DUI), Environmental conditions, Temperature, Sex Determination, Sex ratio, Mussel Culture, Doubly Uniparental Inheritance of mitochondria (DUI)
Les modes d’organisation des temps liés au travail et la protection de la santé et de la sécurité des travailleurs : examen d’une protection morcelée

Contemporary phenomena such as the development of communication technologies, the globalization of markets and the intensification of work have radically disrupted the labour market. Thus, we are witnessing the transition from an industrial society characterized by predictable and stable working hours to a post-industrial society where the ways of organizing the work-related time are flexible and diversified, and in which the boundaries between working time and personal time are blurred. Several scientific studies have established significant links between the modes of organization of work-related time, such as long working hours, overtime, shift work, mandatory availability, on-call periods, faction schedules, part-time work, and break and rest periods, and several physical and psychological health issues. It is therefore legitimate to wonder whether the legislative framework governing Quebec’s labour market, which was instituted in the industrial era, is still relevant and adequate to achieve one of its aim, namely to protect the worker’s occupational health and safety. The purpose of our research is to determine the extent to which the current legal framework in Quebec allows for the protection of the health and safety of workers exposed to risks generated by the organization of work-related time. We have examined, through an empirical study of case law, the legal framework surrounding the different ways of organizing work time that we identified in our sample, such as mandatory overtime, shift work, faction schedules, mandatory availability, rest and break periods and disputes related to work time for pregnant or breastfeeding workers. We were particularly interested in the issue of mobilizing norms and recourses in the context of a fragmented legal system. Overall, our research demonstrates that the labour legal framework suffers from important shortcomings, which impede the mobilization of the rules by workers, thereby radically diminishing the legal protection of the workers’ occupational health and safety and raising significant concerns about the accessibility to justice.

Keyphrases: Working time, Overtime, On-call work, Mandatory availability, Occupational health and safety, Fragmentation of labour law