NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La mobilisation pour l'amélioration des conditions de vie et de travail des migrants et migrantes au Japon : l'expérience d'un groupe de défense des droits

Although the Japanese government has historically been reluctant to establish an immigration policy to address the ageing of its population, an increasing number of migrants travel to Japan each year to work, sometimes under difficult conditions. While the Japanese government and the country's main trade unions are reportedly ignoring demands to improve their living and working conditions, many civil society organizations offer their support to migrant communities. In order to better understand how this contemporary social movement is organized, we conducted a case study within one such advocacy group in the Tokyo region, through participant observation and ten individual interviews. To analyze this collective action, we mobilize the conceptual framework developed by Benford and Snow (2000) around the "framing processes", the "repertoire of contention" and the "political opportunity structure" theorized by Tilly and Tarrow (2015) as well as the processes of building collective identities – identization – as proposed by Melucci (1996). Our analyses indicate that a central problem identified by the advocacy group is the lack of a national immigration policy. Two main solutions are therefore put forward, namely the adoption of such a policy by the Japanese government and the recognition of a multi-ethnic and multicultural society. However, several obstacles remain with regard to the call for collective action. In particular, our analyses help us understand how the main actions implemented by the organization have historically targeted the political world and may at times be ill-suited for Japanese civil society. In addition, we have seen that the structure of political opportunities, including immigration and labour legislation, facilitates and constrains collective action in different ways. Finally, the study of the construction of a collective identity has allowed us to better understand how migrant and foreign communities encounter a number of difficulties in their involvement in the movement, as they may not master the language or be part of the relevant social networks.

Keyphrases: Migration, Immigration, Japan, Migrant Labour, Foreign Labour, Migrant worker, Foreign worker, Social Movements, Collective Action
Exister entre deux cases : l’expérience de l'identité de genre non-binaire

In this master thesis, we aim to understand the experience of individuals who identify with non-binary gender identity through a sociological, constructivist and interactionist perspective. We position non-binary gender identity inside the binary gender system, thus to better understand the reality of these individuals with the use of the literature. This research links the concepts of "self-presentation" and "social support" in order to reach its goal. This qualitative work mobilizes six semi-directed interviews with people who self-identify as gender non-binary. An analysis of this issue reveals five main themes useful to understand the experience of non-binary people. The results show that gender identity is constructed through an identification process inevitably affected by binary gender norms, based on informational support and the presence of social representation. This identification makes it possible to answer a questioning generally present since childhood and is constructed through an opposition between an internalization of the binary gender system and a desire to criticize it. There are also individual variations in self-presentation, in terms of language and embodiment, despite a norm of androgyny associated with gender non-binarity. A self-presentation that is pleasant to the individual is linked to a feeling of well-being and would have an impact on one's relationship to the world. It is, in fact, influenced by the degree of perceived support and has a variety of objectives, this identity always being intrinsically political. In addition, the level of perceived social support varies across social circles, thus influencing proximity and comfort in relationships. Education and awareness of gender non-binarity are ultimately described as relevant to filling a gap in the general understanding of this identity, influencing the experience of non-binary people.

Keyphrases: Non-binary, Gender identity, Self-presentation, Non-binarity, Social support, Body, Language, Identification process, Social circles, Gender norms, Social interaction
Autonomie et pouvoir dans les pratiques d’intervention en santé mentale en milieux communautaires : perspectives d’intervenantes

This sociological study focuses on relational work of community mental health workers. The current context in which community mental health intervention occurs is characterized by a binding rule to empower the people they accompany. This leads us to seek to better understand how personal autonomy in mental health intervention unfolds in the context of specific situations that arise in community organizations. The thesis presents an exploratory and analytical study, based on an interactionist framework, and guided by two approaches. First, street-level-bureaucracy, which allows us to capture the strategies of relational workers in constraining organisational contexts; and second, the concept of “autonomy” defined as dynamic relational power in contexts of interaction. We analyzed how community mental health workers, on the one hand, exercise their discretionary power within their work milieu, and on the other hand, how they see their own autonomy and that of a person they were accompanying, in the context of a situated intervention. Our principal method of data collection, the explication interview, allowed us to delve deeply into the practices of community mental health workers, as they were invited to produce a detailed narrative of a specific intervention situation. These narratives were then integrated and reconstructed in the form of three textual data sets (contextual, narrative and reflexive) that were coded using both thematic and grounded theory procedures, and analysed transversely to produce insights into the situated autonomy of the community mental health workers, and their negotiated autonomy in the context of intervention interactions. We found that, from the perspective of the community mental health workers we interviewed, autonomy in the context of intervention has a bidirectional dynamic, in that the autonomy of the workers influences that of the people they accompany, but is also conditioned by the autonomy exercised by the people they are helping. There is none the less a hierarchical cascade that can be observed, in so far as the workers must justify their strategic intervention choices to the community organizations in which they work and to their colleagues, while the people they help must justify their choices to them.

Keyphrases: Intervention, Empowerment, Street-level bureaucracy, Autonomy, Community organization, Explicitation interview, Interactionism, Intervention practices, Mental health, Power dynamics
Cinq variations héroïques et sérieuses sur un air célèbre suivi de : destruction et construction romanesque : étude du double mouvement de la musique dans Moderato Cantabile de Marguerite Duras

In this work of research-creation, it is at the heart of my intentions to approach classical music by considering the dual movement that this topic can undergo in a literary text, as it serves both as destruction and composition within the novel structure. My creative writing project, Cinq variations héroïques et sérieuses sur un air célèbre, is envisioned as a caricature of the musical milieu from the perspective of a character who, through five delusional monologues integrating the principles of variation and repetition, paints a satirical portrait of classical musical, a genre with which we are unaccustomed. As a parallel to these variations and their bitter aftertaste, it appears interesting to, in my essay, Destruction and construction in the Novel: the dual movement of music in Moderato Cantabile by Marguerite Duras, study the involvement of music in this work and bring to the fore the importance of the principle of variation. Carrying a message of destructive connotations, music remains, however, essential in the construction of the novel and generates the advent of new codes of reading. Music is established both as a component of writing and the architecture of the work. I would like to bring to light the tensions that music builds in Durassian writing, in a spectre moving from the microscopic to the macroscopic, through an analysis of extracts revealing its involvement at multiple levels.

Keyphrases: variations, structure, Marguerite Duras, Creative writing, Music, Novel
Les relations entre frères et sœurs dans un contexte de recomposition familiale

This master thesis focuses on the construction process of relationships between adult full-, half- and step- siblings who previously lived in a stepfamily. This research originates from observations made from earlier studies on siblings: they focus mainly on full sibling relationships in non-divorced families, in which biological links are taken for granted in the definition of siblings. Conversely, the increase in stepfamilies, a phenomenon observed in most western countries and particularly in Quebec, suggests that siblings from different family backgrounds are prone to live together. This implies that their links extend beyond the biological framework. How does these full-, half- and step- sibling relationships differ from findings on studies of full siblings in adulthood? From these researches on adult full siblings, two concepts particularly stand out: time and memory. Drawing from these findings, we speculate that these concepts are most relevant when examining the establishment of relationships amongst full-, half- and step- siblings in adulthood. This exploratory study aims to understand the construct of adult full-, half- and step- sibling relationships over time and to identify the key moments in their life course which impacted their relationships. The methodology used was qualitative in nature and based on life stories. Therefore, we collected the life stories of fourteen participants who lived in a stepfamily during their childhood and/or adolescence. The analysis of their speeches highlights that the bonds established between brothers and sisters in stepfamilies are as important as the bonds existing in families where siblings are exclusively related by blood. However, we found that sibling relationships in stepfamilies go beyond their sharing of biological ties: it is more the time experienced in stepfamilies, a shared history and a shared memory which contribute to the configuration and maintenance or not of their relationships in adulthood. Even though the exploratory nature of this study clearly does not allow the generalisation of our findings, we believe that this research invites us to broaden our focus on sibling relationships, an understudied object in the sociology of family.

Keyphrases: germains, brother and sister, sibling, stepfamily, sibling relationship, full-sibling, half-sibling, stepsibling, memory, time
La revitalisation urbaine des quartiers défavorisés de l’Île de Montréal à travers le programme de revitalisation urbaine intégrée : une 
étude de cas de la démarche d’Hochelaga-Maisonneuve

Urban revitalization is a public policy which focuses on poor neighborhood and fights local poverty, social exclusion and degraded environments. The goal of this policy is to put the poor neighboorhoods on the same scale as the rest of the agglomeration. This type of intervention has varying degrees of success because there are a wide range of urban revitalization programs, including the one we will be talking about in this thesis. Integrated Urban Revitalization (RUI) is a program fighting territorial poverty which targets impoverished areas on the island of Montreal. This program has taken several actions throughout Montreal, and each of them operate on the same decentralized model of citizen participation, concertation and autonomy in order to fight poverty and exclusion via local initiatives. This dissertation proposes a questioning of RUI’s contribution on urban revitalization within the framework of procedures developed in the Hochelaga- Maisonneuve neighborhood of Montreal. There are many areas of interest in this study, specifically (1) the contrast between the transformation of this space and the extant values in the area, (2) the risks posed by the RUI program and its participation in the development of a gentrification program in spite of its original goals, (3) the role of the citizen participation in consultation, and (4) The contribution of the RUI program on urban revitalization in Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. The analysis of the RUI program is mainly based on interviews collected with members of a local revitalization committee and citizens of the neighborhood. Their discourses reveal a lack of consensus ascribed to the wide variety of actors, gaps in the process of participation and limited funding. Some citizens resent the lack of concrete actions taken against poverty. Overall, the initiative is praised by all participants, because while fighting economic dimensions of poverty, it allows for the improvement of living conditions and the ability to take action.

Keyphrases: Gentrification, Concertation, Capacités, Exclusion, Integrated urban revitalization, Poverty, Gentrification, Citizen participation, Social mix, Spatiality, Capacity
Femmes et usage de la force en droit international : analyse thématique féministe des résolutions "Femmes Paix et Sécurité".

The use of force in international law has greatly evolved since World War II. The use of force is now an exception, reduced within the strict framework established by the United Nations, and specifically under the control of the Security Council. And yet, the latest decades have witnessed old concepts coming back to life. Such as the « just war » and the « humanitarian intervention ». War no longer beeing acceptable means it has to be justified. The quore of those justifications are of humanitarian basis. It is in this context that the rethoric of the use of force to save women has developped. The Council’s «Women, Peace and Security » resolutions are found to be an interesting intersection for this subject. After presenting its historical context, the present regime on the use of force and its recent tensions will be highlighted. Concepts from different feminist school of thoughts will then be presented to provide a theorical framework for the analysis of the resolutions that will close this paper.

Keyphrases: Use of force, Women, Feminism, "Women Peace and Security" Resolutions, Thematic analysis
L'arbitrage intérimaire des différends dans le secteur de la construction : application et perspectives au Québec

This master thesis explores the possibility of introducing a compulsory interim arbitration mechanism for the resolution of disputes in the construction sector in Quebec civil law. As of today, such procedure is mainly used in common law jurisdictions for the rapid settlement of construction disputes. Construction is a sector that is particularly prone to litigation, mainly because of the technical aspects, the diversity and the number of actors as well as the sums involved, particularly in the context of major projects. Court proceedings can be long and tedious. These delays result in additional costs for the parties, not only for the procedure itself, but also for the extension of the project (wages, machinery, insurance, etc.). In response to these challenges, common law jurisdictions have developed an expeditious process to resolve disputes in real time and minimize their impact until final proceedings are completed. The aim is to prevent a dispute from escalating and eventually, paralyze the project itself and jeopardizes its realization. To our knowledge, no civil law jurisdiction provides for such a mechanism, although the challenges are a priori the same. We question the reasons for this absence. The new Code of Civil Procedure tends towards alternative dispute resolution and in this context, we are wondering about the possibility of incorporating a similar mechanism for the construction industry in Quebec. Finally, we will evaluate the adaptations that may be advised for the application of such a process, because of its common law, origins, in Quebec civil law.

Keyphrases: construction, Arbitration, Adjudication, Disputes, Alternative dispute resolution (ADR)
L’utilisation équitable existe-t-elle toujours ?

Until the Supreme Court of Canada decision CCH Canadian Ltd v Law Society of Upper Canada in 2004, the legal literature in Canada acknowledged two competing general exceptions to copyright: fair dealing, which exists especially in Commonwealth countries (including Canada), and fair use, an exception in the United States. While the former was seen as restrictive and conservative, the second was viewed as intending to be liberal and more concerned with user rights. Needless to say, some writers contested the legal status quo and wanted a liberal, even American, approach to fair dealing in Canada.  However, since the CCH decision and the copyright pentalogy of 2012, there has been a significant conceptual shift with regard to this dichotomy. Some authors describe a significant reduction in the differences between the two approaches, making the distinctions of little consequence. As such, we are led to ask the following question: given the contemporary Canadian jurisprudence, is there still a significant difference between fair dealing and fair use?  This dissertation is an analysis of the state of the law in 2019 for the purpose of answering this question. At the end of his examination of the issue, the author comes to the conclusion that even if the two regimes are more similar than ever, the differences between them are sufficiently important to not assimilate them into a single approach with minor variations.

Keyphrases: Fair dealing, Fair use, Copyright, Canadian copyright law, American copyright law, Intellectual property
Effets de l’Aspirine sur la fonction de l’axe CD40L/CD40 dans les plaquettes

Antiplatelet therapy with Aspirin (ASA) is less efficient in some coronary patients, which  increases their risk of developing thrombosis.  Elevated blood levels of thrombo-inflammatory  mediators, like sCD40L, may explain such variabilities. We hypothesized that in the presence of  elevated levels of sCD40L, the efficacy of ASA may be reduced. Accordingly, this study was  designed to determine the effects of ASA on sCD40L signalling and aggregation of platelets.   The effects of ASA on sCD40L-treated human platelets, in response to suboptimal  concentrations of collagen or thrombin, were assessed on aggregation, thromboxane A2 (TxA2)  secretion, and phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, NF-κB, TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK-1), and  myosin light chain (MLC). sCD40L significantly elevated TxA2 secretion in platelets, in response  to suboptimal doses of collagen and thrombin, which was reversed by ASA. ASA did not inhibit  phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, NF-κB, TAK-1, either with sCD40L stimulation alone or with  platelet agonists. However, sCD40L potentiated platelet aggregation, an effect completely  reversed and partially reduced by ASA in response to collagen and thrombin, respectively. The  effects of ASA in sCD40L-treated platelets with collagen were related to inhibition of platelet  shape change and MLC phosphorylation.   ASA does not affect platelet sCD40L signalling, but prevents its effect on TXA2 secretion  and platelet aggregation in response to collagen, via a mechanism implying inhibition of MLC.   Targeting sCD40L axis in platelets may have therapeutic potential in patients with elevated levels  of sCD40L that are none or less responding to ASA.

Keyphrases: ASA, CD40L, TxA2, Platelets, Signaling, Aggregation
Le sang intra-péricardique et sa contribution à la fibrillation auriculaire post-opératoire en chirurgie cardiaque : une cible potentielle pour la prophylaxie?

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common complication of cardiac surgery that is associated with increased morbidity and costs. Although numerous prophylactic measures have been evaluated, none have been universally implemented considering the risk of complications, contraindications and lack of evidence. The aim of this thesis is to examine the role of intrapericardial blood in the development of POAF after cardiac surgery and evaluate its potential as a target for prophylaxis.  For this thesis, a total of three studies were carried out. To begin, a literature review was conducted to elucidate the pathophysiological and clinical elements connecting the accumulation of shed blood within the pericardial sac to POAF. Afterwards, both a retrospective study with propensity score analysis and a randomized controlled trial were carried out to evaluate the incidence of POAF after implementing a universal postoperative chest drainage protocol using an active tube clearance (ATC) device, designed to prevent intraluminal clogging and improve drainage.  The first study concluded that the presence of intra-pericardial blood, through the activation of local and oxidative processes, is a perioperative factor triggering POAF in susceptible individuals. The second study identified the use of ATC as an independent protective factor against POAF. Finally, the last study demonstrated a 15% non-significant relative risk reduction of POAF associated with ATC.  In conclusion, an efficient pericardial drainage could reduce the incidence of POAF after cardiac surgery. However, the optimal strategy has yet to be determined.

Keyphrases: Cardiac surgery, Pericardial drainage, Atrial fibrillation, Mediastinal bleeding, Perioperative care, Postoperative morbidity
Masses kystiques latérales du cou : une analyse comparative des approches diagnostiques

Benign and malignant lateral cystic neck masses (LCNM) are difficult to distinguish clinically. The usefulness of imaging and sampling modalities in clarifying the diagnosis remains unclear. Retrospective review of cases between 2010 and 2016. Imaging data was reviewed and the variables pertaining to the mass were assessed including the following: size, nodal level, fat stranding, extracapsular spread, calcifications, vascularity, necrosis and standardized uptake value. Sampling reports of fine-needle aspiration (FNA), core-needle biopsy (CNB) and frozen section (FS) were also assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting malignancy were calculated for all variables and compared between benign and malignant cystic neck masses. Ultrasound was used in 47.2% and CT-Scan in 90.5% of patients. No variables on imaging could definitely differentiate benign from malignant LCNM. FNA had a lower sensitivity then CNB (59% vs 83%; p=0.036) and FS (59% vs 93%; p=0.01). FS had a better NPV when compared to FNA (92% vs 40%; p<0.001) and CNB (92% vs 50%; p=0.062). Specificities and PPV were similar among all groups. Clinicians cannot rely on imaging to differentiate benign from malignant LCNM. Given its adequate PPV (92%), FNA should be used initially on lateral cystic neck masses. Because of its high sensitivity, CNB should be considered if FNA is not diagnostic of malignancy. FS should always follow a CNB not indicative of malignancy, because of the low NPV. Any result diagnostic of malignancy on either FNA, CNB or FS strongly indicates presence of malignancy.

Keyphrases: Lateral cystic neck mass, Ultrasound, Computed tomography, Positron emission tomography, Fine-needle aspiration, Core-needle biopsy, Frozen section