NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La lambda-cyhalothrine comme pesticide privilégié en milieu agricole : étude la toxicocinétique des biomarqueurs pour le suivi de l’exposition chez des volontaires

Lambda-cyhalothrin is a pyrethroid pesticide largely used in agriculture. Exposure assessment can be performed by measuring key urinary metabolites. For a proper use of biomonitoring data, it is however important to gain information on the toxicokinetics of these key biomarkers of exposure. A human volunteer study was performed to document the plasma and urinary time courses of major lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites. Seven volunteers ingested 0.025 mg kg-1 body weight of lambda-cyhalothrin. Blood samples were withdrawn prior to dosing and at fixed time periods over the 72 h-period following ingestion and complete urine voids were collected pre-exposure and at pre-established intervals over 84 h post-dosing. The cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CFMP) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3 -PBA) metabolites were quantified in these samples. Plasma concentrations of CFMP and 3-PBA increased rapidly after ingestion, with average peak values at 3.1 and 4.0 h post-dosing, respectively; subsequent elimination phase showed a rapid decay with a mean half-life (t½) of ≈ 5.3 and 6.4 h for CFMP and 3-PBA, respectively. Urinary rate time courses displayed a profile similar to the plasma concentration-time curves with corresponding mean t½ of ≈ 4.2 and 5.9 h. In the 84-h period post-treatment, on average 21% of lambda-cyhalothrin dose were excreted in urine as CFMP as compared to 30% as 3-PBA. Overall, CFMP and 3-PBA metabolites were confirmed to be major metabolites of lambda-cyhalothrin and exhibited similar kinetics with short half-lives; they thus both appear as useful biomarkers of exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin in humans.

Keyphrases: Exposition orale, Pyrethroid, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Biomarkers of exposure, cis-3-(2 -chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CFMP), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3 -PBA), Oral exposure, Volunteers
Identification des obstacles et facteurs favorables à l’implantation de la pharmacovigilance au Bénin

Problematic: Despite efforts from Direction de la Pharmacie du Médicament et des Explorations Diagnostiques, Benin does not have a pharmacovigilance center, nor data regarding adverse drug reactions.  Objective: To identify barriers and facilitating factors with regards to implementing pharmacovigilance in Benin in order to come up with possible solutions.  Methods: This is a qualitative study. A synthetic research strategy was used, more specifically a single case study with an individual analysis level. Data was collected by analyzing administrative documents and semi-structured interviews, the latter of which were held with 21 key informants who were recruited based on reasoned choice and the snowball method.  Results: The data collected indicated that the process of pharmacovigilance implementation is currently underway in Benin. Barriers to implementation such as the competition for resources required for pharmacovigilance with other health priorities and low participation of stakeholders were identified. Results indicate that there are few facilitating factors, but also highlight several actions to be taken to successfully implement pharmacovigilance in Benin. These include the establishment of incentives for participation in pharmacovigilance activities and training of stakeholders in pharmacovigilance.  Conclusion: Identifying these barriers and facilitating factors helped to list potential solutions that could contribute to the success of the implementation of pharmacovigilance in Benin.  Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, adverse reactions, implementation degree, innovation, Benin

Keyphrases: Pharmacovigilance, Innovation, Adverse reactions, Implementation degree
La manifestation de traits d’insensibilité émotionnelle chez les jeunes contrevenants : état des connaissances, enjeux et pistes d’intervention

Serious conduct problems (e.g., conduct disorder, delinquency or violent behaviour among street gang members) are associated with significant costs for society. Given the magnitude of the consequences associated with individuals who have serious conduct problems, it is essential to increase and improve the knowledge underlying the identification, assessment and rehabilitation of this specific population. The notion of callous-unemotional traits (the affective facet of psychopathy) constitutes a promising avenue when it comes to the study of the risk factors involved in the development of such a problematic. However, despite several research findings highlighting the specific contribution of this variable to delinquent behaviour and crime, knowledge about effective treatment strategies remains limited. With this in mind, the goal of the current project is to develop a practical guide for the various stakeholders working at the Centre Jeunesse de Montréal-Institut Universitaire (CJM-IU). To illustrate the utility of considering callous- unemotional traits in the evaluation and treatment offered in rehabilitation centers, 26 offenders aged between 15 and 19 years old and placed in an open custody unit at the rehabilitation center Cité des Prairies were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing callous-unemotional traits. The final sample of 24 participants reported higher scores of callous-unemotional traits than the ones reported in previous studies based on non-delinquent populations or adolescent offenders. Despite a small number of participants and some methodological limitations, these findings suggest that adolescent offenders detained in rehabilitation centers are at risk of having high levels of callous- unemotional traits. Taking this intoconsideration, the practical guide contains important information on the notion of callous-unemotional traits as well as the intervention strategies that could be effective with this specific population.

Keyphrases: Intervention, Callous-unemotional traits, Delinquent behavior, Treatment, Conduct disorder, Serious conduct problems, Psychopathy, Street gang, Adolescent offenders
Anticorps types-spécifiques contre le virus du papillome humain : les femmes enceintes et le suivi de leur enfant jusqu'à deux ans

Background: Little is known about the natural immunity of human papillomavirus (HPV) and on the dynamics of mother-child antibodies. The objectives of this study were to identify the HPV-16 serodeterminants in pregnant women, to verify the correlation of mother-infant antibodies and to describe the antibody dynamics in children until two years of age. Methods: Participants were from HERITAGE study and included 166 pregnant women recruited between 2009 and 2012 and 58 children born to those infected with HPV-DNA. Blood samples were collected from women during their first trimester of pregnancy and from their infants at birth, 6, 12, and 24 months. A Luminex immunoassay was used to analyze total type-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against HPV types 6/11/16/18. Logistic regression models, Spearman correlation’s coefficients and graphical representation with survival analysis were used to answer our objectives. Results: Anti-HPV-16 seropositivity among unvaccinated women was associated with current smoking (OR=3.9; 95%CI: 1.2-12.8), past genital warts (OR=26.2; 95%CI: 2.3-298.5), higher lifetime number of sexual partners (OR= 9.5; 95%CI: 2.2-41.8, ≥7 partners compared to 1-2), higher house income (OR=8.0; 95%CI: 1.5-42.0, ≥100K CAD compared to <40k CAD), and current HPV-16 infection (OR=9.3; 95%CI :1.1-80.1). Anti-HPV antibodies of newborns and their mothers were highly correlated: r=0.81 (95%CI: 0.70-0.88), r=0.68 (95%CI: 0.5-0.80), r=0.90 (95%CI: 0.83-0.94) and r=0.85 (95%CI: 0.76-0.91) for anti-VPH-6/11/16/18, respectively. Anti-HPV antibodies detected at birth waned before 24 months for all children (median waning time, in months: 6 (95%CI: 6-12) for anti-HPV-6, 12 (95%CI: 6-12) for anti-HPV-6 and 11, and 12 (95%CI: 6-.) for anti-HPV-18). Conclusions: Factors associated with HPV-16 seropositivity are similar to risk factors for HPV infection and progression. Maternal HPV antibodies against HPV-6/11/16/18 are transferred to offspring during pregnancy, and wane before 24 months of life.

Keyphrases: Buvard, Human papillomavirus, Serology, Pregnant women, Mother-newborn correlation, Dried blood spot, Serum, Vertically acquired immunity, Antibody dynamics in children
Développement et validation de modèles pour le diagnostic de l'asthme professionnel

The diagnosis of occupational asthma (OA) is challenging since the use of specific inhalation challenge (SIC) as the reference test is not widely accessible. This retrospective diagnostic study is aimed to evaluate current diagnostic tools and to develop clinical scores for OA (defined as positive SIC). Data from workers with suspected OA who were exposed to high-molecular-weight (HMW) (n=139) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) agents (n=285) and still working one month before the SIC were evaluated. Logistic regression models were developed in each exposure group. The added values of different objective tests to clinical and exposure characteristics were evaluated. The models were tested for accuracy, and, validated internally by the bootstrapping procedure. The final models were translated into clinical score and the sum scores were stratified into risk groups. In workers exposed to LMW agents, the predictive model did not perform better diagnostically than the methacholine challenge test alone. In the HMW group, the final model including sex, age >40 years, symptom duration ≥1 year, rhinoconjunctivitis, inhaled corticosteroid use, the methacholine challenge test, and specific SPT had a good accuracy and reasonable internal validation. The high probability category of the predictive model had a better specificity and positive predicted value compared to the combination of methacholine challenge test and specific SPT in detecting OA but did not reach the statistical significance. Our results suggest that this model could quantify an individual’s probability of OA. This model emphasizes the necessity of performing both tests in order to have a more accurate diagnosis in workers exposed to HMW agents. In centers where access to SIC is difficult or impossible, our model might be of benefit in diagnosing OA. Nevertheless, external validation of the model is necessary. Key words: occupational asthma, diagnostic model, prevention, clinical score.

Keyphrases: Occupational Asthma, Diagnostic Model, Prevention, Clinical Score
The association between childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication use and symptoms of mental health problems in adolescence : A 15-year longitudinal population-based study

Over the past 30 years, the use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication has drastically increased in Western nations. However, little is known about the longitudinal treatment patterns of ADHD and the long-term mental health outcomes associated with the use of ADHD medication in children. The objectives of this thesis are to identify groups of children with distinctive trajectory patterns of ADHD medication use between the ages of 3.5 and 15 years, and to test whether the use of ADHD medication during childhood is associated with symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, depression and anxiety in adolescence.   Trajectories of ADHD medication use were estimated from a 15-year population-based longitudinal birth cohort (n=1443). Information on ADHD medication use was provided by the parents (of children aged 3.5-15 years). Symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, depression and anxiety were self-reported by the participants at 15 years. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the association between childhood ADHD medication use and symptoms of mental health problems in adolescence.  Three trajectories of ADHD medication use were identified in children: no/low ADHD medication use, early-onset use and late-onset use. Medication was generally initiated during middle childhood for individuals in the early-onset trajectory group and during adolescence for those following the late onset-trajectory. Children on the early and late trajectories (combined) did not have significantly higher hyperactivity nor impulsivity scores at 15 years compared to those on the no/low ADHD medication use trajectory. However, males had higher inattention and depression scores.   Childhood ADHD medication use was associated with the persistence of certain types of ADHD symptoms in adolescence as well as with higher levels of adolescent depression symptoms. Future studies should further examine the long-term effectiveness of ADHD medication and its effect on the subsequent development of affective disorders in children with ADHD. They should also include larger samples of medicated girls to allow for meaningful sex comparisons.

Keyphrases: Médicament TDAH, Adolescence, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD medication, Longitudinal study, Childhood, Long-term effectiveness, Long-term effects, Depression, Anxiety
Travail du sexe chez les personnes qui s’injectent des drogues : impact sur les comportements à risque et associations avec l’infection par le VIH

Recent analyses have shown an emerging association between sex work and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in the SurvUDI network, a biobehavioral survey conducted in Central Eastern Canada since 1995. The main objective of this study was to identify correlates of HIV infection among people who inject drugs and report sex work (PWID-SWs) in this network, after stratification by sex, and to compare these correlates to those of sexually active participants who did not report sex work. HIV prevalence was higher among PWID-SWs than among their non-SWs counterparts, and PWID-SWs were particularly vulnerable to HIV infection as a result of higher levels of vulnerability factors and injection risk behaviours. Risk taking patterns also varied according to gender, with a large proportion of injection risk behaviours being associated with HIV among women and, conversely, a stronger association between sexual behaviors and HIV prevalence being observed among men. These results emphasize the need for specific interventions taking gender and sex work into account.

Keyphrases: Canada, People who inject drugs, Sex work, Risk-taking behaviours, HIV
Exploration de l’effet de la salubrité du logement et de l’environnement bâti sur la santé mentale et le bien-être

Objective: Inadequate housing conditions, such as the presence of excessive moisture, mold and pests, as well as certain aspects of the built environment appear to be related to the mental health and well-being of the occupants. Few studies examine this aspect of environmental health, and those identified in the literature do not simultaneously address the issue of housing quality and the characteristics of the built environment in relation with the occupants’ mental health. The objective of this study is to explore the association between housing quality and the built environment of a low-rent housing complex and the mental health and well-being of the residents. Methodology: Questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with residents of a low-rent housing complex. Independent variables include housing conditions such as the presence of mold, excessive moisture or pests, as well as perceived safety, access to infrastructure, disturbing noise and control over housing. Dependent variables include depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and well-being measured by validated questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between these variables. Results: A total of 65 people participated in the study between August and November 2016. Almost 80% of people report the presence of cockroaches in their dwelling. More than half of the participants perceive disturbing noises in their dwelling mainly coming from their neighbors. Problems of access to infrastructures (Green space, shop services, public transports) are raised by about 10% of residents. About 20% of residents reported a perceived lack of security in the complex or neighborhood. Anxiety and depressive disorders were detected in 31% and 28% of respondents, respectively. Twenty-five percent of residents had a low well-being score. Associations were found between a lower well-being score and perception of disturbing noises, lack of control over housing, lack of security in the neighborhood, and lack of access to public transit. Conclusion: Specific features relating to the social and psychological aspects of housing and the configuration and location of the building are associated with the well-being of residents of a low-rent housing complex.

Keyphrases: Inadequate housing condition, Built environment, Well-being, Mental health
Infant cognitive, motor and language development at 2 years of age following conception through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) relative to natural conception : findings from the prospective, longitudinal, cohort “3D-Study”

Objective: Whether assisted reproductive techniques (ART) have an impact on infants’ long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes remains controversial. In this study, we compared infants’ cognitive, motor, and language development at 2 years of age following ART relative to natural conception. Methods: The prospective cohort “3D-Study” was carried out from 2010-2012. 2,366 pregnant women were recruited, of which 278 conceived with ART: ovarian stimulation (OS), intrauterine sperm insemination (IUI), in-vitro fertilization (IVF), intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or in-vitro maturation (IVM). Natural conception was defined as the unassisted establishment of pregnancy. Cognitive, motor, and language neurodevelopmental outcomes were compared between ART and natural conception groups at 24 months using “The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd ed. (BSID-III)” and the “MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories”. Adjusted linear regression models evaluated the effect of ART on neurodevelopmental outcomes, using natural conception as reference. Results: 175 infants in the ART group (62.9%) and 1,345 infants in the natural conception group (64.4%) underwent neurodevelopmental assessment at 24 months of age. After adjusting for relevant confounders, infants born after ART showed no difference in BSID-III cognitive scores [B1(SE)=-1.60(0.9), p=0.08], composite motor scores [B1(SE)=-1.33(1.0), p=0.18] or MacArthur-Bates language scores [B1(SE)=-0.28(2.1), p=0.89]. No statistically significant difference was observed when comparing independent ART techniques or subfertile conceptions, nor comparing in-vivo or in-vitro techniques (p>0.05). Conclusion: In this prospective cohort, infants born after ART had no significant differences in cognitive, motor, and language development relative to infants born following natural conception at 2 years of age. These findings may be useful in the clinical counseling of patients undergoing ART.

Keyphrases: infant neurodevelopment, assisted reproduction, cognition, motor skills, language development
Les anticholinergiques à longue action chez les patients atteints de maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique

Long-acting anticholinergics (LAAC) are prescribed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Few studies estimated the prevalence of polypharmacy, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the incidence of acute urinary retention (AUR), and the 1-year adherence and 5-year persistence to newly prescribed LAAC. No studies examined the likelihood of initiating a subsequent treatment episode in COPD patients who recently stopped their LAAC. A cohort of COPD patients was reconstructed from Quebec administrative databases. Cohort entry was defined as the first LAAC prescription date on/after the first COPD diagnosis recorded between October 1, 2003 and March 31, 2014 and corresponded to the initiation of a LAAC treatment episode. If applicable, a subsequent LAAC treatment episode was identified in the 5 years following the cessation of the initial episode. The cohort included 113,435 COPD patients. Patients with polypharmacy, CKD, and BPH represented 81.4%, 12.4%, and 15.0%, respectively. The incidence was 1 AUR per 100 person-years, which was significantly increased by those conditions. The likelihood of initiating a subsequent episode was greatest immediately after the cessation of the initial episode, with 59% of patients starting a subsequent episode within 1 year. Adherence and persistence to LAAC were significantly lower in the subsequent treatment episode compared to the initial episode (P<0.0001). In conclusion, the incidence of AUR is significantly increased by polypharmacy, CKD, and BPH. In fact, AUR should be closely monitored when LAAC treatment is initiated among COPD patients, as well as medication adherence and persistence.

Keyphrases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, long-acting anticholinergics, polypharmacy, chronic kidney disease, benign prostate hyperplasia, acute urinary retention, adherence, persistence, treatment episode, administrative databases
TRK-Fused Gene (TFG), une protéine impliquée dans le système de sécrétion de protéines, est une composante essentielle de la réponse antivirale innée

The type I interferons (IFN) response represents key signaling event leading to potent antiviral state. As such, deciphering roles of new regulators of innate immunity could transform the antiviral treatment paradigm by introducing novel panviral therapeutics designed to reinforce antiviral host responses. The IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) production is supported by the recognition of RNA viruses by patternrecognition receptors, including retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLR). Upon sensing of viral RNA, the E3 ubiquitine ligase tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is recruited along with its substrate TRAF family member-associated nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B activator (TANK)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to mitochondrial antiviral signaling adaptor (MAVS)-containing subcellular compartments. However, regulation of such events remains largely unresolved. Here, we identify tropomyosin-receptor kinase (TRK)-fused gene (TFG), a protein involved in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicle biogenesis, as a new TRAF3- interacting protein allowing the efficient recruitment of TRAF3 to MAVS and TBK1 upon RLR activation following viral infection. Silencing its expression also compromised virus-induced phosphorylation of TBK1 on Ser172, activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and production of ISGs and IFN-beta globally resulting in a decreased antiviral state. Preliminary results also identify a new link between the previously unrelated RLR and mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Indeed, following viral infection, TFG-dependant phosphorylation of mTOR on Ser2159 by TBK1 seems to allow the activation of mTOR and the following translation of ISGs. Our study therefore identifies TFG as an essential component of type I IFN antiviral response by stimulating both the transcription and translation of antiviral agents.

Keyphrases: TRK-fused gene, RIG-I, MAVS, TRAF3, TBK1, mTOR, Innate immunity, Antiviral response, Interferon