NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Examining the impact of trait anxiety on the recognition of facial emotional expressions

Question: This thesis describes a new database of facial emotional expressions; created specifically for eye-tracking and classification image experiments. This database serves as a basis for the second study, which explores the effect of trait anxiety on the perception of static facial emotional expressions. Methods: Actors were recruited to express facial emotional expressions. Thousands of 1-second movie clips that contained the least head movement and appeared genuine were extracted from the raw videos and selected for the validation. A total of 1088 clips (34 actors X 8 expressions X 4 exemplar) were spatially aligned so that facial features across the stimuli occupied the same space. They were also temporally aligned so that all clips began on the last neutral frame and truncated on the 15th frame (500ms). The last frame (apex) of the clips was extracted to form the static database. Two groups of participants validated the dynamic (N35) and static (N35) stimuli. The static images were used in the 2nd study where participants (N27) varying in trait anxiety were asked to recognize emotional faces, partially revealed through Gaussian apertures (Bubbles). Results: Study 1 describes the process by which the STOIC database was created. It showcases the 80 dynamic (and 80 static) emotional expressions (8 emotions X 10 actors) with the lowest entropy scores. Study 2 shows that trait anxiety is associated with performance and differential use of information. Anxious individuals use low spatial frequency (LSF) information from the mouth region and are better at recognizing negative emotions, especially fear and not anger. Discussion: This thesis presents a new and freely downloadable emotion recognition database containing static and dynamic stimuli. The database possesses unique characteristics that will make it useful to the scientific community and clinicians. We used the static images in the second study to establish a baseline and gain a better understanding about the use of information contained in faces to recognized emotional expressions. The next phase of the project will be to explore the effects of anxiety and depression on the perception of dynamic expressions. We speculate that the use of LSF information in our anxious group disambiguated fear from surprise and led to better performance for that emotion. In addition, we think the overlap between anxiety and depression, which was associated with better performances, may be attributed to concept of neuroticism.

Keyphrases: Emotion, Bubbles, Trait anxiety, Facial emotional expression
Évaluation de deux méthodes d’identification des liens lexicaux : méthode manuelle et méthode statistique

This paper presents an evaluation of the various methods used in lexicography in order to identify the lexical bonds in dictionaries where collocations are indexed. We compared the contents of entries of the DiCo, a dictionary of semantic derivatives and collocations created according to the principles of explanatory and combinative lexicology, with the lists of cooccurrents generated automatically from the Le Monde 2002 corpus. Our objective here is to propose improvement in the methodology of creation of dictionary entry of DiCo-like dictionaries, i.e., dictionaries of a qualitative approach, where collocation is defined as the recurring and arbitrary associations between two lexical items and where the principal methodological tools used are the linguistic ability of its lexicographers and the manual consultation of corpus of text. The consultation of lists of cooccurrents is a practice associated traditionally with a quantitative lexicographical approach, which defines collocation as an association between two lexical items, which is more frequent, in a corpus, than what could be expected if these two lexical items were randomly distributed in corpus. We want to evaluate in what respect the tools used traditionally in a quantitative approach can be used for the creation of lexicographical entries of a qualitative approach, and how their use can be integrated into the current methology of creation of these entries.

Keyphrases: collocations, collocations, lexical function, Explanatory Combinatorial Lexicology, lexical statistics, Meaning-Text theory
Analyse comparative de l’utilisation des ouvrages de référence chez des étudiants
bilingues en traduction et en droit dans le domaine du droit pénal

The main goal of this paper is to observe the translation process of a legal text translated by two groups of students: five undergraduate students in translation, and four in the LLB. First, we analyze the differences between the two groups in their use of reference material. Among other aspects, we observe the overall diversity of reference material consulted and previous knowledge of paper reference material, its use by type (bilingual dictionary, monolingual or others), by media (electronic or paper), the use of spellcheckers, the intensity of research and, finally, the first reference material consulted by type and support. These data were collected by using the think-aloud method and by recording the computer screen with a screen recording software: WebEx. Then, we evaluate the quality of the translations by distinguishing between two types of errors, translation errors and language errors. We then try to establish links between the use of reference material and translation quality. We observed that the two groups used reference material differently and that the translators seemed better equipped than the lawyers to deliver a better translation.

Keyphrases: Legal translation, Translation process, Reference material, Translation quality
Exploration des schèmes de pensée chez les adolescents agresseurs sexuels 
au Centre de psychiatrie légale de Montréal

The current project examined the presence of schemas in a group of juvenile sexual offenders. This study took place within the context of a clinical practicum (for the Masters Degree in Clinical Criminology) at the Centre de psychiatrie légale de Montréal. The objectives of the placement were to develop knowledge of the clinical environment and integrate theoretical knowledge into clinical practice. The project investigated the cognitions, in the form of implicit theories, of a sample of juvenile sexual offenders. The My life questionnaire (Mann, 2004) and an interview schedule developed by Beech and al. (2007) revealed a number of implicit theories related to sexually offending behavior among these youths. Theoretical and treatment implications of the findings are discussed.2

Keyphrases: juvenile sex offender, implicit theories
"The fertility transition in Kenya : patterns and determinants"

In spite of considerable research on Kenya’s fertility, questions remain. This dissertation examines three of these issues - the national and sub-national trend patterns in the country’s fertility and related proximate determinants, factors in the transitions to second and third conceptions, and the determinants of contraceptive use. Results, presented below, are based upon data which comprised five sample surveys conducted between 1977 and 2003 among women of reproductive age, as well as a community and health facility survey implemented in 1999. First, an exploratory analysis of trends in fertility and its proximate determinants shows that a pattern of later family formation and of a higher level of fertility control is associated with the more modernized and developed regions (urban areas and rural Central Province). Secondly, using survival analysis, the relative hazards of transition to the second and third conceptions for the 12-year periods during which fertility fell rapidly (1977-1989) and the pace of decline reduced (1991-2003) are compared. Among the findings, although child survival has significant effects during both periods, its influence is more pronounced during the recent period. Thirdly, multivariate analysis of the determinants of contraceptive use shows that motivation for fertility control is significant, while access to family planning services is not. That proximity to family planning services might nevertheless be important is shown by the significance of exposure to family planning messages, many of which are often communicated from the health facilities.  This dissertation makes contributions in three areas. One, it confirms the dichotomy in the pattern of fertility change and its proximate determinants in the country, not so much along the usual rural-urban separation, but rather between urban areas and rural Central versus the rest of rural Kenya. Two, it shows that the decreased pace of the fertility transition in Kenya, including constant fertility over 1998-2003, might be associated with the rise in infant and child mortality since the 1990s. Three, it shows the significance of education, motivation for fertility control, and exposure to media messages about family planning in contraceptive use, thereby pointing out where policy and program effort should be directed in order to sustain the fertility transition.

Keyphrases: Kenya, Motivation, Probit
Identification du gène Anoctamine 5 responsable d'une nouvelle forme récessive de dystrophie musculaire des ceintures

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) encompass a broad spectrum of muscular dystrophies in which the initial weakness arises in proximal muscles. We previously described in French-Canadian (FC) families a new form of LGMD characterized by asymmetrical quadriceps femoris atrophy, named LGMD2L, which we mapped to chromosome 11p12-p13 using linkage analyses. The objectives of this thesis project were to refine the candidate interval, identify and characterize the LGMD2L gene.  Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) homozygosity mapping in a large consanguineous family, we narrowed down the LGMD2L candidate interval to a region on chromosome 11p14.3-p15.1, and identified three mutations in the Anoctamin 5 (ANO5) gene located in the interval. These mutations consisted of a missense, a one-bp duplication and a splice site mutation. We demonstrated that the latter two triggered the nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway. In addition, we identified ANO5 mutations in cases affected by a non-dysferlin Miyoshi muscular dystrophy mapped also to chromosome 11, termed MMD3. In two MMD3 families of European descent, patients presented with calf weakness as the initial symptoms, sometimes evolving to quadriceps atrophy. Fibroblasts from one MMD3 family were shown to be defective for membrane repair.  ANO5 localization and function in muscle are unknown, but it is a member of the conserved Anoctamin family of proteins with eight transmembrane domains, of which some function as calcium-activated chloride channel. Our immunofluorescence studies on longitudinal muscle sections suggest that ANO5 is not importantly localized to the sarcolemma, but rather to a structure following the Z-line. To our surprise, this localization was preserved for a LGMD2L patient homozygous for the splice site mutation, previously considered as a null mutation. By studying the splicing isoforms in this patient, we observed that skipping of exon 15 occurs on a proportion of transcripts, in addition to the aberrant splicing caused by the mutation. This alternative splicing event would recover the reading frame, thus underlining the complexity of ANO5 splicing and suggesting that LGMD2L could be the consequence of a partial, rather than complete, loss-of-function.   Subsequent studies by other groups have shown that anoctaminopathies 5 are a common cause of adult-onset LGMD. Our discovery of ANO5 mutations has shed light on a new class of proteins important for the muscle biology and opened new research avenues to study how defective membrane repair progresses into muscular dystrophies.

Keyphrases: Muscular dystrophy, LGMD, ANO5, Anoctamin, Homozygosity mapping
Un modèle explicatif des niveaux de réglementation des États américains en matière de production de gaz à effet de serre

This paper contributes to the state policy adoption literature by studding the legislative response of the American states to global warming. We quantitatively test hypotheses drawn from internal determinants models of policy adoption to explain why some states are leaders and other laggards in climate change. Our dependent variable is a grouping of all the important types of measures adopted by states to limit the production of greenhouse gases in six categories. To explain the number of measures adopted by each state, we include in our model economic, political and geographic variables that have an impact on the adoption of climate change policies. The results show that the strongest explanatory factors are the presence of an ideologically liberal population and of strong environmental interest groups.

Keyphrases: United States of America, American States, state policy adoption, climate change, greenhouse gas, internal determinants
Génération efﬁcace de graphes d’appels dynamiques complets

Code analysis is used to verify code functionality, detect bugs or improve its performance. Analyzing the code can be done either statically or dynamically. Approaches combining both analysis techniques are most appropriate for industrial-scale applications where each one individually cannot provide the desired results. Blended analysis, for example, ﬁrst applies dynamic analysis to identify problematic code regions and then performs a focused static analysis on these regions. However, the existing dynamic analysis tools generate inaccurate or incomplete data, or result in an unacceptably slow execution times. In this work, we focus on the generation of complete dynamic call graphs with additional information required for blended analysis. We make use of dynamic instrumentation techniques of Java bytecode to extract information about call sites and object creation sites, and to build the dynamic call graph of the program. We demonstrate that it is possible to proﬁle real-world applications to efﬁciently extract complete and accurate information. Performance measurement of our proﬁler on three sets of benchmarks with various workloads places the overhead of our proﬁler between 2.01 and 6.42. Our proﬁling tool generating complete dynamic graphs, named dyko, is also an extensible platform for evaluating new instrumentation approaches. We tested a new adaptive instrumentation technique for object creation sites which accommodates instrumentation to the bytecode of each method. We also tested the impact of call sites resolution on the overall performance of the proﬁler.

Keyphrases: Profialge, Proﬁling, code analysis, dynamic analysis, dynamic instrumentation
Perception d’effort et de mise en charge et asymétrie motrice lors du passage assis à debout chez le sujet hémiparétique

Weight-bearing (WB) asymmetry during sit-to-stand (STS) in hemiparetic individuals is frequently observed in clinical practice but it has never been well explained. The aim of this project, therefore, was to develop our knowledge of the factors accounting for the WB asymmetry in this population by focusing more specifically on the relationship between the knee effort distribution during the STS task and the WB asymmetry observed as well as on the perception of these two elements during this task. Thus, the general objectives were to: 1) determine whether the spontaneous asymmetrical execution of the STS task in hemiparetic subjects can be explained by a symmetrical distribution of the efforts at the knees by quantifying these efforts using the Electromyographic Muscular Utilization Ratio (EMUR) and, 2) determine whether these hemiparetic individuals are aware of their motor strategies by evaluating their perception of both knee effort and WB distributions during the STS task. The first study evaluated the capacity of hemiparetic persons to perceive their WB distribution at their lower limbs during the STS task. Compared to the healthy participants, their WB distribution was more asymmetrical and they showed greater errors in perception. The second study quantified the distribution of efforts at the knees among healthy and hemiparetic subjects during a spontaneous STS task. Both groups showed an association between their WB distribution and their distribution of efforts but the relationship was not as strong in the hemiparetic group. Dividing the hemiparetic participants into subgroups, according to their knee extensors’ strength asymmetries (mild, moderate, severe), revealed symmetrical knee efforts between sides for the severe group. The third study determined whether hemiparetic individuals’ perception of their knee effort distribution was related to their real distribution of efforts measured during STS tasks performed in various foot positions. Not only were they unable to perceive the changes in the distribution of effort induced by the different foot positions but their errors in perception of effort were greater than in WB. With the use of the five-repetition sit-to-stand test, the last study determined the influence of the number of repetitions of the STS on the distributions of WB and effort at the knees among healthy and hemiparetic subjects. Unlike the controls, the distributions of the hemiparetic subjects were more asymmetrical at the first repetition of the functional test than in the single spontaneous execution of the STS. To summarize, the results of this thesis showed that the distribution of efforts at the knees should be considered among other factors explaining the WB asymmetry of hemiparetic individuals during STS and that there is a need to better document the perception of hemiparetic persons when they execute functional tasks.

Keyphrases: Stroke, Hemiparesis, Effort distribution, Weight-bearing distribution, Perception of effort, Perception of weight -bearing, Repeated activity
Étude longitudinale du lien entre la satisfaction intrinsèque et la satisfaction
extrinsèque au travail et l’intention de quitter chez les travailleurs du secteur des
TIC

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction on workers’ intention to quit. In order to investigate this subject, we have formulated three hypotheses based on the theory of expectations and two-factor theory. The first hypothesis states that intrinsic satisfaction decreases worker’s intention to quit. The second hypothesis stipulates that extrinsic satisfaction decreases worker’s intention to quit. The last hypothesis states that intrinsic satisfaction has a stronger influence on worker’s intention to quit than extrinsic satisfaction. In order to test our hypotheses, we used data collected in a larger study on “ the links between compensation, training and skills development attracting and retaining key employees “. The data were collected in an organization in information technology and telecommunications sector located in Montreal. Newly hired employees were invited to answer the survey. The results of our study confirm two hypotheses. Indeed, our results indicate that intrinsic satisfaction decreases worker’s intention to quit within six months, one year and two years. Moreover, our results show that intrinsic satisfaction has more influence on intention to quit than extrinsic satisfaction. However, our results indicate that extrinsic satisfaction decreases only intention to quit within one year and two years and has no significant influence on intention to quit within six months. Perceived organizational support also has an important influence on worker’s intention to quit. Finally, the conclusion of this study presents how our results can be interesting for human resources and industrial relations managers.

Keyphrases: Job satisfaction, Intrinsic satisfaction, Extrinsic satisfaction, Intention to quit, Employee turnover
Analyse sémio-narrative d'un corpus de contes merveilleux du Québec

This memoir proposes a semio-narrative analysis of a nineteen-fairy tales corpus collected among French-Canadian and Huron-Canadian storytellers by the anthropologist Charles-Marius Barbeau at the beginning of the XXth century. Firstly, we present the major theories used in the semiotic approach of a fairy tale, starting with Vladimir Propp’s up to the present-day ones; then, by following the method of the great Russian folklorist, we carried out a narrative study of the corpus, which allows us to see both its exceptional value and its limits. Thus, the analysis of a different corpus may lead us to identify new elements in the structure of the fairy tale. Pursuing our research into the nineteen fairy tales of Barbeau’s corpus, we move from the linear, syntagmatic of Propp’s pattern to the logical models of his followers, especially the one developed by Guy Laflèche. Our analyses prove the validity of the mirror-image model that some fairy tales perfectly comply to; thus, the hegemony of Propp’s method is questioned, maybe even invalidated. Furthermore, they prove that every fairy tale is exceptionally well organized, structured (confirming Claude Bremond’s theory according to which a narrative is an alternation of deteriorations and improvements). Finally, the last part of the memoir is a semio-discursive analysis of our corpus that, instead of being a simple accumulation of lists of words, expressions and figures, it tries to tackle the ideological structure through a parallel study of an oral fairy tale and two literary versions.

Keyphrases: Conte oral, Vladimir Propp, Fairy tale, Oral fairy tale, French-Canadian fairy tale, Vladimir Propp, Narrative Study, Semiotic analysis
"Rien que de très banal" : l'expérience urbaine chez Michel Beaulieu

This M.A. thesis concerns the urban experience in Michel Beaulieu’s collections of poems Kaléidoscope ou Les aléas du corps grave and Trivialités. Il aims to show that the city guides the poet towards the narrative genre within the poem. The first chapter shows that in Kaléidoscope the poetic subject transforms his perception of his hometown, Montreal, by developing a unique « vision » that allows him to experiment a kaleidoscopic temporality, which generates a narrative in the poem. The second chapter discusses the mental journey that, in Trivialités, the poetic subject performs in his hometown in order to understand the main events of his life. The last chapter, in studying the enunciation, explores how the insertion of the narrative in the poem forces us to reconsider the nature of the poetic subject by breaking the boundaries of autobiogray and lyricism.

Keyphrases: Michel Beaulieu, Poetry, Quebec poetry, Michel Beaulieu, City in literature, Literary genres