NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Changements climatiques et écologiques dans le nord de l’Alaska au cours de la glaciation du Wisconsinien : le Yedoma de la rivière Itkillik

The cold-arid climate associated with the Wisconsinan glaciation in Beringia has led to the formation of a relict form of syngenetic permafrost, termed yedoma. These deposits contain various environmental proxies that can be used to reconstruct the climatic and ecological dynamics across Beringia prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). To date, only a few studies have attempted to reconstruct LGM climate north of the Brooks Range and the regional ecological heterogeneity of eastern Beringia is still poorly understood.  The present thesis focuses on paleoenvironmental reconstructions of northern Alaska spanning about 39 ka, based on sediments from the Itkillik river Yedoma. The objectives are (1) to reconstruct the regional vegetation history from pollen analysis; (2) to reconstruct the July temperatures, seasonal temperature contrast and July sunshine based on the modern analogue technique applied to pollen and (3) to link the biogeochemical and glaciological records to the reconstructed climate.   The study shows that around 35 ka BP (Middle Wisconsinan), climate conditions were similar than modern and favored the accumulation of peat and organic carbon. From 29.7 ka BP, July temperature decreased as continentality increased. Ice content was low and the vegetation was dominated by Poaceae, Artemisia and other non-graminoid indicators of xeric environmental conditions. Isotopic anomalies of 18O, 2H and deuterium excess indicate a glacial advance (Late Wisconsinan). Improving climate and ecological conditions is recorded after 17.9 ka BP (Late Glacial). Overall, the results are more similar to reconstructions of other sites located in northern and interior Alaska than those from interior Yukon or western Beringia.

Keyphrases: Paleoecology, Syngenetic permafrost, Yedoma, Wisconsinan glaciation, Beringia
Le cycle hydrosocial et la fluoration de l'eau : la production des eaux fluorées

Artificial water fluoridation is a method used as a way of preventing tooth decay. It is a water treatment that consists in adjusting the fluoride concentration in water to a “optimal” level in order for it to work in preventing tooth decay. Water fluoridation has been subject to social debate since the early 50’s. The theory of the hydrosocial cycle brings us to think about the ways water and society are mutually defined and redefined by one another in time and space. This theory allows us to study the subject of water fluoridation with a new perspective. There are few works in social sciences that are about water fluoridation, a subject which is generally approached by a health science point of view. We are proposing to describe the production process of fluoridated waters in a hydrosocial context. This research is organized in four chapters. First, we start by introducing the reader to the theory of the hydrosocial cycle by presenting the literature on the matter. Next, we put into context the practice of water fluoridation by first presenting the current state of affairs in regards to water fluoration programs across the world, and second by presenting the technical aspects of water fluoridation. After the reader has been presented with the general themes covered by the subject of water fluoridation, we propose to rebuild a hydrosocial of fluoridation. This story allows us to bring forward the hydrosocial relations from which stems the production process of fluoridated waters. The hydrosocial history of fluoridation includes a contemporary historical phase in which we introduce some key ideas about the opposition to artificial water fluoration. Furthermore, we try to illustrate some of the hydrosocial principles of fluoridation that are representative of the contemporary narratives by doing an iconographic analysis of images on the subject of fluoridation. Finally, we discuss about the implications of the hydrosocial cycle theory on the study of the fluoridation problem.

Keyphrases: Hydrosocial cycle, Water fluoridation, History of fluoridation, Fluoridated water, Fluoride
Hydroxyamidinates et polymères de coordination : suspicions et valences mixtes

In a context where energy supply represents a major challenge for countries and organizations with emerging and developed economies, the search for new renewable resources and the democratization of energy vectors allowing sustainable worldwide supply is a responsibility for the international scientific community. Besides, it would be essential that the many disciplines of chemistry concerted their efforts. In particular, the growth of research in coordination chemistry oriented toward artificial photosynthesis and the development of functional materials demonstrates the undeniable importance of this field of research. The first part of the work presents different synthetic routes to hydroxyamidines, a chelating ligand with promising properties and receiving very little attention from the scientific community. Secondly, we present the development of a strategy of assembly of their supramolecular complexes involving abundant and cheap first row transition metal. Thirdly, we will discuss the investigation of their photophysical and electrochemical properties for their purposes in functional materials applications. To do this, the different synthesis routes of hydroxyamidines and their corresponding amidines which have previously been studied by other members of the group will first be improved then investigated to determine their versatility. Next, the complexing properties of the resulting amox having selected patterns will be determined to finally study the photophysical and electrochemical properties of a series of first row transition metal complexes. In sum, the various designs offered by amox and the bis-amox complexes are studied and the properties of the resulting architectures of their self-assemblies are determined.

Keyphrases: Hydroxyamidine, Amidine, Ligand bidentate, Ligand pontant, Ligand bis-bidentate, PPSE, m-CPBA, N,O ligand, Nickel, Cobalt, Classification Robin-Day, Ligand innocent, Ligand synthesis, Bidentate ligand, Bridging ligand, Bis-bidentate ligand, Coordination polymer, Electron transfer, Photophysic, Electrochemistry, Density Functional Theory, Robin-Day classification, Innocent ligand, Mixed valence
Conception, synthèse et activité anticancéreuse d’analogues basés sur la molécule FTY720 (Gilenya)

FTY720 (also known as Fingolimod, or Gilenya) functions as an immunosuppressant due to its effect on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. FTY720 also exhibits anticancer activity in a number of cancer cell lines. This result is independent of its effects on S1P receptors and due instead, to its ability to induce nutrient transporter down-regulation. However, FTY 720 cannot be used in human patients due to bradycardia that occurs secondary to the activation of S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. Our group focused on the design and synthesis of constrained FTY720 analogues that do not activate S1P receptors and also have the potential to be safely used in humans due to their potent antiproliferative activity against selected cancer cell lines. Although we know that our analogues, like FTY 720, act as nutrient transporter down-regulators, the proteins involved in the process are not known. We are developing a wide variety of Photo-Cross-Linking Probes to hopefully isolate one or more proteins that may be involved in one of the pathways.

Keyphrases: FTY720, pyrrolidine, Gilenya, sphingosine kinase, Leukemia, chiron approach, apoptosis
Caractéristiques communes, facteurs de risque et facteurs de protection chez les adolescents auteurs d’abus sexuels

From a developmental criminology perspective, this research aims to examine, through the case study of three teenager sexual abusers, the risk and protective factors related to the onset of delinquency among young sex offenders, to obtain an overall picture of their criminal career and also determine the impact of the DASH-13’s protective factors on the risk of re-offense and the clinical contribution of these factors.  A thorough clinical assessment methodology of cases, inspired by the qualitative approach, has being used to collect data on risk and protective factors associated with the onset of sexual and overall delinquency among young sex offenders.  In addition, participants were assessed using the ERASOR and the DASH-13 in semi-structured interviews to gather data on risk and protective factors associated with risk of sexual recidivism.   The main results showed that protective factors can attenuate the negative influence of risk factors on onset of delinquency if the protection force is high. Data analysis in this study led to other conclusions and to a discussion of the clinical implications of our findings.

Keyphrases: ERASOR, DASH-13, Teenagers, Sexual abuse, Risk factors, Protective factors, Onset, Risk of re-offending
L’environnement intérieur et l’autisme : un Centre de jour pour adultes

This thesis presents and discusses an important issue that is part of a current context, both international and local level, since it affects 1 child in 68 (CDC, 2010). We are talking about the Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). More specifically, this research focuses on young autistic adults who suddenly find themselves facing a lack of services. It suggests that an adequate adaptation of the environment should be explored in order to provide adapted day Centers to this clientele. The question of the research is the following: What are the elements of interior design that can improve the quality of life of autistic adults? It is essential to linger over it, since ASD people are characterized by hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity to the environment. Even if the subject of autism is richly documented by medical science, it appeared that it is less studied by the interior architecture domain.  The methodological strategy of this research is based on analysis of precedents, participant observation and the conducting semi-structured interviews with parents of autistic people. This study aims simultaneously to improve the understanding of the emerging practice of design as an intervention and the identification of factors (lightings, colors, materials, spatial organization) that could improve the wellbeing of autistics adults. Based on the data collected, it was noticed that, indeed, several means can be undertaken to design environments improving the well-being of adults. The results extracted from the field study lead us to clear layout proposals: making the abstract as concrete as possible, develop areas of social withdrawal, offer a variety of atmospheres, and finally provide a safe environment.

Keyphrases: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Adults with ASD, Adapted environments, Elements of interior design, Environmental psychology
Compte rendu critique du livre Voir son steak comme un animal mort, de Martin Gibert

This critical review provides, first, a step-by-step synthesis of the arguments presented in each chapter of Martin Gibert’s bookVoir son steak comme un animal mort (Seeing your steak as a dead animal). Second, a critical perspective of the book and a personal reflection are presented.

Keyphrases: psychologie morale, veganism, animal ethics, environmental ethics, moral psychology, political philosophy, carnism, speciesism
Fondements épistémologiques et préceptes esthétiques de la théorie de la traduction d’Haroldo de Campos : l’apport de Max Bense

Ten years after the death of Haroldo de Campos (1929-2003), we are still waiting for the publication of a comprehensive study on Haroldo de Campos’ theory of translation. In this thesis, we examine Haroldo de Campos’ early assertion, made in 1959, to the effect that the German philosopher Max Bense has had a paramount influence on his own theory of translation. We are trying to validate this assertion. In other words, our main concern is to locate in Haroldo de Campos’ texts when and how he was exposed to Max Bense’s ideas. At the end of our investigation, we have found that Haroldo’s de Campos theoretical texts are insufficient to explain how and when Haroldo de Campos came in touch with Bense’s ideas.

Keyphrases: Haroldo de Campos, Max Bense, paideuma, Gomringer
Modélisation incrémentale par méthode bayésienne

Uplift modelling is a statistical method initially developed in marketing. It has two groups (a control group and a treatment group) that are compared using a binary response variable (the response can be « yes » or « no »). The goal of this model is to detect the treatment e ect on prospects. This e ect can be either negative, null or positive. It depends on characteristics of each individual in each group.  The purpose of this master thesis is to compare the Bayesian point of view with the frequentist one on uplift modelling. The uplift models used in this thesis are Lo model (2002) and Lai model (2004). Both of them are originally modeled using the frequentist point of view. Therefore, the Bayesian approach is modeled and compared to the frequentist one. Simulations are done on generated data from logistic regressions. Then regression parameters are estimated with Monte- Carlo simulations for Bayesian approach. They are then compared to parameter estimations from the frequentist approach. Parameter estimations have direct influences on the ability of the modelling to predict treatment e ect on individual. Three priors are considered for the Bayesian estimation of the parameters. These densities are chosen such that they are non-informative. They are the following : transformed beta, Cauchy and normal.  In the course of the study, we will notice the Bayesian method has a real positive impact on targeting individual from the small size sample.

Keyphrases: Simulation Monte-Carlo, Marketing direct, Uplift modelling, Monte-Carlo simulation, Bayesian logistic regression, A priori density, Targeting, Direct marketing
Transfert de connaissances et politiques publiques : le cas de la politique de gratuité des soins au Niger

In Niger, the maternal mortality rate is estimated at 535 deaths per 100,000 live births (INS, 2013) and the probability that a newborn will die before the age of one month is 33 ‰. Since 2006, Niger has implemented a policy of free healthcare for pregnant women and for children from 0-5 years old, which has contributed to a significant improvement in attendance at healthcare centers. In March 2012, a deliberative process was held during a three-day conference to discuss the achievements, limits and prospects of the new policy with 160 participants including researchers, humanitarian and policy makers along with other stakeholders on the ground. The objective of this research is to understand the effects of this conference and to explore the activities of the Monitoring Committee of the roadmap. The research was conducted in summer 2014 during two months in Niamey and N'guiguimi. It was based on the Boyko et al., (2012) conceptual framework which describes the main characteristics and the expected effects of deliberative dialogues and explains how deliberative dialogues can contribute to policy development based on evidence data. We put particular emphasis on the three forms of knowledge use presented by Dagenais et al, (2013): Instrumental, conceptual and persuasive. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 stakeholders involved in the implementation of the recommendations. They were recorded, transcribed in full and treated with QDA Miner software. The results of the analysis of the data reveal an instrumental use of the recommendations which is more observed among the International NGO than at the level of decision-makers and civil society actors. Also, it follows from this analysis a conceptual and persuasive use of the recommendations at a lower degree among all stakeholders. The Monitoring Committee of the road map of the conference has hardly functioned. Therefore, the process has not had the desired impact. The main reasons for this failure are related to the context of implementation of the recommendations (arrest of several key officials of the committee because of the misuse of GAVI funds and lack of technical and political will) and / or the financial conditions (absence of premiums for committee members and operating budget). The results obtained have allowed us to understand the enormous challenges (contextual, especially financial) that remain in the vi transfer of knowledge in the public health sector in Niger. In the light of the finding it is necessary to accelerate the revitalization of the monitoring committee by equipping it with an operating fund, by setting up an autonomous free healthcare management agency for the policy of free healthcare; and strengthen political support around the Health Solidarity Sahel Initiative.

Keyphrases: Deliberative process, Conference, Free health care, Public health, Public policy, Knowledge use
Le cognitive enhancement en milieu universitaire : entre souffrance psychique individuelle, culture de performance et insécurités sociales

This master’s thesis assesses the underlying dynamics in the cognitive enhancement phenomenon observed in Western contemporary universities and the social context in which it emerges. Detaching our perspective from the analysis of healthcare and law fields of study as well as from the usual quantitative, clinical, atheoretical and over all moralizing approach, we aimed to explore the use of psychotropic substances in humanities and social science students, to better understand the rationales behind those behaviours and to situate them in their broader context. Thirteen humanities and social science students were interviewed regarding their past or present use of psychotropics as cognitive enhancers in academia. Results suggest a gap between their practices and those of the healthcare and law students, in that a wider variety of psychotropics are used as enhancers ; it also shows that the use of cognitive enhancers parts from the medical logic as well as that of addiction. First, the students’ practices are often oriented by an existential disorientation and it seems that their resort to psychotropics assists a quest for control, understanding and stability in themselves and in a world perceived as perpetually unstable. Furthermore, those practices serve a wish to satisfy a range of uncertain and threatening conditions related to external demands as apprehended, more than to treat any medical condition regarding cognition. We believe that the underlying rationales behind the humanities and social science university students use of psychotropics fit into the performance oriented contemporary discourse and injunctions in the sense that their individual suffering exposes the limits of what society expects from them.

Keyphrases: Risque, Neuroenhancement, University, Cognitive performance, Risk, Labour market
Valeur pronostique de CD73 et des lymphocytes T CD8 et optimisation de la vaccination de
type GVAX dans le cancer de la prostate

The ectoenzyme CD73 has been associated with suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Its prognostic and therapeutic values have been highlighted in many types of cancer. The first hypothesis of this project is that tumor CD73 expression predicts the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. CD73 expression was determined by immunofluorescence in tumor tissues. Univariates and multivariates analysis were conducted to determine if CD73 expression could predict patients' biochemical recurrence. We determined that CD73 predicts independently the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Moreover, we determined that CD73 expression in normal adjacent tissue or in the tumor predicts differently the occurrence of biochemical recurrence. The second hypothesis is that CD73 blockade enhances the efficacy of a therapeutic vaccine against prostate cancer. The GVAX-like vaccine was studied in CD73KO mice or in combination with an antibody against CD73. We observed that the vaccine was more efficient in mice where CD73 was absent. However, the combination with the anti-CD73 did not enhances the efficacy of the vaccine.

Keyphrases: CD73, GVAX, Lymphocyte T, Vaccin, Adenosine, Immuno-oncology, Immunotherapy, Mice, Prostate cancer, T lymphocyte, Vaccine
Désensibilisation morale et légitimation de l'intimidation entre pairs au secondaire

This doctoral thesis, presented as four scientific articles, is a correlational study about moral reasoning and the legitimization of school bullying in third-year high school students. The primary objective was to investigate the contribution of moral disinhibition to the bullying incident roles adopted by teenagers. The secondary objective was to investigate the relative importance given to moral, conventional, and personal standards of conduct in students involved in bullying incidents. The first article acknowledges the problem that is the legitimization of bullying conducts by school communities and exposes related normative beliefs and school environment characteristics. It mainly discusses the gap between the vocal opposition to bullying conducts shown by most students and the occurrence of bullying incidents in schools. This completes a section exposing the consequences associated with bullying. The second article reviews recent literature about moral reasoning and its link to bulling incident roles. It also gives an explanation of bullying conducts from the viewpoints of the social domains theory and of the sociocognitive theory of moral agentivity. These theoretical paradigms were used in operationalizing the concept of moral disinhibition in order to meet study goals. The third article reports on the methodology used in order to verify the hypothesis of a positive relation between bullying conducts and acceptability of hypothetical bullying incidents, as well as the hypothesis of a positive relation between bullying conducts and moral disengagement in involved adolescents. The forth article reports on the methodology used in the investigation of sociomoral justifications from adolescents adopting different bullying incident roles in order to ascertain the relation between their conduct and the social domains from which stem their justifications. Results are discussed as to show the contribution of each approach to the explanation of bullying incident roles and the moral reasoning characteristics related to each role. Intervention guidelines are proposed as well. This doctoral thesis concludes that only moral disengagement mean scores, which work as a global indication of antisocial normative beliefs, explain bullying incident roles beyond participants’ gender. Sociomoral reasoning is better suited to understanding how bullying incidents’ characteristics promote moral disinhibition. Actively defending bullied peers wad linked to more uniform moral reasoning. On the other hand, bullying and pro-bullying conducts were linked to moral subordination in favor of conventional standards of conduct, and passive bystanding was linked to moral subordination in favor of personal standards of conducts.

Keyphrases: adolescence, moral disinhibition, school bullying, moral disinhibition, sociomoral reasoning, moral disengagement, bullying incident participant role