NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Les actions de groupes en géométrie symplectique et l'application moment

This Master thesis is concerned with some natural notions of group actions on symplectic manifolds, which are in decreasing order of generality : symplectic actions, weakly hamiltonian actions and hamiltonian actions. A knowledge of group actions and of symplectic geometry is a prerequisite ; two chapters are devoted to a coverage of the basics of these subjects. The case of hamiltonian actions is studied in detail in the fourth chapter : the important moment map is introduced and several results on the orbits of the coadjoint representation are proved, such as Kirillov's and Kostant-Souriau's theorems. The last chapter concentrates on hamiltonian actions by tori, the main result being a proof of Atiyah-Guillemin-Sternberg's convexity theorem. A classification theorem by Delzant and Laudenbach is also discussed. The presentation is intended to be a rather exhaustive introduction to the theory of hamiltonian actions, with complete proofs to almost all the results. Many examples help for a better understanding of the most tricky concepts. Several connected topics are mentioned, for instance geometric prequantization and Marsden-Weinstein reduction.

Keyphrases: group action, symplectic geometry, symplectic action, hamiltonian action, coadjoint representation, moment map, toric action, convexity theorem
Modélisation mathématique de la propagation de la malaria

A mathematical model for the spread of malaria has been developed to determine the influence that a population shift from rural to urban areas may have on the persistence or reduction of the disease. This discrete-time model, a system of fourteen finite-difference equations, is then compared with a continuous time model, a system of ordinary differential equations. A comparative study of recently published models allows a determination of the strengths and weaknesses of our model.

Keyphrases: Malaria, R0, Malaria, Modeling, Stability, Equilibrium
Écologie politique de l'écotourisme dans les aires protégées des pays du Sud : le cas de Chi Phat dans les Cardamomes au Cambodge

Ecotourism is often seen as a panacea for reconciling economic development, environmental protection and well-being of communities around protected areas in developing countries. However, the reality on the ground is different, because its complex, political and transcalar character is too often overlooked in the implementation of interventions. The purpose of this research project is thus to shed new light on the development of ecotourism in protected areas of the less developed countries through a critical analysis of practices and discourses that are linked to it. Adopting a theoretical framework derived from political ecology, we sought to understand how ecotourism affects access to natural resources for different social actors. The methodological approach is based on a qualitative case study that focuses on a specific project initiated in Chi Phat, located next to a protected forest in south-western Cambodia. It uses literature review, discourse analysis, participant observation as well as more than 80 semi-structured interviews with key actors. Our results show first that there are no clear guidelines for ecotourism development in Cambodia, and we observe very little collaboration at all levels. This is not unrelated to the fact that the current government is generally prioritizing development over conservation. Then we showed that the ecotourism project allows Wildlife Alliance to justify the existence of the protected forest. This NGO also stands out in the country by its more radical approach to conservation. The power it has and the results it obtains on the ground come from its ability to mobilize, in a timely manner, all available means to control access. Overall, we can say that the main actors whose access to natural resources are adversely affected through the ecotourism project are local farmers. Finally, we propose two additions to the conceptual framework, namely the consideration of the geographical aspect of access and exclusion, and the introduction of degrees of exclusion, which allow a more accurate analysis of the situation.

Keyphrases: Conservation, Exclusion, Ecotourism, Conservation, Protected areas, Cambodia, Political ecology, Access to natural resources
«Et ferez justice» : le métier d’intendant au Canada et dans les généralités de
Bretagne et de Tours au 18e siècle (1700-1750)

This thesis consists in a comparative study of the intendant’s métier in Canada and in the généralités of Bretagne and Tours in the first part of the eighteenth century (1700-1750). The thesis relies on the intendant to consider the existence of specificities in the exercise of power in the colonial context by comparison with the metropolitan context. Considered by most of the historians of France Ancien Regime as the key person of the political evolution to push through the monarchy from its judicial phase to its « administrative » phase, the intendant of justice, police and finance or commissaire départi is in the core of the debates on absolutism and his front line role in working to centralize the monarchy makes him the ideal subject to observe the real impact of this Regime. The examination of the functioning of the intendancy is an absolute prerequisite to understand the relation between administrators and administered and identifies the State will to control. As part of the defined attributions by his commission, what are the tasks that occupy him concretely? This thesis is about the intendant from the point of view of his pratique, relying on the description of the material produced by the intendant to examine his mechanisms of interventions. Two types of documents are successively analysed, namely the correspondence including the appendix and the working documents, and judgments, including the ordinances and the arrêt du Conseil d’Etat. In this process, we met individuals and groups who require the intervention of the intendant, lifting the veil on the power relationship that ties him to his superiors, to the claimants awaiting justice and to local institutions. This exercise allows to set in new terms the action of this personage on which we knew the attributions and main decisions but much less the underlying logic.

Keyphrases: Canada, Bretagne, Tours, Intendant, Justice, Police, Finance, Administration, New France, Ordinance
Emma Hamilton, a Model of Agency in Late Eighteenth-Century Europe

Emma Hamilton (1765-1815) had a marked impact at a pivotal moment in European history and art. This dissertation shows that Emma drew her particular potency from her ability to negotiate these different and at times contradictory identities—object and subject; model and sitter; artist, muse, and work of art; wife, mistress, and prostitute; commoner and aristocrat; socialite and ambassadress; and performer of myriad historical, biblical, literary, and mythological male and female characters. Emma displayed astonishing resilience, found an effective way to assert her agency, and was a powerful inspiration for generations of artists and of women in their own search for expression and self-actualization. The wife of England’s ambassador to Naples, the favourite of the queen of Naples, and the lover of Admiral Horatio Nelson, she was an agent on the political stage during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic era. She adapted, adjusted, and reinvented herself in her dizzying rise from rags to riches. She entertained and beguiled countless writers, artists, scientists, aristocrats, politicians, and royalty. She participated in the dissemination of Neoclassicism in Europe at the very moment of its efflorescence. She created her Attitudes, a performance that tapped into her epoch’s taste for classicism, was admired and imitated throughout Europe, and inspired generations of female performers. She learnt to dance the tarantella and introduced it into aristocratic drawing rooms. She influenced an early nineteenth-century network of women that spanned Paris to St Petersburg and included Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun, Germaine de Staël, and Juliette Récamier. An unmatched model and sitter, she inspired artists to produce what they acknowledged to be some of their best work. She appeared in works produced by the major artists of her time, among whom Angelica Kauffman, Benjamin West, Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun, George Romney, James Gillray, Joseph Nollekens, Joshua Reynolds, Thomas Lawrence, and Thomas Rowlandson. And she repeatedly pushed against the limits of social mores. Nevertheless, Emma did not attempt to present a coherent, unified, polished identity. Instead, she was a kaleidoscope of different selves that she kept active and in dialogue with each other, constantly reconfiguring the pieces so that she could simultaneously express herself fully and present to others what they wanted to see.

Keyphrases: Emma Hamilton, Agency, Attitudes, Classicism, Model, Muse, Neoclassicism, George Romney, Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun, muse
La parole pamphlétaire chez deux «partipristes» : Paul Chamberland et Pierre Vallières

The texts of the young intellectuals that appeared in Parti pris, written about the antagonistic and contentious theatre of violence and strife between classes and values in the social field, represent a singular case of Quebec’s pamphleteering circumscribed in the context of the 1960’s. This study wishes to question the critical faculties of the pamphleteers' texts in Quebec by uncovering the discursive and rhetorical strategies. The revolutionary political purpose put forward by the revue is certainly one of most successful in terms of consolidating its members around the Quebec identity (political, economic, literary, artistic and cultural). Amongst them, Paul Chamberland, whose texts ranged from editorials to poetry, and Pierre Vallières with his autobiographical essay Nègres blancs d’Amérique, are perhaps the most representative of their time and of the issues around which revolved the generation that Parti pris was representing. Drawing on theories of controversy, rhetoric and pragmatic speeches, our research aims to inform the reader of the articulation of Chamberland and Vallières’s thought, as well as the literary value of their work and their stylistic peculiarities. In addition to identifying an overview of the main issues addressed by the Parti pris’s leaders, this research questions the intentions that lie behind the discourse circulating in the revue and in the generation that was claiming it.

Keyphrases: Parti pris, Paul Chamberland, Pierre Vallières, Pamphlet, Controversy, Rhetoric, Pragmatic
L'interférence musicale au cinéma, à la télévision et dans le jeu vidéo

Given the pervasiveness of popular music in the contemporary media landscape, it is not unusual to find the same song in multiple soundtracks. Based on theories of intertextuality and communication, this thesis seeks to define the relationship which develops between two or more narrative and / or interactive works that share the same song, and to understand the effects of such recontextualizations on the spectator’s and gamer’s experience. The first chapter reviews the narrative and ludic functions of music with a summary of major works on film, television and video game music. The second chapter questions the notion of reference in the context of repeated uses of the same popular song. The concept of musical interference is proposed using different variations on the term « interference » derived from the works of Michel Serres, Sébastien Babeux and Philip Tagg. The theoretical framework is applied to the analysis of the media trajectories of two songs in chapters three and four. Finally, the complex relationships between works incorporating the same song to their narrative are illustrated with the figure of the network.

Keyphrases: intertextuality, interference, music, popular song, film, television, video game
L'intertexte scientifique dans Espèces fragiles de Paul-Marie Lapointe

The present master’s thesis consists in a study of Quebecois poet Paul-Marie Lapointe’s last collection, Espèces fragiles. This study examines the presence of scientific intertextuality in this work by pointing to the semantic effects produced by the juxtaposition of a variety of intertextual postures. Following an analysis of the theoretical framework in which previous studies in this field are couched, I argue that the notion of so-called “external” intertextuality combined to that of “referenciality” allows us better to understand the issues surrounding scientific intertextuality in poetry. With regard to the roles of the subject and the object in Lapointe’s poetry, I will show that the presence of literary intertextuality is directly related to the articulation of an archeological intertext in Espèces fragiles. Ultimately, the stylistic effects issuing from the plural tonalities of the collection make it possible to intensify Lapointe’s critique of the economic rationality which predominates in contemporary society. The poet’s appropriation of the scientific intertext is thus mobilized to highlight the need for a strong cultural memory, characterized the perpetual resurgence of the past in an ever emergent present.

Keyphrases: Paul-Marie Lapointe, Espèces fragiles, intertextuality, poetry and science, Québécois poetry
Mamès, profèsorn oun kindèr likht. Éducation en petite enfance en CPE. Le cas des femmes hassidiques Belz en services de garde en milieu familial accrédités

This thesis is organized in three parts. Chapter 1 precedes the first part and presents elements yield by the field work concerning the Belz Hassidic women, the education of young children and the history of the community. The thesis has nine chapters and one general conclusion. The first part analyses notions pertaining to early childhood, its definition throughout recent history and its conception in different cultures. It presents three chapters. Chapter 2 examines the question of early childhood as such and the conditions that define it. Chapter 3 looks at the institutionalisation of early childhood in the modern world. Chapter 4 looks at the hegemony of the scientific norm and its impact on development and education in early childhood. Theses chapters analyse early childhood education en CPE’s (Early Childhood Centres) in Quebec. The second part of the thesis presents the scientific paradigms and the dominant conceptual frames in early childhood throughout chapters 5, 6 and 7. Chapter 5 defines    « neoliberalism » or advanced modernity in early childhood. Chapter 6 presents the new paradigm of « postfondamentalism » in early childhood and chapter 7, that of eco-education and « ecosophy » in early childhood. The latter proposes a pedagogical application of eco-education and « ecosophy » in early childhood. The third part offers findings realised during a field work in anthropology among the Hassidic women of the Belz community of Montreal and their accredited home day care services by the Ministry of Family of Québec. It is composed of chapters, 8 and 9. Chapter 8 analyses Quebec’s governmental directive against teaching religion in subsidized home day care. Chapter 9 proposes results obtained during the field work on the philosophy of life and the spirituality of the Hassidic women of the Belz community of Montreal.  The general conclusion analyses the paradigm of eco-education and the posture of            « ecosophy » in relation to the philosophy of life and the spirituality of the Hassidic women of the Belz community of Montreal. It proposes a « reenchantment » of early childhood development and education.

Keyphrases: CPE, Early childhood, CPE, Development, Education, Neoliberalism, Eco-education, Ecosophy, Hassidic feminine spirituality
L'Aufklärung kantienne : une quête d'autonomie

Michel Foucault pointed out that there is in the design of the European Enlightenment a tension between the "growing autonomy" and "growth capacity" by science and technology (Foucault, 1994, p. 83). Now, in "What is Enlightenment?" Kant clearly favors the first part, autonomy, as evidenced by its definition: "out of man's status as such, where he maintains through his own fault." It is bound to admit, however, that autonomy as expressed in the "think for yourself" requires access to public space, because freedom of thought implies the possibility of publishing one’s opinions and to think with others. Kant's text evokes the political conditions for free access to the "reading public". It is therefore important that the enlightened despot, namely Frederick the Great, ruled at least in a republican spirit by holding a public space free of censorship. It is also important that he should refrain from interfering in religious matters. It is no coincidence that the theme of freedom of religious conscience occupies a large place in Kant's text, because the temptation is great for political authority to violate this freedom and exploit religion for political purposes.

Keyphrases: Kant, Philosophy, Autonomy, Enlightenment, Freedom, Heteronomy, Public sphere
Appropriation de la décision collective : évaluation environnementale comme champ d’application de la participation publique au Bénin

Based upon the organizational principle of two types of political entities  found in Benin, the purpose of this research is to explore one or several joint, classic and traditional participation models in order to promote a participative democracy closer to citizens. Three spatial scales have been used for the field research: Africa, central Benin and communities close to ancient kingdoms. Documents and data generated through observation and interviews were analyzed using grounded theory principles and ”appréhension des phénomènes socio-spatiaux”. Among the  four original models including endogenous criteria for assessing participation which correspond to  Benin’s cultures, two – Togbésso-Hon-Togbassa and Daŋnou – appear as properly suited to meet the requirements of a democracy with territorialized forms of participation. When participation in Benin is compared with that of other African States, its good performance elevates it as a reference in terms of effectiveness of procedures and practices. As such, Benin has become a source of inspiration for implementation of participatory mechanisms within major democracies. Both its decision making instruments – namely participatory analysis and public hearing – may still be perfected. The first of the two –an interesting innovation which nonetheless deserves to be highlighted – limits participation to players selected according to criteria which generally remain implicit. Conversely, public hearing remains unsatisfactory by inadequately allowing the production of collective decision making, as well as by instituting a  model in contradiction with African political thought, which rather seeks consensus through an inclusive and deliberative approach known as ”la palabre”. At the founding of participative democracy, “la palabre” provides a synergistic, flexible and responsive model based on the DROIE principles for decision making, at the center of which prevail deliberation, ”le huis clos”, popular validation and reporting, use and repair, as well as quality control of decision. All of these are essential as much to management as to the structure of environmental assessment.

Keyphrases: Public participation, Environmental assessment, Communicative dynamics, Models of collective decision making, Power
Le contrôle politique de l'agence anticorruption malaisienne

The issue of anticorruption policies has permeated a significant part of the political discourse in Malaysia. After events such as the 1997 financial crisis, or the Anwar affair in 1998, anticorruption policies have been catapulted in the midst of political debate, in which their efficiency is constantly observed, scrutinized and criticized. This thesis examines anticorruption policies through the analytical lense of political control, specifically in regards to its bureaucratic independance and autonomy. Our study concentrates itself more specifically on the case of the independent anticorruption agency freshly instituted in 2009, as well as its predecessor. The conclusions drawn support the argument that the nature of the political control exercised on anticorruption policies have hampered and slowed down their implementation.

Keyphrases: MACC, Anti-corruption agency, political control, malaysian anti-corruption policies
Vers une meilleure compréhension de la rétroaction orientée vers le changement : observation objective, variations quotidiennes et déterminants en contexte sportif

A recent study has shown that a change-oriented feedback (COF) that is empathic, accompanied by choices of solutions, based on clear and attainable objectives, free from person-related statements, paired with tips, and given in a considerate tone of voice can support athletes’ need for autonomy (Carpentier & Mageau, 2013). This thesis comprises three articles that aim to (1) demonstrate that such COF, given during a real training session, is autonomy supportive, (2) further understand its impacts and (3) explore its determinants. While past studies used athletes’ perceptions to define an autonomy-supportive COF and study its consequences, article 1 includes videos of coaches filmed during training sessions. Independent observers coded COF quality and quantity for the 53 coaches that took part in the study, while their 310 athletes reported their perceptions of autonomy. Findings support the results of previous studies by showing that giving a COF characterized by the six dimensions proposed by Carpentier and Mageau (2013) is positively linked to athletes’ perceptions of autonomy. In contrast, COF quantity is negatively linked to athletes’ perceptions of autonomy. Article 2 aims at further understanding the impacts of COF by looking at within-athlete fluctuations from one training to another. In total, 49 athletes completed a diary immediately after 15 consecutive training sessions (N = 534) to evaluate the feedback received during training as well as situational consequences. HLM analyses showed that COF quality is positively linked to the quality of athletes’ experience during training. In contrast, COF quantity is negatively associated with athletes’ autonomous motivation and perceptions of competence. Finally, Article 3 investigates coaches’ passion and perceptions of their athletes’ motivation as potential determinants of COF quality and quantity. In total, 280 athletes and 48 coaches filled out a questionnaire. Results showed that the more coaches report having an obsessive passion toward coaching, the less their COF is perceived as autonomy supportive. Also, the more coaches have an obsessive passion and the more they perceive their athletes as highly motivated, the more they tend to give COF. Results are discussed in light of their contribution to the feedback and SDT literature, as well as for coaches’ training.

Keyphrases: Motivation, Passion, Sport, Feedback, Autonomy support, Self-determination theory, Coaching behaviours, Coach-athlete relationship, Well-being, Motivation, Passion, Coaches, Sport
Imaginaire sécuritaire et alliances militaires

Does NATO membership shape the security imaginary? Through a discourse analysis of Australian and French authorized speakers on the subject of the war in Afghanistan (2001-2012) this dissertation compares the security imaginary of these two states in terms of their relationship with NATO. Accounting for the narrative surrounding the operating framework (Chapter 1), the representation of the enemy (Chapter 2) as well as the designation of the threat (Chapter 3), security imaginary allows a better understanding of foreign policy decisions. Comparing France’s security imaginary, which is a NATO member, with Australia’s, which is not, reveals that Australia shares a security imaginary similar to France’s. Thus, NATO membership does not seem to have an impact on security imaginary. The analysis suggests that both governments (re)produce a discourse in which they seek to increase the discursive space between a barbaric "them" and a magnified "us".

Keyphrases: France, Security imaginary, Nato, War in Afghanistan, Political elite, Australia