NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Le rôle de la preuve dans la décision d’enregistrer un plaidoyer de culpabilité au Canada

This research paper aims to document the defendants’ perceptions of the various evidence held against them in criminal cases and the influence that its strength has on the decision to plead guilty. The guilty plea bargain is a very common practice in the Canadian judicial system. Due to the advent of new technologies and various techniques in constant evolution guiding the professionals and enabling the exploitation of new types of evidence, it is necessary to carefully study this topic. To do so, 26 individuals having either pleaded guilty or been convicted were asked to complete a questionnaire. It was found that the majority of them (88.5%) had pleaded guilty. Amongst them, more than half based this decision on the strength of the evidence against them. Moreover, when the defendant qualifies evidence as strong, there is always at least one piece of physical evidence. The results of this paper shed light on the fact that the credibility given to physical evidence is usually larger and less variable than the credibility given to the witness evidence. With the overall aim of improving the knowledge about the implications of this practice and adapting future policies, it would be relevant to further investigate the impact of the different types of evidence on the defendants’ decisions.

Keyphrases: guilty plea, strength of evidence, physical evidence, witness or statement evidence, defendant's perceptions, evidence's credibility
La situation et la prise en charge des adolescents suivis parallèlement en vertu de la LPJ et la LSJPA

Some youth followed by the CJM-IU are simultaneously involved in child welfare services and juvenile justice. They are also known as “crossover youth” or “dually- adjucated youth”. In 2007, the Guide d’interventions concurrentes en vertu de la LPJ- LSJPAfound 163 multi-system cases. Inspite of their small number, they need an integrate response that address their protection and rehabilitation needs. Maltreatment, behaviour disorders and delinquency seem to be relevant notions when considering their developmental path. The objective of this report is to study the link between the path in child welfare services and juvenile justice by considering teenagers and professionals experiences. This report reaches to dress a general portrait of crossover youth by integrating and comparing theirs issues and the legal and social responses giving by different services. The results suggest that crossover youth have complex issues in multiple areas: emotional, cognitive, neurological and behavioural. Social and legal responses seem to be incomplete taking into account only a part of the difficulties. Finally, empirical data shows a link between maltreatment and delinquency which is also appreciated in this report. Based on this result, the connexion between child welfare services and juvenile justice is necessary.

Keyphrases: child welfare, juvenile justice, developmental path
Étude des liens entre l’intensité du trouble alimentaire et le niveau de
motivation au changement chez des adolescentes atteintes d’anorexie

Adolescents with anorexia are often described as being ambivalent to change, even resistant. Motivation to change has been identified as a promising variable in the treatment of anorexia due to its predictive value on treatment outcomes. In this regard, the Transtheoretical Model of Change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982) provides a theoretical framework for understanding the process of change in this population. However, the factors that influence the motivation to change in the therapeutic process remain unclear. Eating disorder severity is one of the factors that could modulate this variable. Thus, this study has three objectives. The first is to describe the distribution of a group of teenage girls hospitalized for anorexia through the different stages of readiness to change (n = 32) using two instruments. Then, it examines the relationship between eating disorder severity and the level of motivation for change among them.  Finally, a comparison of two instruments for measuring motivation is conducted. The participants completed self-report questionnaires at the beginning of their hospitalization. Results show that the sample is distributed across the five stages of motivation to change and that eating disorder severity is negatively related to motivation for change. Results found with the two instruments of motivation for change suggest that they are both similar. It also offers potential therapeutic goals associated with eating disorder severity that could foster motivation to change.

Keyphrases: Clinical psychology, Motivation to change, Stages of change, Eating disorder severity, Anorexia, Eating disorder, Adolescent girls
Les protestants sont plus idolophobes qu’iconoclastes!

This paper synthesizes protestant theology of pictures, showing that its aim is to prevent idolatry. It reminds that the Reform was selective in its iconoclasm. It emphasizes the existence of protestant painters, from Hans Holbein the Younger to André Bieler. It explains how Reformers dealt with the question of images. It contrasts Lutheran and Calvinist positions, especially regarding their interpretation of the second commandment, which forbids idols. It specifies under which conditions a picture is able to transmit Gospel.

Keyphrases: Images, Religion
De la confiance trahie à la faute, n’y a-t-il qu’un pas ? Une réponse à Laliberté

The management of the vulnerable persons involves questions of balance at the level of the organization providing public-private healthcare and questions about patient trust.

Keyphrases: résidence, trust, ethics, fault, vulnerable persons, residence, intermediate resource
La reconnaissance d’autrui comme prérequis à toute forme de consentement et d’assentiment : Une réponse à Verpaelst et Touyz

Medicine creates a tacit contract of appropriation of the medicalized body that consent forms simply formalize. The story of Frank Verpaelst highlights the primacy of the need for recognition that is inherent to the doctor/patient encounter, whether in the context of teaching, research or care.

Keyphrases: assentiment, Axel Honneth, consent, assent, theory of recognition, medicalization
Engendered Conversations: Gender Subversion Through Fictional Dialogue in Lawrence, Hemingway and Forster

This dissertation examines gendered fictional dialogue in popular works by D.H. Lawrence, Ernest Hemingway and E.M. Forster, including Howards End (1910), The Sun Also Rises (1926) and Lady Chatterley’s Lover (1928). I apply Judith Halberstam’s notion of female masculinity to direct speech, to explore how speech traits inform modernist literary aesthetics. My introduction frames this discussion in sociolinguistics, Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, M.M. Bakhtin’s discourse theory, and gender studies. It provides an opportunity to establish experimental dialogue techniques, and the manipulation of gendered talk, in transgressive texts including James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922), Virginia Woolf’s Orlando (1928) and Radcyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness (1928). The first chapter discusses taboos and dialect in D.H. Lawrence’s fictional dialogue. The second chapter establishes gender subversion as a crucial element in Ernest Hemingway’s dialogue style. The third chapter contrasts Forster’s latently gendered speech with his techniques of dialect emphasis and dialect suppression. Finally, my conclusion discusses gender identity in the poetry of Dorothy Parker and Baroness Elsa von Freytag Loringhoven, and the temporality of gender in “Time Passes” from Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse (1927). New Woman characters like Lady Brett Ashley typified a crucial moment in women’s liberation. They not only subverted stereotypes of womanhood through their dress or sexual freedom, they also adopted/adapted masculine idiom to shock, to rebel against and challenge male dominance. Different speech acts incited fashionable slang, became a political protest symbol or inspired psychoanalytic theory. The intriguing functions of women’s masculine speech in early twentieth century fiction establishes the need to examine additional connections between gender and talk in literary studies.

Keyphrases: D.H. Lawrence, Ernest Hemingway, E.M. Forster, Virginia Woolf, Radclyffe Hall, Elsa von Freytag Loringhoven, Modernism (Literature), Dialogue in literature, Sociolinguistics, Judith Halberstam-Female masculinity
When Two Worlds Meet: A Response to Heesters

This is a commentary on the article of Heesters, “Healthy as a trout – as delicate as a dragon-fly”, in which she describes her experience of illness. Her text shows that there are two worlds that are difficult to reconcile: that of caregivers and sick people. The question is how to reconcile these two worlds of meaning. To receive good care is certainly necessary, but not sufficient to the extent that sick people are also motived by the need to understand their existence that has been disturbed by illness. The contact of the humanities, all those forms of expression that touch on the human condition, is of substantial help to enabling caregivers to accompany sick people so that the latter can put words to their lived experience. The humanities help to reduce the gap between the medical world and the lived experience. And the text of Heesters represents a good example.

Keyphrases: phénoménologie, healthcare, sick, phenomenology, humanities
When Disability Rhymes with Negative Bias: A Response to Verpaelst

In this commentary on F. Verpaelst’s text “Disability is in the Eye of the Beholder”, I discuss the power of language and image in shaping our constructed view of life with disability. Disability often rhymes with negative bias, rather than empowering personal dignity.

Keyphrases: disability, dignity, negative bias, social construction, view of life
Bedside Teaching and Respecting the Pediatric Patient: A Response to Verpaelst

Bedside teaching involving patients, physicians, and students is a ubiquitous technique used for medical training. Respect, valid informed consent, and transparency are key to ethical and effective teaching. Patient refusal in participating in bedside teaching must be respected. These ought to apply to patients of all ages, including children, who may not fully understand or be capable of consenting to participating in teaching.

Keyphrases: pediatrics, bioethics, consent, bedside teaching, clinical ethics, medical education
La conciliation travail-famille : le défi des mères médecins

Doctors, given the requirements of their profession, have important work-family balance challenges. Measures supporting work-life balance would be beneficial for all physicians (especially for women), their children and their patients.

Keyphrases: work-life balance, work-family conflict, Bill 20, doctors, feminization, medical profession, ethics, children
Les facteurs de protection et leurs implications pour le 
traitement des délinquants sexuels

Abstract Objective: Protective factors are a topical issue in literature. However, no consensus exists as to their definition, as well as their possible effects on the delinquent behavior. In addition, very little information is known about which factors may influence the desistance among sex offenders, as well as their possible implications in the treatment of adult sex offenders. The objective of this research was to determine the empirical support to these different points and to establish, concretely, how protective factors are being used in correctional programs that aim to reduce the risk of sexual recidivism. Method: In order to answer these questions, a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The keywords used were "protective factor" and "offender". A total of 15 articles were selected according to the different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, four were empirical studies regarding protective factors, while the other 11 articles were theoretical in nature.  Results: This systematic review of the literature helped us conclude that there is very few empirical support regarding protective factors, since the majority of these articles were theoretical. The listed empirical studies had mostly been conducted on small sample or specific populations, making it difficult to establish clear conclusions and thus, to concretely determine the real nature of protective factors. Also, this study allowed us to establish that the identification of a protective factor brings nothing more than the absence of a risk factor. It is therefore appropriate to question the usefulness of the so-called "protective" factors.  Keywords: Protective factors, sex offenders.

Keyphrases: Protective factors, Sex offenders
Ethique du policy maker et dynamique macroéconomique en régime de Currency Board : le cas de Djibouti

This communication focuses on the Djibouti monetary system based on the currency board. We highlight the conditions of its emergence, and stability after independence. This system certainly has the advantage of relying on a monetary rule limiting drifts economic policy. It establishes a dynamic development based not on the discretion, but the rules of convertibility and coverage of foreign exchange reserves. The anchoring of expectations does not have to be confronted with the ethics of policy maker and respect for good governance criteria. However, the risk of a stall with the reference currency -i.e. the US dollar- exist given excessive external debt and structural budget deficit and the current account. Add to that the weak governance in the management of public affairs. Simulations of the sustainability of external debt indicate that risks are important.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, governance, liquidity, credibility, money supply, philosophy, ethics, economics, Currency Board, liquidité, crédibilité
Friedensbilderbücher - Die österreichische Kinder- und Jugendbuchautorin Mira Lobe als Friedenserzieherin

The purpose of this study is to lay the groundwork for a dialogue between the fields of picture book studies and peace education in order to highlight the different forms and functions of picture books for peace. This study shows how these books contribute to peace literacy in children and motivate them to act for peace, by looking at how and why they are written and how and why they work. Picture books are an ideal medium to educate children about peace. Very early in the childhood socialization process, these books can convey concepts and key skills and eventually instill in the child values rooted in a culture of peace. This research is based on the theme of peace as dealt with in the works of the Austrian author Maria Lobe (1913-1995). Seven peace picture books are analyzed to determine which strategies and literary, pedagogical, semiotic, narrative and aesthetic approaches the author used to deal with sometimes delicate and taboo complex human, political and social issues in her works for young audiences. The research also seeks to show how these works may help develop empathy, an aversion for violence and a desire for peace in children who may thus learn to choose peace and become peacemakers. The results and conclusions drawn from the fields of education and studies of picture books lead us to demonstrate how Mira Lobe, through her peace picture books, makes a universal and timeless contribution to peace education.

Keyphrases: Peace studies, Peace education, Picturebook research, Picturebook, Mira Lobe, Austrian literature for children, Empathy, Peace, Violence, Conflict, Conflict resolution, Childhood studies
La controverse éthique en entreprise :
Ce que nous en disent des manuels d’éthique économique

Ethics is the subject of discourses and practices in companies and public spaces. I analyze here the phenomenon in terms of ethical controversy. Speaking of controversy means that a central theme emerges considered by stakeholders as mayor and recognized issues. The ethical controversy produces an effect of domination, but opens also a space for dialogue and confrontation. It produces effects that can lead, however, social actors to potential subversion of social relations. Many "handbooks" of business ethics punctuate the debate in the public space as such they are among the major media of this controversy. But reflections on business ethics are echoing links with conflictuality known by many studies as remaining while turning? Do the handbooks treat the question of the relationship of ethics to economic and social change, and how? Do they make links, or not, with the issues of justice and those of social conflicts within organizations? What conceptions of the subject, its liability and / or freedom, do these books show, or not, as such? Finally, do these business ethics handbooks, namely tackle the means and arrangements put in place under organization and decision, saying, ethical?

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, ethics, controversy, conflict, social norms, individual as subject, philosophy, ethics, economics
Les Déterminants de la demande de crédit des auto-entrepreneurs camerounais : le cas des AGR de Yaoundé

The article aims to analyze the determinants of the demand for credit by households in the city of Yaoundé, using data from a survey conducted in 2009 among 450 households. We propose a new approach of the determinants of credit demand by poor households in Cameroon. While many applicants get credit, many people do not seek credit or do not access the "microfinance". In our case we focus exclusively to individuals who need credit.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Microfinance, Cameroon, philosophy, ethics, economics, Microfinance
Sur la dimension éthique de l’argent : les phénomènes de fuite et de blanchiment de capitaux au Maroc

This paper attempts to study the phenomenon of capital flight and money laundering in Morocco. It also aims at highlighting the scourging affluence of this occurrence which has become a real threat to the country’s economic and financial stability. This paper is motivated by a strong will to demonstrate the urgent necessity to prevent or at least to master this malicious phenomenon. This should not undermine the financial liberalization process pledged by Morocco.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Capital, money laundering, ethics, governance, philosophy, ethics, economics, Capital
Microfinance, accompagnement des demandeurs de crédits : une analyse économique des contrats alternatifs

In this paper, we analyze the structure of the microfinance credit agreements in the presence of a double asymmetry of information on human capital and effort of the beneficiaries of loans. We study the impact of the accompaniment of project leaders on allocative efficiency and the repayment of loans. We find that in the absence of support, the risk of failure of the investment project is high enough and the increase in the interest rate as an adjustment variable discourages investment and amplifies discrimination access to credit. We also show that when the support is implied the risk of the investment project decreases and thus there is no risk transfer as part of the training and accompaniment of borrowers.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Microfinance, information asymmetry, training, discrimination, incentive contracts., philosophy, ethics, economics, Microfinance, formation, discrimination
The monstrous archive. Aesthetics of decay and horror in found footage films

Complicating what archivists call “archives” and blurring ligns of the aesthetic of cinema, found footage filmmakers are an interesting example of archive-using artists. Through integration, collage, compilation, cut, transformation and sometimes destruction of film stock and pixel, they create new pieces extending, changing or annihilating the message of the original works. Through the analysis of two films (Long Live The New Flesh - Nicolas Provost, 2009 and Outer Space - Peter Tscherkassky, 1999) using the particularities of horror cinema, we will focus on how these found footage movie filmmakers shape the genre and how the aesthetic of ruins associated with this cinema understand and reform horror cinema and archival practice.

Keyphrases: Archive, Archives, Found footage
La tentativa hipotesis de lo real : la política heterotópica en Nadie me verá llorar de Cristina Rivera Garza

This thesis studies the poetics of space in which the novel Nadie me verá llorar, published in 1999 and written by Cristina Rivera Garza, is articulated. Locating her novelistic project in the postmodernist perspective of a new cultural History, Rivera Garza outlines an essential moment of the history of the Mexican Revolution, from the so-called Porfiriato until the end of the Revolution. That being said, this author presents a text where a diversity of stories are founded and confounded in a complex whole in which a series of ambiguous spaces is put into perspective. Our analysis tries to explain the interaction between the chronotopes of the History, as a public space, and the private sphere to account for its impact on the narrative structure. As we describe the different modalities of space evoked in the novel, we are interested in the relations linking the spatial ensemble to the official historic time, demonstrating that all those elements are ruled by a heterotopic policy which fissures the official history, inserting elements that are capable of subverting it. The identification and description of such a peculiar discursive strategy allows us the capacity to see this novel from a different perspective. Furthermore, this discursive strategy seems to be characteristic of all of Rivera Garza’s novelistic work.

Keyphrases: Chronotope, Cristina Rivera Garza, Contemporary Mexican literature, History, Postmodernity, Heterotopy
Liv, scénario et processus de création

A screenplay arises in the mind of a being inspired by an event, a person, a story read or told. Liv is based on the life of the main character, Livia, a force of nature who struggled through a difficult journey. This theoretical text that accompanies the "character-based" screenplay (based on a character) entitled Liv is an account of our journey. Having already considered the many angles that have contributed to our text and the development of the story, both historically and artistically, we will also address the complications inherent to the creation of an intimate chronicle based on a marginal character forged by a rich multicultural environment through various segments of Montreal society before and after the war and all that it implies, inspired by the history of the city, cinematographic works of the time, and the testimonies of people who have either known the heroin or simply Montrealers who are her contemporaries.

Keyphrases: immigration, screenwriting, characters, soundtrack, environment, immigration, Montreal, history