NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Le blues et le jazz au service de la révolution? : les positions des communistes américains blancs à l’égard de la musique noire et son utilisation à des fins d’agit-prop
durant l’entre-deux-guerres (1919-1941)

In 1936, the American Music League published Negro Songs of Protest, a book of songs collected by the left-wing folklorist Lawrence Gellert. In 1938 and 1939, with the financial support of the communist movement, the producer John Hammond was able to present From Spirituals to Swing at Carnegie Hall, New York, two concerts that celebrated the contribution of African American music in American history. Moreover, the From Spirituals to Swing concerts broke the color line, by letting Blacks and Whites play music together on stage and sit together in the audience. During the same years, jazz singer Billie Holiday enjoyed a monstrous success with her anti-lynching song “Strange Fruit” at Café Society, the first integrated club and radical left-wing cabaret in New York. It was the time of the Popular Front; a time when the communist movement had a great influence on American society and when the organized left exerted unprecedented power over mass culture.  Starting with a discussion of the revolutionary potential of African American music and trying to understand what social movements do with culture, this essay traces the developing point of view of white American communists toward the commercial explosion and growing popularity of blues and jazz music in USA during the interwar years. It asks the question of why there was so little mention of jazz and blues in Party organs during the 1920’s and early 1930’s , it explores the changing attitudes of the Old Left toward popular culture and suggests that the American communist movement used blues and jazz music for agitprop, during the last of the three main political phases of the Communist Party of America (CPUSA) – the colorblind class (1919-1928); the Black Belt Nation thesis (1928-1935); and the Popular Front (1935-1940).

Keyphrases: Culture, Blues, Jazz, CPUSA, American communist movement, African Americans, Interwar years, United States, Popular Front
Modélisation statistique de l’érosion de cavitation d’une turbine hydraulique selon les
paramètres d’opération

Cavitation erosion which results from repeated collapse of transient vapor cavities on solid surfaces is a constant problematic in hydraulic turbine runners and continues to enforce costly repair and loss of revenues. A vibratory detection system of cavitation erosion was installed 10 years ago for continuous monitoring of 4 hydropower units. A new hardware version of the system was developed and installed in 2010. This new system configuration is more reliable and allows more accurate evaluation of the cavitation erosion of the runners in kg/10 000 h. The first objective of this study is to investigate cavitation behavior upon one generating unit and to build a statistical model which will allow prediction of instant cavitation related to operating variables, such as gate opening, water flow, headwater level, tailwater levels, etc. The second objective is to develop a methodology for the reproducibility of the studies to other sites. A retrospective study will be conducted and we will mainly focus on data available since the system update in 2010. The preliminary analysis enhanced the complexity of the phenomenon. Indeed, changes in the relationship between cavitation and various operating variables were observed and could be due to a seasonal behavior or different operating conditions. Using hierarchical clustering and regression models, we formalize this heterogeneity by developing a model which includes operating variables such as active power, tailwater level and gate opening.

Keyphrases: Cavitation, Turbine Francis, Francis turbine, Mixture model, Hierarchical clustering, Multiple linear regression
L’affect de dégoût dans une perspective transmédiale : le cas de The walking dead

When we seek for works that focus on disgust as a form of affect, we note that its application abounds in film and visual art studies. However, few researchers dedicated its analysis through media whose academic institutionalization is newer, such as comics, TV series, and video games. This thesis aims to extend the studies of disgust as an affect’s practice on these media, focusing on the analysis of certain components from the transmedia franchise The Walking Dead. Moreover, because this body of media is marked by a transmediality that exceeds simple narrative recurrences, this thesis also wants to produce an analytical model capable of detecting disgust’s generative structures that tend to migrate or be shared between the media of the franchise. This model will be developed initially by the establishment of a dialogue between affect studies applied to cinema and visual arts, and intermedial studies. Then, this model’s functionality will be tested through its application within the comics, the television series and one of the video games of The Walking Dead franchise.

Keyphrases: Affect, The Walking Dead, Disgust, Transmedia, Multimodality
Les axes prioritaires face à l'émergence de phénomènes criminels en banlieue québécoise : l'exemple d'un quartier de laval

The media strengthen the negative image of the emergence of criminal zones in certain suburbs, advancing the impotence of the police interventions and the states strategy. The citizens living to the every day life in these districts express a felling of insecurity. The impression of a vicious circle between real insecurity and feeling of insecurity persists then through such speeches and continues through times and places, whether it is in France, in the United States or even in Canada. A lot of studies have already asked the question to know if these speeches base themselves on a real situation of insecurity or on a felling of insecurity of the citizens but few took the axis to deepen the reflection and the study on these new emergent phenomena of urban disorders and incivilities in the suburbs of Quebec. This research aims at deepening this reflection by taking an example of a district of Laval in Quebec. It is a question of establishing if there is real problem of incivilities and urban disorders or if it is more about a feeling of insecurity, the purpose so being to be able to establish a guide of resolutions of problems in suburbs and to bring a reflection on the potential interventions in sensitive zones. Basing itself on methodological one mixed, connecting a comparison of the statistics of criminality by districts to the perception of key actors of Laval, this research brings a new analyse on these resolutions of problems. The results bring an interesting analysis on this interaction by underlining the importance of the district and the sociodemographic characteristics, of the informal social control, the social fabric but also the necessity of the frame of the institutional authority such as the police, the school or still the associative fabric. These first elements allow to open the discussion about a partnership plan of interventions establishing a strategy a fight against the insecurity and the feeling of insecurity, so breaking this vicious circle by the implementation of a new local governance of security and the good to live together.

Keyphrases: insecurity, social disorganization, urban disorders, suburb, incivilities
Développement d'une sonde fluorescente bioactivable pour l'étude du rôle in vitro et in vivo des protéases dégradant l’apolipoprotéine A-I

The beneficial effects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) against atherosclerosis have been largely attributed to its major protein component, the apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). However, there are indications that apoA-I can be degraded by proteases localized in human atherosclerotic plaques, which could reduce the effectiveness of HDL-based therapies under certain conditions. Here we describe the development and use of a new bioactivatable full-length near-infrared apoA-I-Cy5.5 fluorescent probe for specific assessment of proteolytic activities that degrade apoA-I in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. The probe is quenched by saturation of Cy5.5 fluorophore on the protein, and fluorescence emitted by Cy5.5 (near-infrared) is revealed after its apoA-I cleavage. In vitro proteolysis of the apoA-I probe showed up to 11-fold increase of near-infrared fluorescence (n=5, P ≤ 0.05). We were able to quantify proteolytic activities from a wide range of proteases such as serine (chymase) and cysteine (cathepsin S) proteases and metalloproteases (MMP-12). Also, we detected activation of the apoA-I-Cy5.5 probe on aortic cryosections from Ldlr-/-;Tg(human apoB) atherosclerotic (ATX) mice using an in situ zymography assay and observed that broad-spectrum protease inhibitors protected the probe from protease activities, as shown by decreased fluorescence compared to conditions without protease inhibitors (-54%, n= 6 per group, P ≤ 0.001).  In vivo, using a combined fluorescence molecular tomography-magnetic resonance imaging system, the injected probe exhibited a trend for increased fluorescence in the aorta when infused in ATX mice compared to C57BL/6J wild-type mice. Ex vivo imaging of these aortas showed a 10-fold increase of fluorescence in ATX (n=5) mice compared to CTL (n=3) mice (P ≤ 0.05). The use of this probe could lead to improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of atherosclerosis and improved HDL-based therapeutic strategies. Keywords : Atherosclerosis, HDL, apoA-I, bioactivatable fluorescent probe, NIRF imaging, FMT, MRI, Proteases, apoA-I proteolysis.

Keyphrases: HDL, apoA-I, sonde fluorescente bioactivable, FMT, Atherosclerosis, bioactivatable fluorescent probe, NIRF imaging, MRI, Proteases, apoA-I proteolysis
Lutte intégrée au roseau commun : prévention, confinement et éradication

Invasive plants threaten biodiversity as well as human activities and in North America, attempts to control them often rely on the spraying of herbicides. This approach does not always achieve consensus and is sometimes forbidden or restricted, encouraging managers to consider other options. Alternatives can however prove to be rare, involve serious limitations or be poorly documented. This study aims at testing the efficiency of methods for the control and prevention of invasions by common reed (Phragmites australis), one of the most problematic invasive plants on the North American continent, all while reducing herbicide use to a minimum. The potential of four methods for the control of small, well established stands of common reed has first been evaluated: excavation and on-site burial, covering with heavy-duty tarps, excavation and on-site burial combined with covering with heavy-duty tarps, and repeated cutting. Results have shown that excavation with on-site burial, followed or not by covering with heavy-duty tarps, led to an almost complete elimination of the populations targeted, which is comparable or superior to the effect typically obtained with herbicide spraying. Covering common reed with opaque heavy-duty tarps, held in place for one year, lead to partial control of the plant, suggesting that holding the tarps in place for a longer period would be necessary to foresee the eradication. Cutting, repeated five times per summer for two years, gave mixed results. The results suggest, however, that cutting during multiple years contributes to weakening the plant, which could help to its confinement. An additional method, the hand-wicking of common reed stems with herbicide, has been tested to treat scattered stems while limiting off-target effects. Following these tests, the results have shown an important reduction of the density of reed stems, which suggests that the method is effective to control common reed regrowth after an initial treatment, and could be used on young stands. The effect of seeding herbaceous plants on the establishment of common reed seedlings has also been evaluated, following the sowing of vast plots of bare soil. The results suggest that the method is an efficient way of limiting the propagation of common reed through seed dispersal. Results also suggest that periodic follow-ups to eliminate seedlings would be sufficient to maintain the preventive effect.

Keyphrases: Herbicide, Glyphosate, Restauration, Phragmites australis, Integrated weed management, Plant competition, Restoration, Invasive species, Common reed, Phragmites australis
From Word Embeddings to Large Vocabulary Neural Machine Translation

In this thesis, we examine some properties of word embeddings and propose a technique to handle large vocabularies in neural machine translation. We first look at a well-known analogy task and examine the effect of position-dependent weights, the choice of combination function and the impact of supervised learning. We then show that simple embeddings learnt with translational contexts can match or surpass the state of the art on the TOEFL synonym detection task and on the recently introduced SimLex-999 word similarity gold standard. Finally, motivated by impressive results obtained by small-vocabulary (30,000 words) neural machine translation embeddings on some word similarity tasks, we present a GPU-friendly approach to increase the vocabulary size by more than an order of magnitude. Despite originally being developed for obtaining the embeddings only, we show that this technique actually works quite well on actual translation tasks, especially for English to French (WMT'14).

Keyphrases: Word2vec, TOEFL, SimLex-999, GPU, WMT, Speed-up, Deep learning, GPU-friendly
Risque cardiométabolique et habitudes de vie des adultes atteints de diabète de type 1

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In addition, over the past decades, there was a major upward shift in the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia) among this population which could have either an additive or synergistic effect on cardiovascular disease risk. Those patients also have more barriers to the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. The objective of this master thesis was to explore the lifestyle habits of adults with T1D and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors. An observational cross-sectional study among 124 adults with T1D has resulted in a characterization of their cardiometabolic profile and their lifestyle habits. The results show that the majority of T1D adults do not adopt the recommended healthy lifestyles habits (good diet quality, regular physical activity, none-smoking status) and present altered cardiometabolic profile compared to those who adopt them. In addition, there would be a proportional relationship between the adoption of a healthier lifestyle and the improvement of the cardiometabolic profile. Prospective studies and clinical trials interventions among patients with T1D are although needed to confirm these findings.

Keyphrases: Tabagisme, Type 1 diabetes, Cardiometabolic risk, Double diabetes, Lifestyle habits, Diet quality, Physical activity, Smoking, Observational study
Les pratiques sociales à domicile auprès des aînés gais : entre divulgation et dissimulation de l’identité homosexuelle

The research on experiences related to social and health services among gay seniors is receiving increasing attention. However, their experiences in the context of home care services remain poorly documented. The two main objectives of this study are to explore the experiences of gay seniors receiving home care services in relation to their identity strategies and to describe their specific needs for the adjustment of social practices at home. The comments of six gay elders were collected in the Montreal area by semi-structured interviews. The results show that the experiences of seniors receiving home care services are generally satisfactory; among them, some have felt stigmatized but only in rare moments and have reported mostly having experienced situations making them uncomfortable. The results also show a varied use of the four identity strategies (active disclosure, passive disclosure, active concealment, passive concealment) based on an adaptation of the Eliason and Schope (2001) model. If individual and interactional factors have influenced the strategies of seniors, the contextual factors (type of care or service, time, immediate social context) have taken a more significant importance. Finally, various courses of action should be explored for the adaptation of social practices with this population, particularly regarding the training of health and social workers, the improvement of the home care services organization, the development of specific resources and the social worker’s contribution with older sexual minorities.

Keyphrases: Homosexuality, Sexual identity management strategies, Aging, Home care services, Social work
The berth allocation problem at port terminals : a column generation framework

The berth allocation problem (BAP) is one of the key decision problems at port terminals and it has been widely studied. In previous research, the BAP has been formulated as a generalized set partitioning problem (GSPP) and solved using standard solver. The assignments (columns) were generated a priori in a static manner and provided as an input to the optimization model. The GSPP approach is able to solve to optimality relatively large size problems. However, a main drawback of this approach is the explosion in the number of feasible assignments of vessels with increase in problem size which leads in turn to the optimization solver to run out of memory.  In this research, we address the limitation of the GSPP approach and present a column generation framework where assignments are generated dynamically to solve large problem instances of the berth allocation problem at port terminals. We propose a column generation based algorithm to address the problem that can be easily adapted to solve any variant of the BAP based on different spatial and temporal attributes. We test and validate the proposed approach on a discrete berth allocation model with dynamic vessel arrivals and berth dependent handling times. Computational experiments on a set of artificial instances indicate that the proposed methodology can solve even very large problem sizes to optimality or near optimality in computational time of only a few minutes.

Keyphrases: Ordonnancement, Scheduling, Berthing allocation, Port terminals, Mixed integer programming, Set partitioning, Column generation
Le rôle de sirtuine 3 dans la rétinopathie du prématuré

Proliferative ischemic retinopathies such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are the leading causes of blindness in working age and pediatric populations in industrialized countries. These pathologies are characterized by an initial microvascular degeneration followed by a disproportionate compensatory but pathological hyper-vascularization mounted by the hypoxic and energy deficient retina in an attempt to reinstate metabolic equilibrium. Sirtuins are an important family of protein involved in metabolism and stress response. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in particular is a major mitochondrial deacetylase central to energy metabolism and the regulation of many oxidative pathways. For the first time, our results show that a lack of SIRT3 decreases the severity of vascular lesions in the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model. Deficiency in SIRT3 not only stimulates angiogenesis, but also increases glycolysis, possibly through indirect activation of the gene family 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB). We suggest that a lack of SIRT3 is involved in the Warburg effect and therefore confers a proliferative advantage that is protective in OIR. The present study puts forward SIRT3 as a new potential therapeutic target for ROP, a disease leading to life-long vision complications.

Keyphrases: 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, Retinopathy of prematurity, Sirtuin 3, Energetic metabolism, Angiogenesis, Oxidative stress, Glycolysis, Warburg effect, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase
Les stratégies de soutien des infirmières novices travaillant le soir et la nuit en centre hospitalier

Background: Individual, organizational and systemic factors contribute to the high level of newly licensed nursing turnover. Among those factors, there is night and evening shifts that many new nurses are forced into. Unfortunately, nurses often live a harsh transition period from student to health professional. New nurses’ vulnerability requires support in their integration in the nursing profession. The purpose of this work is to elaborate effective strategies to support new nurses working nights and evenings in hospitals.    Method: The integrative literature review based on the Galvan (2006) method was conducted with the databases of CINAHL, Pubmed, Web of Science and MEDLINE. The framework used is perceived supervisor support by Eisenberger et al. (2002). Results: The literature review indicates many recommendations in practice, education, management and research.  Conclusion: This work contributes to nursing knowledge advancement. It presents recommendations for all levels of management, nurses working day shifts and experienced nurses. It also demonstrates the lack of literature about that phenomenon and gives insights for future research.   Keywords: novice nurse, transition, charge nurse, head nurse, supervisor support, evening shift work, night shift work.

Keyphrases: Transition, Novice nurse, Charge nurse, Head nurse, Supervisor support, Evening shift work, Night shift work
Activités pédagogiques en laboratoire favorisant l'intégration de connaissances conditionnelles

When studying in the nursing competency based approach (CBA) in college, students manifest difficulties in preparing the necessary equipment before performing a clinical skill. They also find it difficult to follow the steps of the chosen clinical skill and evaluate the situation to adapt treatments to the clinical situation. They are struggling to manage their stress and their confidence during clinical training. The integration of conditional knowledge is essential for the application of clinical skill that take into account the patient's health status. It is therefore essential to promote the integration of conditional knowledge when learning laboratory clinical skill, and thereby support the development of nursing clinical judgment. This internship project aims to plan and implement teaching strategies in the laboratory when applying clinical skill that promote the integration of conditional knowledge. The conceptual framework of How to Act Competently of LeBoterf (2006) and the Acquisition Process and Integration Clinical skill of Marcheterre (2004), constitute the conceptual framework of this internship project. In nursing education, it can guide the choice of teaching strategies that will help the student to incorporate conditional knowledge to clinical judgment in diverse clinical situations. The activity planned and implemented in this internship project helps students to integrate conditional knowledge allowing them to make their own preparation and to respond appropriately during simulations, thus developing their clinical judgment. The development of clinical judgment should contribute to the safety and quality of patient care.

Keyphrases: Competency based approach, Conditional knowledge, Laboratory, Clinical skill, Teaching strategies