Le rôle de l’évaluation économique dans la pratique des médecins de famille = The role of economic evaluation in the practice of family physicians

Health economic evaluations are analytic techniques to assess the relative costs and consequences of health services. Their role is to inform the decision-making process. A vast amount of resource allocation decisions are undertaken at the clinical-encounter level; especially in primary care. Since every decision has an opportunity cost, ignoring economic information in family physicians’ practices may have a broad impact on health care efficiency. There is little evidence on the influence of economic evaluation on clinical practice. The objective of the thesis is to understand the role of economic evaluation in family physicians’ practices. Its contributions are presented in four original articles (philosophical, theoretical, methodological, and empirical).   The philosophical article suggests that complexity and reflexivity are two important issues for economic evaluation. Complexity thinking is the philosophical perspective (overarching epistemological approach) underpinning the thesis. This way of thinking focuses attention on explanation and understanding and gives particular emphasis to relations and interactions (interactive causality). This increased emphasis on the context and process of data production highlights the importance of reflexivity in the research process.  The theoretical article develops a new and different conceptualization of the research problem. The originality of the thesis also lay in the research problem being approached from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory. Bourdieu’s approach embraces complexity. Moving away from individualist, rational models of action, it can contribute to a more complete and complex understanding of social phenomena by revealing the structuring effects of social fields on the individual’s dispositions and practices.  The methodological article presents the protocol of a qualitative embedded multiple-case study research. There were two embedded units of analysis: the family physicians (micro-individual level) and the field of family medicine (macro-structural level). Eight case studies were performed with the family physician as the unit of analysis. The sources of data collection for the micro-level were eight life history interviews with family physicians, documents and observational evidence. The sources of data collection for the macro-level were documents, and eight open-ended focused interviews with key informants, from nine medical organizations. The analytic induction approach to data analysis was used.   The empirical article presents all the empirical findings of the thesis. The findings show an increasing integration of economics concepts into the official discourse of family medicine organizations. However, at the level of practice, the economization of this discourse does not seem to be true depictions of reality as the very great majority of the study participants do not embody this discourse. The contributions include a deep understanding of the social processes that influence family physicians’ schemes of perception, thought, appreciation and action with respect to the role of economic evaluation in their practices, and the family physicians’ willingness to contribute to efficient, fair and legitimate resource allocation.

Keyphrases: Health economics, Economic evaluation, Resource allocation, Complexity, Reflexivity, Family physicians (or general practitioners), Physician practice, Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice, Evidence-based medicine, Knowledge translation