NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La contribution de Florimond Ronger, dit Hervé, au développement de l'opérette (1848-1870) : éléments biographiques et mécanismes du comique

Today, the name of “the father of operetta”, Florimond Ronger, who worked under the moniker Hervé (1825-1892), is generally relegated to a footnote in the annals of music history. Yet, if Jules Lemaître's contention that operetta is the only dramatic genre produced by the second half of the nineteenth century is indeed true, one may well ponder how its leading exponent, a composer whose works attained a level of success during his lifetime comparable to that of his most famous rival, Jacques Offenbach (1819-1880), could fall into obscurity.   The purpose of this dissertation is to evaluate the contribution of Hervé to the birth and development of operetta from 1848 to 1870. To do this, this work shall first survey Hervé's life and career to examine the nature of his participation in the development of the genre and the impact of his biography on its trajectory. Next, we shall study his approach toward the comic as it manifests in both the libretti and music of his works. Chapter 1 of the four which comprise this dissertation provides an overview of the biographical data which can be extracted from the three books devoted at least in part to Hervé (Schneider, 1924; Ghesquière and Cariven-Galharret, 1992; and Rouchouse, 1994). Chapter 2 is a distillation of the information gleaned from an examination of the archives which sheds new light on the career of the composer. Among other topics, the delicate and heretofore highly obscure subject of Hervé's trial and conviction for enticement of a minor will be explored. Chapter 3 consists of a general inventory of the comic devices used in the operettas of Hervé between 1848 and 1870 and more specifically a detailed analysis of those found in L’œil crevé (1867), his first ambitious work in three acts wherein is found the synthesis and crystallization of all the composer’s comic devices. Chapter 4 examines the implementation of these same techniques in Le petit Faust (1869), a parody of Gounod’s Faust (1859), which proved to be Hervé's greatest success and probably his masterpiece.

Keyphrases: Hervé, Florimond Ronger, Jacques Offenbach, France, operetta, parody, 19th century
« Autour de la musique narrative » ; « Les musiques de concert, de ballet et de film»

This thesis includes analysis and scores for every work I have composed as part of my Master’s degree, as well as documents necessary for listening and viewing. The detailed analyses essentially concern the work “Sirus-l'étoile double” for symphony orchestra and the work “La légende d’Astre d’Or” for wind orchestra, both of which are about twenty minutes in length and were the result of a commission from amateur orchestras. The rest of the memoir is dedicated to some short concert works and an essential chapter about music for students of 2D and 3D animated short films. The purpose of these analyses concerns not so much the intellectual side of the construction of every subject or motif, but the relationship the music has with a particular story and or image as well as the feelings that ensue from it.

Keyphrases: Concert, Films, Ballets, Narration, Piano, Contemporary, Story, Orchestra, Piano, Recording
José Antonio Gómez’s Ynvitatorio, Himno y 8
Responsorios : historical context and music
analysis of a manuscript ; José Antonio Gómez y Olguín, Ynvitatorio, Himno y 8 Responsorios, orchestral score

This dissertation is a historical and contextual study of José Antonio Gómez y Olguín (1805-1876), a composer of Mexico’s Independent period, and an analysis of his music manuscript, Ynvitatorio, Himno y 8 Responsorios. Gómez’s Ynvitatorio, of over 500 folios, discovered in 2005 at the Archivo Histórico Diocesano of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, is the only extant copy of this monumental work for choir and orchestra brought in 1854 to the diocese of Chiapas from Mexico City by the Bishop Carlos María Colina y Rubio (1813-1879). Gómez, a renowned musician in his own time, a period of political turmoil, worked as an organist, composer and conductor for the Mexico City Cathedral and as a polyvalent musician, teacher, and publisher in the secular world of Mexico City. This dissertation reconsiders the Mexican historiography studies to date which have dismissed the works of Gómez as merely derivative of the Italian operatic tradition. Rather, his compositions, in particular the Ynvitatorio, are considered as complex testimonials to this neglected period of Mexican music history, a time in which tensions between the Church and the State acted directly upon the cultural life in Mexico.

Keyphrases: Chiapas, Nineteenth Century, Independent Mexico, Church, Music, Opera, Chiapas
De la Bretagne au Québec : le succès de Théodore Botrel (1868-1925), chansonnier breton

The Breton cabaret singer Théodore Botrel is known as the father of the propagandist movement of La Bonne Chanson. In the context of Montmartre's culture, the year 1900 sees the creation of this movement during a Congress uniting cabaret artists to discuss the future of their art, scoffed by the tireless torrent of café-concert songs. This fight for “sane” culture is also the one of the Third Republic in the name of morality. It is in this context that Botrel, who makes his debut in the Parisian artistic cabarets, chooses to sing only about Brittany and without bawdy talk.  Therefore, he is part of a trend which embraces the Belle Époque : regionalism. Concerned about protecting the distinctive identity of “small homelands” and in the face of Parisian centralizing power, the regional cultural elite begins greatly promoting regions. Brittany occupies a particular place in this trend as conservatory of traditions and as the main victim of the reforms of Émiles Combes which attack the ferments of its identity : language and religion. This movement finds echo in French Canada where the dominant ideology brandishes the banner of politico-cultural nationalism. Because they defend the idea of the “French vocation” in America and seek to preserve “good customs”, the traditional elite and newspapers welcome Botrels’ visits in Quebec in 1903 and 1922. Patriotic, catholic and conservative, the cabaret singer benefits from the historico-cultural circumstances in Quebec and in Brittany. From Paris to Brittany, then in Canada, Botrel knows an unequalled success.

Keyphrases: Cafés-concerts, Bonne chanson, French song - 20th century, Artistic cabarets, Artistic censorship, Regionalism - Brittany, Regionalism - Quebec
Synthèse et analyse conformationelle de dipeptides contenant l’isostère hydroxyéthylène

In this thesis, I discuss my studies toward the synthesis of substituted homoallylic ketones from the copper-catalyzed cascade addition of substitued vinyl Grignard reagents to carboxylic esters. The homoallylic ketones were used to provide different peptidomimetics containing a hydroxyethylene isostere instead of an amide bond. The methyl ester of phenylalanine and serine derivatives were reacted in copper-catalyzed cascade additions of substitued vinylmagnesium bromide to provide substitued homoallylic ketone intermediates. Selective reduction of the ketone to an alcohol, oxidative cleavage of the double bond, followed by peptide coupling with amino acid lead to the desired peptidomimic. The influence of changing the central amide bond for a hydroxyethylene isostere in a β-turn and the effect of a gem dimethyl group on the backbone conformation adopted by the newly synthesized tripeptides, were studied by X-ray diffraction and solution NMR spectroscopy using NOESY experiments. From these studies, it was revealed that the iso-butyric acid hydroxyethylene isomer induced a β-turn-like conformation, and may serve as a novel scaffold for peptide mimicry.

Keyphrases: Peptidomimetic, Peptide mimic, Conformational analysis, Hydroxyethylene, Isostere, Amino iso-butyric acid, Homoallylic ketone, Copper catalyzed cascade reaction, β,β-dimethylvinyl magnesium bromide, Beta-turn
Couplage entre les régions IIS4-S5 et IIS6 lors de l’activation du canal calcique CaV2.3

Voltage dependent calcium channels share a strong structural homology with voltage gated potassium channels.  Both families present a conserved series of charged residues present in the S4 helix of each domain that most certainly accounts for the voltage sensitivity of these proteins.  Moreover, in both cases, the S6 helices seem to be lining up the pore.  How does the movement of the S4 sensors translate into channel opening remains elusive in Ca2+ channels. Following the publication of the crystal structure of the Kv1.2 channel in 2005, the group of Roderick MacKinnon proposed that the voltage sensor is mechanically coupled to the S6 pore through the amphipathic S4-S5 helix that crosses over the S6 inner helix from the same subunit. To determine if the S4-S5 linker, that runs parallel to the membrane plane inside the cell in the Kv1.2 three-D structure, plays a role in the activation of the CaV2.3 calcium channel, we have studied by double mutant cycle analysis the coupling between the S4-S5 linker and the S6 helix of domain II of this channel.  The activation energies, Gact, obtained from classical two electrode voltage clamp experiments in the presence of auxiliary subunits CaV2 and CaV3 displayed significant activation coupling coefficients for the pairs of residues V593G/L699G, V593G/A700G, V593G/A702G, S595G/V703G L596G/L699G, L596G/A700G, L596G/I701G, L596G/A702G, L596G/V703G, L596G/D704G, M597G/I701G, and S602G/I701G.  None of these pairs displayed significant coupling in the inactivation mechanism, suggesting that the effects observed were specific to activation.  Altogether, our results strongly suggest that the S4-S5 linker and the S6 helix of domain II are actively involved in the activation of CaV2.3.

Keyphrases: Activation, Activation, Calcium, Calcium, Ionic channel, Double mutant cycle analysis, Electrophysiologie
Représentation corticale de la mémoire à court-terme tactile chez l'humain pour une stimulation de la main : étude par magnétoencéphalographie

Brain activity specifically related to the maintenance of information held in tactile short-term memory was investigated, using recordings of magnetic fields from a whole-head magnetometer. This neuronal activity was measured during the retention interval of a tactile memory task. One, two, three, or four locations on distal and intermediate phalanges, out of eight positions, were simultaneously stimulated on the left or right hand in different blocks of trials. The tactile stimulation pattern was held in memory for 1800 ms before being compared with a test pattern that was either the same or different by one location. Our analyses focused on regions in the brain that showed a monotonic increase of the sustained activity levels during the retention interval with an increasing number of stimulated locations in the to-be-remembered pattern. These regions are the most likely to participate in the active retention of the information to be held in tactile sensory memory. The right cingular gyrus (BA 32), the right superior frontal gyrus (BA 8), the left precuneus (BA 7, 19), the left postcentral gyrus (BA 7), the right precentral gyrus (BA 6), the left superior frontal gyrus (BA 6) and the right inferior parietal lobule (BA 40) all appear to be involved in a memory system that maintains tactile sensory input in a short-term memory system specialized for tactile information.

Keyphrases: Tactile short-term memory, Magnetoencephalography
Prévalence et signification fonctionnelle des mouvements périodiques des jambes

Periodic leg movements are short involuntary movements occurring periodically during sleep or wakefulness. They occur in some sleep disorders, but also in healthy subjects not complaining of sleep problems.   The first objective of this thesis was to provide a better description of the prevalence of these movements. In healthy non-complaining subjects, the prevalence of periodic leg movements during sleep increased dramatically from about age 40, whereas the age-related evolution of periodic leg movements during wakefulness followed a U curve. In narcoleptic patients there were more periodic leg movements than in control subjects, but their evolution with age showed the same pattern.   The second objective of this thesis was to study periodic leg movements in relationship with cardiovascular autonomic nervous system. We not only confirmed that periodic leg movements during sleep were associated with a tachycardia followed by a bradycardia in restless legs syndrome patients and in healthy non-complaining subjects, but that these heart rate changes were also present in narcoleptic patients, albeit of a lower amplitude.   Finally, we showed for the first time that periodic leg movements during sleep in restless legs syndrome patients and in healthy non-complaining subjects were also associated with significant and important rises of blood pressure.

Keyphrases: Sleep, Periodic leg movements, Restless legs syndrome, Narcolepsy, Healthy non-complaining subjects, Autonomic nervous system, Heart rate, Blood pressure
Ninjurin-1 est une molécule d'adhérence de la barrière hémato-encéphalique impliquée dans le recrutement de monocytes au sein du système nerveux central

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is characterized by perivascular infiltrations of immune cells and by demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). These two hallmarks of the disease are associated with the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The recruitment of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, the so-called myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs), in the CNS through the BBB is thought to play a crucial role in the initiation and the persistence of the disease. Therefore the identification of the molecular mechanisms involved in the migration of myeloid APCs into the CNS is considered a valid therapeutic option in MS. Nerve injury-induced protein (Ninjurin)-1, a novel adhesion molecule that mediates homophilic binding, was found to be expressed in the vascular endothelium of the BBB following a proteomic screen of human BBB-associated proteins. Ninjurin-1’s expression increases during an inflammatory context in primary cultures of endothelial cells of the BBB (BBB-ECs) and on ex vivo and in vitro generated myeloid APCs. In addition, infiltrating APCs in human MS lesions and in the CNS of the murine model of MS, the mice affected with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), express high levels of Ninjurin-1. Using an experimental model of the BBB, the neutralization of Ninjurin-1 specifically restricts the migration of monocytes across the BBB-ECs without affecting the recruitment of lymphocytes or the permeability of the BBB-ECs. Finally, EAE mice treated with a Ninjurin-1 blocking peptide have reduced disease severity and a reduced infiltration of myeloid APCs in the CNS, as compared to the control group. Our results show that Ninjurin-1 is an adhesion molecule of the BBB involved in the recruitment of myeloid APCs to the CNS and is also a potential therapeutic target to dampen CNS inflammatory processes, as occurs in MS.

Keyphrases: Transmigration, Monocytes, Nerve injury-induced protein (Ninjurin)-1, Multiple sclerosis, Central nervous system, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Blood-brain barrier, Transmigration, Antigen-presenting cells, Monocytes, Dendritic cells, Adhesion molecule, Nerve injury-induced protein (Ninjurin)-1
Une urbanisation de corps et d'esprit : sécurité, civilisation et rendement dans une favela de Rio de Janeiro

This thesis addresses the history, modus operandi and effects of what is currently called in Brazil ‘’integrative urbanization’’, a type of state intervention in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas (slums). It is the most recent attempt to solve the already ancient ‘’problem of the favela’’. Its main aims are technical and legal upgrading: new public infrastructure, consolidation of existing buildings, granting of land rights for dwellers, and enforcement of public regulations. It is officially presented as an asserted way of ending the exclusion that plagued favela-dwellers for the last century.  The analysis is based on an ethnographical account of the PAC-Favelas, a state-funded program launched in 2008 and implemented in the Rocinha favela. It is argued that integrative urbanization constitutes a form of security apparatus, thus aimed at governing the conduct of the favela population. Its main objectives are the formalization of practices, enhancement of resources circulation, alteration of residents’ perceptions, limitation of the favela’s risks and excesses, and planning of future interventions.  Practically speaking, it means for the State to proceed in a legitimated and indirect selection (following technical, legal or economic logics) of the now-acceptable individuals and practices on the urbanized territory. Available space grows scarcer; control is enhanced and living costs skyrocket. While partially profiting the established members of the community, it seems to destabilize newcomers, marginal and less fortunate ones, progressively pressuring them into quitting the favela. To urbanize Rocinha is a way to force its gentrification, in order to make it more secure, civilized and profitable.

Keyphrases: favelas, favelas, urbanization, integration, Brazilian State, security, gentrification
Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi : father and daughter painters in Baroque Italy : réception critique d'un jumelage expositionnel

Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi: Father and Daughter Painters in Baroque Italy took place at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York from 14 February 14 to 12 May 2002. Of all that was written about the event, two main tendencies stand out. While some claim Orazio’s preeminence by basing their assumption on both the exhibition and its catalogue, feminists call into question this assumption by drawing attention to cultural biases that disfavor women’s artistic recognition.     The exhibitional pairing formula constitutes an extension of this phenomenon by allowing the public to make up their own judgement. Among recent episodes of that nature, we can think of Matisse-Picasso. We are also going to study two artists of the same family, to wit, Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi. Relative to the exhibition dedicated to them in 2002, we are going to ask ourselves how Orazio’s dominance defended by the two exhibition organizers is articulated with Artemisa’s celebrity. The critical dossier of the event will serve as the starting point of our analysis.    Considering that every exhibition constitutes a discourse, we are going to examine both popular and academic comments and critiques of the event. Stuart Hall’s reception theory is also going to assist us in determining if these interventions belong to the exhibition curators’ dominant code, the feminist critique’s oppositional code or the negotiated code that represents a blend of the former two positions.

Keyphrases: Artemisia Gentileschi, Stuart Hall, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Exhibition discourse
Déploiement automatique d’une application de routage téléphonique d’une langue source vers une langue cible

Statistical understanding models applied to dialog applications need a lot of training data. Often, an application needs to support more than one language. This is relevant for countries that have more than one official language. In those applications, users queries convey the same meanings but in different languages. This project presents techniques to automatically deploy statistical comprehension models from a source language to a target language. The goal is to reduce the training data needed and the time requiered to deploy an application in a new language. First, an approach using machine translation techniques is presented. Then, an approach that uses a common semantic space to compare both languages has been developed. Those methods are compared to verify their limits and feasibility. This work present an improvement of the translation model using in-domain data and a novel technique for inferring a multilingual semantic space

Keyphrases: Classification, Machine translation, Classification, Semantic domain, Semantic kernel
Le rôle d’une insatisfaction corporelle dans l’adoption de pratiques de maintien et de changement du poids chez des adolescents québécois

The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to better understand the role of body (dis)satisfaction in the adoption of practices directed toward body weight maintenance or body weight modification among Quebec adolescents.  To reach this overall thesis objective, three theoretically and conceptually linked scientific papers were written. Although linked to one another, each paper pursues specific research objectives (1st article: to estimate proportions of adolescents with a weight goal that matched and mismatched weight status, and to identify correlates of a mismatched weight goal, 2nd article: to examine associations between matched vs. mismatched weight goals and the frequency of use of different weight-related behaviors, 3rd article: to examine associations between different levels of body dissatisfaction and different frequencies of use of weight-related behaviors and, to investigate whether or not the person’s weight goal moderates these associations) which allow for answering the main thesis objective. These papers were generated from secondary data analyses on a quantitative dataset built by the Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) and named: Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey. This dataset was based on data collected from a representative population-based sample of Quebec children and adolescents aged nine, 13, and 16 years old.   The results of this thesis indicate that body dissatisfaction is associated with pursuing a mismatched weight goal as well as with the use of healthy, unhealthy, and disordered health behaviors. Associations are also observed between weight goals and weight-related behaviors used to reach weight goals. Indeed, pursuing a mismatched weight goal was found to be associated with the use of unhealthy weight-related behaviors across both sexes. This association is however not significant for the use of healthy and disordered health behaviors. These behaviors were solely predicted by body dissatisfaction. Mediation and moderation effects were also identified. It was found that being body dissatisfied mediated the association between psychological distress among adolescent girls and pursuing a mismatched weight goal. Finally, pursuing a mismatched weight goal was also found to moderate associations between body dissatisfaction and using unhealthy weight-related behaviors among both Quebec adolescent boys and girls.  We conclude that there are various associations between body dissatisfaction and the adoption of practices directed toward body weight maintenance or body weight modification among Quebec adolescents. Body dissatisfaction thus represents a pertinent target for public health intervention in the sense that it can serve as the basis for the elaboration of interventions aimed at promoting healthy body weights and healthy weight management strategies.

Keyphrases: Body dissatisfaction, Weight management strategy, Weight goals, Weight-related behaviors