NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Terre-femme : présences et filiation de figures féminines dans le cinéma québécois

This thesis studies the figure of the Terre-femme in Quebec cinema. Through its agrarian past, its complex relationship with its territory and the colonization of its land, its honeymoons, but also the tensions between nationalist and feminist movements during the 1960s and 1970s and its recent negotiations during the post (deuxio) referendum era, between nationalism and globalization, the cinematography of the Quebec nation is an ideal corpus for the study of national fictions and their gendered discourse. This thesis analyses this figure through three figures derived from the Terre-femme, the figure of the Femme-terroir, the Femme-nation and the Femme-nature. Using these three figures specifically proposed for the advocates of this study, we will examine how the gendered discourses of a nation are performed by female bodies in the cinema. The argument will be divided into three sections. Each section will propose a singular figure to study the representation of the link between woman and land in Quebec cinema. The first section deals with the transformations of the figure of the Femme-terroir between the novel Maria Chapdelaine by Louis Hémon of 1916 and its film adaptation directed by Gilles Carle in 1986 as well as the novel Un homme et son péché by Claude-Henri Grignon of 1933 and its film adaptations of 1949-1950 by Paul Gury and of 2002 by Charles Binamé. The second section proposes a study of the figure of the Femme-nation in three cinematographic works produced during the Quiet Revolution, namely Valérie (1968) by Denis Héroux, Jean-Pierre Lefebvre's Q-bec my love (1969) and La vraie nature de Bernadette (1972) by Gilles Carle. These three works were specifically selected to demonstrate the diversity of postures with respect to the joint imaging of the Quiet Revolution and the sexual revolution in Quebec at that time. Our third and final section focuses on the figure of Femme-nature, an active female figure that derives its strength, power and agency from its privileged connection with nature. The Femme-nature is developed at the crossroads of two theoretical branches: the ecofeminist theories and the feminist studies of the mythical figure of Demeter. Three films will act as exemplary corpus: À l’origine d’un cri (Robin Aubert, 2010), La turbulences des fluides (Manon Briand, 2002) and Mariages (Catherine Martin, 2001). Through this thesis, it will be shown that the subjection of women by their privileged connection with the land is a socio-cultural patriarchal construction specific to precise historical conjunctures. Our ecofeminist critical posture leads us to note that this Terre-femme relationship can also be a source of agency, and not only of subjugation.

Keyphrases: Quebec cinema, Feminist studies, Motherland, Gender and nation, Ecofeminism
Fracture partielle de la tête radiale : développement et validation d’un outil radiologique et impact sur la fonction du coude

Radial head fractures represent about one-third of all fractures of the elbow. A displaced radial head fracture, blocking the movements of the elbow, is an indication for surgical treatment. To date it is impossible to predict whether a radial head fracture will involve the proximal radio ulnar joint during pro-supination movements of the forearm, using X-rays or even computed tomography. This study describes, in two parts, the design of an innovative tool for the identification of fractures involving the radio ulnar joint using computed tomography and the impact of the radial head fracture on elbow function.  First, the cadaver and radiological study of clinical cases allowed the design of an acetate superimposed on the axial view of computed tomography of the radial head in order to evaluate the position of the fracture according to the proximal radio-ulnar joint. This tool was validated by 4 observers by classifying 55 fractures as involving the safe zone only, the proximal radio-ulnar joint only or both. Then, in order to verify the applicability of this method in clinical practice, a clinical retrospective study of 43 volunteers, including the classification of fractures using the computed tomography and the tool, revealed that only 5% of fractures were restricted to the safe zone. With such a small prevalence, we did not find a statistically significant difference between a partial radial head fracture that implicates or not the PRUJ, with respect to range of motion, function, and pain at one year after the trauma. Finally, an analysis of different prognostic factors of radial head fractures showed that patients with an associated lesion (coronoid fracture, olecranon fracture, etc.) had significantly less elbow extension (-11.2 °, p = 0.004) and total range of motion (-13.9 °, p = 0.002).  This data allowed us to conclude that the acetate is a complementary tool which as little impact in the choice of treatment but associated elbow injuries such as coronoid fracture and olecranon fracture may influence the clinical outcome.

Keyphrases: Fracture, Elbow, Radial head, CT-scan, Range of motion
Au coeur de la complexité d’une demande d’aide médicale à mourir : voix des soignants et regard éthique

Health professionals in the Province of Québec have recently been authorized, under certain conditions, to end the life of a person or to participate in the process of doing so. To date, few health professionals have lived this experienced and the care environments still in the process of adapting to this new authorization. My dissertation examines the experiences of twelve people who participated in the processing of a single complex request for medical aid in dying (“MAID”), from the receipt of the request through to its acceptance: members of the care team, members of an Interdisciplinary Support Group (ISG), doctors and administrators. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used in order to better understand the individual, relational and collective experience of each participant before, during, and after the administration of the MAID. The testimony collected permitted the identification of interpretative, moral, ethical and emotional difficulties arising from the request for MAD. The measure implemented to deal with these difficulties is also discussed. Philosopher Paul Ricoeur’s theory of ethics served as an intellectual and analytical framework for this dissertation. Accordingly, the questions posed to the participants, the synthesis and the interpretation of the testimony collected were oriented towards the ethical considerations encountered in practice. By placing the voice of the participants at its forefront, this study intends to continue, in Quebec, the gathering of qualitative data already underway in jurisdictions allowing MAID. By adopting an ethical view, it seeks to contribute to the study and discussion of the practice of MAID from personal, relational and collective perspectives.

Keyphrases: Medical aid in dying, Medically-assisted dying, Ethical considerations, Multidisciplinary experience, Health professionals, Decisional process.
De la théorie de l'art comme système fantasmatique : les cas de Michael Fried et de Georges Didi-Huberman

Using critical discourse analysis, this dissertation proposes an epistemological reflection on the specific relationships that art history and theory hold with fantasy, as understood in its psychoanalytic, and, more precisely, Freudian definition. With this analysis I aim to shed light on the mechanisms by which fantasy and theory are articulated in art discourse, taking into account the psychoanalytic, philosophical, historical, social and political implications of these junctures. Based primarily on the work of the French philosopher Sarah Kofman, whose singular approach is informed by Freud and Nietzsche, I address this problematic by way of psychoanalytic, critical and feminist analysis of the exemplary works of two historians and theorists of art who share a particular relation to phenomenology: the American Michael Fried and the French Georges Didi-Huberman. In-depth study of these two “cases” allows me to expose the formation of real fantasy systems and to analyze their content, structure and defensive functions. By adopting a feminist (Kofmanian) approach yet to be applied within art historical analysis, I demonstrate that issues of gender and sexual difference are the subjects of complex negotiations (conflicts, compromises) within these systems.  I commence with a re-reading of a set of foundational psychoanalytic texts in order to better define my use of the concept of fantasy (and those related, such as neurosis, psychosis, perversion and delirium), to lay the foundations for an inquiry into the relationships between fantasy, theory and theory of art, and to establish the stakes of my analytical methodology. Following Kofman's feminist work on the “sexual economy” of philosophical systems (notably those of Comte, Kant, Rousseau and Nietzsche), I develop an alternative reading of the opposing approaches of psychobiography and structural analysis. This method proposes a consideration of theorists’ textual works as “compromises” between individual and collective fantasies, as well as the biographical, pathological and theoretical. In the second part, I implement this method through two major case studies (Fried and Didi-Huberman), analyzing the systematic and fantasmatic, even delusional, modalities of each corpus, with particular attention paid to the structures and motives related to femininity and/or sexual ambivalence. This analysis leads me to consider the various positions adopted by Fried (hysteria, paranoia) and Didi-Huberman (hysteria, fetishism, melancholia) in their respective work, and to draw more general conclusions about the theory of art as a privileged site of fantasy.

Keyphrases: Michael Fried, Georges Didi-Huberman, Sarah Kofman, Theory of art, Epistemology, Psychoanalysis, Feminist theory, Phenomenology, Fantasy, Critical historiography
Une confrontation comme nulle autre dans le Pacifique : la France, la Grande-Bretagne et la vie politique au condominium franco-britannique des Nouvelles-Hébrides (1945-1980)

The New Hebrides represent a forgotten chapter in the history of European colonialism. And yet, between the years 1906 and 1980, this small archipelago consisting of some eighty islands was ruled simultaneously by France and Great Britain. This in itself is a contradiction: two historically opposed nations jointly ruled a colony in a century known for its colonial rivalries.  As the title of the thesis suggests, France and Great Britain did not see eye to eye in all aspects pertaining to the governance of the Anglo-French condominium of the New Hebrides. Even if joint administration of the archipelago commenced in 1906, the thesis focuses especially on the years 1945 to 1980. This is not to say that events from before 1945 can be ignored, far from it. In the introduction as well as the first chapter, certain facts regarding the establishment of the condominium and the 1920s, 1930s, and the Second World War are examined in order to better comprehend the developments which ensue. Essentially examining the years 1945 to 1970, the first chapter underlines the unprecedented impact that the Second World War had on the New Hebrides. It leaves no doubt that in the New Hebrides, the French and the British had to contend with the Melanesians and take into consideration their aspirations and needs. The question of land and the foreign speculation of land were used as vehicles for the political enfranchisement of Melanesians. The relationship between education and the growing participation of Melanesians in the political life of the colony is also explored.       Chapters two and three focus on a more confined period of time than the first chapter (1970 to 1975 for chapter two and 1975 to 1977 for chapter three). These two chapters analyze the political scene in the New Hebrides which, in a short period of time, took on all the characteristics of a true and modern democracy: political parties, campaigns, and elections. These two chapters seek to explain and clarify the role and positions of France and Great Britain in the emerging political scene of the New Hebrides.  Analyzing the years 1978 and 1979, the fourth chapter leaves no doubt that the New Hebrides were headed for imminent independence. It discusses in great detail measures which were put in place to prepare the colony for independence. Once again, the positions of France and Great Britain are taken into account. Lastly, the fifth chapter, centering on the year 1980, examines the final days of the condominium while demonstrating that independence was not acquired peacefully and without bloodshed.   This thesis demonstrates that on the eve of independence in 1980, the British had an upper hand over the French on a cultural, social, and political level in the New Hebrides. The British also exerted a stronger influence on the Melanesian population than the French.

Keyphrases: France, condominium, New Hebrides, France, Great Britain, Melanesians, Pacific, condominium, political parties, decolonization
L'Universel et le national : une étude des consciences historiques au Canada français de la première moitié du dix-neuvième siècle

In this thesis, I discuss the evolution of the experience of time and historical consciousness in Canadian society during the first half of the nineteenth century and propose a metahistorical analysis of two main bodies of documents : the educational material used in classical colleges, and a number of historiographical and political publications that were significant for the Canadian intellectual elite, from Denis-Benjamin Viger’s reflections to the Durham Report and to the writings of William Smith, Michel Bibaud and François-Xavier Garneau. By analyzing these historical documents using conceptual tools inspired by the historiography of representations of time, I propose a reinterpretation of the advent of a national historical consciousness in French Canada. I demonstrate that the “nationalization” of the past was a gradual phenomenon that spanned the first three quarters of the nineteenth century. If national history was not prominent around 1800, it is because Canadian intellectuals interpreted the past on the basis of the theological principles of Christianity and the universalist philosophy of intellectual humanism. Far from being specific to Canadians, this evolution in historical representation has been observed and commented upon by a rich historiography elsewhere in the Western world. Bound up with the disciplinarization of history as a historical phenomenon, the categorization of the Nation and its projection into the past was neither obvious nor necessary, but rather the product of a cultural evolution shared throughout the Atlantic World.

Keyphrases: Canada, Atlantic World, Historical consciousness, Universalism, Intellectual humanism, National historicization, Classical education
Entre Rome et Alexandrie : le monnayage d'Antonin le Pieux (138-161), idéologie du règne et adaptations locales

This thesis aims to treat the ideology of the reign of Antoninus Pius and its transmission in the province of Egypt thanks to the coins minted in Rome and Alexandria. To this end, two volumes are proposed. The first is a historical commentary based on the coins struck in the two cities in order to identify the main themes that are represented. The second volume focuses more on numismatics with a catalog of coins minted in Rome from the Collection of the Cabinet des Médailles in Paris, and an introduction proposing datings of the issues and explanations for several types represented. The comparison of the currencies issued from the various workshops revealed that the main themes spread the ideas of peace, prosperity, abundance, the eternity of Rome and the imperial system, thanks to the Emperor's family, which ensures the succession. The themes are present, throughout the reign, in Rome, and adapted to Alexandria thanks to a local iconographic repertoire. Although using local cults to spread messages, the provincial workshop is therefore subject to the control of the central power, which diffuses the ideology of the reign of Antoninus.

Keyphrases: Rome, Antoninus Pius, Faustina Maior, Faustina Minor, Marcus Aurelius, Roma, Egypt, Numismatic, Ideology
Histoire et rhétorique : Grégoire de Tours et les guerres civiles mérovingiennes

Gregory of Tours is one of the most know writers of the early Middles Ages because his main work, the Histories, is the main source of information for sixth century Gaul.  The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that the Histories is in fact an exhortation addressed to Theodebert II and Theudebert II to make sure that they never fight between themselves in a civil war.    This work is divided in three chapters.  The introduction deal with the question of the audience of Gregory: the sons of Childebert II, and aim to show that the Histories were written late in the life of their author and not on a day to day basis.   The second chapter (History, Rhetoric and the Ten Book of Histories) show how Gregory condemns the civil war and valorizes the collaboration between the kings using the historiographical norms of Late Antiquity and some rhetorical tactics.  The bishop of Tours looks to underline the terrible consequences of those conflicts on both the kingdom and the population and tries to link those wars with characters with bad reputations in the austrasian court.  The last chapter (The role of the bishop in the Histories) shows that the bishops should aim to ease or even prevent the civil wars.  With the representation of the ideal bishop of the Late Antiquity, Gregory praises his colleagues who acted for the peace and condemns those who fled their responsibilities or those that tried to make some personal gains in these situations.

Keyphrases: Gaule, VIe siècle, Gregory of Tours, Historiography, Rhetoric, Bishop, King, Gaul, Merovingian, Sixth century
Une oubliothèque mémorable. L’écriture de l’histoire dans la trilogie allemande de L.-F. Céline

This thesis intends to propose a new reading of the representation of collective oblivion in the last three novels of L.-F. Céline, namely Castle to castle, North and Rigadoon. The texts that Celinian literary studies call the German trilogy rewrite a whole series of elements that  stem from a paradigm of the past and that the prose exposes as extraneous  while still rewriting and reconfiguring them. Yet this formal alterity of the a paradigm of the past is reinvested with the aim of composing an history of the Second World War;an history that interacts with the narratives, the figures, the fields of knowledge, the lexicons and the discourses that compose the current representations of collective memory. The main hypothesis of this work is that those rewritings not so much reproduce the collective memory of their times than indicate the drastic selections, the “screen-memories” and the distorsions that shape the collective oblivion of post-war French society (1945-1961).  By adopting a sociocritical perspective, this study articulates the concept of interdiscursivity defined by Régine Robin through an analysis of the components, the modes and the uses of collective amnesia under the IVe République as  they are reconfigured by the German trilogy. This perspective accounts for the obsolete literary genres, the intertexts stemming from the national patrimony, the composite ideological substratum, the linguistic archaisms as well as the places and characters that metaphorize a distant past in the texts. This analysis examines how these rewritings assume a critical dimension and identify the narratives, the characters, the poetic figures and the “mots d’ordre” of the official accounts of the Second World War, such as they are contested by the novels. Among the imaginary transpositions this oblivion is subjected to, two can be considered as structural elements : the topic of revenge and the figure of the spectre; two elements through which the last works of Céline reconfigure the representation of collective memory in order to exhibit  the erased fraction. This history of the oblivion of history is accompanied with a critical reflection on the writing of history that, enshrined in the scriptural materiality of the text, deconstructs the canonical forms of historiography according to a principal of disconnection. The reconfiguration of collective oblivion that defines these novels forms what this essay defines as the lethean dimension of the German trilogy.

Keyphrases: spectre, Sociocritic, German trilogy, Collective oblivion, XXth  century french novel, Castle to Castle, North, Rigadoon, Second World War, Paradigm of the past, Lethean novel, Rewriting, Obsolete literary genres
Pour une approche linguistique des recherches identitaires dans le roman québécois contemporain

This doctoral degree dissertation has been written for a joint PhD, established between the Université de Limoges and the Université de Montréal. We examine four contemporary Quebecois novels: Myriam Beaudoin’s Hadassa, Éric Dupont’s La Logeuse, Abla Farhoud’s Le Fou d’Omar and Mauricio Segura’s Côte-des-Nègres. The novels were published in Montreal between 1998 and 2006. The most important objective is the study of the link between the heterolingualism of the Quebecois novel during the years 1995-2010 and the linguistic practice of the protagonists. We place literary heroes at the heart of our research. We make an interpretation by induction, as we decrypt the worldview of this literary heroes from the linguistic practice. This will allow us to determine the factors that could motivate the change of register and variety of language in specific situations. We use literary, linguistic and sociolinguistic methods. The analysis of the diegesis is based on Gérard Genette’s narratology theory. We use Philippe Hamon’s five differentiation processes and Boris Tomashevsky’s two individualization processes to establish the hierarchy of the literary characters. The results of the analysis of the diegesis are reproduced on a diagram. This type of diagram is our creation. Rainier Grutman define the heterolingualism like “the use of foreign languages or social, regional and historical varieties in literary texts” (translated by Nicole Nolette). We refer to the works of Rainier Grutman (1997) and Chantal Richard (2004) to analyse the form and function of hetorolingualism in our corpus. A sociolinguistic approach is based on Shana Poplack’s works and her variationist model of code switching and of borrowing (1988).

Keyphrases: Contemporary Quebecois novel, Hetorolingualism, Registers and varieties of the language, Code switching and borrowing, Tetrapartite analysis, Worldview (Weltanschaunng), Discourse analysis, Literary character, Linguistic practice, Identity