NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Découverte de nouvelles interactions entre le virus de l'Hépatite C et l'hôte par une approche combinée de Spectrométrie de Masse et de Génomique Fonctionnelle

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and assembly are tightly regulated in time and space within the cell, most likely due to protein interactions between virus and host. In order to better understand HCV biology and its pathogenesis, there is a need to unravel virus/host interaction network. We extended our knowledge of virus/host interactions by the identification of cellular proteins associated to HCV proteins using an immunoprecipitation (IP) technique coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), and further evaluate the role of retrieved interactors using gene knockdown. FLAG-tagged viral proteins Core, NS2, NS3/4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B have been expressed individually in 293T human cells, and immunoprecipitated protein complexes have been submitted to MS analysis for identification of host proteins. In this study, 98 proteins were significantly enriched and showed specific interaction to a viral protein. Retrieval of previously characterized interacting proteins proved the strength of the method. Six newly identified interactors by MS were individually confirmed using IP of viral proteins. We evaluated the role of identified interactors in HCV replication by performing a functional lentivirus-based RNA interference (RNAi) screen. Two reporter systems were used: the sub- genomic replicon (Huh7-Con1-Fluc) and a full length infectious clone (J6/JFH-1/p7Rluc2a), as well as the cellular toxicity assay Alamar blue. Of the identified host interactors, 28 proteins showed a significant effect on HCV replication upon gene knockdown and without cellular toxicity. Overall, the study led to the identification of novel virus/host interactions essential in HCV life cycle and provides novel potential drug targets.

Keyphrases: Immunophiline, interactions protéine-protéine, Hepatitis C virus, Virology, host/virus interaction, Molecular Biology, Mass spectrometry, Immunoprecipitation, Genomic screening, RNAi, Immunophilin, Protein-protein interaction
Étude de la localisation génomique du complexe HDAC Set3

Chromatin is a DNA compaction system and the main mecanism of gene expression regulation. Acetylation of histones loosens DNA compaction and thus facilitates the recruitment of transcription factors. By opposition, histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes increase the compaction of chromatin and thus repress transcription.  Rpd3S, a HDAC complex, is recruited to chromatin by interaction with a phosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) on actively transcribed genes and its activity is stimulated by the presence of the mark H3K36me mark. During my Master degree, I optimized ChIP-chip, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as model organism, in order to investigate the localisation of two subunits (Hos2 and Set3) of another HDAC complex, Set3C. My datas demonstrate that Set3C subunits localized on actively transcribed genes, in a fashion similar to Rpd3S.  Further, Set3C is known to be recruited either by Pol II or H3K4me suggesting that Set3C has a similar recruitment mechanism than Rpd3S.  Future experiments in the laboratory will investigate the recruitment of Set3C.

Keyphrases: Transcription, HDAC, SET3, Genome, Chromatin, Microarray, ChIp-chip
Low cost synthesis of cathode and anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

In this thesis, low cost syntheses of cathode and anode materials for lithium ion batteries will be presented.   For cathode materials, low cost precursors were used to prepare LiFePO4 and LiFe0.3Mn0.7PO4 using low temperature hydrothermal method. Initially, a LiFePO4/C composite material was synthesized from a Fe2O3 precursor using a hydrothermal method to prepare LiFePO4(OH) in a first step followed by a fast calcination and carbon coating. Secondly, LiFePO4 with good crystallinity and high purity was synthesized, in one step, with nanometric sized Fe2O3 by a hydrothermal method. Thirdly, LiFe0.3Mn0.7PO4 was prepared using low cost Fe2O3 and MnO as precursors within a hydrothermal synthetic method.   For anode materials, a low cost anode material α-Fe2O3 was prepared using two hydrothermal synthetic methods, microwave assisted (MAH) and conventional hydrothermal (CH).  The novelty of the thesis is for the first time LiFePO4 has been prepared using a low cost Fe3+ precursor (Fe2O3) by a hydrothermal method. Low cost precursors and low temperature synthesis conditions will greatly reduce the synthetic cost of LiFePO4, leading to greater commercialization of LiFePO4 as a cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The as-prepared LiFePO4/C product provided enhanced discharge capacity and cycling stability compared to that synthesized using a solid state method with the same precursors. The results were summarized within two articles that were recently submitted to peer reviewed scientific journals.

Keyphrases: Lithium-ion, cathode, anode, Lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate, ferric oxide, low cost, hydrothermal methods
Évaluation de nouveaux électrolytes à base de liquides ioniques protiques en supercapacités asymétriques de type MnO2/carbone

Hybrid supercapacitors continue to carve out a place in the field of renewable energies. Manganese dioxide, because of some attractive characteristics (low cost, environmental friendly and high specific capacitance), is a very promising material for the assembly of such devices. This thesis, divided into three chapters, proposes the use of protic ionic liquids as electrolyte for the assembly of a manganese dioxide/carbon based hybrid supercapacitor. Firstly, the pseudocapacitive behaviour and optical properties of thin manganese dioxide based electrodes in protic ionic liquids were investigated and evaluated. Specific capacitance values of up to 397 F/g are reported in this part. Then, mixtures of an organic solvent (acetonitrile) and protic ionic liquids were proposed in order to enhance the poor conductivity of ionic liquids, which limits the specific capacitance values. A 30% improvement of specific capacitance values is shown in this chapter. Finally, the assembly of a hybrid supecapacitor is presented as an alternative strategy to increase the narrow potential window of stability of manganese dioxide electrodes in our protic ionic liquids. The last chapter describes such a device as well as its specific capacitance (16 F/g), energy (1.9 Wh/kg) and power density (81 W/kg) values obtained in protic ionic liquids.

Keyphrases: Manganese dioxide, Protic ionic liquid, Faradic supercapacitor, Hybrid supercapacitor, Spectroelectrochemistry
Les pratiques de lecture des lectrices du Échos Vedettes

AbstractThis research is trying to understand the reading practices of the women who regularly reads the gossip magazine Échos Vedettes. Five concepts have been used, The first three are parts of an everyday reading economical system : spatio-temporal economy, social economy and economy of text. Reading repertoires and photography are the lasts concepts used. Six interviews have been done with women who regularly read Échos Vedettes. They have been recruted by the « snowball » method. The analysis showed that Échos Vedettes can have three different states depending on the moment, the use and its role. It can be seen as a commodity, as an object or as a content. Social relations between women, repertoires, photography and rituals are the principal elements that define the reading practices of women who read Échos Vedettes on a regular basis.

Keyphrases: magazine, Échos Vedettes, reading practices, woman, magazine, gossip, popular culture
L’intermédialité du texte littéraire : le cas d’Océan mer, d’Alessandro Baricco

Non-literary media representation in novels is a phenomenon that has drawn little attention so far within intermedial studies – almost being marginalized. However, difficulty in setting out cases where a text creates effects borrowed from other medialities is often discussed in analysis works. This thesis thus aims for the development of a model that could be used as a tool to analyse intermedial phenomena, in literary texts. This analysis first of all goes back to some theoretical propositions, relating them better to each other, and by doing so, allows the development of a functional and accurate syncretic model for the study of texts with intermedial dynamics. In this perspective, Alessandro Baricco’s novel Océan mer constitutes fertile ground for practice. Applying the proposed model to Baricco’s novel thus allows, secondly, testing its functionality. This thesis would therefore be a contribution to research on contemporary literary intermediality.

Keyphrases: Océan mer, Literary intermediality, Remediation, Multimodality, Mediality, Océan mer
Le rôleplay dans les communautés underground en France

In France, in alternative or underground circles characterized bypostmodern fandoms such as geek and otaku cultures, a new form of practice emerged these years defined by the French word rôleplay. It is neither role playing game nor theatre, but a way to exchange with other roleplayers, wearing a costume, in a dedicated area. This work is the result of ethnography in those milieu, and aims to give an account of this practice as much as to analyze the issues of rôleplay. This polyphonic essay links questions as identity (individual or collective) and performativity, through, notably, the work of Deleuze, Agamben and Butler.  The splitted up form with several voices taking part recovers the carnivalschaos, central pattern in this analysis.

Keyphrases: rôleplay, underground, France, masque, rhizome, roleplay, identity, community, underground, mask, performativity
Reconnaissance émotionnelle faciale et psychopathie : un protocole exploratoire à l’aide de personnages virtuels animés

The current research consists of two studies. In study 1, the goal is to increase ecological validity of studies on facial recognition, by validating and comparing a set of synthetic characters we created with the empirically validated Pictures of Facial Affect. Further, these stimuli would provide a method to assess facial expression recognition in immersive virtual environments. Study 2 aims to further understand the relationship between psychopathy and emotional information processing using dynamic emotions in a community sample. To accomplish this, we created dynamic characters displaying the six basic emotions at different intensity levels. The stimuli were evaluated by undergraduate students. Findings provide empirical support for the validity of the facial expressions we created, which possess distinguishing attributes and are of particular utility in regard to emotion research. In study 2, results suggest that a higher score on Factor 1, specifically the callous affect subscale, is associated with a greater sensitivity to emotional expressions, in particular sadness expressions. In addition, high levels of criminal tendencies are associated with poorer performance on the task and a specific impairment in the recognition of disgust. These results are specific to male participants. Data supports the conceptualisation of psychopathy as a life-history strategy. The study also highlights the influence of the distinct facets of psychopathy in facial affect recognition and the differential manifestation of psychopathic personality between men and women.

Keyphrases: Expressions faciales, Animations, Emotions, Facial expressions, Animations, Virtual environment, Ecological validity, Psychopathy, Callous affect
Comparaison de la victimisation des jeunes telle qu’observée dans la traduction du Juvenile Victimisation Questionnaire et l’Enquête Sociale Générale

The objective of the research is to compare a translation of an American questionnaire, the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ) with a pre-existing victimization questionnaire in Canada, the General Social Survey (GSS).  With the help of a database formed by using the JVQ in 2009, a comparison was conducted with victimization of 783 adolescents aged between 15 and 17 years old in order to compare these results with the victimization of 631 adolescents aged between 15 and 17 years old from the GSS database of 2009. For the majority of the comparisons established between the two questionnaires, there are significant differences between the victimization found by the JVQ and the GSS. For the comparison concerning the victimization rate for the last 12 month, 3 out of 8 rates compared were similar. For the comparison of lifetime victimization rates the 7 rates compared were significantly different. However, methodological and sample differences can explain some of the difference found. Results indicate that despite inherent differences to both questionnaires, 15-17 samples present relatively similar victimisation rate. It is possible to validate the use of the JVQ on the population in order to gather reliable information on juvenile victimisation. Nevertheless when comparing the two surveys, it is possible to bring improvement on both questionnaires.

Keyphrases: Validity, Victimization questionnaire, Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire
Religion et homicide :
étude du taux d’homicide des pays du monde en fonction des variables mesurant la religion et la pratique religieuse

The impact of religion on violence remains ambivalent in the litterature. On the one hand, religions and their teachings of peace or compassion are identified as deterrents in the commission of violent acts. On the other hand, religious identity has historically been criticized as a major source of violence and war. This study proposes to compare in 163 countries worldwide the impact on violence of four religious factors : religious denomination, religiosity, religious heterogeneity and religious freedom. The analysis is based on the homicide rates, supplied mainly by the World Health Organization, while religious variables are taken from various sources. Linear regression analysis also take into consideration few socio-economic factors. Some of these are considered in the literature as major factors in homicide and others are suspected of interaction in the relationship studied here. The results indicate that there is moderately more homicides in countries that have strong religious heterogeneity or low religiosity among the population. In addition, muslim countries, especially chiites, presents the lowest homicide rates, surpassing buddhist and hindu countries, while christian countries, especially catholics, have the higher homicide rates. This finding opposes the christian liberal theory that demonizes muslim religious states. Nevertheless, interpretation of findings from this study suggest caution in view of its exploratory and delicate aspect.

Keyphrases: Religion, Homicide, Violence, Religion, Religious denomination, Religiosity, Religious heterogeneity, Religious freedom, Homicide, Violence, Cross-national data analysis
Facebook et les dispositifs de traçabilité vus sous l’angle du droit canadien

Today we talk about the social Web. Facebook for example bears the mark of its time, as it becomes the most coveted social networking Web site in the world. However, the company has been criticized due to its policy that violates people's privacy. Through its social plugins, Facebook has the potential to collect considerable amounts of information about users without their knowledge and without their consent, a fact which is unknown to most of them.  Certainly, the company must ensure its economic stability through these activities. However, this quest for subsistence should not be to the detriment of people's privacy. Canada has legal tools for the protection of privacy that allow users to deal with this kind of threat. However, Web companies such Facebook succeed to circumvent the law.

Keyphrases: Traceability, Social networking Web sites, Facebook, Open Graph Protocol, Open Graph Protocol, Social plugins, Privacy, Personal information
The Legal Implications of Internet Marketing : Exploiting the Digital Marketplace Within the Boundaries of the Law

The evolution of consumerism in recent years has been nothing short of remarkable.  The unprecedented use of the Internet by marketers to influence consumers in original and imaginative ways has rendered possible a level of communicative efficiency that had previously been unfathomable.  Their interaction with consumers using modern technology manifests itself in several different forms – all of which are accompanied by their own assortment of legal issues.  To begin with, it is not unheard of for marketers to use tools meant to track the behaviour of individuals throughout both the virtual and physical worlds. The personal information collected in such a manner is often utilized for Online Behavioural Advertising purposes – a use which does not always respect the boundaries of privacy law.  It has also become rather common for marketers to utilize online social media to promote conversations with consumers.  It has occurred, however, that these forums have also been utilized to further the anti-competitive ambitions of companies while also serving as an outlet for false advertising – two eventualities that are prohibited by both competition laws and consumer protection laws.  Finally, marketers utilize various tactics in order to more successfully reach consumers through online search engines – a practice known as Search Engine Marketing – some of which are considered to be dishonest and could present issues from both competition law and trademark law perspectives.  This thesis essentially provides a detailed description of these tools and the manners in which they are utilized and then proceeds to illustrate the legal issues that may arise as a result of their use.  In doing so, it outlines the legal boundaries within which marketers must use these tools so as to ultimately demonstrate that the laws that come into play under such circumstances may, in fact, prove to be beneficial to marketers from an economic perspective.

Keyphrases: Hackers, Adwords, Online behavioural advertising, Privacy, Social media marketing, Consumer protection, Search engine marketing, Black hat, Keyword advertising, Unfair competition, Trademarks
Die Gleichschaltung und Entnazifizierung der Wörterbücher
Das Beispiel der Wörter „Art“, „Blut“ und „Rasse“ und ihrer Komposita im Meyers-Konversations-Lexikon und im zweisprachigen deutsch-französischen Larousse (1925-1971)

A study of certain words in the typically Nazi vocabulary ("Art" (species), "Blut" (blood), "Rasse" (race) and their compound nouns) in German-speaking dictionaries (Meyers Konversations-Lexikon) as well as in bilingual French-German dictionaries (Larousse) for the time period, 1925-1971 (apparition of new words, redefinitions of pre-existing words during the Nazi era as well as their disappearance and/or redefinition after 1945).

Keyphrases: nazism, language, ideology
L'allaitement autour de 1800 : discours, enjeux et expériences rendus évidents à l'aide d'études de cas situées à Munich et Nuremberg

The eighteenth century sees the rise of influential discourses treating motherhood as a political matter. Breastfeeding is at the heart of these discourses. Represented as a way to increase the health and vigor of citizens necessary to the state’s power, breastfeeding is therefore linking individual happiness, social peace, and state’s interests.  We can reconstruct the web of meanings physicians and moralists gave to breastfeeding from moral and medical treatises where their ideas are first exposed; new media like periodicals show us how these discourses were popularised. The meanings breastfeeding women gave to this practice is a lesser studied object: it will build the core of this master study.   With the help of a case study located in Nuremberg and Munich around 1800, I highlight the meanings breastfeeding bourgeois women and their relatives linked to breastfeeding. The sources used, mainly letters between a woman, her daughter and her son-in-law, allow me first to differentiate some of the emotions generated by happy and unhappy breastfeeding situations. Then I investigate a conflict about the issues of breastfeeding and weaning; this leads me to show that relations between the protagonists, as well as health concerns, are used as arguments in this matter. I also portray the concrete context in which breastfeeding is taking place and the people assisting to this practice. Finally, I try to assess the underlying perceptions and representations of the breastfeeding body.

Keyphrases: Genre, Ego-documents, Alimentation, Motherhood, Breastfeeding, Infant Feeding, Gender, Ego documents, Experience, Body, Family, History
Conceptual blending and the mapping of the inner recesses of the mind in Virginia Woolf's The Waves

This dissertation starts with the premise that Virginia Woolf’s The Waves is to be read as a “mind thinking” and as an expression of “the exact shapes” that the mind holds. It establishes the link between Woolf’s experience of writing The Waves and her obsession with the “voices that fly ahead;” i.e. the very voices that used to prey on her mind as a result of her manic-depressive illness. It also offers a reading to the novel inspired by Conceptual Blending Theory: this framework helps (1) account for the “blend” of sensory impressions, feelings, and imaginative thoughts that constitute the essence of The Waves, (2) make up for the dispersed and seemingly fragmented nature of the narrative by emphasizing the various “mental patterns” weaved by/among the mind’s different voices, and (3) enable the reader to pin down a sense of the protagonists’ identities by carefully following their “blended” mental processes. The argument of this dissertation is developed in three chapters: the first chapter uses blending theory to highlight the mental processes that lead to the crystallization of intense “moments of visions.” It shows how a sense of the protagonists’ subjectivities would emerge by virtue of the “patterned” insight gained in those peculiar moments of revelation. The second chapter reads The Waves as a “society of selves.” Using Blending Theory, it emphasizes the “patterned” mental connections weaved among the different voices, which allows them to gain a “situated” or inter-relational form of insight about their own subjectivities. The third chapter follows the mental processes that enable The Waves’ protagonists to construct a stable and coherent sense of identity through the mental integration of different aspects of their subjectivities. In this chapter, Fauconnier and Turner’s notion of “living in the blend” is used to show how, in the course of their subjective development, The Waves’ voices would achieve an overall sense of psychological and identitary “wholeness.” The chapter also accounts for Rhoda’s unfortunate suicide in terms of her inability to continue to live in the very blend of her personal identity.

Keyphrases: Virginia Woolf, Conceptual blending, Mental processes, Voice, Mind