NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La reconnaissance des émotions et l'inhibition chez l'enfant avec et sans trouble du déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent disorder among children and adolescents. Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms that characterize this disorder can interfere with functioning in different settings (at school or at home, with peers, etc.). Indeed, many children with ADHD display social problems that jeopardize their quality of life and their well-being. These interpersonal difficulties seem to be related to inhibitory deficits. Furthermore, social cognition deficits such as affect recognition (AF) difficulties can alter social functioning. However, the mechanism underlying these social problems currently remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the link between AF, inhibition and social functioning among a pediatric population with and without ADHD. Seventy children aged 8 to 12 participated to the study. Thirty-five children diagnosed with ADHD and showing social problems were matched on age and sex with 35 typically developing children. All took part in a cognitive assessment including different tasks measuring social cognition, executive functions, attention, as well as verbal and nonverbal reasoning. The main results indicate that the ADHD group performed worse than the control group on AF and verbal inhibition tasks. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between AF, inhibition and social functioning. Therefore, poor AF skills in ADHD may not be associated with verbal inhibition deficits. Difficulties in these two domains may also be insufficient to explain social problems among children with ADHD. Further research is needed to investigate if poor AF in ADHD is a primary deficit or if it is associated with other cognitive impairments.

Keyphrases: Inhibition, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, Affect recognition, Verbal inhibition, Social functioning, Childhood, Social problems, Clinical neuropsychology, Social cognition
Effet de la musique sur le stress chez les athlètes commotionnés

Sport-related concussion is a serious public health issue affecting millions of individuals each year. Following a concussion, athletes are exposed to many stressors. Moreover, their stress response might be altered as a direct result of concussions. Thus, they are at risk of cumulating stress. Stress management has been repeatedly cited by expert groups as an important intervention for this population. Therefore, a relevant avenue is to develop stress prevention tools that are easy to implement in the everyday life of concussed athletes. Musical interventions have been shown to be effective to enhance recovery after being exposed to a stressor. The current essay aims to explore the effects of a musical intervention on stress following a laboratory-induced stressor in concussed athletes. To do so, two groups of participants were tested: a Music group who listened to relaxing and pleasant music, and an Audiobook control group who listened to a nonmusical control condition. Heart rate was measured as a stress marker. Results revealed no significant difference between the effects of the music intervention and the audiobook listening on heart rate during stress recovery. However, in the light of reported data in the literature, our results suggest that both conditions could potentially facilitate recovery following a stressor. Results also raise questions about a possible link between the stability of stress recovery and various variables such as the acoustic condition, persistent post-concussive symptoms and affective symptoms. Future research is needed to clarify these preliminary results.

Keyphrases: Stress, Sports concussion, Athlete, Post-concussion symptoms, Stress, Music, Recovery, Music intervention, Clinical neuropsychology
Les effets d’une thérapie cognitivo-comportementale (TCC) conçue pour gérer l’anxiété sur la cognition des personnes atteintes de la maladie d’Alzheimer

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often accompanied by anxiety that can accelerate cognitive decline. The use of cognitive and behavioral therapy (CBT) designed to manage anxiety may slow down cognitive decline, but studies are needed to demonstrate it. This study therefore aims to evaluate the effects of CBT targeting anxiety on the cognitive decline of people living with AD. Participants were divided into two groups: CBT (n = 7) or support group (n = 9). Both interventions were given once a week for 8 consecutive weeks. The effects of the intervention were measured using cognitive measures (global cognition, verbal memory, semantic memory, fluence) and an anxiety measure administered before (T1) and after the intervention (T2) as well as 6 months later (T3). The results suggested that CBT had a greater effect on global cognition (g of Hedges = 0.63) and participant anxiety (g = 0.75) than the support group between T1 and T2. Compared with the CBT group, the support group had a greater effect (g = 1.20) on the verbal fluency of participants between T2 and T3. Although the results obtained in favor of CBT are not significant due to a lack of statistical power, the large effect sizes obtained suggest that this therapeutic approach could be effective in slowing down the global cognitive decline of people with AD.

Keyphrases: Intervention psychosociale, Neuropsychology, Psychosocial intervention, Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Alzheimer’s disease, Cognitive decline, Aging
Les stratégies d’investigation des lieux adoptées par les techniciens en scènes de crime québécois

Crime scene examiners are the individuals responsible for collecting traces in places where a criminal or suspicious event has taken place. This task, which has long been viewed simply as a mechanical and technical procedure, is now considered with more nuance and complexity by the scientific literature. Thus, the general objective of this research is to explore the strategies of investigation used by crime scene examiners in Quebec, specifically to see which variables influence their search of traces. This includes seeing what knowledge these examiners are using and how the larger context of the criminal investigation can guide their search for traces on the scene. To meet this objective, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine crime scene examiners from the Sûreté du Québec. These interviews revealed that the criminal investigators are an important source of information for the examiners in order to orient their researches. The information provided by these actors can, among other things, refer to the movements of suspects, which is one of the main variables used to maximize the discovery of relevant traces. Putting themselves in the shoes of the suspect can also help to imagine his movements on the scene. The police experience of the examiners can be used when creating scenarios on the possible course of events. This integration of knowledge related to police work and criminology more broadly into crime scene investigation is an illustration of how the disciplines of forensic science and criminology can be interrelated. This integrative aspect is also one of the objectives of this research. The main variable related to forensic science that can influence the search for traces is about the physical surface on which the trace is located, more precisely concerning the affinities between the different materials. Finally, the issue of serial crime is also one of the elements exploited by crime scene examiners, but to a lesser extent compared to the variables previously stated.

Keyphrases: Criminologie, Crime scene, Crime scene examiners, Crime scene investigation, Trace evidence, Forensic science, Investigation
Intervention de pratique réflexive auprès d’infirmières en groupe de médecine de famille visant à développer leur compétence d’accompagnement des proches aidants d’aînés

The vast majority of seniors with Alzheimer's Disease or a Related Disease (ADRD) remain at home thanks to the support of their caregivers (INESSS, 2015). Several articles denote the impacts of being a caregiver (l’Appui pour les proches aidants d’aînés, 2016). Nurses working in Family Medicine Groups (FMGs) are at the forefront of caregiver’s interventions (Gouvernement du Québec, 2017b, Khanassov and Vedel, 2016). Yet, it appears that nurses are insufficiently trained to support caregivers and to identify their unique needs (Government of Quebec, 2017b, Lee, Weston and Hillier, 2013). Reflective practice allows the learner to be active in developing his skills based on his knowledge and his relational experiences (Bulman and Schutz, 2013, Johns, 1995, Leclerc, Bourassa and Filteau, 2010, Payette, 2000). The purpose of this clinical project was to adapt and test a specific reflective practice intervention with FMG nurses to contribute to the development of their skills in supporting caregivers of people with ADRD. Two main themes were addressed during the reflective practice intervention: 1) the needs of caregivers of people with ADRD and; 2) the therapeutic approach to identify their needs. The results presented in this report focus on the testing of the reflective practice intervention in FMG and its impact on the development of the supporting skills of FMG nurses.

Keyphrases: Reflective practice, Caregiver, Alzheimer’s Disease or Related Disease, Nurse in Family Medicine Group
Etude des mouvements oculaires comme outil pédagogique en imagerie médicale : résultats et défis méthodologiques

Title: A study of eye movements as a training tool in medical image interpretation: results and methodological challenges   Authors: George Rakovich, Stéphane Carignan, François Marquis, Serge Dubé, with the participation of a psychology team of the Université de Montréal.  Context: Training methods in medical image interpretation are not founded on adapted pedagogical strategies. Some studies suggest that eye movements can be used to teach an expert and systematic visual search strategy to novices.   Objective: To measure the effects of teaching a radiologist’s visual search strategy to medical students.   Materials and methods: A pedagogical software program was designed using a radiologist’s visual scanning path. Using a randomized experimental design, students trained with this software were compared to a control group on the basis of the observation of 20 lung X-rays.   Results: Four series of data from each group were available for analysis. Mean diagnostic accuracy rates were 61.5% +/- 6.29% and 63.75% +/-14.3% for the experimental and control groups, respectively (t test, p=0.38; alpha 0,05). Mean values for the Damerau-Levenshtein vectors (a measure of eye movements) were 99.13 +/- 4.26 and 97.43 +/- 3.01 for the experimental and control groups, respectively (t test, p=0.0022; alpha 0,05).  Discussion and conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy rates were low and comparable. This may be due to a lack of power of the study, an ineffective software program, or suboptimal use of software due to insufficient training time. The experimental group also had a less systematic visual search strategy (a higher value of the Damerau-Levenshtein vector). These results require a reevaluation of our understanding of the radiologist’s expertise. However, low participation rates and the lack of other eye movement data because of methodological issues limit any further interpretation.

Keyphrases: Recrutement, Attrition, Collaboration, Eyetracking, Medical imaging, Radiology, Medical education, Recruitment
Développement d’une plateforme numérique pour l’apprentissage de la guitare

In the field of computer science applied to music, this project of master degree in music is centered around the development of a Web platform to support guitar learning, allowing the use of a notation specially adapted to the instrument, and that includes multiple aspects of guitar playing, interpretation (tablature, fingering, harmonic functions, etc.) and which goal is to highlight existing relations between different aspects of music, sound parameters, and instrumental gestures. In collaboration with the guitarist and teacher that created this multimodal notation, the goal of this memoir was to find a suited solution, in the field of computer science, to make this notation available in a pedagogical context and through a digital learning platform that relies on modern web technologies. Before the implementation of the platform, an analysis of existing tools –in the field of com- puter science applied to musical learning– has been made from technical and pedagogical points of view. Main features of the platform, in the current state of development, include an access to a collection of digital partitions, a graphical interface presenting tablatures in a dynamic and flexible way, synchronised with audio rendering and which tempo is adjustable by the user. The platform also offers a set of useful tools when it comes to guitar learning (metronome, chord dictionary, etc.) and allows to edit and share scores quickly in the pedagogue’s alter- native notation.

Keyphrases: notation musicale, TIC, tablature, geste musical, musical pedagogy, musicology, computer science, musical notation, ICT, guitar, tablature, augmented score, musical gesture, graphic interface
Extreme metal : subculture, genre, and structure

Extreme metal is a conglomeration of numerous subgenres with shared musical and discursive tendencies. For the sake of concision, the focus throughout this thesis will mainly be on death metal and black metal – two of the most popular subgenres categorized under the umbrella of extreme metal. Each chapter is a comparative analysis of death metal and black metal from different perspectives. Thus, Chapter One is historical account of extreme metal but also includes discussions pertaining to iconography and pitch syntax. Subsequently, Chapter Two concerns itself with the conception of timbre in death metal and black metal. More specifically, timbre will be discussed in the context of sound production as well as timbre derived from performance, in particular, vocal distortion. The conception of rhythm/meter will be discussed in Chapter Three which will simultaneously allow for a discussion of the fluidity of genre boundaries between death metal and progressive metal – largely because of the importance placed on rhythm by the latter subgenre. Instead of a focus on musical practices, Chapter Four will instead take a sociological approach with the aim of answering certain issues raised in the first three chapters. Ultimately, this thesis aims to elucidate two questions: What are the different aesthetic intentions between practitioners of death metal and black metal? And, how do fans conceptualize these aesthetic differences? Sarah Thornton’s notion of subcultural capital – which is derived from Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of cultural capital – will help to answer such questions.

Keyphrases: ‘black métal’, timbre, extreme metal, death metal, black metal, timbre, sound production, rhythm & meter, metrical dissonance, subcultural capital
Prévalence de l’aplasie et de l’hypoplasie des glandes salivaires majeures chez les enfants atteints du syndrome de Down (trisomie 21)

Objective: The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of aplasia and hypoplasia of the major salivary glands (parotid and submandibular) in patients with Trisomy 21 (T21). The second objective is to identify the oral manifestations related to this developmental anomaly. Hypothesis: The prevalence of aplasia and hypoplasia of the major salivary glands in patients with T21 is significantly higher when compared with the general population. Method: Data from 46 patients with T21 and 33 patients from a control group was collected. An oral examination, a fungal culture and an ultrasound of the parotid and submandibular glands were performed. Results: The prevalence of aplasia of the parotid glands is 15,2% in patients with T21 and 3,0% in control patients. None of the patients showed aplasia of the submandibular glands. The prevalence of parotid hypoplasia was estimated at 51,8%, whereas the prevalence of the submandibular hypoplasia was 58,4% in patients with T21. These developmental anomalies influence significantly the presence of candidiasis (p<0.0001), oral erythema (p=0.005) and hyposialia (p<0.0001), but does not influence significantly the carious index (p=0.338). Conclusion: The prevalence of parotid aplasia tends to be higher in patients with T21 (p=0.13). Hypoplasia of the parotid and submandibular glands is more common in patients with T21. Oral manifestations related to this developmental abnormality are candidiasis, oral erythema and hyposialia.

Keyphrases: Trisomy 21, Down syndrome, Major salivary glands, Aplasia, Hypoplasia
La lutte contre la traite des personnes à des fins d'exploitation sexuelle au Canada: une étude à la lumière du droit international

This thesis addresses the compliance of international commitments made by Canada for the fight against human trafficking for sexual exploitation. It provides an analysis of Canada’s national action plan to combat this issue in compliance with the provisions of the United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime of the year 2000. This analysis begins with an examination of the international normative framework of human trafficking which was developed during the 20th century. This framework demonstrates that this phenomenon (bound to mechanisms that address prostitution and human rights) is now apprehended by the prism of transnational organized crime. According to this approach adopted by the United Nations, states must implement an action plan to combat trafficking that focuses on prevention, prosecution, protection and partnership. The examination of Canada’s action plan to combat human trafficking shows an increased consideration of international law by Canadian legislature particularly in the field of criminal law. Despite the progress made, an overview of law enforcement and the protection of victims since the beginning of the 2000s shows a significant imbalance between the repressive and humanitarian aspects of this action plan.

Keyphrases: Canada, Prostitution, Human Trafficking, Sexual exploitation, Palermo Protocol, International law, Human rights, Transnational organized crime, Protection of victims, Law enforcement, Prostitution
Le jeu des stéréotypes féminins et masculins en droit international : influences et conséquences pour les victimes de viol en période de conflits armés

This thesis looks at the interplay between female and male stereotypes in the creation of international norms against military rape. The influences and consequences of female stereotypes, such as the weak sex or the passive victims, as well as male stereotypes, such as the strong sex or the active fighters, in armed conflict settings are questioned. Specifically, the excessive generalizations derived from gender-based stereotypes, which encourage the paradigm of women-victims and men-perpetrators of rape are questioned.  In order to understand the interplay between gender-based stereotypes, a two-pronged approach is used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the normative evolution of international law. First, the influences of gender-based stereotypes in the creation of protection norms and penal norms against rape are studied. The review of these international norms shows that, despite the progress attributed to feminists’ efforts, the interplay of gender-based stereotypes is perpetuated in international law. Further, both women and men suffer the consequences in times of armed conflicts. Second, it reviews the impact of such normative consequences, which confine women to the role of passive victims, without the capacity of positive or negative actions during armed conflicts, while neglecting to consider the situation of men, who are not necessarily active fighters, and who may therefore require protection against military rape.  This thesis concludes that the gender binarity dichotomy present in international norms against rape should disappear. Otherwise, the interplay of gender-based stereotypes may be perpetuated. Instead of those norms being influenced by a gender-based categorization, they could be replaced by norms that protect the human race; free of essentialist distinctions based on sex, thus free from stereotypical gender-based discrimination.

Keyphrases: Discrimination, Nations Unies, Gender-based stereotypes, Gender binarism, Rape, Armed conflicts, International law, International norms, Protection norms, Penal norms, Discrimination, United Nations, Feminist approaches
Le processus de conclusion de l’Accord économique et commercial global entre le Canada et l’Union européenne (AECG) en regard des principes du fédéralisme et de la démocratie

21st century economic and trade agreements, focusing on the regulation of more and more extensive sectors, call for a better input, in a federal context, of federated entities during the negotiation and implementation phases. The Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is no exception to this trend, as can be seen from the decision to invite, for the first time, the provinces to attend directly at some of the formal negotiation sessions. The objective of this master’s thesis is to examine, using the principles of federalism and democracy as criteria, provincial and parliamentarian consultation and involvement mechanisms during the CETA process in Canada. This study, considering Belgian and German federations experiences, will ultimately lead us to identify solutions to improve the conclusion and implementation process of treaties in Canada.

Keyphrases: Canada, Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), federalism, democracy, treaties, Canada, European Union, Belgium, Germany
Fouilles, saisies et perquisitions de données informatiques : attente raisonnable de vie privée et infonuagique

Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides that "everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure". This provision has been written about extensively since its adoption, but also more recently because of its application to new technologies. In fact, in the last 20 years, the Supreme Court of Canada has adapted the general principles arising from search and seizure law to new technological realities, including computers and cell phones. However, the emergence of new technologies is a phenomenon that never stops. The rise of cloud computing, this model of Internet utilisation that allows access to remote services, including but not limited to data storage on delocalized servers, forces us to review the constitutional protection that can be granted to personal data. Through the study of the general principles applicable to traditional search and seizure, and search and seizure of electronic devices, we will explain why delocalized data saved using cloud computing can be protected by section 8 of the Charter. We will also analyze the various judicial authorizations available to obtain this data, as well as certain other related principles, including data encryption and password protection.

Keyphrases: Vie privée, Criminal law, Fundamentals rights, Privacy, Seizures, Criminal evidence, Electronic evidence, Cloud computing