Description de l’évolution du profil socio-cognitif et clinique d’une cohorte d’adolescents diabétiques de type 1 ayant suivi un programme d’éducation thérapeutique

Introduction: In France, therapeutic patient education programs (TPE) to type 1 diabetic (T1D) adolescents are designed for developed therapeutic adherence of their disease and its treatment. Based on social cognitive theory of Bandura, the effects of TPE activities should lead to the strengthening of self-efficacy, coupled with other socio-cognitive factors, favoring self-management, better quality of life and improved glycemic control. However, there is no publication describing all of criteria for T1D teenagers during and after the TPE and French questionnaires are missing.  Aims: The thesis works was broken down into three main goals:  1. Perform concept clarification on the specifics of TPE in a pediatric context, from a litterature review (Article I). 2. Conduct a systematic review to describe the content and effects of educational programs from 2009 to 2014 on glycemic control, disease management, psychosocial criteria of children and adolescents with diabetes type 1, and assess the consistency of these programs with the recommendations of the ISPAD (Article II). 3. Describe the evolution on three months of the socio-cognitive and clinical profile in a cohort of adolescents with diabetes who participated in an TPE program in France (Article III).  Method: Each aim has required a specific method: - Article I: use of Rodgers’s evolutionary concept analysis method (2000); - Article II: use of Cochrane Collaboration systematic review methodology (Higgins & Green, 2011); - Article III: implementation of a pilot research protocol with a population of adolescents 12-17 years of age, type 1 diabetics on insulin, participating in an TPE program, from a mixed parallel concurrent method with three components: quantitative, qualitative and integrative.  Results: Results of the thesis are organized by section: The first article focuses on pediatric specificities of the concept of therapeutic patient education with an analysis of the literature from 1998 to 2012. A concept clarification by Rodgers method (2000) was conducted to identify the specific attributes of children and adolescents. Five attributes have emerged: relational triad, collaborative partnership, adaptation of learning, gradual and progressive acquisition of skills, and creativity. This article was published in Santé Publique. The second article presents the results of a systematic review on the effects and the quality of educational programs in pediatric type 1 diabetes. Forty-three publications were included, representing 36 educational programs, developing self-care and / or psychosocial skills. Program quality was analyzed according to criteria of the International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes recommendations. This article was submitted to The Diabetes Educator, in English. Beforehand the third article, psychometric validation of research tools is exposed, as well as the results of the first two-time monitoring of the cohort of adolescents (M0 and M1). The third article presents results on a subsample of 24 adolescents completed the three-month follow-up (M0 to M3), including 21 who participated in the qualitative component. The clinical and psychosocial indicators were stable over time. The improved self-efficacy tended to be linked to the improvement of glycemic control. The qualitative thematic analysis was used to explore the strengths and challenges of T1D adolescent’s cohort to achieve a self-management behavior, while qualitative multivariate analyzes identified differences in speech between adolescents who improve self-efficacy and those that decrease over time.  Discussion: This research has generally allowed to develop knowledge on the TPE concept in the pediatric context, the state of research on structured educational programs in the children and adolescents type 1 diabetes, and to implement a pilot study in the context of the TPE in France. Trends were discussed, allowing to consider areas for improvement both in improving TPE programs and of life skills development, that in future research. Status of the nurse researcher in France is also discussed.

Keyphrases: adolescents, type 1 diabetes, therapeutic patient education, self-efficacy, concurrent parallel mixed method