NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La trame sonore du film Baby Driver : une esthétique de musicalisation intensifiée

For a long time, filmmakers have used pre-existing musical pieces to soundtrack their movies. Yet given how digital technologies reshape the availability of music and its consumption, a new relationship between popular music and contemporary cinema may be emerging. Consequently, my article focuses on a case study: the analysis of Edgar Wright’s film Baby Driver (2017). To frame my research, I first examine the work of several academics who have theorized contemporary cinema through the lens of music. I then analyze the particular audiovisual configuration of Edgar Wright’s film thanks to notions used in film studies, especially in Michel Chion’s study of sounds. Finally, I consider the film’s depiction of contemporary musical devices as a kind of documentation of current media practices in music.

Keyphrases: Cinema, Videos (music) / clips, Musicalization, Digitality, Media, Dissemination / circulation / transfers, Mobility
Gadamer, aesthetics and modernity

In this article I examine the exemplary role played by art in Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics. To be sure Gadamer agrees with Hegel and his classicist view according to which art contains a claim to truth that has reached its highest expression in Greek antiquity, but he refuses to admit that in the modern era it is henceforth philosophy that presents this truth in a privileged manner. Gadamer wishes thereby to counter the loss of meaning afflicting art in the modern era, and he stigmatizes Schleiermacher’s romantic hermeneutics precisely for that reason. Against Gadamer’s diagnosis of the subjectivisation of artistic experience in the modern times, I introduce W. Benjamin and his understanding of the intrinsic function of “critique” in romantic art in order to show the contrast with Gadamer’s model of access to the artwork as a participation in an event of meaning.

Keyphrases: Gadamer, Hegel, Critique, Classicism, Romanticism
Évaluation objective structurée de l’animation du débriefing
(ÉOSAD) : traduction, adaptation et validation d’une rubrique

Context: Educators must be skilled to facilitate debriefing after healthcare simulations. While tools to assess the quality of debriefing exist and could guide educators’ training, they are only available in English and are not adapted to the reality of Quebec. Purpose: (1) To translate a rubric to assess the quality of debriefing (Objective Structured Assessment of Debriefing) in French and adapt it to the context of Quebec; and (2) to test the validity and fidelity of the translated and adapted rubric. Methods: Three independent translators translated and adapted the rubric. Simulation experts (n = 11) validated the rubric’s content through a modified Delphi process. The translated rubric was piloted with a sample of simulation educators (n = 10) whom assessed the quality of recorded debriefings (n = 16). Results: The rubric presented strong content validity according to simulation experts and strong concurrent validity when compared to a general debriefing assessment score. Results for interrater and test-retest reliability showed some variability among educators. Conclusion: The rubric offers a common language and a set of criteria to assess the quality of debriefing. The rubric could guide educators’ training by specifying performance criteria and descriptors reflecting various levels of performance. However, results regarding psychometric properties of the rubric suggest that extensive training and some modification to descriptors are required prior to its use as a research instrument.

Keyphrases: Simulation, Validation, Assessment tool, Educator training
La nucléation à partir de cristaux mixtes : une nouvelle approche pour augmenter la diversité polymorphique

Chemical compounds that exist in multiple crystalline forms are said to exhibit polymorphism. Polymorphs have the same composition, but their structures and properties can vary markedly. In many fields, conditions for crystallizing compounds of interest are screened exhaustively to generate as many polymorphs as possible, from which the most advantageous form for the desired application can be selected. Here we report a new way to increase polymorphic diversity, based on crystallization induced by suitably designed mixed-crystal seeds. Also reported herein is a new strategy of suspended-melt crystallization, which can be used to induce the formation of single crystals that are too unstable to be produced by traditional methods. This strategy allows for a broader scope of crystalline structures to be resolved by X-ray diffraction. The efficacy of the above methods has been demonstrated by using them to produce new polymorphs of the benchmark compound ROY as single crystals structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. This allows ROY to reclaim a share of the crown as the most polymorphic compound in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).

Keyphrases: ROY, Structure cristalline, Polymorphism, Polymorph, Seeding, Crystal, Crystallization, Crystalline structure
Effet de la musique sur le stress chez des athlètes avec et sans commotions cérébrales

Sports-related concussions are a growing concern to experts; concussions affect approximately 20 to 40 percent of athletes every year in Quebec. Of the many negative side effects, emotional symptoms such as stress and anxiety are among the most common. It is therefore important to develop adequate stress management techniques adapted to an athlete’s lifestyle. In this regard, music has been shown to be effective in reducing stress, due to its relaxing and therapeutic properties. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of music on experimentally induced stress in concussed and non-concussed athletes. To achieve this, four groups of athletes (non-concussed music, non-concussed silence, concussed music, concussed silence) performed the Trier Social Stress Test, for which self-reported stress measurements were taken. The results do not show a significant difference in the pattern of stress recovery between the groups who listened to music and those who did not. However, it is interesting to note that groups of athletes who listened to music during the recovery phase show a lower final stress level than their baseline level. Furthermore, no difference was observed between the groups of athletes with and without concussions during stress induction or recovery. Future research is needed to refine these findings and to better understand how music can be used as a tool to help reduce stress in sports.

Keyphrases: Stress, Sport-related concussion, Athletes, Music, Clinical neuropsychology, Intervention musicale, Musical intervention
De Max Weber à Heidegger : l'historiographie comme liquidation méthodique de l'histoire

It may seem odd at first glance to bring together Max Weber and Martin Heidegger, two intellectuals so different from one another even they share a common concern for history. In fact Weber deals with history merely from the standpoint of the methodology of the human sciences, renouncing to venture in the field of philosophy, whereas Heidegger develops his concept of historicality within a phenomenological ontology centered around the question of being. However the fact that they both insist on the importance for history of the concept of “possibility” clearly justifies, as we will see, the comparison.

Keyphrases: Weber, Max, Heidegger, Martin, History, Possibility, Future past
The philosopher-artist : a note on Lyotard's reading of Kant

Analysing The Differend and other works of Lyotard, I intend to show what he owes to Kant for his own conception of philosophy as “critique.” If Kant sees in critique and doctrine two successive steps in the philosophical discourse, Lyotard’s philosophy does not aim at establishing any doctrine. This means that his model for philosophy is the Critique of Judgment, which as opposed to the first two Critiques does not open up on a doctrine. In other words, Lyotard takes advantage the aesthetic paradigm in Kant’s criticism. For his philosophy, no rule nor concept is given in advance. The philosopher has to “invent” the rule and in this he or she operates like the artist, especially when we remember the Kantian definition of genius the talent (natural gift) that gives art its rule.

Keyphrases: Lyotard, Kant, Critique, Art, Philosophy, Differend, Aesthetics
Entre nature et liberté : le rôle des Lumières kantiennes

The transition from §83 to §84 of the Critique of Judgment is without doubt a turning point in the architectonic of this work, whose goal is among others to bridge the gap between nature and freedom. If the final aim (letzter Zweck) assigned by nature to humanity as an empirical species is the development of culture (§83), we must admit that the latter enables one to attain any kind of ends, but without regard for the ultimate aim (Endzweck) that has to be reached by humanity seen from the noumenal point of view: morality (§84). In this paper, I interpret Kantian Enlightenment as a mediation between nature and freedom, or more precisely between culture and morality. Aufklärung must then be understood as a critique of culture based on a theoretical autonomy that is fully assumed by the individual, an autonomy however that must be distinguished from the autonomy of the will.

Keyphrases: Kant, Culture, Aufklärung, Sittliche Einsicht, Enlightenment, Morality
Corporalité en performance électroacoustique : une approche

This Master’s thesis summarizes the the research process that led to the creation of audiovisual works Interférences (String Network), DATANOISE and Pharmacologie, as well as two studies of fixed music. This text proposes a reflection on the possibilities of using digital technologies in real time, in a context of electroacoustic performance. It aims to develop strategies to perform and embody digital music. The notions of risk, collaboration and symbolism in music are discussed. This thesis defends the creation of specific audiovisual devices as constituent element of the artistic work. It tends towards a corporality of the electroacoustic work, by the search of adequacy between the nature of the tools used, the bodily attitude of the interpreter, the symbolism of the visible elements, and the content of the musical composition.

Keyphrases: performance, collaboration, performance, electroacoustic, audiovisual device, corporality, risk
Mise au point d’un modèle in vitro de la barrière hémato-encéphalique pour l’étude de la perméabilité de médicaments

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the structure that forms the capillaries of the central nervous system (CNS). BBB major role is to maintain brain homoeostasis by precisely regulating exchange between blood and brain tissues. Three cellular types constitute the BBB, namely: endothelial cells (ECs), perycites (PCs) and astrocytes (ACs). Due to the BBB selectivity, this barrier is the major cause of failing in the drug development of molecules targeting the CNS. Indeed, drugs developed for CNS pathologies are often unable to cross the BBB to reach their therapeutic targets. The use of a relevant BBB model is therefore critical to study drug permeability when developing new drugs. Used earlier in drug development, this kind of BBB model could allow reducing failure rates in more advanced R&D phases. In this thesis, we report the development and validation of a BBB model made from ECs extracted from mouse and seeded in a Transwell®. This work aimed at providing as much information as possible regarding the production, use and interpretation of the BBB model in the study of small molecule permeability under healthy and pathological conditions. First, we established a protocol allowing the isolation of the three cell types from mice : endothelial cells from adult mice, and pericytes and astrocytes from newborns. The methods described herein are effective to quickly obtain a large number of pure cells at a low cost. Furthermore, preliminary tests show that isolated endothelial cells are relevant for the creation of a BBB model. Next, we focused on validating a healthy BBB model. We have compared the results of the in vivo permeability of 7 molecules with three models of BBB composed respectively of primary ECs, immortalized ECs or extracted porcine brain lipids. The BBB model composed of primary ECs best correlates with the results obtained in vivo in mice. Finally, we studied the possibility of using our BBB model as a model of permeability under acute inflammation. Our results allowed describing the possible routes used by the molecules whose permeability was increased during inflammation. The inflamed BBB model is relevant for studying the permeability of small molecules; however, this work also shows that one cannot generalize the impact of inflammation on the passage of small molecules through the BBB.  Overall, we have developed and validated a BBB model composed of primary endothelial cells. This model allows studying drug permeability and provides a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the permeability. This model could be used to study many parameters involved in the passage of molecules through the BBB at very early stages of drug development.

Keyphrases: astrocytes, Blood-brain barrier, endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, permeability, tight junctions, transporters
Study of the role of the p16INK4a gene in tumor progression and tissue regeneration/function following exposure to ionizing radiation

Senescence is an important cellular mechanism that prevents tumorigenesis and is characterized by a permanent cell cycle arrest orchestrated by cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (i.e p16INK4a). Senescence is an important hallmark of aging and unbalanced levels of senescence is considered deleterious for tissue regeneration, and paradoxically for tumor progression. Irradiation (IR) is commonly used therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. Together with surgery and chemotherapy, it has helped to increase the life expectancy of patients and, in some cases, leads to complete remission. However, long-after therapy, children who survive cancer encounter alterations in the integrity of tissues/organs associated with premature aging. The accumulation of senescent cells may be responsible for this accelerated aging by limiting tissue proliferation and secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our group has previously demonstrated that the p16INK4a gene is increased in a delayed manner (approximately 8 weeks) following exposure to IR. It has not yet been investigated whether this delayed expression occurs in response to IR-induce damage of tissue homeostasis or as tumor suppression mechanisms. One objective of this thesis was to determine whether it was possible to modulate / inhibit the expression of p16INK4a in order to increase tissue regeneration without necessarily increasing the risk of cancer incidence. Indeed, this may be possible since p16INK4a-induced senescence is also irreversible in vivo. Our results demonstrated that the inhibition of p16INK4a expression in conditional-p16INK4a null mice , induces both an increase in tissue regeneration but unfortunately also an increase in the incidence of cancer. We also wanted to know the impact of the accumulation of these senescent cells on the tissues, more specifically on the function of the immune cells in the spleen. We have demonstrated that alterations (p16INK4a-dependent) within the splenic microenvironment can alter the intrinsic functions of macrophages, dendritic cells and T cells. In addition, the systemic elimination of p16INK4a positive cells (mouse model p16-3MR) has led to a partial restoration of the function of these immune cells. The combination of these data allows us to better understand the role and function of the p16INK4a gene in the irradiation-induced senescence process. Our results suggest that it is conceivable to use pharmacological agents such as senolytic compounds, capable of inducing apoptosis in senescent cells specifically, in order to potentially reduce the effects of premature aging induced by cellular senescence in cancer survivors.

Keyphrases: INK4a / ARF, Phagocytose, Ionizing radiation, Senescence, Splenic microenvironment, Stromal cells, INK4a/ARF, P16INK4a, Hematopoietic function, Phagocytosis, Cell proliferation, T cell proliferation, Regeneration.
Étude de la voie de signalisation du facteur de croissance épidermique HB-EGF et de son récepteur dans la cellule β-pancréatique

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. T2D occurs when β cells become unable to increase their functional mass in order to compensate for insulin resistance. The identification of molecules capable of stimulating β-cell replication to preserve their functional mass would therefore be of major therapeutic interest. We previously established a model of nutrient excess in which we observed an increase in β-cell proliferation associated with enhanced expression of the growth factor "heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor" (HB-EGF). The objective of the work presented in this thesis was to test the hypothesis that HB-EGF stimulates both rodent and human β-cell proliferation and to identify the underlying mechanisms.  In a first study, we demonstrated ex vivo that HB-EGF stimulates pancreatic β-cell proliferation of isolated rat and human islets by activating EGFR. We also demonstrated that glucose, an important mitogen of the β cells, requires the activation of this HB-EGF-EGFR signaling pathway, ex vivo and in vivo in an infused rat model, to stimulate β-cell replication. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that glucose promotes HB-EGF gene expression via the ChREBP transcription factor and EGFR activation via a protein from the Src kinase family.   Since adult human β cells tend to be refractory to proliferation, it is essential to confirm the findings obtained in rodents in human tissues. In isolated human islets, we confirmed the mitogenic action of HB-EGF but we were unable to detect a consistent stimulation of human β-cell proliferation in response to glucose. Our second study therefore consisted in identifying the most appropriate technique to measure human β-cell proliferation. We systematically compared proliferation levels measured by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry in intact and dispersed human islets. We tested three mitogenic factors: glucose, HB-EGF and harmine.  We observed that HB-EGF and harmine stimulate non-β cells and β-cell proliferation regardless of the method used. In contrast, the mitogenic action of glucose is variable depending on the method used. In conclusion, we first demonstrated that the mitogenic effect of glucose in β cells requires the activation of the HB-EGF-EGFR signaling pathway.  Then we demonstrated that assessment of human β cell proliferation by flow cytometry offers several advantages over the use of immunohistochemical methods.

Keyphrases: β cell, Proliferation, Signaling pathway, Rat, Human, HB-EGF, EGFR, mTOR, Glucose, Harmine
Le rôle du gène suppresseur de tumeur Il17rd dans la carcinogénèse et la réponse immunitaire innée

Interleukin-17 receptor D (IL-17RD), also known as Similar expression to FGF genes (SEF) is a member of the IL-17 receptor family and a signaling hub that negatively regulates mitogenic signaling pathways, such as the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway, and innate immune signaling. With the growing evidence that IL-17RD expression is down-regulated in a variety of solid tumors, we and others hypothesized that it may exert tumor suppressor functions. However, the role of IL-17RD in tumor biology remained to be studied in vivo. In a first study, combining analysis of a longitudinal aging cohort and a colitisassociated colorectal cancer model, we uncovered that IL-17RD is as a bona fide tumor suppressor gene in vivo. We found that genetic disruption of Il17rd leads to increased tumor formation in both models. Interestingly, tumor development in the model of colitisassociated colorectal cancer was associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response. Because it is now generally accepted that inflammation and cancer are linked, and because no change in the proliferation and ERK1/2 MAP kinase activation of normal or tumor intestinal epithelial cells was observed upon genetic inactivation of IL-17RD, our findings establish IL-17RD as a tumor suppressor that exerts its function by limiting the extent and duration of inflammation. We further showed that depletion of IL-17RD enhances Toll-like receptor and IL-17A signaling in colon adenocarcinoma cells. In a second study, we have evaluated the extent of the regulatory potential of IL-17RD in inflammation. Our study reveals that IL-17RD not only regulates TLR and IL-17 mediated innate immunity but also inhibits antiviral innate immunity mediated by nucleic acid sensors, namely RIG-I signaling. Our findings establish IL-17RD as a new regulator of antiviral innate immune response mediated by RIG-I. Altogether, our studies on the role of IL-17RD in carcinogenesis and innate immune signaling have uncovered a tumor suppressor function linked to increased inflammation in vivo and extended its inhibitory function to the antiviral cytoplasmic response.

Keyphrases: IL-17RD, suppression tumorale, inflammation, tumor suppression, colorectal cancer, inflammation and tumor development, innate immunity, acid nucleic sensor signaling
Caractérisation des domaines fonctionnels de la protéine Rev de lentivirus

In the cell, pre-messenger RNAs containing introns are normally retained in the nucleus by their interaction with splicing factors. However, the partially and unspliced ​​RNAs of retroviruses must enter the cytoplasm to serve as a template for the synthesis of certain proteins such as Env, Gag and Gag-Pol as well as genomic RNA to be packaged in the new virions. A post-transcriptional mechanism used by lentiviruses to prevent nuclear sequestration of these mRNAs depends on a trans-activator, the viral protein Rev. To ensure its export function, Rev must be able to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and to form multimers. As a result, Rev has functional domains that provide these abilities: the arginine-rich domain, which contains the RNA binding domain and the nuclear localization signal (NLS), a second domain, rich in leucine, corresponding to the nuclear export signal (NES) and finally the multimerization domain. Although the Rev proteins of the human and bovine immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and BIV respectively) have been characterized, no studies have been performed for the Jembrana disease virus (JDV) Rev protein and very little on the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Since the functional domains and import pathway of the already characterized Rev proteins are different, we assume that each Rev protein has its own organization and that the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport mechanisms differ between viruses. The goal of this project is to characterize these domains for the JDV and FIV Rev proteins as well as to elucidate mechanisms for their nuclear transport. The use of Rev mutants fused to the EGFP expressed in appropriate cells and observed by microscopy has identified NLS and NES sequences that differ from those already characterized. JDV Rev NLS is composed of arginine residues in the 76-RRPARRPPIRR-87 sequence with a NoLS composed of the same residues with the addition of arginine R74, R103 and R104. JDV Rev NES is composed of hydrophobic residues in the 116-MAELEERFEDLAL-128 sequence and is of the protein kinase inhibitor type (PKI). For the FIV Rev protein, its NLS is composed of basic residues in the 84-KKKRQRRRRKKKAFKK-99 sequence. FIV Rev NoLS is composed of the same residues with the addition of the lysine at position 82. In addition, the nuclear import and interaction tests suggest that the import routes used by Rev differ between the different viruses studied and that more than one import pathway may be used. This work could serve as a basis for identifying new therapeutic targets against lentiviruses.

Keyphrases: Lentivirus, NLS, NES, Rev, multimerization, Jembrana disease virus, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, Feline immunodeficiency virus