NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L’expérience de dispenser des soins palliatifs à domicile pour
des infirmières travaillant dans un contexte non spécialisé

In the past few years, the definition of palliative care was extended to include all diseases with a poor prognosis. The province of Quebec modified the health care system to focus more on ambulatory care and created a palliative care policy with one of its principal directives being to maintain patients in their own milieu. As only 10% of patients requiring palliative care presently receive it, we can expect an increase in demands for palliative home care in the CSSS’s of Quebec. The goal of the present study is to describe and understand the lived experiences of the nurses of a CSSS of the Montreal sector who deliver palliative home care in a nonspecialized context. A qualitative phenomenological research was developed with the Human Becoming Theory of R.R. Parse as a theoretical framework. Eight semi-directed interviews were done with nurses working in home care of a CSSS of the Montreal region. These nurses do palliative care in a non-specialized context. Giorgi’s (1997) phenomenological method was used for data analysis. Three themes describing the experiences of home care nurses providing palliative care in a non specialized context emerged from the analysis. Nurses accompany patients and their families, by committing themselves to providing humane care and by developing an accompaniment relationship with the patient and his/her loved ones. Nurses must cope with the patient’s and family’s reactions and often need to inform the patient of the progression of his/her disease. Secondly, nurses are dedicated to provide quality care by dealing with the complexity of providing palliative care at home, while doing symptoms management and attempting to develop their expertise. Finally, the theme which has the most interesting results is that being confronted by death allows nurses to grow. Nurses personally go through emotions, received support, are personally touched by death, experience satisfaction by the care they give and personally learn by their experience. The essence of the phenomenon is that when nurses providing palliative home care in a non specialized context accompany truly patients and their family, while giving quality care, it creates conditions for the nurses to grow personally and professionally on their views of life and death.

Keyphrases: home care, lived experience, nurses, palliative care, human becoming
Le développement de l'intérêt pour la politique chez les adolescents

This dissertation studies factors linked to the development of political interest among teenagers through three articles. I use panel data from questionnaires distributed each year for three years to Montreal high school students.  The first article examines the role of the social network (parents, friends, teachers) in the development of political interest. I demonstrate that parents who often discuss politics have children who are more interested in politics and who are more likely to develop political interest. The effect of other agents of socialization should not be underestimated, however, as friends were often found to be on par with parents concerning their influence on change in political interest, and results concerning teachers suggest that some classes, history in this case, can play an important civic role. The second article addresses the question of causality between political interest and three attitudes: cynicism, party attachment and civic duty. I investigate the extent to which these attitudes have an effect on change in political interest, and, conversely, the extent to which political interest affects change in these attitudes. Analysis of the data shows a reciprocal relationship between cynicism and interest, as well as between civic duty and interest. In the case of party affinity, however, the effect is unidirectional. Party affinity does not emerge as a result of political interest or disinterest, while this attitude was found to influence the development of political interest. The third article uses interviews to address the question of the development of political interest. Thirteen teenagers, each of whom participated in all three waves of the panel survey, were interviewed. Their comments were analyzed in light of three research questions:  Do young people have a negative image of politics? Are they conflict-averse? Are their friends central in the development of their political interest? Teenagers express a moderate opinion of politics, often devoid of the cynicism attributed them, as well as a taste for debates and other concrete practices of politics. Their interest, however, does not reflect strong engagement. Finally, their parents are more important than their friends when it comes to the development of their political interest.

Keyphrases: adolescence, political interest, political socialization, adolescence, development, cynicism, party attachment, civic duty
Wirklichkeit und Fiktion : Alfred Döblins „Tatsachenphantasie“
in seinem historischen Roman „November 1918“

As a result of the acute understanding of the constructibility of historical writings, the historiography and the literary sciences have come closer in the last few years. Hayden White shows in his book Metahistory (1973) that the narrative techniques historians use in their historical writings are similar to those used by the authors of literary writings. The narratology has also become a discipline, which allows the dialogue between historiography and literary sciences. Thus, the (post)modern theories of historiography and the concepts of metafiction in literature have an impact on one another.    In this context, it is more than challenging to analyse the historical novel November 1918 written by the German author Alfred Döblin (1878-1957), as he already anticipates in the 1920es this evolution of historiography and literature. His historical novel November 1918 is, despite its modernity, a relatively unknown novel, not only to the public, but also to the literary critics. Döblin combines in this novel the monumental realistic description of historical events with the existential analysis of his protagonists. As far as the formal aspects are concerned, he combines the experimental narrative techniques of the avant-garde with the traditional elements, thus unveiling the conviction of the traditional realist author that a fictional literary work can bring out a hidden truth about history and reality. Therefore, he creates a unique form of literature linking tradition and innovation. He caracterises this form, in his poetological writings by means of two key-concepts: “modernes Epos” and “Tatsachenphantasie”: “modern epos” and “fantasy of the real”.         In my dissertation I intend to define these key-concepts in Alfred Döblin’s poetics with a view to establish the theoretical setting for the interpretation of his novel November 1918. Since Döblin himself defines in his theoretical essays the “fantasy of the real” as portrayal of both real and fantastic elements, my dissertation focuses on this fictional tension between reality and fantasy, between the elements specific to the realist writings and those specific to the fantastic ones. The “incursion of the demonic” and “the narrator demiurge” are two innovative concepts I present in my dissertation. These concepts should lead to a better definition and understanding of Döblin’s novel poetics.

Keyphrases: novel, narratology, fantastic, realism, historical novel, modernism
Lien entre la légitimité perçue de la violence subie dans l’enfance et les comportements violents à l’égard des enfants du point de vue de pères québécois

Intergenerational patterns of violence against children and perceptions of childhood abuse have not been studied a lot among general population or fathers. The objective of the present study is to determine the link between frequencies of childhood severe physical violence and its perceived legitimacy (first), and minor physical and psychological violence against children in actual family (second) in a sample of 204 fathers from Quebec. Results indicate a significant link between frequencies of childhood severe physical violence and its perceived legitimacy, and violence against children in actual family. Fathers who have often or very often lived childhood severe physical violence have children who suffer more psychological violence than fathers who have lived it sometimes. The more fathers think that childhood violence was deserved, the more their children suffer psychological violence. Finally, children of fathers who think that childhood severe physical violence was sometimes deserved suffer less minor physical violence than those of fathers who think that it was often or very often deserved. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Keyphrases: Punition corporelle, Intergenerational patterns, Severe physical violence, Minor physical violence, Corporal punishment, Psychological violence, Perceived legitimacy, Fathers, General population
Identification and characterization of the transcriptional targets of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in granulosa cells

The Wnts comprise a large family of local-acting, secreted glycoprotein signaling molecules that are known mostly for the numerous roles they play in embryonic development and cancer.  Several Wnts, their cognate receptors of the Frizzled (Fzd) family and other components of the Wnt signaling pathways are expressed in the postnatal ovary, and several have been shown to exhibit specific patterns of regulation in response to gonadotropin stimulation.  Nonetheless, their role(s) in ovarian physiology remain poorly defined. To study the role of WNT4 in follicle development, we endeavoured to identify its transcriptional targets in granulosa cells.  To this end, we used the Catnbflox(ex3)/flox(ex3) mouse model, in which constitutive activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is obtained following Cre-mediated genetic recombination. Cultured granulosa cells from these mice were infected with adenoviruses to either overexpress WNT4 or to express Cre.  RNA from these cells was then extracted and subjected to microarray analysis.  Results revealed that a large proportion of the genes induced by WNT4 were genes previously shown to mediate cellular stress responses. Nearly all genes that were up-regulated by WNT4 were also induced by the Cre, indicating that WNT4 signals via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in these cells. Our findings suggest that WNT4 mediates ovarian follicle survival by inducing a stress response in granulosa cells, thereby increasing their resistance to apoptosis.

Keyphrases: WNT4, β-catenin, Follicle development, Granulosa cells, WNT4, β-catenin, Microarray
Les effets du néo-patrimonialisme sur la démocratie : de la pratique du présidentialisme et du clientélisme au Sénégal

This text is about state of democracy in Senegal since the political changeover in 2000. Using a minimal definition of democracy – respect of political and civil liberties, free and fair elections – completed by the separation of state powers, it aims to answer to the following question : why is the functioning of democracy hampered in Senegal? The hypothesis is that neopatrimonialism, through personalization of power and clientelism, hinders the respect of democratic rules in this West African country.     To analyze the impact of neopatrimonialism on democracy in Senegal, this text draws from the sociological institutionalism as theory. This approach provides a broad definition of institutions which includes formal norms as well as informal rules. In this perspective, neopatrimonialism and democracy embody institutions because the former has a set of informal rules and the later a set of formal norms and procedures. These two institutions structure and shape the individual behaviour. In this institutional confrontation, the neopatrimonial rules have a deeper impact on the action of Senegalese elites, particularly the president.   To verify the hypothesis, one refers to studies that analyze the link between democracy and neopatrimonialism in Senegal and in Africa. This text also takes into account current events and striking political facts since 2000. The analysis is essentially qualitative and divided in two empirical chapters. The first one (chapter II in the text) studies the separation of powers and how the Senegalese president, Abdoulaye Wade, control the parliement and courts. The second empirical chapter (chapter III in the text) is subdivided in two sections. The first section examines how civil and political liberties are restricted by Wade’s inclination to authoritarianism.  The second section analyses the numerous irregular situations that characterize senegalese elections : violence, lack of ressources for the electoral authority, frequent change of electoral timetable, partiality of the justice.    On the whole, the hypothesis is confirmed, which is problematic to most of subsaharian African states. Neopatrimonialism is a fundamental feature of African politics. Its persistence could constitute a source of difficulty for African regimes that begin or will begin democratization like Senegal did.

Keyphrases: Institutions, Democracy, Neopatrimonialism, Senegal, Institutions, Separation of powers, Civil and political liberties, Elections, Personalization of power, Clientelism
Flexibilité des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines et intention de quitter des salariés

The employees’ intention to quit their jobs. To do this, we had to define various components that surround our main concept. We refer to areas of choice on the organization and the organization of working time, areas of choice on the remuneration, the training.... The description of these practices, which are found to be in the heart of the concept of «cafeteria HRM », enable us to realize that human resources management knows a new side, it is mainly explained by the fact that companies desire today to get closer to the expectations of their employees by offering them a number of areas of choice in their jobs. Managers in human resources try to customize practices, which requires flexibility on the part of organizations Thus, this study allowed us to present a theoretical model that aims to test the influence of the flexibility of choosing different areas of «cafeteria HRM » on the intention to quit among employees. Results obtained using data from a Haitian bank and multivariate analysis highlight the significant impact of some practices and the mediating role of sense of self-determination in the employees’ intention to quit their job. Keywords: Intention of voluntary departure, flexibility practices of «cafeteria HRM », a sense of self-determination

Keyphrases: Intention of voluntary departure, Flexibility Practices of «cafeteria HRM, A sense of self-determination
Théorèmes d'existence pour des systèmes d'équations différentielles et d'équations aux échelles de temps

In this thesis, we present existence theorems for systems of third order nonli- near diﬀerential equations, for systems of ﬁrst order nonlinear time scales equa- tions and inclusions and for systems of second order nonlinear time scales equa- tions under some boundary conditions. In chapter three, we introduce a concept of solution-tube to get existence theorems for systems of third order diﬀerential equations. This new deﬁnition generalizes to systems the notions of lower- and upper-solution to third order diﬀerential equations introduced in [34]. In the last part of this chapter, we study third order systems when the right member f sa- tisﬁes a Wintner-Nagumo growth condition. To obtain an existence result in this case, we use the theory of diﬀerential inclusions. This result generalizes in many ways a theorem due to Grossinho and Minhós [34].     The next chapter concerns the existence of solutions for two kind of systems of ﬁrst order time scales equations. Existence results for these problems are obtained with new notions of solution-tube adapted to these systems. Our ﬁrst theorem ge- neralizes to systems and to an arbitrary time scale a result for diﬀerence equations due to Mawhin and Bereanu [9]. Our result permits to deduce the existence of so- lutions for systems which could not be treated in a result of Dai and Tisdell [17]. The second theorem of this chapter generalizes under few conditions some results of [60]. The ﬁfth chapter presents a new existence theorem for a system of ﬁrst order time scales inclusions. As far as we know, there is no result in the littera- ture for this kind of system of inclusions. Therefore, this chapter opens new doors in the branch of time scales inclusions. Again, our new result is obtained with the introduction of an hypothesis of solution-tube adapted to the problem studied.     In the last chapter, existence of solutions for systems of second order time scales equations are obtained. The ﬁrst result of this chapter generalizes theo- rems of [36] since the hypothesis used by these authors to get a priori bounds for solutions is a particular case of our deﬁnition of solution-tube for this type of problems. Let us mention also that our notion of solution-tube generalizes to systems the deﬁnitions of lower- and upper-solution used for second order time scales equations by [4] and [55]. We also generalize to systems, results obtained for second order time scales equations. Finally, we conclude this chapter with a new existence result for systems of second order time scales equations with a right member depending on the ∆-derivative.

Keyphrases: Majoration a priori des solutions, Nonlinear analysis, Systems of differential equations, Systems of time scales equations, A priori bounds for solutions
Étude de nouveaux complexes de type ansa-chromocène

Only a few ansa-chromocenes complexes are known but some of them have shown interesting reactivities such as the ability to coordinate a carbon monoxide molecule to the chromium center without being under continuous gas pressure, which is not the case for the chromocene analogue. The most surprising ansa-chromocene is without doubt Me2Si(C5Me4)2Cr, because it is the only example of an ansa-chromocene lacking additional ligands. However, the compound was obtained by accident and the mechanism of its formation was neither well established nor understood. Only a tentative mechanism was published. During the course of the present study, the proposed mechanism has been disproved by a series of experiments that led to the elaboration of a new mechanism. The reactivity of Me2Si(C5Me4)2Cr has been studied by reactions with various compounds. No oxidative addition product was isolated, but the reaction with isonitrile yielded an asymmetric complex with two isonitriles coordinated to chronium. The determination of the magnetic moment of this complex confirmed two unpaired electrons at room temperature and indicated the possibility of an S=2 transition at higher temperature. The synthesis of new unsaturated ansa-chromocene complexes has been attempted with other ansa ligands, and the reaction with [C2H4(C9H6)2]Li2 led to a dimeric complex with bridged indenyl ligands.

Keyphrases: Ligand ansa, Ligand nacnac, Ansa ligand, Nacnac ligand, Ansa-chromocenes, X-ray diffraction
Le cyberpunk vernaculaire de l’Amérique latine : dystopies, virtualités et résistances

Heirs to the tradition of Borgesian fantasy, impregnated by a reality built upon pre-Columbian myths and the industrial residues of modernity, and developed in the age of globalisation, postmodernism, videogames, digital cinema and animation, Latin American cyberpunk is cultivated from Mexico to Argentina, passing through Cuba and other countries not usually recognized in the world of science fiction like Paraguay and Bolivia. Barely perceived in the works of certain canonical writers such as Ricardo Piglia, Carmen Boullosa or Edmundo Paz-Soldán, cyberpunk manifests itself fully in the writings of young interdisciplinary artists and constant fanzine collaborators. This sub-genre adaptation in a continent better known not only for “lo real maravilloso” and magical realism, notwithstanding other more recent generations of writers such as “McOndo” and “Crack”, tries to elaborate a series of responses to questions issued from the historical and artistic moment of contemporary life: how to place Latin American identity within the new worldwide cultural mapping by means of a literature searching to reinvent itself within the mainstream space and the marginality of its own genre? What are the strategies of assimilation and resistance adopted by these young Latin American cyberpunk writers in the face of literary and cinematographic Anglo American cyberpunk? Can one speak of an aesthetic and philosophical impact on Latin American culture, normally perceived not as a producer but rather a passive consumer of this sort of cultural production?   This thesis intends to deal with these questions in reflecting on one of the constituent devices of cyberpunk: dystopia in conjunction with post-identitary discourses in Latin America. An almost mimetic representation of Latin America’s sociocultural and historical space through violence and political, military ethnic or sexual repression, dystopia is a means to articulate certain spatial figures in national myths and identity politics within the context of globalisation. This latter sociocultural reality, along with the aesthetic ideology that conveys it throughout cyberpunk, enters in conflict with those discourses of national identity, leading us to reflect on post-identity issues.   Relying on works on dystopia and identity in Anglo American cyberpunk, as well as on Latin American cultural studies, I will peruse a corpus made up of the novels La primera calle de la soledad (1993) by Gerardo Horacio Porcayo, Santa Clara Poltergeist (1991) by Fausto Fawcett, Ygdrasil (2005) by Jorge Baradit, and the films No muera sin decirme adónde vas (1992) by Eliseo Subiela and La sonámbula (1998) by Fernando Spiner. In these works, dystopia meshes with virtual reality narratives and covers aspects of the identity such as national and sexual myths, memory, trauma as well as minorities utopian projects.

Keyphrases: Cyberpunk, Cyberpunk, Latin American Litertature, Distopia, Virtual Reality, Post-identity, Nationalism, Trauma, Dream in films, Sexuality