NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Étude de «marqueurs d’activités» au sein de deux populations historiques de la Vallée du Saint Laurent : analyses des observations macroscopiques et essais d’interprétations en lien avec des milieux contrastés (urbain versus rural)

The range of activities available to a population, such as the professions, are dependent of the environment in which they live. Historical records on Nouvelle-France document the economic, religious and daily life in urban and rural contexts. In bioarchaeology, post-cranial bone changes around muscle insertions (enthesis changes or EC) are often used to record the level of physical activity of past individuals. This is the first occasion that they have been used on an urban and rural Quebecois population -- to test not only the environmental influences, but also the effect of age and sex on EC changes. The two groups under examination are the followings:  i) 43 individuals from Notre-Dame’s cemetery in Montreal (1691-1796); and  ii) 29 individuals from Sainte-Marie-de-Beauce’s cemetery (1748-1878).  In total 18 anatomical entheses were noted on both superior and inferior limbs. The Villotte method (Villotte 2008a) was used during for data collection, as it describes in detail the nature of the phenomenon. The results derived from the descriptive and univariate statistics show that:  i) the increasing frequency of lesions in both collections increase with age;  ii) therefore, when excluding old individuals, the quantity and severity of the entheseal changes are higher in the male rural group (Sainte-Marie-de-Beauce) and iii) the intra-group analysis shows that there are differences in the EC frequency between women and men within each population as expected.  Several interpretations are possible. Women, who lived in an urban environment (Notre-Dame) seem to have practised more physically demanding activities than men, in contrast to the rural milieu, where the opposite is observed (Sainte-Marie-de-Beauce). Although environmental differences (including division of labour and social status) could have influenced the EC frequency in the two groups, the small sample size remains problematic.

Keyphrases: Sainte-Marie (Beauce), Nouvelle-France, Bioarchaeology, New-France, Entheseal changes, Activity
Mécanismes de pluralisme juridique et utilisation paradoxale du droit : le postmodernisme de l'État français en Nouvelle-Calédonie

The French state has not avoided the various sociopolitical disruptions experienced by the international affairs of the 21st century. In its overseas territories, and particularly on the sui generis New-Caledonian territory, where multiculturalism is endemic and autonomist aspirations have been flourishing since the 1970s, French-republican values struggle to set up. The difficulties that result from the inadequacy of modern European principles engender some issues regarding the effectiveness and the legitimacy of the law. The monism and positivism that characterize the law in France do not really make sense on this “other side of the world” territory. The existence of legal pluralism – the coexistence of State law with the Caledonian law and the civil customary law – gives way to the establishment of mechanisms partially supporting this legal pluralism. Moreover, the context of decolonization in which the territory is gives place to the development of indigenous autonomist claims which manage to take over the law and to a certain extent use it against the State. Developed legal pluralism mechanisms as well as the singular use of the law that takes place in New-Caledonia demonstrate a postmodern evolution of the French state structure.

Keyphrases: French state, legal pluralism, postmodernism, political claims, use of law, Kanak indigenous people
Les multiples visages des voies vertes et du vélo : une analyse de la perspective des planificateurs et gestionnaires de la Route Verte au Québec

Well-known for its mobility, public health, social, environmental and economic benefits, cycling is a mean of transport considered in urban planning by many cities. Outside big urban areas, greenways like the Route Verte in Quebec are part of the infrastructures related to cycling promotion. However, planning these greenways is in line with a growing diversification of bike use as well as planning practices. How are planners representing themselves the uses of the bicycle and the Route Verte and how are they integrating it in the cycling network planning in regional contexts ? This research explores the relations between cycling planning and the planners’ and managers’ representations of the Route Verte in Quebec. The study was conducted with municipal and provincial employees, as well as cycling path managers in the cities of Granby, Saint-Jérôme and Victoriaville in the province of Quebec. The data of ten in-depth semi-directed interviews and the analysis of municipal planning documents revealed that the Route Verte is considered by many as a backbone structuring local cycling networks. Yet, the representations with regard to cycling infrastructures are not only various, but also showing a gap, which is dependent on particular regional context and a wide range of governance models and intervention scales. These discrepancies make difficult the development of a network characterized by multifonctionality which is, paradoxically, appealing but also challenging in terms of cohabitation. This study opens new and interesting research perspectives while putting forward the importance of cycling planning outside big urban centres.

Keyphrases: Bicycle, Greenways, Planning
La prise en compte de la décroissance démographique dans la planification territoriale : le cas de Saint John, Nouveau-Brunswick

Previous research highlighted how most shrinking communities tend to fail to acknowledge the structural nature of population decline, a position that hinders the adoption of adequate planning policies. This case study of Saint John, a shrinking city from Atlantic Canada, questions the feasibility of adopting planning policies tailored for population decline. Drawing from the analysis of the city’s most recent planning documents and sixteen interviews conducted in 2014 with elected officials, planners and key informants from the economic development sector of the Greater Saint John, we argue that it is possible to plan for scenarios of sustained population decline or stagnation but only under a special set of circumstances. In Saint John, the collective deception that followed the cancellation of a refinery project acted as a catalyst for a culture change in the community. This event, successfully leveraged by the city’s planning department, allowed the community to overcome the stigma of population decline. The results of this master’s thesis are presented in the form of a scientific article.

Keyphrases: Smart shrinking, Saint John, Plan SJ, Demographic decline, New-Brunswick
La remédiation du jeu de rôle sur table vers les plateformes virtuelles : enquête sur les usages émergents à la disposition du maître de jeu 2.0

Pen and paper roleplaying is more than forty years old and it undertakes its first technological revolution only now. Building on a qualitative survey conducted over Québec social media, this research confirms a shift toward using digital hardware and software in roleplaying games and a positive opinion in general about them. Only long distance play sessions with virtual tabletops garner less extensive agreement, where human contact and emotional relationship with dice and miniatures are hampered, or because they bring tabletop roleplaying too closely to video games.  This master’s degree thesis investigates the tension between game and story inside a social ecosystem and observes how interlinked experiential systems are affected by choosing technological devices. It situates the user-centered industrial designer as a game master 2.0 that wields digital objects to get closer to human players.

Keyphrases: Gamemastering, Play, Roleplaying game, Game design, User-centered design, Remediation, Systemic approach, Game master, Virtual tabletop, Technology
Le rôle de la lumière dans l'aménagement urbain : le cas de la Piste des Carrières à Montréal

The presence of light is essential for any living organism. It affects not only human behaviour but also the space they roam in. Although Montréal finds itself in the same latitude as Bordeaux or Venice, due to its specific weather and seasonal conditions, it is considered a northern city. This research is focusing on the role of light in an urban environment and more specifically, how the light affects the user experience in the case of the bicycle path Piste des Carrières in Montréal. This multifunctional path is 3,2 km long and can be found in the Rosemont – La Petite- Patrie district. This path is being daily used by many cyclists, walkers, joggers and even crosscountry skiers, throughout the summer and winter seasons. There are a lot of people during the day, but after dark, the place is empty. The darkness creates an atmosphere of insecurity, and the lack of light makes the path very difficult to cross. Therefore, it seems important to understand the importance of lighting, its role in an urban environment, and how light can be used to revitalize public places. In order to understand the various challenges around and on this bicycle path, we have chosen the phenomenological approach to study this space and the phenomena that can be observed. On one hand, the research bases itself on the concepts developed by Maurice Merleau-Ponty: the object, its relationship with the body, and the perception. On the other hand, it bases itself on the concept of research at the first person developed by David Seamon. The latter allowed us to collect data through a logbook, maps, and by the creation of a Facebook page designed for the exchanges and the comments on the Piste des Carrières. It allowed us to examine the bicycle path and it’s surrounding as well as observe its attendance and use. We have analyzed and classified the information gathered during different moments in order to understand the complex nature of that space, and identify the different aspects that affect our experience of the path. This will help us to understand how to potentially improve the user experience of the public space with urban lighting.

Keyphrases: Urban design, Light, Lighting, Urban space, Northern cities, User experience
Les significations de soigner des personnes âgées pour des infirmières travaillant dans une salle d’urgence

In Quebec, the number of visits to the emergency department (ED) by older people has increased dramatically and nurses working in the ED will be increasingly in contact with them in the coming years. It has been observed that many nurses seem uninterested in caring for older people and may have negative attitudes towards them. These attitudes can affect the quality of care and well-being of older people, for example, by decreasing their functional autonomy and increasing their hospitalization time. Research is lacking on the attitudes towards older people in the cultural context of the ED. This focused ethnography, based on Schigelone’s theory (2003) on the attitudes of health care professionals towards older people, aimed to understand the meanings of caring for older people for ED nurses. Six nurses participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews, observation and informal conversations were carried out and analyzed with. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic approach. The results indicate that for nurses caring for older people means an ambivalent professional commitment to a humanistic care dynamic with the older person and important patient care that are complex and difficult. Some elements influence these meanings such as the nurse's perspective on aging and the work pace that is modulated by the organization. Recommendations were made for research, training, practice, management and policy.

Keyphrases: Older people, Nurses, Organizational culture, Emergency department, Ageism, Attitudes and behaviours, Focused ethnography, Ggerontological care
«Ils viennent pour travailler» : l'utilitarisme migratoire et les ouvriers agricoles saisonniers au Québec

This research focuses on the social interactions and representations associated to the experience of seasonal migrant workers in Quebec agricultural enterprises hired through temporary migration programs. The central argument of this research is that such programs, by reflecting an utilitarian approach, are not only answers to a labor shortage but also serve to format an ideal type of agricultural worker to face the productive needs of agribusinesses in the contemporary trade context. In particular, the administrative rules of programs that regulate the experience of migrant workers in Quebec relate to hired laborers as if they were only a workforce detached from the social fabric. The thesis develops this argumentation through three axes of research. First, it analyzes how employers incorporate this fiction through the expectations they have regarding the migrant workers and how those expectations compare to other work profiles present in agricultural businesses. Secondly, the research explores the significations produced by migrant workers themselves regarding their life and work conditions in Quebec enterprises in this context of commodification and looks at recurring narratives helping migrant workers explain their condition in the province. Finally, the research examines the practices of migrant workers who have challenged the migratory utilitarianism inherent to the programs. The thesis thus contributes to the analysis of a current type of migratory utilitarianism by observing its daily application and the construction of meaning produced in those specific relations. Through the ethnographic perspective, the research brings original elements to shed a light on the shaping of subjectivities and the degree of adhesion or contestation in a contemporary context of flexibilization and intensification of work.

Keyphrases: Migrant work, Temporary migration, Migratory utilitarianism, Agricultural production, Political anthropology, Economic anthropology, Ethnography
Sexualité et parentalité chez les adolescents haïtiens infectés au VIH par transmission verticale ou sexuelle : quelles normes, quelles valeurs et quelles pratiques ?

The stigma of HIV had been a virtual death sentence for a long period of time. It is not until the year of 1996 that the ARV medicine became available which changed the fatal disease into a chronic disease. This biochemical advance continues to improve the life expectancy of the individuals infected, particularly children infected by vertical transmission. Subsequently, this progress has greatly improved the health and quality of life of the victims. However, the fear that continues to emerge among parents and researchers is to be noted. Despite the presence of the disease, children, once reaching adolescent age, have natural needs and curiosity to experience sexual interactions, and thus neglect the use of condom. The culture of secrecy transmitted by parents in regard to the correlation with being infected by HIV needs some attention. This argument stresses the norms and values by which this particular group of adolescents are influenced, and their perception relating to parenting. The qualitative method has been used as a research strategy. This method was inspired by the phenomenology and the interactionism symbolic approach. The researchers conducted a semi-directed interview using an audio device; thirty adolescent’s ages 15 and 20 infected by HIV were interviewed. The analytic view follows the steps of the qualitative method described by Giorgi (1997). The rationale of this thesis is, despite the norms and values transmitted by parents, adolescents still engage in sexual activities, rarely using condoms. However, the norm of secrecy associated with HIV disease was never strayed. During interactions with those adolescents, medical providers have noted a strict observance in the medical regiments; however the regular use of condom is neglected in conformity to the values of their peers. Those peers play an important role as well as the parents in the transmission of norms and values. Those adolescents clearly place more emphasis on experiencing love and sexual interactions than respecting the norms and values transmitted by parents. If we compare male and female, the girls worried about the danger of becoming pregnant and the consequences attached to it. The boys are more concerned about the responsibilities of being a father. This vi view associated with the disease is driven by fear. Furthermore, some recommendations have been provided in the orientation of intervention, and prevention of the HIV disease.

Keyphrases: HIV/AIDS, Vertical transmission, Haiti, Norms, values, sexuality, ARV, ARV, Parenting, Sexual transmission
Activation du processus de résilience chez l’enfant exposé à la maltraitance

Whether it is a situation of serious trauma, extreme neglect, or heavy abuse, resilience can provide incentives to develop new approaches in the work of social workers towards the children in their care. The particularity of the concept lies in the fact that it proposes a new perspective of care for children whose situation seems desperate, even unrecoverable. To do so, it is necessary to acquire a different, appropriate, non-pathologizing professional attitude, a solid knowledge on the factors that promote resilience, but mostly on the attributes of its activation in a concrete, progressive and understandable way. Although scientifically, resilience has been widely studied from different angles, its activation, through significant accompaniment, supported by a professional, is of great interest especially in the search for innovative strategies of interventions specifically with children exposed to the maltreatment. This study aims to precisely document the activation of the resilience process adapted to the reality of children in foster care, through the lenses of the practical knowledge of social workers from the Ontario child welfare services.  To achieve these objectives, this study is divided into seven distinct parts: 1) the general context of the study, 2) resilience in children exposed to abuse, 3) the research question and objectives, 4) Theoretical positioning and conceptual framework, 5) methodology, 6) results, 7) discussion, and 8) conclusion. Our analysis of practice narratives reveals that the mechanism by which the process of resilience is activated is really set in motion when the child himself, but under the care of a resilience tutor, manages to grasp the present, to overcome his fear, to appropriate his sense of existence, to find his place in the heart of society. Resulting, avenues of intervention that emphasize proper support, assistance and resources, which are sine qua non for marvels to be possible, even in the presence of adversity.

Keyphrases: Activation, Intervention, Prévention, Suicide, Neurosciences, Children, Abuse, Resilience, Prevention, Human Sciences, Interdisciplinary
«Moi j’suis pas francophone!» : discours, pratiques langagières et représentations identitaires d’élèves de francisation à Vancouver

In a Canadian French minority context, French schools are expected to function as unilingual spaces, which can counter or slow down the linguistic assimilation process.  Schools have as a mission not only to instruct and educate children, but also to socialize them as a new generation of French speakers. Schools are expected to contribute to protecting, supporting, promoting, and reproducing the “francophone identity” and the francophone local community. This raises a number of questions about authenticity and legitimacy such as: Who is or can be considered as legitimate Francophone? This thesis is inspired by the critical sociolinguistic field and will present ethnographic data about discourses and representations of identity of children (6 to 10 years old), teachers, parents and other stakeholders in the French Education system in Vancouver area. The study focus is set mostly on the discourses, language practices and representations of identity of students who followed “francization” courses (French as second language) in an elementary French school. It aims at understanding better what it means for these students to “be Francophone”. Our findings show that “francization” students, as new speakers of French, are challenging the traditional definition of Francophone in a Canadian minority context. By their multilingual practices, discourses and various identity positionings, they force educators and parents to question the inclusion and exclusion processes based on the notions of legitimacy and authenticity related to the francophone community, as an imagined community.

Keyphrases: Francization, Multilingualism, Linguistic representations, New speakers, Identity discourses, Imagined community, French canadian minority, Child and youth studies, Sociolinguistic, Ethnography
Apropiación de estrategias de inserción laboral : convergencias y divergencias entre los organismos comunitarios y jóvenes pertenecientes a poblaciones desfavorecidas de Montreal

The main subject of this research is contextualized in problems of integration, mobility and social insertion. It’s focalized in youth labor insertion and principally in the youth appropriation of strategies process for employment insertion. The question beyond the study is: ¿why some young people doesn’t arrive to have a job even if they were helped by strong organizations and social politics system for doing it? That is interesting because the usual intervention directed to help youth in their labor processes could be a very important contribution for their life projects, but that it’s not possible if they don’t make own the strategies and orientations received for this. The strategies proposed by social politics doesn’t always go in same way of youth world vision; that why it’s important to research about it and discover the gap between politics, social agents and the young reality of lived.

Keyphrases: Social representations, Trajectories of labor insertion, Appropriation of strategies, Popular youth, Community organism agents