NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Entre passion et raison : une histoire du collectionnement privé à Montréal (1850-1910)

This dissertation focuses on the culture of collecting as a social act. It begins by studying the discourse held by individual collectors and groups of collectors pertaining to their collecting practices. This examination reveals the motivations that justify the social importance of an essentially individualistic act, by connecting it to various collective benefits such as furthering historical knowledge, building national identity, and civic education. The collectors propagate a utilitarian vision of their activities, and rationalize a hobby that is often negatively perceived. This analysis exposes the characteristics that compose the image of an ideal practitioner, as well as the criteria established to determine the status of private collections and their components. The dissertation also considers collecting as a practice, and demonstrates that collecting consists of a series of acts that can be grouped into three main categories: acquiring, managing, and disseminating. It describes how, and from whom collectors acquired objects, and reveals the importance of local and international networks of transaction. It then highlights the care given to objects in the area of collection management: preparing, cleaning, hanging, storing, classifying, inventory, and cataloguing. Finally, it establishes the particular forms, occasions, and public to which collections are exhibited.  The dissertation does not consist of a study of collections, but instead puts forward a cultural history of the practice of collecting. The objects amassed and classified (coins, medallions, stamps, aboriginal artefacts, archeological objects, works of art, autographs, books, rare documents, natural history specimens) are not considered in themselves, but rather as the product of a process that is the true subject of this research. It presents a critical reading of collecting and seeks to understand the aspirations, beliefs, values and representations of collectors, for collecting is a way to organize the world, and thus the collection reveals, through the choices made in the selection of pieces and the order in which they are placed, a way to see and understand this world. The practice of collecting is considered as a way in which to study male sociability, the significance of notions such as virility or the nation, and the importance given to history, sciences, and civic education.

Keyphrases: XIXe siècle, Collecting, Private collections, 19th century
Clearing away the legal mist of the family business

Family business is omnipresent as the backbone of the corporate life. It is the engine driver of the socio-economic development, and the fundamental source of wealth creation in all nations. Incomparable to nonfamily counterparts, family business reveals unique in its characteristics, constructs, challenges, and prospects. However, the legal differentiated taxonomy of this enterprise reveals absent and forgotten across the globe, whether in the common law system or the civil law system. The lack of the legal recognition of its uniqueness induces jurists to resolve disputes and litigations via the conventional legal channels. This often discloses as the source of injustice for individuals as well as the family, and echoes significant social and economic consequences. Correspondingly, in order to conceive the authentic dynamics of this enterprise, we have embraced the four circles ecosystem theory, which shall allow jurists to visualize this enterprise with a singular eye as a family business, no longer as a business. Besides, this pattern shall reveal the “family” as the “Royal Stakeholder” and the main provider of the “Family Capital”. Thus, the latter unveils the intangibles as the fundamental drivers that guide and control this enterprise, and then turn it into a mixed collective co-ownership, rather than an individual ownership. Ultimately, this classification generates the distinctive legal definition of the family business as well as the relevant arrangements, structures, and unavoidable consequences.

Keyphrases: Familiness, Family Business, Ecosystem Theory, Patrimony By Appropriation, Mixed Collective Co-ownership
Impacts comportementaux des mauvais traitements psychologiques chez les enfants : étude de médiation

The purpose of this study was to investigate children’s emotional regulation and empathy as mediators of the relationship between children’s emotional, behavioral and social impairments. Emotional regulation has been used to explain the link between children’s memory of psychological maltreatment and acts of aggression in the adulthood (Allen, 2011; Crawford & Wright, 2007). Moreover, no research project has explored emotional regulation as a potential mediator of the relationship between psychological abuse and the difficulties that the child is struggling with. Parental rejection is also related to empathic impairments (Hower & Edwards, 1979; Kim & Rohner, 2003) and these impairments seem to be associated with children’s aggressive and antisocial behaviors (N. D. Feshbach & Feshbach, 1969; Miller & Eisenberg, 1988), suggesting that empathy could potentially be a mediator of the association between parental rejection and children’s impairments. Our sample consists of one hundred and three mother-child dyads (49 boys and 54 girls, aged between 6 and 13 years) attending three elementary schools and coming from french-speaking families (75,8%). Children and parents have completed paper-pencil questionnaires, which aimed at evaluating maternal acceptance/rejection as seen by the child, the child’s emotionnal regulation, empathy, behaviours and difficulties. A mediator model including three regressional analyses following Baron and Kenny’s procedure (1986) revealed that while controlling for the child’s school degree, only emotional regulation remains as a significant predictor of its difficulties (β = -.32, p < .01), and was a mediator of the effect previously observed between maternal rejection and children’s difficulties. Sobel’s test (Z = 2.40, p < .05) and a bootstrap analysis (Preacher & Hayes, 2008) (mediation = .06 [SE = .03], 95% IC = .02 à .13) confirmed the mediational effect thereby supporting the hypothesis concerning emotion regulation. The mediation model including children’s empathy couldn’t be tested because of insignificant bivariate correlations between the child’s empathy and his or her difficulties. Future research including a larger sample and using a measure of empathy suitable for young children is needed.

Keyphrases: Psychological abuse, Parental rejection, Empathy, Emotion regulation, Difficulties
Développement professionnel au regard de la littératie en santé : vers un modèle en milieu de travail

Context : Health care organizations and communities are experiencing significant changes with the emergence of practices based on patients’ participation and engagement. Called to be partners, many adults, however, are not able to process and use information related to their health because of low literacy. Hence, health professionals and community stakeholders are expected to develop their practices and their skills in order to reach them adequately so that they take an active role for their health. However, little empirical data exist regarding the development of these skills in a work-based environment. Objective : Describe how health care practitioners develop their skills to support the participation of patients with low literacy. Methodology : Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with male and female workers enrolled in practices oriented towards autonomy and participation of those at risk in terms of literacy : 9 in medicine and pharmacy, 9 in nursing, 9 in related fields (nutrition, psychology, social work ...) and 3 peer support workers. Building on Le Boterf (2009, 2010), a model of competence development articulating the following three dimensions has oriented data analysis : 1) professional practice and performance, that is "what I do / the results"; 2) reflexivity, "what I think and live in my practice"; and 3) resources, "what I use to learn / to act." Data processing, through concept maps, led to a model of workplace’s professional development validated with five of those interviewed and also to a model of good practices. Results : From the data, "good practices" emerged as based on the following four pillars that required to : 1) implement a partnership in health care within a patient’s perspective in terms of his or her disease and spoken/written language; 2) pay attention to indicators of literacy other than education; 3) personalize communication; 4) facilitate access and use of information, including support for Internet. Results show a professional development, mainly self-directed, together with structured and spontaneous learning within the work environment. Knowledge "experts" associated with "good practices" in health literacy seemed held by people within the organization. Patients involved in interprofessional teams appeared to be key resources to develop knowledge in terms of communication with an adult who has his own vocabulary and way of learning.  Applications : The proposed professional development model identifies several targets in the workplace to support and promote skills development towards literacy. Exchange and working groups, including those incorporating patients, create spaces conducive to co-construction of necessary knowledge for effective practice in literacy.

Keyphrases: Literacy, Health literacy, Workplace learning, Professional development, Competencies, Informal learning, Self-directed learning, Healthcare professional, Care partnership, Continuing education, Formation continue
Interactions entre le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle à gérer la classe et les pratiques de différenciation pédagogique d’enseignants au primaire à Montréal

The current school context in Quebec, especially in Montreal, leads teachers to develop differentiated pedagogies to meet the needs of all. The integration of students with special needs, socio-economic and cultural differences are examples of manifestations of heterogeneity to be observed in teaching. Yet, few teachers adopted such practices. Moreover, we know that, classroom management is a key to the implementation of differentiated practices and, good classroom management depends on a high level of self-efficacy of classroom management. This article presents a mixed method design study that explore relationships between frequency of differentiated practices and self-efficacy of classroom management of elementary teachers. First, a questionnaire was completed by 154 teachers of the CSDM. Then, a focus-group was organized with 6 of them. Our results tend to confirm the correlation between the SEP to manage the class and the frequency of differentiated practices. Specifically, they suggest that relationships in class, including those between students and the teacher, is a predictor of increased use of differentiated instruction. Finally, even if teachers in the focus-group define the Montreal context as having special characteristics requiring frequent and varied differentiated practices, according to them, classroom management do not require different interventions.

Keyphrases: differenciation, classroom management, self-efficacy, differenciated practices, differenciated instruction, student-teacher relationship, social relationship
Rehabilitation professionals’ attitudes and beliefs towards 
chronic pain : a scoping review, consultation and survey

Objectives: 1) to summarize and synthesize the literature regarding rehabilitation professionals’ attitudes and beliefs towards chronic pain; 2) to explore physiotherapists’ perceptions of those attitudes and beliefs and 3) to describe physiotherapists’ attitudes and beliefs towards chronic pain and to see if they differ according to socio-demographic factors. Methods: For the first objective, we conducted a scoping review where we searched the literature using various databases from inception until July 2014. We performed thematic analysis on articles that met our pre-established standards for inclusion. To answer objective two, we conducted three focus groups and analyzed transcripts through descriptive and thematic analysis. We also surveyed 14 physiotherapists (objective three) using the Attitudes and Beliefs towards Chronic Pain Questionnaire for Health Professionals (total score, subscores of competence, emotional involvement and empathy). We used descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis to see if participants’ responses differed based on socio-demographic characteristics and experience. Results: The literature search yielded 1538 articles; 26 articles were included for full review. Seven themes evolved post analysis. Focus groups allowed to identify three core themes 1) the development of chronic pain; 2) the legitimacy of chronic pain and its relationship with disability and 3) the ability to manage psychological aspects of patient’s pain. More experienced physiotherapists had higher emotional involvement (p = 0.02) and those with previous experience working in a multidisciplinary pain clinic had greater empathy (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Physiotherapists need to be further educated and trained on how to assess and treat psychosocial factors associated with pain. Physiotherapists with more general clinical experience showed greater emotional involvement and those with specific multidisciplinary pain clinic experience showed more empathy towards individuals living with chronic pain.

Keyphrases: Attitudes, Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Attitudes, Beliefs, Chronic pain, Scoping review, Survey
Les étoiles Wolf-Rayets en cavales extrêmes

Among the most highly ejected Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars from the Galactic plane (GP), only two are indicated with a possible binary status: WR 148 located at 800 pc above the GP and WR 71 at 700 pc below the GP. WR 148 is a confirmed single lined spectroscopic binary in a 4.3173 day orbital period suspected to harbour either a low mass B star or a black hole (BH) companion. On the other hand, WR 71 is only a suspected single lined spectroscopic binary, also thought to comprise a compact companion (cc) in a short 7.7- day period orbit. In both cases, no obvious signatures of the unseen companions have been detected. Therefore, in an attempt to explain their extreme runaway status, these stars were often interpreted as WR+cc binaries; a rarely observed class of objects. In order to identify the nature of WR 148’s companion, we obtained multiple spec- tra from l’Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic (OMM) in conjunction with two nights of spectra at opposite quadratures at Keck Observatory. Similarly, to reveal WR 71’s bi- nary status, we obtained one month of uninterrupted space-based photometry from the MOST micro satellite (Microvariability and Oscillations of STars) in parallel with sev- eral ground based spectroscopy. We conclude that neither targets belong to the rare WR+cc systems. WR 148’s com- panion is now found to be an O star rather than the expected B star or BH and WR 71 is in fact a normal single star runaway. The implications of this are then discussed.

Keyphrases: Stars: Wolf-Rayet, Stars: mass-loss, Stars: kinematics and dynamics, Individual star: WR 148, Individual star: WR 71
Les comportements alimentaires des adolescents du Québec : analyse de données qualitatives portant sur les motivations alimentaires d'adolescents québécois de 12 à 14 ans

Context. Adolescence is a complex period marked by an important identity quest. Eating behaviours adopted during this period of life tend to influence growth and health in the long term. Individual, social, environmental and societal factors can influence teenagers’ eating habits.  Objectives. This study is aimed at exploring what is most spontaneously expressed as feeding motivations by teenagers between 12 and 14 years old. Inspired by Renner et al.’s study (2012) about eating motivations, determinants of the adolescent food choices will be identified and then the main influence factors guiding their eating habits will be explored (Story et al., 2002).  Methods. This project is an analysis of the qualitative data from the research project “Teenagers 12-14: Sociocultural dimensions of eating habits and physical activity of teenagers’’ (Ados 12-14: Les dimensions socioculturelles des pratiques alimentaires et d’activité physique des adolescents (2014)). It is based on the analysis of individual interviews with 50 girls and boys aged between 12 and 14 years old. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a deductive approach and the motivation measuring scale of Renner et al. (2012) as an analysis grid.  Results. Amongst numerous factors, individual and socioenvironmental factors stood out. Globally, parents’ influence, eating preferences, the desire to make a good social impression, and health were decisive factors, sometimes even stronger than pleasure.  Conclusion. Many factors impacting eating behaviors in the teenage population of Québec were identified in this study. The results generated by this data analysis will be useful for public health nutritionists for the design of intervention plans for the promotion of healthy eating habits within the Québec teenage population.

Keyphrases: Pratiques alimentaires, Alimentation, Adolescent, Adolescence, Eating habit, Eating behavior, Determinant of eating choices, Consumption motivation, Food, Youth, Teenagers, Adolescence
Une nouvelle technique pour les pulpotomies en dentition primaire : une étude clinique contrôlée randomisée comparant les succès cliniques et
radiologiques de l’utilisation de la biodentine versus celle du formocrésol et oxyde de zinc eugénol

Objective and hypothesis : The aim of this study is to demonstrate that BD is an adequate biomaterial for pulpotomies in the primary dentition and that it constitutes an alternative to FC. The hypothesis is that BD will perform better (superior clinical and radiographic success rate) than FC. Method : This is a randomized controlled trial. All patients were treated under general anesthesia, in the private practice of 4 pediatric dentists. Treated teeth were all allocated either to the experimental group (BD pulpotomies) or to the control group (FC pulpotomies) according to a randomization list. The patients were followed after 6 and 12 months for clinical and radiographic examination. Results : 232 teeth (72 patients) were included in this study. At the 12 months follow-up visit, 135 teeth were available for clinical examination : 71 teeth in the BD group (69 success, 2 failures) and 64 teeth in the FC group (no failure). For the radiographic examination, after 12 months, only 71 teeth were available : 36 teeth in the BD group (31 success et 5 failures) and 35 teeth in the FC group (22 success and 13 failures). The survival analysis shows no difference in clinical success rate, but there is a statistically significant difference (p=0,03) in the radiographic success rate between BD (86%) and FC (63%). Conclusion : Biodentine is an adequate material for pulpotomies in the primary dentition and it performed similarly than FC for short term clinical success. Biodentine would be an alternative to FC considering its better radiographic outcomes after 12 months of treatment.

Keyphrases: Pulpotomies, Biodentine, Pulpotomy, Primary teeth, Formocresol, Biodentine
Enjeux identitaires dans deux romans de la route québécois : Chercher le vent et La foi du braconnier

The relationship between Quebec and American identities is often explored in Quebec literature. The genre of the road novel seems particularly conducive to these identity questions, since the trip inevitably causes a form of encounter with otherness, which pushes the traveler to question his identity, the identity linked to the place where he goes and the relationship between them.  Thus, this master’s thesis deals with identity issues in two Quebec road novels of the twenty-first century, Chercher le vent [Necessary Betrayals] by Guillaume Vigneault (2001) and La foi du braconnier by Marc Séguin (2009), through sociocriticism. More specifically, it mobilizes the concept of Americanity, which, by focusing on the components of (North) American identity, supposes there sould be common characteristics to anyone who lives in the same territory or participates in its history.  Throughout this study, the analysis of socio-cultural referents, of the relationship between characters and territory and of the language shows the main characters’ perceptions of the different identities involved and the links between them. It also sheds light on the relationships between the protagonists and the identities that inhabit them and those that surround them. Ultimately, as Jack in Chercher le vent appears uninhibited in regards to his plural identity, Marc S. Morris, in La foi du braconnier, experiences his sense of belonging in a much more confrontational manner.

Keyphrases: Guillaume Vigneault, Marc Séguin, Quebec novel, Road novel, Identity, Americanity
Le Printemps érable au Journal de Montréal : figures de l’imaginaire social et mise en récit

This Master’s essay examines coverage of the 2012 Quebec student protests, often called the « Maple Spring », by the Journal de Montréal. Through a sociocritical approach (Claude Duchet, Edmond Cros, Régine Robin) and using the concept of social imaginary (Pierre Popovic), we ask why and how this publication could breed antagonism between the social groups in question. By dissecting the journalistic coverage (front pages, caricatures, articles, columns, readers’ opinions) and studying the interactions between this corpus and the iconic and poetic dimensions of the social imaginary, we come to identify singular storytelling effects, as well as poeticization and fictionalization effects. If our theoretical hypothesis is based on a dynamic link between the corpus and some active representations in the collective imaginary, our hermeneutic hypothesis leads us to explore the different ways in which the Montreal daily constructed and provided substitution figures for its actual speakers through which readers could more or less take position : the Driver, the Taxpayer, the Democrat, the Business Owner, the Know-It-All, the Spoiled Brat, the Over-Indulged Child, the Artist, the Radical, the Bully, the Lefty and the Terrorist. Grouped into two rival factions, the "Street" and the "Silent Majority", these substitution figures were all key players in the emergence of a certain reshaping of events suggesting a hypocritical and pernicious assault against Quebec democracy. When a journalist titles his text "Party downtown," what does he implies about strikers and the narrative of the event? What does the caricature diptych proposed by Marc Beaudet, bringing the reader right back in the middle of the Oka crisis, reveal? How is Christopher Nolan’s last film, Batman: The Dark Knight Rises relevant to the « Maple Spring »? These are some of the questions that this essay endeavour to answer in very concrete terms.

Keyphrases: Journal de Montréal, Student strike, Maple Spring, Journalistic literature, Sociocriticism, Modern era, Social imaginary