NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Une analyse descriptive des facteurs pré-crime recensés au sein d'un échantillon d'agresseurs sexuels de femmes

The main objective of this master’s thesis was to provide a clear and exhaustive overview of pre-crime factors identified in a sample of 37 convicted rapists. This approach is closely related to the study of pathways to sexual offending.   While undergoing a relapse prevention program, the participants had to identify several emotionally significant life events having occurred within a 2-year period preceding the sexual crime(s) for which they have been convicted. A total of 339 life events were collected. For each life event, there is a 6-step behavioral chain: 1) "specific situations" constituting the life event; 2) "cognitions" associated with these specific situations; 3) "emotional states" initiated by these cognitions; 4) "fantasies" triggered by these emotional states; 5) "behaviors" adopted in response to these fantasies and; 6) "consequences" resulting from these behaviors. Qualitative accounts of the behavioural chains were then quantitatively codified so they can be easily analyzed.   Our results showed that specific conflicts with the partner and alcohol and/or drug use were the most frequently reported emotionally significant life events having occurred in the pre-crime phase. The most commonly described cognitions associated with the specific life event situations were pessimism and feeling sorry for oneself (self-pity). Hostility, depression and anxiety were the main feelings characterizing the emotional states initiated by the cognitive processes. Sexual aggression and nonsexual violence were the most prevalent fantasies triggered by the emotional states. Alcohol and/or drug use and not expressing one’s emotions, point of view or needs were the most frequently reported behaviors in response to the fantasies. Finally, the main consequences resulting from one’s behaviors were the accumulation of negative cognitions and/or emotions and the presence of deviant sexual fantasies.

Keyphrases: Sexual aggression, Rapists, Pre-crime factors, Pathways to sexual offending
Évaluation du rôle modérateur de l’intégration des Relations d’Objet dans la relation entre l’Urgence Négative et les comportements impulsifs dirigés contre soi et autrui

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by negative Urgency, one of the impulsivity facets. However the model of personality traits can’t explain the varieties of expression and severity of impulsive behaviors which can be directed against self or others in BPD. Integrating the object relations model with the personality traits leads to an improved understanding of this variability. In object relations theory, identity diffusion is specific to borderline organization. It is characterized by a lack of integration of the conceptions of self and others derived from an excessive split between positive and negative affects invested in self and others images. This diffusion is associated with  a deficit of  Ego and Superego structures. Level of identity integration would modulate the relationship between high negative urgency and the forms and severity of impulsive behaviors. This study is the first to evaluate this hypothesis. Data collected from students sample have not demonstrated any moderating effect because of some limitations in the study. Nevertheless, the Identity diffusion index was as expected negatively correlated with many variables related to impulsivity such as borderline impulsivity (r=-.23), physical aggression (r=-.31), urgency trait (r=-.31) and acting out (r=-30). However, this hypothesis needs to be tested with larger samples.

Keyphrases: Borderline disorder, Impulsivity, Negative Urgency, Object relations, Identity
L’influence réciproque qu’exerce la pratique conjointe de la composition de musique à l’image et de la composition de musique de concert sur le développement de mon langage musical

This master’s thesis is the result of two years of studies in composition at the University of Montreal. Through my work, I have sought to develop a musical language of my own that is rooted in tradition and inspired by our vast tonal heritage. I use a mostly triad-based harmonic language while also borrowing from other techniques from time to time. Moreover, I have attempted to bring together my work as a concert composer and as a film music composer by showing how my compositional approach shares many common characteristics no matter the genre of music. These common features range from the way a piece is organized to how the form is underlined by musical means. To a lesser extent, harmonic and contrapuntal techniques might also be common elements. For instance, I have often been using the leitmotiv (a musical item that is associated with an on-screen element in film music) in the same way I use motives (the smallest elements of musical meaning one can perceive) as a mean of structuring my concert compositions. To make my point, I have analyzed and discussed many examples of nine of my works from both the concert or film music genres.

Keyphrases: contrepoint, concert music, film music, harmony, counterpoint, musical form, neoromantism, neotonality
Facial artery musculomucosal flap for reconstruction of skull base defects

Facial Artery Musculomucosal Flap in Skull Base Reconstruction  Xie L. MD, Lavigne F. MD, Rahal A. MD, Moubayed SP MD, Ayad T. MD  Introduction: Failure in skull base defects reconstruction can have serious consequences such as meningitis and pneumocephalus. The nasoseptal flap is usually the first choice but alternatives are necessary when this flap is not available. The facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap has proven to be successful in head and neck reconstruction but it has never been reported in skull base reconstruction.   Objective: To show that the FAMM flap can reach some key areas of the skull base and be considered as a new alternative in skull base defects reconstruction.   Methods: We conducted a cadaveric study with harvest of modified FAMM flaps, endoscopic skull base dissection and maxillectomies in 13 specimens. Measures were taken for each harvested FAMM flap.  Results: The approximate mean area for reconstruction from the combination of the distal FAMM and the extension flaps is 15.90 cm2. The flaps successfully covered the simulated defects of the frontal sinus, the ethmoid areas, the planum sphenoidale, and the sella turcica.   Conclusion: The FAMM flap can be considered as a new alternative in the reconstruction of skull base defects. Modifications add extra length to the traditional FAMM flap and can contribute to a tighter seal of the defect as opposed to the FAMM flap alone.

Keyphrases: Skull base reconstruction, FAMM flap, Cerebrospinal fluid leak, Musculomucosal flap, Facial artery
Modulation du réflexe acoustique de sursaut et de l’inhibition par le prépulse : une comparaison entre les jeunes adultes et les âgés

Aging is often characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities and a loss of inhibitory function. At the same time there is promising, yet limited to date, evidence of a better emotion regulation with aging. In order to characterize the effect of age on inhibitory function and emotions, in this study the well-known acoustic startle paradigm and its inhibition by a prepulse, a phenomenon known to engage sensorimotor gating, were used. The acoustic startle reflex, a whole-body reflex in response to a loud and unexpected sound, was measured through eye blink magnitude and latency. The inhibition of this acoustic startle response by the presentation of a weak sound, a prepulse, was also measured. Two groups of 30 adults (young and older adults) viewed pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) while startle and prepulse trials were presented. The results show that the startle response is differently modulated in the two groups, with the elderly displaying a greater startle reflex while viewing pleasant and neutral pictures compared to young adults. Prepulse inhibition is also differently modulated by emotions in young adults and their older counterparts, with the latter exhibiting a greater inhibition of the startle reflex when viewing pleasant and unpleasant pictures (but not for neutral pictures) compared to young adults. In summary, the present data do not support a decline of the inhibitory function with increasing age, but rather support a positivism effect.

Keyphrases: International affective picture system, Acoustic startle reflex, Emotion, Aging, Prepulse inhibition, Sensory motor gating, Eye blink
Progrès vers la synthèse totale de la calyciphylline B

The Daphniphyllum alkaloids constitute a broad class of natural products isolated from a genus of evergreen plants extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. These alkaloids display an impressive range of biological activities, including antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and even anticancer properties. Calyciphylline B is a structurally unique member of this family containing seven contiguous stereocenters including an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter with a fused-hexacyclic ring scaffold. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR techniques. Despite the sparse availability of information on its biological activity, its synthesis is undoubtedly a great challenge for synthetic chemists. The research group of Prof. Hanessian embarked on the total synthesis of calyciphylline B in 2010 and the project is still ongoing. A new route was developed for the preparation of an advanced azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane intermediate. This thesis summarizes the research work of the author on the progress made for the synthetic route developed by the Hanessian group. The work done includes the formation of a quaternary stereocenter, alkylation of an enolate using a secondary alkyl triflate, diastereoselective reduction, reductive cyclization, and a regioselective Wacker oxidation.

Keyphrases: Calyciphylline B, inversion de configuration, pyrrolidine bicyclique, Calyciphylline B, total synthesis, chiron approach, quaternary stereocenter, enolate alkylation, reductive amination, SN2 displacement, inversion of configuration, bicyclic pyrrolidine
Simulation des fonctions de texture bidirectionnelles

The realism of objects in computer graphics requires adequate simulation of their appearence under different light/view directions and at various scales. A solution commonly adopted by researchers consists in measuring the reflectance of a real surface by means of calibrated devices. The measured data is encoded in the form of a reflectance model (BRDF) or a texture of reflectance (BTF). Despite significant progress in this area, the measured appearence data remain very infrequently used. This reluctance could be explained by two main reasons: (1) the limited number of high-quality measured materials and (2) the huge storage space required by the data. In this work, we suggest resolving these two problems from the angle of simulation. We consider that the level of realism in rendered images already produces satisfactory results with current techniques. Therefore, we propose to precompute and encode the effects of lighting on a completely synthetic micro-geometry, which will be applied on surfaces. This production pipeline being already well adopted by artists, it should better fit into their realizations. To ensure that this model also respects the requirements of multi-scale representations, we also propose an adaptation of the BTF to a MIP map encoding.

Keyphrases: BTF, BRDF, simulation, compression, silhouette, MIP map, surface appearance, mesoscopic geometry
It runs in the family : the Bradfords, print, and liberty (1680-1810)

Based on the family history of the Bradfords, one of America’s most celebrated printing dynasties, this thesis studies the interplay between print, printers, and various discourses on freedom during of the long 18th century and through the colonial, revolutionary, and early republican periods. It traces the transition between an era of the “speech of freedom,” born out of the colonial debates on the freedom of speech and press, and an era of the “freedom of speech,” born in the course of the Revolution and upheld during the early republic. This transition resulted from the transformation of the contemporaries’ discourse on liberty, but also had to do with the transformation of the printing trade and print culture. As a result of the political, social, economic, and cultural circumstances of the colonial, revolutionary, and early republican periods, American print and printers were led to disseminate and to contribute to the discourse on liberty. They thus established a strong association between print and freedom in the 18th-century print culture, an association which was destined to be transmitted to the following centuries.

Keyphrases: Printers, Book history, Print culture, Newspapers, Public opinion, 18th century
Adaptation aux changements induits aux indices spectraux de l’audition spatiale chez l’humain

Spatial hearing contributes greatly to speech understanding in noisy environments. Hearing aids disturb all of the acoustic cues necessary for accurate sound localization and thus negate some of their benefits. This study addressed behavioral adaptation to changes in auditory spatial cues caused by changes similar to those induced by hearing aids. Spectral cues (HRTFs) were distorted by changing the shape of the outer ear with silicon molds. The present experiment was aimed at determining the perceptual modalities (visual, spectral or tactile) that might enable the switch from the modified to the original HRTFs once the molds were removed. Results indicate that participants were able to adapt within four training sessions. Participants immediately showed accurate sound localization when ear molds were removed. It was not possible to conclude whether the perceptual feedbacks had a major impact on the choice of the correct set of HRTFs to use. Adaptation to the modified HRTFs lasted weeks after their removal.

Keyphrases: Adaptation, Perception, Adaptation, Spatial localization, Hearing, Perceptual modalities, Plasticity
Procrastination et faiblesse de la volonté : Agentivité, temporalité et défaillances de la rationalité pratique

Even if procrastination is extremely widespread, it is still rarely the subject of philosophical study. Conversely, weakness of the will and the various phenomena which are related to it are still extensively studied as paradigmatic cases of failure of our practical rationality.  However, procrastination seems to be a failure of our practical rationality related to our relationship with time, a relationship that is often overlooked in the study of weakness of will. After presenting, in the first chapter, the major phenomena associated with weakness of will and the issues they raise, we will examine their relationship with procrastination in the second chapter. We'll see how procrastination, with its emphasis on the temporal nature of our agency helps us to better understand and explain the issues raised by weakness of will by inserting them in a broader explanatory framework.

Keyphrases: Procrastination, Incontinence, Intention, Philosophy, Procrastination, Weakness, Will, Akrasia, Agency, Temporal, Practical rationality
Polymères de coordination et éponge cristalline : de nouveaux matériaux pour la conversion de l’énergie solaire et la résolution de la structure cristalline de composés huileux

It is well known that the self-assembly of small molecules into macromolecular species gives rise to an amplification and amelioration of their general properties. A first section on self-assembly will emphasize the acquired experience during an internship in Tokyo, Japan, in Pr. Makoto Fujita’s research group, a worldwide Figure in the area of self-assembly. Concomitant with the latest results obtained in Pr. Fujita research group on the self-assembly of molecular sponges, studies on molecular sponges with functionalized cavities will be presented. Such sponges were used to encapsulate fatty acids in order to determine their crystal structure. The sponges were characterized in different ways, such as 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, optical microscopy coupled with infrared detection as well as X-ray diffraction. Another path of investigation to gain good spectroscopic properties is to synthesize metallodendrimers. A new 1,3,5-triazine ligand was synthesized by a typical nitrile cyclization in the presence of sodium hydride. Mono-, bis- and trimetallic Ru(II) species as well as heterometallic Ru(II)/Pt(II) and Ru(II)/Os(II) complexes were synthesized. All the complexes were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C{1H} and Cosy NMR) in the liquid state, high-resolution mass spectrometry, elemental analysis as well as X-ray diffraction in some cases. Attempts to generate H2 with the heterometallic species as catalysts have been investigated. The optical and electronic properties were also investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, luminescence analysis, excited state lifetimes, quantum yield efficiency and cyclic voltammetry.Finally, with the goal of having enhance light absorption, we synthesized a series of homo- and heterometallic coordination polymers with a ligand of the “back-to-back” terpyridine type. The complexes obtained were characterized by various techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry as well as elementary analysis. The optical as well as the electronic properties were also investigated, using luminescence spectroscopy, excited state lifetime analysis, quantum yield determination and by cyclic voltammetry.

Keyphrases: Coordination polymer, crystalline sponge, light-harvesting antenna, self-assembly, dendrimer
Détermination de l’effet protecteur des liposomes non phospholipidiques à haute teneur en cholestérol

First, we demonstrate that it is possible to form non-phospholipid fluid bilayers in aqueous milieu with a mixture of palmitic acid (PA), cholesterol (Chol), and cholesterol sulfate (Schol) in a molar proportion of 30/28/42. These non-phospholipid liposomes can sustain a pH gradient (pHinternal 8 / pHexternal 6) 100 times longer than LUVs made of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and cholesterol (60/40 mol/mol). These non-phospholipid LUVs are shown to protect ascorbic acid from an oxidizing environment (1 mM Iron (III)). Once entrapped in these liposomes, ascorbic acid displays a degradation rate similar to that obtained in the absence of Iron (III). This ability illustrates the exceptionally limited permeability of these liposomes, indicating that they can present advantages as nanocontainers for some applications. Second, Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) were formed from a mixture of palmitic acid and cholesterol (30/70 mol/mol). These GUVs were stable over weeks, did not aggregate, and were pH-sensitive. In order to establish their formation, confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging was carried out. Two fluorescent probes were used: Nile Red, a hydrophobic probe that inserted in the hydrophobic core of lipid bilayers, and calcein, a hydrophilic probe that was trapped in the GUV internal pool. This approach allowed observation of both the walls of the GUVs as well as their entrapped content. These results show the possibility to form novel microcontainers from a mixture of a monoalkylated amphiphile and sterols.

Keyphrases: Fluorescence, Nanovectors, Liposomes, Sterol, Single-chain amphiphile, Permeability, pH gradient, Ascorbic acid, Giant unilamellar vesicles
Analyse de changements multiples : une approche probabiliste utilisant les réseaux bayésiens

Software maintenance is one of the most important phases in the software life cycle. After the development and deployment phases, maintenance is a continuous phase that lasts until removing the software from operation. It is then the most costly phase. Indeed, those costs are due to the difficulty of implementing different changes in the system and to manage their impacts. In this context, much research work has targeted the problem of change impact analysis/prediction. The existent approaches require many inputs that are difficult to extract. In this Master thesis, we propose a probabilistic approach that uses Bayesian classifiers to predict the change impact. These classifiers are trained with historical data about changes. The consider the relations between the elements of a system (input), and the dependencies between the occurred changes (output). More precisely, a complex change in a system is divided into a set of elementary changes. For each type of elementary change, we create a classifier. To predict the impact of complex change, the individual decisions of each classifier are combined using different strategies.  We evaluate our approach in two scenarios. In the first, we extract the learning data from the oldest versions of the same system. In the second scenario, the learn data comes from other systems to create the classifiers. This second scenario is interesting because it allows us to use our approach on systems without change histories.  Our approach showed that it can  predict the impact of elementary changes. The best results are obtained using the  classifiers based on conceptual relations. For the prediction of complex changes by the combination of elementary decisions, the results are encouraging considering the  few used inputs. More specifically, the voting method and the OR method predict better complex changes when the number of case to analyze is large. Otherwise, using the method Noisy-Or or its modified version is recommended when the number of cases is small.

Keyphrases: Software engineering, change impact, Bayesian classifier
Jean-Paul II et la communication sociale de l'Église catholique

John Paul II promoted the good use of the means of social communication to support the Catholic Church’s missionary activities in a rapidly secularizing world. Several authors that will be mentioned in this essay celebrate the positive relationship the Pope fostered with media and media professionals.  A re-reading of John Paul II’s texts leads us to the conclusion that he was concerned with the problems that the media entails. His use and understanding of the media were motivated largely by the obvious benefits they offered, which he employed to great advantage, but also by their harmful effects on the spread of the Gospel. Ambivalent, the Pope knows how to draw on the best practices and attempts to convince Catholics of the importance of all forms of media.  In the hope of clarifying this ambivalent relationship, this essay presents two questions to guide its analysis: 1. What are the problematic issues associated with the media implied in John Paul II’s reflections on the means of social communication? 2. What approaches did he use in response to these issues? In short, these questions allow us, at the very least, to examine some fundamental aspects of John Paul II’s views on social communications.

Keyphrases: communications sociales, Vatican II, social communications, theology of communication, medias problems, medias strategies, Catholic Church, ecclesiological models, modern areopagus