NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Les gravures du journal illustré montréalais L’Opinion publique(1870-1883) : une représentation populaire de l’ailleurs

This master’s thesis focuses on the representation of the idea of “elsewhere” as conveyed by the illustrated newspaper L’Opinion publique’s engravings to the pictures’readers in Quebec. Indeed, if history did commence with the written word alone, challenges would arise with regards to the historical study of those who did not leave behind such accounts, namely the illiterate or barely literate. We propose to study this audience by means of the printed picture. Thus, we explored how “elsewhere” was portrayed to the newspaper’s readers through the medium of the picture. We believe that the pictures were understood by everyone. Considering half of the newspaper consisted of illustrations, we assume L’Opinion publique would have been accessible to everyone. Our conclusions show that these illustrations could have expanded knowledge of space of the Quebecers, through the representation of the news. We notice a part of these engravings come from French newspapers and depict France and her colonies. Through the elite, Montreal population is in contact with a degree of French influence. A comparison with the Canadian Illustrated News reveals significant differences.  This newspaper, owned by the same person, indicates a marked interest in the British Empire. The Canadian Illustrated News aims at a public more cultured than the French-speaking counterpart, indicated by the broader array of topics covered. Thus both papers explored different points-of-views, which were transmitted to its readers, working class or not, French or English speaking.

Keyphrases: XIXe siècle, 19th century, Quebec, Illustrated press, Pictures'readers
2S 7,1-17 en contexte historique,
évaluation de la mise en forme et de la transmission du texte dans le débat portant sur la tradition deutéronomiste

The principal objective of this thesis is to elucidate the source materials, the reception and the transmission of 2S 7,1-17 inside the debate concerning the Deuteronomic History, as well as to verify the possible link of the text with the evolution of the Jewish theology coming from the Deuteronomic edition.   Our research begins with textual criticism in order to establish a reliable text in the Hebrew language. Then a syntactic analysis allows us to propose an accurate translation and to better understand the meaning of the text in its original language. Taking into account the results from these two first chapters, we then deal with the question concerning the different literary sources which lie behind the text of 2S 7,1-17. A more detailed exploration of some issues ensuins the source criticism and the study of  the reception of  2S 7,1-17 by the Chronicler(s), show that inside the Hebrew literal traditions, the prophecy of Nathan evolved significantly in different traditions.    Based on the four steps of research, we identify the elements that could be linked with the theories existing in the debate of the Deuteronomic History, and highlight the forces and the weaknesses of the proposed solutions. The research results allow us to think that the integration of the prophecy of Nathan into history could be explained by the necessity to clarify a sequence of events according to the diverse theological perspectives. It is in the conditions of the Exile that we have the latest text of 2S 7,1-17 offering a reflection on the first history of Israel. In this meaning, the prophecy of Nathan takes all its value and its extension beyond only the personal history of David or of Solomon.

Keyphrases: Exil babylonien, 2 Samuel 7, Syntactic analysis, Historico-critical exegesis, Davidic-Solomonic Dynasty, Babylonian Exile, Deuteronomic History (Deuteronomic Historiography), Messianism, 2 Samuel 7
Imagerie à haut contraste et caractérisation d'exoplanètes par la spectroscopie intégrale de champ

The main goal of this thesis is the improvement of high-contrast imaging techniques enabling the direct detection of faint companions at small separations from their host star. More precisely, it answers some questions linked to the development of the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), a second generation instrument for the Gemini telescopes. This instrument will use an integral field spectrometer (IFS) to characterize the detected faint companions and to attenuate the speckle noise limiting their detection. Moreover, it will use a combination of two deformable mirrors, the woofer and the tweeter, in its adaptive optics (AO) system in order to reach the atmospheric turbulence correction sought. The woofer corrects the low spatial frequency high amplitude aberrations while the ones  with a high frequency and a low amplitude are compensated by the tweeter. First, the high-contrast imaging performance achieved by current on-line IFS on 8-10 m telescopes are investigated through the observation of the faint companion to the star GQ Lup using the IFS NIFS and the AO system ALTAIR presently in function on the telescope Gemini North. The angular differential imaging (ADI) technique is used to reach an attenuation of the speckle noise by a factor of 2 to 6. The JHK spectra obtained were used to constrain the mass of the companion to 8−60 MJup making it most likely a brown dwarf. MJup represents the mass of Jupiter. Current on-line IFS were conceived to be versatile so that they could be used in many astrophysical fields. Hence, their conception was not optimized for high-contrast imaging. The second part of this thesis objective was to build and test in the laboratory an IFS optimized for this task. Four speckle suppression algorithms were tested on the resulting data: the simple difference, the double difference, the spectral deconvolution and a novel algorithm developed in this thesis dubbed the spectral twin algorithm. We found the spectral twin algorithm to be the most efficient to detect both types of companions tested: methanated and non-methanated. The detection signal-to-noise ratio was improved by a factor up to 14 for the methanated companion and up to 2 for a non-methanated one. In the last part, problems linked to the wavefront correction split between two deformable mirrors are investigated. First, a method allowing to select the woofer key parameters such as its diameter, its number of actuators and its required stroke which influenced the overall instrument design is presented. Second, since GPI will use a Fourier reconstructor, we propose to split the command in the Fourier domain and to limit the modes sent to the woofer to the ones it can accurately reproduce. In GPI, this results in replacing two matrices of 1600×69 elements in the case of a classic command split scheme by a single matrix of 45×69 components with the proposed method.

Keyphrases: Image processing, High contrast imaging, Exoplanets, Astronomical instrumentation, Adaptive optics
Caractérisation du potentiel métastatique des carcinomes mammaires de phénotype basal

In Canada, we estimate that one woman in nine will develop a breast cancer, and one woman in twenty-eight will succumb of her disease. The basal-like breast cancer which represents 15 to 25% of invasive breast cancer, is associated with a poor prognosis. Metastases are the main cause of mortality for patients affected from cancer. Many steps are involved in the metastatic cascade. Each step can be studied using specific markers. Our research hypothesis is that basal-like breast cancer have distinct charactheristics which can explain their higher metastatic potential and poor overall survival.  Six tissue microarrays comprising a total of 213 breast tumors were assembled. The relative expression of conventional and putative metastasis related markers was studied using immunohistochemistry.  When the expression of metastatic potential markers was evaluated in breast carcinomas, basal-like breast cancer was found to express higher levels of Ki-67, EGFR, CD276 and galectin-7. Furthermore, GATA-3, an antimetastatic protein, was found to be completely absent in basal-cell type breast cancers. Our results confirm that the basal-like breast cancer has a highest metastatic potential than the other molecular subtypes and suggest that galectin-7 may play a role.

Keyphrases: Basal-like subtype, Breast cancer, Immunohistochemistry, Metastasis, Tissue microarray
A Type-Preserving Compiler from System F to Typed Assembly Language

Formal methods are rapidly improving and gaining ground in software. Type systems are the most successful and popular formal method used to develop software.  As the technology of type systems progresses, new needs and new opportunities appear.  One of those needs is to ensure the faithfulness of the translation from  source code to machine code, so that the properties you prove about the code you write also apply to the code you run.  This thesis presents a compiler from a polymorphic higher-order functional language to typed assembly language, whose main property is that type preservation is verified statically, through type annotations on the compiler's code.  Our compiler implements the essential code transformations for a higher-order functional language, namely a CPS conversion and closure conversion as well as a code generation.  The thesis presents the details of the strongly typed intermediate representations and the constraints they set on the implementation of code transformations.  Our goal is to guarantee type preservation with a minimum of type annotations, and without compromising readability and modularity of the code.  This goal is already a reality for simple types, and we discuss the problems remaining for polymorphism, which still requires substantial extra work to satisfy the type checker.

Keyphrases: Certified compilation, Typed assembly language, Polymorphism, Program verification, Bindings
Une approche conceptuelle pour l’interprétation des graphiques en cinématique au secondaire

The goal of this study is to determine whether the use of a guided inquiry laboratory (as a teaching complement based on a conceptual approach) will allow secondary five students to better understand kinematics notions than by the use of an expository laboratory. It comes within a series of college and university studies about teaching approaches using laboratories to transmit physics’ concepts in mechanics (McDermott, 1996; Beichner, 1994).   The guided inquiry laboratory approach is associated to a conceptual approach based on qualitative reasoning, whereas the expository laboratory is associated to traditional approach in teaching physics. The Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics (TUG-K) (Beichner, 1994) and individual interviews were used to evaluate understanding of kinematics concepts. First of all, the study shows that a guided inquiry approach is an effective method to teach most of kinematics notions. Comparing the results from two groups of 38 students, the study results indicate that a conceptual approach laboratory is better than an expository laboratory for students’ long-term understanding of acceleration notions.

Keyphrases: Conceptual change, Conceptual approach, Traditional approach, Inquiry laboratory, Expository laboratory, Physics, Kinematics, Acceleration, Graphs, TUG-K test
Investigation par les potentiels évoqués des effets de multiples commotions cérébrales chez les athlètes

Concussions sustained in sporting contexts are a major concern. In United States only, it has been estimated that among all athletes in college teams, 5% will be concussed. According to an agreement following an international symposium on concussion in sport, in most cases, this is a transient injury. Within the field, it is known that the likelihood of sustaining a concussion increased as a function of the number of past concussions. This aspect challenges the transient conception of the injury. Functional imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or eventrelated potentials (ERP) showed functional alterations in absence of any behavioral changes within concussed athlete groups. ERP consist in the averaged cerebral electrical signal recorded on the scalp during a given stimulation or task. Many components may be identified within the signal, each associated to specific perceptual and cognitive functioning. In concussed athletes, it is possible that functional alterations persist well beyond the acute period. ERP have been chosen to study this topic because of their sensitivity. Scientific papers included in this thesis discuss the effects of multiple concussions among young adult athletes months after the last concussion. The first study investigates two groups of athletes with multiple concussions at different time points. P3a and P3b were used as electrophysiological markers. These components are known to be related to attention and memory functions. Results demonstrate that, despite normal neuropsychological evaluation, attenuation is present on both P3. Those changes were still present years after, but in a more subtle manner. The second study describes the effect of multiple concussions on sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN), an ERP component specifically related to information maintenance in visual working memory. Results showed that athletes who sustained three concussions or more display an attenuated SPCN. Also, a modulation of the SPCN as a function of the number of concussions was point out. Overall, these results might help to explain the increased risk of further concussions among concussed athletes. It is possible that results are explained by subclinical cognitive deficits and/or compensatory mechanisms. Finally, such data invites extra precaution in the management of concussions. Also, it seems important to give young athletes plenty of information to allow them to make more enlightened decisions about their future.

Keyphrases: P3, SPCN, Concussion, Athletes, Electrophysiology, P3, SPCN
La migration féminine qualifiée d’origine sud-américaine à Montréal : ressources culturelles et symboliques, et stratégies d’accès au marché de l’emploi

During the beginning of the 21st century the migration of skilled workers from South America to Canada and Quebec has grown very fast. However, this migration and its female component do not appear to have been the subject of a sociological reading. This work aims to fill some gaps in this subject by examining the process of economic integration of South American female immigrants who have arrived in Canada in this last decade. The study includes the analysis of 16 cases of women from various South American countries, specifically women who have a university degree or equivalent, who have working experience in their country of origin and who have a good knowledge of French.    The questions guiding this research go beyond the statistical or socio-demographics analysis of a group not studied before in the Canadian context. The central aim of this work is to examine the importance of a range of cultural and symbolic resources that are deployed in the process of the socio-economic integration of South American female immigrants in Montreal who arrived into the category of "skilled workers.” With this aim, the study analyzes how the cultural and symbolic resources acquired in the society of origin can affect the success of these women by allowing them to define strategies of labour market integration in the receiving society.   In considering the original and host societies as the social referents, this study offers an understanding of the importance of both the context and the personal experience that will impact directly on the career paths of female skilled immigrants in the post-migratory context. The analysis extends from the study of factors constructed as socio-cultural and hierarchical categories which, depending on the context, defines the social position and through experience, defines the situational position of immigrants. The access, use and mobilization of resources to develop strategies of socio-professional integration are analyzed from four axes : the experiential, the inter-subjective, the organizational and the representational dimensions.

Keyphrases: Skilled female migration, South American women, Cultural and symbolic resources, Strategies of socio-economic integration, Intersectionality
Représentations sociales et opérations discursives en politique : enjeux de spectacularisation

This doctoral dissertation deals with social representations. Resulting from a conceptual bricolage, these representations are inspired, among others, by the work of Serge Moscovici and a number of more contemporary followers, also known as the French school of social representations, as well as some English authors exploring the same concept. The writings of other researchers, such as Stuart Hall, Richard Dyer and Jean-Michel Berthelot, which are rooted in a perspective related to Cultural Studies and to sociology, have also helped us define our own approach to social representations, and understand how they operate. More specifically, we consider representations, based on Jodelet (1989), as “socially constructed and shared forms of knowledge, having a practical goal and contributing to the production of a common reality for a social group” (p. 36). These representations also possess other characteristics. They are, according to us, constitutive, as well as shaped by language processes, which make possible a number of operations. This concept allows us to study representations from the perspective of their effectivity, meaning their capacity of influencing significations, of changing the way in which a situation is interpreted and, ultimately, of modifying practices and making a difference in the world.  These questions with regards to representations unfold in a research field, politics in a context of spectacularization, which appeared to us especially rich for studying how they work. Presented as a confusion of genre between entertainment and politics, this phenomenon is also related to the advent of celebrity politics, to personalization and to assessment, to the growing place taken by style in politics, as well as to dramatization, fragmentation and normalization.     More specifically, we have studied those representations in a context of spectacularization based on three corpuses documenting events as different from each other as city amalgamations in Quebec in 2001, the rise of Mario Dumont and the ADQ in 2002 and 2003, and the show Bunker, le cirque broadcasted on Radio-Canada television in the fall of 2002. These corpuses include texts of different formats coming from various sources, such as Acts, editorials, TV dramas and websites. We have conducted an iterative, inductive and cross-corpuses discourse analysis in order to better understand how representations work in a context of spectacularization. This analysis has demonstrated the variety of processes and operations, such as incontestabilization, projection, localization, amplification, reduction and assessment, which modify the meaning and stakes of the events selected. The analysis allowed us to illustrate that processes and operations made by representations define the limits of an object and offer a system of classification.

Keyphrases: City amalgamation, Bunker, le cirque, Mario Dumont, Discourse analysis, Social representations, Operations, Politics, Spectacularization, Personalization, Mario Dumont, Bunker, le cirque
Les relations entre les intervenants et les parents d'adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle en contexte d'hébergement

In the mental retardation field, partnership relationships between parents and caregivers are now a must.  In fact, the advantages of a partnership in the relationships between parents and caregivers no longer need to be validated.  Still, written documents on this subject usually depict a picture of a partnership that is somewhat lacking in the relationships between the caregivers and the parents.  This partnership between caregivers and parents is even more important in foster homes settings as it strongly influences the parents’ involvement in the life of their child with learning disabilities. However, the actual subject of relationships between caregivers and parents of adult children with mental retardation in foster homes settings has been seldom documented.  This thesis required a qualitative research be made to better understand the perception of parents of adult children with mental retardation with respect to their relationship with the caregivers in a foster home setting.  Ten parents were interviewed.  The purpose of this research was to better qualify, according to the parents’ perception, the type of relationships they have with the caregivers and to identify the factors that influence these relationships.  The results showed that most parents are satisfied with their relationships with their adult child’s caregivers.  The description they give of their relationships brings us to conclude that there is in fact a partnership.  From an ecological analysis, we have grouped these factors according to different systems.  The familial systemic model also enabled us to analyze the factors at a deeper level.  Amongst the identified factors, some are more important than others.  First, there is the factor that caregivers recognize the importance of the parents’ contribution.  Then, there is the factor that the parents notice a sense of well-being in their child.  Finally, there is the factor that the parents are able to voice their point of view and their expectations.

Keyphrases: Placement, Relations, Retard mental, Parents, Foster home, Staff, Family, Parents, Mental retardation, Out-come placement, Mental defiency, Relationships, Parternship
L’implication parentale et la préparation scolaire des enfants en maternelle au Québec : la communication entre les enseignants et les parents, la participation parentale à la vie scolaire et la préparation scolaire de l'enfant

A number of studies have linked a child’s school adjustment in kindergarten to his or her future academic success. This early preparation entails a number of factors, including parental involvement in the child’s school life, though there is no consensus on the issue. Our study therefore has two objectives. First, it determines which characteristics of the teacher, family and child are associated with parental involvement. The primary objective is to establish possible links between parental involvement and a child’s school adjustment in kindergarten. Our findings indicate that the teacher’s age and professional experience, the age of the parents, and the mother’s education level are factors associated with parental involvement. In addition, we show that each aspect of a child’s school adjustment in kindergarten (i.e. physical health and well-being, cognitive development, social integration, self-regulation, etc.) is associated with parent-teacher communication and parental involvement in the child’s school. Our study thus makes a valuable contribution to the field of education science, by demonstrating the relationship between parental involvement and a child’s school adjustment.

Keyphrases: Parental involvement, School adjustment, Teacher’s characteristics, Parent’s characteristics, Child’s characteristic