NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La comparaison entre les ressortissants travailleurs turcs et les citoyens de l'UE concernant leur protection contre l'expulsion de l'Union Européenne

In the European Union, some categories of immigrants are subject to reinforced protection against expulsion. This protection against expulsion is notably acquired after a continued and long-lasting residence in a member State of the European Union, thus making the integration of the immigrant in this State strong. What does the notion of reinforced protection against expulsion mean exactly? We will consider the European law, and compare the right to free movement of European citizens and Turkish workers, as well as the extent of their respective protection against expulsion. Is it the same? To answer this question, we will see the law applicable to each of these categories of citizens, including the Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States, the association law between Turkey and the European Union, as well as the Directive 2003/109/EC of the Council of 25 November 2003 concerning the status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents. This protection differs according to the citizenship of the individual. Therefore, the protection of the Turkish citizens is lower that the one of European citizens. However, the European Union Court of Justice played a proactive role in interpreting the rights of free movement of Turkish workers in interpreting the EU/Turkey Association law by analogy to the law applicable to the European citizens. In the litigations concerning the protection against expulsion, the Turkish workers gain recognition by the European Union Court of Justice of a similar protection to that of the European citizens. The European Convention on Human Rights is another juridical instrument that protects the residents of Europe against a violation of their fundamental rights that could occur in case of an expulsion. In view of this judicial activism, we are entitled to wonder to what extent the Turkish workers and the European citizens enjoy a different protection against expulsion.

Keyphrases: European law, EU/Turkey association law, Long-term residency, Reinforced protection against expulsion, Comparative law
Relargage d’ions métalliques après l’arthroplastie de la hanche à grand diamètre avec couple de frottement métal sur métal

The treatment for advanced degenerative hip disease consists in replacing the native joint with artificial implants. This is a very common procedure and the type of arthroplasty most practiced worldwide is metal-on-polyethylene (MOPE) total hip replacement (THR). However, this type of bearing has limited lifespan and is not adapted for active patients struggling with hip osteoarthritis early in their lives. In order to increase implant longevity, new generation, metal-on–metal (MOM) bearing surfaces is used nowadays in this particular population. These MOM bearings are used in 28 mm THR, in resurfacing hip arthroplasty (RH) and in large diameter head THR. Although consistent results have been obtained with the 28 mm THR and RH, large diameter head THR are increasingly used despite lack of scientific data about their performances.  The main purpose of our first paper was to compare chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) concentrations among patients implanted with large diameter head THR and with RH. In this case, both bearing surfaces presented identical tribological properties. In the second paper, we compared performances in terms of ion release (Cr, Co and titanium (Ti)) from four different manufacturers of large diameter head THR systems (Zimmer, DePuy, Smith & Nephew and Biomet).  Whole blood was used for all samples and ion measurements were conducted by an independent laboratory in a blinded fashion, using high-resolution inductive coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (HR-ICP-MS). Both papers have emphasized the crucial role played by modularity at the head-neck junction in metal ion release from large diameter THR MOM bearings. In fact, significant differences were found in Co ion concentration between large head THR and HRA as well as among the different designs of large head THRs. Briefly, the Durom large head THR system was the least favorable implant while the Biomet large head THR system showed the best results. Our results prove that systemic ion release might origin from surprising sources such as modularity at the head-neck junction in patients implanted with certain large head MOM THR systems. A better comprehension of head-neck junction biomechanics is necessary before clinical use of such new devices.

Keyphrases: arthroplastie hanche, corrosion, hip arthritis, hip arthroplasty, metal-on-metal bearing, metal ions, large diameter, fretting corrosion, modular junctions
Conservatisme et innovation chez les potières iroquoiennes du site Droulers-Tsiionhiakwatha

This Masters project attempts to integrate the 15th Century village community of Droulers within our current understanding of the Iroquoian social and cultural sphere in the St. Lawrence Valley. Using a stylistic analysis of pottery rim sherds decorated with the dentate stamp technique, this study attempts to evaluate the cultural variability of the site as well as its place within the St. Lawrence Iroquoian world. The comparison of the stylistic specificities of the Droulers site with those of a variety of other sites is used to position this site within the development of the St. Lawrence Iroquoian sequence, and to map the cultural ties that linked this specific site to the rest of its proximate area and within the western and central provinces of the Saint-Lawrence Iroquoian territory. The simultaneous conservative and progressive characteristics of the pottery produced at the Droulers site are unique to this site, and help us to identify the specificity of the site and to establish its stylistic independence within the region. On the basis of this evidence, we have determined that the use of dentate designs cannot alone serve as a reliable indicator for the purpose of establishing the period of occupation of the site. However, the use of dentate designs can still be used as an indicator of patterns of regional interaction. The use of the dentate design, in conjunction with other significant regional variations, has also helped us better delineate a set of stylistic similarities and to determine that Droulers is most closely linked to the Mandeville and Lanoraie sites, and to a lesser extent to the McIvor site. Furthermore, we have also determined that the Droulers site is part of a complex network of interactions that ties it to communities located further East and West along the St. Lawrence Valley. Finally, the different patterns of stylistic variation, taken together, confirm the chronological position of the site at the end of the 15th Century, despite the high ratio of dentate designs traditionally considered to be characteristic of earlier settlements.

Keyphrases: Droulers, Archaeology, Late Woodland, St. Lawrence Iroquoians, Cultural variability, Pottery styles, Dentate stamp
Bois dormant suivi de La réécriture féministe contemporaine de quatre contes dans Putain de Nelly Arcan et Peau d'âne de Christine Angot

The tale entitled Bois dormant features a carpenter/cabinetmaker who spends all his free time building furniture in a cycle of useless production. This meaningless waste of wood causes nature to rise up against him, spreading an energy that brings life to all the objects in his house. This story revisits several fairytales (Blue Beard, The Adventures of Pinocchio, Otesánek, Sleeping Beauty, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Cinderella) and turns them into nightmares, grinding down their morals, heightening their cruelty and using their patterns to illustrate the absurdity of the modern world. This Frankenstein narrative, with its baroque-like aesthetics and abounding parentheses, uses overstatement as a reflection of over-consumerism. The essay entitled La réécriture féministe contemporaine de quatre contes dans Putain de Nelly Arcan et Peau d’âne de Christine Angot explores how, through the rewritings they inspire, Perrault’s and Grimm’s fairytales form a powerful medium for incarnation that gives rise to the writing of trauma for Christine Angot and Nelly Arcan, but also serves as a tool for their feminist criticism. In Putain, by Nelly Arcan, the narrator reinterprets the stories of The Little Red Riding Hood, Sleeping Beauty and Snow White to bring to light different aspects of her struggle against the male gaze oppression. As for Christine Angot, by rewriting Peau d’âne in parallel with Sleeping Beauty, she intends to reveal the adverse effects of fashion’s dictatorship and of the father’s law on the feminine identity. All these new versions help overthrow the logic put forward by these fairytales, exposing their absurdity and twisted nature from a feminist point of view.

Keyphrases: conte, Nelly Arcan, Christine Angot, creative writing, tale, feminism
Méthode de génération de colonnes pour les problèmes de conception de réseaux avec coûts d’ajout de capacité

Network design problems received a particular interest and have been widely studied because of their many applications in different areas, such as logistics and telecommunications. We focus in this work on the multicommodity capacitated network design problem with capacity expansion costs. It consists in opening a set of facilities on a network in order to meet the demand of some commodities, while respecting the capacity constraints. Each arc can admit several facilities. The objective is to minimize the commodities transportation costs, and the fixed costs of opening or increasing the capacity of the facilities. The method we are using to solve this problem is based on techniques used in integer programming, including column generation and cutting-plane methods. These methods are introduced into a general branch-and-bound algorithm, based on linear relaxation. We test our method on four groups of instances of different sizes, and we compare it with CPLEX, which is one of the best solvers available for optimization problems. We compare it also with an existing method in the literature, combining exact and heuristic methods. Numerical results show that our method was able to outperform both methods, especially when tested on large scale instances.

Keyphrases: Reformulation 0-1, Branch-and-bound, Multicommodity capacitated network design problem, Capacity expansion costs, 0-1 reformulation, Column generation, Cutting-plane methods
Les effets de revêtements de surface sur la dissolution et la bioaccumulation de nanoparticules d'oxyde de zinc par l'algue unicellulaire, C. reinhardtii

Over the last decade, the use of nanoparticles (NP) has been increasing exponentially in numerous sectors, leading to their massive release into the environment. For example, zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) can be found in areas such as medicine, electronics, sunscreens, cosmetics and plastics. Concerns have therefore been raised about the impacts of the NP on the natural environment, as well as their consequences for humans. Multiple studies reveal that not only the NP but also their dissolution products may have impacts on environmental systems. It is well understood that surface properties of engineered nanoparticles in aqueous solution play a pivotal role in nanoparticle behavior, including their interactions with organisms. Therefore, in order to assess the behavior of nZnO, this study focuses on their dissolution and evaluates the bioaccumulation of 3 nanoparticles with different surface stabilizations by the freshwater algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The following NP were studied: (i) bare nZnO, (ii) polyacrylic acid coated (nZnO-PAA) and (iii) sodium hexametaphosphate coated (nZnO-HMP). Three different techniques were used to quantify dissolution of the nZnO: centrifugal ultrafiltration (CU), scanned stripping chronopotentiometry (SSCP) and resin-based inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (resin-based ICP-MS). The results reveal a high dissolution of the bare nZnO (nearly total) while the dissolution of the polyacrylate coated and hexamataphosphate coated nZnO were highly dependent on the nature of the stabilizer. As a consequence, bioaccumulation in model algae C. reinhardtii was strongly related to the release of free zinc in the bare nZnO and the nZnO-PAA. On the other hand, algae exposed to nZnO-HMP appeared to be stimulated by the phosphate coating, leading to higher bioaccumulation than for the free zinc, once again demonstrating the importance of the nature of the stabilizer.

Keyphrases: nZnO, Dissolution, Bioaccumulation, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Polyacrylic acid, Sodium hexametaphosphate
Modélisation de l'influence de la fragmentation des habitats sur le risque de prédation chez le caribou forestier

Populations of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are declining throughout their range in North America. Natural predation, amplified by logging, has been identified as the main cause of decline. This project develops decision making tool in order to models changes in predation risk for the woodland caribou during forest succession for different harvest scenarios in Côte-Nord, Québec, Canada. These scenarios were explored for the years 2000 to 2150: (i) cuts limited to protection and replacement blocks, (ii) cuts allowed throughout the study area and (iii) no cuts from 2000 to 2150. An individual based model (IBM) was used to simulate the movements of woodland caribou, moose (Alces alces) and gray wolf (Canis lupus) in order to assess predation risk during forest succession. In general, predation risk was higher when cuts were confined to protection and replacement blocks. However not all results are consistent with conclusions from field-based studies, denoting the need to improve the IBM. Thus various recommendations are suggested to enhance the IBM in order to make this tool useful for long-term viability analysis of woodland caribou for different harvest scenarios.

Keyphrases: fragmentation, woodland caribou, predation, forest management, landscape ecology, conservation
Entre poésie, réalisme magique et postmodernisme : Madman Claro suivi de Les Fleurs compliquées

In the first part of this project, the essay Entre poésie, réalisme magique et postmodernisme : Madman Claro, I attempt to define the concepts of magical realism, postmodern literature and “midfiction” (which might transcend the first two) in order to situate the work of French writer and translator Claro within the reflexive-mimetic model that I have laid out. I then describe his view of writing and literature before analyzing the dissolution of the main characters in the novel CosmoZ that is caused by the poor treatment they receive at the hands of various doctors and the Wizard of Oz. My aim is to show how these becoming-others are related to the beginning and the end of the world (which, in turn, never ceases to begin anew) in this work that is both fable-like and realistic, as Claro makes fictional characters real and has them go through incredible and tragic adventures over the course of the first half of the XXth century in Europe and America. The second part of this thesis, entitled Les Fleurs compliquées, is a collection of surrealistic short stories that remain grounded in the modern world and which sometimes feature diffracted versions of public figures. While the first story mixes formal constraints with ontological and genealogical concerns, the second narrative, more conversational in tone, recounts an out of body experience in an after-hours nightclub in Montreal. This is followed by a satirical and nightmarish version of the singer Rihanna’s (renamed La Reina) disastrous 777 Tour, which culminates in a battle inspired by Amerindian folklore. The last story contains six brief interlinked parts that recount a single narrative in a non-linear fashion. Overall, I have aimed for a kind of baroque saturation: my work is thus mostly focused on creating vivid imagery by following flights of fancy while paying attention to rhythm. Thematically, I am interested in the eloquent silences of the everyday as well as the legacy of Western colonialism in modern popular culture, which I have presented from a feminist and consciously “ex-centric” perspective. I have tried, finally, to craft tales that are sporadically darkly humorous and which lend a voice to those who have been marginalized while avoiding the pitfalls of sentimentalism and preachy moralizing.

Keyphrases: Claro, postmodernisme, réalisme magique, metafiction, postmodernism, magical realism
Les fortifications de la Grèce du Nord : catalogue raisonné

The fortifications of Northern Greece from the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods have so far never been collaboratively studied to identify, describe, and compare the walls of this region. In addition to the larger cities that are well known owing to archaeology and the preservations of the walls found in areas such as Amphipolis, Philippi, and Thasos, other walls and defenses to the north of the Aegean are virtually unknown or briefly mentioned, hence the interest of such an undertaking. The only collective works related with the fortifications of the north are those of D. Lazaridis that, by focusing on the peraia on Thasos and Samothrace, left the topographical plans of many fortified settlements, without giving a description of them. This thesis then proposes a descriptive and analytical catalogue of the military architecture of Northern Greece, as well as an “observation” part where defensive remnants will be compared regionally and, if possible, throughout the Greek world. A total of 37 settlements of all types (city, phrourion, and emporion) will be subject to this study. However, unlike the major studies on the subject that present magnificent ramparts, this work is often confronted with fragmentary remains that certainly leave room for interpretation and discussion, and moreover to desolation, for occasionally, very little can be said on the ruins of a short segment of wall.  Although the general history of Greek fortifications is still unclear we can still note that a certain architectural evolution occurs in the Greek ramparts during the Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods. It would be normal to find this same phenomenon in Northern Greece particularly. However, we also know that many people from cities all over the Greek world converged on the Thracian coast. Therefore, these colonists arrived with customs and techniques that could characterize the walls of the northern region and even create new regional phenomena.

Keyphrases: Fortification, phrourion, emporion, Fortification, Archaeology, Northern Greece, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Military architecture
L'accès aux soins de santé mentale : le discours des jeunes adultes en difficulté

This Master's thesis aims to understand how the issue of access to mental health care arises in the world of young adults in difficulty. More precisely, the research's objectives are to document the barriers to access to mental health care, to analyze tendencies underlying these barriers and to evaluate the impact of being young adult in trouble on them. The approach of medical anthropology and the concept of social suffering, sensitive to cultural, socio-economic and political factors framed the analysis to the 12 semi-directed interviews conducted with young adults using services from Auberges du coeur to Montreal. First, the identification of barriers to access allowed to observe the obstacles in the experience of use of mental health care may come as institutions that young adults themselves. Secondly, the qualitative data analysis was used to identify three main logic underlying these barriers: the positivist bias, market logic, and the trend of psychologizing. The data collected suggest that political and economic influences are critical in maintaining different barriers to access, and full recognition of these deep issues is essential to act positively on access to mental health care of the general population, especially young adults in difficulty whose needs are urgent.

Keyphrases: Medical anthropology, Social suffering, Young adult in difficulty, Access to mental health care, Barriers to access
CEP78, a novel centrosomal protein

Background: The centrosome is a tiny organelle well-known for its role in establishing the bipolar spindle during cell division. Defects in centrosome function often give rise to human diseases including cancer and kidney cyst formation. We are interested in studying the function of one novel centrosomal protein named CEP78, identified in a proteomic screen for novel centrosomal components. Methods and results: Treatment of cells with nocodazole, a microtubule-depolymerizing agent that specifically depolymerizes cytoplasmic microtubules but not the stabilized centrosome microtubules, showed that CEP78 is a stable centrosomal component. Colocalization of this protein with other centrosomal markers such as CEP164, SAS6, Centrin, Polyglutamylated tubulin and POC5 at different phases of the cell cycle indicated that CEP78 specifically localizes to the distal end of the mother and daughter centrioles. There are 2 CEP78 dots during the interphase and as the cells go through mitosis, procentrioles mature, and the number of CEP78 dots increases to 4 dots per cell and by the end of telophase each daughter cell has 2 CEP78 dots. Characterization of CEP78 functional domains showed that Leucine-rich repeats are necessary for centrosomal localization of the protein. In addition, we found that overexpression of CEP78 did not change the number of centrioles and centrosomes but decreased the number and intensity of CEP170 dots (sub-distal appendage protein) without a decrease in the expression level of this protein. Further studies showed that there is no interaction between these 2 proteins. Finally, overexpression of CEP78 protects microtubules from depolymerization in the presence of nocodazole, suggesting its ability to bind microtubules. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CEP78 is targeted to the distal end of mature centrioles via its lecuine-rich repeats, where it could be involved in centriolar maturation or regulation of sub-distal appendage assembly and/or remodeling, a structure known to nucleate and anchor microtubules. Understanding the function of CEP78 will shed light on the role of the centrosome in cell cycle.

Keyphrases: CEP78, Centrosome, CEP170, Microtubules
La révolution du 25 janvier 2011 et la presse écrite égyptienne

This study presents an analysis of written press discourse before and after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011in two daily papers with a large diffusion : A national paper, Al Ahram, and an independent paper, Al Dustûr.  The first chapter presents the theoretical notions and approaches relevant for this study, mainly those of Denis Monière (2009), in which we found the framework for lexical and semantic analyses, and that of Teun Adrianus Van Dijk (2005), in which we found the material to make the analysis of discourse strategies and ideology. The second chapter presents an overview of Egypt history, of the evolution of written press in this country and especially of the two papers from which our texts come from. The third chapter presents the methodology and results of our analyses. Finally, chapter four presents the most important discursive strategies of both papers and the conclusions of this study, by which we hope having brought some insight to the comprehension of the dramatic episode Egypt came across in his recent history.

Keyphrases: Egypt, Written press, Discourse analysis, Lexicon, Semantics, Discursive strategies, Ideology