Activités inflammatoires des angiopoïétines
sur les neutrophiles

Angiogenesis is known as the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existent ones. This process is accompanied by inflammation, which involves the synthesis and release of numerous growth factors by inflammatory cells. Among the growth factors involved in these activities, only the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the angiopoietins (Ang1 and Ang2) can modulate both the inflammatory and the angiogenic processes. The angiopoietins family has four fully characterized members, from which Ang1 and Ang2 have been the most extensively studied. Ang1 and Ang2 are both capable to activate the receptor Tie2, initially discovered on the endothelial cell (EC) surface. We were the first group to report the expression of Tie2 on neutrophils along with its activation by Ang1 and Ang2 which can enhance platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis, β2-integrin activation, neutrophil migration and adhesion onto EC. Other studies have shown that EC have endogenous stores of VEGF and Ang2, whereas pericytes and smooth muscle cells contain intracellular pools of Ang1. Since neutrophils can release VEGF and that both angiopoietins can activate Tie2 receptor, we wanted to assess if neutrophils contain Ang1 and/or Ang2, and if so, investigate their capacity to be released under inflammatory stimuli. We observed that Ang1, but not Ang2, is found in the neutrophils and that it can be only released upon phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation. Moreover, using the nitrogen sub-cellular fractionation technique, we demonstrated that Ang1 is found in the cytosolic fraction and its release is calcium-independent, while VEGF is found in β-granules and its release is calcium-dependent. This study demonstrates for the first time the expression and release of Ang1 from the neutrophils and its localization in the cytosol. In one of our recent studies, we have shown that angiopoietins are capable to induce neutrophil migration through Tie2 activation and via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Moreover, both angiopoietins were shown to potentiate IL-8-induced neutrophil migration. Thus, we sought to investigate the capacity of Ang1 and/or Ang2 to induce IL-8 synthesis and/or release from human neutrophils. We demonstrated for the first time, the capacity of Ang1 to induce IL-8 mRNA expression, along with its protein synthesis and release from the neutrophils. However, a treatment with Ang2, alone or in combination with Ang1, had no effect on these aforementioned activities. We also observed that Ang1-induced IL-8 protein synthesis and release requires the transcriptional mechanism from IL-8 DNA to mRNA, followed by the mRNA stabilization, which ultimately enhances its translation into IL-8 protein. Finally, we also observed that neutrophil stimulation with Ang1 enhances IL-8 mRNA expression, protein synthesis and release by activating the p42/44 MAPK signalling pathway, while being independent from p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt. These results are in line with one of our recent studies, in which we observed that Ang1, but not Ang2, is capable to enhance neutrophil survival, by diminishing their apoptosis through the release of IL-8 by the neutrophils.

Keyphrases: inflammation, interleukine-8, Tie2, angiogenesis, inflammation, neutrophils, interleukin-8, angiopoietins, Tie2