NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Le travail domestique au Brésil : une étude à la lumière de la Convention n° 189 et de la Recommandation n° 201 de l’OIT

Domestic work is one of the oldest forms of employment in the world. In Brazil, this type of service has its roots in slavery, an economic exploitation technique that has marked the history of the country for about 400 (four hundred) years. Even in the XXI century, domestic work is undervalued and barely recognized as a real job. National legislation has progressed to the point of recognizing domestic workers the same rights enjoyed by other employees (Constitutional Amendment, 2013). The International labor law has a crucial importance in the supervision of the situation of domestic workers in the world. The Convention Concerning Decent Work for Domestic Workers (n° 189) and the Recommendation n° 201 of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) play a key role in promoting decent work for domestic workers. Despite the existence of relevant national and international standards, the matter of working and living conditions of domestic workers in Brazil goes beyond the legislation because it involves the notion of cultural devaluation of domestic work, the same idea that associates home work to slavery.

Keyphrases: Domestic work, Brazil, International Labour Organization (ILO), International Labour Law, Domestic Workers Convention (n° 189), Recommendation n° 201
La recherche internationale en génétique et l’utilisation secondaire des données : entre dissociation et harmonisation

The study of polymorphisms and multifactorial aspects of health determinants enthuses many researchers with regard to populationnal research in genetics and genomics. The research method accompanying this field of research, however, requires the collection and analysis of a large number of biological samples and associated data, which fosters the development of biobanks. Biobanks, which contain personal and health data of thousands of participants, are therefore an essential resource to study the complex etiology of multifactorial diseases, and increase the speed and reliability of results.  To optimize the use of these resources, many researchers now combine information from different biobanks to create “virtual” mega-cohorts of research participants. Thus, any attempt to share the data for international research is dependent on the legal and ethical right to use such data.  Irrespective, the right to use the personal, medical and genetic data of participants in the context of international research is subject to complex and comprehensive legal and ethical frameworks. This complexity is exacerbated when research participants are deceased. Based on a review of the individualistic interpretation of the notion of informed consent and a constructivist approach to trust and autonomy, this thesis situates itself at the crossroads of research, law and ethics. It aims to propose a model promoting the legal and ethical harmonization of data for international genetic research.

Keyphrases: International, Law, Comparison, Research, Biomedical, Biobank, Bioethics
La protection de la vie privée au temps de la biosécurité

This thesis focuses on the protection of privacy in the context of biosecurity. Biosecurity is concerned with the threats that epidemics of infectious diseases present to public health and national security. The main goal of my thesis is to challenge the idea that conducting meaningful public health surveillance necessarily implies that the scope of the legal protection given to personal health information has to be reduced. My research demonstrates that, given certain conditions, a public health surveillance conducted with carefully configured syndromic surveillance systems operating with de-identified health data would increase both the efficiency of surveillance in terms of its capacity to detect emerging epidemics and the level of informational privacy of the patients.

Keyphrases: privacy law, biosecurity, syndromic surveillance, national security law, public health law
Maltreatment and Juvenile Delinquency Among Crossover Youth

Objective. Crossover youth are defined as youth who are both victims of maltreatment and juvenile offenders. The objective of this thesis to shed light on the associations between the parameters of maltreatment (i.e., recurrence, subtypes and variety) and the parameters of juvenile delinquency (i.e., precocity, volume, variety, average severity and presence of subtypes) experienced by crossover youth. Methods. The data source is comprised of official records for the population of Quebec male and female adolescents that pled guilty or were convicted of a crime between January 1st 2005 and December 31st 2010. First, descriptive statistics are utilized to draw a portrait of crossover youth in Quebec. Second, multivariable analyses are used to determine whether the parameters of maltreatment predict different dimensions of delinquency and to examine possible sex differences. Findings. Crossover youth demonstrate more serious delinquency than non-maltreated offenders and differential exposure to maltreatment is linked to heterogeneous parameters of juvenile delinquency. The recurrence of maltreatment emerges as an important predictor of the parameters of subsequent offending. Moreover, maltreated boys demonstrated more problematic indicators of juvenile delinquency than maltreated girls. Implications. Interventions within the youth protection and juvenile justice systems should be tailored in order to identify youth at-risk for serious delinquency, to target specific dimensions of maltreatment and to potentially hamper their link to subsequent offending. Intervention should be privileged for victims of multiple incidents of maltreatment and for maltreated boys.

Keyphrases: Crossover youth, Maltreatment, Recurrence of maltreatment, Juvenile delinquency, Youth Protection Act, Youth Criminal Justice Act
Le mariage forcé de femmes immigrantes au Québec

This thesis aims to understand the issue of forced marriage experienced by immigrant women living in Quebec and the political, legislative and social responses. More specifically, it is to demonstrate the diversity of situations and meanings covered by the concept of forced marriage in an attempt to identify elements of definition and understanding. The thesis also aims to identify the specific consequences of forced marriage for immigrant women living in Quebec, and to analyze the political, legislative and social responses to forced marriage in Canada and Quebec in order to prevent, detect and to protect victims in an intercultural context. Based on ten interviews with immigrant women living, having lived or under the threat of forced marriage and eighteen key informants involved with them and coming from various practice settings (Police, Justice, Health and Social services, Community organizations), an intersectional analysis has revealed the complexity of forced marriages due to the interrelations between various systems of oppression and multiple vulnerabilities. The literature and our results indicate that certain elements characterize forced marriages. Firstly, the preservation of the patriarchal honor that problematizes and controls women’s behaviour, relating in particular to their sexual life as well as their social life. Secondly, the fact that forced marriage is more often a way to pursue collective interests instead of individual ones. This collective dimension will necessarily be taken into account in solutions to this problem. Thirdly, the role played by women (mothers, stepmothers and other women from the same ethnic community) in the marriage arrangements, but also in the surveillance and control of all the comings and goings of other women. Fourthly, the potential of multiple perpetrators, including the community itself, involved in violent acts before, during and sometimes after the wedding is another dimension which must also be taken into account during the intervention. iii Fifthly, the potential for sexual exploitation (marital rape, forced pregnancies), physical violence (bodily harm), psychological violence (pressures, manipulation) or economic violence (forced labor, deprivation of financial autonomy). All these results helped to identify some needs in terms of prevention, screening and protection of forced marriage victims.

Keyphrases: forced marriage, immigrant women, qualitative methodology, intersectionality
Analyse simultanée des hormones stéroïdiennes et leurs formes chimiques dans les matrices d'eau et d'urine par SPE-LC-MS/MS en ligne

In recent years, endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have been found in rivers that receive significant inputs of wastewater. Among EDCs, natural and synthetic steroid hormones are recognized for their potential to mimic or interfere with normal hormonal functions (development, growth and reproduction), even at ultratrace levels (ng L-1). Although conjugated hormones are less active than free hormones, they can be cleaved and release the unconjugated estrogens through microbial processes before or during the treatment of wastewater. Due to the need to identify and quantify these compounds, a new fully automated method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the two forms of several steroid hormones (free and conjugated) in different water matrixes and in urine. The method is based on online solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS). Several parameters were assessed in order to optimize the efficiency of the method, such as the type and flow rate of the mobile phase, the various SPE columns, chromatography as well as different sources and ionization modes for MS. The method shows good linearity (R2 > 0.993) and precision with a coefficient of variance of less than 10%. The quantification limits vary from a minimum of 3 to 15 ng L-1 for an injection volume of 1 mL and 5 mL, respectively, with the recovery values of the compounds varying from 72% to 117%.

Keyphrases: Urine, Conjugated steroid hormones, On-line solid phase extraction (SPE), Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), Wastewater, River water, Estrogens
Pain, Disability, and Art: A Response to Verpaelst

Pain is inherently subjective and culturally mitigated and so it is difficult to measure and mitigate. Art creation has the ability to be therapeutic to persons in chronic pain.

Keyphrases: incapacité, chronic pain, suffering, disability, art therapy, medicine
La prise de décision d’urgence chez les pompiers premiers répondants : Une illustration de la pertinence d’une approche empirique en éthique professionnelle

During an emergency, response has to be immediate. Deliberation time is limited, even nonexistent. But professionals are responsible for their decisions and their actions. The complexity of decision-making during an emergency is an under-researched topic in bioethics. To contribute to this topic, this article focuses on decision- making by firefighter first responders. It presents empirical data from focus groups with firefighters who are first responders for the Service de Sécurité Incendie de la Ville de Montréal. First, this article describes the way that firefighters understand decision-making during an emergency. Second, an empirical approach is shown to be necessary for bioethics researchers who venture to do research in fire departments: this empirical approach reveals firefighter’s ethical challenges and how they can be neutralised.

Keyphrases: services incendie, emergency, first responders, firefighters, fire service, decision-making, professional ethics, empirical data
Faire dialoguer les cultures : rencontre entre la bioéthique et l’art contemporain

This essay discusses the encounter between bioethics researchers and artists who have participated in the Art + Bioethique project. The co-curator of the exhibition related to this project presents here the way that each artist problematized a specific area of research and offers a personal interpretation through their work.

Keyphrases: art contemporain, médiation, contemporary art, bioethics, mediation, artist-researcher collaboration
Art + Bioéthique : L’art comme médiation

This text is taken from the catalog of the exhibition Art + Bioéthique which gathered together six artists and six researchers at Espace Projet in winter 2016. It presents an overview of the artists’ approaches and of the exhibited works through the eyes of one of the curators.

Keyphrases: bioéthique, collaboration, visual arts, bioethics, emerging artists, exhibition
The Anxious Heart of Injustice: Negative Affective Responses to Disabilities

It appears that liberal thought pays too little attention to negative affective responses toward people with disabilities. As a result, liberal theories may lack corrective structures to deal with such emotions and theorists themselves may fall prey to their influence. Assuming these troubling suggestions are at least partly well-founded and thereby warrant closer investigation, I examine three hypothetical causes of this state of affairs: the philosophical distrust toward emotions, the failure to attend to anxious reactions toward anomalous bodies, and the fear of vulnerability connected to liberal ideology. Although the causal factors that I discus are difficult to demonstrate empirically, they are nonetheless intuitively compelling.

Keyphrases: réponse affective, emotions, affective responses, liberalism, disability
Principes de communication et rôle social du chercheur en matière de transfert de connaissances : une dualité source de questionnements éthiques

Because science aims to contribute to the improvement of living conditions and the well-being of the population, researchers have to produce and share knowledge. However, the use of certain potentially more effective strategies raises ethical questions. This article briefly explores these questions by focusing on the duality of the message format and the social role of the researcher.

Keyphrases: activism, scientific communication, marketing principles, social role of the researcher, policy, knowledge transfer strategies
« Médecine à deux vitesses à la manière de SUCCESs » ou « Deux poids deux mesures ou Quod licet Iovi, non licet bovi
c'est-à-dire : "ce qui est permis à Jupiter ne l'est pas auxvaches" »

Collage, drawing (Japanese paper, paper, glass and wood) 60 x 45 cm, various sizes

Keyphrases: art contemporain, création, contemporary art, création
L’animal un co-citoyen, et pourquoi pas?

This essay is about the animal’s social place in our society. It is a reflection on the past and present bases that explain my vision of animals in our society, with a look at the reality of my profession, veterinary medicine. I conclude with some possible solutions to better understand and integrate the animal in our society.

Keyphrases: animal, society, veterinary medicine
54 rue DuBalcon

Photographic material reflecting the positive experience between a landlord and his tenant Various sizes

Keyphrases: art contemporain, création, contemporary art, creation
Na-no-body

Ink on paper, wire, batteries, electroluminescent diodes, Petri dishes, silicone. 300 x 170 cm

Keyphrases: art contemporain, création, creation, contemporary art
Cobayes de la relève : l’artiste et le chercheur à la rencontre de l’expérience

This essay is a preliminary reflection in the wake of the collaboration initiated with an artist, Arkadi Lavoie Lachapelle, as part of an interdisciplinary project on art and bioethics. I will first say a few words about the concept of law to which I adhere and the methodological conclusions that I draw. These remarks will serve as background to the reflections that were inspired by my collaboration with Arkadi Lavoie Lachapelle in this project. I will then venture to the side of art criticism by proposing an outline of a reading of certain works of the artist. Finally, I will make a few remarks related to my reflexive ethical experience of the practice of qualitative research methodology and comparisons that can be made with artistic practice.

Keyphrases: réflexivité, art, interdisciplinarité, performance, reflexivity, research ethics, law, qualitative research, interdisciplinarity
Jour de fête!

Jet printing ink on Epson Matte Paper Light maple frame Select (white lacquer finish), dry mounting on 4-ply cardboard Peterboro Museum without acid, clear acrylic sheet Tru Vue subframe 124.46 x 170.18 x 5.08 cm 35.4 lbs Premium basswood Photo credit: Isabelle Brabant Framing: Martin Schop Support for printing Mathieu Jacques Bioethicist collaborator bioéthicien: Jean-Frédéric Ménard

Keyphrases: art contemporain, création, contemporary art, creation
Art + Bioéthique : quand la recherche en bioéthique quitte les murs de l’université

How should one engage the public in a reflection on the ethical issues of our time? Guided by this question, we developed a platform for exchange with the community on bioethical issues via an art exhibition and a series of cultural and scientific mediation activities for adults and children. This thematic dossier presents the report of the project. Art + Bioethics is based on an interdisciplinary and collaborative strategy that paired six young bioethics researchers with six emerging artists to share and shed new light on a variety of ethical issues related to health. These artist-researcher duos each developed a work and an essay on a common theme. Our goal was to break down barriers between art and academic research in bioethics and to create hybrids and new forms of dissemination, education, experimentation and meeting. The expression of bioethics through art represents an innovative way to transmit the sensitive aspect of so many ethical issues of health and well-being. Through its various components, Art + Bioethics was able to join several hundred people and engage in ethical reflection on issues that are at the heart of our society.

Keyphrases: art, interdisciplinarité, bioethics, research, knowledge transfer, interdisciplinarity
Le script de l'intervention policière auprès des personnes en état mental perturbé : déroulement et facteurs de l'usage de force par les policiers

Context and objectives. The use of force by police officers toward individuals in a state of mental disturbance is at the heart of many debates. The actual unfolding of the police interventions, and the transformation of a situation into one requiring the use of force are also amongst current concerns. Collaborating with the Sherbrooke Police Department (Québec), this two-parts project first considers drawing up the script of police interventions with people in state of mental disturbance. Then, it identifies elements that affect the use of force. Methodology. Data was collected from event reports and database on police information (n=130). Details about the environment, the policemen's actions, and the individual's reaction were noted. Descriptive and comparative analyses were then conducted. Results. The script of police interventions with individual in a state of mental disturbance is organized in 8 phases according to the usual script model, from the preparation to intervene, then the intervention itself, to the follow-ups of the intervention. The most important factors to diminish the use of intermediary or armed force are: officers look for an alternative solution to the use of force; someone entertaining a good relationship with the individual is on location; the individual cooperates; and the use of force was first initiated by the officers. The elements augmenting the risks of intermediary or armed force are: a high average of violent behaviours displayed by the individual; the fact no communication was possible with the individual; the fact the officers had to be strict; and when the individual refuses to cooperate. Conclusion and implications for prevention. Drawing up scripts for the police interventions with individuals in a state of mental disturbance allows a better understanding of the intervention's process and it allows noting the importance of interactions between the different actors of the script. The individual's actions considerably affect the officers' decisions leading to the use of force, or rather allow for the situation to be resolved without force. The results and the method used can be considered for police training, and for administrative measures regarding safety matters.

Keyphrases: script, use of force, intervention policière, police, police intervention, mental disturbance, mental health, crisis
Flesh & Foil

This poem reflects on the possibility of human enhancement. It shows that if enhancements are embraced step-by-step, without any long-term vision, one might get lost along the way.

Keyphrases: amélioration biomédicale, chair, biomedical enhancement, enhancement technologies, ship of Theseus, foil, flesh, metallic scales
A Study of the Behavioural and Affective Profile of Inpatient Adolescent Girls Presenting a Restrictive Anorexia Nervosa

Eating Disorders (ED) are recognized as the third most common chronic illness among adolescents (Herpertz-Dahlmann, 2015; Rosen, 2003). Evolution of ED is known to be heterogenous in between patients, but prognosis seems more favourable when the disorder appears at adolescence (Steinhausen, 2002; 2009). The study of individual difficulties seems like an interesting avenue to refine our understanding of the psychological functioning of those suffering from ED. This study aimed to: (1) Describe the behavioural and affective profile of inpatient adolescent girls with a restricting type of Anorexia Nervosa (ANR) ; (2) Investigate the presence of a relationship between the behavioural and affective difficulties measured and the intensity of the disorder; (3) Examine the presence of a relationship between the individual problems and weight gain during inpatient treatment. The sample consisted of 52 inpatient adolescent girls presenting an ANR. The Youth Self Report assessed the behavioural and affective difficulties, while the Eating Disorder Risk Composite was used as the indicator of the intensity of the disorder. A ratio between Body Mass Index (BMI) at admission and at the end of hospitalization was calculated to measure weight gain during treatment. The sample was characterized by an average internalized profile of individual difficulties that reached the clinical threshold. Three different profiles of problems were found within the sample: (1) normative, (2) pure internalizing, (3) mixed (with difficulties that differed from norms on both the internalizing and externalizing clusters). Strong positive correlations were found between individual characteristics and intensity of the disorder, whereas a moderate and negative association was found between weight gain and the externalizing features measured. The internalized profile of difficulties found for the sample (particularly elevated for anxious and depressed problems) seems consistent with previous studies on comorbidities for adolescent ED. This description provides information on the heterogeneity of this specific population, which is otherwise quite similar, hence giving strength to the idea of a global assessment of the functioning of the adolescent at admission and an individualized form of treatment that takes into consideration the specific difficulties reported by the patient. Significant correlations were found between results on the YSR and on the EDRC which proposes that the more important the symptoms of the ANR are, the more affected the functioning of the adolescent will be for the emotional and behavioural problems measured. Finally, results show that girls presenting higher levels of externalized difficulties were those who gained less weight during treatment, which seems to demonstrate that certain treatment strategies could benefit more certain types of patients.

Keyphrases: anorexie restrictive, adolescence, Youth Self Report, Restrictive anorexia, Emotional and behavioural problems, BMI