NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Associations concave-convexe entre le C60 et les dérivés du phosphangulène, une triarylphosphine de forme conique

The performance of molecular devices such as solar cells or light-emitting diodes can be optimized by controlling how the active-layer components are organized. Fullerenes and their derivatives are often used in photovoltaic devices for their electron-accepting and conductive properties. It is therefore important to design molecular structures that can interact with fullerene units and thus direct their organization. The electron-accepting character and convex shape of fullerenes favor the choice of a partner with a complementary surface that is electron-donating and concave. Phosphangulene, a hexacyclic triarylphosphine that meets these criteria and is easily functionalizable, was chosen as the basic structure for synthesizing targets. This thesis describes the synthesis and structure of phosphangulene derivatives and their cocrystals obtained with fullerenes through four articles submitted during this doctorate. The first article describes the synthesis of chalcogenide derivatives of phosphangulene. These derivatives have many polymorphs, resulting in good candidates for cocrystallization. The second article focuses on cocrystals of these chalcogenide derivatives with C60 and C70. In the third article, we describe the complexes obtained by the coordination of phosphangulene with transition metals. Finally, in the fourth article, we talk about the salts of μ-nitrido-bis (phosphangulene), an organic cation where two phosphangulene units are bridged by a nitrogen atom, as well as the crystals resulting from the combination of this bridging ligand and C60.

Keyphrases: interactions concave-convexe, phosphine, fullerenes, phosphangulene, polymorphism, concave-convex interactions, cocrystals, coordination complexes, organic salts
Systèmes catalytiques pour la photosynthèse artificielle : 
optimisation par l'application des concepts du design moléculaire en chimie de coordination

In the current ecological and environmental context, Mankind needs to find alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels, as their combustion is a major cause of the current global climate change affecting our daily life a bit more each year. Inspired by Nature and the photosynthetic process, a new area at the interface between chemistry, physics and engineering has emerged in the 70s: artificial photosynthesis. Since then, many catalytic systems have been reported but their integration at commercial scale has not yet been achieved. Several challenges remain to improve their performances, ensure efficient coupling between the different reactions and enhance the long-term stability of these devices. Within this doctoral thesis, we have focused on exploring the coordination chemistry of ruthenium and rhenium complexes, ubiquitous in the literature though their properties can still be vastly tuned by designing new ligands. In a different approach, polyoxometalates, which are inorganic compounds half-way between oxides and molecules with fascinating properties, were recruited to develop covalent dyads, a strategy enabling stabilization of the dye under photocatalytic conditions.

Keyphrases: photocatalyse, Photosynthesis, Photocatalysis, Coordination chemistry, Polyoxometalate
Le fonctionnement des interactions entre les acteurs privés et publics impliqués dans l’organisation de la sécurité au Festival d’Été de Québec

The Council of Canadian Academies (2014) mentioned in his report that there is a lack of research on the security web in Canada, and how police can operate in this multi-stakeholder environment. In this security configuration, researches count several collaborative strategies between the police and private security, including public-private partnerships that knows a non-negligible growth since the early 2000s. This study aims to increase knowledge on public-private partnerships practices using the festive events as study environments. Specifically, this study describes the operation of the interactions between public and private actors implicated in the security organization of the Festival d’Été de Québec in its 2018 edition. To do this, semi-structured interviews with members of the management of each public actor and private were conducted, as well as sessions of observations on the field and during security trainings. The research results reveal that in the Festival d’Été de Québec, the collaboration is mainly between public institutions and internal security organization. The data report that relations between the actors are mostly complementary and coexistent, depending on the actors, that they are pursuing mutually the same guideline and that harmonious interpersonal relationships are at the heart of this partnership. However, the data relate that the social issue of staff recruitment is the issue that affects the most the relations between the actors and the partnership. Also, the defaulting communication and sharing of information, the competition between private security agencies, the inadequate training of security personnel and the subcontracting of other private security agencies are considered obstacles to the public-private partnership. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that festive events represent a potential and significant opportunities to develop collaborative partnerships between police and private security. It also allows a better integration and application of these practices in the security network, and a better understanding of the roles held by the police in these collaborative strategies.

Keyphrases: Police, Public-private partnership, Private security, Major festive event
Representaciones del territorio desde la participación de las mujeres Indígenas Nasa en Caloto, Colombia

This research is about the representation of the territory and the political participation of Nasa indigenous women from Huellas, Caloto reservation. The main argument is described below.  The Nasa community is one of the largest Indigenous Reservations of Colombia. They enjoy recognition for their administrative organization. They lead the Regional Indigenous Council of Cauca (CRIC ), which is considered to be the most important social indigenous movement of the country. The Nasa claims are oriented towards the recovery of its territories that have been occupied by armed illegal forces. After the National Constitution of 1991, this community have demanded the government to respect and fulfill the rights of the reservations, based on the collective property of land. They symbolize, ritualize, and appropriate them throughout the implementation of cabildos , health systems, and particular education models. Specifically, it is taken as reference the case of the Reservation de Huellas in the municipality of Caloto, in the Department of Cauca. One of its pillars is led by women who exercise a predominant role. This text is written from their voices, aiming at describing and comprehending the relationship with their territory, the environment, and the role they play from the daily life, from inside the families and within the dynamics of the community in general.  In regards to the construction of the community, the study shows how women have accompanied the processes and strategies to maintain and extend the territories of the north of Cauca, fighting against the elite landowners and all the armed groups, trying to reach the Nasa ethnic claims, and preserving and transmitting their memories. More than ten years ago, women started to claim their recognition and participation in different spaces, resulting in an important increase of women’s participation in the political, economic, and social spaces of the community, which have been traditionally occupied by men. This is why this research was carried out from this indigenous reservation. There, women have taken the initiative to generate spaces in which they discuss the role they play within the cabildo, to conclude that their capacity to exercise an active political role had been denied. Thus, this recognition has been the result of negotiations and at the same time, a sign of the socio-cultural transformations lived in this community that has fought against all odds.

Keyphrases: Nasa, Caloto, Territory, Memory, Resistance, Women, Reservation de Huellas
Construction d’une épistémologie critique pour la recherche interdisciplinaire à des fins d’action (intelligence artificielle et médecine personnalisée)

The rise of interdisciplinary studies at the end of the 20th century took the form of a critical movement which arose as a reaction to subspecialisation and reflects a remarkable reform in the history of thought which, despite being slow and discrete, is nevertheless still active. The principal objective of this dissertation is to argue for the construction of a critical epistemology in interdisciplinary research oriented towards action. This project is justified in the first part of the work by considering the problem which constitutes the heart of this intellectual exercise, that is, the lack of a theoretical discussion capable of articulating a fecund relationship with the “mature” discipline—a reflection capable of integrating the second epistemological revolution of the 20th century and consequently justifying, in a coherent manner, recourse to interdisciplinarity (Lemay, 2017). The first part of the dissertation, devoted to deconstructionism, explores these discursive phenomena and their current state of research (Chapters 1 and 2). It also aims to understand the diversity and scope of the epistemological debates that animated the 20th century (Chapter 3). Following the deconstructionist review, the discussion adopts a constructive character, where considerations foundational to the development of a theoretical apparatus highlight clearly the intellectual importance of the deliberations of the Frankfurt School for the field of interdisciplinary studies (Chapter 4). The second part reaches its peak in the construction of a critical epistemology for interdisciplinary research in social action, which could serve as an epistemological model for praxeology and the social sciences in general (Chapter 5). This model is based on four pillars or components, which characterize interdisciplinary thought as an original and alternative mode for the production of knowledge: the interpersonal, the transformative, the transversal, and the intercultural. Finally, in the third part, I propose two examples where interdisciplinary epistemology can be applied, one related to artificial intelligence and the other to personalized medicine; two new fields born at the crossings of many paths and whose application increasingly affects our daily lives (Chapters 6 and 7).  Three conclusions emerge from this discussion: interdisciplinary thought can be qualified as (i) an approach that is capable of handling the complexities of contemporary problems; (ii) as a resurgence of Critical Theory; and (iii) as the root and the application ground of new sciences linked to the development of Big Data and discoveries in the omic sciences.

Keyphrases: Interdisciplinarity, Epistemology, Applied Ethics, Social and Human Sciences, Philosophy of Science, Scientific revolutions, Critical Theory, Sociology of Knowledge, Artificial Intelligence, Personalized Medicine
Kirkland : généalogie d’une banlieue automobile

Considering the city as an expression of urbanity manifested mainly through the nature of accessibility between different urban places, this research aims to understand the relationship between road infrastructure and urban entities in the specific context of the contemporary North American city region. While following a regressive-progressive approach which is divided into three phases, this work seeks to understand the current urban reality by going back to the past. First, it is a descriptive phase based on the analysis of the current urban configuration of the city of Kirkland. This city is part of the city region of Montreal, considered –in this case of research– as a representative case of contemporary North American city region. During this phase, it was possible to explain the impact of the configuration of the road infrastructure system in the establishment of a dispersed city mainly characterized by the discontinuity of its global shape and the "limited" inter-accessibility of its urban entities. The street – which expresses urbanity before the advent of the automobile– ceded his place to interchanges, highways, and cul-de-sac. The automobile has clearly contributed to the reorganization of urbanized areas by changing the criteria of residential, commercial, industrial and service location which were based primarily on relationships of proximity and transformed the nature of the links between these different activities. In the analytical-regressive phase of research, we have been able to show that the urban form described above was conditioned by several factors, particularly the adhesion of individuals and communities to emerging values related to the consumption and use of the automobile, the decentralization of industrial production, the presence of large companies such as car manufacturers, suburbanization, regional planning and some urban theories, choices regarding road infrastructure and zoning, the implementation of governmental policies and the actions of public bodies, notably Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Interacting together, these elements had constituted a kind of "general climate" that had conditioned the materialization of the urban form of Kirkland. In a third place, the historic-genetic phase, enlightened both by the findings of the previous phase and by the historical and contextual facts of Kirkland, allowed us to understand the genesis and evolution of the urban form in question.

Keyphrases: Architecture, Urban studies, Regional planning, City region, Automobility, Automobile suburb, Road infrastructure, Urban form
Fold, check, hit me! Impact of lifestyle on the trajectories of problem gamblers

Several studies have demonstrated the intermittent nature of problematic gambling behaviours. Despite the upsurge in research in this area, few studies have examined the dynamics of gambling behaviour or the factors influencing gambling trajectories. Using a retrospective self-report gambler survey inspired by the life history calendar method, the current study sheds light on the intermittency of gambling and the static and dynamic factors that may modulate gambling trajectories. Attention was paid to deviant life circumstances, especially criminal offending, and their effects on gambling parameters. The multilevel analyses results, conducted with data gathered from a sample of a hundred problem gamblers, revealed the impact of life circumstances on these trajectories. On the one hand, sources of social control—hours worked, participation in therapy—have the effect of alleviating gambling problems. On the other hand, deviant life circumstances—commission of lucrative crimes, consumption of psychoactive substances, paying off gambling debt—exacerbated gambling.  The dynamic factors that predict changes in gambling behavior and identified in this research support the development of intervention policies based around them.

Keyphrases: Gambling problems, Life-course, Life circumstances, Deviant behaviours, Relapse, Relative losses
Terrorisme et radicalisation: Perceptions et pratiques policières en contexte suisse

The dramatic increase of interest in terrorism since the September 11, 2001, attacks justified significant adjustments to the mandates of various entities, including the police, as well as a reallocation of public resources in many Western countries. Although Switzerland has been safe from this type of attacks, the social relevance to study this phenomenon remains. Indeed, the government is investing more and more money in counterterrorism. In addition, an attack is difficult to predict and can cause damage on several levels. However, despite the international emphasis on this phenomenon, current knowledge of effective police practices for preventing and responding to terrorism and radicalization remains fragmented. The aim of this research is therefore to identify and analyze current practices regarding the prevention and the fight against terrorism and radicalization within a Swiss cantonal police force. In terms of terrorism, the police organization acts upon four axes: intelligence, prevention, intervention and crisis management. This study focused more on the first two axes, prevention and intelligence, while briefly addressing the other two. The analysis revealed that the opinion regarding the actual possibility of preventing terrorist attacks is mixed among police officers. In terms of intelligence, the common problems with intelligence units and intelligence-led policing, including the amount of information to be processed and the quality of the information, have been identified. It also emerged from the interviews that these new issues related to terrorism and radicalization do not profoundly change police field work in Switzerland.

Keyphrases: Police, Police cantonale, Cantonal police, Terrorism, Counterterrorism, Radicalization, Counter-radicalization, Fight against terrorism, Terrorism prevention, Intelligence, Antiterrorism legislation, Community policing, Switzerland
Le français, langue seconde? :  de l’évolution des lieux et langues de publication des chercheurs québécois, français, et allemands

Since the end of the Second World War, the spread of knowledge in the disciplines of the natural and medical sciences has been dominated by English. However, in the social sciences and humanities, national languages are generally considered to be much more determining, given the more localized focus of the subjects of these disciplines. To better understand the evolution of the place of English in these disciplines, this article analyzes, for Quebec, French and German researchers, the language in which the journals and articles of these disciplines are disseminated, the effect of the language on the reception of works and, finally, the relationship between the journal’s country of origin and the national aspect of the objects of study. Our results show the rise of English for each of the three countries, in all domains and even in national journals, greatest visibility for works published in English, and a strong relationship between national journals and national subjects, particularly in Quebec. The article concludes with a discussion of the causes and consequences of the phenomenon.

Keyphrases: Publication savante, France, Knowledge dissemination, Scholarly publication, Bibliometrics, Quebec, Germany
Décrire le présent en explorant le passé : relations entre plus ancien rêve rappelé, psychopathologie et personnalité

Early life experiences play a determinant role in the development of people’s personality and psychosocial functioning (Afifi, 2012; Agid et al., 1999). This thesis aimed to determine if people’s earliest remembered dream (ERD) can foreshadow their personality and level of psychopathology as adults. The content of 82 ERDs was first analyzed using quantitative and qualitative instruments. A majority of ERDs were negatively toned and the most frequently reported themes involved intrusions (22%), pursuit (17%), falling (9%), hostile environments (7%), flying (6%) and death (6%). In addition, most ERDs contained relatively complex storylines whose realism sometimes led to momentary confusions with waking life experiences. The content of the ERDs was then compared with measures of participants’ psychopathology (anxiety, depression, general psychopathology) and personally (neuroticism, extraversion). ERDs with neutral valence were associated with higher levels of depression than were negatively valenced ERDs (p = 0,048). The themes of intrusion (p = 0,009) and death (p = 0,009) were associated with lower scores for depression while that of hostile environment was associated with greater extraversion (p = 0,010). The results suggest a relation between people’s ERDs and their emotional regulation across time.

Keyphrases: Extraversion, Earliest remembered dream, Psychopathology, Neuroticism
L’apport des techniques d’intervention et des bénéfices anticipés sur la crédibilité du conseiller en évaluation du potentiel

Recent studies in the context of feedback in individual psychological assessment (IPA) demonstrated that candidates’ perceptions of the consultant’s credibility are strongly linked to the degree to which the candidates appropriate cognitive and behavioral feedback (Boudrias and al., 2014). However, it seems as though no studies have explored perceived consultant credibility at the moment of feedback transmission. Lessard and Boudrias (submitted) elaborated five types of feedback techniques, i.e., interventions used by the consultant to influence the candidate’s perceptions and feedback appropriation. The first objective is to determine the contribution of these techniques to the perceived credibility of the source transmitting the message. The second objective is to investigate whether the candidate’s anticipated benefits of the IPA process could be a variable that may moderate the relationship between the aforementioned techniques and perceived credibility. In an IPA context, 221 consultant-candidate dyads participated in the study. By studying one technique at a time, four of the five types of techniques were positively related to the advisor's perceived credibility. When regrouped in multiple regressions, no technique is a significative predictor. Also, anticipated benefits do not seem to intervene as a moderating variable according to this study’s results. The theoretical implications and practices of this study will be discussed.

Keyphrases: Feedback techniques, Source credibility, Anticipated benefits, Individual psychological assessment
Le space sharing : l'adaptation des commerçants indépendants face aux défis du commerce de détail des artères commerciales montréalaises

For a long time, Main streets were the only form of commercial organization that cities knew. The situation has changed over the past 100 years ; the commercial supply has changed and consumption patterns have diversified. The vitality of the Main streets has been undermined since the middle of the last century. In recent years, the increase in the property values of commercial buildings in Montreal's central neighborhoods has put additional pressure on the commercial activity of the Main streets. The independent retailers who occupy the vast majority of the commercial buildings of these streets face many difficulties and they must adapt. This difficult context is fertile for the emergence of new business concepts, including space sharing. Thus, this research explores the business opportunities offered by the practice of space sharing to independent retailers in Montreal's Main streets. The study was conducted with independent retailers who are in business on a commercial street in Montreal. From ten semi-structured interviews, this study reveals that space sharing is a solution adopted by independent retailers to face the challenges they face in the current context. It acts as a stepping stone, whether it is to have a storefront for the first time, to make the leap to the occupation of a commercial space alone, or to position itself strategically against the competition. Sometimes adopted as a structuring business model, other times as a transitional phase, space sharing allows the emergence of new businesses and acts on the vitality of independent retailers. Ultimately, it acts on the vitality of Montreal's commercial streets. This study opens up on a new business model that can be part of the solution for arteries that face difficulties.

Keyphrases: space sharing, retail, main street, independant retailers