NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Effets des diètes de remplacement du maïs sur les performances de croissance, le pH ruminal et les paramètres biochimiques sanguins chez les veaux de grains

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of partial or total replacement of corn in standard diet (MS) on growth performances, ruminal pH, and blood biochemical parameters in grain-fed calves. Four groups of 80 calves housed in 32 pens (10 calves/pen), were randomly assigned to four diets consisting of standard diet with corn and protein supplement (MS); reduced corn, canola meal and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (MCD); reduced corn, protein supplement and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (MSD), and rolled barley, canola meal and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (BCD). All diets were fed for 96 days and formulated according to starting (d0 to d54), growing (d55 to d85) and finishing phases (d86 to d96). Additional group of five calves fed a non-acidogenic control diet (CT) containing 1.4 kg of concentrate and grass hay ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI) was depressed in MSD at d96, compared to MS and BCD (p<0.001), however diets had no effects on BW. At d27, d54, and d85 average daily gains (ADGs) were similar, however at d96 they were greater in BCD (p<0.001) than in the other groups. Calves were slaughtered at approximately 267 Kg live weight and carcass yields in BCD were lower than that in MS and MSD (p<0.002). Durations of ruminal pH below 5.6 (DpH5.6) from d68 to d85 (P2) were similar in CT and BCD (p=0.09), and lower (p<0.001) than MS, MCD, and MSD. From d85 to d96 (P3), DpH5.6 in CT was lower (p<0.0001) than BCD. DpH5.6 in MS, MCD, and MSD diets were similar (p>0.83), and greater than that in BCD (p<0.0001). DpH5.6 had no significant effect on ADGs. At d68 and d96, the dietary treatments had no effect on L-lactate (p > 0.05), blood pH (p > 0.001; not significant after Bonferroni adjustement NSBA), and AnGap (p>0.009; NSBA). Dietary treatments had no effects on LBP at d0 and d68. At d96, LBP in CT was smaller than that of MS and MCD (p=0.001). Diets had no significant effects on epithelium and lamina propria (p=0>0.37), and liver abscess (p=0.80). Partial replacement of corn by dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble and/or Canola meal allowed a similar level of growth performances, did not decrease duration of acidic ruminal pH, and did not affect blood biochemical parameters. Total replacement of corn by rolled barley, dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble, and canola meal decreased duration of ruminal pH below 5.6, improved ADG at the finishing phase and did not affect blood biochemical parameters but slightly reduced carcass yield

Keyphrases: Ruminal pH, Growth performances, Blood biochemical parameters, Grain-fed calves
Study of the relationship between academic performance and socioeducative climates in gifted high school students

It is said that 15 to 40% of gifted students perform at levels below their potential (Seeley, 1994). In recent years, many researchers have looked into this phenomenon in an attempt to explain it. However, only one research team has looked into school climates for a part of the answer, while many researchers have found such a relationship amongst the non-gifted population. This study aims to look for a relationship between socioeducative climates, family environment and performance amongst gifted kids to fill this gap. In order to do this, a sample of 1,885 Grade 10 participants was taken from the previously created database of the evaluation of Quebec’s SIAA program, and a path analysis was conducted to create a model of the effect of environments on the performance of gifted youth, through the mediation of motivation. The findings suggest that the impact of socioeducative and family environment on the performance of gifted students is minimal.

Keyphrases: Gifted, Climate, Underachiever, Underachievement, Socioeducative, Family, Motivation, Performance, Path analysis, Climat
Characterization of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae antiviral effect against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in porcine alveolar macrophages

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is the most economically important infectious disease of swine production. A recent study has demonstrated that the culture supernatant of Actinobacilus pleuropneumoniae (App) inhibits PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection in vitro in a monkey cell line. Following this finding, the objective of this study was to demonstrate the antiviral effect of App in the primary target cells of PRRSV in vivo: porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) and to elucidate how App inhibits PRRSV replication in PAM. Cells were treated with App before and after PRRSV infection. At different times postinfection, viral genome replication and transcription were measured in the presence of App. mRNA expression of type I and II interferon (IFN) and the proteomic profile of infected cells treated with App were evaluated. The expression of selected proteins was confirmed by immunofluorescence (IFA) and Western blot assays. Results showed that App antiviral effect against PRRSV is not via the induction of type I and II IFN expression. Moreover, it was observed that App inhibits PRRSV infection in PAM before its genome replication and transcription, indicating that App antiviral effect takes place early in PRRSV replication cycle. Proteomic results revealed that App increases cofilin, a protein that induces actin filaments depolymerisation in its active form. This depolymerisation phenomenon was further confirmed by IFA. Interestingly, a microfilament-disrupting compound (cytochalasin D) induced the same effect on PRRSV replication than App suggesting that App antiviral effect against PRRSV takes place via the activation of cofilin and thus actin depolymerisation, which probably affects PRRSV endocytosis.

Keyphrases: A.pleuropneumoniae, PRRS, PRRSV, PAM, PRRSV replication, actin cytoskeleton, cofilin, A.pleuropneumoniae
Évaluation de la simulation à haute fidélité pour améliorer la communication
interprofessionnelle aux soins intensifs : étude expérimentale à double insu

Objective: Patient hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) are often victims of medical errors. The interprofessional nature of ICU teams makes them particularly vulnerable to communication errors. The primary objective of this project is to improve interprofessional communication in an ICU team using a high fidelity simulation-based training. Method A prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted. Ten teams of six ICU workers completed three simulated scenarios of resuscitation. The intervention group was debriefed on communication skills, whereas the control group was debriefed on technical resuscitation skills. Three months later, teams completed a fourth simulation without debriefing. All simulation sessions were coded for quality, efficacy of communication and team information-sharing by four blinded observers. Results For our primary end-point, improvement in communication in intervention group wasn’t greater than in control group. A 16% increase in communication effectiveness was noted in ICU teams independently of the studied group. Nurses and respiratory therapists significantly increased their communication effectiveness after three sessions. The effect did not last to three months. Conclusion The combination of high-fidelity simulation training and communication-oriented debriefing can produce short-term gains in communication effectiveness of an interprofessional ICU team.

Keyphrases: simulation, communication, simulation, interprofessional, communication, critical care, resuscitation
From Classical to Quantum Secret Sharing

In this thesis, we will focus on a cryptographic primitive known as secret sharing. We will explore both the classical and quantum domains of such schemes culminating our study by presenting a new protocol for sharing a quantum secret using the minimal number of possible quantum shares i.e. one single quantum share per participant. We will start our study by presenting in the preliminary chapter, a brief mathematical survey of quantum information theory (QIT) which has for goal primarily to establish the notation used throughout the manuscript as well as presenting a précis of the mathematical properties of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-state, which is used thoroughly in cryptography and in communication games. But as we mentioned above, our main focus will be on cryptography. In chapter two, we will pay a close attention to classical and quantum error corrections codes (QECC) since they will become of extreme importance when we introduce quantum secret sharing schemes in the following chapter. In the first part of chapter three, we will focus on classical secret shearing, presenting a general framework for such a primitive all the while illustrating the abstract concepts with examples presented both for their historical and analytical relevance. This first part (chapters one and two) will pave the way for our exposition of the theory of Quantum Secret Sharing (QSS), which will be the focus of the second part of chapter three. We will present then the most general theorems and definitions known to date for the construction of such primitives putting emphasis on the special case of quantum threshold schemes. We will show how quantum error correction codes are related to QSS schemes and show how this relation leads to a very solid correspondence to the point that QECC’s are closer analogues to QSS schemes than are the classical secret sharing primitives. Finally, we will present one of the three results we have in A. Broadbent, P.-R. Chouha, A. Tapp (2009) in particular, a secure minimal quantum threshold protocol (the other two results deal with communication complexity and the classical simulation of the GHZ-state).

Keyphrases: Cryptography, Quantum information theory, Error correction codes, Quantum error correction, Classical secret sharing, Quantum secret sharing, Quantum threshold schemes
Variations sur l'affect : pensée de l'affect autour d'Ingeborg Bachmann

Literature is rarely regarded as a science, as something true, as a discipline that can create knowledge. Because of its fictions and inventions, it stands outside the boundaries of what we consider to be certain, sure, in spite of its place among academic disciplines and the common medium of language it shares with philosophy. This place accorded to literature stems from our refusal to acknowledge the vital role that our affects play in the creation and development of all thought. Science’s rejection of affect is the result of many affects — fear, pride — out of which we create the concept of « thought » that is the most appropriate for us, the most reassuring : that which is rational, linear, objective. In fact, thought is chaotique and subjective; only through expression in words does it acquire a semblance of objectivity. But language itself is the product of affects : no infallible truth resides at the origine of our languages, their grammatical rules, and their words’ meaning. Thus literature, despite (or because of) fictions, stories, and fables, because it creates language, always questioning words, is ultimately more lucid than reason. Always concerned with images, literature is in a sense well acquainted with affect. Its attempts to portray affect aim to shock and disrupt the readers’ consciousness. By means of this aspect of the literary, I sought to elaborate an affective knowledge, a knowledge of affect that is not based on reason. Critical thinking and affect are indeed two essential parts of literary creation, both of which are readily present in Ingeborg Bachmann’s work, which includes a doctoral thesis on the philosophy on Heidegger, as well as collections of poetry, short stories, essays and an unfinished cycle of novels, Todesarten. More precisely, in my reading of Bachmann’s work, particularly her short stories as well as her only finished novel, Malina, I concentrated on the representation of affect in diverse feminine characters who, through their attempts to avoid suffering and distress, surround themselves with a wall of lies and stories. In this context, I also reflected on Bachmann’s theories about literature that she articulated in her Frankfurter Vorlesungen. Thus, in analyzing the fictional works of Bachmann as well as those of other writers, I was able to explore at some depth aspects of affect in both the reader and in the writer.

Keyphrases: Affect, Ingeborg Bachmann, Literature, Knowledge
Réseaux, homophilie et discours de collaboration scientifique au Québec : étude comparée sur le capital social des chercheurs junior et senior (1990-2009)

Our study focuses on how the junior and senior social sciences researchers in Quebec establish their networks of co-authorships and form their discursive interpretation of their collaborative activities face to the impact of the university institutional change during the period 1990-2009. Notably, our research shows that the creation of networks and scientific collaboration by co-authorship can be identified as "professional adjustments". These "professional adjustments" represent a resource of social capital that can be mobilized and that may produce benefits for the researchers. Therefore our research is related to the sociology of sciences. This approach was operationalized by the study of 15 members of a University research center in the province of Quebec, and their  network of 447 co-authors (including the researchers of the study), and through the application of 7 interviews with junior and senior researchers from the center. From a qualitative perspective, our study identifies the discursive meaning provided by the researchers about their collaboration and participation in co-authorship networks. On the other hand, the structural analysis of networks shows the individual connections and forms of interpretation - especially the graph theory and its measures of centrality (the degree centrality, the betweenness centrality and the eigenvector centrality) - as well as the homophilic degree among researchers. Finally, our statistical analysis shows the correlation of study periods and socio-professional characteristics of the researchers studied (gender, academic status, institutional affiliation, discipline, countries, regions of Canada and city where the researchers work). In particular, our results show that each research category has its own structural and discursive features regarding its networks and its collaboration practices. These findings confirm that the senior researchers retained and obtained more benefits from their co-authorship network than their junior peers, through the mobilization of their social capital, which allow them as well, to better adapt themselves to the institutional change and to manage more effectively their collaborative work at the international, but especially at the local arenas.

Keyphrases: Collaboration, Internationalization, Networks, Social capital, Institutional change in universities, Professionals adjustments, Junior researchers, Senior researchers, Social sciences
Les déterminants de l’évaluation de la formation et de son rendement perçu : le cas des employeurs assujettis à la Loi favorisant le développement et la reconnaissance des compétences de la main-d’œuvre au Québec

Labour force training has been the object of an extensive body of scientific literature for many years. In general, the main subjects examined in the scientific literature, in professional studies and in public policy discussions concern the effectiveness of labour force training and, more recently, the strategic dimension of labour force training with regard to possible effects on organisational performance. The results produced, however, have been qualified, unconvincing and at times contradictory (Cedefop, 2013, 2005). As a consequence, business leaders and public policy decision-makers lack the clear evidence needed to evaluate the impact of training on the performance of organisations. In the present study, a new theoretical and empirical perspective is offered with which to better understand the characteristics of businesses which evaluate the effectiveness of training, how the evaluations are conducted and the perceived effects thereof.   In terms of its theoretical basis, this study utilises three different approaches in an integrative analytical model. In the hypothetical-deductive section of the study, the theory of human capital as well as the Kirkpatrick model and the strategic management of human resources allows for the verification of the motivation of employers with regard to training evaluation and the perception of its utility. In the more exploratory section of the thesis, the conceptual and explanatory powers of an institutionalist approach have been mobilised to understand the behaviour of organisations that do not conduct formal evaluations but which nonetheless perceive the positive effects of their training activities.  In terms of methodology, this is an explicative analysis and an in-part exploratory quantitative approach based on the results of a study conducted in 2005 by Emploi-Québec and l’Institut de la statistique du Québec of businesses subject to the Loi favorisant le développement et la reconnaissance des compétences de la main-d’œuvre. Our main research findings suggest the existence of three types of factors which explain the perception of the effects of training: factors related to the organisation in question (the nature and extent of experience in training), factors related to the type of training and factors related to institutional action concerning training.

Keyphrases: Training evaluation, Perceived utility of training, Determinants of training, Theory of human capital, Kirkpatrick model, Strategic management of human resources
Patterns of discrepancy in perceptions of workgroup and organizational cultures and their relationships to well-being, commitment and organizational citizenship behavior

Organizational culture influences how organizations respond to environmental challenges and shape the normative behaviors of its members. Studies that address the extent to which a culture is accepted and practiced indicate much variance as a function of a multitude of factors (e.g. age, tenure, hierarchy, etc..) and their relation to subsequent outcomes.   Various cultural assessments utilize self-report surveys as an acceptable avenue to link between perceptions and outcomes. While these instruments measure one’s beliefs, assumptions, and values, one of the factors that may implicate responses is the lack of frame of reference.   One of the study’s objectives is to determine how measurements of cultural perceptions are related to contextualization of survey items. Using two orientations, we investigate whether perceptions of culture, in respect to the entire organization, are different from those in reference to the immediate workgroup.   The study further explores how patterns of discrepancies between perceptions of the two referents are simultaneously related to psychological well-being at work, commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. As a final goal, we test which of the two referents better predict those outcomes.   One hundred eighty nine participants in the study were part of a post-secondary, English educational institution in Quebec. Participants were randomly assigned to questionnaires with two different orientations - the entire organization or the immediate workgroup - at time one, and in corresponding opposite referent at time two.   Results indicate that perceptions of culture in relation to the entire organization are significantly different from those in relation to the immediate workgroup. The study demonstrates that similarities between perceptions are positively related to well-being, organizational and workgroup commitments.   Greater perceptual differences are associated with higher levels of well-being and normative organizational commitment. These associations are strongest when perceptions of organizational culture are more positive than perceptions of workgroup culture. Opposite patterns of discrepancy are related to higher levels of organizational citizenship- behavior, affective and continuance workgroup commitments.    The results of the study also suggest that perceptions of workgroup culture are related to relevant outcomes more than perceptions of organizational culture. Theoretical and practical implications for measurement of perceptions of culture are discussed.

Keyphrases: Perceptions of organizational culture, Frame-of-reference, Well-being, Commitment, Organizational citizenship behavior
L’impact d’une interaction sociale centrée sur le trauma sur la réactivité physiologique d’individus avec un état de stress post-traumatique, en fonction de leurs symptômes et de leur soutien social

Introduction: Individuals who have developed a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly make efforts to avoid trauma-oriented conversations with their significant others, which may interfere with the natural recovery process. The following hypotheses can be formulated. A trauma-oriented conversation with a significant other can be experienced as physiologically arousing by individuals with PTSD and, consequently, trigger an increase in their heart rate. Heart rate reactivity in this context can positively vary in function of the intensity of individuals’ PTSD symptoms. In addition, this association between symptoms and physiological reactivity can vary in function of anxious individuals’ perceived social support from their significant other and/or their network. The same can be conceptualized regarding individuals with panic disorder (PD). The objective of the present thesis is to empirically verify all these hypotheses. Methods: A total of 46 individuals with PTSD and 22 individuals with PD completed diagnostic interviews and self-report measures of symptoms and perceived supportive and unsupportive or negative social interactions with their significant other and their network. They also participated in an anxiety-oriented social interaction with a significant other, which included continuous heart rate measures. Results: Results showed that trauma-oriented social interaction with a significant other triggered a significant elevation in participants’ heart rates when compared to a non-anxious and non-contentious discussion with the same person. This heart rate reactivity was significantly and positively correlated with intensity of their symptoms of PTSD. Some evidence was found for the relationship between increased heart rate reactivity and the interaction between perceived social support and PTSD symptoms (e.g., symptoms of avoidance). The study also found that perceived unsupportive or negative social interactions were related to increased heart rate reactivity while talking about one's trauma (i.e., as a main effect). Regarding individuals with PD, a PD-oriented social interaction was associated with a significant decrease in mean heart rates, which positively correlated with intensity of their panic attacks. Some dimensions of perceived social support were significantly and negatively associated with this decrease, as a main effect. Discussion: This study has particularly showed that there are links between PTSD symptoms and heart rate reactivity in the context of a trauma-oriented social interaction with a significant other. It has also showed that PTSD symptoms and perceived supportive and negative social interactions can actually predict this heart rate reactivity. In the future, longitudinal designs could be used to give a more precise portrait of the directions of the links explored here.

Keyphrases: Posttraumatic stress disorder, Panic disorder, Anxiety, Heart rate reactivity, Social interaction, Perceived social support