Parents immigrants et choix de l'école secondaire dans le contexte montréalais : représentations des offres éducatives, motifs, contraintes et stratégies familiales

This thesis examines immigrant parents’ choice of a high school for their children in Montreal. It analyzes how they perceive Montreal’s school market, and examines the logics of action, constraints (real or perceived) and strategies at the heart of their choices. It also aims to shed light on the challenges and specific needs associated with choosing a school in the host country. The analytical framework mobilized conceives choices as the result of the articulation of individual, familial and structural determinants. It also recognizes that immigrant parents evolve within family contexts and social networks and hold various social positions.   Rooted in an interpretative sociology, social actors and the meaning of their choices are placed at the center of the analysis. The analyses are based on data from thirty semi-structured interviews conducted with immigrant parents from Montreal who have at least one child attending a high school. This thesis illustrates that immigrant parents position themselves differently towards Montreal’s school market and have different experiences. These differences are the result of different social positions, values, goals, life trajectories, etc. However, general trends are uncovered in the corpus. Some of these relate to the experience of being an immigrant and/or belonging to a marginalized or racialized group.   First, the majority of respondents have a negative perception of regular programs in the public sector, which leads them to avoid these. This perception is partially influenced by the presence in the public space of an unfavorable discourse regarding these programs. Next, despite different positioning towards Montreal’s school market, the majority choose a high school to ensure the reproduction of their social status or to achieve upward mobility (strategic choices). A sense of urgency surrounds these strategic choices, notably in regard to increasing the chances that the migration project is a success. Immigrant parents belonging to a marginalized or racialized group feel this urgency more strongly due to perceived systemic discrimination in the labour market. Finally, the analysis reveals feelings of disorientation in relation to Quebec’s education system, which respondents attributed to their experience as immigrants. These feelings leave immigrant parents facing specific challenges and needs in terms of choosing a high school in the context of Montreal. Because they are proactive in collecting information about high schools and their programs, most can reduce their feelings of disorientation and unfamiliarity. The possession of a university-level diploma is helpful in this process, as are parents’ local social networks. Nonetheless, the analyses show that immigrant parents are unequally informed, highlighting inequalities in the possibility of choosing a high school. This thesis raises the possible role of the education system in the creation of these inequities.  This thesis contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the dynamics at play in Montreal’s school market, as well as on the effects of the structure of Quebec’s educational system on social inequalities. It also contributes to the advancement of knowledge on immigrants’ relationship to Quebec’s educational system and to Quebec’s society more broadly.

Keyphrases: School markets, School choice, Immigrant parents, Quebec, Canada