NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Profil nutritionnel d’adultes obèses souffrants d’insuffisance rénale chronique en évaluation ou en attente de greffe rénale

Problematic. The Kidney Foundation of Canada argues that in 2013, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) was around 10% and it touched a considerable proportion of people suffering from obesity. It should be reasonable to consider moderate weight loss in these patients. Despite this, no nutritional recommendation is specifically built to meet the dietary restrictions related to CKD, while allowing an energy deficit. Objectives. The objective of this project is to establish the nutritional profile of the population of obese renal failure patients, while identifying the risk factors associated with weight loss before renal transplantation. Methodology. 45 patients identified during the evaluation process or who were awaiting a kidney transplant and recruited from the kidney transplant clinic of the Maisonneuve-Rosemont hospital. Their medical and nutritional profiles were evaluated by questionnaires filled during a short interview (biochemical profile, vital signs, medical history, socio-demograpic data, anthropometry, food habits). Finally, a four-day food diary, accompanied with pictures if feasible, were used to compare to the nutritional guidelines, depending on the stage of renal disease and ongoing treatment. Results. Weight loss is difficult and limited in obese people with CKD, despite achieving targets estimated calorie and their high level of motivation. Discussion. A sedentary lifestyle (46,7%, actives ˂ 1 hr/ jr) and inadequate nutritional follow-up could hinder the achievement of the target weight. Conclusion. The failure observed in weight loss seems mainly related to a sedentary lifestyle then there would be no direct impact of caloric intake, lack of motivation or eating behaviors.

Keyphrases: Chronic kidney disease, Obesity, Kidney transplant, Nutritional profile, Observational study
Statut en vitamine D et sensibilité à l'insuline des individus lésés médullaires pendant la réadaptation fonctionnelle intensive

Context: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit a deterioration of their cardiometabolic health and a high rate of vitamin D insufficiency. Positive association between 25OHD blood level (>75nmol/L), the main circulating vitamin D metabolite, and insulin sensitivity has been previously reported. Objectives: (1) To report changes in 25OHD levels in SCI individuals admitted to inpatient rehabilitation, in response to two regimens of vitamin D3 supplementation; (2) To investigate associations between 25OHD levels and insulin sensitivity. Methodology: 30 adults (21 males; 44.7±16.2 years) admitted to inpatient rehabilitation following a first SCI received vitamin D3 according to their initial 25OHD levels:1000 international units (UI)/day (Group 1 (Gr.1)) or 10 000 /week +1000 UI/day (Group (Gr.2)). Data were collected prior to and after vitamin supplementation (mean length= 37.6±11.5 days). Results: 25OHD insufficiency (≤ 75nmol/L) before- vs. post-vitamin D3 was 93.1 % vs. 85.1 %; deficiency (≤ 25nmol/L) was 20.7 % vs. 3.7%. Increases in 25OHD levels were 19.4 ±19.8; 11.5±16.7 and 31.8±18.6 nmol/L for all subjects, Gr.1 and Gr.2 respectively. According to the initial 25OHD status, increases in 25OHD levels were 33.4±12.8 (25OHD <25), 21.0±19.4 (25OHD 25-50) and -1.14±9.8 nmol/L (25OHD >50.1) for all participants. Delta QUICKI, an insulin sensitivity index, was greater in Gr.2 (0.05±0.05, p=0.038) than Gr.1. However, it was not correlated to post-supplementation 25OHD levels (r=0.025, p=0.949). Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly improves 25OHD levels but was not sufficient to achieve 25OHD levels of 75 nmol/L or greater nor to maintain initial sufficiency status. Increases in 25OHD levels were greater in individuals with low vitamin D status. Insulin sensitivity was slightly improved in Gr2. The few subjects that have achieved 25OHD >75nmol/L may be one explanation for the lack of significant results and the lack of significant association between 25OHD and insulin sensitivity indices.

Keyphrases: 25OHD, vitamin D, vitamin D insufficiency, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, spinal cord injury, paraplegia, tetraplegia
Évaluation du statut nutritionnel en zinc des enfants poursuivant un protocole de greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques

It has been previously documented that plasma zinc levels are lower in children who underwent a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Given the role of zinc in hematopoiesis, immune defense, intestinal integrity and growth, it is likely that zinc deficiency may negatively affect patient outcomes by influencing hematopoiesis recovery, vulnerability to infections, occurrence of diarrhea, inflammatory complications and growth. To date, monitoring of this trace element is not routinely done in children undergoing HSCT at Ste-Justine Hospital. In this prospective study, we assessed plasma zinc levels and zinc intakes in 21 children at seven different time points before and after HSCT. In addition, anthropometric and biochemistry parameters as well as complications were collected at the same time points. Our results showed a prevalence of zinc deficiency (<9.9 μmol/L) of 43%, however no specific time was associated with the occurrence of this deficiency. Gender, age, graft type, primary diagnosis and the use of a nutritional support did not significantly affect the prevalence of this deficiency state. Usual zinc intakes could not explain this impairment while the use of parenteral nutrition did not prevent its occurrence. A poor nutritional status at admission, defined by a low weight-for-age (<25th percentile), could help identifying high-risk patients. This association is strengthened by the positive correlation found between prealbumin and plasma zinc levels. Although an altered zinc status resulted in a longer duration of diarrhea and more stools per day as well as an extended period of mucositis and neutropenia, no significant difference was seen between patients with a normal and an impaired zinc status with regard to these outcomes. This study suggests the relevance of monitoring zinc nutritional status during HCST given the significant proportion of patients with impaired zinc status and the apparent increase in post-HCST complications seen in those patients. Since usual zinc intakes do not explain the alteration of zinc status of our study population, further studies are needed.

Keyphrases: Zinc, Hematopoietic stem cell transplant, Pediatric, Nutritional impairment
The link between self-production of food and diet quality in adults living in rural Lebanon

The nutrition transition and food insecurity are among the major external factors diminishing diet quality. The effects of diet quality decline can be summarized by the increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases and nutritional deficiencies. To combat these problems, several studies have found that diet quality has been improved by self-production of food (self-harvest*). This study aims to identify whether a link exists between diet quality and self-harvest of plant-food in the Lebanese rural context using data from 748 adult participants living in Chouf, Hermel and Aarsal. To describe dietary patterns of the study population according to the harveststatus, χ2, ANOVA and multiple comparisons (Bonferroni) were used while adjusting for various confounding variables. A significant interaction was found between the two types of harvest at all levels showing that collectors of wild plants/fruits tended to also have some domestic production of fruits and vegetables, and vice versa. While wild-food harvest had a significant positive association with the variety and frequency of consumption except for fruit consumption frequency, domestic harvest had a significantly positive association with vegetable consumption variety and fruit and vegetable consumption frequency. A strong association was found between the region of residence and fruit/vegetable consumption trends. Moreover, the association between domestic harvest and fruit/vegetable consumption frequency was only positive in the region where the consumption frequency was lowest (Hermel). This study demonstrates that self-harvesting of plant foods, whether produced in a home garden or collected from the wild, is significantly associated with greater consumption variety (diversity) and frequency of these foods and that these associations are generally related to the intensity of harvesting. Keywords: Nutrition transition, food insecurity, self-harvest of food, self-production of fruits and vegetables, wild plant harvest, food consumption variety, food consumption frequency. * In this document, the term self- harvest used to include the self-production of food and wild food collection. The term "food" reflects the following groups: fruits, vegetables, wild plants and wild fruits.

Keyphrases: Nutrition transition, Food insecurity, Self-harvest of food, Self-production of fruits and vegetables, Wild plant harvest, Food consumption variety, Food consumption frequency
Le marketing du neuromarketing : analyse sociologique de l’intégration des savoirs et des techniques neuroscientifiques à la recherche scientifique sur le consommateur

This master’s thesis describes and explains the birth and rise of neuromarketing research. This area of research first appeared in the early 2000’s and aims to understand consumer behaviour by applying neuroscientific theories and methods of measuring neurobiological activity to marketing questions. As a controversial topic, neuromarketing is critized in both the public space and academia. Some members of the media, some consumer associations and some neuromarketers see neuromarketing as having an exaggerated power of persuasion while most neuroscientists qualify it as a scam or publicity stunt. Starting from bibliometric analysis of neuromarketing publications, this master’s thesis defines the shifting boundaries of this field of research whose subject itself is still opened to debate. Building on Pierre Bourdieu’s work on the scientific field, this thesis highlights the forces that shape this speciality both in and out of the academic field. Based on semidirective interviews of agents working in this area of research, this thesis demonstrates that neuromarketers have to develop discursive strategies to distance themselves from the controversial image of neuromarketing and adopt publication strategies in order to disseminate the results of their research in the scientific field. This master’s thesis also reveals that neuromarketers who have acquired their scientific habitus outside the field of management sciences have to overinvest themselves and make both epistemological and methodological compromises in order to adapt to marketing research practices. Therefore, this thesis establishes that researchers who engage in this reconversion and invest themselves in this professional trajectory do so because of seemingly attractive career opportunities in neuromarketing research, in both the academic field and the business world.

Keyphrases: neuromarketing, neurosciences, neurodisciplines, sciences cognitives, Pierre Bourdieu, Consumer neurosciences, brain, Cognitive neurosciences, Interdisciplinarity, Scientific field, field theory, bibliometrics
Le développement durable entre Kapakᶸ et Québec : étude culturelle de discours institutionnels québécois et innus sur la Romaine

The event on which this thesis aims its focus is a topic of controversy in Quebec since 2006 : la Romaine, a hydroelectric complex involving the harnessing of one of the last great wild rivers in the province. Specifically, this study examines the new Innu and Quebecer institutional discourses on this project. The analysis takes as material of study the reports submitted to the consultation conducted in 2008 by the Bureau d’audiences publiques sur l’environnement (BAPE). Establishing a dialogue between ethnic studies, the concept of white settler colonialism and cultural studies, this paper sheds light on the role of the apparatus of sustainable development and of great dams in a colonial context. First, this research provides an historical framework on the renewal of the relationship between Quebec’s and Innu’s people centred, in turn, on agriculture, logging and large dams. The goal is to explain how this interethnic relationship, in constant metamorphosis, has been marked by different models of settling the territory. Secondly, this picture leads us to examine the socio-political situation from which emerges la Romaine. Following this contextualization, the application of a socio-technical grid of analysis allows to discover the ways in which sustainable development modulates the collective systems of representations in regards to interethnic relations and contemporary energetic regimes. This analysis expose simultaneously the regeneration of a settler’s imaginary for the Quebecers and the emergence of counter-discourses for the Innus. Ultimately, this research concluded by questioning the terms and possibilities of a decolonial sustainable development.

Keyphrases: Innu, La Romaine, Aménagement territorial, Études autochtones, Sustainable development, Dam, Ethnicity, Spatial planning, White settler colonialism, Indigenous studies
Au menu : ma santé mentale : la santé mentale des travailleurs et travailleuses de la restauration : test du modèle demande-contrôle-soutien de Karasek et Theorell

This study investigated how the work conditions of the restoration industry in Canada may explain the level of psychological distress and the level of positive mental health of their employees. The Job Demand Control Support (Karasek et Theorell, 1990) claims that the combination of strong psychological and physical demands, low decision latitude and low social support in the work environment can affect negatively the psychological mental health of employees. But some adjustments were conducted to fit with this industry (ex: we separate the social support of the collegues and supervisor). Linear regression analyses were conducted to see how working conditions specific to the restaurant sector can affect the mental health of these employees. We took data collected from Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), where a mental health component was added as of 2012 and a component of work stress was added too. By controlling for the individual and family characteristics, as well as lifestyle habits the psychological high efforts and collegues social support were significantly associated to the both mental health outcomes. The supervisor social support had no effect on both outcomes. All the other aspects of work examined (the physical high efforts, low decision latitude, part time work and insecurity of work) were associates at one or other of these outcomes. These results indicate that these two indicators of mental health are two dinstict phenomenons. This study finishes with the discussion and the limits of this study.

Keyphrases: Restoration industry, job condition, risk factors, work stress, psychological distress, social support at work
Materializing Family Solidarity Transnationally : How is family solidarity enacted in Chinese immigrant families in Montreal in the dual-context of international migration and the one-child policy?

This study aims to explore how family solidarity, especially pertaining to elderly parents, is materialized in Chinese immigrant families in Montreal. These solidarities are restricted to the dual-context of international migration and the one-child policy, which distinguishes this study from others.         The qualitative research method is used in this study. Fourteen participants were recruited for the interviews based on criteria such as their residence status in Canada, their immigration category, their gender, and their family structure (whether have siblings or not). The semi-directed interview grid was designed with the following themes: motivation to immigrate in consideration of the need of care for elderly parents, establishment in Montreal, and daily activities of family solidarity. To design the study and to analyze the data, the intergenerational solidarity theory from Bengtson et al., which is composed of six dimensions (normative, affective, consensual, associative, functional, and structural solidarity), was used.         The results show that the different level of development between China and Canada is the core-motivating factor of migration between these two countries. The over-sized population, the complicated relationship in the job market, and the high-level of pollution are considered as “push” factors that drive people to emigrate from China. As for Canada, its “pull” factors are education, relatively simple relationship in job market, good environment, and its relatively welcoming immigration policy.         The results also show that Chinese immigrants depend a lot on associative and functional solidarity while enacting transnational solidarity. Transnational communication and return visits are two important dimensions of associative solidarity. However, the method and the frequency of such a communication varies from person to person, which is strongly related to normative solidarity and affective solidarity with non-migrant parents. As for functional solidarity, it is usually manifested by financial exchange, grandparenting, and elderly care. However, Chinese immigrants have to compromise somehow while enacting functional solidarity because of the limited capacity determined by the two context of this study, namely international migration and the one-child policy.

Keyphrases: Family solidarity, International migration, One-child policy, Transnationalism
La résilience par le terroir : une sociologie du bien-vivre dans les Hautes-Laurentides

This sociological study is about the Regional County Municipality (RCM) of Antoine-Labelle in the Hautes-Laurentides region of Quebec. Since the early 1900s, the forest has been the main economic and social base of the MRC. Since 2005, "the forestry crisis" has heavily affected this region of Quebec. A transition movement has emerged within the regional community. At the intersection of nature and culture, the terroir has appeared as one of the preferred pathways toward resilience. Through the terroir, it’s the ideas of "living" and "living together" that inhabitants are sinking to rethink in their region. Today, several initiatives which highlight the regional terroir, including organic farming projects, have emerged throughout the territory of the Hautes-Laurentides. More than just an economic opportunity, the terroir brings with it new social and symbolic narratives in the region. In this master thesis, our goal is precisely to highlight the social representations of the terroir of some actors in this field of activity in the Antoine-Labelle RCM. We seek to understand how the terroir is constructed, conceptualized, lived and told in this region. By interviewing seventeen actors, including farmers, artisans, chefs and representatives of regional governance, we show that this concept carries social and environmental values that express new aspirations within the community. For the actors interviewed and not without its challenges, the terroir refers to values such as autonomy, quality of life, friendliness, environmental awareness, education and hope for the next generation. This sociological study of the terroir in the Hautes-Laurentides sheds new light on what is meant by “living well” in rural Quebec.

Keyphrases: Terroir, Hautes-Laurentides, Terroir, social representations, living well, regional resilience, social and environmental values, community study, local dynamics, Hautes-Laurentides, food culture, nature and population interface, territorial appropriation
L’apport des savoirs expérientiels à la compréhension des dépendances : le cas de personnes avec une expérience d’itinérance participant au projet Chez Soi à Montréal

In the literature on addictions, authors often put the emphasis on the biological, psychological, or sociological dimensions or some combination of them, without taking into consideration people’s own perspectives on their drug use. Moreover, there seem to be divergences amongst the various explicative models, which may be situated between two majors poles: in the first, addiction takes source in individual factors; in the second, social conditions create propitious grounds for drug usage. This dichotomy is incarnated by the divergence between the sociological models and the psychological and biological models. However, as suggested by Allué (1999) and Griffiths (2005), one must take into consideration the individual’s perception in order to appreciate the wholeness and intensity of their experience. In this research, testimonies of twelve participants from the At Home project, an intervention project whose aim is to offer subsidized housing and an intensive follow-up by teams of interveners to homeless people with mental health issues, will be analyzed in order to pin down the contribution of their experiential knowledge to the understanding of addiction. How do they perceive their addiction problems? How can one relate the participants’ perception to the existing literature? This thesis highlights that participants and their experiential knowledge bring us a holistic understanding of addiction because they tend to combine the sociological, psychological and biological dimensions in their explanations. Even though the relational dimension is predominant, the perception that the participants have of their addictions is addressed under the thematic of mental health. By putting into context the elements brought up by the participants regarding addiction throughout their life, we can realize that they are caught up in a spiral of addiction.

Keyphrases: Perception, Discrimination, Homelessness, Addiction, Experiential knowledge, Mental health, Social inequalities, At Home, Housing first
Les architectes : distinction et incertitudes dans la nouvelle Roumanie

Triggered by a personal experience – the search for an “architect’s dress” – the present study revolves around architecture in Romania and focuses on the lifestyle of its professionals. If the modes of distinction operating in this field – formulated in Pierre Bourdieu’s theory – initially appeared as a path to be explored, it is the writings of Siegfried Kracauer that allowed me to capture the subject more aptly. By drawing the contours of the image of an architect who, on his way to a better life, abandons himself to the thirst to raise socially, I discovered the reserved architects of T. – the average-sized city of Transylvania, which was at the heart of my investigation. What emerged at the beginning of the process as an obstacle, soon became its most fruitful aspect: in the architects’ hesitations (the gaps and rectifications in their discourse), I could discern more aspects of their daily reality that I had initially anticipated. Thanks to Siegfried Kracauer’s lessons – his keen eye, his interest in details, his capacities of astonishment as well as his sensitivity to the ideologies and major directions of society and his openness to the various materials offered to sociology – as well as his style of writing, I was able to detect clues, which allowed me to plunge into the reality of architects in T., a reality combining dreams of glory and experienced uncertainties. It is this meticulous exploration of the everyday life and discourse of architects in T, weighed against their representation in literary and cinematographic works, which is reflected in the present memoire and lends it its structure.

Keyphrases: distinction, Pierre Bourdieu, Siegfried Kracauer, architects, lifestyle, everyday life, distinction, hesitation, Romania