NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Agency, socially contemplated

Well-being and agency are the two pillars of the capability approach. In this paper we emphasize that a proper analysis of agency requires an explicit treatment of social interaction. We show that once agency is framed within an interactive context, the two dimensions of individual action are strongly intertwined. In addition, interdependency hints for collective behaviour, thus, developing an example introduced by Sen (1990), we provide a simple threshold model explaining labour market participation of women as an emergent phenomenon. The model is able to provide an alternative explanation of extreme variations of this phenomenon in culturally homogeneous areas.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Amartya Sen, well-being measurement, agency, capability, Workers, Women, philosophy, ethics, economics, Amartya Sen
Assessing how large is the market for prostitution in the European Union

Prostitution regimes in the EU-28 include prohibition, regulation and abolition; we tackle this typology from the perspective of both free sex work and forced labour, in order to gauge the magnitude of the European sex market as of 2010. We document the behaviour of customers on the demand-side for prostitution. Next, we address the supply-side, using HIV prevalence among sex workers to achieve a first series of two estimates. We design a second series of two estimates from miscellaneous sources (NGOS and the police). We investigate forced sexual labour trafficking, providing an additional series of estimates from the ILO and from Eurostat and UNODC. We check the magnitude of prostitution as regards employment figures and ranking with respect to the distribution of population in the EU countries. Thanks to an ordered probit, we test all five estimates; eventually, we come up with one best estimate (from HIV prevalence) that is also the lowest one.

Keyphrases: ethics, economics, European Union, informal employment, ordered probit, prostitution, sex work, victims of sexual exploitation trafficking, philosophy, ethics, economics, prostitution, Union Européenne
Quand la transparence ne crée pas nécessairement la lumière

This review outlines certain themes discussed in the book Autour de l’intégrité scientifique, la loyauté et la probité – Aspects cliniques, éthiques et juridiques (About scientific integrity, loyalty, and probity – Clinical, ethical and legal aspects), published by Dalloz. Some critical comments are provided regarding the normative process that aims to sanction scientific misconduct and the biases of the recognition system that permits an evaluation of the impact of publications.

Keyphrases: éthique, intégrité, loyauté, probité, ethics, integrity, loyalty, probity, recognition
Réseaux sociaux et renseignement policier : Facebook, quel apport pour les données policières ?

Data available online on social networking sites represent a great opportunity to solve the limits of official data in a context of social network analysis and police intelligence. The social network of ten criminalized individuals, reputed to be members of an outlaw motorcycle club (OMC) have been built from public Facebook's friendships and official police data simultaneously. A comparative analysis of the network structure, the evolution of the centrality measures among the individuals depending of the network and their position and role, has been realized. The influence of individual characteristics like the residence place or the professional sector, on the belonging of some of them to both sources, and on their role and position in the different networks, has been analyzed too. It results in a low contribution of Facebook, with some noise and dispersion of the results. The relevant information available on Facebook is similar to that available in police data. Police data are therefore a complete and reliable source of information, even if Facebook could bring more when specifically used and targeted.

Keyphrases: Facebook, social networking sites, outlaw motorcycle clubs, police intelligence, social network analysis
Outils cliniques et soutien social à Peace House - Expérience d’intervention de groupe auprès d’intervenantes sociales à Hanoi au Vietnam

This critical essay focuses on the development of an intervention project combining clinical tools  and social support for case workers working in a shelter with Vietnamese women who have  experienced human trafficking and / or family violence. This intervention project was realized  with workers from the Peace House shelter under the management of the Center for Women and  Development in Hanoi, Vietnam. Group intervention was the chosen methodology and the  sessions were divided into two parts. Firstly, activities and concepts inspired from Dialectical  Behavioral Therapy (TDC) were taught. Secondly, a critical discussion period was held on  diverse topics related to the current practice of Social Work in Vietnam. The aim of this project  was to identify clinical tools to help case workers deal with psychological distress in the work  place, provide opportunities for critical reflection as well as promote solidarity through a group  intervention process in order to develop a sense of belonging and to increase self-confidence.  This intervention project was conducted with a desire to be relevant to the practice and context of  the participants. A critical review of this project and recommendations for the future is presented.

Keyphrases: Violence, TDC, Vietnam, Peace House, TSI, Women, Human Trafficking, Family Violence, Group Intervention, Systems Theory, DBT, ISW
Innovation et « policing » : l’adoption des médias sociaux par les membres des organisations policières du Québec

Social media, such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, are new technologies being used by police organizations to communicate with citizens, but also to collect information and to respond to emergencies (Altunbas, 2013; Denef, Bayerl & Kaptein, 2013; Frank, Cheng & Pun, 2011; IACP, 2013b). However, previous research focused mainly on describing the adoption of social media by the members of law enforcement agencies who are related with those tools, such as cybercriminal investigators. Thus, it failed to provide a description of how it is used by other members, and it is impossible to establish the impact of this technology on "policing" as a whole. The objective of this research is to describe the adoption of social media by Quebec police organizations. Our analysis is based on Brodeur’s (2010) framework of police multidimensionality, which sees the police as an assemblage of many components and groups of people engaged in different kinds of activities. To represent this multidimensionality, 177 members of different police organizations in the Province of Quebec were asked to answer an exhaustive questionnaire on different aspects of social media use. Respondents were involved in a wide range of policing activities such as patrol (n=47), investigation (n=42), criminal analysis (n=67) and management (n=21). Results reveal that social media is a new information tool for the great majority of them and also a tool that allows some members to communicate with the population. The level of adoption of social media is lower for patrollers and supervisors than for the other two groups. Moreover, for the majority of members social media is a tool among many others, while for some members it became their main tool of work. Finally, this adoption would be influenced by organizational choices, but also by how the members perceive social media. Among investigator and analyst groups, it is mainly the fact of occupying a specific function related with social media who determines the level of use of the tool, the adoption in the patrollers depends rather on the perception of the compatibility of the tool with the police activities.

Keyphrases: Prévention, Social media, Adoption of innovation, Organizational change, Intelligence, Prevention, Repression, Emergency
Mise à l’essai d’une intervention éducationnelle visant à optimiser l’utilisation des mesures de prévention de la déhiscence sternale à la suite d’une chirurgie cardiaque

Introduction: Sternal dehiscence is the most common wound complication of cardiac surgery via sternotomy. Although its incidence varies between 0.2 and 0.5%, sternal dehiscence can lead to dangerous complications that can cause death. In the literature, authors, most of whom are physiotherapists, present different measures for preventing sternal dehiscence, like thoracic support vests and sternal precautions. However, there is no consensus on any of those measures. This document is a report of an internship held in an ultra-specialized heart institute between July and December 2016, to develop and test, with nurses, medical orderlies and patients, an educational intervention aimed at optimizing the use of measures to prevent sternal dehiscence in patients following cardiac surgery. Method: During the internship, theoretical training capsules on sternal dehiscence and its preventive measures were developed and offered to the nursing staff and patients through a variety of educational tools. Coaching sessions related to postoperative mobilization methods were also offered to the nursing staff. A thoracic support vest was introduced for patients at high risk of sternal dehiscence. Results: The training capsules as well as the coaching were well received by the patients and the nursing staff, and managed to promote knowledge on the sternal dehiscence and its preventive measures.  The educational tools could serve as guides for postoperative mobilization methods.

Keyphrases: Coaching, Cardiac surgery, Sternotomy, Sternal dehiscence, Sternal precautions, Nursing intervention, Training capsule, Self-efficacy theory, Thoracic support vest
Soft Revolvers et les interfaces créées sur mesure : la performance de musique numérique dans une perspective d’œuvre totale

This text examines the composition process leading to the creation of the performance Soft Revolvers. The work is based on performance specific interfaces: four luminous spinning tops that evoke turntables. These connoted devices, fully integrated in the artistic discourse, are located within the historic continuum of the Gesamtkunstwerk (total work of art). This holistic perspective allows the renegociation of all the aspects that might influence the reception of a performance. Each of these aspects - the digital instrumentation, the gestural language, the musical form and the scenography - is discussed and articulated around the central concept in Soft Revolvers. Finally, two related works are presented, the performance Tempo Deluxe, which uses the same spinning top interfaces, and the piece Lumens&Profits, which explores the same thematic material as Soft Revolvers in a fixed version. Comparing these works allows a better delineation of the limitations implied by the interfaces' specificity, while confirming the effectiveness of the performance specific device in the digital realm.

Keyphrases: Performance, Interfaces, Interaction, Concept, Table Tournante , Spinning Top, Turntables
Analyse approfondie de quatre œuvres écrites pendant la maîtrise : observation, comparaison d’une démarche compositionnelle

This master’s thesis presents the result of two years of studying instrumental composition at the University of Montreal. I have focused my research on an analysis of the pieces composed (Trois miniatures pour orchestre, Sonate du Soleil, Iktsuarpok and Corpus chorus, staged left and right) and on the comparison of the similarities found in those pieces in the melodic, rhythmic, harmonic dimensions and on the different textures encountered. To illustrate my musical personal language, I have listed different harmonic and rhythmic figures that can be found in all my pieces. In it I wanted to create a unity between each work. Each piece follows somewhat the same composition process. This text is also about the extra-musical ideas that have influenced the composition of those pieces. Painting, body movement, Inuit language, Belarusian language, and Japanese poetry were all inspirations that do not have a direct link to music per se (with the exception of Sonate du Soleil), but were still used as a foundation for creating those pieces.

Keyphrases: Music, Painting, Harmony, Poetry
Les outils d'unité et de continuité, analyse de trois œuvres pour grand ensemble

This master's thesis analyses three different works, composed during my studies in vocal and instrumental composition at Université de Montréal, and discusses a few of the techniques I have used to assure unity and continuity in my music.             In addition to analyzing three orchestral and choral pieces, this thesis first addresses the notion of character, and its role in my music. It also discusses the way I use motives in my composition for purposes of unity. It then offers a few alternatives to classical tonality, which assure tonal attraction in my pieces, such as pandiatonicism, chords progressions by common notes, enrichment of tonal progressions by addition of color notes to chords, and the combined use of these different techniques.

Keyphrases: orchestra, character, choir, continuity, unity, tonality, wind orchestra
Expression du facteur neurotrophique HGF dans les motoneurones lombaires murins suite à la lacération et à la stimulation électrique du nerf sciatique

Purpose: Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) plays a role in promoting axonal growth and survival of motoneurons during embryonic development. This factor might also be important in directing the regeneration of adult motoneurons following laceration. We aim to identify the expression patterns of HGF following axotomy, with or without direct or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a mouse model. Methods: Sixty adult C57BL/6 mice were divided into 5 groups: Control (n=12), Sham (n=12), Axotomy (n=12, sciatic nerve laceration and immediate repair), Direct (n=12, sciatic nerve laceration, immediate repair and application of direct electrical stimulation on the proximal nerve end, 1h, 20 Hz) and Transcutaneous (n=12, nerve laceration and immediate repair followed by proximal transcutaneous electrical stimulation, 1h, 20 Hz). Spinal cords were harvested at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days post-surgery. The expression patterns of HGF were measured using in situ hybridization. Results: Our results showed an upregulation of HGF expression in mouse spinal cords following sciatic nerve axotomy. This occurred more quickly following electrical stimulation in both Direct and Transcutaneous groups. The expression pattern of HGF became localized to the motor neuron pools in the Axotomy, Direct and Transcutaneous groups. Conclusions: HGF, a growth factor involved in directing the outgrowth of motor axons in development, has an altered expression pattern following sciatic nerve laceration, suggesting it may also play a role in directing motoneuron regeneration. Furthermore, rapid change in the expression pattern of HGF following electrical stimulation suggests it may also be involved in the upregulation of nerve regeneration following electrical stimulation.

Keyphrases: HGF, BDNF, trkB, Nerve injury, Peripheral nerve regeneration, Neurotrophic factors, Electrical stimulation, Transcutaneous electrical stimulation, In situ hybridization, Mouse model
L’implication du CD154 résistant au clivage enzymatique dans l’activité anti-tumorale

CD154, also known as CD40 ligand (CD40L) or gp39, is a type II glycoprotein, belonging to the tumor necrosis factors (TNF) with a molecular weight of 33-39 KDa. The CD154 is expressed in a transitory way on different cell types such as activated T cells, activated platelets, monocytes, dendritic cells, basophils, eosinophils, and also on non-hematopoietic cells such as fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Like other members of the TNF superfamily, the CD154 forms a non-covalently linked homotrimer. This trimer becomes soluble after a proteolytic cleavage, requiring the implication of the metalloproteinases ADAM-10 and ADAM-17.  The binding of the CD154 with its classical receptor, CD40, is the basis of the T-B cell interaction and it is crucial for B proliferation, differentiation and isotype switching. In addition to CD40, CD154 was shown to bind to three additional receptors, belonging to the integrin family, αIIbβ3, α5β1 and αMβ2. Binding of CD154 to the αIIbβ3 plays an important role in platelet thrombus stabilization. The interaction with the inactive form of the α5β1 leads to the activation of MAPK/ERK1/2 and IL-8 production. The active form of the αMβ2 interacts with the CD154 and induces cellular activation, adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells. Recent studies of our laboratory have revealed that the interaction of CD154 with its different receptors induces bidirectional activation. However, its cleavage remains a property to CD40.   The presented work shows the generation of monoclonal antibody (mAb) capable of inhibiting the cleavage of the CD154 as well as the generation of CD154 mutant protein resistant to cleavage. This will allow us to study the biological role of the inhibition of the CD154 cleavage in vitro and evaluate the efficiency of our blocking mAbs in a cancer model in vivo. Our results show that inhibition of cleavage induced tumor regression in C57BL/6 mice, following the administration of the mAb in vivo.

Keyphrases: CD154, CD40, mAbs, Cancer
L’hypothèque légale de la construction — Un outil de protection des créances des sous-traitants
toujours efficace?

The construction hypothec is the main mechanism for the protection of the claims of every participant in the construction industry. With the adoption of this legal regime, the Quebec legislator tried to protect the economic integrity of this industry. However, the use of notions more or less efficient for the execution of this legal regime, the increase of contractual mechanisms which avoid the application of the legal regime and legal dispositions which protect the owners harm the efficiency of the legal regime to correctly protect subcontractor's claims. Nevertheless, some correctives can be found to restore the legal regime's equity. Moreover, when a immoveable is owned by the State or any of its agents, it is practically impossible for a subcontractor to exercise his hypothecary rights because of the State's privileges and immunities. The property appropriated to public utility of the legal persons established in the public interest which are not agents of the State enjoy also a strong protection, particularly in the municipal sector. In any case, it is rendering illusory the exercise by a subcontractors of any of his hypothecary rights despite the fact that the legislator's goal, by maintaining this legal regime, was precisely to protect their claims.

Keyphrases: Construction, Domaine public, Construction, Legal hypothec, Construction privilege, Creditor, Contractor, Subcontractor, Owner, Public domain, Mandatory of the State, Legal person establish in the public interest, Immunity
La pérennisation de programmes de financement basé sur les résultats : étude de cas au Mali

Performance-based financing (PBF) is emerging as a new alternative to finance health systems in many African countries. In Mali, a pilot project was conducted to improve demand and supply of health services through financing performance. No study has explored the sustainability process of such a project in Africa. This study’s objectives were to understand the sustainability process of the project and to assess its level of sustainability. The process of sustainability was examined through its different determinants, stages and contexts. These were explored in interviews to discern, via critical events, stakeholders’ ideas regarding sustainability in terms of this project. Forty-nine stakeholders were interviewed in six community health centres and two referral health centres, including health practitioners, administrators (at district, regional, national levels), and those involved in implementing and conceptualizing the program (government and NGOs). A theme analysis was done with the software © QDA Miner. The results show a weak level of sustainability of the project due to many factors. Concerning determinants of sustainability, investments stopped at the end of the project, insufficient cultural artefacts were shared around PBF, few new tasks lasted after the project and the latter was not fully adapted/owned for/by the stakeholders. Few critical events were associated to stages of sustainability; however, a lack of planning could be seen linked to sustainability. Therefore, questions can be asked regarding the project approach and the potential gains that could be made through a better comprehension and operationalisation of the sustainability concept.

Keyphrases: Sustainability, Health financing, Results, Africa, Project management
Le partenariat dans l’atteinte d’un objectif commun pour des organisations qui ont des missions différentes

Situation: During the 1990s, certain population responsibilities were downloaded from the state to the community level (Bourque, 2009; MSSS, 1990; MSSS, 1992; Rochon, 1988). With this decentralization of power, a new form of multisector local governance emerged at the heart of Quebec communities and this often takes the form of a coordinating committee (INSPQ, 2008). This organizational change prompted certain players in the field to participate in the new decision-making processes on public policies in the field of healthcare (Savard, Turcotte, & Beaudoin, 2003). These players, all interested in the subject, come from different institutions such as municipalities, Health and Social Service agencies (ASSS), Health and Social Service Centres (CSSS), community organizations, transportation corporations, Municipal Public Housing Departments (OMH), etc. As a result of this, the representatives of the various organizations experience stress as they attempt to respond on the one hand to the missions of their organizations and on the other hand to the objective of the coordinating committee, which is to develop and set up an action plan. The challenge is to identify the conditions that allow all the organizations that contribute to the development of the public policy to converge toward a common objective, in spite of their different missions. The general objective of this research is to better understand the factors that allow organizations with different missions to converge toward a common objective. Methodology: The approach consists of a case study within which numerous partners are involved as part of the Aged-Friendly cities committee in an urban environment. Data was collected through partially-directed individual interviews carried out on a sampling of the partners and during a final meeting with all partners of the committee. The Results: Two main conditions are necessary to achieve a common goal. First, there must be some convergence between the objectives of the organization and the mission of the committee. Second, the committee has to make choices and take decisions. In other words, the committee shouldn’t only be in a process of identification of needs of a population. Conclusion: In light of the results of this research, it is possible to say that an awareness of the convergence or non-convergence of external and internal objectives of a partner with the mission of a committee of partners can bring them to develop strategies participation that could lead the committee to meet its mission.

Keyphrases: cooperation, partnership, public policy, municipality