NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the clot detachment from a blood vessel wall

In this thesis we propose a model to numerically study the behavior of blood, which is considered as an incompressible Newtonian fluid, in the presence of a clot attached to a vessel wall. The purpose of this study is to find out whether different flow regimes may cause a clot to detach from a vessel wall or it would lead to a stable state. In Chapter 1, we give a literature review of previous studies modeling blood coagulation, blood clots in the vascular system, platelet adhesion and aggregation and pathological clot formation. Our work is mainly based upon some part of the mathematical model given by Bajd and Serša [3], which is presented in Chapter 1. Then, we will describe the mathematical modeling of the fluid presenting the blood and the solid representing the clot in Chapter 2. The third chapter will focus on the numerical approach consisting of a projection method and the immersed boundary method [36] for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. Finally, in Chapter 4, we will discuss the results and give conclusions about the influence of different flow  regimes on the clot stability.

Keyphrases: Blood coagulation, The Navier-Stokes equations, Projection method, The immersed boundary method
Géométrie algébrique : théorèmes d'annulation sur les variétés toriques

This master’s thesis is meant to be a good introduction to toric varieties and sheaves theory. We will show some results already present in the literature whose proofs are either incomplete, divided in multiple sources or too complex for a novice. We will synthesize and detail these results while avoiding (as much as possible) required knowledge of the subject. We will finish this thesis with a proof of some vanishing theorems, required to tackle the Grauert-Riemenschneider theorem’s proof (in the toric case). Prerequisite : some basic knowledge of algebraic varieties or homology would help understand some of the concepts we discuss and a few examples we give refer to Riemann surfaces or CW complexes. But no knowledge past undergraduate-level is required.

Keyphrases: Algebraic varieties, Toric varieties, Sheaves, Sheaves cohomology, Vanishing theorems
Superintégrabilité quantique avec une intégrale de mouvement de cinquième ordre

The present thesis is part of a general program whose purpose is to obtain and classify all superintegrable systems in two dimensions with integrals of motion that are polynomials of arbitrary order (degree) N in p_1 and p_2, the two components of the linear momentum. In this study, presented in a single article, we investigate the coexistence of the Hamiltonian with a fifth-order quantum integral of motion. We derive the determining equations that guarantee the existence of this integral and we simplify them by assuming that the potentials V(x,y) are separable in Cartesian coordinates, i.e. V(x,y)=V_1(x)+V_2(y), a supposition which, together with the existence of an independent fifth order integral, also guarantees the superintegrablity of the system. We show that when both V_1(x) and V_2(y) do not satisfy any linear ODE, they are always solutions of nonlinear ODEs. These equations are found to have the Painlevé property. Most of them are solved in terms of known Painlevé transcendents or elliptic functions. The others may define new higher order Painlevé trenscendents.

Keyphrases: Integrability, Integrability, Superintegrablity, Nonlinear differential equations, Painlevé property, Quantum mechanics, Superintegrablity, Nonlinear differential equations, Painlevé property, Quantum mechanics
La collaboration en traduction (Crowdsourcing in Translation) : l’exemple d’un concours de traduction en ligne

Crowdsourcing in translation, just like in other industries, is a frequent contemporary phenomenon; however, certain aspects of it remain unexplored. This thesis attemptsto fill that gap by examining the case study of an online translation contest, held by a Moscow- based translation agency. This study analyzes the structure and functioning of the contest in order to assess, firstly, whether this online translation contest does represent a case of crowdsourcing and, secondly, to what extent crowdsourcing is an efficient mode of production in translation. The theoretical framework is based on the work by Daren Brabham, a researcher in new media and public relations who developed a definition of crowdsourcing and studied the potential of this practice, and on the work by James Surowiecki, an American finance columnist who proposed and defined the concept of a “wise crowd.” The thesis analyzes various aspects of the translation context, such as the motivation of the participants, their influence on the organizational structure of the contest, and how these producers-turned-consumers formulate and apply their criteria in the selection of the best product. In our case study, we shall demonstrate that crowdsourcing in translation is a fruitful form of creative collaboration because it transforms consumers into producers thus forming a new class of agents – prosumers.

Keyphrases: Crowdvoting, Crowdsourcing in translation, Wise crowd, Translation contest, Prosumer
Fonctions de la pseudo-traduction à l'aube des guerres civiles anglaises (1641-1642)

Once considered marginal in translation studies, pseudotranslations have become in recent years a subject much more carefully studied. It seems however that not angles have been covered, namely the functions that fictitious translations occupy in a given literary system. When Toury introduced the polysystemic theory in translation studies, he concluded that one of the major functions pseudotranslations serve is to introduce a new genre into a specific literary system. This hypothesis, while convenient for many literary pseudotranslations, seems a little less suitable for a certain type of popular literature, namely one found in the form of pamphlets. The present paper, based on a careful analysis of four case studies emphasizing the paratextual and agency aspects, will aim to discover the functions of pseudotranslations printed at the dawn of the English civil wars (1641- 1642).

Keyphrases: pamphlets, pseudotranslation, translation studies, agency, paratextuality, pamphlets, anti-catholic literature, English civil wars
Exploring Attention Based Model for Captioning Images

Understanding the content of images is arguably the primary goal of computer vision. Beyond merely saying what is in an image, one test of a system's understanding of an image is its ability to describe the contents of an image in natural language (a task we will refer to in this thesis as \image captioning"). Since 2012, neural networks have exploded as the defacto modelling tool for many important applications in machine learning. Inspired by recent work in machine translation and object detection, this thesis explores such models that can describe the content of images. In addition, it explores how the notion of \attention" can be both parameterized by neural networks and usefully employed for image captioning. More technically, this thesis presents a single attention based neural network that can describe images. It describes how to train such models in a purely deterministic manner using standard backpropagation and stochastically by considering techniques used in variational inference and reinforcement learning. Surprisingly, we show through visualization how the model is able to automatically learn an intuitive gaze of salient objects corresponding to words in the output sequence. We validate the use of an attention based approach with state-of-the-art performance three benchmark datasets: Flickr9k, Flickr30k and MS COCO.

Keyphrases: Generation de Description, Inference Variationelle, Attention, Neural Networks, Caption Generation, Deep Learning, Representation Learning, Supervised Learning, Variational Inference, Reinforcement Learning, Attention, Sequence Modelling
Deep Learning for Video Modelling

This thesis presents an exploration of generative models in the context of video generation. It focuses on an investigation of the problems faced by researchers when working on this branch of computer vision. It is argued throughout this thesis that video suffers from two main issues, namely on the data side and on the model side. Data-wise, current state-of-the-art models in this field are applied on datasets that can potentially misrepresent the true challenges with real videos and pushes model innovations in corners that could be dead ends on this task. A new dataset is proposed in light of this situation that tries to fix these problems. Model-wise, video generation is on the very frontier of generative applications. It represents an area still very open for breakthrough since not only is it faced with engineering, hardware and software obstacles, it also offers a real puzzle for models. If deep learning modelling for static images is entering a more mature phase, how does one transition to a sequence of images and moreover generate them? Very recent models have yielded impressive next frame generations and are able to show long sequences of frames that do not rapidly degrade. This thesis proposes the feature flow model as a natural choice to consider when doing this task and hope to reasonably argue as to why. Generation as an object of study itself has also been given attention throughout this thesis. It augments the already popular generative adversarial networks with an inference mechanism, adversarially learned inference. This upgraded version excels at the same tasks than its predecessor while offering an abstract representation of its data through the inference procedure. There is hope for a display of its full potential in future works setting it as a strong model choice.

Keyphrases: Neural networks, Machine learning, Deep learning, Artificial intelligence, Computer vision, Generative models
Extraction de phrases parallèles à partir d’un corpus comparable avec des réseaux de neurones récurrents bidirectionnels

Parallel corpora are a prerequisite for many multilingual natural language processing applications. As they are an invaluable resource, the limited amount of parallel data, which is only available for a relatively small number of language pairs on very few specific domains, is problematic for scaling natural language processing applications. Parallel sentence extraction is a task addressing the data sparsity problem by extracting parallel sentences from the increasing amount of content-related multilingual articles on the World Wide Web.  In this thesis, we propose a parallel sentence extraction system to measure the translational equivalence between sentences in two languages. Our system is a bidirectional recurrent neural network based approach that can learn sentence representations in a shared vector space by explicitly maximizing the similarity between parallel sentences. In contrast to previous approaches, by leveraging these continuous vector representation of sentences we remove the need to rely on multiples models and any specific feature engineering. Our approach can be efficiently trained with raw sentence pairs and is scalable to large amount of data.  Experiments on noisy parallel corpora show that our approach outperforms a state-of-the-art baseline. To justify the utility of our approach, we add the sentence pairs extracted from Wikipedia articles to a parallel corpus to train machine translation systems and show improvement in translation performance. Our experimental results lead us to believe that our system is a promising tool to create new aligned multilingual resources.

Keyphrases: Corpus comparable, Parallel sentence extraction, Machine translation, Natural language processing, Deep learning, Recurrent neural networks, Parallel corpora, Comparable corpora
Factorized second order methods in neural networks

First order optimization methods (gradient descent) have enabled impressive successes for training artificial neural networks. Second order methods theoretically allow accelerating optimization of functions, but in the case of neural networks the number of variables is far too big. In this master's thesis, I present usual second order methods, as well as approximate methods that allow applying them to deep neural networks. I introduce a new algorithm based on an approximation of second order methods, and I experimentally show that it is of practical interest. I also introduce a modification of the backpropagation algorithm, used to efficiently compute the gradients required in optimization.

Keyphrases: Machine learning, Deep learning, Optimization, Second order
Pour la suite de l'objet d'étude cinéma : la crise de la théorie comme possibilité d'une philosophie d'après le cinéma

This master thesis wishes to tackle with the many interrogations surrounding the discourse of theory as it relates to cinema, especially since it is claimed by many that this discourse is fundamentally different since the 21st century. Trying to clarify what many consider as a crisis of film theory, my first goal will be to describe what was the idea of film theory that is nowadays contested. This will be achieved by giving comprehensive readings of what motivated Gilbert Cohen-Séat and Christian Metz to embrace the challenge of film theory. This will then naturally lead to a comparison of the idea of film theory for the two men to more contemporay approaches. There we will offer a similar analysis of the writings of André Gaudreault, a theorician for whom the relation of theory and cinema is of capital interest. Reflecting on Gaudreault’s own point of view on the matter, we will offer a nuanced decoupling of the notion of a film theory crisis and argue that Gaudreault’s solution to the prolongation of film studies does not respond to the crisis’ ambitions. In order to offer what we consider a more adequate perspective for the continuation of film studies, Iinstead intend to show how the film theory crisis offers a possibility for a film philosophy, suggestion that is made, among others, by after D.N Rodowick and Stanley Cavell.  The different chapters of this thesis offers the reader the story of different critical junctions of the history of film studies. They offer comprehensive readings of some major film theorist and may well be approached individually for whoever wishes to get a better understanding of any of those theorists ethical approach to the study of cinema and art and general. Focusing on the different implications of art, science and philosophy in the study of cinema, this thesis has given itself the mandate to enlighten and convince the sceptic who finds it hard to believe this wonderful idea that film may philosophize.

Keyphrases: Christian Metz, filmology, philosophy and film, history and film, film theory
Construire l’intimité : entre psychanalyse et cinéma : la mise en scène de l’espace du couple dans trois films d’Alain Tanner

Alain Tanner's cinema is known for its political and social commitment. Creator of the "New Swiss Cinema" movement, this filmmaker became important in the construction of a national cinema in Switzerland from the 1970s onwards. His movies are often perceived as ideological and anti-authority. Tanner questions the consumer society and commercial cinema. Without denying the social message of the filmmaker, we wish throughout this research to observe his work in a new light: that of the construction of a cinematographic space through the figure of the couple. We aim to overstep the politically committed aspect of the filmmaker in order to understand how a certain type of intimacy is built in his movies. To do so, we shall analyze three movies in which a couple and an empty room take central stage. Through an esthetic approach, we shall analyze Le Retour d’Afrique (1973), Le Milieu du Monde (1974) and Dans la Ville Blanche (1983), directed and produced by Alain Tanner. By means of psychoanalysis and particularly by means of Ludwig Binswanger's Daseinsanaylse, a movement inspired by phenomenology and psychiatry, we wish to analyze the film space of these three movies as an inhabited space. Indeed, our main hypothesis is that the interiority of the characters can be read through the construction of cinematographic spaces in the movie. We shall try to determine, from the peculiar construction of this space, what consideration of identity and intimacy is at work in Tanner’s films. This research will also allow us to reflect on how intimacy can be seized by a particular film work.

Keyphrases: Alain Tanner, Space, Couple, Intimacy, Daseinsanalyse
Côtoyer les personnages de séries télé : plus qu’un passe-temps, des expériences sociales plaisantes, instructives et variées

These days (2017), TV series are gaining a lot of attention. How to explain this sudden success? In this research we stand that we can find an answer in the relationship with have the characters. Looking at the media's specific features, we propose that the strength of TV series lies in the way it uses time. The relationship we build with TV characters come closer to our real social relationships: not only we meet them, but we spend time with them regularly. The reactions that viewers share on social media confirms the fact that they imagine them as "real people". Many people find common grounds with the characters and some readily talk about friendship. Hanging out with TV characters has all the advantages of our ordinary fellowships: The reassuring side of seeing someone familiar, the instructive side of sharing someone's experience and the intensity of the relationships in which we get involved. But we can also make social experiments that are impossible to do otherwise: we infiltrate social circles in which we have nothing to do, we become the acolyte of someone we would not dare to approach in real life... Finally, thanks to the diversity of genres, styles, formats and tone in TV series, everyone finds what he's looking for. TV series can satisfy all our needs and fantasies in terms of social relationships.

Keyphrases: relation, attachement, fiction, TV series, temporality, relationship, emotion, friendship, reception
Les commandes de photographies documentaires dans le studio Notman (1858-1909) - Naissance d'une mythologie canadienne de l'âge moderne

Our thesis studies selections from three photographic bodies of work commissioned for the Notman studio – the most important photographic studio of Montreal in the second half of the nineteenth century – between 1858 and 1909.  In 1858, the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada commissions William Notman to photograph the construction of the Victoria Bridge. Then, in 1871, Notman chooses Baltzly to accompany the Geological Survey of Canada and the Pacific Railway Survey in British-Columbia. Finally, William McFarlane Notman is hired to document the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway and to advertise the Canadian West through its landscape and wilderness. The commissions were renewed and lasted until 1909.    Considering these three bodies of photographic works, we investigate on two fronts: firstly, inquiring into why these clients resorted to photography, which was at the time a new, costly and cumbersome medium, secondly, understanding the impact that photography had on a wider public. The systematic analysis of the composition of these photographs, whose identification as artistic work is problematic, has allowed us to affirm that they convey a Canadian mythology of the modern age, linked to a pioneering spirit and to the Industrial Revolution. These myths are the following: the myth of progress, the domination of man over nature, the conquest of the Canadian West and Nation-building.

Keyphrases: Photography, Notman Studio, Mythology, Nation-building, Geographical imagination
La Sainte face de Laon

The treasury of the cathedral of Laon preserves a precious thirteenth-century icon of the called the Holy Face of Laon. According to a tradition impossible to confirm, in 1249 Jacques Pantaléon de Troyes, at that time chaplain of the Pope and the future Pope Urban IV, sent the icon to his sister Sybille, abbess of the Cistercian convent of Montreuil-en-Thiérache (Picardie), from Rome. The icon, a copy of the Mandylion of Edessa, has two inscriptions, one in Greek and the other in Slavonic, which pose important questions regarding the icon's origins, whether in Serbia, Bulgaria or Russia. The current project thus aims to explore the scenario of a Serbian origin of the Holy Face and to retrace the journey of the icon between Serbia and France, via Rome. To achieve this, a detour will be made through medieval Serbia, ruled at that time by the Nemanjic dynasty. The Nemanjic were the founders of many monasteries, including several on the Italian peninsula, which proposes a vital link. The Byzantine style of the Holy Face raises another question : the movements of painters between Byzantium and Serbia after the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, a transfer which led to the creation of a distinctive national style, called Serbo-Byzantine.

Keyphrases: Mandylion, Laon, Nemanjic, Holy Face
L’intégration des personnages LGBTQ dans le cinéma québécois

The way that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer people are represented and integrated in the French-Canadian cinematography is the main subject leading this essay. The goal is to find out if the LGBTQ representation in films fully represent this community. To do so, the representations will be analysed with the help of these two perspectives: Gay and lesbian criticism and queer theory. I wanted to know if these LGBTQ images fully represented this community. The analysis of French Canadian movies depicting these types of characters and issues revealed that the use of stereotypes is still a common approach. Besides movie clips analysis, this essay relies on the opinions of the people identifying themselves as LGBTQ, gathered thanks to a questionnaire which I created. The creation part of this master dissertation, consisting of an outline for a feature film, is based on a variety of the opinions and the foundations of the two previous theories. I tried to create a story that doesn’t refer to these recurring clichés.

Keyphrases: LGBTQ, Queer theory, Gay and lesbian criticism, creative research
La résistance par le détour dans l'œuvre d'Apichatpong Weerasethakul

The work of the Thai film director and artist Apichatpong Weerasethakul is at the heart of this project. The latter developed through a long reflection on the relationship between cinema and society. The main question asked is: in what way can Weerasethakul’s work be said to take part in a kind of resistance, through various forms of detours, as well as through the expression of diversity? His narratives meander, multiply, seek to represent the complexity of a world that combines the real with the imaginary, narratives that contradict the supremacy of the one and only straight line, that is, of the enforced norm. Six resistance forces structure and divide this research: resistance through representation of a multiple temporality, on-screen presentation of dominated characters, the animist potency of cinema, the resistance force intrinsic to desire, symptoms and dreams as forms of resistance via a detour, and the power of metamorphosis. This Master’s thesis asks the following subsidiary questions: when injustices and traumas have been experienced, can cinema, and other visual and performative art forms, help develop a constructive way of thinking about the repressed past? How can cinema overcome the repression of memory and present an alternative narrative, when the official one is manipulated and controlled? Through its intertwining of the real and the imaginary, Weerasethakul’s work acts both as a mediator enabling the resurgence of collective and personal repressed memory, thus fighting against its possible disappearance, and as a force sensitive to the alterity and plurality that constitute the world.

Keyphrases: Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Resistance, Memory, Detour, Metamorphosis, Temporality, Animism, Desire, Imprint, Symptom, Dream, Ghost