NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Aspirations scolaires des parents et décrochage scolaire : le rôle du soutien des parents et des aspirations des adolescents

This study focuses on the role of parental attitudes and behaviours in the process of school dropout through addressing two objectives. The first objective consists in verifying the mediator role of educational aspirations of the adolescent on the relationship between parental educational aspirations for their child and school dropout. The second objective aims at validating the protective role of parental support against school dropout when parental educational aspirations for their adolescent are low. The results were derived from data gathered annually among 4630 Quebec high school students from 7th to 11th grade. The results demonstrate through the use of logistic regressions that educational aspirations of the adolescent mediate partially the relationship between the parental educational aspirations and school dropout. As observed, dropout were less frequent when the parents with low educational aspirations supported their child in its education. Nonetheless the results could not prove the protective role of parental educational support. Indeed, the number of dropouts appeared surprisingly also higher when parents expressed high educational aspirations and high support. Several explanations are proposed to explain those results. This study suggests that working with both parents and their child on their educational aspirations may help decrease the risk of school dropout. They also bring new perspectives on the moderating role of parenting style and academic difficulties of the adolescent on the influence of parental educational support in the school dropout process.

Keyphrases: School dropout, Parental educational aspirations, Educational aspirations of adolescents, Parental educational support, Mediator effect, Protective effect
La chose en soi comme concept «critique» : le problème de la limitation de la connaissance dans la Critique de la raison pure de Kant

In the following thesis, we will claim that Kant’s concept of a thing-in-itself is both a metaphysical and a critical concept. Accordingly, the thing-in-itself must be understood as a real transcendental object that grounds phenomena. Thus, we maintain – contrary to F.H. Jacobi’s (1787) and G.E. Schulze’s (1791) harsh objections – that this assertion does not violate the structures of critical philosophy. Indeed, this particular claim is arrived at through analogical cognition, which does not transgress the boundaries of human knowledge: as a matter of fact, analogical cognition allows us to point towards and assert the existence (Dasein) of something the nature (Beschaffenheit) of which may remain problematic. Thus, we believe that Kant’s metaphysical commitment with regard to the existence of the thing-in-itself as ground of phenomena can be fully justified within the Critique of Pure Reason.

Keyphrases: Emmanuel Kant, Philosophy, Immanuel Kant, Idealism, Thing-in-Itself, Kant
Genre et identité au sein des élites mayas de la Période Classique : la dualité complémentaire des genres

At the turn of the century, as feminist movements shook the foundations of academia, questions of gender were pushed to the fore front of debates in social sciences and archaeology. Mayan archaeology has followed this trend, shedding light on the previously neglected role of women in these societies. The goal of this thesis is to capture the complexity underlining the social, symbolic and ideological construction of gender in the upper echelons of classical Mayan society. This objective is pursued by compiling and confronting archaeological, iconographical, epigraphic and ethnohistorical data found in the literature.  Our results support the thesis according to which relations and, identities pertaining to gender among the Mayan ruling and non-ruling elites were constructed along the lines of a fundamental principal of Mayan thought and culture: complimentary duality.

Keyphrases: Maya, Gender, Complementary duality, Classic, Elites, Archaeology
Carl Schmitt et la critique de l’universalisme libéral

This essay examines Carl Schmitt’s political theory and more specifically his critique of liberal universalism. The aim is to show that the relevance of this controversial writer lies in the renewed challenge that his antinormativism represents to contemporary political theory. I maintain that there is in Schmitt’s thinking a constant attempt to establish the modalities of a relationship between law and order, whether it be instituted order or given order. I further illustrate how schmittian antinormativism, in international law, gives rise to a critique of universalism, understood as the attempt to think the political from the perspective of humanity considered in its unity. From a decisionist perspective, universalism hides imperialistic interests that must be unveiled; from an institutionalist perspective, universalism neglects the concrete spatial order on which international law is grounded. It is thus argued that Schmitt demonstrates the significance of preserving the autonomy of jurisprudence towards moral and technic.

Keyphrases: Carl	Schmitt, Universalism, Decisionism, Institutionalism, Law and politics, Just war, International law, Theory of the State, Antinormativism
Une culture du pluralisme religieux chez les jeunes au Collège Saint-Viateur de Ouagadougou comme prophylaxie contre l’intégrisme religieux au Burkina Faso

Saint-Viator College at Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso (West Africa) is a Catholic school, the mission of which is to evangelize the youth that attend it, while assuring them a Christian education of quality.  Besides the Catholics, many of the students are Muslims, Protestants or Animists. There is therefore a religious diversity among the educational community.  Since this situation has been accepted and recognized as such, we may very well speak of religious pluralism. In such a context, one must really wonder if it is always pertinent to want to evangelize the young Catholics as well as the students belonging to the other religions, or must we simply educate them to become better human beings in their own religion.  This question leads us to an adventure of five chapters corresponding to the five stages of pastoral praxeology.  The first chapter depicts the educational community of Saint-Viator College, in the pluralistic context of Burkina Faso, and demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of the manner by which religious diversity is managed. The second chapter poses the problem of the relevance of the evangelization of youth of different religions, by ensuring their Christian education. The third chapter illustrates a hermeneutic of the act of evangelizing youth, taking into account the positive theological perspective of religious pluralism, in relation to the Church’s magisterium regarding Christian education of youth. The fourth chapter puts forth four proposals so that the evangelization of youth, in this context of religious pluralism, may take on the meaning of an integral education that draws the youth to becoming better human beings in their own faith. Finally, the fifth chapter expresses the hopes and beneficial effects of a culture of religious pluralism among the youth at Saint-Viator College of Ouagadougou. This culture would constitute simultaneously an evangelical prophylaxis against religious fundamentalism/integrism within the educational community and within the society of Burkina Faso.

Keyphrases: Burkina Faso, evangelization, religious integrism, evangelical prophylaxis, catholic school, religious pluralism, respect of the difference, Christian education, Saint-Viator College, diversity of religion
La résolution en ligne des conflits de consommation à l'aune de l'accès à la justice

According to its most common, but also most narrow definition, Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) refers to the electronic form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR).  Our master’s thesis focuses on the online version of consensual dispute resolution processes, among which negotiation and mediation are found. The question underlying our research is the following: does ODR increase Quebec consumers’ access to justice? The first part of our study gives a positive answer to this question, by demonstrating how ODR can tackle many obstacles, both objective and subjective, to Quebec consumers’ access to justice. It also provides answers to the most frequent criticisms of ODR. This first part essentially addresses the question of why ODR can enhance consumers’ access to justice, while the second part focuses on the how. Our hypothesis is that ODR’s numerous advantages with regards to consumers’ access to justice will only truly materialize in practice if the government intervenes to regulate this dispute resolution method. We therefore demonstrate the opportunity of a State involvement in the field of consumer ODR. In our opinion, institutionalizing ODR will lift, partially at least, barriers that have hindered, to this day, the large-scale deployment of this innovative dispute resolution process.

Keyphrases: Cyberjustice, Online Dispute Resolution, Access to justice, Consumer disputes, Consumer, Technology, Role of the State, Regulation, Government control, Cyberjustice
Phase-I clinical trial on the effect of palatal brushing on denture stomatitis

Introduction: Denture-related erythematous stomatitis (denture stomatitis) is a chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa covered by a removable prosthesis. This disease is considered the most prevalent mucosal lesion associated with prosthesis use. Recent research on the etiology of denture stomatitis suggests that treatments based on the reduction of the inflammation are effective in the management of this disease. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of palatal brushing in the treatment of denture stomatitis. Methods: After screening 143 individuals with a potential diagnosis of denture stomatitis, 48 (mean age: 66.0 ± 11.2 years) were enrolled in a phase-I two-center clinical trial with one-group pre-test/post-test design. The intervention of interest was manual palatal brushing after each meal and before bedtime. Clinical and microbiological examinations were performed at baseline, 1 month and 3 months post-intervention. Additional data were obtained by the use of a validated questionnaire. The primary and secondary outcomes were the remission of denture stomatitis and the diminution of Candida Colony-Forming Units (CFUs), respectively. Descriptive and non-parametric statistical tests were conducted to analyze the data. Results: At 3-month follow-up, denture stomatitis was completely cured in 10.4 % of the study participants, and 70.8 % of denture wearers showed improvement in the clinical signs of denture stomatitis. There was a significant reduction in the area and severity of the palatal inflammation at 3-month follow-up (p < 0.0001). The effect size ranged from medium to large (0.34 to 0.54), depending on the classification used for the diagnosis of denture stomatitis. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the number of Candida CFUs isolated from the palatal mucosa and dentures was observed (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that palatal brushing is effective in the treatment of denture stomatitis.

Keyphrases: Candida, Denture stomatitis, Palatal brushing, Complete denture, Phase I trial
L’organisation des personnages musicaux et son impact sur la forme dans le Quatuor à cordes no 2 de Leoš Janáček

This thesis proposes an analysis of form and melody in Czech composer Leoš Janáček's (1854-1928) String Quarter No. 2 (1928). These parameters and their interconnectedness are studied using the notion of “musical character,” inspired by Olivier Messiaen's concept of “rhythmic character.” The analysis of the melodic organization within the entirety of the quartet allows us to demonstrate how strongly characterized melodic lines (the musical characters) are reiterated and predominantly articulated through juxtaposition within each movement, giving rise to an original and highly repetitive form. The paradigmatic analysis of certain formal sections, as well as the seriation of the same type of characters, confirms the importance of melodic repetition in the structural elaboration of a work. Furthermore, the study of the musical characters shows that their internal structure is itself based on the reiteration of melodico-rhythmic cells. Therefore, the same procedure of formal construction through repetition and juxtaposition applies just as well to the level of succession of melodic lines as to the construction of their internal structure. The recurrence of musical characters builds up like the rearrangement of their constituent cells, giving rise to varied melodic structures that take part in the constant renewal of the musical discourse, despite its high degree of repetitiveness.

Keyphrases: Leoš Janáček, String Quartet No. 2, musical character, analysis, form, melody, paradigmatic
Représentations filmiques de lesbiennes/queers issues de la diaspora indienne en Occident

Witnessing the recent explosion of filmic representations of non-normative practices and identities which currently characterizes the cinematographic sphere, the following study mobilizes theoretical and methodological tools from sociology of cinema, cultural studies and the intersectional feminist approach to analytically explore three long-feature fictions of conventional narrative form that show, as well as are imagined and realized by lesbian/queers of Indian origins in an occidental context who occupy minority positions on the axes of social division that are the categories of sex, ethnicity, race, and sexualities: Chutney Popcorn (Nisha Ganatra, 1999), Nina’s Heavenly Delights (Pratibha Parmar, 2007), and I Can’t Think Straight (Shamim Sarif, 2008). In short, the main objective of this thesis is to expose the conceptions of queer experiences and subjectivities privileged by this regime of representation, and to evaluate how and in which ways it reproduces and destabilizes those of academics, activists and postcolonial nations which internationally circulate.

Keyphrases: lesbiennes/queers, race, representations, intersectionality, lesbians/queers, ethnicity, Indian diaspora
L'application de la Grande Loi de la Paix (Kaianerekowa) de la Haudenosaunee dans la pratique de la médiation à Kahnawake

The Iroquois Legal Tradition, or that of the Iroquois Confederation otherwise known as the Haudenosaunee or the People of the Longhouse, is not only ancient but also organic and currently viable. The reminders of its existence and of its content surround us and traverse us. Its application, however, requires our will and our participation as well as that of Indigenous communities of which the ancestors themselves developed it many centuries ago. This presents a constant challenge for the Mohawk community of Kahnawake where the march of time led, despite the notable independent Mohawk presence before and during the first centuries of interaction with the Europeans, to a legal integration of the colonial mentality. This could even lead one to doubt of the existence of their legal order, the Kaianerekowa. Reality, however, is otherwise and this order is complete, sophisticated and applicable; it is thus open necessarily to the possibility of critique and progressive improvement. The mediation exemplifies these dynamics, because it has been a part of them since before one can say. Today, Kahnawake seeks to develop its legal identity as well as its relations with the outside world. The Kaianerekowa presents itself as a concrete and viable alternative for local and global communities. The mediation remains a practical and efficient application of this legal order for this community, as for others and each with its own particular adaptation. We will argue for the full and entire recognition of the Kaianerekowa as a legal order and of mediation as a legal form potentially dominant in Kahnawake.

Keyphrases: Kahnawake, Indigenous Legal Traditions
Garantir un réel accès à la justice efficace aux travailleuses domestiques migrantes : obstacles systémiques et conceptualisation du droit - perspectives canadiennes et internationales

In spite of an ever increasing demand in the domestic work sector and a considerable worldwide economic weight, migrant domestic workers are among the most precarious and exploited globally.  Invisible, isolated and working for individuals in private residences, they fall outside the traditional work categorizations. Therefore, these women find themselves operating in margin of the legal system or, when they are protected by laws, they struggle to have those laws applied efficiently.  This research will try to analyze the different ways we can consider law in order to guarantee a real and efficient access to justice to migrant domestic workers. After addressing the systemic obstacles to domestic work regulation worldwide, this research explores the inconsistency between traditional law and the reality of migrant domestic workers by analyzing the effects of the applicable Canadian regulation.  In light of the recent Convention concerning decent work for domestic workers, this essay shows that a conceptualization of law based on legal pluralism offers domestic workers an alternative access to justice.  Ultimately, including these workers in the social dialogue and implementing specific regulation adapted to their reality will provide them with an empowerment that will insure an effective protection of their rights.

Keyphrases: Domestic work, Access to justice, Migrant work, Live-in caregiver program, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, International Human Rights Law, International Labour Organisation, Social dialogue
Les coûts des soins de santé chez les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus avec incapacités au Québec

The issue of healthcare costs becomes more pertinent in the current context of an ageing population. Despite the fact that elderly people in poor health do not live as long as those in good health, they are associated with higher healthcare costs. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors related to the variations of the public healthcare costs at an individual level, for non-institutionalized people of 65 years and older, living in the province of Quebec with at least one type of disability. Log-linear multiple regression models were performed, with physician consultations costs and medication costs as dependent variables. The number of disabilities an individual has, the type of disability, and the main socio-demographic confounders were chosen as independent variables. Information on these independent variables was taken from the 1998 survey Enquête Québécoise sur les Limitations d’Activités, and information on the dependent variables was taken from the dataset of Quebec’s public health insurance program from the same year. Both physician consultation and medication costs were found to be a function of the number of disabilities an individual has. Furthermore, those with an agility disability were linked to higher physician costs, while those with a mobility disability were found to have higher medication costs. Both costs were shown to be higher in the case of a psychiatric disability, which was shown to be particularly true for medication costs. These findings highlight the importance of taking into account the type of disability an individual has, when researching healthcare cost drivers.

Keyphrases: Ageing of population, Health care costs, Disabilities, Demography, Quebec
Prédisposition génétique à la chronicité des symptômes post-commotionnels à la suite d'un traumatisme crânio-cérébral léger

Mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is a major public health concern as patients are left, amongst other symptoms, with sleep complaints and chronic pain. An interaction between these symptoms is suggested. For instance, a night of poor sleep is usually followed by hypersensitivity to pain and chronic pain always leads to sleep complaints. This interaction is suggested following an MTBI, however, data sustaining that hypothesis are still lacking. Data from the first article suggest that pain and other post-concussion symptoms are correlated with sleep-wake disturbances post-MTBI. MTBI patients with pain have more rapid electroencephalographic (EEG) waves during sleep than those without pain. This may suggest that there is an intrinsic physiological relationship between the two complaints. Moreover, pain seems to play an important role in the persistence of post-concussive symptoms. The second article of this thesis describes and details the exacerbation of post-concussive symptoms in the presence of pain following MTBI. The val66met polymorphism in the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is an important predisposing factor for chronic pain. Lastly, a subsequent study, presented in the third article details the genetic and cellular basis of the role of BDNF in the persistence of post-concussive symptoms. Common polymorphisms in the BDNF genes were genotyped and revealed variants related to post-concussive symptoms following MTBI. Moreover, protein expression studies in lymphoblast cells of MTBI patients showed a modified expression of BDNF with the met genotype that might be neuroprotective.  In summary, this thesis first shows that pain contributes to sleep-wake disturbances following MTBI and that the chronicity of post-concussive symptoms, including chronic pain, may be dependent on polymorphisms in the BDNF gene.

Keyphrases: BDNF, Mild traumatic brain injury, Sleep, Pain
La notion d'enseignement parfait (yuanjiao) dans la pensée de Mou Zongsan (1909-1995)

Mou Zongsan (1909-1995), a central figure in the emergence of New confucianist thought, wrote an impressive number of books on philosophy. One of the most interesting aspects of Mou’s writings is that he distilled and integrated concepts of other philosophical schools he considered relevant and valuable for his works. One example for this notion is his extensive use of the concept of the perfect teaching (yuanjiao圓教), which was originally introduced by the Buddhist school of Tiantai (Tiantai天台). They first classified all Buddhist teachings before concluding that only the doctrine of perfect teaching truly reflects the ultimate wisdom envisioned by the Buddha. Mou determines that this concept fulfill four necessary criteria: (1) the preservation of all that exists, (2) the possibility for all sentient beings to achieve illumination, (3) to encompass everything without distinction, and (4) to utilize a non-analytical language.  In this study, we will analyse Mou’s use of the concept of perfect teaching. He argues that the human mind must be capable of perceiving both the phenomenal and the noumenal world. This postulate ensures the preservation of all realities, inclusive of both what is ‘pur’ and ‘impure’. Mou utilizes the summum bonum, a Kantian concept that postulates that virtue and happiness are proportionally linked, and modifies it with the help of the perfect teaching. As a result of this fusion of occidental and oriental thought, human beings are attributed intellectual intuition, which according to Kant is God’s privilege. As a consequence, humans ultimately determine their own happiness by their moral behavior.  Although Mou uses the originally Buddhist doctrine of perfect teaching to revise the concept of summum bonum, he also concludes that the lack of a moral foundation renders Buddhism ultimately unfit to act as the theoretical framework of summum bonum. However, Mou claims that the four characteristics that define a perfect teaching can, irrespective of their origin, be applied to other schools of thought. Therefore, he proposes that the theories of the confucianist Wang Longxi王龍溪 (Wang Ji王畿 1498- 1583) fulfil these attributes, and uses them to establish a revised concept of summum bonum that preserves the proportionality of virtue and happiness but bypasses the requirement of God as the sole proprietor of intellectual intuition.

Keyphrases: Mou Zongsan, Summum bonum, Moral, Wang Longxi, Kant, New Confucianism, Perfect teaching, Perfect good, Happiness, Moral creativity