NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Pharmacothérapie de la douleur chronique non
cancéreuse chez des patients suivis en première ligne

Background: Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is highly prevalent and mostly managed in primary care. This study sought to describe the use of analgesics in primary care, the prevalence and management of adverse reactions, as well as patients’ satisfaction with treatment and their barriers to pain management. Methods: Patients reporting CNCP (pain for six months and more), present at least twice weekly, with an average pain intensity of at least 4 on a 0-10 scale(10=worst pain possible) and having an active analgesic prescription from a primary-care physician were recruited in a cohort study conducted in Quebec (Canada). They completed a telephone interview and a self-administered questionnaire to document the characteristics and impact of their pain, their emotional well-being, their satisfaction with pain treatment and beliefs/attitudes about pain and its management using validated measurement instruments. Information on pharmacotherapy was retrieved using an administrative provincial database and pharmacies’ charts. Results: A total of 486 patients participated in this study. Their mean age was 58.4 years(SD=12.5) and they had pain for 11.7 years (SD=11.1) with an average pain intensity of 6.5. Over a one year period, 52.9% of patients had analgesics prescriptions from two or three primary-care physicians. The most commonly dispensed analgesics were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (72.2%) and opioids (65.6%). Though 90% reported adverse gastrointestinal effects, 36.4% and 54.4% of these patients took no medication for constipation or nausea, respectively. Patient satisfaction was low, particularly regarding information about pain and its treatment The most important patients’ barriers to optimal management included fear of harmful effects of analgesics. Conclusions: In primary care, the management of moderate to severe CNCP is not always optimal. It involves several primary-care physicians indicating that the management is presently complex and lack of coherence and continuity. The prevalence of adverse effects of pain medication is high and often left untreated, patients’ satisfaction is low, and patients are reluctant to take pain medication.

Keyphrases: Etude de cohorte, Non-cancer chronic pain, Primary care, Pharmacotherapy, Analgesic, Adverse effects, Cohort study
Bodies, Saracen giants, and the medieval romance : transgression, difference, and assimilation

Bodies, Saracen Giants, and the Medieval Romance: Transgression, Difference, and Assimilation explores the treatment of the bodies of three Saracen giants in the romances of Roland and Vernagu (c. 1330), Sir Beues of Hamtoun (c. 1330), and The Taill of Rauf Coilyear (c. 1513-42). Through a study of the characterization of the three Saracen giants, the significance of the human body in the Middle Ages, and the practices of Christianity in accordance with the discourses and ideologies regarding the near East that existed in the medieval West, this thesis addresses how and why the romance constructs the giant as a physical marker of excess, deviance and evil. Using theories and criticisms of subjectivity and embodiment, this thesis juxtaposes the Saracen giant with the romance hero to underline an obvious similarity between the two bodies and their respective religions. The romance hesitantly demonstrates a desire to assimilate Saracen giants into the heroic code as well as the Christian religion, but it often distrustfully chooses to remove the giant body through its death in battle. Regardless of its death or assimilation into the heroic code and Christianity, the Saracen giant's body forever remains meaningful for the romance, as it always contributes to the construction of the romance hero's identity, faith and society.

Keyphrases: Medieval romance, Giants, Medieval bodies, Islam, Islam, Est, East, Conversion, Conversion
Création : Dieu reconnaîtra les seins (roman). Travail critique : l'humour dans Au bonheur des ogres de Daniel Pennac : étude des parenthèses

This thesis in creative writing is composed of two parts.  The first one, a novel entitled Dieu reconnaîtra les “seins”, follows the adventures of a young woman in her thirties named Caroline who, having had her breasts surgically removed, sees her life plunge into chaos as she tries to find a cosmetic  and medical solution to her situation.  The light tone of the novel allows for an humorous look at the tragic cirucumstances Caroline finds herself in.  Following the trials and tribulations of her life,  the story touches on such universal themes as love, loneliness, hopelessness, poverty and death, and  evolves toward a vision of humanity that is both merciless and benevolent. The second part of the thesis is an study of humour in Daniel Pennac's Au bonheur des ogres, and more specifically, the use of parentheses as a humoristic device.  Pennac frequently uses parentheses as a way to create humour, thus building a polyphonic narrative in which various levels of discourse communicate with each other.  Three types of humour are present within parentheses:  black humour, absurdist humour and irony.  As such, the essay echoes the novel in that it looks at humour and irony in literature.

Keyphrases: humour, Daniel Pennac, creative writing, novel, irony, humour, Daniel Pennac, polyphony, parentheses
Les limites du champ de l'extase chez Bataille

The purpose of this thesis is to define the topic of ecstasy as understood and explained by Georges Bataille. Our goal being to establish the frontiers of a concept which is, a priori, free of limits, we might be facing a paradox. In fact, how can we limit something which is by essence, unlimited ? We will see that the ecstasy of Bataille breaks in a radical way with the traditional notions of the mystic by creating a concept that, instead of embracing the Absolute, the All, remains an inner experience. Then, we will precise our search into the erotic nature of its foundations. Indeed, Bataille claims the erotic essence, not mystical, of the ecstasy. For him, the mystic is the impossible. Because of that, we will study the apparent deadlock of his conception of the ecstasy. The fact that Bataille’s conception of the ecstasy ends when the mystic begins, we conclude that the ecstasy is for him of a lesser power and scope than the mystical ecstasy. Therefore, we will discuss the possible weaknesses of such a conception of the ecstasy. Knowing that Bataille excludes all the mystical aspects from its vision of the ecstasy, we will ask if we should consider it a failure by nature.  Has Georges Bataille actually conceptualized the ecstasy of the drug consumer? Has he tried to link his conception of ecstasy to the ruins left by the death of God ? Or could it be that Bataille’s ecstasy is simply the agony of the spirituality...? In this study, we will define some notions introduced by Bataille such as: “nudity”, “anxiety”, “unproductive expenditure”, “sovereignty” or “little death”. In order to do so, we will work on the following literature by Bataille: L’expérience intérieure, Ma mère, L’histoire de l’œil, Le bleu du ciel and L’Érotisme.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Bataille, Bataille, mystic, ecstasy, érotisme, eroticism
L'éducation cinématographique, une nouvelle approche pour les écoles secondaires québécoises

This thesis proposes to question the presence — or absence — of cinema in secondary schools of the province of Quebec in 2011. It begins with a brief history of film education in Quebec, which demonstrates the recurrence of recommendations for film education since the 60s in the province, and puts into context the current situation of education film. It then focuses on the concept of culture, as described in the recent reform of the Quebec's educational program, which occurred in the early 2000s, in order to emphasize the incongruity of the absence of cinema in the program. It also demonstrates the urgency of including the cinema to the educational program to train students in critical analysis of images, urgency stems in part from the pervasiveness of images in society. This thesis then analyzes the various educational tools related to cinema that are available to high school teachers in Quebec, mostly offered by the National Film Board of Canada and the Association des cinémas parallèles du Québec, and compares them with the educational project linked to cinema developed by Alain Bergala in France.

Keyphrases: Cinéma, Association des cinémas parallèles du Québec, Québec, Culture, Cinema, Film education, Secondary schools, Teaching tools, National Film Board of Canada, Quebec
La souveraineté alimentaire dans le système-monde : une étude comparative des structures agraires cubaine et mexicaine

Following the bursting of the subprime bubble in 2008, which is considered to be the turning point of this period of crisis, much attention has been focused on the global economic meltdown, masking the other consequences of the crisis which are as heavy and perverse as the rise of unemployment and the credit crunch (Carfantan 2009). This research is dedicated to the study of other aspects of the crisis as it evolves in the countryside, mostly dealing with the socio-political consequences of the global food crisis and the crisis of peasant societies. The focal point of this study concerns in particular the rise of the "food sovereignty alternative" which mounts a serious challenge to the dominant agri-food model of neo-liberalism in crisis (Desmarais 2008; Holt-Giménez 2009). Therefore, the present study seeks to reveal the socio-political determinants leading to the establishment of food sovereignty policies despite the pressure of the neo-liberal food regime. This thesis maintains that food sovereignty policies originate from peasant counter-movements which engender, in the first place, the establishment of a new agrarian domestic structure of "popular-democratic" and "antisystemic" nature, and secondly, the transnationalization of this structure so as to challenge the neo-liberal food regime in crisis. By adapting the intermediary theory of "domestic structures" to the critical study of agrarian structures on the basis three different variables (Risse-Kappen 1999), the thesis argues that the emergence of food sovereignty policies requires the decentralization of the decision-making and the collectivization of the agricultural sector through a radical and agro-ecological agrarian transformation (the "political structure" variable), as well as the emergence of a potent agrarian societal structure which is built on consensual political networks, in presence of a strong state and a mobilized agrarian civil society (the "societal structure" and "policy networks" variables). At the conceptual level, the research draws on the world-systems theory, and consists of a comparative study modeled on a contrasted case study approach which includes the case of Cuba, characterized by a strong resistance to challenges posed by the neo-liberal food regime, and Mexico, marked by the adoption of neo-liberal food policies.

Keyphrases: Cuba, Food sovereignty, Globalization of agriculture, Mexico, Neoliberalism, World-systems theory
Les déterminants de l’utilisation des services en santé mentale dans le sud-ouest de Montréal

Objective: The objective of this thesis is to examine the determinants of health services use for mental health reasons in the southwest of Montreal.  Data and methods: The study uses data from the first phase of the project « le développement d’une zone circonscrite d’études épidémiologiques en psychiatrie dans le sud-ouest de Montréal ». Data were collected from May 2007 to August 2008 among a sample of 2.434 persons randomly selected throughout the study area. From this sample, we selected a sub sample of people with at least one mental health diagnosis during the past year.  423 persons met the criteria and constitute the sample for analysis of this thesis. The behavioral model of Andersen provided the framework for the selection of variables to analyze. Because the socio-spatial approach was preferred to model the determinants of services use, the tests were performed using four different software including: SPSS, AMOS, ArcGIS and MlWin.  Results: The results show that 53.66% of our sample had used at least one health service for mental health reasons. It should be note, however, that the determinants of mental health services use are both complex and spatially unevenly distributed. Regarding the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, women and those who perceive stigma against people with mental health problems use more services. The number of mental health diagnoses is also associated with health services use. Health services utilization increase with the number of diagnosis (=0.38; p<0.001). Other variables such as age, marital status, household size, social support and quality of life indirectly influence use of services. For instance, any increase of one year of age leads to increased social support of 0.69 (p<0.001) which in turn reduced the psychiatric distress of 0.09 (p<0.05). Any increase of one unit of psychiatric distress leads to increased use of services of 0.58 (p<0.001). At the spatial scale, there is a positive correlation between health service use and material deprivation, social deprivation and the number of recent immigrants in a neighbourhood. However, there is a negative correlation between the prevalence of mental health and health services use. Further analyses indicate that the neighbourhood explains 12.26% (p<0.05) of the total variation of health services use. After controlling for individual characteristics, living in a stable neighbourhood increases service use (O.R=1.24; p<0.05) while deprive socio-economic neighbourhood hinders use of services (O.R=0.71; p<0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that if we want to optimize the use of mental health services, it is important to act primarily at the community level. More specifically, awareness campaigns should be conducted to combat stigmatization of people with mental health problems. In term of health services planning, it is urgent to increase the number of health services in disadvantage neighbourhoods to facilitate accessibility to residents.

Keyphrases: Mental Health, Health services, Geographic information system, Montréal, Montreal
Irrégularités dans la distribution des nombres premiers et des suites plus générales dans les progressions arithmétiques

The main subject of this thesis is the distribution of primes in arithmetic progressions, that is of primes of the form $qn+a$, with $a$ and $q$ fixed, and $n=1,2,3,\dots$ The thesis also compares different arithmetic sequences, according to their behaviour over arithmetic progressions. It is divided in four chapters and contains three articles.  The first chapter is an invitation to the subject of analytic number theory, which is followed by a review of the various number-theoretic tools to be used in the following chapters. This introduction also contains some research results, which we found adequate to include.  The second chapter consists of the article \emph{Inequities in the Shanks-Rényi prime number race: an asymptotic formula for the densities}, which is joint work with Professor Greg Martin. The goal of this article is to study <<Chebyshev's Bias>>, a phenomenon appearing in <<prime number races>>. Chebyshev was the first to observe that there tends to be more primes of the form $4n+3$ than of the form $4n+1$. More generally, Rubinstein and Sarnak showed the existence of the quantity $\delta(q;a,b)$, which stands for the probability of having more primes of the form $qn+a$ than of the form $qn+b$. In this paper, we establish an asymptotic series for $\delta(q;a,b)$ which is precise to an arbitrary order of precision (in terms of negative powers of $q$).  %(it can be instantiated with an error term smaller than any negative power of $q$).  We also provide many numerical results supporting our formulas.   The third chapter consists of the article \emph{Residue classes containing an unexpected number of primes}. We fix an integer $a \neq 0$ and study the distribution of the primes of the form $qn+a$, on average over $q$. We show that the choice of $a$ has a significant influence on this distribution, and that some arithmetic progressions contain, on average over q, fewer primes than typical arithmetic progressions. This phenomenon is quite surprising since in light of the prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions, the primes are equidistributed in the residue classes $\bmod q$.  The fourth chapter consists of the article \emph{The influence of the first term of an arithmetic progression}. In this article we are interested in studying more general arithmetic sequences and finding irregularities similar to those observed in chapter three. Examples of such sequences are the integers which can be written as the sum of two squares, values of binary quadratic forms, prime $k$-tuples and integers free of small prime factors. We show that a broad class of arithmetic sequences exhibits such irregularities over the arithmetic progressions $a\bmod q$, with $a$ fixed and on average over $q$.

Keyphrases: Analytic number theory, Primes in arithmetic progressions, Dirichlet L-functions, Zeros of L-functions, Prime number races, Applications of large sieve, Arithmetic sequences
Synthèse des matériaux électroactifs à base de thiophènes et de bipyrroles dissymétriques

The condensation of amine and aldehyde functional groups is an attractive strategy for the synthesis of conjugated, conductive polymers. Unlike conventional coupling techniques that give a mixture of products, selective product formation affording unsymmetric products is possible by controlling the reagent stoechiometry and solvents.     A series of such polymers 17-23 (chapter 3) were synthesized by the dehydration of aminothiophenes and a series of asymmetric bisaldehydes 8-13 (chapter 3) featuring an asymmetric 4-methoxy-2,2'-bipyrrole core. The latter was constructed by a general route from 4-hydroxyproline providing derivatives 1-2 (chapter 2) and 3-6 (chapter 3), which were diformylated in the last step to afford the bisaldehyde monomers 8-13 (chapter 3). In the search for functional materials, the electrochromic properties of polymers 17-23 (chapter 3) were evaluated.

Keyphrases: Prodigiosine, Prodigiosin, Azomethine, Vilsmeier Reaction, Rayon X, X-ray, Conductive Polymers, 2,2'-Bipyrrole, 2,2'-bipyrrole, Electrochromism, 4-Alkoxypyrrole, 4-Alkoxypyrrole
Musique, numérisation, loi HADOPI : analyse d’une controverse dans les médias français

This research explores the media controversy about the HADOPI law project in France, from its inception in November 2007 until its final adoption in October 2009, in particular surrounding illegal downloading activity. During those two years, HADOPI was the subject of a series of discussions, debates, arguments and negotiations about those activities. This study analyzes media articles from major French media institutions using popular papers from the daily and weekly press. The theoretical framework is based on Michel Callon’s notion of framing, according to which an issue identified in a specific context is defined by specific actors from this environment. I also argue that the adoption of the HADOPI law was the result of a complex process of negotiation, and the points of view are split into pros and cons camps for and against, by each media outlet. The definition of the context from one camp or the other presents the media controversy’s assessments from the actors involved.

Keyphrases: HADOPI law, media controversy, definition of context, framework
Le processus de succession dans les entreprises familiales : une perspective discursive

The object of this research is the succession process in family businesses. The data have been collected using semi-directed interviews. Our sample consists in a small family business from the professional services sector, located in the province of Quebec, that is actually living a generational transition. In all, we did interviews with five persons: the two actual owner-managers that are about to be succeeded, their successor, and two employees that closely lived the succession. We were interested in the communicational dimension of the succession process, which we made the demonstration using the discursive model of organizations from Taylor (1993). Doing so, we observed two key moments of the process: the full-time integration of the successor in the business, and the moment when the leadership role is being transferred to him, tying up with similar findings from Longenecker and Schoen (1978).

Keyphrases: Succession, Communication, James R. Taylor, Perspective discursive, Family business, Discursive model, Organization
Médicaliser la maternité en Chine du Sud : l'exemple des postes médicaux consulaires français, 1898-1938

The history of medicalization of maternity in China is still poorly understood and this master thesis is a first step in the attempt to clear this rich and vast ground. It examines the context in which and to what extent the care of the Chinese women’s maternity has evolved in the French medical consular posts of Southern China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan), from the arrival of the first doctors in 1898 until the eve of the Second World War in1938. It demonstrates how the French sanitary mission took care of pregnancy, childbirth, and new-born health in the consular health establishments, and attempts to see how far, why, and in what areas specifically the Western health care proposed by the French in these regions could have reached the future and new Chinese mothers.

Keyphrases: History, Medicine, Health, Imperialism, Southern China, Medicalization, Maternity, French consular posts
L'insertion professionnelle des jeunes n'ayant pas complété leurs études secondaires

In Quebec’s researches on the young people’s entry into the adulthood and in the beliefs of the population in general, it is well anchored that the fact of dropping out from high school without obtaining diploma leads eventually and inevitably to difficulties of entry on the labour market. However, when one undertakes to check the origin of this belief, one finds only very few answers, since the investigations into the insertion of the young people in Quebec and Canada almost always ignored the young people without diplomas and research treating of the subject often quotes nonconvincing sources. In this analysis, we used a recent investigation which is not restricted to the only graduates to study insertion of the young people, by making the assumption that the young high school dropouts of Quebec and the remainder of Canada are not likely significantly more to know difficult insertions in employment than the young people not having but this level of diploma to their credit. Our results do not enable us to affirm that the dropouts do not know more problems of insertion than the high school graduates, but they show all the same that other variables are much more determining. The interest of this analysis does not stop with the statistical comparison between the two groups of young people being studied, it wants to be a theoretical reflexion on the notion of insertion, on the reasons which explain its restrictive character, and on the paradigms which inspire this field of research.

Keyphrases: insertion, Entry into the labour market, young people, dropouts, graduates, high school