NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Identification de composés naturels contre Saprolegnia sp., un champignon pathogène en aquaculture

Saprolegniosis, a fungal disease which affects wild and farm fish, is caused by the water mold Saprolegnia sp. Visible cotton-like white or grey patches on fish skin are often the first sign of infection. This ubiquitous saprophyte infects dead fish eggs and then spreads to healthy eggs resulting in major losses due to mortalities. Saprolegniosis is often a secondary infection; however some virulent strains are known to cause primary infection on injured or stressed salmonids. Important economic losses in aquaculture are reported every year worldwide due to saprolegniosis. Infection by Saprolegnia sp. was well controlled with the use of an organic dye with great antifungal efficacy; malachite green. Unfortunately, the use of malachite green was banned in 2002 worldwide due to its carcinogenic and toxicological effects. Up until now, no new treatment as effective as malachite green has been discovered. Natural extracts or molecules with potential antifungal properties have also been tested using two techniques (with hemp seeds and with agar cylinders). Molecules from propolis extracts (beeswax), active against Saprolegnia sp. have been identified. Furthermore, culture supernatant of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be able to inhibit the growth of Saprolegnia. The intercellular signal molecule produced by P. aeruginosa 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ) was identified as the active compound against Saprolegnia.

Keyphrases: Saprolegnia sp., propolis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, HHQ, Saprolegniosis, 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline
Architecture at the service of ideology : William Morris, the Anglican Church and the destruction, restoration and protection of medieval architecture in victorian England

Abstract   This research seeks to examine and contextualize the origins of the modern architectural conservation movement. In this context, William Morris’ founding of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings is considered to be the culmination of a complex history and process that lead to the movement’s creation. Its genesis is presented as having resulted from the confrontation between diverging views and idealizations of the middle ages, the Anglican Church, and William Morris. An extensive survey of the origins, results, and effects of Gothic Revival points to the literary, ideological, and religious components which gave it its main impetus. The widespread restoration programs carried out in Victorian England in the nineteenth century are largely examined in relation to the Anglican Church and presented as having been motivated by its ideological concerns. Although this research does not manage to demonstrate unequivocally that William Morris’ founding of the modern architectural conservation movement sprang from a direct reaction to the Anglican Church’s religious program in the nineteenth century, it does reevaluate the causes and impact of the Gothic Revival and demonstrates how these were at odds with some of Morris’ most fundamental beliefs and principles.   While there is a sizeable body of scholarly work examining William Morris’ work as a poet, artist and socialist, his great contribution to the conservation of ancient buildings has clearly been minimized in comparison. This research project examines the factors and conditions that led Morris towards the creation of an organization which to this day remains highly pertinent and influential.

Keyphrases: William Morris, Anglican revival, SPAB, Victorian England, Architectural conservation
Les cycles d'azulejos de l'église du couvent de Louriçal (Portugal) attribués à Valentim de Almeida (1692-1779)

The convent of Louriçal’s church owns thirty-four panels of ceramic tile works (azulejos) representing four iconographic cycles (the passion of Christ, the Virgin Mary, the lives of Saint Francis of Assisi and Saint Clare).  The creation of these panels is attributed to Valentim de Almeida (1692-1779).  These art works have never before been studied. This thesis aims to demonstrate how these four cycles are articulated among themselves. It also defines the link with the iconography and the historiography of Franciscan tradition in Portugal. Our main purpose is to determine how these azulejos go beyond the decorative and pedagogical functions to link themselves with other artistic elements (painting, sculpture and architecture).  This study will allow us to interpret the sequence of events described in the narratives and to ascertain its coherence to the sensibility of King John V period and as well to the spirit of the Franciscan order during the first half of the 18th Century. It is known that a ceramic painter is not usually a creator hence, what was his inspiration? Was the artist of Louriçal inspired by engravings? If so, were these engravings source of inspiration or mere models for copying?   How can we explain the ubiquitous glorification of the Eucharist in this 18th Century monument in a context that intensely breathes the Council of Trent spirit and the Catholic Reformation? A non-exhaustive counterpart presents notes on the life of Sister Maria do Lado the founder of the congregation and on the history of the Louriçal convent.

Keyphrases: Portugal, azulejos, Valentim de Almeida, John V, Franciscan
Analyse quantitative des cyanotoxines d'eau douce par LDTD-APCI-MS/MS

Within the context of the worldwide increasing frequency of cyanobacterial (CB) blooms, some containing cyanotoxins (CT), the development of a detection/quantification method for the fast analysis a maximum of CT is necessary. This method would allow daily tracking of the toxicity of CB-contaminated water such that, as warranted, appropriate measures can be taken quickly to protect public health. A new technology using laser diode thermal desorption (LDTD) coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has shown great potential to reduce analysis time to seconds. Analytes are desorbed by the LDTD, ionized in gas-phase by APCI and detected by MS/MS. Therefore, there is no chromatographic separation and sample treatment prior to analysis is minimal, depending on the complexity of the sample matrix.  Among the four CT tested (microcystin-LR, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin and anatoxin-a (ANA-a)), only ANA-a exhibited sufficient desorption which is necessary to develop an analytical method with the LDTD-APCI interface. The strong polarity or high molecular weight of the other CT probably inhibited their efficient desorption.  Optimization of instrumental parameters, while accounting for the isobaric interference caused by the acid amino phenylalanine (PHE) in the detection of ANA-a by MS/MS, generated a detection limit of the order of 1 ug/L ANA-a. This value was obtained in a simulated natural matrix, demonstrating that it would be possible to use LDTD to monitor ANA-a in natural waters within the range of current applicable environmental guidelines (1 to 12 ug/L). Because PHE desorption is limited with the LDTD-APCI interface, this method avoids its interference on ANA-a analysis, even at PHE concentrations as high as 500 ug/L.

Keyphrases: LDTD, APCI, MS/MS, Anatoxin-a, Phenylalanine, Cyanotoxin, Microcystin, Saxitoxin, Cylindrospermopsin, Cyanobacteria
Essais en économie avec frictions financières

The three essays in this thesis study the implications of financial frictions, such as collateral and credit constraints, for economic decisions of agents and their impact on aggregate macroeconomic variables.  In the first chapter "Financial Contracts and the Political Economy of Investor Protection", we propose a theory of the level of investor protection. Lower investor protection implies higher cost of external financing due to more severe agency problems between outside investors and entrepreneurs. In equilibrium, this excludes more financially dependent agents from entrepreneurship, increasing the profits of the remaining entrepreneurs. When the level of investor protection is chosen by majority voting, the theory generates (i) lower investor protection in economies with higher inequality in financial dependence across entrepreneurs, (ii) non-monotone output dynamics, (iii) improvements (worsening) of investor protection following output slowdowns (accelerations). The empirical evidence provides some support to these predictions.  In the second chapter "Financial Frictions, Internal Capital Markets, and the Organization of Production", we investigate how the presence of financial frictions may lead to formation of diversified conglomerates or business groups. Specifically, we build a general equilibrium model of entrepreneurship in which business groups arise endogenously and partially substitute for imperfect credit market. We show that the model is able to quantitatively explain several key stylized facts on the way production is organized, on cross-firm productivity differences, and on cross-country differences in the degree of conglomeration.  The third chapter "Size and Productivity of Single-segment and Diversified Firms: Evidence from Canadian Manufacturing" studies empirically the relation between size, productivity, and the organizational structure of a firm. Using micro-data on Canadian manufacturing plants, we document several stylized facts about size and total factor productivity of establishments in conglomerates and single-segment firms. We find that establishments in conglomerates are on average larger than their counterparts in single-segment firms, small plants in conglomerates are less productive than plants of similar size in single-segment firms, but large plants in conglomerates are more productive than those of similar size in single-segment firms. This evidence is consistent with efficient internal reallocation of resources in conglomerates.

Keyphrases: Financial frictions, Investor protection, Financial contracts, Political economy, Conglomerate, Establishment size distribution, Total factor productivity
Évaluation de l’effet du neurofeedback sur les capacités d’inhibition d’enfants ayant un Trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec hyperactivité

In recent years, there has been a lively interest in the use of neurofeedback (NF) as an alternative treatment to pharmacotherapy in pediatric Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). NF is defined as an operant conditioning procedure whereby an individual learns to self-regulate electrical brain activity. Yet, empirical studies supporting its practice are harshly criticized in the field of ADHD research due to systematic unspecific positive results associated to numerous methodological flaws.     Studies presented in this dissertation aim at applying a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial to the investigation of NF specific effects. In order to further establish treatment specificity, we trained the participants using a NF protocol characteristic to motor-inhibition functioning since it has repeatedly been described as the core deficit in ADHD. The fist part of this thesis comprises a brief review of knowledge concerning ADHD, principal treatments offered for this disorder, NF research in pediatric ADHD and inhibition abilities in these children (Chapter 1). Following are the two studies conducted as part of this dissertation. In the initial study, effects of NF training are investigated on inhibition capacities by means of behavior rating scales and neuropsychological tests (Chapter 2). With the aim of further defining the consequence of training to self-regulate ones brain activity, the subsequent study looks at the neurophysiologic impact of improving inhibition capacities with an event-related potential study using a Stop-signal continuous performance task (Chapter 3).     The principal results reveal a non optimal recruitment, with insufficient statistical power, thus precluding quantitative group statistics. Nevertheless, appreciating the data from a multiple case study perspective enables to suggest that a placebo response could be at play following NF training, such as measured by improvements on inhibition capacities. Finally, the implications of such a small sample size, limits and critics of these studies are discussed in Chapter 4.

Keyphrases: Neurofeedback, ADHD, Inhibition, Motivation, Randomization, Placebo-controlled, Single-blind
Blood, fire and fertility : human remains and ritual practices at the temple pyramid groups of Cantona, Puebla, Mexico

The prehispanic city of Cantona, located in the Valley of Oriental in the state of Puebla, Mexico, reached its first cultural apogee between 150 B.C. - 600/650 A.D.  During this time, ceremonial complexes such as Temple Pyramid Groups and ballcourts were constructed. These served as the location for a number of rituals involving the beheading, dismemberment, defleshing, flaying, boiling, burning, and in some cases, the consumption of sacrifice victims. Other human body treatment included the burial of individuals in flexed seated positions. To better understand the ritual mortuary treatment of human bodies at Cantona, the finds are compared with data from three neighboring areas: the Valley of Mexico, Puebla-Tlaxcala, and the Gulf of Mexico. From this information, it can be deduced that most of discoveries at Cantona are the remains of rites dedicated to deity communication and fertility while those of individuals in flexed, seated positions belong to religious actors.

Keyphrases: Cantona, Sacrifice, Rite, Mesoamerica, Classic Period, Temple pyramid, Sacrifice, Cannibalism, Ritual, Bloodletting
Three essays on metamorphoses of social capital and associational culture in Eastern Europe

A triptych of essays presents the versatility and the evasiveness of the trendy concept of social capital on several planes – global, national, and regional, as well as in the present and in the past. The first article challenges the influential hypothesis that there is cohabitation between civic engagement and democracy. While valid at a general level, the relationship is not confirmed once heterogeneous categories are disaggregated. For the European post-Communist countries, the pattern of the relationship between the regime type and the propensity to associate closely resembles the one in Latin mature democracies, provided that membership in voluntary associations is chosen as a measurement of social capital. Less intensive civic life does not bode for predicaments in democracy. The second article is an original compilation of more than 100 organizations classified according to contemporary standards and a collection of narratives about a dozen of the most popular organizations in Bulgaria since the 19th century. This invaluable contribution to the historiography of Bulgarian associational life until 1944 is the result of field work which combined personal interviews with historians of the organizations and archival research of original documents. The organizational panopticon serves as an empirical refutation of the hypothesis inferring that present organizational weakness of post- Communism is due to the lack of developed organizational life in the past. The merits of the third article are twofold. On empirical level it is demonstrated that the most important cultural organization in Bulgaria emerged iv as a nation-building institution modeled initially by imitating similar ones in other European countries and later by adapting foreign experiences to the local specific conditions. The collection of original Bulgarian references is unique and it is again a product of meticulous work with documents and personal interviews. On a more abstract level it confirms the applicability of the voluminous and unstructured theory on policy transfer to a historical case existing before the appearance of the theory itself. Last, but not least, the overview of the major European precursors of the Bulgarian reading club represents a modest tribute to the less known field of political sociology of history of reading. Keywords: Eastern Europe, post-Communism, democracy, civil society, civic engagement, voluntary organizations, Third sector, membership, transfer of ideas, lesson-drawing.

Keyphrases: Voluntary organizations, Third sector, Eastern Europe, Post-Communism, Democracy, Civil society, Civic engagement, Membership, Transfer of ideas, Lesson-drawing
L’extinction de l'extension juridique des conventions collectives dans le secteur manufacturier au Québec : le cas de l'industrie du vêtement

  In November 1999, the Government of Quebec has adopted the bill 47 related to the Act respecting conditions of employment in certain sectors of the clothing industry which amended the Act respecting labour standards (1999, c. 57). On June 30 2000, after the bill came into force, the four (4) sectoral decrees regulating the terms of employment of approximately 23,000 workers in apparel production were repealed (leather glove, men’s and boy’s shirt, men’s wear and ladies’s garment).  This research demonstrates that even if in line with the deregulation logical of the government aiming to foster competitiveness, the continuation of replacement standards for the decrees in the Quebec’s clothing industry does not stem for all that from a fully neo-liberal deregulation. In a more academic view, the surveyed labour standards plan’s emergence and fate reveal the political nature of the wage rule determination process, legislative or contractual. This dynamics is based on the changeable characteristic of the power relationship and influence of the institutionnal actors involved in the legislative regulation where the State is destined to play an enabler role – and not as an independent referee – in regard of the pressures resulting of the wage labour relationship and the production mode in which this one is embedded.

Keyphrases: Decree, Collective agreement, Apparel, Labour unions
Les défis de la gestion alimentaire des personnes atteintes de la démence de type Alzheimer : le vécu des aidants dans le cadre d’une intervention nutritionnelle ciblée

Introduction: Caregivers of older adults suffering from Alzheimer disease (AD) are confronted by many challenges related to the care of their family members, including dietary management. However these challenges remain poorly understood by health professionals and strategies for managing these challenges are still not very effective. Objectives: To identify difficulties encountered by caregivers related to dietary management of their family members with AD taking part in a nutritional intervention (NIS study), and to gather their opinions about this intervention. Subjects: Thirty-three caregivers of older adults with AD were targeted from the NIS study intervention group. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, individual interviews were conducted with these caregivers, the verbatim was transcribed and a thematic analysis was carried out. Results: Twenty-four caregivers were interviewed. Some 58.4 % were 70 years old and older and 58.3 % were spouses of the patients. Four categories of themes emerged, leading to the identification of the following dietary challenges: changes in food habits (e.g. modification of food preferences); eating behavior disturbances (e.g.forgetting meals); dependence for meal preparation. The usefulness of the nutrition counseling, the kindness and the competence of the NIS personnel, the written material offered and the length of the follow-up were appreciated by the caregivers. Conclusion: A better understanding of the caregiver’s experience is essential for the development of nutrition interventions adapted to the needs of caregivers and older adults with AD.

Keyphrases: nutrition, Alzheimer, caregiver, qualitative research
The role of the Ruah YHWH in creative transformation : a process theology perspective applied to Judges 14

The Ruah YHWH plays a key role in the creative transformation of both the universe and actual entities; however, that role has still to be developed. Process theology, of which I shall endeavour to define some important notions in Chapter 1, offers a platform I shall attempt to build upon in order to examine such an important role in a chaotic world. The aim of this dissertation is to explore the Ruah YHWH in Her role of creative transformation, which I argue to ultimately be that of bringing order, peace, and harmony in the world, communities, the life of actual entities, etc.   Chapter 1 is an overview of some key notions of process theology: first, the concept of “actual entities” is defined. Secondly, I examine the phases of concrescence in the becoming of an actual entity. And finally, I look at the concepts of creativity and transformation in the perspective of the Ruah YHWH prior to examining the “three natures” of God, primordial, consequent, and superjective.    Chapter 2 defines the pericope of this dissertation: Judges 13:24-14:20. The structure of the pericope is based upon the methods of textual criticism and syntactical analysis. While the first examination deals with some difficulties the original Hebrew text presents, the second deals with the structural organization of the verses grammatical propositions. The two examinations allow me to propose a translation of the pericope. Chapter 3 is an application of what was laid out in Chapter 1 on the pericope established in Chapter 2. In the course of the third chapter, I employ an innovative (original) processual approach developed by Robert David in his recent book Déli_ l’ÉCRITURE. Then, Chapter 4 proposes, out of the preceding chapters, some contemporary hermeneutical principles which enlighten the role of the Ruah YHWH in the creative transformation of the world: life, love, and peace.

Keyphrases: Ruah YHWH, Samson, Process Theology, Holy Spirit, Ruah YHWH, Judges 14, Samson, Exegesis, Textual Criticism, Syntactical Analysis
Étude qualitative sur les liens entre l'implication parentale et l'évolution du jeune placé en centre de réadaptation ou en probation dans la communauté

This report is a reflection that focuses on the potential impact of parental involvement with the clinical process of their youths in rehabilitation. Indeed, the alliance of parents in decisions and implementations of educational measures is often encouraged to achieve the goals of empowerment and social reintegration of young offenders. It also helps to increase the chances for the generalization of acquired leanings and is a real lever available to youth’s care workers to fulfill their mission of rehabilitation. In order to verify the accuracy of the above, five youths aged 14-18 years, sentenced to intermittent custody and probation, were followed through this setting in the course of an internship at “le Centre jeunesse de Montreal-Institut universitaire”. Considerable efforts were made to involve their parents who, unfortunately, have hardly been present. Despite this, very interesting things were observed. In general, the conclusions from the process congregate with the existing literature which tends to support that the participation of parents in their children’s activities, being involvement in the performance of the latter, both in their education as well as their rehabilitation. However, it is important to note that this correlation should still not be considered as absolute as it may depend on other variables including the real influence of parents on the child, the child's predisposition to change (self-awareness or motivation to change), the will or the actual intention of parents to participate in this process (a purely cultural variable), the individual resilience of some people...

Keyphrases: parents, probation