NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'expérience subjective des mères d'adolescentes souffrant d'anorexie mentale : une étude exploratoire

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder that is a major problem in Western societies (American Psychiatric Association, 2015) where its seriousness seems neglected, given the sociocultural value of thinness among women (Maor & Cwikel, 2016). The recovery of the affected person requires the involvement of the entire family (Whitney & Eisler, 2005) and results in a pronounced stress and burden for the relatives of a teenage girl with AN, through the stigma and complications associated with the disease (Anastasiadou & al., 2014; Fox & al., 2017). A few studies indicate that mothers are particularly vulnerable to the impact of the disorder, taking into account specificities related to their roles as mother and woman (Bezance & Holliday, 2014; Hoskins & Lam, 2001; Tuval-Mashiach & al., 2014). However, the synthesis of the results of these studies is limited by their varied research designs and heterogeneous samples. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore, describe and interpret the subjective experience of mothers in adapting to the AN of their teenage girl in Quebec, while specifying how they make sense of their cognitive, affective, behavioural and social reality within the sociocultural context in which they live. In order to provide an in-depth understanding of these women’s experience, a qualitative approach, with an interpretative phenomenological analysis under a constructivist paradigm, was adopted (Smith & al., 2009). The results reveal a central role played by the participants near their daughter with AN, in which they experience selfsacrifice. These mothers live a psychoemotional burden including constant preoccupations and emotions of fear, guilt, helplessness, sadness, anger and loneliness. They also live notorious issues of individual and interpersonal boundaries in close relationship with their daughter. The experience marks a turning point for them in the longer term, such as through a personal growth and significant changes in their mother-daughter relationship. Following their experience, where many lacked support, they would like to help another parent who is affected by a similar reality. The difficulties and needs identified by these mothers direct towards adapted services that could be beneficial to them.

Keyphrases: Affect, Relation, Anorexia nervosa, Eating disorder, Mother, Relative, Daughter, Teenage girl, Experience, Affect, Relationship, Interpretative phenomenological analysis
La maltraitance précoce est-elle un facteur de risque du trouble de la personnalité limite? : une recension systématique des études prospectives

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a clinical condition associated with enormous individual and collective burdens. Therefore, it is imperative to identify its causes and warning signs. Several etiological theories have proposed hypotheses regarding the impact of early traumatic experiences on BPD development. In fact, claiming that child maltreatment is a risk factor for BPD has become a received idea among many researchers and practitioners in psychology. Since the majority of available studies are retrospective in nature, there is few reliable empirical evidence regarding the impact of child maltreatment. However, the confirmation of a prior relationship between early maltreatment and subsequent BPD requires prospective longitudinal data. In order to determine if early maltreatment is a risk factor contributing to BPD development, a systematic review of prospective studies was conducted. Following searches in five electronic databases, 22 articles that examined the relationship between child maltreatment (i.e., physical, sexual and emotional abuse ; physical and emotional neglect) and BPD (i.e., diagnosis, severity score, related personality traits score) were selected. Overall, the results partly confirm the hypothesis that early maltreatment is a risk factor for BPD. Evidence for a prospective relationship between child maltreatment and BPD is more common when a symptom scale is used compared to a categorical diagnosis. Given the diversity of the results and the small number of studies associated with certain maltreatment subtypes (i.e., emotional abuse, physical and emotional neglect), the narrative synthesis does not support differential relationships between maltreatment subtypes and BPD. Besides, current prospective studies do not meet all the criteria for inferring the causality of the relationship between child maltreatment and BPD. The etiological theories of BPD and the limitations of the prospective studies are discussed. Practical implications and recommendations for future studies are proposed, such as the improvement of maltreatment measures and the formal assessment of indirect relationships between child maltreatment and BPD. New prospective studies considering the parameters and developmental periods of maltreatment are required.

Keyphrases: Child maltreatment, Borderline personality disorder, Personality traits, Risk factor, Systematic review, Prospective studies, Clinical psychology
Leisure practice and its relations to cognitive vitality for seniors attending community organizations

The purpose of this study was to explore the relations between certain dimensions of leisure practice and cognitive vitality in seniors and identify which of their sociodemographic and health characteristics (SHC) are related to leisure practice. A cross-sectional analysis of leisure practice, cognitive performance, self-perceived memory and SHC was performed among 294 French-speaking Canadian seniors attending community centres (255 women, average age: 71), by multiple linear regressions and partial correlations controlled for SHC. Outcomes from the project show that the diversity of leisure was related to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the California Verbal Learning Test, the frequency of cognitive leisure was associated to the Stroop Test, and the frequency of social leisure showed no significant association. “Paper and pencil games”, “computer use” and “helping a sibling” were related to various cognitive tests. Frequency of leisure (total) was related to gender and education, and diversity of leisure was related to education, age and depression. Study outcomes indicate that diversity of leisure was more related to cognitive vitality than frequency. Future studies should address leisure diversity as a way to promote cognitive vitality among seniors. Moreover, seniors’ characteristics should be considered when seeking to facilitate their participation in leisure activities.

Keyphrases: Leisure, Variety, Diversity, Seniors, Cognition, Promotion, Community organization, Vitality, Frequency, Cognition, Promotion
Analyse des cyberincivilités adressées aux comptes policiers canadiens sur Twitter en 2020

The development and democratization of new technologies bring several changes for the police. With hundreds of millions of subscribers, Twitter is one of the most popular social networking sites and is also the most used platform by law enforcement agencies trying to revitalize community policing (Bullock, 2017). The integration of social media into police communications is presented by several researchers as a way to improve the relationship between the police and the community which is fraught with tension, especially with marginalized people who are often victims of police violence due to the discriminatory practices. By their presence on digital platforms like Twitter and the new police visibility of the digital age, the police services are the target of numerous uncivil behaviors such as insults, which suggests that users are rather dissatisfied with the work of the police. This dissatisfaction translates into a real culture of protest, social movements like the Black Lives Matter and activism on the social media. While police use of social media is widely studied in the literature, very little study discusses how citizens communicate with police on digital platforms, let alone when they do so antagonistically. This study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by analyzing the antagonistic content posted by users on the Twitter accounts of Canadian police services. The data used in this study are all public tweets containing incivility and addressed to selected police accounts in Canada. Our sample covers a total of 14,675 tweets, collected between May 28th and July 31st, 2020. The results show that the majority of tweets sent to the police are negative, which means that the tensions between them and the community were high during the study period and that users were rather dissatisfied with the police. In addition, our results show that some police forces are more insulted than others, such as the West Vancouver Police, the Toronto Police and the RCMP. Furthermore, the main targets in the tweets are the police and public figures like Justin Trudeau and François Legault. Several themes emerge from this study such as police brutality, politics and the coronavirus for example. In addition, the most popular hashtags by users are #DefundThePolice, #BlackLivesMatter, and #FuckThePolice. Finally, the ten most uncivil users all act anonymously on the platform and have few subscribers. Moreover, half of them have suspended or disactivated accounts.

Keyphrases: Twitter, Police, Insults, Police brutality
Réinsertion sociale des hommes ayant commis un délit sexuel : la stigmatisation comme un enjeu à considérer

The sex offender label is one of the most stigmatized labels of modern times, making the stigma associated with having committed a sexual offense one of the biggest barriers to positive social reintegration (Tewksbury, 2012). On their return to society, men who have committed a sexual offense (MCSO) indeed face several challenges related to stigma. In order to protect their identity and deal with the challenges they face, there are a number of strategies that MSCO may adopt, some of which are not constructive and may even increase the risk of recidivism (Mingus & Burchfield, 2012). It is therefore essential to consider how the stigma influences the MSCO in their attempt to reintegrate into society. However, the review of the programs and interventions offered to this group by the various organizations in Quebec shows that they do not seem to directly address stigma. In an exploratory framework, this project therefore aims to probe the experience of MSCO in halfway houses in relation to the stigma associated with their type of offense. The analysis of the interviews carried out with five residents staying in a halfway house for having committed a sexual offense shows that the interviewees live in a restrictive and complex environment when they return to the community, but that they nevertheless benefit from various forms of help. However, the stigma seems particularly present among the residents encountered. Although this stems in part from legal and relational aspects, it can be seen that it mainly stems from the internalization of the sex offender label. We also note that the residents we met use strategies to detach themselves from the latter, which, however, are not harmful. Considering these results, the project ultimately aims to formulate recommendations for practice, in particular concerning elements that can be added to the clinical follow-up offered by the halfway house.

Keyphrases: Stigma, Label, Sexual offense, Halfway house, Return to community
Les effets émotionnels de la musique de fond sur l’attention sélective d’adultes

The daily activities can often be performed while listening to music, which could influence the ability to select relevant stimuli while ignoring distractors. Previous studies have established that music’s arousal (e.g., relaxing/stimulating) have the ability to modulate mood and affect the performance of cognitive tasks. The aim of this research was to explore the effect of relaxing and stimulating background music on selective attention. To this aim, 46 healthy adults performed a Stroop task in different sound environments: relaxing music, noise-matched relaxing music, stimulating music, noise-matched stimulating music, and silence. Results showed that response time for incongruent and congruent trials and the Stroop interference effect are similar across conditions. Interestingly, results revealed more error rate for congruent trials in noise-matched relaxing music as compared to relaxing music, and a similar tendency between noise-matched stimulating music and relaxing music. Taken together, these results suggest that silence and background music have similar effects on adult’s selective attention capacities, and noise seems to have a detrimental impact, specifically when the task is cognitively easier. In conclusion, the type of sound environment seems to be a factor that can affect cognitive tasks performance more than arousal.

Keyphrases: Inhibition, Selective attention, Stroop task, Background music, Musical emotions, Background noise, Arousal, Clinical neuropsychology
Les effets des interventions musicales sur le fonctionnement cognitif chez une population cérébrolésée : une revue systématique de la littérature

Acquired brain injury (ABI) whether it is a stroke or a traumatic brain injury (TBI), results in severe consequences for the affected individuals. The literature reveals, among other things, an alteration in cognition, including deficits in executive, attentional and memory functions. Visuospatial neglect is also frequently observed following a stroke. In order to stimulate these cognitive functions, musical interventions (MI) have been employed in the neurological rehabilitation of brain injured individuals. The aim of this systematic review is; 1) identify and synthesize findings regarding the effects of MI on cognition in an adult brain-injured population; 2) define the modalities and content of the music-based interventions used; 3) determine the relevance and adequacy of the psychometric tools administered regarding the assessed cognitive functions. Four computerized databases were surveyed. Experimental, quasi-experimental and within-subject studies with a sample of participants with stroke or moderate to severe TBI (subacute or chronic phase) were included. Any study providing MI and measuring its effect on cognition using psychometric tools was included. Fourteen studies were retained by the PRISMA method. The results show the efficiency of active musical interventions on executive functions (cognitive flexibility) and on visuospatial neglect. However, there is insufficient data to judge the effectiveness of musical interventions on attentional and memory functions. The heterogeneity of the modalities of dispensed MI hinders the formulation of recommendations. The definitions of the functions evaluated should be defined in-depth the choice of tools optimized, considering the ceiling and practice effects of practice and ceiling. These findings provide guidance for future research and contribute to the development of proposed interventions and neuropsychological tests for adults with acquired brain injury.

Keyphrases: Lésion cérébrale acquise, Traumatisme craniocérébral, Adultes, Acquired brain injury, Cerebrovascular accidents, Traumatic brain injury, Musical interventions, Music therapy, Cognition, Executive functions, Attentional functions, Memory functions, Visuospatial neglect, Adults, Clinical neuropsychology, Systematic review
TELEQ : création et pré-validation d'un test de compréhension de lecture pour les enfants québécois de niveau scolaire primaire

Context. In order to assess reading comprehension, clinicians have to rely on a limited number of tests, most of which are not adapted to the reality of Quebec, because most of them have been developped in Europe. Also, the majority of these tests only assess sentence comprehension and not text comprehension, not to mention that most of them do not meet psychometric standards and are not based on a theoretical model. Objectives. The aims of the present study were to develop and pre-validate a test that would address these shortcomings. The test Une bouteille à la mer was created (reading, recall, and question items) and its psychometric properties were measured (test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, internal consistency; degree of item difficulty; concurrent and criterion-related validity (grade level and performance in French)). Methodology. The test was administered twice to assess test-retest reliability. Two judges corrected the test to measure inter-rater reliability. The level of difficulty of each item was studied. Another reading comprehension test was administered to measure concurrent validity, and children's performance was analyzed according to their grade level and French score, thus measuring criterion-related validity. Results. A total of 58 Franco-Quebec children in grades 4 to 6 participated in the study. Regarding psychometric properties, correlation coefficients ranged from .74 to .86 for test-retest reliability and from .96 to .98 for inter-rater reliability, which are acceptable even excellent. Internal consistency was slightly above the expected threshold of .70. The questions varied in difficulty levels in all grade levels. The test Une bouteille à la mer and the other test assessing reading comprehension correlate with each other at a moderate degree. Children's performance tended to increase following their grade level and academic achievement in French, indicating good concurrent and criterion-related validity. Conclusion. In sum, Une bouteille à la mer test is promising given that it has globally satisfactory psychometric qualities.

Keyphrases: Reading comprehension, Psychometrics, Childhood, van Dijk and Kintsch
Le point de vue d’adolescents doués québécois sur leur vécu scolaire : une recherche descriptive interprétative

Over the last ten years, there has been increased awareness of the characteristics and educational needs of gifted students in Quebec. Because of the lack of empirical studies, very little is known about the perceptions and experience of gifted students regarding their schooling and how to support them to achieve their full potential at school. This research aims to better understand how gifted students view their schooling in Quebec, more specifically to: (1) describe how gifted students experience school, and (2) better understand what positively and negatively impact their experience. This is an interpretive descriptive research based on open-ended interviews with eight teenagers, aged between 12 and 18, who previously tested for giftedness and spent several years in the Quebec education system. Results show that their schooling experience is made up of nine dimensions: (1) relationship with teachers, (2) peer-to-peer relationship, (3) academic results, (4) school problems, (5) associated disorders, (6) flexibility and adaptation measures, (7) personal skills, (8) enriched academic programs, and (9) student mobility. Factors positively impacting gifted students’ views on schooling include giftedness testing, adaptation measures, medication for associated disorders, teachers’ perception and support, enriched academic programs and the level of involvement of students in school. Conversely, factors negatively impacting gifted students’ views on schooling include close-mindedness, negative perception from peers and teachers, boredom, repetition and isolation. Findings from this research are far from enough to gain a broad understanding of gifted students but still offer interesting insights into the reality of Quebec gifted students and on what can be done to support the growth and development of gifted children.

Keyphrases: gifted students, school experience, giftedness, talented children, point of view
Parcours d’étudiants racisés à l’université au Québec : le cas d’étudiants montréalais d’origine haïtienne

This thesis aims to analyze the postsecondary pathways of Montreal universities’ students of Haitian descent, who represent one of the groups that are most likely to drop out. Using a criticalinterpretative epistemological stance, we tried to identify the factors that may impede or facilitate their pathways. A framework combining the critical race theory and Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach allowed the examination of social relations of race and unequal power relations, and their influence on racialized students’ pathways. We first looked at the meaning Montreal students of Haitian descent gave to racializing situations in social and academic environments, as well as the way unequal power relations influence their experience. Then, we analyzed how conversion factors influenced the use of resources put at their disposal. Conversion factors inhibit or encourage the transformation of their characteristics into functionings, and can either be environmental, personal or social. The empirical material analyzed is based on 10 qualitative interviews conducted with five undergraduate students. The analysis of the data demonstrates that racialized students experience many forms of microaggressions and racialization during their pathways in the schools, cegeps and universities they attended. They use different strategies such as role flexing or creation of counterspaces to navigate the system better and to counter the feeling of alienation they sometimes feel. Social conversion factors occupy a central place in the analysis of ways of being and acting of our participants, compared to environmental and personal conversion factors. The recommendations that emanate from our analysis mainly relate to the importance of awareness raising among school and universities stakeholders as to racialized students’ realities, especially in terms of microaggressions and racializing situations.

Keyphrases: postsecondary pathways, immigrant background’ students, Haitian descent students, critical race theory, capabilities’ approach, social relations of race, power relations
Description de pratiques d’enseignement visant à former les élèves à l’utilisation du dictionnaire électronique en classe de français au secondaire

This research aims to better understand how some French secondary school teachers train their students to use the electronic dictionary in class by determining the knowledge and skills related to its use that are the subject of classroom teaching and by describing the practices related to the teaching of these dictionary skills. To achieve our goals, we conducted interviews with eight teachers, who also noted in a diary, for a month, the activities or interventions requiring the use of the electronic dictionary that they carried out in class. In the light of our data analysis, we drew a portrait of the teaching practices of each teacher, and a comparison of the similarities and differences between the portraits then enabled us to identify three distinct profiles of practices whose goal is to train students to use the electronic dictionary: 1) spontaneous teaching, focusing on a few elements related to its use, 2) teaching planned at the start of the year and spontaneous thereafter, focusing on a greater variety of elements and, finally, 3) regular planned teaching, which also incorporates a wide variety of elements related to the use of the electronic dictionary, but which also includes knowledge that relates specifically to the use of the electronic format. Our study shows that the integration of a tool such as the electronic dictionary into teaching practices is a long and complex process, and that the wealth of dictionaries made available to teachers does not guarantee richer or better teaching. As such, we believe that training on the use of electronic dictionary could be useful for practicing teachers as well as future teachers, because it would allow them to become more familiar with its use in a personal capacity first, and then for educational purposes.

Keyphrases: electronic dictionary, teaching practices, dictionary skills, French didactics, ICT integration in education