NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Simple optimizing JIT compilation of higher-order dynamic programming languages

Efficiently implementing dynamic programming languages requires a significant development effort. Over the years, compilers have become more complex. Today, they typically include an interpretation phase, several compilation phases, several intermediate representations and code analyses. These techniques allow efficiently implementing these programming languages but are difficult to implement in contexts in which development resources are limited. We propose a new approach and new techniques to build optimizing just-in-time compilers for dynamic languages with relatively good performance and low development effort. We present a simple just-in-time compilation approach to implement a language with a single compilation phase, without the need to use code transformations to intermediate representations. We explain how basic block versioning, an existing compilation technique, can be extended without significant development effort, to work interprocedurally with higherorder programming languages allowing interprocedural optimizations on these languages. We also explain how basic block versioning allows removing operations used to implement dynamic languages that degrade performance, such as type checks, and how compilers can use Tagging and NaN-boxing to optimize the generated code with low development effort. We present our experience of building a JIT compiler using these techniques for the Scheme programming language to show that they indeed allow building compilers with less development effort than other implementations and that they allow generating efficient code that competes with current mature implementations of the Scheme language.

Keyphrases: Scheme, VM, JIT, Compiler, Higher-order, Dynamic language, Code specialization, Interprocedural
Environnements virtuels émotionnellement intelligents

Emotions were studied from different angles in the field of human-machine interaction including intelligent tutorial systems, social networks, online learning platforms and e-commerce. Much effort in affective computing are invested to integrate the emotional dimension in virtual environments (such as video games, serious games and virtual reality environments or augmented reality). However, the strategies used in games are still empirical and are based on psychological and sociological models of the player: Learning Curve, trouble management, degree of efficiency in the evaluation of performance and motivation of the player. But this analysis can mislead the system to the extent that the criteria are sometimes too vague and do not represent the actual skills of the player, nor his real difficulties. Since the intervention strategy is influenced by the accuracy of the analysis and evaluation of the player, new ways are needed to improve decision-making in games and organizing adaptation strategies in optimal way. This research aims to build a new approach to the evaluation and monitoring of the player. The approach enables more effective and less intrusive player modeling through the integration of mental and emotional states obtained from physiological sensors (brain signals, electro-dermal activity, ...) or/and optical instruments (Webcam, eye-tracker, ...). The emotional and mental states such as basic emotions (based on facial expressions), the states of engagement, motivation and attention are the most targeted in this research. In order to support adaptation in games, models of emotions and motivation of the player based on these mental and emotional indicators, have been developed. We have implemented this approach by developing a system in the form of a modular architecture that allows adaptation in virtual environments according to the player's emotional parameters detected in real time by artificial intelligence methods.

Keyphrases: Motivation, Video games, Emotion recognition, Machine learning, Adaptation in games, Physiological sensors
« Ὥσπερ τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι… » : étude des « petits » sanctuaires oraculaires en Anatolie romaine

The recent historical studies questioned both the modern assumption that divinatory practices were marginal within the Greek religion and the uniform and often Delphic vision of the oracular sanctuary, partly by broadening the spectrum of the studied sanctuaries. This research intends to contribute to this reconsideration.     Rendering the diversity of the oracular phenomenon implies questioning first the characteristics of the oracular sanctuaries. So doing, a lexical grid of the oracular sanctuary can be drawn and allows its systematic identification. Then a more complete survey can be applied to Roman Anatolia, a very rich region regarding testimonies and sanctuaries. Forty-six Anatolian sanctuaries can be identified this way, and described as far as allowed by available ancient documents. Studying and comparing these sanctuaries illustrate the diversity of the phenomenon that is irreducible to a single pattern, a deity, a divinatory method or a scale. On the contrary, it shows the embedding of these sanctuaries in the human geography of Anatolia, in the people’s religious life (and not only for consulting kings and cities) and on a wider scale in the whole plurality and diversity of ancient polytheism. It eventually shows the proximity between oracular practices and other Anatolian religious practices allowing an analogous access to the divine.    It is eventually the (partly modern) category of the oracular sanctuaries that is to be questioned and reconsidered, given the blurry and imprecise borders within the ancient practices and experiences, and the plasticity of the Greek mind regarding divination and religion.

Keyphrases: histoire, religion, divination, Ancient Greece, Roman Anatolia, history, shrine, oracular shrine, epigraphy, dedication, mapping
Extraction des informations sur la morphologie des milieux urbains par analyse des images satellites radars interférométriques

Nowadays, towns are undergoing exponential growth. The monitoring of their expansion is essential to guarantee the welfare of citizens. To do that, cartographic databases of multiple aspects of urban morphology are required. Satellite imaging using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is widely applied to generate digital terrain models (DTM) and calculate ground deformations. However, satellite interferometric SAR in urban zones is much more complex, due in part to numerous reversal, occlusion and shaded areas. First of all, algorithms to extract the 2D information on urban morphology (building footprints, land cover and road network) have been implemented. These algorithms are based only on single-polarized satellite SAR data. The decision on the type of approach was driven by robustness, automatic and speed criteria. Achieved results are comparable to results presented with aircraft images. Once algorithms have been tested on satellite intensity images, the contribution of interferometric products (interferogram and coherence) have been evaluated. Thanks to this two-step approach, we found that interferometric products have a significant contribution to segment big size objects only. Concerning the extraction of the 3D information on building heights, a method based on two interferograms, with a short and a long baseline respectively, has been developed. This approach allows to detect a large number of phase jumps while preserving a reasonable accuracy. However, this method would not have been possible without the contribution of the 2D information extracted earlier, whether for the calculation building height or for the generation of DTM. Among other things, this additional information allows to resolve the phase disturbance generated by reversal, occlusion and shaded areas.

Keyphrases: Classification, TerraSAR-X, Road network, Building height, Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry, Urban areas
Introduction à la lecture du « toque de Dios » (2S.26,8) de S. Jean de la Croix à la lumière du « sentir intellectif » (HD, 103) chez Xavier Zubiri : Philosophie « et » Théologie

This research proposes an introduction to the reading of “touch of God” (toque de Dios) [2S.26, 8] of Saint John of the Cross enlightened by the “intellective sensing” [HD, 103]. According to this Spanish philosopher, Saint John of the Cross has already established that God is present within the soul in the form of a call, nevertheless without manifesting that which He Himself is: the “naked presence of reality” to the extent that it illustrates an “intellective sensing”. Perhaps the senses are the condition of possibility for access to God?  Xavier Zubiri’s philosophy provides us with an original contribution that can enlighten the spiritual theology of interest here. In lieu of this problematic “subject”, we propose double fundamental orientations:  noologie and theological. Our analysis is developed in three stages constituting the three main divisions of our study.  Part I. on the “status quaestionis”. Part II. on the “sentient intellection” und “way of Religation”.   Part III. Introduction to the Reading of the “toque de Dios” enlightened by “intellective sensing”.

Keyphrases: religation, toque de Dios, Xavier Zubiri, intellective sensing, Saint John of the Cross
Imaginaires du «roman canadien» : discours sur le genre romanesque et pratiques d’écriture au Québec (1919-1939)

The main hypothesis of this thesis is that the inter-war period marks the advent of a new discourse on what will be known as the “roman canadien” in Quebec. This new denomination is linked with a change in the practices of the genre, which diversify greatly during this period. In the first part of this thesis, I attempt to define the term “roman canadien” in the sections on the novel of literary histories and textbooks published at the time, and in periodicals that offer reflections on the novel as a genre. This study of the discourse reveals how critics, writers and publishers define the “roman canadien” during this time and thus allows me to consider the implications of such a classification for the literary field during the inter-war period. In the second portion of the thesis, I study the practices of the novel through three core axes: the relationship with the serial novel model; the depiction of mixed marriage in regionalist novels; and the new methods of narration in the novel. The relationship with periodicals and the press appears first as a significant element of the construction of the novel as a genre. More specifically, the inter-war period corresponds to the last phase of the novel’s dissociation from periodicals and allows the creation of popular novels whose form straddles the serial novel and the volume novel. The second axis of the study, the use of the mixed marriage trope in the Canadian novel of the 1920s, highlights how regionalist authors exploit the novel form, especially by the depiction of wedding in fiction, to promote their ideology. The last major change that I address concerns narration in the novel, based on novels written from a first-person perspective. The study of these three transformations of the “roman canadien” give a new understanding of the creation of the novel as a genre in Quebec. At the end of my study, I connect discourse and practice to give an overview of the emergence and consolidation of a specific generic model in the French-Canadian imagination.

Keyphrases: Roman canadien, XXe siècle, Canadian novel, Literary genres, Quebec literature, Cultural history, Book market, 20th century
Les représentations de l’Allemagne dans la littérature québécoise et la presse montréalaise de l’entre-deux-guerres

In the wake of the events of the twentieth century, Germany as an enemy marked the collective memory of Quebec. Germany was representing then a repelling figure of radical otherness. Nevertheless, the representations of Germany are far from being univocal in the texts of fiction and press in Quebec between the two world wars. Indeed, the discourse on Germany is paradoxical and reflects a tension in its representations. In this thesis, we focus on the representations of Germany in the Quebec literature and the Montreal press during the interwar period. Our goal was to understand the ways in which the Other, Germany, is constructed in the fiction and press discourse of 1918-1939. We worked on a period of twenty-one years in order to trace the crystallization of stereotypes about Germany as well as their evolution over time. To carry out our project, we did a microstructural analysis on the discursive practices and a macrostructural analysis on the great motives and the modes of presence of Germany in the texts. We have worked on literary texts and newspapers in order to give a better highlight on the distinctions and intersections between the various strategies of discourse that represent the Other. For literary texts, we have explored all the Quebec novels published in Quebec which include an element referring to Germany in the text during the interwar period. For the press, we selected a sample of Montreal newspapers at the time: La Patrie (1879-1978), La Presse (1884 -), Le Canada (1903-1954), Le Devoir (1910 -) and L'Autorité (1913-1955). We have worked on historical and political events in which Germany was a key player: the end of the Great War (1918), the advent of Hitler in power (1933), the Olympic Games in Berlin (1936), the annexation of Austria to Germany (1938) and the beginning of the Second World War (1939).

Keyphrases: Germany, Otherness, Stereotypes, Pattern, Event, Interwar, Montreal newspapers, Quebec literature
Souveraineté(s) du littéraire? L'agir textuel et la question de l'exception : l'exemple de Bernard-Marie Koltès

This thesis proposes a theoretical reflection based on the concept of sovereignty and, more precisely, on the notion of exception which is at the center of one of the most canonical attempts of its definition, that of the German Carl Schmitt in Political Theology: “Sovereign is he who decides on the exception.” We begin by studying some of the most important readings of this text established, throughout the twentieth century, in a network of comments thinking about power, its origins and the forms of its manifestations but also, even though at a distance, about the evolution of a reflection on the politics of literature and the special type of performativity made possible by the literary (in particular here: Walter Benjamin, Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, Peter Sloterdijk, Gilles Deleuze). Then, the thesis takes a broad perspective (rooted in literature but not leaving the area of philosophy and critical theory) to analyze the work of Bernard-Marie Koltès (and more particularly the so-called texts of “youth,” much less studied). Hence the thesis aims to feed a long lasting argument within the literary studies as it notes, in its turn, but from its very own point of view, that in contemporary times the question of social or political action of the literary text goes far beyond the questioning of the forms of engagement, and can less than ever be solved solely in the theoretical figure of a stable relation between abstract decision-making bodies negotiating, by and in statements of language, the concrete deployment of an action in the world.

Keyphrases: exception, Bernard-Marie Koltès, sovereignty, contemporary drama, literature and politics, literature and philosophy
El carácter cínico en Armando Ramírez, Guillermo Fadanelli y Rocío Boliver : una exploración de la escritura, el cuerpo y la sexualidad

The present investigation explores the narrative universe of three Mexican authors: Armando Ramírez, Guillermo Fadanelli and Rocío Boliver. Despite obvious differences, their works share characteristics that I propose to identify as “cynical”. In this dissertation, we use cynicism as a theoretical approach that makes possible new interpretations of artistic, cultural, and political expressions that have entered into conflict with dominant value systems. Through different narrative genres and idioms (novel, short story, literary essays and performance), these authors’ shared discursive universe expresses a discomfort with the world and reflects on the existential conflicts of the Mexican social subject. The authors appropriate writing, the body and sexuality as prime material for the denunciation of the political devices that configure social categories, as well as the canons and norms that regulate the cultural environment’s ethical and aesthetic codes. At the same time, by taking bodily and written languages to the extremes of abjection, the body and sexuality emerge in these productions as an irruption and displacement of official discourses. Armando Ramírez gives his novel a the cynical dimension by using the violence of language and sexual assault to denounce, with the voice of the subjugated, a long history of class conflict. In Guillermo Fadanelli, cynicism expresses itself through the destruction of universal discourses that give linear meaning to existence. Fadanelli profanes writing, literary genres, the family as a social institution, the maternal figure and sexual taboos. For her part, Rocío Boliver’s work becomes cynical when she questions the absence of a positive representation of female sexuality and old age. She resorts to disidentification with the Catholic religion and the mechanisms of capitalization of the body. This allows me to situate these three authors in the Western, and especially Mexican, cynical tradition, as this dissertation also recognizes the historical presence of critical cynicism in Mexico’s cultural production and in the construction of its national identities.

Keyphrases: Abjection, Performance, Armando Ramírez, Guillermo Fadanelli, Rocío Boliver, Cynicism, Body performance, Philosophy and literature, Mexican literature, Violence
Par-delà le rêve et la veille : la fin du monde. Une approche cosmologique de l'entre-deux. S. Hedayat, I. al-Koni et A. Volodine

This dissertation aims to study the in-between of dreams and wake from a cosmological an-gle. We will argue that every text of our corpus conveys a particular vision of the world me-diated by an interstitial level, through which the characters negotiate their identity and rela-tionship with the world, notably in a context of cultural apocalypse. In chapter zero, we situ-ate our statement vis a vis the contemporary field of discourse aiming to re-evaluate the con-cept of ‘‘Great Divide”, on which modern ontology is based (Descola, Latour, Morin). This deconstruction leads us to consider the mediation link interrelating dreams with reality in a context of imagination crisis (Augé), so as to interrogate the type of forward-looking reality that the dialectical logic (Benjamin) makes us consider. In light of this epistemological device, the first chapter focuses on the novel The Blind Owl (Bouf-e-kour) by Iranian writer Sadegh Hedayat (1936). Between the states of dream and wake is revealed the collapse of ancient Persian cosmology, signified to the narrator by a female angel coming to die in his bed. The hermeneutic and semantic analysis of the text reveals the shift from a premodern vision of the world, based on the deciphering of the Imaginal Real through « angélophanie » (Corbin), to a spectral perspective subjecting the present to an irrevocably dead origin (Derrida). In the sec-ond chapter, the Tuareg Ibrahim al-Koni’s (al-Tibr, 1990) Gold Dust shows the in-between as the pedestal of a cosmic structure where beings oppose and complement each other be-tween the visible and the invisible (Claudot-Hawad). Through the protagonist’s descent into hell between dream and wake, a cosmological study reveals an ecology extending human ter-ritory through the spirit and animal domains, so as to make it reach the ‘‘unity of existence’’ which desert is the equation. The third and final chapter is devoted to the analysis of Antoine Volodine's Le Port intérieur (1995) and post-exoticism in general, which describes the in-between as a transmigration medium. We aim to investigate how the apocalypse, constantly reactivated, lifts the veil on the horrific reality that the characters reimagine in an eternal transi-tion between life and death, dream and wake. Finally, the echoing of these three works leads us to question the dream's ability to generate reality on the threshold of the future’s unknown, which literature invites us to redesign through a cosmological refoundation.

Keyphrases: apocalypse, dream, reality, in-between, cosmology
Función-significado-forma: un modelo para el estudio de los tiempos verbales del español

Theoretical studies on verb tenses show a wide range of diverse, and sometimes contradictory, perspectives. This lack of consensus is also observed in research that deals with the acquisition and use of tenses by different groups of speakers of Spanish and other languages. It is worth noting that the scope of many of these studies is restricted to the contrast between the forms cantaba and cantó, and that aspects such as verb tense polysemy has not received much attention in this area of research. Taking this as the starting point, this thesis seeks to make an in-depth analysis of the Spanish verb tense paradigm, in terms of morphology, meaning and use. In order to do so, we set out to accomplish these two goals: 1) to develop a model of verb tenses, based on the distinction between commentary and narration, that will be able to convey the paradigmatic relations of verb tense meanings through different narrative functions, and 2) to propose a methodology that makes use of this model to analyze narrations in the past. To illustrate this second goal, we offer a sample analysis of written narrations made by speakers of Spanish L1 and L2 (advanced). The results show that both groups are successful in their use of different verb forms to express the meanings conveyed in the four narrative functions proposed in our model, but also point to a possible difference between the groups in terms of how they deal with verb tense polysemy.

Keyphrases: acquisition des langues secondes, verb tenses, polysemy, morphosyntax, second language acquisition, Spanish