NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
De l'original au remake : l'évolution de la représentation du mal et de la violence dans les slashers

Since the new millennium’s arrival, cinema has been invaded by a practice that never before reached this scale: the remake. When compared to its source, the remake is similar, but different at the same time.  Are there more common aspects between them by comparison with films of there respective period? By using this wave of remakes, this study suggest a comparative analysis to demonstrate the evolution of the representation of the evil and the violence through horror remakes, slasher films to be more precise. The first part of this thesis dissects the genre functions as well as the remake functions. Then a second chapter is dedicated to the constitution of the first slasher circle in order to notice the progression of the subgenre. This study concludes by the comparison of these informations with the result of the present analysis of the slasher films.

Keyphrases: remake, genre, slasher, violence, horror, slasher, evil
Phosphorylation et régulation de l’E3 ubiquitine ligase MDM2 par la protéine kinase RSK dans les mélanomes

The Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK) signaling cascade regulates various intracellular targets involved in growth and proliferation. Inappropriate regulation of this pathway leads to many types of cancer, including melanomas, which are characterized by activating mutations in NRAS and BRAF. The protein kinase RSK (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) is a central component of the Ras/MAPK pathway, but its role in cell growth and proliferation is not well understood. RSK has also been shown to participate in the resistance of melanoma cells to chemotherapy, but the mechanisms involved remain elusive. We show that MDM2 becomes phosphorylated in response to agonists and oncogenes of the Ras/MAPK pathway. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we found that RSK directly phosphorylates MDM2 at Ser166 and Ser186, suggesting that MDM2 is a bona fide RSK substrate. Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that these residues regulate MDM2 ubiquitination, suggesting that RSK regulates p53 function in an MDM2-dependent manner. Overexpression of active and inactive mutants of RSK revealed that this kinase regulates p53 stability, suggesting a role for RSK in the DNA damage response. Taken together, our results suggest an important role for RSK in the regulation of MDM2 and its target p53. In view of the role of p53 in the response to DNA-damaging agents, our results provide a potential mechanism involved in melanoma chemoresistance.

Keyphrases: MAPK, RSK, MDM2, p53, melanoma, chemoresistance
Typage de la classe génotypique du gène PRDM9 à partir de données de séquençage de Nouvelle Génération

The positions of recombination events cluster tightly together in recombination hotspots, which are determined in part by the rapidly evolving protein PRDM9 via its tri- methyltransferase activity. The locations of hotspots are determined by the repetitive ZnF array of PRDM9, which binds to DNA. Alleles of PRDM9 containing the k-ZnF have previously been associated with patients affected with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PRDM9 alleles are notoriously difficult to type due to the repetitive nature of the ZnF arrays. Here, we propose a method to characterize the alleles of PRDM9 from next- generation sequencing samples, by identifying the number of alleles containing a specific ZnF type. Our method is based on the correlation between profiles from the sample, representing the counts of nucleotide sequences unique to each ZnF, and from ideal sets of short reads representing an allele pair. We conduct a simulation analysis to examine the validity of the predictions obtained by our method with all pairs of known alleles. We confirm that the method can accurately genotype previously unobserved PRDM9 alleles. We also conducted a preliminary analysis to identify the PRDM9 k-ZnF genotype in a cohort of paediatric glioblastoma (pGBM), a childhood cancer characterized by the recurrent mutations in the coding sequence of the histone H3, the target of the enzymatic activity of PRDM9. Although no associations of k-ZnF containing PRDM9 alleles is found in our pGBM cohort, this method opens the possibility of identifying associations between certain PRDM9 alleles with other types of early onset childhood cancers, through a data-mining effort in public cancer databases.

Keyphrases: PRDM9, Recombination Hotspots, Childhood Cancer, Histone Modifications, Next-Generation Sequencing
Impact de l’hyperglycémie et de l’infection sur le transport ionique, la réparation épithéliale et l’action des correcteurs dans les voies aériennes en Fibrose kystique

Cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, is characterized by dysfunctional Cl- secretion and an imbalance in ion/fluid transport resulting in a decrease in mucociliary clearance. Accumulation of mucus then occurs and this favors bacterial infection in the airways. Chronic infection and inflammation is then responsible for progressive injuries to the lung epithelium. These mechanisms are associated with a decline in lung function, the main cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. The recent improvement in clinical care of patients with CF has led to an increase in median life expectancy, which allows the emergence of comorbidities, such as CF-related diabetes (CFRD). Because Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and CFRD have been associated with decreased lung function, we investigated their impact on ion transports and epithelial repair, two main functions of airway epithelia. First, our results showed a reduction in Cl- secretion by CFTR and total K+ currents through CF and non-CF airway epithelial cells in hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, our data indicated a decrease in wound closure rates of airway cell monolayers after exposure to high glucose. We also demonstrated an impairment of the beneficial effect of CFTR correctors on repair rates. The second part of our studies reveals a deleterious impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa diffusible material (PsaDM) on CFTR expression and function in non-CF airways cells. Importantly, we showed, for the first time, that the presence of PsaDM altered the functional rescue of mutated CFTR by correctors and dampened their beneficial effect on CF wound repair. Finally, we tested several different combinations of corrector and potentiators in order to identify the most efficient compounds to improve the repair rates of CF monolayers despite the presence of PsaDM. Overall, our research demonstrated a deleterious impact of CFRD and PsaDM on ion transports and wound closure. Moreover, the new therapies with correctors may also be impacted by these two components.

Keyphrases: CFTR, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CFRD, Cystic Fibrosis, epithelial repair, ionic transport, corrector
Une proposition d'intervention de pratique réflexive visant les infirmières pour l'amélioration des soins palliatifs en centre de soins de longue durée

In long term care facilities, the elderly are admitted with a deteriorated condition. The majority of them will spend their last days there, but will not receive palliative care as required by their state. Literature indicates a lack of training for the staff about end-of-life care. The aim of this paper is to offer a continuing education strategy about palliative care, consisting in a reflective practice intervention for nurses in long-term care. The framework chosen for this work consists of a combination of two models, which are the competency-based approach and the model of "development of reflexive health care teams" proposed by Ghaye (2005). Guided by this framework and the literature review on reflective practice, a hybrid continuing education strategy is proposed. The strategy is composed of: 1) reflective practice group based on critical incidents reported by the participants and 2) thematic workshops built around case studies. The thematic workshops are based on training gaps identified by the literature review in palliative care. The professional development of nurses working in long-term care is intended as a lever so that the elderlies living in these facilities can benefit from quality palliative care.

Keyphrases: Palliative care, End-of-life, Long term care, Reflective practice, Continuing education, Nurses, Professional development
L'apprentissage de l'évaluation de la condition mentale dans la formation des infirmières

My internship took place in the SOI2604 : Mental Health experience course of the nursing program of University of Montreal. In the second laboratory of this course, a 1988 dating video wich presents an interview of an evaluation of the mental condition by a psychiatrist. For him, the objective is to eliminate the possibility of differential diagnostics by making a specific evaluation of the condition of health of the person to determin the psychiatric diagnosis. Considering the date of the video realization and the evaluation who is made by a psychiatrist and not by a nurse, this video is considered as old-fashioned an inapropriate in the situations which the students will may meet in their practice as future nurses. To favor an acquisition of declaratory and procedural knowledge allowing the students to make a complete and effective evaluation of mental health condition with the person/family, it would be essential to update this video and to join it to integratory learning activities. To do it, the textbook Soins infirmiers : Santé mentale et psychiatrie of Fortinash and Holoday Worret (2013) will be used as guidelines for the evaluation of the mental condition. Then, it is the humanist-caring approach of the nursing care and the four central concepts of the center interest of the disciplin that will be used to guide the interview semi-structured.

Keyphrases: Santé mentale, Learning, Mental health
Le rôle de l’Oxygénation Extracorporelle par Membrane (ECMO) dans la réanimation cardio-pulmonaire

The objective of this study was to collect and analyze scientific literature as well as reports from health technology assessment agencies regarding the effectiveness and safety of the use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) as a therapy for critically ill adult patients (cardiac failure and respiratory failure) as well as the use of ECMO as an alternative to conventional CPR techniques. An overview of the principle of operation of the technology is presented and so is an overview of the indications, counter-indications, complications and recommendations for its use. Methods: scientific literature databases such as Medline (via PubMed), The Cochrane Library, University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) as well as Health Technology Assessment agencies’ websites (Comité d’Évaluation des Technologies de Santé (CEDIT), Agence Canadienne des Médicaments et des Technologies de la Santé (ACMTS), Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS), Health Improvement Scottland (HIS), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)) sites were consulted. The search was limited to health technology assessment reports, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, reviews and clinical guidelines, published between January 1, 2005 and October 22, 2015 in English or French. iii Results: Eight articles were selected for the analysis of the effectiveness and safety of ECMO to treat critical but potentially reversible heart and lung conditions. Other articles, such as interventional overview articles, recommendations by specialized organizations, guidelines published as recommendations, etc., were also retained to extract information regarding the indications and counter-indications of the treatment as well as the recommendations during the use of the equipment. Conclusions: In general, the authors share the idea that the data available is not strong enough to sustain irrefutably the use of ECMO, being it in the case of respiratory complications or cardiac complications. The developments in the technology as well as ongoing studies could allow to give a conclusive point of view regarding the benefits (or absence of) of this technology compared to conventional techniques as well as to better understand the specific conditions for which it would be the best choice.

Keyphrases: ECMO, ECPR, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Discours des plaignantes/victimes : distinction et caractérisation entre les fausses et les vraies allégations de crimes violents

In this exploratory research, the speech of plantiff/victims of violent crimes was obtained through the cognitive interview method developed by Fisher and Geiselman (1992) and were analysed to determine qualitatively and quantitatively whether they are truthful (founded) or deceitful (unfounded). Fifteen interviews were conducted by polygraphists at Sûreté du Québec and were analysed using tools developed by Morgan (2007). Those that were identified in a field study were studied here to see if they could be applied in real life situations to caracterise effectively the allegations. Then, unique words, length of the speech of plaintiff and the TTR ratio were calculated for the three main parts of the cognitive interview (Free recall, the eyes closed and backward recall). The results found that reality seem to corroborate what was determined in Morgan’s writings. Thus, truthful plaintiff/victims seems to use more unique words and have longer speech than deceitful ones. Furthermore, their TTR ratios were lower than the false ones. The results obtained here, therefore match what Morgan (2007) stated in his studies and will probably help determine the type of allegations those presumed victimes are recounting to the interviewer. Parallel to this, some qualitative indicators were identified from the speeches to help classify those allegations such as stereotyped descriptions of the suspect, the presence of superfluous details pre-crime and post-crime, the presence of threats and lies, types of injury to the victim, involuntary omissions and the way in which the weapon was used by the aggressor, if that’s the case. Also, non-verbal communication has been briefly analysed and has highlighted some specific clues associated with false allegations. In short, the preliminary results obtained by this research make it possible to differentiate the type of allegations (claims-based versus unsubstantiated allegations) alleged by the plaintiff/victims. In conclusion, more profound studies must be done before even thinking about using those results concomitantly with the rest of the evidence in real life police investigations. If it’s possible, it might help the police work and thereby enable a more effective administration of justice.

Keyphrases: Cognitive interview, Violent crimes, Allegations, Indicators, Plaignants, Plaintiff, Victimes, Victims
La résilience conjugale du couple parental confronté à la greffe de son enfant dans un contexte d’oncologie pédiatrique

Introduction: Previous studies in pediatric oncology show the deleterious effects of childhood cancer on the family and the parents. This impact is amplified by the use of invasive treatments such as Stem Cell Transplant. These observations inspired a literature review on elements of the couple’ s functioning that explain marital resilience in the context of pediatric oncology. This review shows that marital unity is a central concept, and that its effect on marital resilience is explained by collaborative behaviors within the couple. Aims: (1) Describe how couples conceive their marital resilience from analyzing participants’ verbalizations and beyond concepts derived from the literature. (2) Examine the influence of we-ness in the adjustment process of the couple. This entails the observation of the relation between the level of we-ness within the couple, which is an indicator of marital unity, and the frequency, in the participants’ discourse, of various themes relating to their conception of marital resilience. Procedure: Four couples whose children were diagnosed with leukemia and received a transplant were interviewed on their conception of marital resilience in the context of childhood cancer. Interviews were coded according to the hybrid thematic analysis method, combining data driven analysis and theory driven analysis. Theory driven analysis was based on concepts derived from previous studies and on the use of the We-ness Coding Scale (Reid, 2000). Results: The marital resilience process described by couples begins with the identification of the couple as a team, which is supported by an initial cohesion between parents and leads up to collaborative interactions within the couple. These interactions account for the state of marital resilience. A high sense of we-ness is associated with an increase or a decrease of the frequency of certain themes within the couple’s discourse. Conclusion: Marital resilience as depicted by previous studies is similar to the couples’ conception of their own adjustment. However, participants add elements to the process by mentioning themes uncovered by actual literature. Finally, the individual sense of we-ness seems to facilitate cohesion within the couple, as well as the implementation of the resilience process. Suggestions are made to design interventions that might help couples living a similar situation.

Keyphrases: Couple, Parents, We-ness, Clinical psychology, Pediatric cancer, Couple, Parents, Resilience, We-ness, Systemic approach
Influence de l’interleukine-4 sur le recrutement des neutrophiles équins dans un modèle inflammatoire sous-cutané

Many allergic conditions, including asthma and equine heaves, are characterized by a neutrophilic inflammation. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a cytokine that plays a key role in allergic responses that may contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells in these diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the neutrophilic response following a subcutaneous administration of IL-4 in healthy horses. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effects 1) of different cytokine concentrations (10 ng, 250 ng and 500 ng) and 2) incubation times (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 48 h and 7 days) on neutrophil recruitment in 18 healthy horses. A semi-quantitative histological score was developed to assess tissue neutrophilia for all three studies. Flow cytometry analysis was also performed in study 3 in order to validate the histological scoring method.  Our results demonstrate that 1) IL-4 fails to induce significant neutrophilic migration and 2) flow cytometry has proved to be a more reliable method in estimating neutrophil migration when compared to histological scoring, which lacked sensitivity. We also observed that 3) matrigel causes an inflammatory reaction in horses, possibly of immunogenic nature.   These are the first studies incorporating matrigel and IL-4 in an in vivo protocol involving horses. Our data suggests that IL-4 alone does not induce neutrophil recruitment in the skin of healthy horses.

Keyphrases: IL-4, Matrigel, neutrophils, equine, asthma
Une approche moléculaire pour mieux comprendre l'infertilité chez la vache laitière

Over the last fifty or more years, genetic selection has been employed to improve milk production in dairy cattle. This selection was made at the expense of reproductive performance. The observed decrease in fertility does not occur in heifers with the same genetic merit. The enormous milk production and the metabolic challenge that accompany it have a negative impact on the reproductive efficiency due to the metabolic stress of lactation. The purpose of the study was to gain a better knowledge of the molecular and metabolic difference between the two groups of animals in order to better understand the pathogenesis of infertility in dairy cows. To do this, the follicular wave of twelve lactating cows (30-50 days in milk; N = 12) and ten heifers (N = 10) were synchronized by ultrasound guided follicle ablation and by hormonal treatment with injection of prostaglandin-F2α and insertion of a progesterone implant. Follicular fluid and granulosa cells of the dominant follicle were aspirated on day 6. The metabolic indicators BHBA, total bile acids, cholesterol and glucose, were measured in the animals from the blood samples also taken on day 6 confirming greater metabolic stress in the cows when compared to the heifers. A total of six samples were used for RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed. Several genes and signaling and cellular function pathways were shown to differ between the two groups of animals, including the cell cycle signaling pathway and hormone production pathway. A confirmation of the results by real-time PCR was undertaken, but the great intragroup variation obviated significant results. In the second set of experiments, primary culture of granulosa cells was conducted to evaluate the effect of bile acids on steroidogenesis to further explore the larger amount of the bile acids in the dairy cows when compared to heifers. The results demonstrate a difference in the metabolic status of the animals; BHBA, total bile acids and cholesterol being higher and glucose being lower in the dairy cow relative to the heifer. Presence of bile acids in the granulosa cell culture caused a decrease in expression of CYP19A1, CYP11A1 and estradiol accumulation. The differences at the metabolic and molecular level of the dominant follicles between dairy cows and heifers may be implicated in the reduced reproductive efficiency of the dairy cows.

Keyphrases: Dominant follicle, Granulosa cells, Bile acids, Metabolic stress, Heifers, Lactating cows, RNA seq
Caractérisation et évaluation de la virulence de souches cliniques de Clostridium perfringens chez le poulet à griller élevé sans antibiotique

This study developed a new avian intestinal ligated loop model to evaluate C. perfringens pathogenicity in chicken necrotic enteritis.  C. perfringens strains were selected and characterized from a culture collection recovered from broiler chickens raised without antibiotic in farms with and without necrotic enteritis. Strain characterization showed a low genetic diversity in flocks with necrotic enteritis and genetic diversity was high in flocks without necrotic enteritis. Toxin gene detection showed a prevalence of 95% for netB and 79% for cpb2 in the farm with necrotic enteritis while prevalence was 0% for netB and 25% for cpb2 in the farm without necrotic enteritis. In the intestinal ligated loop model, the 3 strains recovered from the farm with necrotic enteritis produced necrotic enteritis lesions and the strain recovered from the farm without necrotic enteritis did not induce necrotic enteritis lesions. Also, a netB negative and cpb2 positive strain from the farm with necrotic enteritis induced lesions of necrotic enteritis. A positive association was also observed between severe necrotic enteritis lesions and the localization of large Gram-positive rods on intestinal mucosa, suggesting C. perfringens adherence to intestinal mucosa might be important in the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis. This model can be used to study the virulence of C. perfringens strains while showing a high potential to study host-pathogen interactions in chicken necrotic enteritis. Finally, this study showed that netB can be an important factor in necrotic enteritis, but not essential to cause lesions of necrotic enteritis in chickens.

Keyphrases: toxine netB, chicken, necrotic enteritis, experimental model, NetB toxin, genetic diversity, antibiotic free