Influence combinée des facteurs psychobiologiques environnementaux et des troubles du sommeil sur la cognition des jeunes adultes

The cognitive performance is mainly improved during the delicate phase of development which is located between early childhood and adolescence. When the sleep has a sufficient duration and a good quality, which allows human brain to recover from physical activities, a consolidation of the daily training and the cognitive functions happens easily. A regular sleep protects the individual against the effects of the socioenvironmental risk factors, against the mental and mood disorders. The current literature showed that the nervous system is mainly influenced by his interactions with environment, since the birth until forty. These interactions are linked to the probability of developing neurodegenerative diseases and associated diseases like the sleep disorders. The prevalence is similar for healthy subjects and people having personal and family history of neurological disorders. The common symptoms are attention impairment, vigilance, memory impairment in the short or medium term, and finally mood disorders (anxiety and depression). A change or an imbalance in plasticity and cerebral maturity increases the risk of cognitive failure and influences the development of psychiatric outcomes at an unknown rate in the young adults (from 18 to 40 years) population. Until now, no final therapy exists for most of sleep disorders, but the prevention and the promotion of a good lifestyle are important because the mental disease is not simple to heal; when it is already diagnosed. Many other risk factors like the cerebral cardiovascular diseases or stroke are known for their impact on the cognitive performance, the mental disorders and the associated diseases. But a precise relation between the combination of the environmental factors and sleep disorders, and effect on cognition; was not really studied. The aim of this research is to study the effects of the combined influence of the environmental psychological factors and the sleep disorders on the cognition of the young adults. The principal assumptions are that 1) the environment interacts with the sleep disorders on the cognitive decline and 2) Mood disorders and sleep disorders influences evolution of the cognitive impairment. The study was made through the University of Montreal, with a questionnaire carried out between October 2015 and December 2016. The results show a combined influence of medical history and sleep disorders, on evolution of cognitive impairment. A stressing environment combined with a family history of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, increases the occurrence of cognitive disorders. Lack of sleep and the poor quality of sleep rising from this combination of psychological and environmental factors; induce a negative score on the scale of Mac Nair and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. These results are similar for men and women, and highlighted the presence of cognitive failure in addition of anxiety and depression, in the young adult population. Thus, the mood disorder seems to be a result of the combined effect of psychological and environmental factors on the individual; and this effect is correlated with the increase in the sleep disorders.

Keyphrases: Mental health profile of Etindele (MHPE), Sleep disorders, Anxiety, Depression, socioeconomic status, Environmental stress, Psychological stress