NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Écoles catholiques et diversité religieuse en classe : cas du Collège catholique Père Aupiais de Cotonou en République du Bénin

The religious diversity is a reality in the territory of Benin. Christians, Muslims, and traditional religion adepts and members of other spiritualties live together in the public and private area in Benin Republic. This diversity is a reality in all the areas of Benin society as it is present in its private catholic schools. The wish of the diocese of Cotonou to welcome all in its schools without any kind of ethnic, religious or cultural discrimination causes the problem of how to manage the religious diversity and pluralism in its confessional institutions. Sensible to this problematic en context of youth education, the case of Aupiais catholic College retains our attention for its course of religion to the pupils of the first cycle. In its praxeology approach, this reflection observes, analyses and interprets a course of religion given in class of 5e in the secondary catholic college Père Aupiais. This interpretation is based on theoretical referents which are the Magister of the Church, a biblical text, the pedagogic approach of Philippe Meirieu, the dialogale theology of Richard Bergeron and the contribution of private and confessional schools leaders in Quebec. There are the important composites of our intervention in this reflection. The purpose is to make some recommendations for the establishment of a course for a religious and moral teaching in order to live together. The interest of this reflection is to provoke a debate of the management of the diversity and pluralism in catholic school area in Benin Republic.

Keyphrases: Religion, Diversity, Pluralism, Catholic school, Education, Pedagogy, Benin
El humor judío femenino argentino contemporáneo en la narrativa de Alicia Steimberg, Silvia Plager y Ana María Shúa

In the Latin American literary creation of the twentieth century, the fictions of Jewish authors have pursued a secluded trajectory, almost silent, compared to the continent canonical writing. However, around the seventies came a female Jewish literary production that has achieved international fame. This thesis examines the literary specificity of contemporary female Jewish humour around the definition of identity and the role of gender in order to understand the cultural hybridity representation in the literary text. Humour as catharsis of conflicts analyzes the relationship between the self and others, through a judgment of reality to manifest as a concern, responsibility and a critical compromise.      The analysis of the fictions of Alicia Stemberg, Silvia Plager and Ana María Shúa reconfigure the Jewish Diasporas and the meaning of the feminine universe through the importance of the culinary field as well as the influence of Argentine modernity in Jewish tradition. This study analyzes the novels Músicos y relojeros, Como para varenikes and the short histories Risas emociones the cocina judía where Steimberg, Plager and Shúa describe the Jewish history with different humorous intentions.      In the first part of this thesis, various theoretical perspectives that emphasize the psychological, social and psychoanalytic implications of humour in general, minority humour, female humour and Jewish humour are studied. In the following three chapters, we proceed to a reading of the texts mentioned above in order to interpret the concerns of our research from the rules that religion and society impose. Finally, the conclusion discusses the evolution of a vision between black humour, humour as a social critique and humour as a playful game as a search of the hybrid identity through a critique of traditions.

Keyphrases: humor, humour, Argentine, adaptation, humour, Jewish, gender, identity, anti-Semitism, minority, adaptation
L'expression de la protéine de l'hémochromatose HFE est modulée par les lymphocytes T activés et inhibe la présentation antigénique par MHC I

MHC class I antigen presentation is an ubiquitous process by which cells present endogenous proteins to CD8+ T lymphocytes during immune surveillance and response. Accordingly, classical MHC I molecules are up-regulated in response to inflammatory stimuli to favor immune recognition and pathogen clearance. HFE is a non-classical, MHC Ib molecule which acts as a negative regulator of iron absorption. HFE has been linked to the development of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), an iron overload disease often associated to immune defects. Firstly, we studied the impact of HFE expression on MHC I antigen presentation, as a hypothesis for HH-associated immunological defects observed in HFEC282Y-mutated HH patients. Secondly, we evaluated whether, like its classical MHC I counterparts, HFE expression could be modulated in response to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) inflammation.  We developed an antigen presentation system in which we control MHC I expression, HFE expression, and expression of a model antigen for which we have generated antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. Our results demonstrate that wild-type HFE (HFEWT), but not C282Y-mutated HFE (HFEC282Y), inhibits recognition of MHC I antigens. We further demonstrate that inhibition of antigen recognition is maintained regardless of MHC I surface levels, β2-microglobulin competition, HFE ability to interact with transferrin receptor, antigen origin, or epitope affinity. We identified the α1-2 domains of HFEWT as being responsible for inhibiting antigen recognition. However, recognition of externally peptide-pulsed 293-A2 remained uninhibited in presence of HFEWT, indicating that HFE may affect T cell recognition by interfering with intracellular antigen processing.  We also questioned whether activated T lymphocytes may influence HFE expression. We established that HFE is widely expressed in healthy human tissues and induced in colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer and melanoma cell lines. Furthermore, HFE mRNA expression was drastically inhibited in all tumor cell lines when exposed to activated T lymphocytes. Down-regulation of HFE mRNA expression was independent of cell contact and appears to be partially mediated by GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF.  Overall, these data suggest that host T lymphocytes may alter HFE expression levels in the inflammatory microenvironment, which could, in turn, promote recognition of MHC I antigens presented to antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. Accordingly, this could suggest a new physiological role for HFEWT in the MHC I antigen presentation pathway, which could modulate antigen immunogenicity and the cellular immune response.

Keyphrases: HFE, MHC I, Hereditary hemochromatosis, Antigen presentation, Antigen processing
Balkan als poetischer Raum : Peter Handkes Werk im Spiegel der "Morawischen Nacht"

Die morawische Nacht (2008) by Peter Handke marks a turning point in his oeuvre: the writer gives up his political commitment regarding the Balkans with the intent of returning to the poetical realm. Taking up concepts of cultural theory of space, this study examines the narrative means Handke uses to project a new image of the Balkans.       The Austrian author destroys his own myth of the Ninth Country (Die Wiederholung, 1986), a concept he had been defending throughout the 1990s. (Eine winterliche Reise, 1996; Zurüstungen für die Unsterblichkeit, 1997; Die Fahrt im Einbaum, 1999; Unter Tränen fragend, 1999).       Frequent allusions and connotations in Die morawische Nacht refer to his previous works, mentioned-above. The meaning and the purpose of the new Balkan-image can only be understood within these intertextual references. The old structural and textual elements, used in a refined and playful way, take on new functions, and Handke’s poetics, still based on the so-called “Zwischenräume” (in-between spaces), reveals all its power.        Even though the Balkans are losing their absolute character, they continue to serve as a means of criticizing the modern globalized society. While Handke is leaving behind his desire to seek absolute value in the outside world, the “Realm of Narration” proves to be the only possible world where peace and harmony can be created.

Keyphrases: Peter Handke, Austrian Literature, Space, Balkans, Balkan
Synthesis and properties of d6 metal complexes of bidentate and tridentate ‘super donor’ ligands

The versatility of C-N cross coupling reactions has been explored for the synthesis of two novel classes of ligands : (i) neutral bidentate N^N ligands and (ii) neutral tridentate N^N^N ligands. Both classes of ligands contain saturated aromatic N-heterocycles coupled with the unsaturated hexahydropyrimidopyrimidine (hpp) unit. The ligands form six-membered chelate rings upon coordination to a Ru(II) center. This fact is advantageous to improve the photophysical properties of Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes. Ru(II) complexes of bidentate ligands can act as red-emitters. The red-emission is dependent on the relative basicity of the N-heterocycles. While these complexes are electrochemically and photophysically appealing, the problem of stereopurity can not be avoided. Careful ligand design affords bis-bidentate ligand that is useful to overcome the problem of stereopurity. Due to the speciality of this bis-bidentate ligand, its diruthenium(II,II) complex exhibits high diastereoselectivity without any chiral separation. While the hpp unit acts as a nucleophile in the mechanism of C-N cross coupling reaction, it can also act as a leaving group when activated as a monoruthenium complex. Achiral Ru(II) complexes of the tridentate ligands display improved photophysical properties over the prototype complex [Ru(tpy)2]2+ (tpy = 2,2’:6’,2’’-terpyridine). Introduction of two hpp units in the tridentate ligands renders the Ru(II) complex into a ‘black absorber’ and a ‘NIR emitter’ (NIR = Near Infra-Red). This fact is a consequence of better octahedral geometry around the Ru(II) ion and strong sigma-donation from the hpp units. The blue-emitting Re(I) complexes of the tridentate ligands also exhibit interesting redox behavior. The metal-based quasi-reversible oxidation is controlled by the sigma-donation from the hpp moieties, while the ligand-based reduction is governed by the electronic nature of the central N-heterocycle of the same ligand moiety. This thesis also incorporates self-assembly of metal-chromophores as ‘metallo-ligands’ to form discrete supramolecular species using neutral metal-complexes. The syntheses and properties of the aforesaid metal-chromophores and the supramolecules are discussed.

Keyphrases: Metal-chromophore, Sigma-donation, Charge transfer, C-N coupling, Electrochemistry, Photophysics, X-ray crystallography, Density Functional Theory, Stereopurity, Blue/Red/NIR emitter, Donation-sigma, Transfert de charge, Couplage C-N
Reconstruction active par projection de lumière non structurée

This thesis deals with active 3D reconstruction from camera-projector systems. Standard reconstruction methods use coded light patterns that come with their strengths and weaknesses. We introduce unstructured light patterns that feature several improvements compared to the current state of the art. The research presented revolves around three main axes : robustness, precision and comparison of existing unstructured light patterns to existing methods. Unstructured light patterns stand out first and foremost by their robustness to interreflections and depth discontinuities. They are specifically designed to homogenize the indirect lighting generated by their projection on hard to scan surfaces. The downside of these patterns is that matching projected and captured images is not straightforward anymore. A probabilistic correspondence method is formulated to solve this problem efficiently. Another important aspect of reconstruction obtained with unstructured light pat- terns is their ability to recover subpixel correspondences, that is with a precision finer than the pixel level. We present a method to produce long codes using unstructured light. These codes enable us to extract more precise correspondences while requiring less patterns. This contribution makes our method one of the most accurate - yet robust to standard challenges - method of active reconstruction in the domain. Finally, the last part of this thesis adresses the comparison of existing reconstruction methods on several aspects, but mainly on the impact of using less and less patterns on the quality of the reconstruction. While some methods need a fixed number of images, some, like ours, can accommodate fewer patterns in exchange for some quality loss. We devise a simple method to capture an optimal correspondence map that can be used as a groundtruth for comparison purposes. Last, we present several hybrid methods that perform quite well even with few images.

Keyphrases: Vision 3D, Lumière structurée, 3D Vision, Computer vision, Active reconstruction, Coded light, Structured light, Unstructured light, Projector, Camera
Modèles d'atmosphères hors-ETL avec métaux : applications aux étoiles sous-naines chaudes

With the availability of CALYS, a cluster of computers dedicated to stellar modeling for our group, we can now compute large grids of line-blanketed non local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model atmospheres. The computation of such models is very time consuming but essential in order to analyze properly the spectra of hot subdwarf O stars (sdO). The work done for this thesis made use of these state-of-the-art model atmospheres to perform spectroscopic analyses of hot subdwarf stars in various contexts.   The main part of this thesis is about Bd+28 4211, a very hot sdO star. The optical spectrum of this star suffers from the so-called Balmer line problem. That means the observed lines cannot be simultaneously matched with a unique model spectrum. The first part of our study is dedicated to the analysis of the UV spectra of Bd+28 4211 in order to determine the chemical composition of its atmosphere. We also constrain its effective temperature and surface gravity. In the second part of the study, we use the abundances determined with the UV spectra to build a grid of model atmospheres especially suited for the star. We next use that grid to perform spectroscopic fits of three high sensitivity optical spectra of Bd+28 4211. We find that these models do not allow for a good reproduction of the optical lines of the star, a failure compounded by the fact that the derived effective temperature resulting from our fitting procedure is around 10,000 K cooler than expected. However, when increasing the metal abundances to ten times their solar values we can achieve a very good fit of the observed spectra and, at the same time, obtaining fundamental parameters consistent with those indicated by the UV spectrum. We then made a spectroscopic study of Feige 48, a very important pulsating hot subdwarf B star. We are able to reproduce very well its optical spectrum, including a lot of weak metallic lines. The fundamental parameters we get for the star are coherent with what is found in the literature, even if those analysis were made with much less sophisticated types of atmospheres. This implies that NLTE effects coupled to metal line blanketing are not very important in the atmosphere of this particular star. The parameters determined for Feige 48 are thus very reliable and should be useful to constrain a future quantitative seismic analysis of the star.  At last, we analyze the spectra of 38 hot subdwarfs in the globular cluster omega Centauri in order to determine, besides their effective temperature and surface gravity, their helium and carbon abundances. We find that there is a positive correlation between the abundances of these two elements. We also notice a significant difference between the helium rich stars of the cluster versus those in the field. Our results raise important questions about the formation scenario usually invoked to explain the existence of helium rich subdwarfs.

Keyphrases: Hot subdwarf stars, Atmosphere, Fundamental parameters, Spectroscopy, Abundances, Globular cluster : omega Centauri
Influence de la fibrose hépatique sur le développement du carcinome hépatocellulaire

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a dreadful pathology, often diagnosed too late to be cured. In 80-90% of cases, it arises in the context of liver cirrhosis. Little is known on the implication of liver fibrosis, one of the key elements of cirrhosis, and its major constituent, type I collagen (COL1), on the development of HCC. We first studied the development of fibrosis in a nude mouse model. We determined that, after 16 weeks of thioacetamide administration in drinking water, we obtained a sufficient degree of fibrosis to reach a hepatoprotective state when animals were exposed to different hepatotoxic agents (Serum AST of fibrotic vs non-fibrotic mice : Anti-Fas JO2 (4665 ± 2596 vs. 13953 ± 2260 U/L; P<0.05), acetaminophen (292 ± 66 vs. 4087 ± 2205 U/L; P<0.01) et CCL4 (888 ± 268 vs. 15673 ± 2782 U/L; P<0.001)). This confirmed that COL1 and the presence of fibrosis protects normal hepatocytes as observed previously in our laboratory. Next, we selected in vivo, by intrasplenic injection of the murine HCC cell line Hepa1-6, a highly tumorigenic cell line that we named dt-Hepa1-6 (28±12 lesions vs. 0±0 lesions at 21 days). This cell line was constituted of cell subsets expressing EpCAM protein at their surface (34.0±0.1%). Through cell sorting, we demonstrated that these cells were partially responsible for the enhanced tumorigenicity observed (EpCAM + (86.7±2.3%) :1093±74 lesions vs. EpCAM- (15.3±1.0%) :473±100 lesions; P<0.01). We then showed that the presence of liver fibrosis increases the development of dt-Hepa1-6 cell line in vivo (604±242 vs 22±9 lesions; P<0.05). Moreover, fibrosis reduced the anti-neoplastic efficacy of cisplatinum in vivo (44.5±4.9 vs. 78.7±6.9%; P<0.01) confirming in vitro results (Apototic index : COL1 13.75±0.44% vs. plastic 31.45±1.37%; P<0.001). In conclusion, fibrosis and its major constituent, COL1, favor the survival and progression of HCC.

Keyphrases: MAPK, EpCAM, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Type I collagen, Liver fibrosis, Hepatoprotection, Cancer stem cell, Chemotherapy resistance
Régulation de l'hepcidine et le rôle de la lipocaline 2 dans l'homéostasie du fer / Novel insights into the regulation of hepcidin and the role of lipocalin 2 in iron homeostasis

Iron, a transition metal, is required for survival by almost all living organisms due to its ability to accept or donate electrons and thus to catalyze many fundamental biochemical reactions. However, the same properties also allow ionic iron to accelerate the formation of free radicals and as such iron has the potential for deleterious effects. Consequently, iron homeostasis must be tightly regulated at both cellular and systemic levels. Our studies focused on two important molecules in the regulation of iron metabolism, namely, lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and hepcidin. Lcn2, an acute phase protein, is involved in iron trafficking via siderophores. Lcn2 has emerged as a candidate iron-transporter that may be responsible for excessive non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) accumulation in the liver of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) patients. We generated HfeLcn2 double-deficient mice to evaluate the importance of Lcn2 in the pathogenesis of hepatic iron loading in Hfe knockout mice. Our studies revealed that deletion of Lcn2 in Hfe-knockout mice does not influence hepatic iron accumulation in Hfe-/- mice, or their response to iron loading, as the phenotype of HfeLcn2-/- mice remained indistinguishable from that of Hfe-/- mice. Our data imply that Lcn2 is not essential for iron delivery to hepatocytes in HH. Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism, is a small antimicrobial peptide produced by the liver that regulates intestinal iron absorption and iron recycling by macrophages. Hepcidin expression is induced by iron-loading and inflammation while, conversely, being inhibited by anemia and hypoxia. Under certain pathologic situations, hepcidin is regulated in opposite directions by more than one regulator. We further investigated how different factors influence hepcidin expression in vivo using mouse models of altered iron metabolism. We examined hepcidin regulation in the presence of opposing stimuli as well as the contributions of mediators and downstream signaling pathways of hepcidin expression. We show that erythropoiesis drive, when stimulated by erythropoietin but not by hypoxia, down-regulates hepcidin in a dose-dependent manner, even in the presence of lipopolysaccharide or dietary iron-loading, which may act additively. Moreover, erythropoietic drive inhibited both the inflammatory and iron-sensing pathways, at least in part, via the suppression of IL-6/STAT3 and BMP/SMAD4 signaling in vivo. Altogether, our data suggest that hepcidin expression levels in the presence of opposing signaling are determined by the strength of the individual stimuli rather than by an absolute hierarchy. These findings are pertinent for the treatment of the anemia of chronic disease and iron-loading disorders.

Keyphrases: iron, immune system, hepcidin, lipocalin 2, BMP, SMAD, STAT3, Fer
C’est ma collection mais c’est bien plus que ça : analyse des processus de collecte et de l’évolution des images dans les collections de pornographie juvénile

This thesis analyzes the practices and actions of consumers of child pornography. We suggest that three aspects characterize the child pornography collector’s world: sexual preference, the pornographic offering in an immaterial world and virtual sociability. To put this theory to the test, the hard drives of 40 persons convicted of child pornography offences were studied. Computer forensic techniques were used to recreate the events surrounding the collection of images by these persons. In addition, a sample of pictures owned by these individuals was categorized by age and by the actions portrayed in the images (n = 61244).  Aside from sharing many common characteristics with popular items collectors, the results show the importance of sexual preference in the perception and strategies of the collector, the omnipresence of images of adult pornography in the collections and virtual sociability as a measure of efficiency in content discovery. Moreover, once four different groups were created based on the progression of the severity of images over time, it was observed that the group in which there was an exacerbation in both the age and the severity of the acts was the largest group: 37.5 % of all subjects. The results of this study suggest the relevance to use computer forensic in criminology studies.

Keyphrases: collection, child pornography, collection, severity