NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La relation entre l’importance accordée à la réussite scolaire par les parents et l’engagement scolaire des élèves d’origine haïtienne au primaire : l’effet modérateur de la relation maître-élève

School disengagement is a major social problem in Quebec. Some students present important difficulties to follow instructions, participate in class, and to invest time and energy in school work, which may undermine their academic success, lead to failure, and even to school dropout. Given the important role played by parents and teachers on student engagement and academic success, the present study aimed to determine how the relationships Haitian immigrant students’ share with their teacher across the school year moderates the link between parental value of academic success and these students’ behavioral engagement. Data were collected among 211 third to fifth grade Haitian immigrant students enrolled in five disadvantaged and multiethnic schools in Montreal, as well as among their teachers. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions analysis were performed. Results confirm that the student-teacher relationship moderates the association between parental value of academic success and students’ behavioral engagement. More precisely, the link between parental value of academic success and Haitian students’ engagement was more important for students who shared less warm relationships with their teacher. Avenues for intervention and for future research are presented in light of these results.

Keyphrases: Parental value of academic success, Students’ behavioral engagement, Haitian immigrant students, Student-teacher relationships, Parent-child relationships
Analyse de la traduction d’un texte multimodal : la bande dessinée : le cas de Mujeres alteradas

The present research deals with the translation of comics. This topic, long time neglected by translation scholars, has started to attract researchers from the 80s. The research on the subject, however, has focused mainly in the linguistic aspect of comics. This paper, on the other hand, deals with comics as multimodal texts. It is thus at the cross-roads of both Translation Studies and Multimodality as defined by Gunther Kress and Theo Van Leeuwen (2001). The aim of this research is to apply a tool which allows to describe the different modes contained in the text. This tool, created for this research, is based on Hatim and Mason’s (1990, 1997) Three Dimensions of Context : Communicative Transaction, Pragmatic Action and Semiotic Interaction. This paper studies the French translation of Mujeres alteradas, an Argentinian comics created by Maitena Burundarena and published in France as Les déjantées.

Keyphrases: Maitena, Mujeres alteradas, Translation studies, Comics, Hatim & Mason, Multimodality, Les déjantées
Priv-C : une politique de confidentialité personnalisable

Privacy policies define the way online services collect, use and share users’ data. Although they are the main channel through which users are informed about the use of their private data, privacy policies are generally ignored by them. This is due to their long and vague content, their difficult vocabulary and their no standard format. Privacy policies also confront users to a dilemma. Indeed, they must agree to all their content in order to use the service or reject it, and in this case they do not have access to the service. No other alternative is given to the user. Online services process data collected from users to provide them a service, but they also exploit those data for economic purposes (targeted advertising, resale, etc.). According to various studies, allowing users to benefit from the use of their data could restore their trust towards online services and facilitate data exchanges on the Internet. In this work, we propose a new model of privacy policy, inspired by the P3P (a World Wide Web Consortium - W3C Recommendation) but increasing its functionalities and reducing its complexity. This model defines a specific structure allowing users and online services to define their preferences and needs. Users have the opportunity to decide for each of their private data, specifying how it will be used and shared. A negotiation phase will allow a needs analysis of the online service and preferences of the user to establish a confidentiality agreement. The value of personal data is also an important aspect of our study. While companies have resources allowing them to rate this value, we apply in this thesis, a hierarchical multi-criteria method. This method will allow each user to give value to his personal data according to the importance he attaches to it. In this model, we also integrate a regulation authority. It is in charge of conducting negotiations between users and online services, and generate recommendations to users based on their profile and current trends.

Keyphrases: Options, Privacy Policy, Options, Negotiation, Economics of privacy, Economic incentives
Modes et approches du cinéma documentaire : réflexion autour du projet American Utopias

This research-creation project explores the theories of Bill Nichols, in particular his typology of documentary modes, from a creator’s perspective. Our intention is to revisit the creative process of American Utopias, a documentary on alternative communities in United States of America, by linking some of the key creative choices of the filmmaker to Nichols’ work. Furthermore, our objective is to help defining the strengths and weaknesses of each mode described by the theoretician with concrete examples derived from movies analysis and direct experience. Created in 2014-15, American Utopias aims to show how different people have conceived and created original, ecofriendly and sustainable homes. It focuses on a three months journey made by the director through the USA to visit ecovillages, earthships, tiny house communities, the Burning Man Festival and other creative and unique places. On a philosophical and human point of view, it also reflects on the notion of utopia.

Keyphrases: film, documentary, creation, poietic, filmmaking
De episcopis Hispaniarum : agents of continuity in the long fifth century

In Anno Domini 408, Spain, despite its peninsular location at the ends of Europe, was part of a pan-Mediterranean culture which spread from Portugal to Syria. Christianity had been adopted a mere 28 years prior and the Catholic Church was growing across the Roman world. The following year, Spain entered on a course of irreversible transformation as pagan Germanic speaking 'barbarians' crossed the Pyrenees bringing war and strife to the Hispano-Romans and establishing new kingdoms where the Roman state had once governed. In the turmoil of the fifth century, Catholic bishops laboured to assert their dominance over their communities and over the hearts of their flock. In light of advances in archaeology and quality critical editions of the literary sources, the time has come to identify the traits of the Iberian bishops with attention to regional variation. This thesis characterises the bishops of Spain and Portugal and demonstrates the challenges they faced as intermediaries between natives and newcomers, as proselytizers of pagans, persecutors of heretics and retainers of romanitas at the end of the Antique world.

Keyphrases: Hispania, Bishops, Fifth-century, Spain, Late-Antiquity, Hispania, Religious accommodation, Christianity
L'Inventaire des risques et des besoins liés aux facteurs criminogènes (IRBC) : évaluation des propriétés métriques de l'instrument

The Inventaire des risques et des besoins liés aux facteurs criminogènes (IRBC) is a test used since the early 1990s to assess young offenders’s risk of recidivism in Quebec. It is the product of a collaboration between Quebec and Ontario which occurred in the context of research work on instruments used to evaluate young offenders’s risk of recidivism. The IRBC is the only instrument specifically designed to assess the risk of recidivism of young offenders in Quebec and has never been subject of a predictive validity study. The aim of this master project is to test the predictive validity of the IRBC. ROC curves analysis and survival analysis were used to test the metric properties of the instrument. The results suggest that overall the IRBC is capable of predicting recidivism acceptably. Four of the eight domains associated with criminal recidivism, commonly called BIG FOUR, would be moderate predictors of recidivism when tested with data from the IRBC. These are Antécédents, Pairs, Personnalité-Comportements, and Attitudes-Tendances. However, aspects related to the fidelity of the instrument show irregularities in the assessment process, which questioned the rigor maintained daily by professionals. Aspects related to the fidelity of the IRBC would remain to be investigated.

Keyphrases: Young offenders, Predictive validity, Risk assessment, ROC curves, Survival analyses
La genèse de The Souls of Black Folk : le chapitre initial 
de la vie intellectuelle de W. E. B. Du Bois, 1885-1903

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois published The Souls of Black Folk in 1903. Du Bois pursued three different goals when he wrote his masterpiece. First, he argued that Booker T. Washington’s strategy of trading political rights for economic opportunities was not the best way to improve the condition of African Americans. Second, Du Bois highlighted the accomplishments and distinctive abilities of his people in order to undermine the pretended biological and moral superiority of Whites that often justified the pushback against equal rights for all. Third, Du Bois wished to inspire Americans to become better citizens by compelling his fellow countrymen to embrace the Founding Fathers’ ideals and higher moral standards. The writing of The Souls of Black Folk marks an important shift in Du Bois’ intellectual life because he recants the accommodationist rhetoric of his youth during this period. Some of the ideas introduced in The Souls of Black Folk can be traced back to the influence of Alexander Crummell and of Du Bois’ teachers at the University of Berlin. However, it is Du Bois’s field work in the black community of Philadelphia that made him realize both the degree of the inequalities faced by African Americans and the fact that hard work and enthusiasm are not enough to overcome such significant disparities.

Keyphrases: William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk, Booker T. Washington, African Americans, United States
L'Empereur Claude et l'Égypte entre un prince passif et un dirigeant pro civitate

Claudius was a Roman Emperor between 41 and 54 AD who succeeded his nephew Caligula. While ancient literary sources testify the weakness in the spirit of an emperor led by his freedmen and wives, epigraphic and papyrological documents highlight an emperor eager to render justice whose pragmatic-oriented decisions earned him the nickname of Emperor of citizens. However, if this unusual character has spilled much ink, specialists will rarely linger in the province of Egypt under his reign, while the latter is experiencing significant Judaeo Alexandrian conflicts that the famous Letter to the Alexandrians has brought to light. By reading it, we learn not only about the conflict in question, but also about Alexandrian citizenship, the imperial cult as well as a direct testimony of a personal political commitment to Egypt.  The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter will examine multiculturalism traits in Egypt under Roman rule. The second chapter will scrutinize the crisis opposing the Greeks and the Jews of Alexandria, which was the trigger for a personal political commitment of Claudius. The third chapter will analyse whether the Letter is indeed the initiative of Claudius by searching amongst other evidences from the rest of the Empire to better assess its passive or active character. Finally, the fourth chapter will address the topic of the imperial cult in Egypt in the quest for legitimacy and acceptance of the emperor by his Egyptian subjects.

Keyphrases: Flaccus, Ambassade, Acta Alexandrinorum, Letter of the Emperor Claudius to the Alexandrians, Claudius, Roman Egypt, Provincials, Jews, Imperial cult, Freedmen, Ambassy
Modélisation de répartition d’espèces aviaires et de feux en forêt boréale du Québec dans un contexte de changement climatique

Climate is getting more important in the study of broad-scale spatial phenomena. Experts agree on the fact that climate change will likely be one of the main drivers of ecological change in the upcoming decade and that its consequences are inevitable. These chances induce consequence on the physical aspects, by ice caps melting, permafrost thawing, slope and soil instability in mountainous permafrost areas and increase of intensity, severity and frequency of extreme weather events such as wildland fires. Moreover, climate chance also causes impacts on the biological aspects, with modification in the growing season, increase in exotic invasive species, and changes in spatial distribution of butterfly and bird species. Two of these aspects are covered in this study: 1) changes in the spatial distribution of 39 bird species and 2) modifications in spatial patterns of wildland fires, in the boreal forest of Quebec, up to year 2100. A statistical modelling approach showed that the spatial distribution of boreal birds is strongly linked to bioclimatic variables (53%). These results enables the bioclimatic modelling of two bird species, the evening grosbeak and black-capped chickadee. In both cases, the model shows an increase of the northernmost limit of distribution of each species following the rate of climate change. Finally, a spatially-explicit cellular automata model showed that climate change will likely induce an increase in wildfire frequency and total area burned for the boreal forest of Quebec.

Keyphrases: Ecology, Multivariate analysis, Biogeography, Quebec, Climate change, Wildfires, Cellular automata, modelling, Complex systems, Boreal forest
Analyse géographique des investissements internationaux de la China National Petroleum Corporation

This thesis proposes an analysis of the international expansion of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and of the impacts of this expansion on China’s energy security. In this research, a country’s energy supply is considered secure when sufficient resources needed to meet its energy demands are present, available and accessible while the supply of energy services remains affordable and reliable. The analysis is done in four sections. The first section focuses on the various stages of the restructuring of the Chinese oil industry since 1949. This subject is studied through an analysis of both the changes in the management methods of the Chinese national oil companies and the evolution of their relationship with the Chinese government. The second section deals with the diversification and the evolution of CNPC’s specializations. These are studied through an analysis of the percentage of the company’s assets in each sector of the oil industry (downstream, midstream, and upstream), which are obtained through its annual reports. The third section looks at the geographical distribution of the company’s overseas operations. This is done through an in-depth analysis of nearly 150 investments, acquisitions, and contracts made abroad by CNPC between 1992 and 2014. Finally, the fourth section focuses on the impacts of the overseas investments of the company on China’s energy security. These impacts are examined by measuring CNPC’s overseas production and comparing the total per country to the oil and gas flows going from these countries to China. This thesis allows us to determine that by engaging in international activities, CNPC aims above all to satisfy its economic interests. It is mostly the investments it made for the construction of transportation infrastructure (oil and gas pipelines or liquefied natural gas terminals) that directly benefits to China’s energy security. The company’s investments in other sectors do sometimes bring some benefits to the country’s energy security, but their contribution is much less systematic and depends largely on the period during which they were made.

Keyphrases: Energy security, Chinese national oil corporations, International investments, Business intelligence
TRANSHUMANCES, suivi de I ended up being my own trout (jeux de fragments avec Éric Plamondon)

This M.A thesis combines research and creative writing to focus on the tension between searching for and creating one’s identity, both acts which can only be achieved through the (re)interpretation of the past.   The novel TRANSHUMANCES tells the story of Alice’s pilgrimage on the via Podiensis, which connects Puy-en-Velay, France, to Santiago de Compostela, Spain. There, she walks. She walks to forget, to bury her dead, to move forward, to be elsewhere. Through conversation and contemplation she tries to fight her gnawing anxiety. She walks to harness the power of the mythical and mystical road: the road that leads the believer to a meeting with God, the godless to a meeting with himself. Alice meets John. They exchange jokes and secrets, share meals and tears, become blister brothers and return home, changed.  The essay I ended up being my own trout (jeux de fragments avec Éric Plamondon) explores fragmentary writing, with particular attention to the effects of the fragment on the act of reading. Éric Plamondon, with his trilogy 1984, playfully uses the fragmentary form to encourage the reader to doubt his certainties and to guide him towards a manipulated version of history. The reader is thus confronted with a plurality of interpretations and must acknowledge his position as the author of his own reading.

Keyphrases: Éric Plamondon, Jeu, Creative Writing, Identity, Éric Plamondon, Fragmentary Writing, Numeric Litterature, Game
La souffrance féminine chez Huysmans, Bloy, Bernanos et Mauriac : catholicisme et maladie mentale

Silence and submission to the prevailing patriarchal ideology : this is how one can describe the female condition at the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century in France. No matter whether they come from the working class, the middle class or the aristocracy, women are destined for motherhood and their wishes are overlooked. Nevertheless, in literature one can notice several tragic female figures who rebel against their condition. Louise Marles, Véronique Cheminot, Mouchette and Thérèse Desqueyroux – and so many others… – are young women who reject more or less violently the fact that they are under the tutelage of men and the fact that they cannot obtain an acceptable social status outside of marriage. However, it is precisely because these female characters crave for freedom that they are doomed to madness and death or become criminals and/or suicidal women. According to us, these women are said to be mad because they challenge convention and reject patriarchal values. We think that madness is the literary tool used by these writers to show the brutality of their existential suffering. In other words, we believe that madness is the external representation of their overwhelming moral suffering. Finally, demonic possession is another reason given by Bernanos to explain women’s madness. Our study deals with four tragic female figures imagined by four Catholic writers : Louise in En rade (Huysmans, 1887), Véronique in Le Désespéré (Bloy, 1887), Mouchette in Sous le Soleil de Satan (Bernanos, 1926) and Thérèse in Thérèse Desqueyroux (Mauriac, 1927).

Keyphrases: XIXe siècle-XXe siècle, French literature, Nineteenth-century-Twentieth-century literature, Women, Madness, Catholicism
Une littérature du décloisonnement : la construction de la figure de l'écrivain et du littéraire dans Comment faire l'amour avec un Nègre sans se fatiguer et Cette grenade dans la main du jeune Nègre est-elle une arme ou un fruit? de Dany Laferrière

Dany Laferrière, recently admitted to the prestigious Académie française, has produced a considerable work in the past thirty years. Two of his first novels, Comment faire l'amour avec un Nègre sans se fatiguer and Cette grenade dans la main du jeune Nègre est-elle une arme ou un fruit? are characterised by a rich and varied intertextuality. The thread of the narrative of these two novels is built by fragments. In the first text, a fictional writer is working on a novel titled Paradis du dragueur nègre. In the second novel, we find the same writer, but he travels through the United States in order to write a report on America. In both cases, we find staged writing by a fictional writer who has many similarities to Laferrière himself. The reader witnesses the construction of the story he is reading through an original « autobiographical novel ». In fact, there are many resemblances, even correspondences, between the two stories. Both Laferrière's novel themes, style and genre, are part of a « genealogy » of texts that can be grouped into literary « families ». We will then try, in the following research, to define and understand the role of theses « families » and illustrate how the appropriation of these texts allows the author to be inspired and to question these texts from the past. We will therefore study the intertextual references of these literary « families » in the first two chapters of our research and then study more specifically the construction of the figure of the writer and his literary space through these two novels. KEY WORDS : Dany Laferrière ; intertextuality ; autofiction ; contemporary novel ; Quebec literature.

Keyphrases: Dany Laferrière, Autofiction, Intertextuality, Contemporary novel, Quebec literature
Diviser par zéro : art poétique et lecteur anticipé dans l’œuvre chantée de Plume Latraverse

The object of this master’s dissertation is the musical work of Michel Latraverse, also known as Plume. By identifying the anticipated listener of this singer-songwriter’s songs, we will define his aesthetic project.  We will first note how Latraverse, when defining himself as an artist, relies on a certain hybridity. His influences are diverse and varied, and thus allow him to explore different musical styles and topics. His writings explore beauty within every day life’s simplicity and commonness. However, by putting forth an exclusion reflex from which no one is safe, Latraverse also tends to expose life’s ugliness.  We will then show, using reader-response criticism theories, how Latraverse draws from both popular and learned cultures and thus, in spite of his exclusion reflex, allows readers of sometimes very different proficiency to reconcile.   All this will allow us to conclude that Plume Latraverse systematically belittles man in order to bring him back to his most humble physical and corporal expression. He thus creates a community of the lowly where each find their place and where exclusion is no longer possible.

Keyphrases: Plume Latraverse, Quebec song, reading, popular culture, hybridity, community of the lowly