NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Entre deux régimes : Louis-Léonard Aumasson de Courville et ses Mémoires

Published in 1838 but dating essentially from the end of the French Regime in Canada, Les Mémoires du S... de C..., contenant l’histoire du Canada durant la guerre, et sous le gouvernement anglais have been attributed since 1940 to Louis-Léonard Aumasson de Courville (c. 1722-1781), a notary and clerk from the Champagne region of France who lived in Acadia and in the St. Lawrence Valley. Now held by the McCord Museum Archives, the manuscript that was published in 1838 thus dates from the later 1750s. Shortly after the British conquest of the colony, Courville began revising this text for submission to the new administration, writing a second manuscript, which, if the still extant version (also in the McCord Archives) is any indication, corresponded to only part of the first text. Both versions differ from other descriptions of the colony during these years by their incisive and anticlerical tone. The first chapter of the thesis traces the history of Courville’s texts: the circumstances leading to their writing; their use by historians; their analysis by Aegidius Fauteux with a view to identifying the mysterious S… de C…. The second chapter attempts to understand Courville’s motives by examining his difficult colonial career. The third and last chapter analyzes Courville’s portrait of colonial life in his texts, which amount to an indictment of the corruption of the last years of the French regime.

Keyphrases: Louis-Léonard Aumasson de Courville, Aegidius Fauteux, corruption, mémoire, anticlericalism, memory, French regime, indictment
L'historiographie française du Second Empire français : de la légende noire à la restauration

The perception of the Second French Empire has long been a subject of controversy in French historiography. For a long time, the regime was synonymous with national shame, and historians presented Napoleon III in an unfavourable manner that persisted for decades. Negative interpretations prevailed until the 1930s and the 1940s, after which a number of historians challenged preconceptions about the regime and began to portray it positively.  By performing external and internal analyses of books on the Second Empire written by French authors since 1870, this thesis identifies factors that explain the slow transformation of the understanding of the regime and the Emperor by historians. External analysis will demonstrate that authors, historical context and changing norms in the historical profession play important roles in the writing of French history. Internal analysis consists of examination of the regime’s socio-economic, domestic, foreign policies, and of the Emperor’s personality. It will show that other factors, such as sources used and angles from which a subject is studied, had an impact on the way authors construed the Second Empire and Napoleon III.

Keyphrases: Historiography, Second French Empire, Historians, Napoleon III
Mouvements de masse par solifluxion et dynamique syngénétique du pergélisol du Haut-Arctique

The high Arctic is characterized by many extreme climatic and geomorphologic phenomena. Very cold temperatures, low precipitation and sparse vegetation cover, permit a deep penetration of cold in the soil. The latter, combined with a great number of freeze-thaw cycles, give rise to different surface features which in turn affect permafrost evolution dynamics and induce a vertical and lateral variability of the ice content distributions in the soil. This thesis focusses on the influence of a stone-banked solifluction lobe on permafrost evolution dynamics on Ward Hunt Island, Nunvut (Canada). By using a cryostratigraphic approach, the objectives are first, to characterize the cryostratigraphy of a solifluction lobe and second, to propose an evolution model of permafrost in reaction to the downslope displacement of material by solifluction. The cryostratigraphic analysis revealed that the solifluction lobes formation lead to the development of a syngenetic layer of permafrost with an ice content that varied according to the morphology of the lobe, and to the burial and preservation of a pre-existing body of massive ice at the base of the slope. The vertical and lateral sequence of the cryofacies presents the displacement of the lobe and its impact on spatial and temporal variability of the permafrost, that being, the aspects of aggradation related to the accumulation of material at the surface as well as degradation due to the actual climatic warming.

Keyphrases: permafrost, cryostratigraphy, cryofacies, syngenetic, ground ice, thaw unconformity, solifluction, mass movement, Ward Hunt Island, High Arctic, solifluction lobe, syngenetic permafrost, polar desert, massive ice, buried sea ice, oxygen-18
Institutions and “Collective Action” in a transitional country context : managing water resources in the Syr Darya River Basin

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the newly independent countries of Central Asia undertook reforms of their agrarian sectors with varying degrees of speed and depth.  In general, the reforms consisted of changes in the nature of land tenure and in the decentralization of irrigation and drainage management.   Through these reforms, former state management institutions were abolished leaving an institutional vacuum that presented an opportunity for the development of local-level management institutions.  However, the historical context of the region poses particular challenges that may impede users to capitalize on such opportunities.     Water User’s Associations or the local administration manage irrigation and drainage systems at the local level.  Water User Associations represent international donor-driven initiatives to introduce equitable, democratic and participative institutions for irrigation and drainage management.  There are indications that those informal institutions and traditional modes of cooperation that survived the Soviet era are gaining importance.  This study maps out the various institutions, defined as "rules in use", that farmers employ to manage the irrigation and drainage system in the Ferghana Valley within the context of changing land and water rights.  The key objectives of the study are (1) to understand the importance of irrigated water for local livelihoods in the research area; (2) to explore certain characteristics of the formal and informal institutions through which farmers manage irrigation and drainage systems; and (3) to depict ways in which “collective action” in irrigation water management can be strengthened.  The methodology consists of a synthesis of existing literature and fieldwork in the Ferghana Valley in Kyrgyzstan, from April 30 until 31 July, 2008. The results of the research are presented as a case study.

Keyphrases: Common pool resources management, Irrigation water management, Irrigation management transfer, Water users association, Central Asia
Éclairage théologique et historique du credo corinthien : critique de la forme et histoire de la tradition de 1 Corinthiens 15:1-11

This Master’s thesis deals with the creed found in 1 Corinthians 15:1-11: its origin, literary and historical contexts in I Corinthians as well as the theology and historical significance of its parts. It is focused primarily on identifying the boundaries of the creed in the pericope. A form criticism analysis leads to an argument for a long version of the creed which includes verses 3b-7 (but excluding v. 6b). Secondly, the question of Paul’s use of tradition is addressed as well as its contextualization in I Corinthians 15. On the one hand, it is argued that Paul received the creed from the Apostle Peter and James, the brother of Jesus, in Jerusalem around the year AD 36, and that the creed had been formed before that time. On the other hand, Paul uses it in 1 Corinthians 15 to oppose a Greek perspective on life after death, which viewed physical resurrection as absurd. In this perspective, resurrection meant a return to a body identical to the present body, which is mortal/corruptible and characterized by vice/sin. Thirdly, the creed is systematically analyzed on both the theological and historical levels. On the theological level, it will be demonstrated that the mystical union of Christians with Christ is presupposed and that the notion probably goes back to the tradition present in 1 Corinthians 11:23-25. Furthermore, Isaiah 53, Hosea 6:2 and Genesis 22:4 are presented as the primary texts used to develop this ancient tradition. Finally, it is argued that three founding events, namely, the death, the burial and the appearances of Christ, are to be considered historical. The author does not take a position on the historicity of the resurrection, considering that it is an explanatory fact and not an observed fact. This question would require another methodology which goes beyond the scope of this thesis.

Keyphrases: 1 Corinthians 15:1-11, Creed, Form criticism, Tradition history, Theology, Historicity, Paul of Tarsus
L’alternative de la participation politique chez le mouvement islamique de l’unicité et de la réforme au Maroc

This study addresses one of the most important issues facing Islamic movements, among others, engagement and political participation. It investigates the nature and references of these movements, particularly the Movement of Unification and Reform (MUR) and also analysis, adopting a neutral and objective approach, combining the theoretical framework with that of practice, their results as socio-political movements aiming to provide social and political change in Muslim communities.  The experience of political participation of Moroccan Islamists across the Movement of Unification and Reform (active politically under the cover of the Justice and Development Party [PJD]) represents a typical model that deserves careful research and study. Indeed, Morocco is among the first countries to allow moderate Islamist movement, to officialy enter the political field and to activate in legally. Also, Islamists in Morocco have stood out in the political scene and overcame cuts theses based on a radical opposition to the governing regimes. Given the importance of the presence and weight currently enjoyed by Islamic movements, it is now clear to many observers and experts that we cannot talk about the political and social future in the countries of the Islamic world without mentioning or taking into account the important role of these movements. Most studies undertaken in the area were concerned with fundamental and theoretical aspects of Islamic movements; however, this study emerges from the batch by its focus on Islamic organizations and their political participation by taking MUR as a case study. It addresses the definitional and cognitive problem related to the notion of Islamic movements. Then explains the rapid spread of these movements in the Islamic world, and identifies the driving ideologies of their action to understand their concepts and attitudes toward authority and society.

Keyphrases: political Islam, political participation, Islamic movement, political party, salafism, extremism, reformist
Le contrôle de gestion dans l'Assemblée évangélique chrétienne du salut pour tous (AECST) : apport des sciences de la gestion à la praxéologie pastorale

If it is possible to trust the information reported as much in the print media as in the speaking press in our days, to the size of the country, the credibility of the evangelic Churches was put in hard test. When we consider what has been identified to be as one of the man factors feeding most of the negative opinions on these renowned places to be « space of the meeting between believers and the Divine », it is the rigorous lack in the management of their various activities. We are agreed to say that in spite of the rumours and the suspicious certain Churches are trying the best of what to be done in order to distance themselves from bad practices which are undermining the reputation of most of them. My intent is to bring the readers on enlightening tracks by proposing briefly the various steps of the strategic management control in an Evangelic Church through the observation and the analysis of this practice. That observation will set its focus on a particular Church, which is in its twelfth year of functioning and which now experiencing an important growth over the time. As Pastor of this organization I will try to refer to my managerial working experience with several teams of employees in the « Société de Transport de Montréal » (STM)2 in order to outline the privileged values which were at the root of this success.

Keyphrases: Evangelic Church, Protestant Church, Evangelic Community, Management control, Theology practices, Pastor, Pastoral practise (Pastoral praxis)
Catalogue raisonné des maies en Grèce antique

Among the plethora of highly comprehensive books dedicated to agricultural processing workshops in ancient Greece, there is no publications to date that specifically concerns the study of press-beds. Yet, a detailed analysis of this essential component of ancient presses, whose functions were to support the loads to be pressed and redirect the liquid extracted during the operation to a collection vessel, is not without interest. Made in various shapes and with a wide variety of materials, it was used in the production of many goods: oils, cosmetics, wines, cheeses, dyes and textiles. It is a crucial element for archaeologists when it comes time to restore the production line surrounding the creation of these products. This thesis aims to fill this gap, both in establishing a catalogue of most press-beds that were discovered in the territory belonging to modern Greece, as well as analyzing and commenting on the data resulting from this operation, despite all methodological issues inherent in this type of study. The result is a picture of the distribution, both in space and time, of these press-beds, which can be used with elements provided by other researchers, to provide a fresh look at productions using presses.

Keyphrases: production, minoen, press-bed, press, oil, wine, archaeology, Greece, Minoan, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman
La mouvance médiatique : les faux Mémoires authentiques du chevalier d’Artagnan par Gatien Courtilz de Sandras

This memoir analyses the limits of textual fixity within a modern literary context. The Mémoires de d’Artagnan, published in 1700 by Courtilz de Sandras, demonstrates an example of textual mobility by being on the brink of the actual order of literary representation. Indeed, twelve editions of this tale have been published to this day without being identical to the original one, nor are these versions similar among each other. By observing the specific characteristics of its editorial course, as well as the links that correlate with the social discourse, it will be possible to determine the influential process between the different elements of this system. The thesis of this research is that this system, which is composed of all mediums representing the musketeers, constitutes an overdetermining form establishing a link of reciprocity between each artistic representation of the characters and a tradition that becomes a cultural myth.  This study suggests that the Mémoires de d’Artagnan deviates from the actual order of the literary representations published. In fact, the editorial path positions itself closer to the paradigm of the medieval "mouvance" writings than from the modern conception of literature. To support this claim, this study will first establish the characteristics of the initial publication, the text of Courtilz, which does not contain elements that suggest textual mobility. This tale is representative of the era, with its own particularities, but its construction is not revolutionary. The modification of the text occurs after the release of Les Trois Mousquetaires and the cultural importance acquired by the characters, which in turn came to overdetermine the original text. Furthermore, the confrontation of the different mediums demonstrate the influence of the myth in construction and of the progressive elaboration of a tradition. An intermedial approach will allow us to combine the different relations these mediums undertake by placing them inside a system. By mobilizing the methodological tools of the history of books, as well as reception theory and history of edition, it will be possible to establish a careful parallel with Paul Zumthor’s work on the mediaeval "mouvance". The objective of this memoir is not to demonstrate the mobility of the Mémoires de d’Artagnan, this mobility is already clear in itself, therefore, the objective is to demonstrate the instability of any institutionalized order and the absence of a clear break in any evolution. Thus, evolution is never accomplished by the disappearance of all past foundations, elements of the past often find echo in future revolution.

Keyphrases: D'Artagnan, Charles de Batz-de-Castelmore, Courtilz de Sandras, Intermediality, Mouvance, Paul Zumthor, Mousquetaires, Musketeers, Mémoires, Memoirs, History of books, Reception theory, History of edition
L’excès et la saturation dans la dramaturgie québécoise contemporaine : Faire des enfants d’Éric Noël, Ainsi parlait d’Étienne Lepage et Nous voir nous de Guillaume Corbeil

This present master’s dissertation is based on the fact that excess and saturation are some of the recurring themes of Quebec’s contemporary drama. If these themes are present in a lot of plays, they extend uncannily in a unique way in some of them. This particularity is revealed by the analysis of three important and recent Quebec plays, which are Faire des enfants by Éric Noël, Ainsi parlait by Étienne Lepage and Nous voir nous by Guillaume Corbeil. Our sociocritic study of these plays allows to point out the fact that they mobilize, take over and transform different sociolects, discursive fragments, ideological programs, languages and ways of talking or thinking that are swarming in the contemporary social discourse. By the work they do on the “already there”, each of the plays offers a critical and original glance on the present living together. As different as their critical process may be, a comparative study of these texts however leads to show that they converge in an oxymoronic representation of the modern individual, always ambivalent between overfill and lack.

Keyphrases: Quebec’s contemporary literature, Drama, Sociocritic, Social discourse, Representation, Living together, Excess
Les voix du saltimbanque et leur mise en scène dans L'homme qui rit de Victor Hugo

Although the mountebanks as progressively disappeared from the public space, led by the constant mistrust and the aversion of the elite society, the subject knows a renewal of popularity in art and literature of the 19th century. Published in 1869, L'Homme qui rit written by Victor Hugo offers an especially elaborated representation of that figure. The book unfolds an encyclopaedism and an impressive polyphony that help to narrow the art of the mountebanks into the entirety of the theatricalisation of the public voice. The two main characters, both street performers named Gwynplaine and Ursus, are led to step over social and cultural frontiers that are normally hermetic: they evolve inter alia in the cities, on the places, the roads, through court houses, jails, inns and parliament chambers. The sociocritic study of those different paths clarifies the dialogue between the novel and the spirit of the second empire’s society, particularly with regard to the debates on misery, the meaning of the authority and the value of the theatre which cross it.

Keyphrases: Victor Hugo, L'Homme qui rit, Mountebank, Sociocriticism, Social imagination and french literature
L’ethos de l’historien dans les Historiæ canadenses de François Du Creux

This thesis examines the ethos François Du Creux as a historian in his Historiæ canadensis published in 1664. This relatively unknown work, which mostly consists of a rewriting of the New France Jesuits’ Relations, presents problems of status and purpose largely derived from the transformations that were characteristic of the writing of history in Du Creux’s time. The study of the ethos is used here as a way to address the key issues of the book by clarifying the authorial work associated with the status of the historian.  First, we have drawn from occurrences of verbs in the first person in the introductory pieces and the main text three descriptive statuses of the authorial figure: Frenchman, Jesuit, and historian. Theses statuses are linked to religious and politic matters, often controversial, that were associated with the Society of Jesus during the 17th century. Du Creux invokes them to establish his authority by citing his historian function, by defending his positions on matters that concern his order, and by asserting his familiarity with the historical players and facts. Lastly, we demonstrate how the figures used by Du Creux guide the reader’s understanding of the events that are described and deepen the comprehension of the work’s aim.

Keyphrases: Ethos, François Du Creux, Historiæ canadensis, Ethos, rhetorics, François Du Creux, Historiæ canadensis, rewriting, New France, historiography, Jesuits
Se tirer hors du monde : absence, vide et disparition dans Folle de Nelly Arcan et Les Particules élémentaires de Michel Houellebecq

This dissertation aims to analyze the different ways concepts like the void, absence and disappearance are communicated by contemporary fictions. More precisely, it focuses on two novels: Folle, by Nelly Arcan, and Les Particules élémentaires by Michel Houellebecq. In these works, the aforementioned motifs are represented on multiple levels of the text. Each of the three chapters composing this dissertation emphasizes one of these levels. The first chapter is dedicated to a narratological study of the two novels. It highlights the way the position of the narrators erases (or enhances) the idiosyncrasy of their voices. The second chapter concentrates on the diegetic dimension of the writing and establishes continuity between the absence conveyed by the narration and the void experienced by the characters. This part of the dissertation uses theories from different fields such as anthropology, psychoanalysis, and sociology. Finally, the third chapter aims at a broader reflection on the art of fiction, the act of writing and its relation with absence and death. It also studies how this conception is articulated in the works of the two authors.

Keyphrases: Roman contemporain, Nelly Arcan, Michel Houellebecq, Absence, Contemporary novel, Void, Disappearance