NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Éclaircissement de l’association entre la relation enseignant-élève, le partenariat mère-enfant, et l’adaptation scolaire auprès d’une clientèle à risque

Abstract  The association underlying mother-child and teacher-child relationships and cognitive skills, behavioral skills, and social skills has received substantial attention in the current literature. Despite this effort, more needs to be known about the processes that play a role in these relations. The goal of the current research is to clarify the association between teacher-student relationships, maternal scaffolding, and school readiness with a population of at-risk 5-year-old children, born of a teenage mother. Three possible association models were tested (moderation, mediation, and unique contributions) using a sample from a prospective longitudinal project comprising 30 mother-child dyads (N = 30). The partnership quality of mother-child scaffolding was measured in under laboratory conditions, when children were 4-years-old, using co-constructed narratives. The quality of teacher-child relationships was measured using the student teacher relationship scale when children were age 5. Finally, school adjustment (dependent variable) including numeration skills and behavioral dimensions (internalizing behaviors, externalizing and social competence) were evaluated respectively with an abridged Canadian version Number Knowledge Test and the psychosocial profil. A series of regression analyses (with and without control variables) were conducted to test the three models. Our results suggest any significant relationships or intermediate processes were explained by counfounding variables.

Keyphrases: Mother-child relationship, Teacher-Child relationship, School adjustment, Children of adolescent mothers, Preschool, Moderator model, mediator model, additive model
La réponse inflammatoire à l’exercice chez les patients atteints de fibrose kystique et sa modulation par la réadaptation

It is well recognized that inflammation plays a major role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease and its progression. Little is known about the impact of exercise on the inflammatory cascade. Therefore we conducted a prospective non-controlled non-randomized pilot study in ten patients with clinically stable CF to better understand airway and systemic inflammatory response to exercise and its modulation after a 4 week rehabilitation programme. We found that the basal inflammation is high in CF and that it is up-modulated by an acute exercise. After the rehabilitation programme, airway inflammation was down-regulated, as was the stress-induced airway inflammatory response to exercise. As for systemic inflammation, our results showed that metalloproteinase 8 and 9 increased over time and IL-8, while MCP-1 and CRP decreased over time. The CQFR questionnaire showed that these changes were consistent with a better physical condition. In conclusion, we think that exercise is safe and vital in FK. It helps to down-regulate the basal airway inflammation and probably the systemic one.

Keyphrases: Inflammation, Expectorat, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP1, Cystic fibrosis, Inflammation, Physical exercise
«Oroonoko» d'Aphra Behn en traduction française (1745-2009)

This project offers an analysis of the French (re)translations of Aphra Behn’s novel Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave (1688). The first woman to make a living from her writing, Behn presented one of the first formulations of abolitionist discourse in English literature and challenged common preconceptions of slavery in the 17th century with Oroonoko. This text was first translated into French by translator Pierre-Antoine de La Place (Behn, 1745), whose interpretation is reminiscent of 16th-century France’s belles infidèles. La Place’s version was tremendously popular until the end of the 18th century, as evidenced by the many new editions published between 1745 and 1799. In 1990, Bernard Dhuicq published a retranslation with the aim of introducing Behn to 20th-century French readers. In 2008, he also signed a republication of La Place’s translation, and one of his own 1990 translation. Guillaume Villeneuve, the third French translator of Oroonoko, adapted the text to today’s French readers with a critical edition that included a vast scholarly apparatus and which was published in Flammarion’s popular “GF” collection. La Place, Dhuicq and Villeneuve’s translations all vary from the original, and reflect the translation and editorial practices of their time, as well as the aims of their respective translations. This project thus studies the variations in the translations in the French translation of Oroonoko in relation to the translation practices at the time in which they were written. This project also provides clarifications on research methodologies that will be of use for case studies in retranslation and translation history. Indeed, the study of retranslation goes beyond the objectives defined by the retranslation hypothesis, which states that texts are often retranslated to be corrected or improved. In this study, it is shown that through studying the paratext, peritext, translations, translators and editors of particular works within their distinct historical contexts, it is possible to create an intercultural and “transhistorical” (Nouss, 2007) dialogue between them. Ultimately, this study demonstrates how Behn’s story has contributed to changing Western conceptions of slavery in French literary and philosophical culture from the 18th century until today.

Keyphrases: Aphra Behn, Oroonoko or the Royal Slave, Translation history, Retranslation, Abolitionism
Approbation, mise en marché et surveillance après mise en marché des dispositifs médicaux à risque élevé : examen des enjeux socio-éthiques

Socio-ethical and regulatory issues about drug development have received substantial coverage in the scientific literature over the years; this has not been the case of medical devices (MD). This latter sector comprises a vast array of products with a multitude of applications: diagnostics, treatment, symptom management for severe physical and psychiatric conditions, restoring physical functioning, surgery, etc. There is a mistaken view that MD are regulated in the same manner as pharmaceutical drugs, whether this be requirements regarding premarket assessment or post-market surveillance. Not only has the extensive use of MD in clinical practice and the resulting impact on healthcare expenditures raised concerns in the scientific and medical communities, but so too have the many recalls for high risk devices in recent years. Regulatory authorities have been challenged to exercise greater vigilance in both the premarket assessment and post-market surveillance of new high risk MD. A more rigorous evaluation strategy for new MD would permit better monitoring of the risks associated with their use, better understanding of the significance of the various socio-ethical issues arising from the use of MD, and thus preserve public confidence. From the outset, it should be noted that national authorities do not have a mandate to assess the significance of socio-ethical issues or the costs associated with the MD that are the subject of an application for marketing approval. This assessment is based primarily on risk-benefit analysis reports generated following the use of MD for a given indication. Evaluation of socioethical impact and cost-benefit analysis are the remit of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) agencies. But research shows that the MD are not only infrequently assessed by HTA agencies, but the consideration of socio-ethical issues is often incomplete; the recommendations of HTA reports are based mostly on a calculation of cost-benefit. However, the high risk MD sector is particularly problematic; many carry risks not only for patients, but their extended use has significant impact on healthcare systems. I argue that Principlism, associated to biomedical ethics, as much to research ethics and clinical ethics, could be adapted to facilitate the recognition and evaluation by HTA agencies of socio-ethical issues involved in high risk MD. The Precautionary Principle could also serve as a tool to help regulatory agencies to enforce understanding, recognition, analysis and management of the risks associated with the use of MD, especially high risk devices. Principlism and the Precautionary Principle could serve as benchmarks to 1) define necessary steps to eliminate gaps observed in the regulatory process, and 2) better understand and document the socio-ethical issues specific to high risk MD.

Keyphrases: medical device, regulation, health technology assessment, risk assessment, risk management, biomedical ethics, research ethics, clinical ethics, Principlism, Precautionary Principle
Représentation et identité collective dans la collaboration interorganisationnelle :
le cas de la Table québécoise de la sécurité routière

Successfully dealing with organizational problems and challenges, regardless of sector, increasingly involves inter-organizational collaboration. Collective governance is involved the whole of the collective’s capacity to intervene and make decisions far exceeds that of any one organization. In this vein, this research contributes to a better understanding of the collaboration processes and the interactions among the actors participating in multi-stakeholder inter-organizational collaborative initiatives. More specifically, this study deals with the issue of actor networks and road safety governance in Quebec. We focused on the work of the Table québécoise de la sécurité routière (TQSR) in order to explore the ongoing issues of representation and communication with regard to public policy. This research looks at the role of actors’ identities and their interactions in the negotiation and decision-making processes as well as the multiple communication issues inherent to this sort of collective work. We also demonstrate that inter-organizational collaborative success rests on the actors’ capacities to build a collective identity, despite divergent and sometimes even opposing interests. This thesis thus improves our understanding of the mechanisms and processes that lie at the root of inter-organizational collaborations as collaborative governance practices increasingly common in modern public management. This study also advances our understanding of how organizations construct and maintain themselves via communication in its multiple modalities.

Keyphrases: Sécurité routière, Inter-organizational collaboration, Collaborative governance, Organizational communication, Negotiation, Enacting roles, Consensus building, Collective identity, Road safety
Problèmes respiratoires et exposition aux émissions d’industries au Saguenay

Most studies performed to date that assessed the respiratory effects of short term exposure to air pollutants have been performed in urban environments. Air pollutant mixtures in urban environments may differ than those originating from industrial settings. The first objective of this thesis was a literature revue of all studies published to date on the respiratory effects of exposure to industrial emissions in children. Studies published to date usually report, that exposure to industrial emissions of air pollutants are associated with respiratory effects. In these studies, effects of short-term exposure have rarely been studied. The second objective of this thesis was to estimate the association between daily exposure to emissions of atmospheric pollution coming from an industrial complex (with two smelters and an alumina refining plant) in Saguenay, Quebec, and hospitalizations for respiratory problems in children aged 0 to 4 years living near nearby (<7.5 km) with an epidemiologic case-crossover design. The percentage of hours when the residence of the children was downwind from the industrial complex and the daily average and peak concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM2.5), measured from January 1st 2001 to December 31th 2010, were used to estimate the exposure of children. Conditional logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations with odds ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals. Hospitalizations for asthma and bronchiolitis in young children living near the aluminum/industrial complex increased with the daily exposure, estimated by the percentage of hours downwind. Results from this thesis suggest that exposure to industrial emissions of air pollutants is associated with respiratory effects in children.

Keyphrases: epidemiology, short-term exposure, industrial environment, children, respiratory problem, asthma
L’effet de la familiarité sur l’identification des locuteurs : pour un perfectionnement de la parade vocale

The present study deals with the effects of familiarity on speaker identification in the context of voice line-ups. The voice line-up is a paralegal technique, inspired by a visual identification procedure. The voice line-up consists in presenting a number of voices sharing similar acoustic parameters as specified in established procedures. The main objective was to determine if the familiarity of a voice could lead to a high rate of correct identification (> 99 %). Our study is the first to quantify the familiarity criterion linking an identifier and a « target voice ». The quantification was based on four parameters bearing on the degree of contact between individuals: recency, frenquency, duration, and the period during which the contact occurred. Three different voice line-ups were elaborated, each containing 10 voices, including one target voice which was well known by the identifier according to a questionnaire that served to quantify familiarity. Participants (identifiers, n = 44) were selected on the basis of their familiarity with the target voice. The speakers used in the voice line-ups were native speakers of Quebec French and all presented voices had similar fundamental frequencies (to within one semitone). In each line-up we used utterances of 4 different lengths (1, 4, 10, and 18 syll.). The results show that by controlling the familiarity criterion, a correct identification rate of a 100 % is obtained with an exact error probability of p < 1 x 10-12.These rates are superior to current automatic systems of voice identification.

Keyphrases: forensic, familiarity, nasality, utterance length, legal, voice identification, speaker identification, voice line-up
La transformation des enquêtes policières due à l’influence des technologies : perspective d’une unité policière spécialisée en analyse judiciaire informatique

The popularity of information and communication technologies resulted in an increase of the digital evidence found during police investigation. Police organizations must innovate in order to analyze, manage and benefit from those digital evidences. Accordingly, they formed highly specialised units dedicated to technological crime and computer forensic. This study uses innovation theories to determine how technology and technological crime trends influence crime investigations and police organizations. This research aims to increase knowledge of these specialized units by quantifying and qualifying their daily work. With the assistance of a Canadian computer forensic police unit, a detailed analysis of all requests for assistance directed to their service was performed. Results indicate an increase of digital evidence with the prevalence of certain types of crime and electronic devices. Factors influencing the backlog are underlined as well as strategies elaborated to effectively manage the caseload. Finally, interviews were conducted with members of the team to highlight the challenges and issues related to the implementation and operation of such unit. The main concerns raised by the unit’s members were the technological and legal environments, staff training, resource management and organizational priorities.

Keyphrases: Innovation, Computer forensic analysis, Technological crime, Special police unit, Digital evidence
Utilisation de l’habitat et pressions anthropiques sur une population de rorquals à bosse (Megaptera novaeangliae) de Guadeloupe par suivi terrestre

The Agoa sanctuary, a marine protected area (MPO) covering the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the French Caribbean, was created in 2010 to protect marine mammals and their habitats. It is known that the Caribbean islands are used from December to May by humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) as a reproductive area. However, sparse information exists on the abundance, the behaviour, the distribution and the anthropogenic pressures on this species in the Caribbean and even less in the sanctuary. This thesis focuses on increasing scientific knowledge about this species’ use of a part of the Agoa Sanctuary and their interactions with human users of the MPO. Such knowledge may inform stakeholders’ (institutional and individual) decision-making towards implementation of appropriate conservation measures.  A land-based survey of more than 300 hours, in 2012 and 2013, was carried out to determine the habitat use of, and anthropogenic pressures on, a population of humpback whales frequenting the surrounding water of the Pointe-des-Châteaux peninsula in Guadeloupe. This is the first land-based survey of this species in the French West Indies and one of the first in the Caribbean. The study area of approximately 264 square kilometres is one of the most visited areas by this species in the Guadeloupe archipelago. Using a theodolite, 107 trajectories (i.e. groups of whales) were recorded, representing 137.8 hours and 699 surfacings.   Results show that the abundance was higher in March and April with a peak in the first week of April. The high proportion of calves in this population, mainly in March, suggest that the study zone is a nursing area. Overall movement patterns are not random and may possibly be dictated by the bathymetry. Furthermore, trajectories seem to converge close to the Pointe-des-Châteaux. The average movement is slow and oriented in the same direction as the dominant current to the west of the Pointe-des-Châteaux (i.e. ENE), except for mother and calf groups that swim faster in the opposite direction (i.e. WNW). Even if the anthropogenic pressure may be consided as moderate, a high proportion of surfacing is located in some of the main maritime traffic corridors. In addition, the shuttle corridor between Saint-Francois and Désirade island has the greatest relative risk of fatal collision.   A reduced speed for the shuttle corridor would lower significantly the collision risk. These findings may lead to more extensive studies to better understand the ecology of this fascinating species.

Keyphrases: Distribution, French West Indies marine protected area (Guadeloupe), North Atlantic humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), Land-based survey with theodolite, Habitat use, Anthropogenic pressures, Abundance, Nursing area, Distribution, Behaviour, Collisions
A point-prevalence survey of antimicrobial utilisation within New Brunswick hospitals to focus antimicrobial stewardship efforts and decrease low-value care

Introduction: Low-value practices should be stopped as they lead to waste and possible harm. Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) aims at optimizing antimicrobial prescribing and should be tailored to local needs. Objectives: To assess current patterns of antimicrobial utilisation and identify targets for AS interventions. Methods: A point prevalence survey was completed in 21 hospitals in New Brunswick, Canada. All admitted patients at the time of the survey and receiving at least one systemic antimicrobial were included. Main outcome measures included patterns and appropriateness of utilisation, and duration of surgical prophylaxis. Descriptive statistics and Chi-squared test of independence were used to analyse data. Results: The survey was completed between June and August 2012. Of 2244 eligible patients, 529 (23.6%) were on antimicrobials. A total of 691 antimicrobials were prescribed, 587 (85%) for treatment, 104 (15%) for prophylaxis. Within the treatment group (n=587) the most frequently prescribed classes were fluoroquinolones (25.6%), extended-spectrum penicillins (10.2%) and metronidazole (8.5%). The most common treatment indications were pneumonia (30%), gastrointestinal infections (16%), and skin and soft tissue infections (14%). Based on predefined criteria 23% (n=134) of the treatment orders were inappropriate and 20% (n=120) had no documented indication. Areas of inappropriateness included not switched from IV-to-PO (n=34, 6%), inappropriate dose (n=30, 5%), treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (n=24, 4%) and inappropriate duplication (n=22, 4%); 33% (n=27) of surgical prophylaxis orders exceeded 24 hours. Conclusions: The findings support AS efforts focused on established AS interventions, improved documentation, optimised fluoroquinolone use, and minimized length of surgical prophylaxis.

Keyphrases: antimicrobial stewardship, point prevalence survey, antimicrobial utilization, appropriateness of utilization, low-value care
L’association entre le niveau de sécurité alimentaire des Premières Nations du Manitoba et leurs apports nutritionnels

Food insecurity (FI) rates in First Nations of Canada are much higher as compared to Canada’s general population.  FI is generally related to lower quality diets, however, few studies have evaluated this in First Nations on-reserve.  The goal of this study was to identify, using data from 550 individuals, whether nutrient intakes were related to food security status in Manitoba First Nation adults (>18 years old) on-reserve.  Furthermore, the types of foods that could be responsible for the statistically significant differences were identified.   In men, none of the significant differences between food security levels could have had an effect on either group’s nutritional health given that these nutrients are not considered « at risk » in the population.  As for women, intakes were significantly different between food security groups for a few nutrients at risk in the population.  For women 19 to 30 years of age, intakes of vitamin A, folate and calcium were significantly higher in those with FI status.  On the other hand, intakes of vitamins A and B6 and potassium were significantly lower in FI 31-50 year old women, and intakes of vitamin B6 were lower in FI 51-70 year old women.  Only intakes of vitamin B6 in 31-50 and 51-70 year old women remained significant in the analysis where nutrient intakes are adjusted for energy intakes.  Foods that are potentially responsible for these significant differences were identified.  In conclusion, few nutrients at risk were significantly associated with food security status in Manitoba First Nations. This is particularly true if statistics are adjusted for the multiple comparisons problem (Bonferroni correction).

Keyphrases: Food Security, Food insecurity, Autochtones, Aboriginals, First Nations, Food intake, Nutrient intake, Body Mass Index, Manitoba, Canada, Adults