NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Intervention éducative auprès de parents quant à l’observation et l’interprétation 
des comportements spécifiques de leur nouveau-né prématuré
afin d’améliorer leur confiance parentale

Parents of preterm infants may feel confused by their infant’s behaviors which are different from those born at term (Als et al., 1979; Vanderberg, 2000), and, in return, may undermine their parental confidence (Kenner & Lott, 1990; May & Hu, 2000). Consequently, it is suggested that neonatal nurses support parents in the observation and interpretation of the preterm infant’s behaviors (White-Traut, Dols, & McGrath, 2010), to promote their parental confidence. Indeed, parental confidence may have an impact on the establishment of parent-child attachment, and thus on the well-being of preterm infants (Raines & Brustad, 2012). An educative intervention was developed and implemented with five families of preterm infants born between 28 to 32 weeks of gestation. Through the intervention, parents learned to interpret and respond appropriately to their infant’s behavior in order to improve their parental confidence. The educational intervention seems to have improved the parental confidence of all mothers who participated in the intervention. The mothers were also satisfied with the content of the educative intervention, as well as with the documentation which was given to them. Enlighten by the benefits of the educational intervention, recommendations for the clinical practice and research were made. Finally, the internship goals and personal learning goals have been achieved.

Keyphrases: Parents, Signs of stress, Signs of adaptation, Preterm infant, Educative intervention, Hand containment
Facteurs associés à l'alimentation traditionnelle au sein de trois communautés cries du Nord du Québec

To reduce the high prevalence rates of chronic diseases and slow the sharp decline in consumption of traditional foods for the Cree, northern Quebec, this study proposes to identify the factors affecting the consumption of traditional foods through an ecological perspective. A mixed method design was used combining focus groups (n = 23) with secondary data analysis from three cross-sectional studies (n = 374). First, a logistic regression was performed followed by interviews, providing additional information to enrich, clarify and even contradict interpretations based on quantitative analyzes.  In light of the results, two scientific papers were written. The results clearly identified several factors that help or interfer with the consumption of traditional foods. These factors are distributed on four levels of influence :individual, social, community and environmental. A better documentation of environmental, social and community factors is desirable for future research. These findings will have an immediate application in public health planning.

Keyphrases: Traditional foods, First Nations, Ecological perspective, Factors, Mixed methods research, Logistic regression, Focus group
L’anomie pharmaco-médicale. Compte-rendu de La prise de décision en éthique clinique : Perspectives micro, méso et macro, sous la direction de Yanick Farmer, Marie-Ève Bouthilier et Delphine Roigt

La prise de décision en éthique clinique Perspectives micro, méso et macro is an edited collection resulting from a workshop around a single clinical case at the end of life in which was introduced an exception drug. The authors of each chapter outline and implement their different analytical frameworks by staging one or more levels of decision making, i.e., physician, patient (micro), clinic, institution (meso) and government (macro).

Keyphrases: éthique, anticancéreux, exception drug, ethics, anticancer, end of life, quality of life, individual health, population health, analytical tools, conflicts of interest, social challenges
“Can’t you at least die with a little dignity?” The Right to Die Debates and Normative Dignity

In recent decades, the right to die has emerged as one of the most divisive social and political questions in North America and Europe, one that involves the mobilization of numerous social actors and activists as well as several legal challenges. In Québec, the provincial legislature formed the “Select Committee on Dying with Dignity”, a group of legislators tasked with examining the issue. In their 2012 report, they recommend the legalization of “medical aid in dying” as an appropriate part of the continuum of care at the end of life. From a meta-analysis of the written and oral submissions collected by the Committee in different locations throughout the province, this article presents several competing meanings of what human dignity means at the end of life. Intrinsic definitions of dignity – whether religious or philosophical – often associate dignity with an acceptance of death. These definitions of dignity compete with more relative and contingent understandings of dignity. In such a view, dignity depends on the physical or mental condition of the individual. Here “dying with dignity” means dying without undue suffering or loss of autonomy. Whether “dying with dignity” is defined as having a peaceful or meaningful death or alternatively as an end-of-life without undue suffering or loss of autonomy, these normative calls all take for granted that human beings want to die with dignity. This article analyzes the multiple meanings of dignity in the right to die debate while challenging the assumption that a “good death” is necessary synonymous with “dying with dignity.”

Keyphrases: Québec, dignité relative, right to die debate, intrinsic dignity, relative dignity, good death, euthanasia, normativity
Développement local comme stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté : le cas du Programme de développement de zone implanté par World Vision en Haïti

This thesis examines the issues of local government as a strategy to fight against poverty in Haiti. As a study case of a strategy that the World Vision established in many poor rural communities- The Area Development Program-, we want to understand and clarify how the PDZ was able to help in building a local project development for fighting poverty in these communities. More specifically, we analyze, with the help of Klein and al. (2011) perspective, the type of strategy of local development which best describes the PDZ and we determine how these communities get involved in this strategy.   Thus, we focus on many aspects that were mainly suggested by Klein and al. : the transfer of the strategy to the local authorities ; the process of local leadership (individual, organizational and socio-territorial) ; the mobilization of endogenous and exogenous resources ; creative use of public programs ; local conflict management and collective learning ; positive identity and community feeling construction.   This research highlights criticism leveled against NGOs operations, about the dependency situations that arose as a result of assistance-based approaches of their aid. The PDZ study particularly teaches us that development through local initiatives raises daunting challenges and major issues, in the context of extreme poverty, cumulative disadvantages (in term of human, economic and political resources) or objectives obstacles. The facts show us that the PDZ strategy doesn’t allow a local mobilization that could sustain the initiatives inspired by the community`s self-defined needs, although the PDZ strategy succeeds in developing local leadership, in promoting limited movement of capital and enabling some people to construct a positive identity. Finally, we will conclude that the PDZ strategy refers to a top-down model.

Keyphrases: Initiative locale, Capital socio-territorial, World Vision International (WVI), Local Development, Local initiative, Poverty, Fighting poverty, Transformational sustainable development, Resources mobilization, Socio-territorial capital
L’image corporelle chez les femmes atteintes de vestibulodynie provoquée primaire et secondaire : Une étude contrôlée

Introduction. Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a women’s genito-pelvic pain condition that is associated with psychological and sexual impairments. Studies suggest that women with primary (PVD1) and secondary (PVD2) PVD might present different etiologic profiles. Body image (BI) has been found to be significantly different in women with PVD1 and PVD2, and in women with PVD compared to asymptomatic women. However, no controlled study to date has compared BI in women with PVD1 and PVD2. Further, the contribution of BI to sexual satisfaction, function and pain in women with PVD has not been investigated. Aim. The aims of the present study were to 1) describe and compare BI in three groups of women (PVD1, PVD2 and asymptomatic controls) and 2) examine the extent to which BI modulates sexual satisfaction, sexual function and pain during intercourse in women with PVD. Methods. Twenty women with PVD1, 19 women with PVD2 and 18 control women, for a total of 57 women (M age = 25.72, SD = 4.93), took part in a gynaecologic examination to confirm their PVD diagnosis or control status. Participants completed measures of BI (Body Esteem Scale, Body Exposure during Sexual Activities Questionnaire and Attitudes Toward Women Genital Scale), sexual satisfaction (Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction Scale), sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index), pain intensity during intercourse (Pain Visual Analog Scale) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II).  Results. Controlling for depression, women with PVD1 reported more body exposure anxiety during sexual activities than women with PVD2 and controls F(2,51) = 4,23, p = .02. Controlling for depression, higher body exposure anxiety during sexual activities was associated with lower sexual satisfaction (β = - 0.45, p = .02), lower sexual function (β =  - 0.39, p = .04) and higher pain intensity during intercourse (β = 0.59, p = .004). More positive body esteem was associated with higher sexual function (β = 0.34, p = .05).  Conclusions. Findings suggest that women with PVD1 present a more impaired BI during sexual activities. Given higher body exposure anxiety during sexual activities was associated with lower sexual satisfaction, lower sexual function and higher pain during intercourse, interventions targeting BI during sexual activities may help improve these aspects of PVD women’s sexuality.

Keyphrases: Dyspareunie, Dyspareunia, Provoked vestibulodynia, Body image, Sexual satisfaction, Sexual function, Pain, Clinical psychology
L'oulipien translateur : la bibliothèque médiévale de Jacques Roubaud

This thesis examines how Jacques Roubaud, while rewriting texts and motifs from Middle Ages, also recaptures an ancient practice of literature. Indeed, throughout his work, Jacques Roubaud acknowledges medieval literature as an inspirational field. Not only does he publish, as a true scholar, several essays about troubadours and Arthurian romances, but also considers texts and writers of Middle Ages as examples to be followed for his own material. He seems to recognise himself in the medieval conception of literature, in which originality is not a matter of newness but consists in dealing with what has already been told. Writing is always about rewriting, adapting and passing old tales on, in a medieval word, writing is about “translatio”. By reconstructing the old library that Jacques Roubaud paces, this study therefore analyses the numerous mechanisms of rewriting in the light of medieval poetic.

Keyphrases: Roubaud, Oulipo, Middle Ages, Rewriting, Intertextuality, Medieval Poetics
La réglementation des risques associés à la gouvernance des régimes complémentaires de retraite

In a turbulent financial world, private pension plans manage an important part of the retirement savings of Quebecers balancing the competing interests of various stakeholders: employers, active participants, retirees and financial intermediaries. Considering the complexity of the technical and financial instruments, management of pension plans has become a perilous exercise for plan administrators. In this context, the regulatory risks associated with pension governance today is an important socio-economic challenge to ensure sustainability of our pension system. The legal and regulatory framework applicable to pension plans originate essentially from the Supplemental Pension Plans Act and its regulations, as well as the Civil Code of Quebec. Based on economic and financial studies, this study analyzes the legal framework for the operation and governance of pension plans by pension committees, and proposes improvements using a risk-based approach. As a preliminary issue, in order to locate in time the current problem, this study presents the development of private pensions from their origin to the present day, focusing on the rules affecting their management. Then, in a first part, the theoretical framework supporting this study is exposed. Private pension plans are presented as an intermediary operating in the financial markets through other intermediaries: portfolio managers, security dealers and custodians. This study applies corporate governance principles to pension plans based on the risk to the organization. This part leads to the development of an agency theory of private pension plans involving fundamental relationships between employers, participants and beneficiaries, as well as portfolio manager(s). In the second part, the legal and regulatory environment of the applicable private pension governance is presented and the incentive structure of rules is discussed in the light of theoretical and empirical economic studies. After explaining the main contracts of pension plans, a review of some legal mechanisms is presented: general duties of managers, rules of composition, internal operation and accountability. This study allows us to offer a series of recommendations aimed at improving the governance and operation of private pension plans.

Keyphrases: Adminstration, Retirement, Pension Plan, Governance, Pension Fund, Risk Management, Regulation, Agency Theory
An Ethic of Connectedness: Book Review of The Connected Self: The Ethics and Governance of the Genetic Individual

The Connected Self: The Ethics and Governance of the Genetic Individual challenges readers to engage in both the social and scientific complexities of researching the human genome, and how they influence evolving conceptions of the self. Heather Widdows proposes that the existing principles of bioethics, which govern biomedical research, insufficiently reflect the interactions of individuals to their communities and social networks, and argues that recognition of such interactions in understanding genetics and health is necessary for policies to effectively safeguard research participants from harms that may result.

Keyphrases: genetics, governance, research ethics, autonomy, toolbox
End-of-Life Decisions and Advanced Old Age

Despite the fact that most people die in advanced old age, little attention is given to cases involving older people in debates about the moral and legal dimensions of end-of-life decision making. The purpose of this paper is to establish some of the ways our discussions should change as we pay attention to important factors influencing end-of-life decisions for people in advanced old age. Focusing on the prevalence of comorbidities and the likelihood that people in advanced old age will experience an extended period of declining function before death, I argue that our debates should be expanded to include greater consideration of how we want to live in the final stages of life. With this, I am arguing against the tendency to think that “end-of-life” decision making concerns only making decisions about when and how it is appropriate to terminate a person’s life. I argue, further, that we should move away from the medicalization of dying.

Keyphrases: suicide assisté, euthanasia, assisted suicide, end-of-life, advanced old age, decision making, medicalization
Sen and Nussbaum: Agency and Capability- Expansion1

Capability approach pioneers Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum both recognize empowerment as an important aspect of human development. They seem to disagree, however, about how empowerment should be represented within the capability approach (CA). This essay is concerned with the analysis of the foundational concepts at work within Sen and Nussbaum’s CAs. Part One concerns the key concepts of empowerment at work in Sen’s CA and has three goals. 1) Clarify Sen’s various empowerment concepts. 2) Argue that Sen’s concept of Realize Agency Success is flawed. 3) Make clear that empowerment in Sen’s approach can be helpfully understood in terms of agency and capability set expansion. Part Two considers Nussbaum’s CA and the debate over whether it can account for empowerment. I conclude that not only can Nussbaum’s CA account for empowerment, but that the role of empowerment in both Sen’s and Nussbaum’s CAs can be understood in terms of agency and capability set expansion. In other words, Sen and Nussbaum actually agree about empowerment at the foundational level.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, capability approach, empowerment, amartya sen, martha nussbaum, foundational issues
L’éthique économique en Islam au prisme du concept de besoin

This article examines the contours of economic ethics in Islam through the issues related to the concept of need. It brings a new light on how Islam develops economic act which is incompatible with the conventional economic paradigm: the needs of men living in society is not only an economic problem but is also a reflection of moral and spiritual values. This set of normative foundations meant shape and educate both individual and collective socio-economic behavior and, on behalf of the principles of social justice and shared responsibility.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Islam
Una relectura de la noción de bien común y su relación con la economía

The notion of common good is frequently used in a broad or vague sense. Actually, it is a complex concept which is hard to define. Having been born in a classical era, many authors think it is attached to (and dependent on) a metaphysical mindset which will never be assumed again. To those scholars, the very concept should be abandoned from the standpoint of a modern political or social scientist. In this context, the goal of this work is to offer a reinterpretation of the notion for our times. We revise its origin in the thought of Aristotle and Aquinas, as well as its path in some modern catholic philosophers, such as Rosmini, Taparelli and Pesch. Then, a summary of some contemporary trends related to the issue is offered, namely, the Discourse Ethics, the Capabilities Approach or the Civil Economy. The final section explains the main features of Bernard Lonergan’s treatment of the matter. His notion of good of order and his definition of the structure of the good are presented, ending with some notes on the conditions that an economy should meet to enable an effective realization of the common good, which he developed in his economic writings.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethcis, economics, Bernard Lonergan
An Ethical Analysis of Neoliberal Capitalism: Alternative Perspectives from Development Ethics

In this paper, the author submits the position that the worldwide capitalist economy has taken the route of neoliberal capitalism. The main distinction among market capitalism and neoliberal capitalism is the role of the private market mechanism to economic and non-economic activities. The evolution of neoliberal capitalism is historically specific. In turn, specific aspects of the free-market economics, here mentioned as neoliberal economics, are the intellectual defender of the neoliberal capitalism. The purpose of the paper is to explore neoliberal capitalism in deeper ethical terms and to offer an ethical alternative. Development ethics is an important alternative perspective to neoliberalism, which is often neglected even in the heterodox economic literature. In particular, an original ethical model, on the basis of ‘social ethics’, is suggested for the discovery of the meta- ethical, normative-ethical and applied-ethical orientations of an economic system and of an economic analysis. After the ethical evaluation of neoliberal capitalism and neoliberal economic analysis the development ethics alternative is recommended.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Neoliberal Capitalism, Neoliberal Economics, Market Capitalism, Social Ethics, the Washington Consensus
Maxims of Action in a Financial Co-operative: Epistemological and Theoretical Issues

This article focuses on the sense and function of a set of maxims which sums up the normative foundations of professional-client relationships in a French credit union. This set constitutes the main result of an exploratory and essentially descriptive field study. Discussion attempts to show that no single moral normative framework is appropriate to account for the set as a whole, although an ethic of care seems prima facie relevant. However, I will argue that the particularist-generalist distinction helps to make the set intelligible, because it reveals the apparent opposition between the determinate professional roles and indeterminate family roles fulfilled by client advisors. Drawing from this indeterminateness, the article concludes on the paradoxical use of vagueness in the realization of values within an institution, and suggests a reference to the American pragmatism with respect to the theorization of the set of maxims.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, maxims of action, theorization, care ethics, pragmatism, indeterminateness of roles
Accumulation et résistance aux Philippines : conflits fonciers dans les hautes-terres du Negros Oriental

The convergence of the financial, energy and food crisis has contributed to an intensification of land control by state and non-state actors. National and transnational companies, assisted by local governments are acquiring large tracts of arable lands in order to produce cash crops for biofuel production. Sometimes referred to as "land acquisition", "foreign investment in agriculture" or "land grabbing," this phenomenon seems to describe the future of agricultural policies in many countries. In the Philippines, several agreements are taken place in order to develop the biofuels industry. According to the government, these agreements, in addition to relieve the agriculture sector of much needed investment, can generate positive effects on rural settings such as securing income for farmers and create employment in these regions. This research examined the ways in which land grabbing transforms property relation prior to the agreement of a region characterized by a hybrid system of production. The field work was conducted in four upland communities in the southern province of Negros Oriental, where 10,000 hectares of farmland have been granted to a Korean company specializing in the production of ethanol. This acquisition led to a process of exclusion and dispossession by the traditional elites at the expense of previously oriented food production communities. These small farmers were evicted from the land, therefore from the resources that constitute their livelihoods. Following opposition from farmers and civil organizations, military units were dispatched in the region, leading to an intensification of conflicts. Several paramilitary units now share space initially occupied by the peasants who had to leave due increasing violence.

Keyphrases: Philippines, Land grab, Agrofuel, Accumulation by dispossession, Resistance, Livelihoods, Upland, Exclusion, Land tenure, Land conflict