NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La collaboration médecin-pharmacien en soins de première ligne pour la gestion des dyslipidémies : un essai clinique contrôlé et randomisé en grappe (étude TEAM)

The hypothesis was that a family physician-community pharmacist collaborative care (PPCC) model where the pharmacist provides advanced pharmaceutical care including statin dosage adjustment would provide a greater LDL reduction to dyslipidemia patients and increase the number of patients reaching their target lipid levels. .  In a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate a PPCC model for patients with dyslipidemia (TEAM study), a one-day workshop based on a treatment protocol and specific clinical tools was offered to prepare PPCC pharmacists to provide advanced pharmaceutical care to dyslipidemia patients. Pharmacists knowledge on dyslipidemia was low before the workshop but significantly improved thereafter (overall score from 45,8% to 88,2%; p < 0,0001). After the workshop, pharmacists showed a high level of theoretical and practical skills. Finally, a one-day workshop based on a treatment protocol and clinical tools was necessary and adequate to prepare pharmacists to provide advanced pharmaceutical care to patients with dyslipidemia in the context of a clinical trial.    In the TEAM study, 15 clusters of physicians and pharmacists (PPCC: 8; usual care (UC) : 7) followed for 1 year, 225 patients (PPCC: 108; UC:117) at moderate or high risk of coronary heart disease who initiated or were already treated with a statin monotherapy but who did not achieved target lipid levels. At baseline, compared to UC patients, PPCC patients had a higher level of LDL (3.54 mmol/L vs 3.22 mmol/L) and were prescribed less high-potency statin (11,1% vs 39,7%). At 12 months, the crude and adjusted between group-differences in the mean change in LDL-C were equal to -0.2 mmol/L (95%CI: -0.3 to -0.1) and -0.04 (95%CI: -0.3 to 0.2), respectively. The crude and the adjusted relative risk of achieving lipid targets were equal to 1.10 (95%CI: 0.95 to 1.26) and  1.16 (1.01 to 1.32), respectively. PPCC patients had more health-professional visits and laboratory tests, were more likely to have their lipid-lowering treatment changed, and to report lifestyle changes. PPCC improved adherence to treatment-guideline recommendations with higher proportion of patients achieving their target lipid levels.   From an interim analysis of the TEAM study (PPCC: 100 patients; UC: 67 patients) the annual direct costs for the pharmacist follow-up in the PPCC group (training, visits, laboratories), physician follow-up (visits, laboratories) and lipid-lowering treatment were evaluated. The cost for the pharmacist follow-up was $404.07/patient, including $320.67 to train pharmacists. The incremental overall cost was $421.01/patient. Finally, a PPCC for patients with dyslipidemia entails a reasonable cost.

Keyphrases: community pharmacist, advanced pharmaceutical care, collaborative practice, dyslipidemia, lipid-lowering treatment adjustment, cost analysis
La Petite danseuse de quatorze ans :
une analyse de la fonction subversive de l’œuvre

The Little Dancer Aged Fourteen (1881) of French artist Edgar Degas (1834-1917) represents and deconstructs all at once, many social and artistic categories of its own time.  The work represents social changes and the fear that they generate as it relates to the place of sculpture in art and of art, social classes, science and women’s role in society. Degas’ sculpture plays with and between these structures, deconstructing them and offering new ways of understanding contemporary society. After putting the work in context, we look at the link it has with dolls, how it addresses criminality, and how it questions the ballerina image.  The Little Dancer then becomes an ambiguous, unstable and indefinable work reflecting in an acute way its society.  Rooted in postmodernism, feminism and postcolonialism, we will explain how the sculpture offers a subversive reading of the values subtending industrial 19th Century Parisian constructs.

Keyphrases: Edgar Degas, sculpture, France, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, 19th Century, Edgar Degas, sculpture, France, feminism
Bad news for satisfied tenants: On the social construction of social rented housing as dreadful enclosures

As long as the social rented sector - which comprised 6% of the housing stock - housed traditional families and the allocation procedures were rather loose, little commotion came about. A combination of changes in family structures (leading to the in stream of ethnic minorities), economic changes (leading to the in stream of poor people), and the strengthening of allocation procedures towards those most in need, did change perceptions. Marginalisation and ghettoisation became during the 1990s the buzzwords when talking and writing about social rented housing. In this article, we will explain the background of the scapegoat trends and the possible consequences for social tenants in particular and for the social rental housing in general.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Ethics, Economics
Les pratiques d’écriture et de sociabilité de Louise d’Épinay à la lumière de ses contributions à la Correspondance littéraire et de ses lettres à Ferdinando Galiani (1755-1783)

Louise d’Épinay’s contributions to the Correspondance littéraire (1755-1783) and her correspondence with Ferdinando Galiani (1769-1782) constitute two complementary corpora which allow us to understand this author’s practices of sociability and to reveal their interaction with her writing. Her critical work, her dialogues and her letters contribute to the co-opting of a social elite, via their circulation in the margins of good society and their extension of court society’s mechanisms of distinction. The analysis of self-representations and group-representations in these writings allow us to better understand the social representations that give them meaning and that explain their restricted circulation. This thesis, based on sociological concepts, proposes a renewal of Louise d’Épinay’s studies, and those of the women associated with Enlightenment salons.

Keyphrases: Louise d’Épinay, Eighteenth-century French literature, Louise d’Épinay, Social life and customs, Social representation, Women writers
La blogosphère et la fonction filtre : le cas de la campagne électorale de 2008 à São Paulo

Here I study the relationship between the political blogosphere of the city of São  Paulo, in Brazil, and the ecology of media in which it is inserted. I establish a  dialogue with the theorists who believe in the dissemination of the blogs as the final  moment of the democratisation of the means of symbolic production, and I come to  the conclusion that the blogosphere should more likely be viewed as a filtering  instance of the products from the mass media.  I borrow the concept of “dispositif” from Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben and  I define the media of the contemporary age in terms of a communicative dispositif. I  also borrow from Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz the concepts of “two-step flow of  communications” and “opinion leader” to find the place of the blogosphere in our  communicative space. I argue that today’s bloggers play the function of the opinion  leaders described by Katz and Lazarsfeld – which I name the filter-function of the  blogosphere – and that they are localized in the intermediate layer of the flow of  communications in the contemporary western democracies: the layer in between the  mass media and the receptors.  To undertake my research I have conducted a virtual ethnography in the political  blogosphere of the city of São Paulo, in Brazil, during the municipal elections in  October 2008. Then I submitted the whole of their discursive production to a  sociolinguistic analysis. I conclude this work by stating that more than the product of a revolution in the realm of communications, the contemporary media ecology takes over, diversify and extend processes that we once believed were restricted to the dynamics of the mass media.

Keyphrases: Blogosphere, Elections, Filtering, Filter-function, Author-function, Cyberdemocracy, Sociolinguistic, Sociology of technology, Opinion leader, Virtual  ethnography
L'influence de l'engagement de l'élève sur le lien entre le redoublement et le décrochage scolaire

In spite of a reduction in its prevalence during the last decades, school dropout remains worrying problems and its effects have heavy consequences on the level of the individual and the society. Among the many risk factors identified by research in the field of education, the grade retention is one of the most powerful predictors of school dropout. School engagement was on several occasions identified as being a promising variable in the prevention and the intervention of the abandonment of the studies. The objective of this study is to check the potentially mediating effect of school engagement on the link between the grade retention and school dropout at a population of Québécois teenagers coming from low socioeconomic status. Although the results do not show a mediating effect, they make it possible to affirm the presence of an additive effect of the engagement of student on grade retention in the prediction of school dropout.

Keyphrases: Engagement, School dropout, Grade retention, Engagement, Student, Secondary school, Risk factors, Mediating effect
L'elenchos dans la République de Platon

This study is about refutation (elenchus) in Plato's Republic. I claim that Socrates' use of this method in Book I cannot be considered evidence that the text belongs to an earlier draft of this book, nor of an implicit critique of the elenctic method by Plato. My first chapter shows that the dialectic described in Book VII actually includes the elenchus. The second chapter studies the arguments of Book I and shows that their many flaws should be interpreted in term of Plato's pedagogical motives, and do not suggest that he intended to write a satire. Chapter three shows that, far from criticizing Socrates' method on moral grounds, Book I actually presents the elenchus as a successful tool for moral education. Chapter four explains the moral criticism of the elenchus in Book VII by contrasting education in a perfect city with Socrates' education of already-corrupted men. I conclude by explaining why the Republic's main books do not make use of refutation.

Keyphrases: Socrate, Plato, Republic, Book 1, Elenchus, Refutation, Dialectic, Socrates, Thrasymachus, Polemarchus, Education
Le conte de fées parodique français du XVIIIe siècle : un discours antimerveilleux

Seemingly harmless, the satirical French fairy tales of the 18th century contain a  hidden discourse against the novel, which does not abide by the rules of  traditional fairy tales. Explicitly stated or not, these utterances are generally  voiced as metalepsis by the narrators, the witnesses within the story, or an  authority outside the main text. The development of a specific typology based on  ten fairy tales published between 1730 and 1754, helps to present an overview of  this uncommon narrative phenomenon, and allows for a more transversal analysis  of these figures of speech. The contents of these fairy tale metalepsis give rise to a  new poetics concerning novels and short stories. In turn, these tales gradually  distances themselves from the established norms governing these two 18th century  literary genres.

Keyphrases: Satirical French fairy tale, 18th century, metalepsis, typology, novel poetic, discourse againts the novel, discourse againts the fairy tale
Structures spatiales dans la pensée religieuse grecque de l'époque archaïque : la représentation de quelques espaces insondables: l'éther, l'air, l'abîme marin

The present dissertation aims to study the ways in which archaic Greek thought symbolically came to grips with three elements of physical reality, which can never be thoroughly accessed by humans: the ether, the air, and the marine abyss. Due to the rather fathomless character of the different spaces underlying these elements, human imagination and abstract thought endeavored to apprehend them through a specific discourse and system of knowledge and beliefs. Both this discourse and its inherent epistemological system were specific to the abovementioned historical period. They assigned the spaces in question a place in the universe via a hierarchy of the cosmological order. Thus, these spaces acquired a definite shape, while their contents have been classified and connected with patterns of the known world, while being combined in multifarious ways. In my doctoral work, I argue that it is possible to define the various forms of representations of such inaccessible domains of being, together with the patterns of their spatial organization, by paying close attention to the manner in which the archaic Greek thought expressed itself through literature and iconography. Drawing on the particular dialectic that pertains to the relation between space and movement, this thesis wishes to analyze the corpus of ancient Greek sources from multiple vantages which so far have been only vaguely explored. To exemplify, I shall tackle the way, in which space is understood in view of journeys other than terrestrial. I also discuss how certain paradigms of movement in space have emerged in this regard. Another question I shall answer concerns the manner, in which certain dichotomies of archaic logic related to space (up/down, right/left, east/west, within/beyond, etc.) have influenced the structuring of space. With that in mind, I expand upon the issue of the types of spatiality revealed through the journeys across the different levels of the world, namely the journeys of the gods, mortals, and other forces involved in the human interaction with the divine and any other superior region. These analyses will jointly show that the philosophical structuring of space and the emergence of an image of the world understood as κόσμος – i.e., as a world ordered by and obeying both physical and divine laws – are the result of imagination and abstract reflective efforts rather than subjective experience.

Keyphrases: Air, Cultural Studies (Greek Antiquity), Archaic Greece, Greek religion, Space and time, Spatial logic, Mythic and poetic imagery, Movement, Ether, Air, Marine depths
Une injustice programmée? : le point de vue des personnes itinérantes sur leur judiciarisation et leur incarcération

This research explores homeless individuals' perception of their penalization and incarceration experience. Penalization of homeless individuals is an increasingly frequent phenomenon, due to a rise in the number of statements of offense served following infractions to municipal by-laws, to Société des Transports de Montréal by-laws or to the Code de Sécurité Routière. Penalization differs from criminalization : whereas criminalization results from the application of the Criminal Code, penalization follows for minor infractions or incivilities. Ultimately, penalization leads to incarceration : as they default on fines, individuals are increasingly sentenced to jail terms. The objective of this research is to better grasp how homeless individuals perceive penalization. It focuses on its effects on their material life, on their relationship with the system's actors and on their perception of the judicial system through their interaction with it. Ingrained in the conceptual framework of recognition (Honneth, 2000), the experience of penalization and incarceration sheds light on the relationship between homeless individuals and the justice system. This research makes use of complementary methodologies. The first one, draws on 29 interviews conducted with homeless individuals regarding their penalization and street life experience. The second one consisted of a descriptive statistical analysis of the 29 individuals' legal records, which included criminal and penal infractions and the procedural steps associated with each infraction.

Keyphrases: Perception, Infraction, Fines, Recognition, Perception, Incivilities, Incarceration
Henri Michaux et le récit de voyage : la place du sujet dans l’écriture de l’ailleurs

The primary focus of this study will be to understand the role of travel writing as put forward in the works of Henri Michaux and to retrace the itinerary that leads the author from real travel to imaginary travel. The three books that will constitute our main body of analysis, namely Ecuador (1929), Un Barbare en Asie (1933), and the fictitious journey of Ailleurs (1946), have transformed each in its own way the genre of travel literature by suggesting not only a representation of the Other, but a writing of the self. Indeed, it seems that for Michaux, the representation of unknown territories holds significance only in the way that, through it, the self can assert its own position in the face of a menacing outside world, an outside world that must be held at bay through a defensive use of language. Consequently, the traveler is stuck between two very distinct postures, the first being his desire for adequacy and the latter his turning in on himself.

Keyphrases: Origine, Self, Travel, Writing, Language, Imaginary, Other, Identity, Desire, Origin
Développement d'un tandem multicatalytique méthylénation - couplage de Heck et Approche synthétique de l'Hodgsonox

This thesis is divided in two sections. The first topic to be discussed is the development of a multicatalytic one pot process of methylenation and Heck coupling reactions, and the second topic is the studies toward the synthesis of Hodgsonox. The first part of this thesis describes the development of a one pot process, based on the transition-metal catalyzed methylenation reaction reported by the Lebel group, and on Heck coupling reactions. The compatibility of reagents is studied and the optimal reaction conditions of the coupling reaction (Pd(OAc)2 et P(o tol)3) are described for this process, which does not require isolation of the alkene intermediate. The presence of excess triphenylphosphine inhibits the Heck coupling reaction, thus copper salts are used to catalyze the methylenation reaction. This tandem sequence was then used to synthesize different stilbenes, particularly hydroxylated (E) stilbenoids, analogues of Resveratrol, which are known to have a therapeutic activity against cardiovascular diseases, and substituted indanes, through an intramolecular Heck coupling reaction, all in good yields.  The second part of this thesis describes the studies toward the synthesis of Hodgsonox. This molecule represents a new class of sesquiterpene with a cyclopenta[5,1-c]pyran ring system fused to an epoxide ring. The combination of a mono- and a 1,1-disubstituted double bond flanking the oxygenated carbon of the pyran ring is a unique structural feature, making the synthesis of this molecule a very attractive challenge. Hodgsonox also represents a good system to test the versatility of our metal-catalyzed methylenation reaction, since we propose to use this methodology to construct the two terminal alkenes from a dicarbonyl derivative. Hodgsonox, which is biosynthesized by the MEP pathway, exhibits activity against the larvae of the Australian green blowfly Lucilia cuprina. The synthesis planned during this work, is based on the prior formation of a 5-membered ring, with 3 stereogenic centers, followed by an O-H insertion reaction to cyclize the dihydropyran ring. A dynamic kinetic resolution of a substituted δ butyrolactone determines the relative stereochemistry of two chiral centers in the first step. The 5 membered cycle is then synthesized via a cross metathesis reaction, after 6 steps and a 37% global yield. A conjugated addition, followed by a Saegusa oxidation reaction and a hydrosilylation reaction gave the syn isopropyl group. After the formation of the ketoester functionality, a diazo transfer allows us to prepare the presursor for the OH insertion reaction. The bicycle, corresponding to the structural base of the Hodgsonox, was prepared in 16 linear steps in a 12 % global yield.

Keyphrases: Hodgsonox, Hydrosilylation, Insertion O-H, Multicatalytic tandem, Methylenation, Heck coupling, Stilbene, Hodgsonox, Dynamic kinetic resolution, Hydrosilylation, O-H insertion
Egon Bahr, l'Ostpolitik et la place de l'Allemagne dans un nouvel ordre européen, 1945-1975

This thesis deals with Egon Bahr’s understanding of the Federal Republic of Germany’s (FRG) Eastern policy (Ostpolitik) between 1945 and 1975. The analysis is centered on the link between Ostpolitik and Bahr’s conception of Germany’s position and role in the European system. More precisely, this study aims at finding out which goals Bahr pursued in the context of Bonn’s Eastern policy. The first part of the thesis deals with the conceptual development of Ostpolitik (1945-1969). The second part takes a look at its implementation for the period between Willy Brandt’s election as West German Chancellor and the conclusion of the Helsinki Final Act (1969-1975). This thesis relies primarily on Bahr’s writings, including a vast number of unpublished sources, located mostly in German archives, but also in American, French and British archives.  According to Bahr, Ostpolitik was not limited to the elimination of West Germany’s burdens in foreign policy during the Cold War. In fact, he pursued an ambitious, nationalistic project in the context of relations with the Soviet bloc. Bahr sought to create the necessary conditions for Germany to redefine its place in Europe. With Ostpolitik as his diplomatic instrument, his ultimate goal was to see Germany become the central power in a new European peace order. Three interrelated objectives formed the core of this vision: 1) the consolidation of peace and security on the continent; 2) German reunification and 3) the emancipation of (West) German foreign policy.  This thesis sheds new light on Bahr’s political thought and contributes to a better understanding of Ostpolitik’s significance in the larger context of West German foreign policy. Bahr’s conceptions were unique in Cold War Germany because they were based on notions of power, the national interest and “normality”. At the same time, Bahr understood that Germans, because of their central geographic position, always had to rely on cooperation as the prime instrument of all their diplomatic initiatives. Through its “architect”, Ostpolitik appears as an effort at reconciliation between a peaceful Europe and the unhindered affirmation of German influence in world affairs.

Keyphrases: Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), Foreign policy, Relations with the Soviet bloc, Cold War, European security, German question, Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)