NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Possibilités d’une théologie évangélique postmoderne et pratiques des Églises évangéliques en contexte québécois

While a growing number of Anglo-Saxons evangelicals theologians define themselves as postmodernists, this Master thesis`s first aim is to understand what this means concretely. We will achieve this through the study one of the main reference books on the matter. We put forward that these postmodern theologians are developing a theology in opposition to the fondationalist theology. They also tend to oppose modernity’s absolute assumptions with postmodernism’s relativism. Yet, they argue in favor of a moderate relativism. This theological turn has concrete implication in regards to ecclesial practice, especially within emergent churches. However, these new trends of thoughts and practices are highly criticized by other evangelical theologians, bent on preserving the absolutes inherited from Cartesians, as well as consolidated ecclesial tradition. This Master’s thesis second aim is thus to study and to resume criticism emanating from these other theologians. Since this research is developed within Quebec’s context, we have also delved into Quebec’s evangelical theologians take on postmodernism. This constitutes the third element of this Master’s thesis. From this literature we chose to resume one article that stemmed from a conference presented at a 2007 Montreal convention on emergent churches. We also conducted interviews to understand the ecclesial practices related to emergent churches in the Quebec context. The first interview has been conducted with a Quebec evangelical theologian who has adopted postmodernism. The second interview has been conducted with a small group of members of an emergent church. To conclude, we make a final analysis of the literature brought to bear in this Master’s thesis, and we make our own contribution in favor of a postmodern evangelical theology and postmodern ecclesial practices in Quebec’s context.

Keyphrases: Postmodernism, Postmodernist Theology, Evangelical Theology, Stanley Grenz, Stanley Grenz, John Franke, John Franke, post-fondationalism, emergent church
Sofia Gubaidulina's violin concerto Offertorium : theology and music in dialogue

This paper explores the musico-theological dialogue through the study of Sofia Gubaidulina's violin concerto, Offertorium. Its aim is to understand how theological belief and worldview have influenced and contributed to Offertorium's composition, and in consequence, how the concerto serves as an  interpretive conductor of theological thought. To support this idea, the intertextual method developed by Heidi Epstein is employed, which aids not only the interdisciplinary approach, but also a theological analysis of a musical work.    Chapter One explores the sources, questions and problematic concerning musico-theological dialogues. It concludes that for studying Offertorium, a balanced approach was in order, one that took into consideration theological reflection as much as musicological research, and that respected the music's theological contributions in its own right.  Chapter Two attempts an analysis of Offertorium and a study of the composer's discourse on matters of theology, religion and spirituality. It is concluded that Gubaidulina's background in Russian Orthodoxy has deeply influenced her worldview and artistic approach. Many Orthodox theological and liturgical themes and symbols are present structurally or thematically in the concerto.   Chapter Three explores the parallels between the composer's ideas and the writings of several contemporary Russian Orthodox theologians. It concludes that while it is improbable that Gubaidulina is familiar with these writers, hers is a worldview that has emerged from the experience of a Russian Orthodox climate which explains the similarities and complementarities between her work and the work of  the discussed authors. Chapter Four evaluates the validity of Offertorium as a means of theological expression, but also as the producer of original theological thought. It concludes that both are possible, rendering Offertorium its own theological ground.  The conclusion of the study is that a musical work such as Offertorium can be a “theological ground”. This entails that theological ideas in this case are communicated through experience (experiencing sound, melody and musical ambiance) and not through traditional means of textbook or sermon. This also insinuates that music can be an equal, albeit entirely different, player in the theological dialogue.

Keyphrases: Sofia Gubaidulina, musico theological dialogue, Orthodox liturgy, interdisciplinary, 20th century Russian Orthodox theology
Évaluation d’une démarche en orthographe grammaticale basée sur l’identification des classes de mots à l’intérieur des approches intégrée et spécifique au 2e cycle du primaire

SUMMARY The students at the elementary level of education demonstrate a great level of difficulty when transferring grammatical concepts taught previously in their French classes. This research wishes to verify if teaching students to identify the classes of words using the inductive method combined with specific approaches or integrated methods would increase the students’ facility to locate determinants, nouns, adjectives and verbs in their own written productions in order to correctly carry out the grammatical agreements.   The data is gathered from six written productions written during several weeks by three groups of students in their second year of cycle two. The results of the experimental groups (one trying out the integrated approach and the other, the specific approach) are compared with those obtained from a control group.   At the end of the experiment, the results were maintained, between the pretest and the post-test, with regards to the identification of the determinants, the nouns and the adjectives for the three groups. However, the results decreased in regards to the identification of the verbs. With regards to the grammatical agreements, all the groups improved their agreements determinant-name. Moreover, the control groups had better results in the agreement of the adjective. Also, only the group trying out the specific approach succeeded in maintaining its results regarding the agreement of the verb, whereas the two other groups obtained weaker results at the end of the experimentation.

Keyphrases: Approche inductive, Didactic of French, Writing, Inductive Approach, Production of texts, Elementary education Teaching
Le sacrement du malheur chez Simone Weil

For Simone Weil, a calamity is “something specific that cannot be reduced to anything else, just as sounds are inconceivable for a deaf-mute.“ It resembles a sacrament, a sacred rite bringing man closer to the divine. Weil’s thinking with regard to the notion of calamity appears nonconformist because it does not limit itself to a single tradition, but finds echoes simultaneously in the Christian religion and the New Testament, in ancient Greek philosophy - mainly Stoicism and Platonism - and in certain eastern texts such as the Bhagavad-Gita and the Tao Te King. By a strange combination of these influences, Weil gives birth to a spiritual method of which one of the fundamental stages is “calamity”, a very fertile ground for opening up and coming to terms with the dialogue between spirituality and contemporaneousness. Because this method can be completely understood only at the boundary between atheism and religious faith, examining its implications allows for questioning the traces of the sacred in Western civilizations. Retracing the stages of its development also allows for  reflecting on the relationship between man and calamity or catastrophy, permitting as well a measured consideration of an epoch when current events often bring to the fore the calamitous fate of others as a reality to be avoided at all costs.

Keyphrases: Weil [Simone], Weil [Simone], Calamity, Suffering, Necessity, Bien [le], Good [the], Attention, Attention, Spirituality, Asceticism, Sacrifice, Sacrifice, God
La notion de détail et ses enjeux (1830-1890)

Over the course of the nineteenth century, the notion of detail became an established theoretical tool in the understanding of visual representations. Conducted through multiple text analyses taking into account the reception of images in specific contexts (a painting exhibition, the opening of a panorama show, the publication of an illustrated literary work), this historical study reveals the prejudices and networks of meaning attached to the notion of detail. Because detail is the product of visual perception, a study of this notion reveals not only the relationship with the visible that existed at the time, but also the nature of links between parts and the whole. Detail was essential in meeting the needs of a time that associated “seeing” with “knowing” and that attempted to find a means of controlling the ever-changing reality through the visible. As such, the attribution of scientific, historical, or documentary value relied on the argument provided by detail. Nonetheless, detail was supposed to confirm the status of the whole from which it was derived, since when these did not match, the detail became a sign of a lie. For this reason, and also because a detailed depiction signified a rigorous observation of the real conveyed through a careful reproduction, details were often imbued with moral connotations that reflected the bourgeois values of the time. However, while details were meant to help know the whole better, their proliferation was also feared, because it increased the risk of interfering with the perception of the whole. In addition, insofar as it is always derived from the specific and from an observation deemed objective, the detail is often perceived as being in conflict with the artistic value of the representation. This issue became crystallized in the debates on the artistic qualities of photography, an art form characterized by a hitherto unparalleled level of detail. In the end, the analysis of this polymorphic argument encapsulating the notion of detail in the nineteenth century reveals the limits of the infatuation of which it was the object. Previously envisioned in its figurative dimension, the detail as it was perceived at the time did not allow the capture of a material substratum, which started to emerge later with the advent of modern painting. Even in its limitations, the notion of detail reveals the principal issues of modernity.

Keyphrases: ekphrasis, detail, nineteenth-century cultural studies, reception studies, ekphrasis
Cosmopolitanism and confrontation : realizing consumer responsibility in a globalized marketplace

This paper explores ways of conceptualizing responsibility in cases where individual agents contribute in marginal ways to a distant collective harm.  To contextualize the discussion, the relationship between consumer acts and the perpetuation of sweatshop labour in the Textiles, Clothing, and Footwear Industry has been focused upon.  A human rights framework is adopted to define the harm that occurs on sweatshop floors and an understanding of connection to the harm has been proposed using the concept of social structure.  Guided by the notion of unstructured collective harms, defined by Christopher Kutz, and in contrast to so called nation-centred approaches to responsibility,  the conclusions here centre on the need to confront individuals with their contributions to distant collective harms as a way of countering the collective action problem that leads to distant collective harms.  Finally, the importance of cosmopolitanism, as a way of stabilizing accounts of responsibility across borders, is emphasized.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Collective responsability, Responsability, Cosmopolitanism
La laïcité en France et au Québec :
les trajets historiques vers les commissions Stasi et Bouchard-Taylor

The author of this thesis examines two cases, Quebec and France, in which similar issues and debates have propelled state commissions about laïcité.  The concept of laïcité, otherwise known as secularism, is the main focus of the Stasi Commission in France and an important one in the Bouchard-Taylor Commission in Quebec.  The concept of laïcité is analysed differently in both commission reports.  The Bouchard-Taylor report puts forward the concept of « laïcité ouverte » (open secularism) which mainly insists on the promotion of freedom of conscience and allows individuals to wear religious objects.  The Stasi Report chooses a firm conception of laïcité which balances freedom of conscience and equality with social order imperatives, putting forward a neutral public space in which public schools should not allow individuals to wear ostensibly visible religious objects.   Key moments like revolutions, the installation of state ideologies and the institutionalization of laïcité in the fields of law and education, help us to understand the historical trajectories that have led to the respective apprehensions of secularism.   Specific national settings are responsible for the differences in the processes of construction of French and Quebec secularisms.

Keyphrases: laïcité, commission Stasi, commission Bouchard-Taylor, histoire, secularism, Bouchard-Taylor commission, Stasi commission, ideology, institutionalization, history, revolution
Relations entre le statut utérin, les paramètres biochimiques du sérum et du liquide de lavage utérin et la production d’embryons chez les vaches laitières après surovulation

The developing embryo is dependent on the nutrients provided by the oviduct and the uterine fluid. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of SOV on uterine bacteriology and cytology, on serum and uterine biochemical parameters and consequently on the number of TE. Non-lactating (n=7) and lactating (n=28) Holstein cows were synchronized for estrus and superovulated respectively and were inseminated twice. Uterine bacteriology and cytology and various uterine and serum biochemical parameters were measured at day 7 of estrus cycle (D7, starting day of the SOV protocol) and at the designated day of embryo recovery (DER). Harvested embryos were evaluated according to IETS’s criteria. Superovulated cows produced an average of 7.39 ± 6.22 ova/embryos of which 3.32 ± 4.81 were TE. There were no significant variations of uterine bacteriology and cytology between D7 and DER within the two groups. Serum urea (P=0.0001), E2 (P=0.006); uterine Glu (P=0.002), Ck (P=0.0007), LDH (P<0.0001), TP (P=0.004), P4 (P=0.008), PGFM (P<0.0001) in group I and serum P4 (P<0.0001), PGFM (P<0.0001); uterine LDH (P=0.002), PGFM (P<0.0001) in group II were significantly higher at DER than at D7. At DER, group I was different to group II’ uterine and serum urea (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001), LDH (P<0.0001 and P=0.008), PGFM (P=0.002 and P=0.009), serum P4 (P=0.0002) and uterine TP (P=0.0003). There was no association between uterine bacteriology and cytology and the number of TE. However, TE was positively correlated with serum IGF-1 at D7 (r=0.45; P=0.001) and P4 at DER (r=0.43; P<0.05) and negatively correlated with both serum and uterine PGFM respectively at D7 (r=-0.54; P<0.005 and r=-0.67; P<0.001) and DER (r=-0.48; P<0.01 and r=-0.57; P<0.002). The present results infer that changes following SOV in both serum and uterine secretion may affect the number of TE.

Keyphrases: Superovulation, Uterine and serum biochemical parameter, Transferable embryo, Holstein dairy cow, Uterine bacteriology and cytology
De la pratique à la théorie : analyse de la traduction de El juguete rabioso de Roberto Arlt par Antoine Berman

“Needless to say my experience of translating constitutes the core of my general relationship with translation. I am a translation studies’ theorist because primarily I am a translator” (Berman…p. 16, my translation). Antoine Berman’s translation theory is rooted in his practice. Even though his name is irreversibly linked to the field of translation studies and his ideas have caused numerous debates, few researchers have studied the relation between his theory and practice. This thesis attempts to fill that gap through an analysis of the French translation of Roberto Arlt’s El juguete rabioso by Isabelle and Antoine Berman. It explores how Antoine Berman’s translation practice and theory feed from each other.  The first chapter recounts the development of Antoine Berman: his work as a translator, his influences, his theory of translation and its impact, as well as the criticism addressed towards it. In chapter 2, we discover Roberto Arlt and his work in order to fully understand the problematic points of its translation. Following Antoine Berman’s method, chapter 3 analyses the only French translation of El juguete rabioso published in 1984. It concentrates on two particular elements of the text: the diverse discursive registers, including the use of Argentine sociolects, and their lexical richness.  In conclusion, the study shows that Le jouet enragé carries the flaws (défectivité) inherent in any introductory translation. Too attached to linguistic conventions, this first version timidly recreates the arrative diversity of the original. Thus, it could be suggested that Antoine Berman’s theories, and more specifically his list of “deforming tendencies”, reflect in part, and, above all, the limits and difficulties that he encountered in the exercise of his practice.

Keyphrases: Antoine Berman, Roberto Arlt, Translation, Translation Studies, Deforming Tendencies
Modèles cellulaires pour étudier les interactions entre Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae et le virus du syndrome reproducteur et respiratoire porcin

The respiratory tract of pigs is often colonized by more than one pathogen during an infection. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are pathogens that can be associated with co-infection.  The objective of this project was to study interactions between A. pleuropneumoniae and PRRSV during mixed infection. The PRRSV-permissive cell lines, St-Jude porcine lung (SJPL) and MARC-145 were used. In the first part, cells were pre-infected with PPRSV followed by an infection with A. pleuropneumoniae. Results obtained with a lactate dehydrogenase test showed that a co-infection resulted in a greater cytotoxicity then the single infections. The adherence of A. pleuropneumoniae to non-infected or PRRSV-infected cells was similar. Based on ELISAs tests, it was found that the cells produced IL-8 and IFN-γ when they were infected, but TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were not detected. In the second part, cells were pre-infected with A. pleuropneumoniae followed by viral infection. The results showed that a pre-infection with A. pleuropneumoniae decreased PRRSV replication in SJPL cells, whereas A. pleuropneumoniae did not impair PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells. Preliminary results indicate that a molecule secreted by A. pleuropneumoniae is the factor impairing PRRSV replication in SJPL cells. The factor is probably a small molecular weight molecule that is heat-resistant. In conclusion, both cell lines allowed the study of A. pleuropneumoniae and PRSSV interactions during a mixed-infection and these models could be adapted to study interactions of other swine pathogens.

Keyphrases: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, MARC-145, SJPL, infection, in vitro, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, MARC-145, SJPL, infection, in vitro, viral replication, mixed-infection, cytoxicity
État de stress post-traumatique comorbide, facteurs de risque et de protection parmi des individus itinérants en traitement pour des troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances

Few studies explored the frequencies of trauma and of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among homeless individuals and especially, among those being treated for substance use disorders (SUD). The main objective of the study was to measure the frequencies of traumas and potential1 PTSD diagnosis among clients being treated for SUD in Montreal. The other objective was to verify differences between those with or without a potential PTSD diagnosis. The sample consisted of 51 homeless individuals, 9 women and 42 men. The mean age was 46 years (SD = 7.19). Participants experienced in average 4.24(SD = 2.06) trauma types. 49% of the sample had a potential PTSD diagnosis. Most participants had: an alcoholic parent, experience an early trauma and little social support. The participants who had a potential PTSD diagnosis: had an alcoholic parent, experienced an early trauma, and significantly used more maladaptive coping strategies.

Keyphrases: Itinérance, Homelessness, Substance use, Trauma, Trauma, PTSD, Parental alcoholism, Early trauma, Social  support, Coping strategies
Intégration et désintégration dans le concept de matériau musical d’Adorno

This thesis will examine integration and disintegration in Adorno’s concept of musical material. Chapter one will analyze the dialectic of the Enlightenment, according to which rationality, through the progressive domination of nature, turns into its opposite, myth. This analysis will serve as the theoretical basis for understanding Adorno’s concept of material. Chapter two will examine the progressive tendency—exemplified in Beethoven’s classical sonata—towards the integration of musical material, understood as a moment in the larger process of social rationalization identified by Max Weber. Chapter three will examine the regressive tendency—exemplified in the works of late Beethoven, Mahler and Berg—toward the disintegration of musical material, a tendency correlative with Enlightenment’s dark side, with social fragmentation and reification. The thesis will conclude by discussing a few criticisms which cast doubt on the validity of understanding musical material on the basis of a philosophy of history which, despite its distances, remains bound to its Hegelian origins.

Keyphrases: philosophy, aesthetics, music, Enlightenment, reification, reification, Beethoven, Beethoven, Mahler, Mahler, Berg, Berg