NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Inventaire pendant liquidation : expériences du temps dans les écritures au féminin au Québec 1970-1990

This thesis posits that the movement called writing in the feminine in Quebec, active from the seventies to the nineties, reflects a singular experience of time. I study works that examine on how literature articulate, if not implement, a transformation or even potential evacuation of patriarchal time. In establishing a paradigm shift in time, this thesis shows, nevertheless, how writing in the feminine inherits parameters, that is to say, particular histories and forms from which the authors wish to detach. Thus, as I examine different themes and formal practices in texts published in journals, books and in films, I am invested in this tension between rupture and recuperation. The first chapter focuses on philosophical and literary texts that interrogate the relationship between gender and politics. It shows how writing in the feminine is inextricably linked to a discourse on literature itself and the realities it engenders. The second chapter studies the works of Nicole Brossard and Louky Bersianik, in which I analyze memory as a place for the renewal of knowledge. The third chapter is devoted to Denise Boucher's Cyprine (1978) and Carole Massé's Dieu (1979), more precisely, to the motif of the rupture of the face to patriarchal time. The construction of a literary history for women in the literary journal La Barre du jour/La Nouvelle barre du jour (1965-1990) is the subject of the fourth chapter. Finally, the fifth chapter looks at ways of constructing a feminine temporality in texts signed by several authors: Retailles (1977), by Madeleine Gagnon and Denise Boucher and La théorie, un dimanche (1988), by Louky Bersianik, Nicole Brossard, Louise Cotnoir, Louise Dupré, Gail Scott and France Théoret. Instilling the feminine into the androcentric narrative of history, this thesis showcases a literary practice that is conscious of itself and its processes, ultimately valuing formal exploration as a political practice.

Keyphrases: XXe siècle, women literature, feminism, history, memory, time, Quebec’s literature, literary journal, 20th century
Figures de la résistance : les Amazones modernes, de la Belle Époque à aujourd’hui

Since the end of the 19th century, we have witnessed the strong comeback of the myth of the Amazons in French literature and visual arts. In every era that sees its resurgence, the emancipated female warriors’ community arouses as much fascination as terror. Dissident figures appearing, between 1870 and today, as athletes, horse riders, career women (authors, teachers, doctors, lawyers…), feminist activists, revolutionary lesbians, and futuristic warriors, the Amazons are distinguished by the way they fend off a heteronormative vision of femininity and masculinity.  The reinvestment of the Amazonian myth since the Belle Époque translates a desire for freedom from a social system based on an antagonistic thinking of strength and weakness, body and mind, individual and community, male and female. The myth(olog)ical warriors seem to crystallize various attempts to oppose the commonplaces of conventional femininity to identification figures who break with norms and social expectations. However, in perpetual resistance to gender categorization, the Amazons and their avatars choose not to endorse either the feminine or the masculine, opting for an equivocal identity, presenting themselves as a queer subject whose mission is to expose the pseudo-nature of the binary conception of gender. Through their fight for the dissolving of identity boundaries, these resistance figures try, and sometimes fail, to build a community open to differences and to be empowered by this sororal union. The opposition and the difficulties encountered on the path of conquest, marked by sacrificial acts, force the modern Amazons to reinvent their weapons and sometimes lead them to question the legacy of the troubling and fascinating ancient female warriors.

Keyphrases: sacrifice, théories queer, reconfiguration, Amazons, identity, community, empowerment, sacrifice, resistance, myth, femininity, gender studies, queer theories, reconfiguration, modern French literature, contemporary French literature, visual arts
The anatomy of silence : decolonizing the female body in rape narratives

Language is partially to blame for the perpetuation of sexual violence. While feminist theory would seem the natural ally to this study, the binary relationship foregrounded in feminist trauma theory—in renaming the rape victim as rape survivor, for example—has been kept her oppression more or less intact. My approach is to move away from the strict framework of feminist theory so as to fully understand sexual violence and its place in history as well as its impact on a woman who has experience the crime. In drawing upon theories of (de)colonization to analyze rape narratives, I find parallels in both oppressive acts as well is in modes of emancipation. The potential here is to establish a new methodology that will enable to reframe literary analysis, and to decolonize the “real-world” politics, language, and pedagogy of rape, that is, to show the impact of deleting, overlooking or neglecting rape as a central, structural sociopolitical problem. The Corpus of this dissertation consists of four literary narratives, two of which are (semi)-autobiographical: Cereus Blooms at Night, by Shani Mootoo; Memories of the Future, by Siri Hustvedt; The Apology, by Eve Ensler; and, In My Own Moccasins: A Memoir of Resilience, by Helen Knott.

Keyphrases: Sexual Violence, Decolonizing, Colonization, Coloniality of gender, Coloniality of rape culture, Silence, Maria Lugones, Memoir, Fiction
Sexe, drogue et quête de sens : leçon d'économie politique d'une liminalité en contexte touristique costaricain

Within the field of criminology, the ecological perspective argues for an implicit notion of spatiality, one which reduces the physical environment to nothing more than a basic geographical site, thereby excluding the power relationships, as well as the social and cultural dynamics, or values- and meaning-based dynamics, conveyed therein. As such, this study investigates the importance of geographical space in criminology. By employing the concept of liminality, defined as a symbolic space-time, this thesis also specifically studies the role space plays in the (re)production of both illegalisms and playful deviance, their respective regulation, as well as in the production of knowledge. In order to shed light on the liminality concept, this thesis draws on a five-and-a-half-month-long ethnography, carried out in two Costa Rican beach towns. It also illustrates how the tourism industry’s neoliberal practices produce a liminal space that caters to quests for the exoticism, and especially the hedonism and authenticity, sought by tourists seeking to escape the confines of their everyday lives. While a segment of the scientific literature views liminality as a space where everyday norms are suspended, this thesis instead suggests that tourists adhere to norms already present in such spaces, ones specifically based on an aggressive form of hedonism, which in turn result in “out of the ordinary” alcohol and drug consumption, as well as sexuality, on the part of tourists. In adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this study initially employs cultural geography’s notion of space. This conception of space, which employs an idealist-materialist dialectic, also allows for the adoption of an analytical perspective based on the concept of uneven development. It also makes it possible to understand not only why certain places, regions, and countries are recognized as being so-called liminal spaces, but also how the practices of a capitalist economy push them to rely on an image of liminality in order to survive and operate within the market economy. In additionally taking inspiration from social anthropology, this thesis views the touristic experience as a rite of passage, while also proposing that tourists are subjected to a symbolic device, which leads them to perform a site-specific tourist identity. This performance, given concrete form by the consumption of transgressions, results in the (re)production of the liminal space. The thesis also shows that this symbolic device is a regulating mechanism in regard to conducts, but additionally to bodies. Lastly, the thesis illustrates the ways in which the research field is also a liminality for researchers, one which affects them, as well as the knowledge produced therein.

Keyphrases: Liminality, Space, Playful deviance, Sexuality, construction of identity, Tourism, Governance, Bodies, the Market Economy, Uneven development
Trust and exchange : the production of trust in illicit online drug markets

During the last decade illicit online drug markets have grown from niche markets into full-fledged platform economies. It seems that over the course of a few years,  sellers and buyers have left the social bases of trust behind preferring to exchange under conditions of social atomization and anonymity. Situated in an emerging economic sociological approach to illicit markets, this work examines the production of trust in illicit online drug markets.    Drawing on economic sociology, namely, the notion of institutions as social constructions, I advance the thesis that these markets modernize the premodern exchange modes of traditional illicit markets: Contracts are implemented; courts are erected; sanctions are formalized; and governance transforms. This analysis reveals a fundamental schism in the literature and its assumptions about the social order of illicit online markets. Specifically, a conception of these markets as socially atomized and governed only by reputation, versus the recognition that servers remain under the control of administrators.   Building off the modernization thesis and the schism, I propose a model for the production of trust that is sensitive to both cognitive and behavioral approaches to trust. First, I propose that a set of active trust producing mechanisms functionally replace the bases of trust that have eroded as illicit markets move online. Second, I argue that trust is primarily produced through a Bayesian process of accumulating experience, which produces both interpersonal and abstract trust.   In the article Uncertainty and Risk I examine the first component, the active production of trust. I revisit a key debate in the literature, the pricing of illicit goods. We find that sellers set prices adjust prices not only with respect to reputation, but also contracts and status. In the following two articles, I examine the second part of the model, the bayesian process of experience accumulation. In the article Building a Case for Trust, I find that repeated exchanges with a seller are associated with a propensity towards larger transactions. In the third article, A Change of Expectations?, I find that even a few experiences increases expectations in the performance of the market institution. Thus, the two articles provide evidence that the process of experience accumulation promotes cooperation and expectation.   I conclude the work by reconciling a tension between the two components of the model, the proposition that markets are modernized, but that trust is produced primarily through a process of experience accumulation. On this basis, I continue to highlight the contributions and analytical advantages of the economic sociological approach to illicit markets.

Keyphrases: trust, economic sociology, illicit markets, cryptomarkets, drug markets
Espace social, matérialité et expansion capitaliste dans le Nord du Chili : les camps miniers du soufre, Ollagüe, XXe siècle

In Chile, the modernization process, which led to the expansion of capitalism and industrialization at the beginning of the twentieth century, had profound economic and social repercussions. However, the material culture associated with modern mining industries and their influence on indigenous societies suffers from a lack of archaeological studies. This dissertation focuses on twentieth century sulphur mining in the Quechua indigenous community of Ollagüe, located in the Antofagasta region of northern Chile. From the end of the nineteenth century, after the Chilean war against Peru and Bolivia (1879-1883), the region began a long process of capitalist expansion linked to various extractive mining activities. The mining camps, as new centers of work, generated a significant demand for products, services and labor, leading to a vast migration process and an increase in population. Studding the Andean landscape of Ollagüe, at 4,000 meters of altitude, the ruins of sulphur mining bear witness to the impacts of industrialization and capitalist expansion in the region. This dissertation examines the socio-cultural transformations generated by industrial mining in the local community through the study of three abandoned sulphur mining camps, Buenaventura, Station Puquios and Santa Cecilia. The vestiges of social spaces and material culture allow me to explore the identity of the mining workers and their families, as well as their living and working conditions on the heights of the volcanoes. Highlighting the specificities of Chile's modernization and capitalist expansion, this dissertation addresses industrial materiality in terms of continuity, fragmentation, and rupture. It aims to make visible and to valorize the modern material culture associated with the mining industries of the twentieth century. I argue that the process of modernization, industrial ruins and materiality of the recent past have generated spaces of memory that today are intertwined with the contemporary concerns of the local indigenous community.

Keyphrases: Ollagüe, Historical archaeology, Industrial archaeology, Archaeology of the recent past, Mining, Sulphur, Modernization, Chile
Une analyse didactique de l'enseignement de la modélisation : le cas du modèle particulaire

The teaching of science has several deficiencies : deficiencies related to content, activities and to the nature of science itself. What about the teaching of science in Quebec in relation to those deficiencies? To answer those questions, we have equated the teaching of science with the teaching of modeling. Indeed, "doing science" essentially amounts to a modeling activity. Scientists spend most of their time building, testing, revising and using scientific models. It is important to emphasize that this activity allows, on one hand, to build scientific knowledge and, on the other hand, to understand the nature of science. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to analyze the teaching of modeling in Quebec in order to determine its weaknesses. To clarify this objective, we have chosen the particular case of the particle model, because it is fundamental to the material universe.  To achieve the objectives of this research, we proceed in three stages. In the first stage, we developed criteria for the teaching of modeling and the teaching of the particle model based on several research works carried out to improve the teaching of modeling. In the second stage, we described the teaching of modeling as presented in the training program and the teaching of the particular model as presented in the formal curriculum and with certain teachers. In the third stage, this description was analyzed taking into account the grids developed in the first stage, which made it possible to identify several weaknesses in the teaching of modeling and the teaching of the particle model.  Among these shortcomings, we noted the absence of construction of the models by the pupils and the absence of the principle of differentiation between reality and the model which explains it. These two deficiencies are also present in the case of the particle model. The pupils do not have to build it. Its use is nonexistent in the training program and in the progression of learning in the first cycle. It is also ambiguous in the manuals of the first cycle and partial in the second cycle. The activities associated with it are essentially activities of memorizing and understanding concepts. These activities, which are not modeling activities, do not really make it possible to “do science” or to understand the nature of models and the nature of science in general. Furthermore, the statements of the particle model are partial so that the particle model does not seem to be a central idea to which several concepts are linked. The latter are rather fragmented and disjointed. To remedy these shortcomings, several recommendations have been proposed.

Keyphrases: Science didactics, Modeling-based Teaching, Particle Model Teaching, Secondary School Teaching, Nature of Science
La rencontre de la médecine traditionnelle et de la médecine allopathique : analyse stratégique

Indigenous peoples in Canada and around the world are less healthy than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Traditional medicine, especially for Indigenous populations, offers an interesting avenue for improving their health and it can be implemented in public health programs. Through the notion of culture enshrined in traditional medicine, the latter can provide culturally appropriate care. Although many advantages are derived from such mixed care models, this combination has significant challenges. To date, it seems that health organizations have difficulty to properly engage these two-health approaches. The consideration of Indigenous knowledge and healing practices has begun, but it remains fragmented with discontinuous health services offered to the population. The general objective of this research is to understand and analyze the dynamics of interaction going among actors who involved in the implementation of a mixed care model of delivery of services that combines traditional and allopathic medicines. This multiple case qualitative research is conducted at two Indigenous communities in Quebec, Ilnu and Cree nations, with various characteristics. The data comes from individual interviews and knowledge transfer workshops with elders and healers, patients, health professionals and health administrators, as well as written documents and participant observations. The conceptual framework builds on the strategic analysis of Crozier and Friedberg (1977) and Abbott’s system of professions (1988). This research highlights the multiple dimensions that have an impact on a mixed care offer. These can, among other things, be related to culture such as the modes of transmission of knowledge, and to organizational, administrative, regulatory and even geographic contexts. In addition, understanding the challenges and strategies of the actors makes it possible to better understand both worlds. Our results show that, in the two cases under study, the combination of the two medicines is coordinated by the patient (patient coordinator model). But in one of the cases, the patient is more supported in his care trajectory. A better understanding of the dynamics of interaction between stakeholders makes it possible to have an impact on the delivery of mixed care improving the health of Indigenous people. This study has the potential to impact on the delivery of combined health care services, thereby improving prevention and health promotion for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. It supports the development of an alternative model of care, putting forward Indigenous traditional medicine. It encourages the reflection on the different factors involved in combining medicines.

Keyphrases: Nation Ilnue, Nation Crie, Traditional medicine, Indigenous medicine, Allopathic medicine, Indigenous communities, Ilnu nation, Cree nation, Quebec
Facial expressions of pain in cats : the development and validation of the Feline Grimace Scale

Pain assessment in cats is challenging due to a number of reasons, including their discrete nature and potential behavioral changes in unfamiliar and stressful situations, such as the veterinary environment. Different pain assessing instruments (i.e. pain scales) that rely on the observation of behaviors have been proposed for cats; however, the majority lack validity, reliability and/or generalizability testing. Additionally, the adherence to their use in clinical practice is low and warrants improvement. Simple, practical and reliable tools such as grimace scales (facial expression-based pain assessment instruments), have the potential of changing this scenario. They have been developed for several species, among which the cat was not included. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a novel facial expression-based instrument for acute pain assessment in cats, the Feline Grimace Scale (FGS) and to explore its applications and limitations. Our hypotheses were that the FGS would be able to accurately identify pain in cats (in different conditions such as naturally-occurring or spontaneous and postoperative pain); it would be valid and reliable (among different raters); it would be able to detect the response to analgesics; and its application in real-time in the clinical context would be feasible. The FGS was developed and validated using a comprehensive psychometric approach to detect acute pain in cats. It has demonstrated a high discriminative ability between painful and non-painful cats; it is capable of detecting the response to different analgesic drugs and it is strongly correlated with another pain scoring system. Furthermore, it demonstrated good inter- and intra-rater reliability, not only among veterinarians, but also among cat owners, veterinary students and nurses (technicians). Real-time scoring using the FGS was proven feasible. On the other hand, our results suggested that the rater gender may influence pain assessment, as female raters assigned higher scores than males. The FGS is a valid, reliable and practical tool potentially for both research and clinical use in real-time or using image assessment; that may be applicable in a wide range of painful conditions, by raters with different degree of expertise, and potentially at home (by cat owners). This represents a substantial progress in feline pain management, towards the highest standards in veterinary care.

Keyphrases: Grimace, Cats, Facial expression, Feline, Pain assessment, Pain management, Expressions faciales