NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Étude fonctionnelle du couplage chimiokine-estrogène dans les tissus reproducteurs

Estrogens are involved in development, growth, differentiation, reproduction, and pregnancy. The cellular effects of estrogens are mediated through its interaction with estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. The ERα and ERβ activation controls directly the transcription of target genes required to mediate the physiological effects of estrogen. The effect of estrogen may be mitogenic and becomes the cause of many diseases especially in tissues that have greater sensitivity to the hormone such as breast tissue, ovaries and uterus. Therefore, overexposure of these tissues to estrogen increases the risk of developing cancer. In a cell line that co-expresses both receptors, we identified the chemokine SDF-1 that interacts with the CXCR4 receptor and describes an autocrine / paracrine loop pathway between chemokines and estrogen. This control leads to an increase of the expression of proliferatives target genes in breast cancer. However, the exact mechanisms of this regulation remain unknown. To identify the exact target of this regulation at the genomic level, we have developed a cellular model to discriminate the respective role of ERα and ERβ level of transcriptional control of the loop chemokines.  Starting from an ER- cell line, we generated a cell system that expresses one or other of isoforms in addition to the mutant ERβ-S87A. We built the promoter CXCR4bLuc that we have tested in the generated cell lines. Using the CXCR4bLuc promoter construct, we have demonstrated a regulatory pathway of chemokine receptors by estrogen receptors. The membrane activation of CXCR4 by SDF-1 involves the direct activation of estrogen receptor ERβ by phosphorylation of serine 87. This phosphorylation leads to activate ERβ and promotes the expression of CXCR4 gene. The transcription of CXCR4 involves the binding of ERβ at an ERE binding element that we have identified in this work by the ChIP technical. Thus the identification of a precise ERE target regulation of chemokine receptors CXCR4 by estrogen receptor ERβ, is a promising approach to counter the pathologies associated with breast cancer and its metastases.

Keyphrases: Estrogen, Estrogen receptor, Breast cancer, Chemokine, SDF-1, CXCR4
Rôle du facteur de transcription BP1 dans la régulation des gènes du locus humain de beta-globine

The transcription factor BP1 is expressed in erythroid cells during fetal development but is downregulated at adult stage. In vitro previous studies revealed that BP1 acts as a repressor of adult β-globin gene expression but its function in ε and γ globin gene regulation has not been investigated so far. In our studies, BP1 functions analyses were proceeded in vivo at embryonic stage by using a transgenic mouse line overexpressing human BP1 in murine definitive erythroid cells. At protein level, human BP1 is expressed in E12.5 and E13.5 fetal erythroid cells of transgenic embryos. However, levels of human BP1 do not impair murine fetal definitive erythropoiesis : transgenic embryos are not anemic and survive during gestation. Overexpression of human BP1 impairs, nonetheless, endogenous level of the transcription factors Ikaros and SOX6 involved in β-globin gene regulation during murine fetal definitive erythropoiesis. In double transgenic mice expressing BP1 and human β-globin genes at embryonic day E12.5, β gene expression is reduced whereas ε- and γ-globin genes are not repressed. Measurements of β-globin gene expression in absence of Ikaros pinpoint the role of human BP1 in embryonic ε-globin gene activation. In E12.5 Ik-/- murine fetal erythroid cells, human BP1 highly increases EKLF and BCL11A transcription level and seems to derepress SOX6 expression which lead to γ silencing and β activation at E13.5. Since BP1 attenuates globin gene alterations caused by absence of Ikaros, we propose that BP1 and Ikaros are linked in transcriptional mechanisms of human β-globin genes.

Keyphrases: BP1, Transcription factor, Erythropoiesis, Beta-globine, Beta-globin, Ikaros
Promotion de l'activité physique des médecins omnipraticiens auprès de leurs patients

The rate of non communicable diseases is increasing in Québec. Regular physical activity(PA) can help preventing many of these diseases. However, a great proportion of the Québec population does not meet the PA recommendations to reap the health benefits. Several researches on the effectiveness of PA awareness and promotion interventions have shown that primary care physicians can positively influence the adoption and increase of PA in the population. To date, few studies have documented the PA counselling and promotion (PACP) of Québec primary care physicians to their patients, and more specifically, what are the PACP barriers and facilitators. The aim of the current study is to address this shortcoming in documenting the Quebec general practitioners’ PACP and examining to what extent their attitudes, perceptions, barriers, needs and sociodemographic characteristics influence their behavior. We used an anonymous questionnaire survey to draw a picture of the current situation. The convenience sample consisted of 701 completed questionnaires collected during continuing medical education sessions of the Fédération des médecins omnipraticiens du Québec. Results showed that two respondents out of five (40%) reported PACP to their patients in the context of primary care, while almost the majority (98%) of them considers that it is an integral part of their professional role. A multiple logistic regression analysis allowed the identification of the factors predominantly associated with physicians’ PACP. Physicians who are personally physically active on a regular basis, who have more than nine years of medical experience, who are less affected by work overload, and who feel to be effective in the PACP interventions are more likely to promote PA to their patients.

Keyphrases: Attitude, Family physician, Physical activity promotion, Primary care, Counseling
Vivre ou non dans les communautés des Premières Nations québécoises? Évaluation de l’impact des inégalités socioéconomiques sur le phénomène de migration des Indiens

This research shows the relationship between socioeconomics inequalities and migration of the Registered Indians in Quebec in 2006. We evaluate the contribution of social and educational inequalities, economic inequalities, regional inequalities and legal and political inequalities as the contribution of migration to achieve a higher income. The results obtains for the Registered Indians are compared to non-Aboriginals to see the specific situation of the Registered Indians. Logistic regressions are performed to evaluate the contribution of the individual and collective characteristics on non-recent and recent migration and on a 75e percentile income. The results show that sex, age and migration play a very little part in obtaining a higher income. Having minimally a high school diploma or having a full-time job greatly increase the chances. For Registered Indians, nation of belonging and residence area explain more of the variance in income. Furthermore, sex and age explain a very little part of migration recently or less recent. Migration, years of schooling and occupation explain a greater part of the migration of the Registered Indians and non-Aboriginals. Nation of belonging and residence area explains also more of the explained variance of migration.

Keyphrases: Migration, socioeconomics inequalities, Comparison between Registered Indians and non-Aboriginal, 2006 Canadian census, Logistic regression
Le développement durable et l’Amazonie brésilienne : la régulation publique est-elle suffisante?

Combining respect of the environment and the well-being of people living from natural resource exploitation in the Amazon is a concern meant to transform the politics of territorial exploitation. In this study, I show that the gains of economic development, the protection of the environment and the improvement of the quality of life of local populations are compatible objectives. However, tensions remain between the three pillars of sustainable development and there is a need for negotiation in order to reach equilibrium of costs and benefits of such development. In the Amazon, this negotiation process takes the form of a framework of development through government legislation. These laws clarify property rights and establish a management system of forest resources exploitation on public and private lands. By analysing two cases of forest resources exploitation, logging and acai berry extraction, I explain the reasons why local populations, whose main source of revenue is forest resources exploitation, are little integrated in the development process. Public regulations applied to logging tend to criminalize activities practiced by local populations without providing other alternatives to forest management plan compliance.  In the acai berry case, the coexistence of culture and extractive (harvesting) systems of production allows local populations to carry on with their traditional activities and the distribution of costs and benefits of development tends to be more equitable between the actors.

Keyphrases: Amazon, Brazil, Sustainable development, Property rights, Logging, Culture, Extractivism, Environment
From Reasonable Accommodation to Understanding: Reconsidering Diversity Management Practices in Quebec

In 2007 and in response to conflicts stemming from ethnic and religious difference, Quebec Premier Jean Charest established the Consultation Commission on Accommodation Practices Related to Cultural Differences. The Commission’s mandate was to take stock of accommodation practices in Quebec, analyse the issues, consult the population and formulate recommendations to the government to ensure accommodation practices’ congruence with the values of Quebec society. This mémoire will first argue that two factors, namely the evolution of the francophone majority population’s identity and changes to immigrants’ origins, contributed to Quebec’s malaise with diversity management and thus made the establishment of the Commission relevant. Second, through a review of the Commission’s methods, findings, recommendations and the Ministry of Immigration and Cultural communities’ response to the recommendations, it will be argued that while the Commission’s mandate was both pertinent and fulfilled, the government’s response was inadequate. Finally, it will be argued that while open secularism and interculturalism, diversity management methods proffered by the Commission’s report, are necessary components of diversity management, they espouse the political philosophies of neutralism and pluralism which respectively result in force and compromise. I will argue that Quebec can manage difference more effectively and achieve true reconciliation by embracing conversation, a patriotic approach to diversity management.

Keyphrases: Conversation, Consultation commission on accommodation practices related to cultural differences, Conversation, Diversity management, Interculturalism, Patriotism, Reasonable Accommodation, Secularism
Inuit ethnobotany and ethnoecology in Nunavik and Nunatsiavut, northeastern Canada

Unique habitats of the boreal-subarctic ecotone in northeastern Canada are being impacted by climate change. Combined with effects of globalization, changing environmental conditions are causing Inuit of this region to see significant strains on their traditional lifestyle and on the language and knowledge that go with it. This study compared two aspects of Inuit ethnobiology: we compared plant names and uses from two Inuit communities and examined what kinds of places or habitats Inuit recognize and name. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Nain, Nunatsiavut and Kangiqsualujjuaq, Nunavik, by showing interviewees (mostly Elders) plant specimens or photos of the region. Plants were used for food, tea, medicine, fuel, construction, cleaning, and other uses. Both communities used equal numbers of plants, with equivalent proportions of vascular/non-vascular taxa, growth forms, and species per use category. Forty-three species were reported in each community, for a total of 78 species from 39 families. Despite high overlap in species distributions, only half of all species were shared, reflecting community-specific bodies of traditional knowledge, or perhaps an overall decline in ethnobotanical knowledge use. The most frequently reported landscape features were topographical, hydrological, and ecological (i.e. plant associations and animal habitats). Some Inuit categories reflected their significance to traditional Inuit lifestyle (e.g. ‘berry-patch’, ‘seal-place’), aiding navigation and resource finding. Integrating Inuit conceptions of plants and landscape with those of contemporary science can improve our understanding of subarctic ecology, help involve local stakeholders in sustainable development discussions, and inform land-use planning, biodiversity conservation initiatives, and climate change adaptation strategies.

Keyphrases: ethnobotany, landscape ethnoecology, Inuit, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, Subarctic, boreal, medicinal plants, ecological classification, traditional knowledge
Les demandes du travail et l'épuisement émotionnel : l'influence de la qualité de la relation d'encadrement LMX

This paper will demonstrate the moderating effect of the LMX relationship on the connection between job demands and emotional exhaustion. First, we examined the LMX relationship and its various effects, especially on stress. Based on the theoretical foundations of Karasek’s workplace stress model (1979), we considered LMX as a resource that can mitigate the effects of job demands (conflict, overload and role ambiguity) on emotional exhaustion. To validate our model, we conducted a secondary analysis of data gathered in a prior study at the Université de Sherbrooke’s geriatrics institute in 1996.Descriptive analyses allowed us to validate two of our three main hypotheses to the effect that LMX functions as a moderator in the relationship between job demands and emotional exhaustion. The results showed that the better quality the LMX, the less significant the relationship between role conflict and emotional exhaustion and between role overload and emotional exhaustion. The results also showed, however, that the better quality the LMX, the greater the effect of role ambiguity on emotional exhaustion.

Keyphrases: LMX, Conflict, Overload, Ambiguity, Emotional exhaustion
La comorbidité de l'épuisement professionnel et de la consommation de substances psychoactives

The main objective of this master is to explore the concurrent associations between two phenomena related to stress, burnout and the use of psychoactive substance. Particularly, this research focuses on the three dimensions of burnout as defined by Maslach (1981), on two hazardous alcohol patterns consumption, binge drinking and weekly alcohol abuse, and on psychotropic drugs utilization. From a sample of 1809 workers issued from 83 workplaces in Quebec, typical profiles corresponding to different forms of comorbidity are identified with the use of latent class analysis.  Four typical profiles were identified. The first one referred to “healthy” individuals who presented the lowest scores for the three dimensions of burnout without misuse of any psychoactive substances. Two more groups corresponded to intermediate health risk forms of comorbidity patterns. The fourth one was composed of “fragile” workers, with the highest burnout scores and the highest probabilities for misusing alcohol and psychotropic drugs.  In addition, this research identified some risk and protective factors associated with each profiles. Multivariate analyses results corroborated most associations found in the occupational stress literature on organizational work conditions (model components of occupational stress developed by Karasek and Theorell (1990) and Siegrist (1996)), non-work determinants (marital status, parental status and household income), and on individual characteristics (age and gender). Low rewards and high overcommitment appeared as particularly significant risk factors for the intermediate and severe forms of comorbidity. Low skills utilization, low social support at work, high psychological demands and a young age explained to a lesser extent part of the variation observed between the comorbidity profiles. Results supported a three-dimensional conceptualization of burnout.

Keyphrases: burnout, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, professional inefficiency, alcohol, psychotropic drugs, comorbidity, latent class analysis, risk factors, protective factors
Étude longitudinale du lien entre la justice organisationnelle et le niveau d’engagement organisationnel chez les travailleurs du secteur des technologies de l’information et des communications

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the impact of organizational justice on the organizational commitment of workers in the Information Technology and Telecommunications (ITC) sectors. In order to investigate this subject, we have formulated three hypotheses based on the following three theories: 1- Adams’ theory of expectations (1965), 2- Blau’s social exchange theory (1964) and 3- Leventhal’s theory (1980). The first hypothesis states that distributive justice increases worker’s affective commitment. The second hypothesis stipulates that procedural justice increases worker’s affective commitment. The last hypothesis states that distributive justice has a stronger influence on worker’s affective commitment than procedural justice.  In order to test our hypotheses, we used data from an electronic-questionnaire. This questionnaire was addressed to all new hires of a global company in the ITC sector based in Montreal. Employees were surveyed at three separate occasions.  The findings of this study confirm one of the research hypotheses. Indeed, results show that distributive justice increases worker’s affective commitment. Results also demonstrate that there is no statistically significant relationship between procedural justice and affective commitment. Only distributive justice has an effect on workers’ affective commitment. Finally, results show the existence of a significant and positive relationship between three control variables and affective commitment. These are: 1- Supervised work experience, 2- Perceived organizational support and 3-Intrinsic satisfaction.

Keyphrases: Organizational commitment, Affective commitment, Organizational justice, Distributive justice, Procedural justice
L'influence de la culture organisationnelle sur l'épuisement professionnel ; étude comparative entre cols blancs et policiers d'un service de police urbain

This thesis is part of a vast study on mental health at work started by the Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale. It more specifically focus on the effect of organizational culture and some work concepts like abusive supervision, decisional latitude, skills utilisation, psychological demands, social support and work schedules on the incidence of burnout including its three specific dimensions. Previous studies were conducted on these factors with the exception of organizational culture. This thesis is based on a previous studies which have developed models to explain the incidence of burnout : the demand-control model proposed by Karasek et al. This study uses data collected in 2008 and 2009 from 384 policemen and white collar workers from the Montreal Police Service.  This thesis confirms some frequently observed results like the positive influence of abusive supervision and jobs demands on the incidence of burnout. There is also some variables such as decisional latitude and certain types of organizational cultures which are negatively related to the incidence of burnout.

Keyphrases: Burnout, Emotional exhaustion, Cynicism, Professional accomplishments, Organizational culture, Abusive supervision, Decisional latitude, Social support, Psychological demands
Contre le libertarianisme de droite : l’accès aux ressources pour une justice minimale

This paper is based on a crucial question of social justice: when does the private property stop to be morally legitimate? This paper will defend a universal right to have access to all the resources needed for the acquisition of a personal autonomy. Therefore, when the private properties of some people prevent others to gain a sufficient access to the resources they need, we have to institute a system of wealth redistribution in order to compensate the prejudice of loosing access to the resources. Furthermore, it is possible to substitute the right to resources by a group of basic opportunities, such as an education system accessible without indebtedness. Since the basic opportunities grant an access to personal autonomy, people do not need to have access to resources anymore. Therefore, private properties are legitimate if and only if there is a system of wealth redistribution ensuring that everyone has an access to the basic opportunities. In this paper, every conclusion concerning the wealth redistribution is bound to minimal justice. In other words, if a society fails to grand access to the basic opportunities, this society is necessarily unjust. To ensure that ours conclusions are bound to minimal justice, we will also demonstrate their consistency with right libertarianism. Although, every conclusion concerning basic opportunities come from the no harm principle and the full self-ownership, the two basis of right libertarianism.

Keyphrases: Justice, Philosophy, Full self-property, Wealth redistribution, Private property
Le statut de la liberté dans l’existentialisme, par-delà la théorie critique

n Sartre’s existentialist philosophy existence precedes essence. This means that it is the life being lived that defines man, and not an abstract essence that precedes him. The essence of human life is thus not reachable with a philosophy that would want to posit an essence that transcends human reality. Sartre considers this attempt to establish an essence vain. Man is not simply, but rather has to be. Sartre sees in this the only true possibility for liberty: liberty is precisely the nothingness that is at the heart of man and compels the human reality to make itself instead of just being. This notion of absolute liberty for man is a strong one and has indeed been criticized. Among critics, Sartre met with the disapproval of the thinkers of Frankfurt School. They accused him of not seeing the specific determinations that the historical, social and material world imposes on man. His notion of liberty dissociates the horizon of possibilities from the processes that establish them, which make him tacitly encourage the status quo, because he prevents liberty from being used as a criterion to criticize the existing domination.     Is an existentialist philosophy still possible beyond this critic? Can the belief in the absurd nature of human life and in the necessity of making oneself to give sense to existence still hold without postulating absolute liberty? Or must liberty necessarily be circumscribed by a critical social theory, without which existentialism will clandestinely encourage the status quo?

Keyphrases: Sartre, Marcuse, freedom, liberty, determinism, Marxism, Existentialism, critical theory, Frankfurt School