NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Reliable Solid Modelling Using Subdivision Surfaces

Subdivision surfaces are a promising alternative method for geometric modelling, and have some important advantages over the classical representation of trimmed-NURBS, especially in modelling piecewise smooth surfaces. In this thesis, we consider the problem of geometric operations on subdivision surfaces with the strict requirement of correct topological form, and since this problem may be ill-conditioned, we propose an approach for managing uncertainty that exists inherently in geometric computation.   We take into account the requirement of the correctness of topological information when considering the nature of robustness for the problem of geometric operations on solid models, and it becomes clear that the problem may be ill-conditioned in the presence of uncertainty that is ubiquitous in the data. Starting from this point, we propose an interactive approach of managing uncertainty of geometric operations, in the context of computation using the standard IEEE arithmetic and modelling using a subdivision-surface representation. An algorithm for the planar-cut problem is then presented, which has as its goal the satisfaction of  the topological requirement mentioned above.

Keyphrases: Uncertainty, Robustness, Geometric computation, Finite-precision computation, Interval arithmetic, Subdivision surfaces
Sadisme filial et vocation littéraire chez Marcel Proust

In A la recherche du temps perdu, every filial relationship is one where the son inevitably causes his mother suffering by committing, according to Proust, a form of parricide. The writings of Marcel Proust before la Recherche, such as the short story “A young girl’s confession” and the newspaper article “Filial sentiments of a parricide”, allow us to understand this ambiguous relationship, at the heart of which we can find the unmeasured love that the son feels for his parent, a love so intense that it soon becomes suffocating. Under these conditions, the parent comes to symbolize to the child “the moral Law” against which he must rebel, choosing cruelty as his weapon. The son, if he is one of those who can stand the sight of their own crimes, enters then in a vicious cycle: with his daily acts of cruelty, he kills – symbolically or in genuinely – the beloved parent, and he enjoys it.  Following this act of sadism, he feels an unbearable guilt that leads him to an even greater masochistic devotion for his parent.  Yet, through the character of the narrator of la Recherche, Proust demonstrates that there is indeed one way to free oneself from this painful guilt, and it is through Art.  Creation, the ultimate crime, excuses and even justifies any previous acts of cruelty. It is the only way of transforming suffering (resulting among other things, from the guilt of having enjoyed causing a beloved parent any kind of suffering) into universal ideas, into art.

Keyphrases: Marcel Proust, In search of lost time, Mother, Guilt, Creation, Sadism, Masochism, Homosexuality, Sexuality
Adapter l'opéra au cinéma, entre création et reproduction : étude sociologique de "La Flûte enchantée" de Bergman

"The Magic Flute" (1975) is a television film directed by Ingmar Bergman which, from a sociological perspective, raises the question of an opera’s film adaptation paired with the aesthetic endeavours of filmmaking. How does Bergman succeed in adapting "The Magic Flute" to a contemporary, mainly Swedish, 1975 audience to whom his film is intended? How does he develop his aesthetic contribution as he comes face to face with the difficult choice between owing respect to the opera, in terms of the libretto’s content and of its reception, and envisioning a work of its own? Through its telecast, Bergman’s film makes the opera accessible to the public at large. By rearranging the libretto, translated into Swedish, it attunes Mozart’s work to contemporary issues. It also bears aesthetic traits which express Bergman’s ideas about the theatrical performance of an opera and has left its imprint on the history of operas on screen.

Keyphrases: Opera, Mozart, Bergman, Cinema, Sociology, "Worlds of art", Publics, Audiences, Opera-film, Aesthetics
Incidence des développements du paramètre harmonique sur la périodisation et la structuration formelle des mélodies de Serge Garant

Among the generation of composers born in the 1920s, Serge Garant (1929-1986) is usually seen as one of the most radical figures of contemporary music. His art songs for voice and piano, the genre in which he composed most of the pieces of the beginning of his career, lend themselves well to the analysis of his explorations of dodecaphonic and serial idioms that followed his abandonment of tonality. Lefebvre and Provost associate the maturity of the composer with Garant's composition of the Caprices (1954), an art song cycle in which he used serialism, as he would in most of his later works. The close relationship between musical form and poetic structure, as well as the type of text setting provide evidence of the presence of a particular musical syntax both before and after 1954. The fact that maturity elements are already present in works written as early as 1951 helps us to understand the process that lead to the composer’s mature language.

Keyphrases: Analysis, Atonality, Dodecaphonism, Art song, Quebec, Poetry, Harmony, Musical form, Serialism
Évaluation de la densité osseuse et du statut nutritionnel en vitamine D chez des
enfants prépubères avec allergie au lait non résolue

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most frequent food allergy seen during childhood. Though usually recognized as transient, recent data suggest that the evolution of CMA has changed over time, having become more persistent and therefore, more capable of jeopardizing child growth and development. The following study included 26 children with proven CMA and 12 controls, recruited at Sainte-Justine hospital, during the winter of 2011-2012. The aim of this study was to compare bone density and vitamin D status (25(OH)D) in prepubertal children with CMA to a control group of children without milk allergy and to document calcium and vitamin D intake as well as the adherence to supplementation in this population. Bone mineral density did not differ significantly between groups. However, low bone mass, as defined by a z score between -1,0 and -2,0 for gender and age, was detected in over 30% of cow's milk allergic children and in over 16% of allergic controls. Calcium intake was significantly lower in children with CMA. Overall, nearly 90% of our study population failed to meet daily recommended intakes for vitamin D, with over 50% of cow's milk allergic children presenting vitamin D status below 75 nmol/L. No difference was detected regarding vitamin D status between groups. Finally, the majority of children with CMA presented a good adherence to calcium and vitamin D supplementation, ≧ 4 days per week, a factor that was associated with a better overall dietary intake of these nutrients. It is therefore important to follow bone health of children with CMA as well as with multiple food allergies, as they present a risk for low bone mass during a period of skeletal growth. Nutrition interventions should monitor supplement adherence in children with CMA to optimize dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, which are presently insufficient.

Keyphrases: allergie, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamine-D, Milk Allergy, Bone Mass, Bone density, Calcium, Vitamin D, Persistent, CMA
Le soutien parental à l’autonomie et l’honnêteté : le rôle médiateur de l’intériorisation de la valeur de l’honnêteté et de l’analyse coûts/bénéfices

Honest communication in parent-adolescent relationships is a precursor of adolescents’ healthy development (Stattin & Kerr, 2000). This study investigates how parents can foster their adolescents’ honest communication. In line with self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), we postulated that the more parents are autonomy supportive, the more their adolescents would be honest with them. We also postulated that this relation would be mediated by two variables: adolescents’ integration of the honesty value and their perception of the costs/benefits of being honest with their parents. Results from Structural Equation Modeling with 174 parent-adolescent dyads showed that the more parents were autonomy supportive, the more adolescents integrated the value of honesty and the more they perceived high benefits and low costs in being honest with their parents. These variables, in turn, were positively related to adolescents’ honest communication behaviors. Parental valuation of honesty also predicted adolescents’ integration of the honesty value.

Keyphrases: Relation parent-adolescent, Honesty, Autonomy support, Parent-adolescent relationship, Self-determination theory, Cost/benefit analysis, Information management, Disclosure
Work design and conflict in the workplace : the moderating effect of personality

The goal of this research is to study the effect of work design on the type of conflict that emerges in the workplace. The concept of work design is divided in two three dimensions, namely task, knowledge and social characteristics. These dimensions are linked to the two dimensions of workplace conflict, that is, task conflict and relationship conflict. This research is also intended to verify the moderating effect of personality traits on the association between work design and workplace conflict. This study is based on 473 employed participants who have experienced workplace conflict up to 6 months prior to the canvass period, which was from January 14th to the 18th 2012.   The results indicate that there is no particular association between work design and conflict in the workplace. With regards to the moderating effect of personality traits, results indicate that these variables do not moderating the association between the dimensions of work design and the type of workplace conflict.   Overall, results do not show a relation between work design and types of workplace conflict, or the moderating effect that personality traits can have on these relations.

Keyphrases: work design, workplace conflict, task conflict, relationship conflict, personality traits, Five-Factor Model
Identification et caractérisation d’une souris mutante Skam26Jus comme un nouveau modèle des anomalies du tube neural

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital malformations in humans affecting 1–2 infants per 1000 births. NTDs are caused by failure of the neural tube to close during embryogenesis. The most common forms of NTDs in humans are anencephaly and spina bifida. Their etiology is complex implicating both environmental and genetic factors. The mouse model represents a powerful tool to investigate the genetics of NTDs. Particularly, mouse mutants at genes belonging to the planar polarity pathway (PCP) developed severe forms of NTDs strongly implicating this pathway in the pathogenesis of NTDs. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel mouse mutant, Skam26Jus, as a model for NTDs. Skam26Jus was generated by N-Ethyl-N-Nitrosuera mutagenesis and displayed a characteristic kinky or loop tail that is considered as the minimal sign if NTDs. Complementation of Skam26Jus mutant with a PCP mouse mutant called Looptail (Lp) showed a genetic interaction between Skam26Jus and Vangl2, the gene mutated in Lp. This led to spina bifida in 50% of double heterozygotes with a kinky or looptail phenotype. Homozygosity mapping followed by a positional candidate gene approach led to the identification of Lrp6 as the gene mutated in Skam26Jus. We detected a homozygous mutation, p.Ile681Arg, in Lrp6 in Skam26Jus mice having loop/kinky tail phenotype. This mutation was absent in 30 inbred strains analyzed indicating that it is disease specific. Genotype-phenotype studies indicated a 52 % penetrance of the p.Ile681Arg mutation. Lrp6 is known to activate Wnt canonical β-catenin pathway and inhibit Wnt non canonical PCP pathway. Sequencing analysis of the open reading frame and exon-intron junctions of human LRP6 in 268 NTD patients led to the identification of 4 novel rare missense mutations that were absent in 272 controls analyzed and in all public databases. These mutations were p.Tyr306His ; p.Tyr373Cys ; p.Val1386Ile ; p.Tyr1541Cys, and of these, p.Val1386Iso was predicted to be benign, and p.Tyr306His ; p.Tyr373Cys and p.Tyr1541Cys were predicted to be possibly pathogenic using bioinformatics tools. Functional validation of these mutations with the luciferase reporter system pTOPflash assay demonstrated that mutation p.Tyr306His, p.Tyr373Cys and iii p.Tyr1541Cys reduced the ability of LRP6 to activate the Wnt canonical β-catenin pathway. Our data suggest that LRP6 could play a role in the development of NTDs in a small fraction of NTD patients. Our study also presents Skam26Jus as a new mouse model for the study of human NTDs and provides an important tool for better understanding of the molecular pathogenic mechanisms underlying NTDs.

Keyphrases: Lrp6, neural tube defects, ENU mutagenesis, mouse model, Wnt signaling, planar cell polarity
La caractérisation neuromagnétique de l'attention sans réflexion chez les méditants zen dans un contexte d'images visuelles négatives

Non-elaborative attentional stance, called mindfulness, demonstrated many positive clinical effects on emotional disorders associated with various medical conditions. The amount of scientific papers addressing the neuronal basis of this attentional stance increases but there is still a need to further investigate, in order to potentially improve clinical interventions. The present study aims to determine, by use of magnetoencephalography, which brain regions correlate with mindfulness in experts, namely, zen meditators. These people cultivate a state in which they abstain from rejecting or seeking sensorial phenomena. In a context of emotional visual stimulation, meditators were instructed to observe images with mindfulness (experimental condition) or without making any effort to do so (control condition). Results suggest that participants experienced less intense emotions in a state of mindfulness: both subjective ratings and an evoked brain response known to be related to emotional intensity, the magnetic Late Positive Potential (mLPP), suggest this. However, the most statistically convincing result surpasses the emotional nature of the presented stimuli. It is a sustained diminution of induced oscillations in the gamma band localized in visual associative regions of the right temporal lobe, regardless of the emotional nature of stimuli. Additionally, mindfulness is associated to a suppression of gamma activity in the left lateral prefrontal cortex. This may indicate a diminution of language-mediated conceptualization of visual stimuli and self-reflective processes. Those results bring a new light on the neural substrate of mindfulness, mostly studied with more limited brain imaging techniques on the level of temporal resolution.

Keyphrases: Emotion, Mindfulness, Zen, Buddhism, Magnetoencephalography, Emotional regulation, Gamma frequency, Late positive potential, Meditation, Brain
Caractérisation des lymphopénies post-chirurgies cardiaques de type Fontan

The thymectomy is a surgical procedure often done during cardiac surgery. It is well known that the resection of the thymus can cause alterations of lymphocyte subpopulations without major clinical consequences. This lymphopenia could be more pronounced in patients who undergone a cardiac surgery named "Fontan". Nevertheless, it is not known if these alterations are due to the thymectomy or this specific type of cardiac surgery. We recruited 19 patients with Fontan surgery and compared them to 6 patients who had a cardiac surgery of another type. Our results show decreased CD4+ and CD8+ naive T cells populations and more specifically, low numbers of thymic emigrants (CD45RA+CD31+/CD4+). Expansion of memory repertoire (CD45RO+) is also noted. These findings are also found in the control group.  Thus, perturbations of T cells populations seem to be related to the thymectomy rather than the type of cardiac surgery. Infections were more severe in the Fontan group but they can be explained by an unfavourable post-operative evolution in this group of patients.

Keyphrases: Fontan, lymphocytes, lymphopenia, thymectomy, thymic emigrants, cardiac surgery
Les stratégies de production orthographique d’élèves dyslexiques francophones du primaire

The development of spelling skill is a very difficult task for students with dyslexia. Spelling in French involves the consideration of various knowledge and strategies. This study aims to describe the use of spelling strategies of 32 dyslexic students (ED) aged from 9 to 12 years and to establish the links between spelling strategies and spelling skill. Students had to spell 24 words under dictation and for each word, provide comments on the strategy employed. The performances of dyslexics were compared to 25 children of the same chronological age (CA) and to 24 children of the same writing skill (CE). The results show that phonological strategies are the most commonly used by all groups of participants. If no such strategy is related to the spelling skill of ED, visuo-orthographic strategy generally accounts the results of CA and CE.

Keyphrases: dyslexie, dyslexia, spelling, learning disabilities, learning disorders, writing skill, word production, orthography, french, spelling development, spelling
Détection et caractérisation génétique de Listeria monocytogenes dans une usine 
d’abattage/découpe de porcs au Québec

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a major public health concern as it was illustrated by the 2008 episodes in cheese and ready-to-eat meat. In Canada, there is currently no surveillance policy of this microorganism in the production steps preceding transformation of ready-to-eat products. The presence and the circulation of this microorganism in these environments is not well documented either. To describe these parameters, we sampled a Quebec slaughtering and cutting plant in the lairage pens and on representative areas of the slaughter process and cutting rooms after washing and disinfection, during a two-year period. A total of 874 samples were collected. Listeria detection followed the MFHPB-30 Health Canada standard method, serotype confirmation was obtained by PCR and isolates were characterized by Apa1 and Asc1 RFLP-PFGE genotyping. We reported detection of Listeria monocytogenes in all stages of production. Among the positive samples, 4 different serovars (mainly 1/2b) emerged. PFGE patterns showed presence of a variety of different genotypes in the lairage and slaughtering areas of the plant and the presence of a major type in the environment of the cutting room (type 1 representing 96.1% of the strains at this step). Furthermore, strains found at the lairage pens were related to strains in the cutting room. These results suggest that Listeria monocytogenes can enter the plant with the animals, contaminate further production steps and that some strains can be selected and their growth promoted in the environment. Hence, becoming predominant, persistant and a food safety issue.

Keyphrases: Listeria monocytogenes, PFGE, Pork, Slaughterhouse, Environment, Cutting room, Lairage pens
Opinion de la population civile par rapport à l’intervention militaire de la communauté internationale lors des opérations de maintien de la paix : le cas de la Bosnie-Herzégovine

The role of the international military community in the peacekeeping operations (PKOs) has been transformed dramatically since the end of the Cold War. Indeed, the community is called to intervene more and more frequently in civil wars, especially when local authorities in the country are no longer able to guarantee citizens’ safety. Furthermore, the role of the military is no longer limited to traditional combat. It must now undertake tasks aimed at developing a relationship with the civilian population whose cooperation is essential for the success of this type of intervention.   The goal of this thesis is to examine the opinions of the civilian population from the Bihać area with respect to the military intervention as part of the PKO in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The history of the conflict, the state of knowledge about the sources of dissatisfaction of the population during PKOs, and interviews with expert witnesses enable us to identify two distinct issues: (1) the large gap between the expectations and the needs of civilians and the mandate given by UN, and (2) the insufficient training of militaries as regards what is expected from them during these operations.

Keyphrases: FORPRONU, IFOR, SFOR, Military sociology, Peacekeeping operations, International community, United-Nations, Bosnia-Herzegovina, UNPROFOR, IFOR, SFOR, Blue Helmets
Méthode de simulation avec les variables antithétiques

In this master thesis, we consider simulation methods based on antithetic variates for estimate integrales of f(x) on interval (0,1] where f is monotonic function, not a monotonic function or a function difficult to integrate.  The main idea consists in subdividing the (0,1] in m sections of which each one is subdivided in l subintervals. This method is done recursively. At each step the variance decreases, i.e. The variance obtained at the kth step is smaller than that is found at the (k-1)th step. This allows us to reduce the error in the estimation because the estimator of integrales of f(x) on interval [0,1] is unbiased. The objective is to optimize m.

Keyphrases: Unbiased estimator, Random numbers, Monte Carlo simulation, Antithetic variates, Variance reduction
Étude des procédés d’explicitation dans les traductions anglais-français de textes environnementaux

This work aims to study the explicitation strategies in English-French translations of specialized texts related to the field of environment. More specifically, our goal is to identify the range of these explicitation strategies, analyze and classify them. We will also offer some explanations of possible causes of explicitation in translation. First, we present some previous work on explicitation in general language corpora and in specialized corpora. A particularity of our own research is that it focuses on explicitation in a specialized corpus, more specifically in texts in the field of environment. Explicitation has seldom been studied in specialized texts and, to our knowledge, no study focused on explicitation in environmental texts. For our research, we compiled a corpus of English-French environment texts. Our corpus was then aligned using the aligner LogiTerm Pro. This aligner allows us to create aligned corpora that are useful to observe the linguistic instances of explicitation. The explicitation strategies identified and classified by Pápai (2004) have served as the basis for our own analysis. We found that the explicitation strategies occur at five levels: logical and visual relations, lexical and grammatical, syntactic I and II, textual and extra-linguistic. The total number of explicitation strategies that we have identified is 13. The largest number of explicitation instances (445) occurs on the lexical and grammatical level. Among explicitation instances on the lexical and grammatical level, filling semantic ellipses present the highest number of instances (186) in our specialized corpus. Explicitation on the syntactic level I was observed in 173 instances; explicitation on the logical and visual relations level in 101 instances; explicitation on the syntactic level II was found in 50 instances. Finally, explicitation occurred on the textual and extra-linguistic level in 37 instances. After observing our corpus and according to the results obtained, we have found that the number and variety of instances of explicitation are high in English-French translations of specialized texts in the field of the environment.

Keyphrases: explicitation strategy, specialized corpora, aligned corpora, environmental text, specialized text, translation