NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
François Caron et la permanence des représentations françaises du Japon entre le XVIe et le XVIIIe siècle

From 1635 onward, Tokugawa Japan closed itself to any type of foreign trade, with the establishment of the isolationist policy of sakoku, and only merchants operating on behalf of the Dutch East India Company were permitted to trade in the country, on a limited basis. It was in this context that the True Description of the Mighty Kingdoms of Japan and Siam was written, in 1636, by a Protestant Dutch merchant known as François Caron. The work, a brief administrative document, which was not initially intended for publication, was a great success from its first publication in 1661, and was translated into several languages. As part of this thesis, we will study the impact of the True Description on perceptions of the Japanese in 17th century France, through the rich descriptions made by its author of the society and culture of Edo Japan. To do this, we will first analyze the writings of the Jesuits, who were the first to build a particular image of the Japanese and to have a lasting influence on the way they were described and perceived. Secondly, we will analyze in detail the content of the True Description in order to determine the image that a Dutch merchant of the 17th century may have had of Japan and its people. As a conclusion, we will examine the influence of the True Description on the way French authors wrote about Japan from the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the Enlightenment.

Keyphrases: France, François Caron, Mentalities, Perceptions, Otherness, Japan, Japanese, Seventeenth century
The socio-cultural interrelations and the socio-spatial dynamics between dogs and peoples in subarctic communities : the case of Kawawachikmach, Matimekush-Lac-John and Schefferville

The following research focuses on sociocultural relationships and sociospatial dynamics between humans and dogs in the Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach and in the Innu Nation of Matimekush-Lac John and the town of Schefferville. These communities face multiple issues related to dogs including the lack of veterinary services, coupled with issues related to canine overpopulation, and the transmission of zoonoses such as rabies from contact between dogs and wildlife. We examined the role of dogs and their keepers in these subarctic communities. We also explored how dogs impact the wellbeing of the population living in said communities and how keepers impact the wellbeing of dogs. Despite being described as a pet rather than a working dog, specific roles are assigned to dogs by research participants, particularly the provision of protection and companionship. However, the findings of the study indicate that keepers also plays an essential role, not only through protection and companionship, but also by tending to their dog(s). The evidence from this study suggests that dogs and their keepers have mutually beneficial relations. These research results suggest that the narrative portrayed through mainstream media outlets disregard the daily roles played by dogs and their Indigenous keepers within the communities of Kawawachikamach and Matimekush-Lac-John.

Keyphrases: First Nation, Subartic, Dogs, Wellness, Social inclusion, Participatory research
Le testament de Cassandre ; suivi de L’épreuve initiatrice, esthétique du sublime dans À travers un verger de Philippe Jaccottet et Les Amandiers de Thierry Hentsch

My goal in the following work, as much in the research component as the creative component, is to think the « experience » of the sublime. I say « experience » because the sublime is neither form nor content. It is the subjective act of grasping and surpassing our own limits as they manifest in the mind and body, specifically with regards to the faculty of understanding. Confronted with the frontiers of our imagination, we come to know our metaphysical calling and we seek to transcend it. This experience is paradoxical in the sense that it renders us vulnerable, while also strengthening and reinforcing us.  In my short story Le testament de Cassandre, I explore the challenge of coming to grips with the sublime. As the titular character traverses great suffering – the sublime’s tragic gift – she must choose between freedom from death or a lifetime with those she loves. Faced with this cruel choice, Cassandre prefers the cold embrace of nothingness to an eternity alone.     The sublime has no single domain, although there are spaces where it is more likely to emerge or to bloom. Writing in fragments (fragmentary writing) – a style that is at once organic and diffuse – is one of those spaces. Like the sublime, writing in fragments resists form while transmitting force and power. Hence the pertinence of studying this style and the sublime together in works where they are both present. It is from this perspective that my essay The Initiating Test: The Aesthetic of the Sublime in À travers un verger by Philippe Jaccottet and Les Amandiers by Thierry Hentsch, examines the fragmentary accounts of Jaccottet and Hentsch who, in the face of the unthinkable, admit to their own lassitude while simultaneously blaming their circumstances, only to gather themselves anew to be exposed once again.

Keyphrases: Philippe Jaccottet, Thierry Hentsch, Sublime, Aesthetic, Fragmentary writing, Challenge
Un endroit familier ; suivi de Le problème de la mémoire dans le portrait littéraire

Un endroit familier is made up of three literary portraits. The author highlights significant moments in the life of three members of his family : his maternal grandfather, who actively participated in an underground radio network in occupied France, in the 1940s; his paternal grandmother, who raised fourteen children in Saint-Joachim-de-Montmorency, and whose long life alone encompasses a vast segment of Quebec rurality of the last century; finally, there will be his maternal great-grandmother, whose husband died in the trenches of Champagne, during the First World War. Against the backdrop of the twentieth century’s enthusiasms and excesses, this gallery of portraits includes as well the more discreet, fragmented image of the author who seeks to better understand where he comes from. Looking for the other, aren't we always looking a little for ourselves ? The following essay, Le problème de la mémoire dans le portrait littéraire, discusses the use of documentary sources required by the genre, as well as the impact of the author's intentions on how those sources will be exploited. Then we will explore the degree of exclusivity of individual memory and the idea, drawn from the theory of postmemory, in particular, of a memory of traumas in which one’s memory becomes that of another. The essay ends with a reflection on the power of literature to bring out of the shadows, with their unsolved puzzles, those who came before us. What if there was first, at the heart of such a writing process, the need to live better with our dead ?

Keyphrases: portrait littéraire, trauma, literary portrait, self-portrait, postmemory, testimony, trauma, French Resistance, narrative, writing history, otherness
The "Effect of Education" on kinship ties in Jane Austen's Mansfield Park

Drawing on Mary Wollstonecraft’s and John Locke’s philosophies of female and childhood education, respectively, this thesis examines “the effect of education” (Austen 211) on kinship ties in Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park. Like many novelists and writers of conduct books during her lifetime, Austen addresses the state of education in the early nineteenth century. She proposes a more gender-neutral education that revolves around reason and virtue, like Locke and Wollstonecraft, and involves personal development and lifelong learning, which allows the individual to develop a sense of self and consequently form strong interpersonal bonds. Inhabiting a society undergoing rapid transformations, Austen also discusses the influence of social learning on the individual and their relationships. The first chapter addresses childhood education within the home and family and examines the ways various types of learning are instrumental to identity formation and determine relationships. This chapter also compares and contrasts Austen’s conception of education with Wollstonecraft’s and Locke’s. The second chapter considers the interdependent relationship between the individual, the family, and society and discusses in which respect power dynamics in home and country determine interpersonal relations. This chapter focuses on the inequality and oppression inherent in British colonialism, slavery, and female subjugation in the early nineteenth century, which hinder the development of profound attachments between individuals, as shown in the novel.

Keyphrases: Education, Jane Austen, Mansfield Park, Mary Wollstonecraft, John Locke, British colonialism, Kinship, Family, Slavery, Feminism
Devant l’illisibilité du corps malade : le Woyzeck de Büchner, sur scène et sous observation

If a text cannot be injured as can the body, reading can effectively have an injurious effect that is carried by the text, and by the person who reads it. Its remedy is embodied as much in the language as in the attention – as a prelude, and form of care – carried to the human. Theatre and its stages have long been places of healing, through language and gesture: a place where medical and literary perspectives carry out their respective interpretative methods. From the character Woyzeck in Georg Büchner’s eponymous play (1836), a comparison of these reading perspectives is made in the context of care. Woyzeck, himself a patient, given his ineffable illnesses, becomes despite himself the stage of medical experiments and power games that rend him more and more unreadable, to himself and those who read him. The present study is dedicated to the role of the reader in the hermeneutic process and to the value that one’s resistance to a pathologizing interpretation – that does not look for symptoms in the text – can contribute to the story, and to the remedy. Even the fragmentary form of the play positions Woyzeck close that of the reader, condemning the latter to ramble from one scene to another, as the character who is afflicted with frantic visions. At each reading one must compose with the incompleteness of the text, a posture necessary for literary interpretation, or one must diagnose the gaps in the text. The first chapter concerns the link between the diseased body as the first medium that links the domains of medicine and theatre: a historic review of this link will complexify it through examples. In the second chapter, the diseased body and the stage are considered as a combined space of knowledge, and the body defined according to the limits and possibilities of this site. Finally, the third chapter presents a non-pathologic reading of the case of Woyzeck – the character, text, the staging – in order to compose an interpretation that considers the multiple languages inherent to the text. The apparent hermeticism of the play is excavated by proceeding from several perspectives. The intermedial approach underlying this analysis, through the relation between theatre and healing, illuminates the profound influence of the play of Büchner on the history of theatre, and of reading.

Keyphrases: pathologie, Woyzeck, Büchner, hermeneutics, care, disease, German theater, healing, pathology, Woyzeck, Büchner
Toryism reconstructed : the relationship between T.C. Haliburton's The Clockmaker and Canadian Imperialists

Using Thomas Chandler Haliburton’s The Clockmaker, this work examines how literature informs understandings of the past and ideas of the present. This is an analysis of how the Toryism of certain late 19th-century Canadian Imperialists (Stephen Leacock, G.M. Grant, and Andrew Macphail) was influenced by The Clockmaker. These Imperialists were ideologues who imagined a greater role for Canada within the British Empire. The contention is that Haliburton’s work, although highly problematic today, is nonetheless important to analyze for the popularity and influence it had at other historical moments, and specifically for the ways it helped revive – through satirical rhetoric, caricatures, and politically-charged writing – a dying form of Toryism that the Imperialists adopted into their thought in multiple ways. This allowed the Canadian Imperialists to develop a vision of Canada in-line with the times while relying on an element of Tory culture that had a sound historical background. The Clockmaker expounds similar ideas to those of the Imperialists: strong British ties, anti-Americanism, an added socio-political weight to the Dominion, etc. It is hardly surprising, then, that Grant himself noted Haliburton’s influence on him and his fellow thinkers’ conceptual framing of imperialism in Canada. Studying Haliburton’s values, their expression in The Clockmaker, and the way the Imperialists’ works reflect the ideas and rhetorical tools of the novel, this study creates a continuity between The Clockmaker and those nationalists who sought legitimacy in the past when imagining the traditions of a fledgling country. This study examines how literature, beyond being modeled by its present, becomes the highly-interpretable history that informs said present.

Keyphrases: Mémoire culturelle, Nation, Canadian literature (19th century), Imperialism, Cultural memory, History, Nationhood
Do they all act the same? : identification of the strategies associated with different types of online sex solicitors' discourses

The advancement of technology created new opportunities for online sex solicitors to cyber victimize minors online (Fortin et al., 2018; Seto et al., 2011). With the increasing number of police reports (Wolak et al., 2012), online sex solicitors pose numerous challenges for police practices. This research project aims to distinguish the differences between the types of interactions that seek offline contact based on the strategies seen in their discourses. By analyzing the differences between the strategies used by various types of interactions, we aimed to identify the strategies which are associated with offline contact interaction group. This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to achieve the research goal. We used a qualitative methodology to do a thematic analysis and codify the chatlogs. The strategies used for codification were taken from previous studies and observation of the police data from the Sûreté du Québec . After the codification, we transformed the thematic results into quantitative data. The quantitative research methodology was employed to test the differences in frequency of each strategy between types of interactions. The results demonstrate that the strategies associated with offline contact are persistence, fantasy rehearsal and the presence of opportunities with limited risk of exposure. Contact group used more frequently these strategies compared to the noncontact group. Moreover, contact victims showed more participatory and oppositional behaviours. Offenders who met their victims offline showed longer interactions, on average. Consequentially, offenders from the contact group had more time to use the various strategies to surpass the victims' resistances. The implication of this research lays in the contradiction of these results compared to literature's results. The particularities of each types are not associated with previous typologies.

Keyphrases: modus operandi, online sex solicitation, sexual exploitation of children online
L'expérience de l'éducation en détention

Nowadays in Canada, approximately 75% of the offenders admitted in federal correctional facilities have not reached the 11th grade or it equivalent (SCC, 2015). Following an education program while in detention seems to contribute to the prevention of crime recidivism for a great number of inmates. Very few studies focus on the experience of inmates while following these programs. Thus, this study aims to understand the education experiences of Canadian federal ex-inmates and to expose their perspective on said education. To achieve our objectives, we explored the experiences of eleven men who served a Canadian federal sentence and who followed an education program during their incarceration. By conducting semi-directed interviews, we could shed light on the fact that following an education program as an inmate was not done without personal, psychological and institutional difficulties. We shall see that this educational experience is lived differently according to the motivation to participate. We shall also see that it offers its participants advantages through many forms. These advantages can be felt both during incarceration and upon return to the community.

Keyphrases: Education while in detention, Social reinsertion, Federal ex-inmates, Learning difficulties
L’engagement politique dans la collaboration polyphonique des publics à travers de l’i-Doc transmédia

Documentary practice finds new media beyond the cinema screen. Through these different channels, the documentary opens online and offline spaces for the construction of meaning through collaborators, the audience included. The transmedia documentary project Who is Dayani Cristal? was chosen to understand the resources of a project aimed at activism, in this case on migration issues. Within the framework of this research, this project will be analysed as an i-Doc through a multimodal methodology which make possible the discernment about the construction of meaning by the creators of the project as well as by the collaborators who participate in it. This co-construction of meaning mobilizes values that bring together participants who are not necessarily in the same geographical context, but they become a community within the framework of the polyphonic collaboration of this transmedial documentary. Through modal meanings and their functionalities throughout a non-fictional interactive project for political purposes, open spaces encourage co-creation of meaning providing the circumstances for audiences to engage in social change. Thus, the transmedia documentary and its interactive nature can motivate the meeting of participants who become aware of the need to act and mobilize themselves through a kind of political mimesis.

Keyphrases: documentary, transmedia, interactive, non-fiction, cinema, new documentary practices, multimodal, audiovisual, political communication, activism
Diastereoselective synthesis of Ribo-like nucleoside analogues bearing an all-carbon C3′ quaternary center

Nucleoside analogues have received extensive attention due to their important anticancer and antiviral applications. In this thesis, novel 1′,2′-cis and trans ribo-like nucleoside analogues bearing an all-carbon C3′ quaternary stereogenic center were synthesized using stereoselective N-glycosylation reactions, which were controlled by installing different types of protecting groups on the C2′ hydroxyl substituent. The critical acyclic 2,4-syn diol precursor was obtained by diastereoselective reduction of a β-hydroxy ketone using intermolecular hydride delivery. An approach for easy separation of the 2,4-syn and 2,4-anti diols through acetonide protection/deprotection was established to rapidly access the pure 2,4-syn diol through successive allylic oxidation and acetonide protection. An alternative strategy was also developed for the preparation of ribo-like C1′-β nucleoside analogues bearing an all-carbon C3′ quaternary center with a free C5′ hydroxyl group. In this strategy, ribo-like diacetates served as the glycosyl donors which were synthesized from a diastereoselective epoxidation of a glycal precursor. A consecutive enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction followed by a photoredox catalyzed free radical intramolecular allyl transfer were established and developed in our lab to install the all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center. Nucleoside 5′-triphosphates bearing either a purine or a pyrimidine nucleobase were then synthesized and are currently being tested against cancer and viral infections. In addition, L-1′,2′-cis-4′-thionucleoside analogues bearing an all-carbon C3′ stereogenic quaternary center along with a C2′ hydroxyl substituent were synthesized using an acyclic strategy from a 1′,2′-syn thioaminal precursor followed by a S1′→C4′ intramolecular SN2-like cyclization. The 1′,2′-syn thioaminal was synthesized by a diastereoselective nucleobase addition onto a dithioacetal.

Keyphrases: N-Glycosylation, Nucleoside analogues, Diastereoselective synthesis, All-carbon quaternary stereogenic center, Photoredox catalysis, 4′-Thionucleoside, Acyclic strategy
Analyse de contaminants d’intérêt émergent dans l’Estuaire et le Golfe du Saint-Laurent par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution

Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) have been increasingly studied since recent years, for instance in aquatic ecosystems. However, there exist significant knowledge gaps regarding their occurrence and distribution in complex hydrological systems, including their vertical distribution in different water bodies. Seasonal variations between summer and winter conditions are also difficult to establish because of the rigorous winter weather conditions in Canada, restricting the accessibility of samples. Thus, this project focused on the study of 90 CECs, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals and anthropogenic markers, hormones, and perfluorinated substances in an oceanographic environment, namely the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf (SLEG). Two expeditions were conducted under winter conditions (winters 2019 and 2020) and one under summer conditions (summer 2019). These expeditions first assessed the spatial distribution of CECs along the SLEG and, secondly, the seasonal and annual variations of the concentrations associated with the different temperatures, salinities, ice cover, degradation processes or seasonal river flow. In addition, sampling at multiple depths during the winter of 2020 allowed for documenting the vertical profiles of CECs throughout the SLEG. Finally, the filtration of large volumes of surface water during the winter of 2020 allowed for the evaluation of the CECs adsorbed onto suspended particle matter (SPM) and consequently, the partitioning between dissolved and particulate phases, influenced by salinity and SPM variations. Analyses were performed following the development and validation of a new multi-residue method involving ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of emerging contaminants in the SLEG, especially during the winter season and across the water column.

Keyphrases: Emerging Contaminants, St-Lawrence Estuary and Gulf, winter and summer seasons, surface water, vertical distribution