Effet de la N-acétylcystéine sur la dysfonction endothéliale des artères coronaires épicardiques associée à une hypertrophie ventriculaire gauche dans un modèle porcin

Beneficial effect of N-acetylcysteine on endothelial dysfunction of epicardial coronary arteries associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in a porcine model  A.A. HORN, M-C AUBIN, YF SHI, J-C TARDIF, M. CARRIER , L. P. PERRAULT MONTREAL HEART INSTITUTE, MONTREAL, CANADA   Objective : In our left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) model, endothelial dysfunction is secondary to a reduced bioavailability of NO caused by increased oxidative stress demonstrated by Malo and al. (2003) and Aubin and al. (2006). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of chronic administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol drug with antioxidant properties, on the coronary endothelial dysfunction associated with LVH.  Design and method: LVH was induced by aortic banding (AB) on swine for a two-month period. Twenty-one 8-week-old Landrace male swine were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups. The sham group (group 1) was submitted to a thoracotomy without aortic banding (AB). The untreated aortic banded group (group 2) was kept for 60 days. The first AB treated group (group 3) received 1000mg/day of NAC per os for 60 days starting on the day of the surgery. The second AB treated group (group 4) received the same oral dose of NAC for 30 days starting on day 30. Hypertrophy was assessed by echocardiography. Coronary vascular reactivity was evaluated in organ chambers, by the construction of concentration-response curves to serotonin                   (5-HT: relaxations mediated by 5-HT1D receptors, coupled to Gi proteins) and bradykinin (BK: relaxations mediated by B2 receptors, coupled to Gq proteins). Levels of nitrite/nitrate and basal cGMP levels were measured to evaluate endothelial dysfunction. Finally, to assess oxidative stress, plasma lipid hydroperoxide levels (LPO), reduced glutathione as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide  dismutase were measured.  Results: The LV mass/ body weight ratio was significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 confirming the development of LVH (p<0.05). The latter was found to be associated with a significant endothelial dysfunction. NAC did prevent LVH development in group 3 and attenuated its progression in group 4 (p<0.05). Concentration response curves to NAC showed improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxations to serotonin and to bradykinin (p<0.05). NAC treatment markedly improved maximal relaxations mediated by serotonin and bradykinin in both treated groups (p<0.05). The observed improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxations was supported by the increase of the bioavailability of NO for smooth muscle cells as suggested by the increase of the nitrite/nitrate ratio and the basal production of cGMP in groups 3 and 4 in comparison to group 2 (p<0.05). The increase of this relaxing factor could result from an increase of its production by endothelial cells or by a decrease of its neutralization by reactive oxygenated species. The lowering of LPO levels was accompanied by a higher glutathione concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in both NAC treated groups compared to group 2 (p<0.05). Conclusions: NAC treatment demonstrated potent antioxidant properties in this porcine LVH model by slowing LVH development and restoring coronary endothelium-dependent relaxations.

Keyphrases: Endothelial dysfunction, Antioxidant, Left ventricular hypertrophy, Oxidative stress