NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Caractérisation photométrique et spectroscopique de compagnons sous-stellaires de faible masse autour d'étoiles de la région de formation Upper Scorpius

Following the discovery of about 2000 brown dwarfs over the past two decades, we begin to understand the physics of these objects of mass intermediate between stellar and planetary masses. Nevertheless, the atmosphere and evolution models for these low-mass objects are still struggling to reproduce their characteristics at young ages. This work presents the characterization of four sub-stellar mass (8-30 MJup) companions orbiting at large separation (300-900 AU) around young stars (5 Myr) in the Upper Scorpius formation region. New spectra (0,9-2,5 um) and new photometric measurements (YJHKsL') are presented and analyzed in order to determine the mass, effective temperature, luminosity and surface gravity of these companions, while assessing the fidelity with which the synthetic spectra from two recent atmosphere models reproduce the observed spectra.

Keyphrases: Upper Scorpius, Cibles: (HIP 78530, [PGZ2001] J161031.9-191305, GSC 06214-00210, 1RXS J160929.1-210524), Brown dwarfs, Young stars, Infrared imaging, Infrared spectroscopy, Upper Scorpius, Targets: (HIP 78530, [PGZ2001] J161031.9-191305, GSC 06214-00210, 1RXS J160929.1-210524)
Étude DFT+U des phases structurales du La2CuO4

Presented here is a study on the hole doped La2CuO4, the first discovered high-­‐Tc superconductor of the cuprate family. The different electronic phases of this crystal are briefly reviewed. The three crystal structures present in this material are described, and the link between those phases and the electronic structure are discussed. The relationship of those structural phases with the magnetic phases is investigated with the help of calculations based on the density functional theory where an additional Hubbard term has been added (DFT+U). With the help of the Hubbard parameter, the effect of the electronic correlation’s strength on the structural parameters of the crystal is also studied. The idea here is to verify how well the DFT+U is able to reproduce the experimental phase diagram of this material. The effect of the tilting of the oxygen octahedras on the electronic structure is also addressed.

Keyphrases: La2CuO4, DFT, PBE+U, cuprates, La2CuO4, superconductivity, DFT, electronic structure, crystaline structure, PBE+U, antiferromagnetism, phase diagram, oxygen octaedras, cuprates
Implantation et validation d’un modèle Monte Carlo du Cyberknife dans un outil de calcul de dose clinique

Purpose: The scope of this study is to implement a clinical Monte Carlo dose calculation system based on the EGSnrc engine. This web-based tool will be mostly used to evaluate clinical treatment plans in highly heterogeneous phantoms.  Methods: The Monte Carlo calculation tool is based on the DOSXYZnrc user code. The platform automatically converts CyberKnife clinical plan to the user code input files. Phantoms can be created from HU to ED curves or by manually assigning material using medical contours. Parallel computation is made on a Compute Canada high-performance cluster to reduce simulation time. A Monte Carlo CyberKnife model is built on BEAMnrc user code using the manufacturer specifications. Simulated and experimental data is compared to estimate the electron beam parameters. The beam energy estimation is based on percent depth dose (PDD) comparison while the full width at half max (FWHM) is validated by output factor (OF) and off-axis ratio (OAR). An EGS_chamber model of the PTW60012 diode is used in the OF calculation. A set of phase-spaces is generated from the optimal model and for each collimator to calculate dose contribution from each incident beam.  Results: The linac model optimisation yielded a 0.5% PDD agreement between experimental and simulation data, and a 0.5% or 1 mm for OAR. DOSxyz simulation of full treatment plan, based on the preliminary CyberKnife model, were achieved. Total Monte Carlo dose calculation have been achieved for heterogeneous phantoms. Uncertainty under 1% can be achieved for less than 2 hour of computing time. However, computing time estimation is nontrivial due to its dependence on cluster availability.  Conclusion: This work aims to develop a suitable tool for reference plan dose calculation. This web-based tool would be used in several clinical and research applications where the CyberKnife embedded ray-tracing algorithm would show significant limitations. Because it is destined to a clinical use, the whole dose calculation system will be rigorously validated.

Keyphrases: Monte Carlo, CyberKnife, Treatment planning system, Nonstandard dosimetry, Stereotactic radiosurgery, EGSnrc, Radiation therapy
Imagerie par susceptibilité magnétique appliquée aux seins

The following manuscript is about the development of a methodology called quantitative susceptibility mapping. This methodology was applied to the breast with the purpose of detecting microcalcifications. To validate these algorithms, a digital phantom and a water phantom were created. Using these images, adjustable parameters were adjusted on our methodology. Thereafter, problems related to breast imaging, like the presence of fat and the proximity of the lungs, were explored. Finally, in vivo images, acquired at 1.5 and 7.0 Tesla were analyzed by our methodology. On these 1.5T images, we successfully observed the presence of microcalcifications. On the other hand, the 7.0T images allowed us to provide a better contrast than the standard magnitude images.

Keyphrases: Microcalcification, Magnetic resonance imaging, Breast, Cancer, Quantitative susceptibility mapping, Detection, Microcalcification, Regularization
Étude de la cinétique et des dommages de gravure par plasma de couches minces de nitrure d’aluminium

A crucial step in the fabrication of high-frequency MEMS is the etching of the columnar AlN thin film acting as the piezoelectric material.  Realized in close collaboration with researchers from Teledyne Dalsa, the objective of this master thesis is to better understand the physico-chemical mechanisms driving the etching kinetics and damage formation dynamics during etching of AlN in Ar/Cl2/BCl3 plasmas.  In the first set of experiments, we have studied the influence of the operating parameters of an inductively coupled plasma on the number density of the main etching species in such plasmas, namely positive ions and Cl atoms.  These measurements were then correlated with the etching characteristics, in particular the etching rate, the surface roughness, and the chemical properties of the AlN layer after etching.  In Ar/Cl2 plasmas, our work has highlighted the inhibition effect of AlO, a compound formed during the AlN growth by reactive magnetron sputtering and not from plasma-wall interactions or from the incorporation of moisture in the columnar nanostructure of AlN.  In presence of small amounts of BCl3 in the Ar/Cl2 plasma, we have observed a significant increase of the etching yield of AlN due to the formation of volatile BOCl compounds.  Furthermore, our work has demonstrated that there are two levels of roughness following etching: a lower roughness produced by the presence of AlO in Ar/Cl2 plasmas which is independent of the etching rate and a larger roughness due to preferential desorption of Al in Ar/Cl2/BCl3 plasmas which increases linearly with the etching rate.

Keyphrases: MEMS, Plasma etching, Damage formation, Aluminum nitride (AlN)
LHC luminosity measurement with the ATLAS-MPX detectors

In operation since 2008, the ATLAS experiment is the largest of all the experiments at the LHC. The ATLAS-MPX (MPX) detectors installed in ATLAS are based on the Medipix2 silicon pixelated detector which has been developed by the Medipix Collaboration at CERN to perform real-time imaging. They can be used for luminosity measurements. They were installed at sixteen different positions in the ATLAS cavern at the LHC in 2008. The MPX network successfully collected data independently of the ATLAS data recording chain from 2008 to 2013. Each MPX detector provides measurements of the integrated LHC luminosity. This thesis describes the technique for calibrating the luminosity data and performance of MPX detectors for measuring the luminosity in 2012. The calibration was performed via the van der Meer (vdM) scans technique which allows the measurement of the convolved beam sizes in the vertical and the horizontal planes at the ATLAS interaction point (IP1). The determination of the absolute luminosity requires a precise knowledge of the beam intensities and the number of beam bunches. A luminosity calibration constant was determined. The three calibration scans were analyzed and the results were cross-checked among the MPX detectors and other ATLAS sub-detectors specifically dedicated to luminosity measurement. The luminosity determined from the calibration scans was compared to the luminosity of regular runs before and after the vdM scans. The MPX network gives reliable information for the overall ATLAS luminosity determination over a wide dynamic range (luminosity from 5 × 10^29 cm−2 s−1 up to 7 × 10^33 cm−2 s−1).

Keyphrases: ATLAS, LHC, Pixel detector, luminosity
L’argument de la pente glissante : analyse rhétorique de son usage en bioéthique (avortement et euthanasie)

This study examines how the slippery slope argument is used in debates on abortion and euthanasia. The hypothesis is that the slippery slope argument can be used wrongfully in some cases, but it may also be reasonable in others. The objective of this study is to investigate some of the recurring arguments in bioethics in order to test their relevance, validity and their impact on the philosophical level. This study is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the use of the “sorites” slippery slope argument in the abortion debate. The second part focuses on the “full slippery slope argument” as used in the debate on euthanasia.

Keyphrases: Abortion, Euthanasia, Bioethics, Rhetoric, Fallacy, Slippery slope argument
La phénoménologie de l’attention chez Husserl et l’idée d’une phénoménologie thérapeutique

The main objective of the present essay is to show that the central philosophical gesture in Husserlian phenomenology – the transcendental ἐποχή – beyond its methodological usefulness, possesses an inherent ethico-therapeutic value. It is by way of an in-depth study of the theme of attention in Husserl, and of its connections to the will, the ego and to language, that we will uncover the ethical value specific to the ἐποχή, but also to Husserl’s philosophy as a whole. Indeed, we will argue that it is the “humanist” aim – in line with the traditional German ideal of Bildung (the moral and cultural edification of mankind) – that allows us to better grasp the global project of our author, on the one hand, and to distance ourselves from the technicist tendency of the modern sciences of the mind, on the other.

Keyphrases: Husserl, Attention, Philosophy, Intentionality, Phenomenology, Transcendental, Therapeutic, Ethics, Consciousness, Language
Adorno : jazz, industrie culturelle et idéologie

Adorno’s critique of jazz music is subject of a debate regarding his elitism or lack thereof. More often than not, Adorno is considered to be elitist on account of his aesthetic theory and his critical position on jazz and mass culture which he refers to as Kulturindustrie. This memoir posits that the allegations of elitism directed towards Adorno are the result of a misunderstanding of Adorno’s overall philosophy and the role which his critique of jazz music plays within this whole. The fact of the matter is that Adorno’s critique of jazz can best be analyzed by a philosophical approach that includes an analysis of his dialectic of reason as well as his concept of ideology which Adorno links to his concept of Aufklärung. Furthermore, an analysis of the concept of autonomy and its importance for his critique of jazz and the Kulturindustrie as well as his aesthetic theory is essential to this end. Such an analysis leads to the conclusion that the accusation of elitism is inadmissible.

Keyphrases: Jazz, Adorno, ideology, cultural industry, autonomy, esthetic theory, Aufklärung
Le désir d'éternité : réflexion autour de la notion de plénitude chez Charles Taylor

This M.A. thesis unfolds a reflexion upon the concept of fullness as developed by Charles Taylor, especially in his book A Secular Age, in which the idea of fullness is intrinsically connected with modernity, belief and unbelief. For Taylor, the understanding of modernity implies a grasping of the change that allowed the transition from a context where unbelief in God was considered inconceivable to a context where belief remains only an option. That change consists essentially in a modification of our very representation of fullness. What is fullness for Charles Taylor? It is the condition to which any human being tends towards, and which implies an answer, unspoken or not, to the question of the meaning of life. My main goal will be the understanding of the nature of fullness as conceived by Charles Taylor. I shall show that the twofold definition of fullness in A Secular Age generates a tension between fullness conceived as a unique event, and fullness conceived as a constant aspiration towards meaning (which identifies with goodness). I shall suggest a resolution of this tension through an understanding of fullness which aims to restore its fundamental unity – the idea being to grasp the notion of fullness as a unique event and as the constant aspiration to meaning not separately, but in their relationship with one other. This interpretation model, provided by the idea of eternity, which is also present in A Secular Age, will allow me to establish a coincidence between the pursuit of fullness and the desire of eternity. Both of them share the same fundamental aim: through the inscription of qualitatively privileged and unique moments, constituents of life, in the very totality of this life, they aim to reveal its meaning and to bestow permanence to it. Moreover, I will argue from this coincidence between fullness and eternity that the quest for fullness doesn’t necessarily imply a religious perspective as unfolded in A Secular Age, but can lead rather to a form of transcendence that one can qualify as « temporal ».

Keyphrases: Charles Taylor, philosophy, Charles Taylor, fullness, modernity, meaning, eternity, belief, unbeliev, reasons for believing
Environnement et légitimité morale de l'ordre constitutionnel libéral

The environmental crisis threatens the fundamental values of the political liberal tradition. As the autonomy, the security and the prosperity of persons and peoples are jeopardized by political inaction, the legitimacy of the liberal constitutional order is compromised. Because of important collective action problems, the democratic processes are unfit to address the present crisis and protect adequately the natural environment. Two institutional solutions deemed capable of preserving the legitimacy of the functional domination at the heart of social order are analyzed. The first is the constitutionalization of a right to an adequate natural environment, which purports to circumvent the paralysis of legislative power. The second is the declaration of a limited state of emergency and the use of exceptional powers, which purports to circumvent the paralysis of both legislative and judiciary powers. Despite their legitimacy, the diligent application of these political solutions remains improbable.

Keyphrases: Environment, Environmental crisis, Moral legitimacy, Political values, Political liberalism, Constitutional rights, State of emergency, Necessity, Exceptional powers, Dictatorship
Vers une théorie critique du cinéma : la question de l’idéologie

The history of the concept of ideology is rich in different definitions that have attempted to circumscribe it, in a tension between the description of different worldviews and the denunciation of “false consciousness.” For the thinkers grouped under the name “Frankfurt School” ideology comes to equate the phenomenon of the Culture industry, that is to say, technical reason put at the service of the production of culture. The status of film in interesting in this regard: not only is it an art born in the industrial age and inseparable from the technical possibilities offered by the industry, but it has also been used for numerous, more or less subtle, propagandist undertakings. The leading question of our inquiry is thus the following: according to the critical theory of the Frankfurt School, can film be considered as a genuine form of art or is it confined to the realm of ideology? In other words, can film claim a status which would not make it solely a support of human-over-human domination?

Keyphrases: Theodor W. Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer, Max Horkheimer, Philosophy, Critical theory, Ideology, Film, Culture industry, Frankfurt School
La connaissance de soi chez Thomas d’Aquin : l’auto-intellection humaine et le moi

The purpose of this thesis is to present the different theories of self-knowledge developed by Thomas Aquinas: namely reditio incompleta, refraction of the soul on its own phantasms, preconscious reflection, reflection by reflux, abstract analysis, critical judgment and reditio completa. Although the human soul cannot have knowledge of itself directly, it can however approach its essence with its own acts or acts of consciousness. The analysis is based on the cognitio habitualis, habitus of all knowledge, that is the root of the trinitarian image in humankind and that guarantees the truth of human intellection. This involved translating questions 87 to 89 of the Summa Theologiae, in which Aquinas considers humanity’s understanding of immaterial substances and the separate soul’s knowledge. This demonstrates how the human soul shares common ground with other substances of the universe.

Keyphrases: Anges, Reditio completa, Thomas Aquinas, Self-knowledge, Reflection, Habitual knowledge, Trinity, Knowledge of God, Angels, Separate soul, Reditio completa, Philosophy
Introduction à quelques aspects de quantification géométrique

We review some differential geometric prerequisite needed for an initial approach of the geometric quantization theory, i.e. basic notions in symplectic geometry, Lie group, Lie group action, principal G-bundle, connection, associated bundle, almost-complex structure. This leads to an in-depth study of Hermitian line bundles that leads to an existence condition for a prequantum line bundle over a symplectic manifold. With these tools, we start a study of geometric quantization, step by step. We introduce the prequantization theory, which is the construction of operators associated to classical observables and construction of a Hilbert space. Some major problems arise when applying prequantization in concrete examples : the obtained operators are not exactly those expected by first quantization and the constructed Hilbert space is too big. A first correction, polarization, corrects some problems, but greatly limits the set of classical observables that we can quantize.  This dissertation is not a complete survey of geometric quantization, which is not its goal. It's not covering metaplectic correction, neither BKS kernel. It's a side lecture for those introducing themselves to geometric quantization. First, it's introducing differential geometric concepts taken for granted in (Woodhouse [21]) and (Sniatycki [18]), i.e. principal G-bundles and associated bundles. Secondly, it adds details to some brisk proofs given in these two last references.

Keyphrases: symplectic geometry, geometric quantization, prequantization, polarization
Érasme en français : édition critique de la "Paraphrase sur l’epistle de saint Paul l’apostre aux Roumains" d’Hubert Kerssan (1526)

The writings of Erasmus of Rotterdam (ca 1466-1536) contributed to many fields such as exegesis, philology and literature. They had a major influence on the history of ideas and on humanist evangelism. Overmore, the "Paraphrases on the New Testament", that were meant to clarify the meaning of Holy Scripture, represent the outcome of all the exegetic work of Erasmus. They participated even more than scholar commentaries to diffuse piety and biblical knowledge among lay people. This explains the great success they gained in the 16th century. The "Paraphrase on Paul’s letter to the Romans" had a special importance in the religious reform context. It was translated from latin language to french in a 1526 manuscript written by Hubert Kerssan, canon of the city of Nivelles, in the Walloon Brabant. Since this translation was probably intended for a private use or at least a limited diffusion, it is still unknown in the area of erasmian studies. For this reason, our project is to make the 1526 manuscript accessible by establishing a critical edition. While doing this editorial work, we compared Kerssan’s translation with Erasmus’ Paraphrase in latin in order to determine in which way it differs from the original. We also investigated the possible reasons it was not published in the humanist context of the 16th century. After five hundred years, the Nivelles manuscript can finally be diffused. We hope that this critical edition contributes to a better understanding the reception and diffusion of Erasmus’ philosophy in french speaking environment all around Europe, as well as to the study of theological and cultural issues that arises from his writings.

Keyphrases: Paraphrase, 16th century literature, Humanism, Biblical exegesis, Reception, Translation, Paraphrase, Erasmus
Procès-verbal ; suivi de Filiation(s) rompue(s) : mémoire en pièces et tissus de parole dans Parents et amis sont invités à y assister d’Hervé Bouchard

The first part of this thesis consists of a short theatrical text entitled Procès-Verbal. It features a fragmentary story and explores the ideas of burst identity, broken memory and mimicry. These themes are related with mechanisms of repetition, minimalist formal treatment and abundant silences, representative of the faded identity of the characters. The second part of the thesis, entitled Filiation(s) rompue(s) : mémoire en pièces et tissus de parole, gets into the themes of memory and heritage in Hervé Bouchard’s novel Parents et amis sont invités à y assister. The analysis aims to highlight the link between textual fragmentation and disrupted legacy. It focuses specifically on the dislocation of speech, indication of a broken identity.

Keyphrases: filiation, Hervé Bouchard, creative writing, Quebec literature, contemporary novel, contemporary theatre, filiation, inheritance, Hervé Bouchard
Stéréotypes et auto-exotisme : les représentations de la sexualité de l'homme noir chez René Depestre et Dany Laferrière

This thesis uses the concepts of stereotype (as theorized by Ruth Amossy, Jean-Louis Dufay and Mireille Rosello) and self-exoticism (defined by Nathalie Schon) to study the representations of the sexuality of the black man in Alléluia pour une femme-jardin from author René Depestre and La chair du maître from Dany Laferrière. Stereotype and exoticism are both dependent on a vision of the other that is generalizing, superficial and ephemeral. Here, they are used in a self-referential way by the authors of Haitian origin, which depict black protagonists often corresponding to the stereotype of black hyper-sexual male, which is derived from yet demeaning colonial fantasies. In this research, we analyze the different postures of male sexuality in the work of Depestre and Laferrière in order to reveal a varied use of stereotypes, sometimes renewed, sometimes displaced or rendered obsolete or uncertain, with various textual strategies such as humor, irony, exaggeration or omission. In doing so, we note that the complex use of stereotypes in Depestre and Laferrière texts, whatever it procedes by the use of the same tropes, denotes different ways for the characters to deal with their own "strangeness".

Keyphrases: Corps noir, Stereotypes, Self-exoticism, Male sexuality, Black body, Black men, Haitian literature, Exoticism, Alterity