Durée de lʼexposition avec symptômes, séquelles et coûts de lʼasthme professionnel en relation avec le statut psychologique et socioéconomique

The most important factor in the prognosis of occupational asthma (OA) is the length of exposure with symptoms prior to removal from exposure. Impaired quality of life, psychological distress and psychiatric disease are conditions frequently associated with OA. Our goal was to identify factors, including socio-economic status, that can influence the delay in submitting a claim to a medicolegal agency after the onset of asthmatic symptoms, and to confirm that such a delay is associated with a worse respiratory prognosis and higher direct costs. Further, we examined the association between clinical and socio-economic variables and their influence on psychological and cost outcomes in individuals with OA. Next, we wanted to evaluate whether individuals with clinically significant psychological distress (PD) and psychiatric morbidity could be identified by using a quality of life (QOL) measurement instrument. This is a study of individuals who filed claims for compensation for occupational asthma from the Workersʼ Compensation Board of Quebec (the CSST). Data were collected at re-evaluation, approximately two and a half years after diagnosis. Besides collecting clinical markers of asthma, individuals underwent a general socio-demographic and medical history evaluation, a brief psychiatric interview (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders, PRIME-MD) and completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire - AQLQ(S), the St. Georgeʼs Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and the Psychiatric Symptoms Index (PSI). Sixty individuals were included in the study. Being older, having a revenue of >$30,000 Can. (CAD$) and having OA due to high- molecular- weight agents were all positively associated with the number of years of exposure with symptoms before removal from exposure. Individuals with persistent airway hyperresponsiveness at follow-up had a higher number of years with symptoms. Experiencing symptoms in the workplace for less than one year generated lower direct costs. QOL and PD parameters had moderate correlations with clinical markers of OA. Asthma severity, employment and marital status, income and length of employment with the employer showed the strongest associations with QOL and PD. More impaired QOL was associated with higher direct costs for compensation. A cut-off of 5.1 on the AQLQ(S) emotional function subscale had the best discriminative value to distinguish individuals with or without clinically significant psychological distress according to the PSI. We were able to identify socio-economic variables that were associated with a longer interval during which individuals remained symptomatic in the workplace before being removed from exposure. This longer exposure time was associated with worse disease outcomes and higher compensation costs. These findings could prove to be useful in surveillance programs that could be preferentially targeted for these subgroups of individuals. Impaired QOL and PD are frequent among individuals with OA receiving compensation and are associated with clinical markers of OA and socio-economic factors. Further, our findings suggest that the AQLQ(S) questionnaire could be used to identify individuals with potentially clinically significant levels of psychological distress.

Keyphrases: Costs and cost analysis, Diagnosis delay, Economics, Occupational asthma, Psychiatric disorder, Psychological distress, Quality of life, Quebec, Screening, Socioeconomic factors