NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Conflits intergénérationnels au sein de familles immigrantes: L'expérience d'une approche de médiation familiale et interculturelle dans un contexte de protection de la jeunesse

This essay talks about issues between parents and teenagers from immigrant families. It is a summary of the expertise acquired during an internship at a Montreal Youth Centre. For the purpose of this study, a family and intercultural mediation approach was chosen.

Keyphrases: Intergenerational conflicts, Family mediation, Child welfare, Médiation interculturelle, Intercultural mediation, Service social aux immigrants, Social work with immigrants, Intergenerational relations, Immigration
Complexes pinceurs de cobalt et de nickel : synthèse, caratérisation, réactivité

A large variety of new POCOP pincer type complexes of cobalt and nickel have been prepared. All those complexes are based on the following POCOP pincer type ligand: 2,6-(i-Pr2PO)2C6H4 In the case of cobalt, a new synthetic pathway has been developped. Unlike nickel, complexes containing cobalt in the +III oxidation state are obtained, the mechanism of their formation remains unknown. These complexes are paramagnetic. The dibromo derivative is light-sensitive, decomposing by losing a bromine to form the Co(II) pincer complex. The reactivity of those complexes has been studied. Concerning nickel, the catalyzed hydroamination has been extended to the derivates of acrylonitrile, crotonitrile and methacrylonitrile and to aromatic amines. Moreover, hydroaryloxylation reaction has been studied under the same conditions. Finally, amidines formation was obtained with 4-cyanostyrene and with cinnamonitrile. A pincer complex bearing this amidine moiety has been isolated. The cationic complex reacts with strong coordinating anions like cyanide and isocyanate. Moreover, the triflate anion is displaced by water, acrylonitrile and acrylonitrile derivates. Finally, a particular reactivity has been observed with morpholine, acetone and a 1:1 mixture of aniline and triethylamine.

Keyphrases: Pincer complexes, Cobalt, Cobalt, Nickel, Nickel, Catalysis, Coordination, Coordination, Hydroamination, Hydroamination, Hydroalcoxylation, Hydroalkoxylation, Amidine, Amidine, Acrylonitrile, Acrylonitrile, X-ray diffraction, RMN, NMR, GC-MS, GC-MS
Le bailli d’Amiens comme relais de l’autorité royale dans le Nord de la France au temps de Philippe VI (1328-1350)

The bailiff of Amiens, under Philip VI (1328-1350), frequently intervened in the principalities of northern France that are the counties of Artois, Ponthieu and Flanders. The extent of its jurisdiction, and its strategic location made him a sentinel of the central government and a staunch advocate of the king’s rights. Sometimes acting too zealously, thereby entering into conflict with urban jurisdictions, and stately church, this royal officer was an important link between citizens of his district and the royal authority of the acts and letters which he had to ensure transmission and execution. For its part, the king's court seemed to endorse the work of the bailiff, intervening only rarely in response to the excesses committed by the latter and confirming the main awards of the Bailiff considered on appeal.

Keyphrases: bailliage, Amiens, XIVe siècle, bailiff, bailiwick, Philip VI, extent of jurisdiction, fourteenth century
Leader politique, prise de décision et maladie mentale : une étude exploratoire

In this thesis, an attempt is made to understand how political science studies the subject that is the leader, decision-making and mental illness. To do so, we explore the field’s literature and that of similar domains. This brings us to conclude that the subject is not truly studied in political science and when it is, it could be better. Other academic fields have studied the subject in interesting ways. This leads us to call upon political science to inspire itself by these other fields (particularly psychology) and seriously study the subject that is the leader, decision-making and mental illness.

Keyphrases: Leader, Political science, Leader, Decision-making, Mental illness, Rationality, Psychology
La transmission de la langue maternelle aux enfants : le cas des couples linguistiquement exogames du Québec

The number of unions where both partners do not share the same mother tongue has grown substantially over the last decades in Quebec. Given that children born to these unions live in a multilingual family setting, the purpose of this research is to study the mother tongue transmitted to these children.  Using the 2006 Canadian census long-form questionnaire, we first conducted various descriptive analyses. These were intended to identify the mother tongue transmitted to children born to mixed-language unions, to ascertain whether children inherit either their mother or father's mother tongue, and to determine if a language shift occurs before the age of 18 years old, in other words whether their mother tongue differs from the principal language they use at home. In addition, through logistic regressions, we examined the contextual, ethnocultural and socioeconomic determinants explaining the choice of the language transmitted to children.  The results show the predominance of the two official Canadian languages in mixed-language families, at the expense of non-official languages. Furthermore, the choice of the mother tongue transmitted is mainly conditioned by the place of residence, the parent's migration path and the children's birthplace.

Keyphrases: mixed-language couples, mother tongue, language spoken at home, language shift, children, Quebec, logistic regression, 2006 Canadian census
Implication de la voie ERK3/4-MK5 dans la phase G2/M du cycle cellulaire

The process of cell division is largely influenced by extracellular and intracellular cues. Many enzymatic pathways refined during evolution propagate the information generated by those cues. MAP kinase modules are extremely important within the cells. Human genome encodes 14 MAP kinases genes grouped into seven distinct pathways involved in the control of many cellular processes. ERK3/4 are kinases homologous to ERK1/2. Very little is known about their regulation and molecular functions. These MAP kinases are described as being atypical based on their unique structural characteristics and mode of regulation. Our laboratory was the first to demonstrate that the activity of ERK3 is mainly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in proliferating cells. In addition, several lines of evidence suggest a role for ERK3 in the control of cell differentiation and proliferation. The first study presented herein documents the regulation of ERK3 during the cell cycle. We observed that ERK3 is hyperphosphorylated and accumulated specifically during mitosis. Mass spectrometry analyses led to the identification of four phosphorylation sites located in the C-terminal domain. We demonstrate that mitotic kinase CDK1/cyclin B phosphorylates these sites which are dephosphorylated by Cdc14A and Cdc14B phosphatases. Finally, we show that mitotic phosphorylation of ERK3 controls its stability. At the beginning of my Ph.D. training, the kinase MK5 was the first identified binding partner and substrate of ERK3. MK5 is implicated in very few cellular functions. Data suggest that under certain conditions it modulates cell cycle progression. For example, MK5 was recently identified as a tumor suppressor gene essential for ras-induced senescence. In the second study of this thesis, we describe a novel function of MK5 in cell cycle progression. Gain and loss of function experiments demonstrate that MK5 delays G2/M transition following replicative stress. This function depends on its catalytic activity to indirectly regulates CDK1/cyclin B. Finally, we identified Cdc25A as a good in vitro substrate for MK5. Interestingly, Cdc25A expression inhibits MK5-induced delay of entry into mitosis. In conclusion, our results described a novel mechanism of regulation of ERK3 during mitosis and a novel function of MK5 in the control of G2/M transition after replicative stress. These data demonstrate for the first time the relation between these kinases and the G2/M transition. Our work should contribute to a better understanding of the roles of ERK3/4-MK5 kinases.

Keyphrases: Phosphorylation, Phosphorylation, MAP Kinases, MAP Kinases, Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Cyclin-dependant Kinases, Stability, Phosphatases, Phosphatases, Replicative stress, ERK3, ERK3, MK5, MK5
Désambiguisation de sens par modèles de contextes et son application à la Recherche d’Information

It is known that the ambiguity present in natural language has a negative effect on Information Retrieval (IR) systems effectiveness. However, up to now, the efforts made to integrate Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) techniques in IR systems have not been successful. Past studies end up with either poor or unconvincing results. Furthermore, investigations based on the addition of artificial ambiguity shows that a very high disambiguation accuracy would be needed in order to observe gains. This thesis has for objective to develop efficient and effective approaches for WSD, using co-occurrence statistics in order to build context models. Such models could then be used in order to do a word sense discrimination between a query and documents of a collection.  In this two-part thesis, we will start by investigating the principle of strength of relation between a word and the words present in its context, proposing an approach to learn a function mapping word distance to count weights. This method is based on the idea that context models made from random samples of word in context should be similar. Experiments in English and Japanese shows that the strength of relation roughly follows a negative power law. The weights resulting from the experiments are then used in the construction of Naïve Bayes WSD systems. Evaluations of these systems in English with the Semeval-2007 English Lexical Sample (ELS), and then in Japanese with the Semeval-2010 Japanese WSD (JWSD) tasks shows that the systems have state-of-the-art accuracy even though they are much lighter and don't rely on linguistic tools or resources.   The second part of this thesis aims to adapt the new methods to IR applications. Such applications put heavy constraints on performance and available resources. We thus propose the use of corpus-based latent context models based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The models are combined with the query likelihood Language Model (LM) approach for IR. Evaluating the systems on three collections from the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC), we observe average proportional improvement in the range of 12% in MAP and 23% in GMAP. We then observe that the gains are mostly made on hard queries, augmenting the robustness of the results. To our knowledge, these experiments are the first positive application of WSD techniques on standard IR tasks.

Keyphrases: Computer Science, Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval, Context models, Word Sense Disambiguation, Word context, TAL, NLP, RI, IR, DS, WSD
Affective word priming in the left and right visual fields in young and older individuals

While the right hemisphere and valence hypotheses have long been used to explain the results of research on emotional nonverbal and verbal stimuli processing, the literature on emotional word processing is highly inconsistent with both hypotheses, but appear to converge with the time course hypothesis. The time course hypothesis holds that in the processing of some parts of the semantic system the time course of activation is slower in the right hemisphere compared to the left hemisphere. The goal of this thesis was to find insight into the ways in which words with emotional words are processed in the cerebral hemispheres in young and older individuals. To this end, the first study investigated the time course hypothesis looking at the activation pattern of emotional words in the left and right hemispheres, using the priming paradigm and an evaluation task. Consistent with the time course hypothesis, the results in males revealed an early and later priming in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. The results for females, however, were consistent with the valence hypothesis, since positive and negative words were optimally primed in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. As females are considered more emotional than males, their results may be due to the nature of the task, which required an explicit decision concerning the target. The second study looked at the possibility that the preservation with age of the ability to process emotional words would follow the compensatory role of bilateral activation in high performing older individuals known as the HAROLD phenomenon (Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in OLDer adults). Comparing the pattern of emotional word priming in a group of equally high performing older and younger, it was shown that while priming occurred unilaterally in young participants, the pattern of priming in older participants appeared to be bilateral. The occurrence of priming in older adults occurred with a tiny delay, though, that may be due to an increase in sensory thresholds that causes older adults to need more time to encode stimuli and start activation through the semantic network. Thus, the bilateral pattern of priming and the equivalent level of performance in older adults provide behavioral evidence supporting the compensatory role of the HAROLD phenomenon.

Keyphrases: Emotional words, Cerebral hemispheres, Time course hypothesis, HAROLD phenomenon, Priming paradigm
Circulation symbolique des désordres fonctionnels gastro-intestinaux : étude réalisée dans les familles québécoises francophones

This study in medical anthropology is an exploration of the sociocultural dimension of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) considering the experience of six frenchspeaking families of Québec where a pre-teenager suffers from symptoms associated with FGID. The anthropological perspective that allowed us to approach these experiences of pain is based mainly on work from tanscultural psychiatry, as well as on the influences of the anthropology of the body and phenomenology. Through this view, somatization is considered to be a form of communication of distress, modulated in an important way by sociocultural context and reflecting social suffering. This language punctuated with idioms of distress and metaphors allows individuals to express their suffering and to mobilize an efficient social support. From then on, the body must be seen as a lived body; as a place of social marking, but also as an instrument of social positioning and a border where movements of belonging and divergence are expressed. By exploring, in each of these families, different ways of describing the symptoms, interpret them and respond to them, we proceeded to the reconstruction of particular stories to find how these symptoms were part of the individual’s and family’s biography. Through the analysis of how those families make sense of the pain and adopte practices to control it, abdominal pain appeared to us as intimately linked to social experience and the medicalization as a basis for a better apprehension of this suffering. While telling his or her pain, the child is also expressing his or her bodily and social boundaries. Within the family, the expression of this limit can sometimes be disturbing, confrontational, even lead to conflict. Thus was “negociated” an appropriate approach to pain that redefines the roles of each in relation to it. The abdomen becomes the mediator who allows the compromises needed to “live together” or to “live in the world”. Following this “negociation” that involves the participation of the attending physician, bonding within the family is sometimes positively transformed and the relation to the world and to the others can become different.

Keyphrases: functional gastrointestinal disorders, french-speaking families in Québec, medical anthropology, transcultural psychiatry, anthropology of the body, phenomenology, social suffering, idiom of distress, somatization, bodily language
Je qui devient Nous et Nous qui devient Je : sens unitaire de la culture chez Hegel

The theme of culture (Bildung) is primarily characterized by its contextual diversity within Hegel’s body of work. Although culture is specifically defined as a means of development unique to humans, unlike the typical usage of the term in German, its diversity means it is as present in the most mundane of anthropological observations as in passages addressing the history of world spirit and even political writings. This work will examine each of the general contexts in which the concept appears (Phenomenology of spirit, political philosophy, and philosophy of history) in order to establish the common thread underpinning the core of Hegelian concept of culture. Far from being an undefined concept, culture represents the dynamic nature of the spirit wherever it manifests itself.

Keyphrases: G. W. F. Hegel, Culture, Philosophy, Culture, Spirit, Education
Réécritures du mythe de Lilith dans La Jongleuse de Rachilde et Le Jardin des supplices d’Octave Mirbeau : reflets d’une féminité trouble

Over the course of the nineteenth century the legendary female figures of ancient myth had become emblematic of the female sex. This association grew stronger toward the end of the century and the “feminine imaginary” fed itself on a social discourse that contributed to the construction of femininity in terms of menace and depravity. The mythical figures that lent their faces to representations of the femme fatale became symbols of the degeneration of French society. With all of the vices of the century gathered into her body, this female figure appears to us as eminently revealing as to the understanding of an era. However, the figure of the femme fatale is fundamentally ambivalent, and the mythical figure of Lilith, which can embody love as well as destruction, represents the two opposing aspects of nineteenth century representations of femininity. This study shows that there is a direct relationship between the profound ambivalence that characterizes the myth of Lilith and representations of the femme fatale. To this end, we undertake a comparative analysis of the works of Rachilde and Octave Mirbeau, who rewrite the myth of Lilith in The Juggler and The Torture Garden. Two extremely contrasting representations emerge from the comparison between the two “Liliths”: as Rachilde portrays her upstanding heroine’s desire to transcend her body, Mirbeau constructs his Clara as soft and mired in the body, thirsty for carnal pleasure. By examining the relationships that become apparent between these works, we demonstrate that the duality inherent in the myth of Lilith responds to the instability of a society grappling with multiple anxieties regarding sexual identity. This comparison, therefore, allows us to interrogate the traces of a specific mode of sexuation in the literary voice.

Keyphrases: Octave Mirbeau, Rachilde, Lilith, Femme fatale, Rewriting, Myth, Social discourse, Decadence, Ambivalence
Vers une scène commune : rapports croisés entre poésie et chanson chez Raoul Duguay (1966-1970)

This thesis addresses the early works of Raoul Duguay. Our study focuses on the first two collections of poem (ruts [1966] and or le cycle du sang dure donc [1967]), while examining Duguay’s parallel production as an experimental musical artist and eventually songwriter. Hereby, our study wishes to unveil the close ties between poetry and what could be considered as its popular derivatives: songwriting. Indeed, a significant number of poets wrote songs, especially among the proponent of the counterculture.  Therefore, the first chapter will present a portrayal of Quebec’s cultural history that underlies the ties between songwriters, poets and artists in general in the 1960s. Furthermore, it will lay the theoretical framework to address the song as a study object.  The second chapter studies the notion of lyricism in Quebec’s early modern poetry. It will study the use of song – or singing – as a metaphor, to demonstrate how it later loses its relevancy in regard of the modern poetry, which prefers the use of speech as metaphor. This shift heralds a change of paradigm in approaching lyricism and the lyrical subject. However, it will appear that Duguay persists in using song and singing metaphors – as well as speech – as he experiences language in its vocal and oral undertone.   The third chapter studies the context – Quebec’s counterculture – in which the ties between poetry and song are tighten around the question of their function. It addresses the notion of popular art and its legitimacy.

Keyphrases: Raoul Duguay, Underground, Song, Poetry, Counterculture
The neurobiology of meditation for the control of pain

Pain is a multidimensional experience involving sensory, emotional and cognitive components. It is well known that mental factors or interventions such as attention, distraction, hypnosis or expectation can modulate painful experience. Traditional claims from the East suggest meditative practice may also have analgesic effects. Theoretically there are multiple avenues by which such practices could act, however little work has been done in this regard. The works presented in this dissertation were intended to address this paucity of research by contrasting pain perception in practicing meditators and non-meditating control participants.  A psychophysical pain study was first conducted with practitioners of Zen meditation contrasting their responses to pain with control subjects during different attention conditions. Meditators were found to have lower baseline pain sensitivity, atypical attention-related pain responses and training-related reductions of pain ratings during mindful attention. A second study, with similar groups of subjects, employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the perception of pain. In a non-meditative state, meditators were found to have stronger nociceptive-related brain activity in primary pain regions while simultaneously exhibiting reductions of activation in brain areas associated with appraisal, memory and emotion. These later effects were largest in the most advanced practitioners and were associated with the lowest pain ratings. Importantly, changes in functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and a primary pain region predicted baseline pain sensitivity in the meditation group. Finally, a structural imaging experiment (published as two separate reports) was conducted to examine whether grey matter thickness may differ, in pain-relevant ways, between the groups. Meditators were found to have thicker regional grey matter in several pain and attention-related regions which corresponded both with an experiential measure of attention, pain sensitivity and meditation experience. Taken together these results suggest meditation may influence pain perception through functional as well as physical effects on the brain. The pattern of brain activity and experience modulation appears to be unique, when contrasted with previously studied interventions, and suggests that adopting a non-elaborative but focused mental stance may allow one to dissociate the bothersome qualities from the sensory aspects of a noxious stimulus.

Keyphrases: pain, meditation, Zen, Zen, mindfulness, mindfulness, pain modulation, fMRI, emotion, self regulation, attention, attention