NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Amélioration des connaissances sur la douleur intermittente et constante chez les personnes atteintes de l’arthrose du genou
Examen de l’étendue des connaissances, Étude transversale

Objectives: 1) To present a portrait of intermittent and constant pain in people with knee OA through the comprehension of their associated pain and patient characteristics and their physical function, 2) to identify personal, physical, psychological, pain and nervous system factors related to intermittent, constant and mixed pain patterns (periods of both intermittent and constant pain) in adults with knee OA. Methods: To answer our first objective, we conducted a scoping review with the framework recommended by Arksey and O’Malley and elaborated on by Levac, Colquhoun and O’Brien, based on a search strategy using multiple databases from inception until October 2018. Our analysis was established with articles that respected our inclusion criteria. To achieve our second objective, we conducted a cross-sectional study where 35 variables (questionnaires and physical and psychophysical tests) where evaluated on a sample of 297 participants with knee OA.   Results: Four articles reporting content regarding intermittent and constant pain in people with knee OA were included for the final review. The review revealed that there was a limitation in daily activities, a higher Kellgren-Lawrence grade, a higher prevalence of comorbidities, symptomatic knee OA and depressive symptoms in people with constant pain. Reports of limitations on high impact activities and a greater time spent in moderate activities was related to intermittent pain. Our cross-sectional study included 279 participants, 58.6% female, average age of 63.8 years (SD=9.6), and average BMI of 31.5 kg/m2 (SD=8.7). Increased age, Odds Ratio (OR) 0.95 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.90, 1.00) and higher self-reported function OR CI 0.94 (0.91, 0.98) were associated with a lower likelihood of having mixed pain compared to intermittent pain. An increase in pain intensity OR 1.25 CI (1.07, 1.47) was related to a 25% higher likelihood of mixed pain compared to intermittent pain. Women were 71% less likely than men to have constant pain compared to intermittent pain OR 0.29 CI (0.11, 0.75). Conclusion: Multiple factors associated with the different pain patterns in people with knee OA are important for physiotherapists and health practitioners to consider when treating this population. The understanding of these factors may help in pain management and the control of disease progression.

Keyphrases: Pain, Knee, Osteoarthrosis, Intermittent, Constant, Factors, Physical, Psychological
Amélioration de la qualité et de l’équité de l’enseignement primaire et secondaire aux Seychelles : entre l’engagement politique et les défis.

This exploratory research on socio-economic equity of educational comfort aims to understand the problem related to the low performance of the Seychelles educational system. It emphasizes the fairness of the system based on the academic performance of students in primary and secondary schools in Seychelles. The aim is to assess the socio-economic equity of educational comfort in the Seychelles. Thus, from a corpus of 74 texts comprised mainly of ministerial reports, we carried out a documentary analysis (Cellard, 1997; Gauthier, 2009; Poupart et al., 1997) which made it possible to identify some characteristics of the situation regarding schools in Seychelles in relation to the implementation of equity. An analysis of the quantity and quality of teachers, of the pedagogical strategies deployed in the classroom and how students are being assessed shows that the Seychelles education system still has a few milestones to cover adequately the expectations in terms of socio-economic equity of pedagogical comfort, considered from the angle of the conceptualization of Sall and De Ketele (1997). This major finding in regards to the general weakness of the Seychelles education system in relation to this form of equity led us to make various recommendations both towards the school administrators who should readjust policies in place based on equity, also the teaching staff, including their education trainer, who are called upon to translate equity in their classrooms and the way they interact with their students. As we will see, this requires applying differentiation techniques to support and accompany the students according to their learning needs, and also it involves that teachers regulate and continuously adjust their teaching and evaluation strategies to align with a standard of social justice.

Keyphrases: Justice, Seychelles, Documentary analysis, Equality, Equity, system evaluation, School performance, Exploratory research
Utilisation d’une approche écologique pour l’analyse des résultats d'évaluations standardisées : cas des performances en lecture aux tests PASEC2014-Cameroun

The purpose of this study is to support the use of an ecological approach for the analysis of standardized data assessment. This study is implimented by Latent Classes Analysis (ACL) with covariables on the test reading data of the « Programme d’Analyse des Systèmes Éducatifs de la CONFEMEN » (PASEC) french-speaking students of 6th grade primary school in Cameroon (N = 617) and shows how this approach can change the way we interpret the results of this study.  Indeed, Standardized Large Scale Assessments (ELE) programs aim to appraise the learning and skills of individuals and provide decision support data in many countries (Hogan, 2017 ; Loye, 2011; Wagemaker, 2014). In the context of these ELEs, performance is estimated solely based on the responses provided by the candidates and therefore of their cognitive abilities (Zumbo et al, 2015). Yet a growing body of research suggests viewing test performance as a phenomenon that occurs in an interconnected network of knowledge, individual characteristics, and particular contexts (McNamara, 2007 ; McNamara and Roever, 2006 ; Mislevy, 2018 ; Zumbo et al. , 2015). The ecological approach, which is part of this perspective, is interested in the contextual, social and cultural hypotheses when estimating the performance of a test (McNamara and Roever, 2006 ; McNamara, 2007 ; Zumbo et al, 2015). Our results highlight reading performance ecologies that vary by region. In each of these ecologies, the reading performance profiles that emerge depend on the characteristics of the students and the characteristics of the school and out-of-school environments in which they operate. We therefore put the emphasis on the situated character of the performances on a test allowing a fairer reading of the performances of the different candidates. In doing so, we formulate recommendations that take into account the contextual realities of applicants, unlike the standard recommendations often made following ELE results.

Keyphrases: Test, Performance, International Large-Scale Assessment, Test, Performance, Ecological approach, Latent Class Analysis
Association entre le mode d’accouchement et la transmission verticale du virus du papillome humain

Background: The literature suggests that human papillomavirus (HPV) can be transmitted vertically. However, the exact mechanism of vertical transmission remains unknown and the data do not allow us to know to what extent vertical transmission is affected by the mode of delivery. The aim of the study was to measure the association between mode of delivery and the detection of HPV DNA in infants.  Method: We used data from 1052 pregnant women from the HERITAGE cohort. Self-collected vaginal samples were obtained from mothers during pregnancy, and specimens from the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, eyes and anogenital region were collected from infants at birth and at 3 months. We included 282 women who had both positive HPV tests in the first and third trimester of pregnancy. All samples were analyzed for detection of HPV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with the Linear ArrayTM assay. Information about the delivery was collected from medical records. The association between the mode of delivery and HPV detection in infants was measured using logistic regressions.  Results: The probability of transmission of HPV was 8.9% (25/282); 3.7% (3/81) for caesarean sections and 10.9% (22/201) for vaginal deliveries. In 21 of 25 HPV positive infants (84%), there was at least one genotype concordant with their mother, and all were born vaginally. A significant increase in the risk of transmission of HPV was observed for vaginal delivery, compared to caesarean section (adjusted OR: 3.63, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.03-12.82). We found no significant increase in the risk of HPV transmission for caesarean section following rupture of membranes, compared to caesarean section with intact membranes (adjusted OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.10-17.76). There was no association between the time between rupture of membranes and birth (in continuous hours) and the risk of vertical transmission (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.97-1.02).  Conclusion: Caesarean delivery is associated with a significantly lower risk of HPV vertical transmission. Vertical transmission is thought to occur mainly during passage through the vaginal canal, because very few infants born by caesarean section have been infected with HPV. Since rupture of membranes before caesarean section and the time between ruptured membranes and birth have not been associated with a higher risk of HPV transmission, our results suggest that transmission by ascending infection after rupture of membranes is unlikely.

Keyphrases: Human papillomavirus (HPV), Vertical transmission, Pregnancy, Mode of delivery, Vaginal delivery, Caesarean section
L'utilisation des soins prénataux chez les migrants sans assurance maladie à Montréal

Objective: Previous research has identified poor prenatal care use among uninsured migrants in Canada, however, the factors influencing this usage remain largely unexplored. The study objective was to quantify the use of prenatal care among this group and to identify the barriers and facilitating factors to prenatal care use.  Methods: A cross-sectional survey of uninsured migrants in Montreal, Canada was carried out between January 2016 and August 2017. Participants were recruited from a local volunteer clinic and from the community using venue-based and snowball sampling. Outcome measures included prenatal care use, prenatal care initiation, and prenatal care adequacy. Regression analysis identified barriers and facilitating factors to prenatal care use.  Results: 125 previous pregnancies in Canada were identified among 101 women. 65.0% of pregnancies involved prenatal care use and 44.6% involved an early initiation of care. Among the 62 pregnancies carried to term, 29.5% received adequate prenatal care. Women ≥35 years of age (OR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.54, p=0.01), between the ages of 18-24 (OR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.09-0.99, p=0.049), and those who did not know where to consult (OR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06-0.99, p=0.049) were significantly less likely (p<0.05) to use prenatal care. Women aged 30-34 (OR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10-0.72, p=0.01) were significantly less likely (p<0.05) to initiate prenatal care early. In contrast, women who were married or in common-law relationships (OR 3.16, 95% CI: 1.04-9.62, p=0.04) were significantly more likely (p<0.05) to initiate prenatal care early.  Conclusion: Our study found that prenatal care use among uninsured migrants was very poor. Factors influencing prenatal care use were varied and related to demographics, social network, and migration. Future policy should aim to improve access to prenatal care among this vulnerable population.

Keyphrases: medically uninsured, prenatal care, migrant health, pregnancy, precarious status, healthcare use
Les prédicteurs de saignements majeurs parmi des utilisateurs d'anticoagulants oraux ayant une fibrillation auriculaire

Background: The real-world predictors of major bleeding (MB) and its subtypes has not been well-studied in a population of oral anticoagulant (OAC) users diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) that includes direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) users.   Objectives: To derive prediction models for MB and its most prevalent subtypes from a dataset of new users of all approved OACs with AF.   Methods: We identified patients who were hospitalized and discharged in the community from January 2011 to December 2017 with a primary and secondary diagnosis of AF using the Med-Echo hospitalization database and the RAMQ administrative databases. From this subset, we identified new users of OACs, after which we categorized patients according to OAC type and dose. Cohort entry was defined as the first claim of OAC in the study period, while new users were defined by the absence of any OAC claim one year before cohort entry. We identified incident MB, gastrointestinal (GIB), non-GI extracranial bleeding (NGIB) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) within 1 year of follow-up. We used logistic-LASSO and logistic-adaptive LASSO regressions to identify MB predictors in this population from the following candidate predictors: age, sex, comorbidities (within 3 years before cohort entry), concomitant medication (within 2 weeks before cohort entry). Discrimination and calibration were assessed so that the best model could be selected. Subgroup analyses were performed for MB subtypes and OAC types.  Results: Our cohort consisted of 36,381 oral anticoagulant new users aged 70-86 years old. The important MB predictors were age, prior MB and liver disease with ORs ranging from 1.37-1.64 for the model derived from the full cohort. It had a c-statistic of 0.63 (95% CI 0.60-0.65) with adequate calibration and similar c-statistics for GIB and NGIB. Except for a few important predictors, such as age and prior MB, most selected GIB predictors were distinct from those of NGIB in the full cohort. Lastly, MB predictors had similar trends for warfarin and DOACs. Conclusions: MB and MB subtype predictors were similar among DOAC and warfarin users. The predictors selected by our models and their discriminative potential are concordant with published data.

Keyphrases: Anticoagulant oral, Oral anticoagulant, Atrial fibrillation, Bleeding, Pharmacoepidemiology
Optimizing doxorubicin-G-CSF chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer

Cytotoxic chemotherapy continues to be a first-line treatment option for the majority of cancers. A major side effect in chemotherapy regimens is neutropenia. Prophylactic therapy with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), an endogenous cytokine responsible for regulating neutrophil production, is administered concomitantly; the exact timing of the combination chemotherapy and G-CSF is crucial for achieving treatment results. Leveraging on previous work that optimized treatment regimens based on G-CSF timing, we developed a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) framework to study dose frequency and intensity of chemotherapy in order to maximize anti-tumor effects while minimizing neutropenia. In this work, we performed an optimization across a wide range of cycle lengths and dose sizes to identify the best cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens with G-CSF support. Our results suggest that doxorubicin 45mg/BSA every 14 days, has a positive impact on tumour growth control, and that to minimize the risk of neutropenia and the burden to patients it is best to delay the administration of G-CSF to day seven after chemotherapy and give fewer doses . This study suggests possible avenues for optimal chemotherapy regimens with prophylactic support of G-CSF in the context of Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Keyphrases: G-CSF, Cytotoxic chemotherapy, TNBC, Mathematical modeling, Neutropenia, Tumor growth
Développement de timbres de microaiguilles polymériques superabsorbantes pour le prélèvement indolore de liquide interstitiel dermique

Nowadays, interstitial fluid is considered a valid alternative for blood analysis and biomarker monitoring. However, its composition is scarcely described in the literature. Notably located in the skin, its collection remains a challenge as current methods are time-consuming, painful and the extracted volume limits subsequent analysis. Here we put forward the use of superabsorbant hydrogel-based microneedle patches to enable a painless, rapid and efficient sampling of dermal interstitial fluid.   A first kind of microneedle patch was obtained using UV-curing, a rapid fabrication process. This type of microneedle patch enables the collection of a high volume of liquid and can therefore be utilized for subsequent proteomic, metabolomic and lipidomic analyses of the dermal interstitial fluid that had been extracted in a painless fashion.  The second class of microneedle patch developed was fabricated from superabsorbant polymers using heating. Although time consuming, this process produced hydrogel-based microneedle patches that could be functionalized for the in situ detection of specific biomarkers in the dermal interstitial fluid.   In fine, the aforementioned microneedle patches have the potential to broaden our understanding of the interstitial fluid composition, as well as be integrated in novel portable biosensing devices for a rapid and painless diagnosis, or for the monitoring of certain medical conditions. For example, quantifying the NT-proBNP biomarker in the dermal interstitial fluid could significantly improve the quality of life of heart failure patients.

Keyphrases: NT-proBNP, microneedle patch, superabsorbant hydrogel, interstitial fluid, proteomics, biomarker, heart failure, NT-proBNP
Étude des effets anti-athérosclérotiques d’analogues aza-GHRP-6 en tant que ligands du récepteur CD36 chez un modèle murin déficient en apolipoprotéine E

Atherosclerosis is an important risk factor for the development of ischemic heart disease. This pathology is characterized by the formation of lipid plaques in the intima of the blood vessels. The receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is involved in the internalization and retention of lipoproteins within macrophages that will become foam cells, which induce the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Our hypothesis is that azapeptides, derived from growth hormone release peptide-6 (GHRP-6), will interfere with the internalization of lipoproteins by macrophages and thereby reduce the progression of lesions. We used apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoe-/-) which were treated daily with a subcutaneous injection of 300 nmol / kg of MPE-001 or MPE-003. The effects of azapeptides were studied under two diets regimen, the mice were either maintained under a diet enriched in fat and cholesterol (HFHC) for the duration of the study or were given a HFHC diet followed by a normal diet during the treatment period. Our results show that azapeptides reduced the progression of lesions at different aortic and arterial sites and induced their regression in the aortic sinuses of the heart. These effects have been associated with a decrease in pro-inflammatory mediators in plasma and an increase in markers characteristic of anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). Our work has shown that the atheroprotective effect of azapeptides depends on the presence of the CD36 receptor. These results support the development of selective ligands for the CD36 receptor in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Keyphrases: CD36, azapeptides, macrophage, Atherosclerosis
La décroissance appliquée à la musique des jeux vidéo

My thesis consists on confronting video-game music with a case of systemic collapse or economical degrowth. Regarding these environmental and societal problematics, I’ll suggest ideas concerning the way we could look at the future of video-games, by thinking on the form the medium and its music could take in a context that we often fail to contemplate. How can creativity still emerge in a world where common society’s indicators will most likely be totally different from what they are today? Could we find ways for video-games and video-game music to be as interesting and inspiring as it is today in a context of economical degrowth? Those are problematics that I’ll specifically address in my thesis, by trying to find an approach and potential answers that suits a realistic future state of the world.

Keyphrases: environment, greenhouse gas emissions, technology, video-games and climate, systemic collapse, ecological issues, economical growth, degrowth, video-game industry, game music, digital temperance
L’influence des éléments de la musique populaire brésilienne dans mon esthétique musicale

This dissertation will discuss the importance as well as problematize the insertion of elements from Brazilian popular music in the context of contemporary concert music composition. As the history of music can confirm by its great icons, the identification of a nation with its own culture though musical form is very important, especially in the field of composition. This research thus seeks to find elements that represent the essence of the Brazilian music language in its different styles and to determine how to apply them in a new aesthetic context – namely, contemporary composition – without losing their connection to tradition and while remaining recognizable to the listener.

Keyphrases: Composition, Folklore, Langage musical, Composition, Brazil, Folklore, Popular music, Contemporary music, Musical language, Musical essence
Vers une typologie du premier mouvement de sonate chez Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) : une analyse des 52 premiers mouvements Hob. XVI

Although there is a vast musicological literature on Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), none includes an exhaustive study of all his keyboard sonatas, including the first works composed in the 1750s. The present research aims to fill this gap through an analysis of the 52 first movements of the keyboard sonatas Hoboken (Hob.) XVI. This study constitutes a first step towards a typology of Haydn’s sonata first movement, thereby making it possible to look at the evolution of the sonata form, under development throughout the composer's creative life. Initially, a first series of Caplinian analysis allows an overview of the different forms that make up the corpus under study in order to identify certain specific procedures, namely the use of formal techniques for thematic development purposes as well as the marked use of formal and functional ambiguities. Secondly, an analysis of the arrangement of the material suggests the conception of the sonata form’s first movement to be based on the thematic development of a reduced number of ideas, the repetition of which is compensated for by several processes, the main ones of which are structural variation in the recapitulation section as well as the use of various formal functions for each iteration. Taken as a whole, these analysis show that the 52 first movements Hob. XVI are linked by the expression of a certain unpredictability caused specifically by thematic restatement and the use of various formal functions.

Keyphrases: Joseph Haydn, Hob. XVI, Formal functions, Structural framing, Sonata form