NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Le syndrome métabolique chez les congéniques du rat Dahl : influence de la diète et rôle du récepteur de l'ANP

Hypertension and obesity are two related components of the metabolic syndrome. The ANP receptor (GCA) and nitric oxide receptor (sGC) have diuretic, natriuretic, vasodilatory properties, and are linked to blood pressure control. Furthermore a recent study has demonstrated  the implication of  GCA and sGC in the development of obesity. Hypothesis: A genetic difference in GCA gene could contribute to physiological differences. The differencial lipid and/or sodium composition of the diet could influence the renal, cardiac and anthropometric values. Objectives: (1) To determine the effect of fat and sodium on the physiological parameters; (2) To evaluate the influence of GCA on the physiological response of the congenic rat; (3) To explain the mechanisms of the blood pressure reduction in SM9 rats. Methodology: Congenic model of DSS rat, fed with either high fat (HF) or normal (NF) diet, were used to demonstrate the impact of a chromosome segment from normotensive origin on physiological functions. C2SM9 contains GCA and sGC from normotensive origin while C2SM12 harbours only sGC from normotensive origin. Results: HF diet had negative feature on body composition, renal damage, creatinine clearance and inhibited the diuretic/natriuretic effect of ANP. The normotensive segment including GCA and sGC has reduced the blood pressure, improve the renal damage and increased the diuretic/natriuretic capacity of SM9 in response to ANP injection when compared to SM12 and DSS. GCA mRNA and the clearance receptor ratio were reduced in SM9 in the renal cortex and retroperitoneal fat. SM12 and SM9, containing the chromosomal segment that includes sGC, improve their lipid profile compared with DSS. Conclusion: Our results suggested a compensatory increase in the GCA levels for SM12 and DSS that is insufficient to improve their pathophysiologic status as observed in SM9. HF diet increases the metabolic syndrome in those rats.

Keyphrases: Guanylyl cyclase soluble, Nitric oxide, Obesity, Hypertension, Natriuretic peptide receptor, Salt sensitivity, Metabolic syndrome, soluble guanylyl cyclase
L’élaboration d’un programme d’Enseignement à distance par radio (EADR) pour l’amélioration des résultats d’examens officiels du baccalauréat 1ère partie en Haïti

This Master’s thesis examines the contribution of Distance Learning through Broadcasting to the reduction of the failure rate at the first part of the High school diploma (Baccalauréat) examination in Haiti. Specifically, we wished to design this type of program with the objective to help all the candidates of the first part of the Baccalauréat (retho’s classes) to prepare for this exam. Several countries which have experienced similar situations as the one in Haiti have set up programs of Open Distance Learning (ODL) in order to complete the classic face-to-face mode of teaching and learning.  In Haiti, Distance Learning is practically absent. The complexity of the situation requires the planning of diverse solutions to help the Haitian educational system out of its lethargy. If we cannot consider Distance learning as the only prospect, it is, on the other hand, relevant and desirable to envision it as an interesting alternative (Lubérisse, 2003). This study, centered on the qualitative approach allows us to collect data with twelve (12) key actors of the Haitian educational system (4 pupils, 3 parents, 2 professors and 3 specialists of the radio or Distance Learning by Broadcasting). Drawing on the main conditions of efficiency of Open Distance Learning (ODL) defined by Karsenti (2003), the theoretical principles of R and D (Van der Maren, 2003), the theoretical frame of Chagnon and Paquette’s needs assessment methodology (Centre Jeunesse de Montréal - Institut universitaire, 2005) and of Roegiers, Wouters and Gerard (1992), we outlined the proposed Distance Learning through Broadcasting program and submitted it twelve (12) key actors of Haiti’s educational system (4 students, 3 parents, 2 teachers, and 3 radio or DLBR experts). This sketch contained mainly, the objectives of the program, the pedagogical approach, the contents and the conditions of implementation.  The analysis of data generated through individual interviews shows that implementing such a program can be advantageous for the Haitian educational system, particularly as regards the results of the official examinations of the first part of the High school diploma (first part of the Baccalauréat). The twelve (12) participants in our research believe that the objective pursued by the program of Distance learning is achievable and important for the targeted public. While noting the positive aspect of this project, the participants suggested some modifications of the pedagogical approach, the contents and the conditions of implementation. The recommendations made by these twelve key actors of the educational system and our literature review allowed us to produce a new draft of the program outline, revised and corrected. This draft can be used as the basis for a wider evaluation.

Keyphrases: Open Distance Learning (ODL), Distance Learning through Broadcasting, Academic failure and success
Transport d’iode par le transporteur de sodium/acide monocarboxylique SMCT1

Ibuprofen sensitive, Sodium Monocarboxylate Transporter (SMCT1) is expressed in the apical membrane of diverse epithelia. Its physiological role in the thyroid remains however unknown, but  it has been proposed that SMCT1 could act as an apical iodide transporter required for the main function of the gland: the thyroid hormone synthesis.  We previously reported that SMCT1 exhibit a [Na+]e  sensible anionic leak current that could account for the electrogenic transport of iodide. However, an iodine efflux sensitive to ibuprofen but independent of [Na+]e, was also observed in primary cultures of porcine thyrocytes, suggesting another mechanism of iodine transport mediated by SMCT1. This work aims to understand the characteristics of this type of transport using Xenopus laevis oocytes as an SMCT1 expression system. By realising 125I uptakes, we found that SMCT1 transports iodide in an ibuprofen sensitive manner (30nmol/oocyte/h). While nonsaturable uptake iodide kinetics were observed, SMCT1 iodide transport was Na+ dependent as shown by the transport reduction when the [Na+]e is replaced by NMDG. The possibility of artifacts, such as non specific binding and the overexpression of endogenous proteins, was analysed. By observing that the vast majority of the radioactive iodide is found in the soluble portion of the oocyte, we excluded non-specific binding of iodide to the cell membrane. However, it is believed that most of the iodide entering the cell is not free and must be bound to some intracellular proteins. Indeed, there is a significant reduction of SMCT1-mediated iodide transport when 2% BSA is present at the extracellular solution. Furthermore, the lack of iodide transport when overexpressing other proteins than SMCT1, precludes the possibility of an overexpression of endogenous transport proteins like chloride channels for example. In fact, the transport of iodide appears to be specific to the expression of SMCT1 and interestingly of another monocarboxylate transporter MCT1. The analysis of all trials, including the fact that the amplitude of the observed transport is 20 times larger than the leak current lead us to propose that SMCT1 can carry iodide in an electroneutral manner. However, the mechanism by which this is accomplished is not easy to identify and future experiments will be necessary to determine whether this transport is observed in other SMCT1 expression systems.

Keyphrases: SMCT1, Iodide transport, Thyroid
Étude clinique et génétique d’une nouvelle forme d’ataxie spinocérébelleuse pure associée à l’Érythrokératodermie

We present here the clinical and genetic description of a unique neuro-cutaneous syndrome. Dr. Cossette’s laboratory began the clinical and genetic characterization of a French-Canadian family who was identified by Drs. Giroux and Barbeau in 1972 and includes more than 100 people over six generations. The affected members of this family have typical lesions of erythrokeratodermia (EK) (OMIM 133190, and EKV1 EKV2), associated with pure spinocerebellar ataxia. In this family, the clinical phenotype is characterized by gait ataxia caused by degeneration of the cerebellum and spinal cord and the pattern of inheritance is compatible with an autosomal dominant trait. In a previous study of this variant of ataxia with EK, putative linkage was found on chromosome 1p34-p35, the same chromosomal region of EKV1 and EKV2 that are respectively caused by mutations in the connexin-31 gene (GJB3, OMIM 603324) and connexin -30.3 (GJB4, OMIM 605425). However, no mutations have been found in these latter genes for the French-Canadian family. We recently contacted the family and carried out detailed examinations, including a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electromyography (EMG). Neurological manifestations of affected individuals are consistent with a new form of pure autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, (ADCA type III in the classification of Harding) that we named SCA34. A whole genome scan allowed us to map the gene on chromosome 6p12.3-q16.2. Interestingly, in collaboration with Dr. Alexis Brice (Hôpital Pitié-La Salpêtrière, Paris), and Alfredo Brusco (San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy), we found that three additional European families with unexplained SCA were also linked to the SCA34 locus. Our laboratory has recently begun the search for mutations causing SCA34. The results of this screening of candidate genes are presented in Chapter 3 of this thesis.

Keyphrases: SCA34, autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, Erythrokeratodermia, linkage analysis, spinocerebellar ataxia, genetics
L'assiduité aux interventions psychosociales chez les personnes atteintes de troubles psychotiques

Abstract Aims : This report suggest investigating the compliance in the psychosocial treatment among persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorder by answering three questions : 1- What are factors influencing compliance in the psychosocial treatment among persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorder? 2- Are they comparable to factors influencing compliance with pharmacological treatment? 3- What is the dropout rate of the psychosocial treatment and which are the factors which make vary this rate? Methods : A systematic review allowed to make the synthesis of factors influencing the compliance in the medication from the systematic reviews published on the subject and to establish factors influencing the compliance in the psychosocial treatment from the reasons of drop-out specified in the published randomized clinical trials. A meta-analysis allowed to combine clinical trials reporting drop-out and so to establish a rate. Results : We listed 92 clinical trials randomized on the psychosocial treatment among persons suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorder , of this number 43 allowed to list the reasons of drop-out. The reasons of drop-out turn out mainly related to the disease and related to the accessibility, the continuity and the quality of the care and the services. A 13 % dropout rate was obtained from the aggregation of 74 studies in the meta-analysis. Factors making vary this rate were identified. Conclusions: Several factors which influence the compliance in the psychosocial treatment among persons suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders are identified. Furthermore, the low drop-out rate calculated demonstrates well the clinical feasibility of this type of treatment. Being added to the efficiency already well demonstrated by certain psychosocial modalities of treatnebt, the compliance rate in these same modalities establishes an additional argument to assure the availability among persons suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Keyphrases: schizophrenia spectrum disorders, pharmacological treatment, psychosocial treatment, compliance
Élaboration d’un bioessai à haut débit pour la découverte de nouveaux ligands
péptidiques chez les végétaux

The complete sequence of the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana was achieved in year 2000 and has resulted in the prediction of more than 400 receptor serine/threonine kinase or Plant Receptor Kinase (PRK). Despite this tremendous work, only seven pairs of ligand/receptor have been characterized through conventional techniques such as mutant analysis and biochemical characterization. These receptors have been found to play an important role in plant defense (SP160), development (BRI1, CLV1) and sporophytic autoincompatibility (SRK). The aim of the project was to develop a high throughput bioassay in order to find new ligands for known receptors. In order to do so, the bioassay will use chimeric protein technology, by fusing the ectodomain of a receptor to a known endodomaine. The latter will play the role of a reporter. Two strategies were developed in our laboratory and are being tested. The first strategy is to fuse the ectodomain of an unknown PRK to the phylogeneticaly unrelated kinase domain of the animal Epidermal Grown Factor Receptor (EGFR). When tested with a crude protein extract containing the specific ligand of the unknown PRK, a transphosphorylation should occur and be detected. The second strategy will use the endodomain of BRI1 as a reporter, a receptor responding to the brassinosteroid phytohormone, which will relay the message to a second construct used as a reporter gene once the ligand has bound the PRK ectodomain fused to the BRI1 endodomain.

Keyphrases: EGFR, Receptor kinase, BRI1, chimeric proteins, protein expression, ligand-receptor interaction
"Staying Alive" while "Living the Life" : conceptualizations of risk among homeless youth

The goal of this dissertation is to understand conceptualizations of risk among homeless youth.  In particular, it strived to examine an identified "at-risk" group's understanding of risk.  Risk in this study encompassed all notions of risk, and was not limited to a narrow definition of perceived harm, but also embraced references of opportunities or chances taken.  In this light, this study employed an ethnographic approach to better understand the worlds of homeless youth, relying on participant observation and informal interviewing methods.  This ontological approach hoped to capture how youth conceptualize their personal power in estimating, managing, and avoiding or embracing risk.  Coupling social constructionism with symbolic interactionism, this study explored participant's understandings of risk in the contexts in which they found and understood themselves.  Participant's evolving identities greatly impacted their perceptions of risk and subsequently, their management strategies.  Utilizing a longitudinal perspective (one to two years) and building relationships with participants allowed for an unfolding of their unique frames of reference and their local knowledges.    One of the goals of this study was to disembody grand socio-cultural theories of risk, such as: the risk society, cultural/symbolic, and governmentality approaches, to uncover their cogency for an identified "at-risk" group.  Exploring the phenomenological meanings of participant's individual experiences of risk in an identified risk-laden group revealed the heterogeneity of their experiences and understandings.  Indeed, this dissertation argues that a sociology of risk has largely subsumed a sociology of victimization and deviance in regards to homeless youth.  A sociology of risk has supplanted these earlier underpinnings and rests on this binary of victimization and deviancy to push for intervention and regulation (i.e. normalization) and endorses a "safety at all cost" approach, ignoring the wide array of youth's experiences.  However, the insidious risk discourses that are so pervasive in the literature on homeless youth are not deconstructed for the meanings that are imbued, and are presented in a de-contextualized, rational, apolitical fashion; presented in a manner that seems indisputable, as they are nestled in expert logic.  This study attempted to re-contextualize conceptualizations of risk by deconstructing such meanings and giving voice to the complexity of youth's experiences that are too frequently portrayed as homogenously victimizing or deviant.       Keywords: homeless youth, street youth, risk, at-risk, victimization, deviance, identity.

Keyphrases: Homeless youth, Street youth, Risk, Victimization, At-risk, Deviance, Identity
Le Louvre des Sables : le dossier Abou Dhabi

An intergovernmental agreement signed on March 6, 2007 provided for France’s support for the establishment of the first universal survey museum outside the Western world, in Abu Dhabi. It sparked a fierce debate over such issues as political interference in the museum’s affairs and the commercialization of the “Louvre” brand and of the works that are part of France’s national heritage. By examining the main points raised by critics, this thesis analyzes the social role historically played by the Louvre, the concept of national heritage and its current relevance, given the cosmopolitan nature of contemporary society and the phenomena of pluralism and globalization. It studies the museum’s financial resources, its methods of generating the funds to balance its budget and France’s desire to assert its presence, its dominance even, in an increasingly universal world culture, in order to make its national museums profitable. The notion of physical integrity versus the intangible transmission of the collective heritage is also addressed, while the principle of the inalienability of public collections is questioned somewhat in view of recent political developments. The agreement demonstrates an adaptation of the activities of a national museum faced with growing financial needs due to the pressures of the international art market and the realities of global business. It illustrates the dichotomy between the practical demands of the museum’s political and economic situation, and its more theoretical and intangible mission of preservation and research. It shows that the museum’s symbolic capital is also becoming a form of financial capital.

Keyphrases: Louvre Abou Dhabi, Museum branding, Louvre Abu Dhabi, National heritage, Globalization, Museum branding, Inalienability
L'influence des traumas psychologiques sur l'intervention en toxicomanie

It is possible that the substance abuse disorder for which a person consults is associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Several authors believe that there is a link explaining this co-morbidity. For this reason, several hypotheses have been formulated to explain this link as the substance abuse disorder (SUD) prior to PTSD, vulnerability following the SUD and selfmedication. Moreover, research shows the various interventions to help people struggling with these twin problems. The first is to separate the two issues while the second includes PTSD and the SUD. Research advice a more integrated treatment, there will be a presentation of one of these forms of treatment called "Seeking Safety". The academic component of our apprenticeship was to understand the link between the SUD, psychological trauma and PTSD and the various forms of interventions to help people with this co-morbidity. We used a module of "Seeking Safety" recently translated in French to ensure its implementation and its assessment from five users of the Centre Dollar-Cormier-Institut universitaire sur les dépendances who experienced trauma in their lives. In conclusion of the study, it is clearly shown that different assumptions are present in the reality of people with PTSD and SUD and an integrated response has positives for both the user and for the speaker.

Keyphrases: Posttraumatic stress disorder, Substance use disorder, integrated treatment, Seeking Safety
Subversión discursiva y sexual en La Virgen de los sicarios de Fernando Vallejo

In Colombia it can be found a network of discourse patterns that seeks to control the discursive production on sex and to restrain the sexuality of the Colombian people. La Virgen de los sicarios by Fernando Vallejo (1994) responds subversively to such discursive and sexual conditioning. The discursive production on sexuality in Colombia has been mainly created and influenced by the Catholic tradition, discourses originating with the State and scientific texts. As a result, sexual attitudes which are not consider as normal by institutional discourse are subjugated to a power that places them in an abominable place in what could be called the Colombian sexual order. La Virgen de los sicarios comes from Colombia’s queer literature, presenting a story that is both discursively and sexually subversive. This thesis first seeks to describe the inevitable presence of the religious speech in Colombia and its strong relation with the State in order to prove the existence of a discursive norm. Second, by analyzing Vallejo’s narrative in the novel, it shows how this norm is subverted by using its own ideological guidelines to weaken it. Finally, using various concepts developed by Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, it exposes the existence of a sexual norm in Colombia that is present in discourses and that extends to bodies. This Norm is disproved through a process in which the author releases the sexuality of the characters from the power that dominates their bodies.

Keyphrases: Violence, Fernando Vallejo, Colombia, Sexuality, discursive norm, sexual norm, Catholic church, State, Biopower, Violence, Fernando Vallejo
Erreurs arithmétiques des élèves et interventions de l'enseignant débutant : une analyse didactique en termes de schèmes

Rooted in the Didactic of Mathematics’ field, this thesis looks into the practice of three new teachers. Free from the constraints and pressures associated with the teacher training context, these subjects take on a new role in their first year on the job. Among all of the affiliated responsibilities are those related to the teaching of arithmetic and, more specifically, the long division algorithm. “Le travail de l’erreur” is the expression used by Portugais (1995) to design error management by the teacher.  It includes the diagnosis of errors and the strategies unfurled to help the pupil remedy his/her mistakes. This double task is the object of this study.   Combining research methods of observation and interview, we aim to describe error management in a regular elementary class setting. We delineate situations where our subjects identify and intervene on errors made by students during the arithmetic procedure. We examine how these two activities are coordinated, by documenting the novice teachers choices, decisions and actions. We focus on the organization of their conduct throughout the different situations.   A theoretical framework based on the “conceptual field theory” or “théorie des champs conceptuels” (Vergnaud, 1991) enables us to reveal the implicit teaching knowledge comprised in the behavior adopted by the young professionals. This analysis reveals the dynamics of piagetian assimilation/ accommodation mechanisms. It also gives us evidence of the conceptualizing process underlying teacher conduct. We utilize the concept of “scheme” to better understand this cognitive activity. We propose the existence of  “le schème du travail de l’erreur” and aim to specify his nature and function. This allows us to describe the conceptual structure, which shapes and organizes the novice’s ability to manage errors in their pupil’s calculation of written divisions.

Keyphrases: Erreur, Division, Cognition, Schème, Didactic, Mathematics, New teachers, Arithmetic, Error, Division, Cognition, Scheme, Pupil