NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'expérience du dévoilement telle que perçue par des femmes vivant avec le VIH nées au Québec

Disclosure of seropositivity is a constant concern in women living with HIV; a situation further complicated by social stigma. Knowledge on this topic remains fragmented. Studies show certain patterns –such as to whom and how often women disclose this information–, the reasons for disclosure, the positive and negative consequences as well as the predisposing factors of disclosure, all of which limit the global understanding of this phenomenon. Inspired by Parse’s nursing theory (1998, 2003), the purpose of this study is to describe and gain a better understanding of the experience of disclosing the information of being seropositive as perceived by Quebec-born women living with HIV. The phenomenological method was chosen for data collection from seven participants through a semi-structured interview. Data analysis rested on two research activities suggested by van Manen (1997): reflection and writing, which allowed identification of the following seven themes: 1) Having self-respect while choosing confidants; 2) Feeling apprehension; 3) Exercising control to ensure protection; 4) Deliberately engaging in a process of revealing-concealing; 5) Exposing oneself to stigma and social exclusion; 6) Internal suffering; 7) Benefiting from the positive effects of such a decision. These themes contributed to the formulation of the essence of the phenomenon which can be read as such:  Living the ambivalence of a paradoxical process of revealing-concealing, within a profound suffering intensified by stigma, while being enriched by the benefits attained. We believe that these results could have positive effects to guide nursing practice in supporting women during their experience of disclosure.

Keyphrases: Signification, Women, HIV, Seropositivity, Disclosure, Humanbecoming, Meaning
La résilience sous l'angle de l'autodétermination pour une meilleure santé psychologique des enseignants : déterminer des types de résilience

This project proposes a new approach to resilience in order to ensure well-being among teachers. The reasons which lead us to such an interest include the intense stress experienced by teachers in their work due to the heavy and difficult workload.   In Chapter 1 we will discuss the work environment and its characteristics, which generate stressors and adverse effects.  We then turn to the concept of resilience which is sought for in the effort to retain workers.  We describe its history which will lead into the important issue that resilience is not necessarily accompanied by healthy well-being.  One indicator of well-being is self-determined motivation.  We explore these concepts and see how they are affected by the conditions in the workplace. This background will allow us in Chapter 2 to develop the concept of resilience in a different way by bringing it into relation with self-determined motivation.  We will distinguish between two important  types of resilience in relation to which motivation and well-being should differ  significantly.  We will then examine the proposed types of resilience underpinned by motivation. In Chapter 3 we describe the methodology in a sample study of 465 primary and secondary school teachers including the questionnaires on resilience, motivation and well-being used in this transversal study. The following chapter will discuss the results of ANOVA, MANOVA and factorial ANOVA.  In particular, statistical differences in well-being and motivation will be detailed as well as the non-interaction between motivation and resilience.  Principal effects of resilience for all levels of motivation will be described. The results will show that resilience can occur in two types in which motivation and well being differ.  It will be possible to consider resilience not as a static characteristic but as a process which can take different forms which can be promoted.  It follows as well that one should not think that resilient people will never be in need of further intervention.  Support remains necessary to ensure an efficient process.

Keyphrases: stress, stress, resilience, self-determined motivation, resistance, development, well-being
La microfinance au coeur d'une géographie du genre renouvelée au Mexique?

The development of societies around the world is influenced by dynamics of social power. From a perspective of gender, patriarchal relationships often shape development by influencing differential access to resources, including space and mobility. Mexico, historically characterized by both patriarchy and endemic poverty, has been home to a wide range of development strategies addressing gendered inequality. Most recently, microfinance programs have become an instrument of choice for confronting female marginalization and gender inequality. The scientific literature reveals important gaps in the study of gendered relationships in households which benefit from microfinance. Several studies address the impact of microfinance on the lives of women, but few offer a holistic vision that views microfinance as a tool of development promising to shift the spatial nature of gendered inequality. This research is based on qualitative comparative case studies of microfinance groups in San Miguel Tenextatiloyan and Émilio Carranza, two communities of the Sierra Norte de Puebla (Mexico). Its primary objective is to evaluate the degree to which microfinance programs have changed the place of the women in society. To answer this issue, a portrait of the spatial organization of gender is presented, and then the impacts of microfinance programs on the place of women in domestic, work and community spaces is assessed. The results of the study indicate that microfinance programs have not changed substantially the place of women in society. Rather the research finds that, in a context of poverty, microfinance stabilizes households, but does not lead to a clear amelioration of the material circumstances of women’s lives. Secondly, the findings demonstrate that the tasks associated with social reproduction – largely assumed by women – provide a structural barrier to female empowerment that microfinance alone cannot fully confront. Keywords: Gender geography, power relations, development, microfinance, spatiality, neoliberalism, Mexico.

Keyphrases: Microfinance, Gender geography, Power relations, Development, Microfinance, Spatiality, Mexico, Neoliberalism
La eficacidad de los cursos de ELE : la percepción de los usuarios de L1/L2

The purpose of this research is to study the efficiency of Spanish courses from a Heritage Learner’s perspective. This qualitative study examines Hispanics who have learned Spanish at home, in elementary school, in high school, in CEGEP and/or in university. The participants answered a questionnaire that allowed them to express their perception of the Spanish courses that they had taken in their past. The results of this research indicate that L1/L2 users are not integrated in the Spanish classes. Participants demonstrate a reduced sense of motivation for the continuation of these types of courses. Gardner (1985) explains in his socio-educational model theory that language acquisition occurs in a specific cultural context and is influenced by cultural beliefs and individual differences. The latter are integrated in the concept of integrative motive, which is composed of the integrativeness, the attitude toward the learning situation and motivation. The answers given by the participants of this study may be of great help in the design and development of Spanish courses and books for L1/L2 users. By considering their views, students would have a higher sense of integration; an important factor that motivates students to pursue the study of Spanish.

Keyphrases: Heritage Learner (HL), L1/L2 users, Spanish courses, Students’ perception
La représentation numérique à l'épreuve de la complexité du projet de territoire

Land Planning has never given rise to so much debate and passion. It involves to a large extent the materialization of a collective design through forms shaped by ideas and ideas shaped by forms, embodying current values. This projection into a shared future carries with it certain social requirements regarding its implementation, rendering the agenda more complex. Multiple actions and positions that are integrated in the planning process in order to devise, within a context of uncertainty, the desired future’s contours push us into quickly prescribing; this entails communication, debate, evaluation and even reformulation The visual statement can be included among those modes of expression allowing such deliberation. As a favoured discursive mediation, it authorizes the development and collective staging of a possible territorial fate. In recent years this project/representation duo has been complemented by another mediation, that of the digital. Buoyed by information technology development, now it falls within the scope of the territorial planning. Magnifying the power of the image, it renews the representation of collective territorial intentions, opening up new possibilities in the planning process, thus making it more complex. Moreover, this research paper considers complexity not as a "catch-all” term or an imperfection to get rid of but confronts it within an upcoming paradigm that of “complex thought.” This approach, conceptually and operationally rich, makes it possible to take a fresh look at land planning through its most visible and least questioned mean of expression, namely visual statements. Ultimately can these representations, especially those constructed and conveyed by digital formats, fully render a complex territorial plan and support the challenge of its collective implementation? These are in essence the issues taken on by this research with the aim of providing at least some answers and opening up new perspectives.

Keyphrases: Project, Representation, Digital, Geomatic, Urban Planning, Complexity
Un non-événement qui a pourtant eu lieu : la rencontre entre Gadamer et Derrida

The long-awaited encounter between Hans-Georg Gadamer and Jacques Derrida finally took place in Paris' Goethe-Institut in 1981. However, the expectations of a dialogue between hermeneutics and deconstruction were hardly fulfilled. Most commentators even agree that the conference Derrida read on this occasion had nothing to do with the actual encounter. We disagree with this assessment. Gadamer had already openly and unconditionally endorsed Heidegger's interpretation of Nietzsche and Derrida chose this occasion to criticize it. Moreover, he called into question the same axiomatic structure of unity and totality that he had elsewhere presented as hermeneutics' own. By questioning this structure, he was attempting to dismantle the core of what hermeneutics was to him. Finally, his conference provided a glimpse into an interpretative approach that completely excludes the truth-centered interpretation of hermeneutics.

Keyphrases: Deconstruction, Hermeneutics, Derrida, Derrida, Gadamer, Gadamer, Encounter, Heidegger, Heidegger, Nietzsche, Nietzsche, Interpretation, Metaphysics, Signature, Signature
Place de la notion d’honneur en psychothérapie et en pratique ethnopsychiatrique :                  entrevues réalisées auprès de psychothérapeutes et ethnothérapeutes montréalais et parisiens

The notion of honor in psychotherapy and ethnopsychiatry: Interviews conducted with psychotherapists and ethnotherapists in Montreal and Paris.   Having to treat families with honor related issues, ethnopsychiatry cannot afford to ignore this notion. The objectives of this thesis are to review the literature on the theme of honor and to impress the importance of the notion of honor in the field of ethnopsychiatry.

Keyphrases: Honte, Paris, Kabylie, Honor, Shame, Ethnopsychiatry, Montreal, Paris, Mediterranean anthropology, Medical anthropology, Applied anthropology, Mental health, Immigration
Análisis de las actitudes lingüísticas hacia el slang mexicano : usos y valoración de la palabra güey

The study of language attitudes via sociolinguistics and social psychology has confirmed the notion that all varieties of language are treated differently. As a general rule, the standard language is the language of the prestigious group and is held at a high social esteem whereas non-standard or minority language varieties are, in general, judged negatively.      This thesis analyzes the language attitudes of Mexicans towards Mexican slang. The project methodology consists in two main phases. Firstly, spontaneous and natural conversations are recorded. Following this, a group of individuals listen to fragments of these conversations while simultaneously filling out a questionnaire that evaluate their language attitudes towards the use of slang as well as towards the slang speakers.  The statistical analysis of the results lead to the observation of several patterns: There is a very significant difference in the way solidarity aspects and prestige aspects are judged. The points given to aspects such as intelligence and success for speakers of slang are significantly lower than the points given to personality aspects such as generosity and kindness.  Age and gender also have influence on language attitudes: women and the elderly are more severe in their judgment and evaluation of slang.  This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first two explore the theoretical concepts upon which the work is based, including language attitudes and slang as a linguistic and social phenomenon. The following three chapters are dedicated to the project itself:  the methodology, the analysis of the results and their interpretation.

Keyphrases: Sociolinguistics, Language attitudes, Langue non-standard, Non-standard language, Güey, Güey, Mexico, Mexico, Slang, Slang
Trajectoires, circulation, assemblages : des modes hétérogènes de la constitution de la pratique en arts numériques à Montréal

This thesis examines the paths and practices of digital artists navigating within the multimedia sectors of Montreal. Through the study of the paths of eleven digital artists based in Montreal we found that production practices in digital arts cannot be reduced to the logic of production specific to a single place, whether a private company, a digital arts center or a university. The issue of maintaining these practices leads one to pay attention to the plurality of elements that inform their perpetual (re)constitutions. This requires new ways of theorizing digital artists' paths and practices. We propose a new way of conceptualizing these paths - as trajectories - to highlight the plurality of ways the digital art practices are articulated. They are thus considered in terms of their co-constitutive mediations with different elements. We have identified three sets of elements to account for the maintenance of the practices in digital arts and through which these unfold their multiple effectivities. The first set covers the technologies involved in digital art practices. The second set relates to the digital arts community and the organizational modes characteristic of those locales. Finally, the third set deals with the relationship between the worlds of business and practices in digital arts. These three sets of elements contribute in various ways to the establishment, maintenance and singularity of digital arts practices that deploy their effectivities far beyond a circumscribed or specialized social space.

Keyphrases: industries culturelles, digital artists, cultural work, art world, cultural industries, new technologies, trajectories
Analyse bayésienne et classification pour modèles continus modifiés à zéro

Zero-inflated models, both discrete and continuous, have a large variety of applications and fairly well-known properties. Some work has been done on zero-deflated and zero-modified discrete models. The usual formulation of continuous zero-inflated models -- a mixture between a continuous density and a Dirac mass at zero -- precludes their extension to cover the zero-deflated case. We introduce an alternative formulation of zero-inflated continuous models, along with a natural extension to the zero-deflated case. Parameter estimation is first studied within the classical frequentist framework. Several methods for obtaining the maximum likelihood estimators are proposed. The problem of point estimation is considered from a Bayesian point of view. Hypothesis testing, aiming at determining whether data are zero-inflated, zero-deflated or not zero-modified, is also considered under both the classical and Bayesian paradigms. The proposed estimation and testing methods are assessed through simulation studies and applied to aggregated rainfall data. The data is shown to be zero-deflated, demonstrating the relevance of the proposed model.  We next consider the clustering of samples of zero-deflated data. Such data present strong non-normality. Therefore, the usual methods for determining the number of clusters are expected to perform poorly. We argue that Bayesian clustering based on the marginal distribution of the observations would take into account the particularities of the model and exhibit better performance. Several clustering methods are compared using a simulation study. The proposed method is applied to aggregated rainfall data sampled from 28 measuring stations in British Columbia.

Keyphrases: Zero-deflation, Bayesian aggregation, Aggregated rainfall, Truncated Laplace distribution, EM algorithm, Mixture models
Évaluation de l'effet des antagonistes synthétiques du récepteur de chimiokine, CXCR4 sur CXCR7

ASBTRACT  SDF-1 was at first thought to exclusively bind CXCR4, but it was subsequently found to also bind to the chemokine receptor CXCR7. CXCR4 is a promising target for drug development due to its role in cancer. AMD3100 is newly commercialised synthetic antagonist of CXCR4. This drug leads to massive release of hematopoietic stem cell into the peripheral blood. It was found that AMD3100 also binds to CXCR7 and acts as an agonist of β-arrestin recruitment to CXCR7. An antagonist of CXCR4 acts as an agonist on CXCR7.  Prompted by this observation, we tested whether this might hold true for other CXCR4 antagonist. Tc14012, a peptidomimetic of T140, has been extensively described as a potent CXCR4 antagonist.   We find that TC14012 also interacts on CXCR7. Like AMD3100, TC14012 alone induces β-arrestin recruitment to CXCR7. Thus, two structurally unrelated CXCR4 antagonists, AMD3100 and TC14012, are agonists of the CXCR7-arrestin pathway. This suggests distinct activation mechanisms of the arrestin pathway by CXCR4 and CXCR7. The results we obtained using a BRET (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer)-based arrestin recruitment assay, suggest that the CXCR7 receptor core is responsible for the recruitment of beta-arrestin in response to AMD3100 and TC14012.   The finding that both AMD3100 and TC14012 do not only bind CXCR4, but also CXCR7, with opposite effects on arrestin recruitment, is important for the use of the compounds as tools to dissect SDF-1-mediated effects. This may be a general feature of synthetic ligands of the two receptors, with potential consequences for drug development.  Key words: Chemokine receptor, CXCR4 and CXCR7, BRET, β-arrestin recruitement, TC14012, AMD3100 and SDF-1.

Keyphrases: Cxcr7, Tc14012, Sdf-1, Beta-arrestine, Cxcr4, Bret, Chemokine receptor, Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, Chemokine, Chimera c-terminal
La régionalisation de l’immigration au Québec : évolution de 1982 à 2006 des flux et des caractéristiques sociodémographiques

Like most industrialized countries, Canada and more specifically, Quebec, is characterized by a high concentration of the immigrant population on its territory. Still today, the Montreal metropolitan area welcomes the majority of international immigrants that enters the province, which means that the rest of the province only receives a negligible portion of the immigrant population. In 1992, the Quebec government put in place a regionalization policy, hoping to better distribute the immigrant population across its territory. This policy had two goals; the first was to encourage the international immigrants to settle outside of Montreal, and the second, to spread the benefits of immigration across the province.  What were the results and effects of this policy? Up until now, we know very little on the subject and on the characteristics of the immigrants who choose to settle outside Montreal in the “regions”.  The objective of this research is to make a quantitative and qualitative assessment of immigration in Quebec in order to verify if this policy has affected the international immigrants’ settlement choice.  The first chapter is essentially devoted to summarizing the various writings on the regionalization of immigration, particularly on the phenomenon of geographic concentration and the national and international trends. A first description of the immigrants established in Canada and Quebec is going to complete this chapter. The second chapter will analyze the evolution of the migratory flows and regionalization in Quebec from 1982 to 2006. The objective of the last chapter is to evaluate the regions’ retention capability. This will permit to depict the current immigrant population (i.e., identifying the current region of settlement of the immigrants). The results of this research suggest that the effects of this policy are not yet apparent and the efforts deployed to achieve a more balanced distribution of immigration benefited the suburbs of Montreal more than they did the regions of Quebec.

Keyphrases: regionalization of immigration in Quebec, decentralization, international immigrants, secondary migration in Quebec
Figures de l'esprit : le soi et l'autre dans l'écriture de la séduction

This thesis reflects on the place of literary (Kierkegaard, Hofmannsthal, The Song of Songs) and cinematic (Matador d'Almodóvar) figures of seduction in the relation between the self and the other. It explores the connection to transcendence and the sacred inscribed in writings on seduction.  In the first chapter, the figures of seduction help us put into question the boundaries between literature and philosophy (conceptual persona and aesthetic figure). The figures of bullfighters, associated with the figures of seducers, present the extreme violence of seduction and the instant when consciousness can no longer be split in two.  The second chapter is a reflexion, through the figures of the master and the slave, on desire, consciousness of the self and the other in the relationship of seduction. The figures of bullfighters manifest the sacrifice in seduction. Dialogue, considered at the heart of seduction itself, reveals the importance of seduction in the process of thinking.   The third chapter develops the bond established by seduction between the self, the other and the world. In the writings of seduction, dandyism shows the tension between mind and matter. The dialogue at work in seduction opens a space of education. Seduction is viewed as an ethical process, the search for an appropriate distance, a spiritual exercise. Loss of consciousness, duende and ecstasy are described as states of consciousness that abolish the distance between self and world, self and other, and mind and matter. Through these states, seduction brings about an opening to the infinite and transcendence.   Finally, seduction is defined as the perfume of the sacred through a reading of The Song of Songs. Through seduction, the importance of the body in the sacred is underscored. The place of secrecy and faith in seduction, the sacred and literature is examined. Seduction enables an erotic immersion in the world, in the real, through the figures and images of seduction. The knowledge of seduction is a process, a knowledge of body and mind.

Keyphrases: Duende, Matador, Kierkegaard, Hofmannsthal, Literature, Song of Songs, Sacred, Ecstasy, Seducer