NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Prendre le loisir au sérieux : les pratiques sportives des jeunes professionnels comme observatoire de l'individuation hypermoderne

This thesis explores the interface between the practices of leisure sport by professional elites in Quebec and recent developments in cognitive capitalism. Focusing on the recreational activities of the prestige elite (Coenen-Huther 2004) composed of university graduates starting their careers, referred to here as hypermodern young professionals (JPH), the study seeks to describe the relationship between the social space of serious leisure (Stebbins 1982) and changes in hypermodern lifestyles. This qualitative inquiry consists of life story interviews conducted among young professionals who are sports amateurs, and a participant observation carried out in Montreal in two Ultimate teams. This research takes a critical look at theories that advocate the emergence of a reflexive and independent individual who would be spared from any form of external normative constraints. Contrary to such an interpretation, the figurational approach developed by Norbert Elias (1991) is utilized to demonstrate how the interrelationships between JPH allow us to understand, relationally, the evolution of socialization processes specific to the “creative class” of post-industrial capitalism.

Keyphrases: sport-loisir, hypermodernity, recreational sports, young professionals, reflexivity, creative class
Étude qualitative sur l'intégration en milieu de garde d'enfants adoptés de l'international : points de vue des parents et des éducatrices

Research on internationally adopted children is often directed toward catch-up after adoption, attachment security and over representation of adopted children in special needs education. These are quantitative studies which focus on school aged children. Few studies have considered preschoolers and to our knowledge no attention has been given to the daycare environment. Within an exploratory framework, the current thesis investigates the integration of adopted children in daycare through the subjective experience of parents and child care educators. Twelve adoptive families and their current child care educators were recruited through various adoptive parent associations, the Montréal pour enfants newspaper, daycare administrators and a blog on international adoption. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with each family and child care educator. Qualitative inductive analysis using grounded theory coding techniques was first used to uncover critical themes discussed by the parent-educator dyads and then through their respective groups. The following themes on integrating an adopted child in daycare emerged from the data: conditions prior to the arrival of the child in daycare, parent’s apprehensions, first contacts, special requests, daycare routine, adopted child development and particularities, child in crisis, new perspectives for the educator, elements of parent satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The analysis shows that most educators do not consider the adopted child to be different from the other children in the group; and thus the child’s integration does not necessitate special attention or consideration. Adoptive parents along with a small group of educators experienced with the realities of adoption do not share this view. By exploring the experiences of parents and educators of internationally adopted children in daycare, this thesis broadens our knowledge of better practices in daycare centers for integrating an internationally adopted child.

Keyphrases: Parent, Enfant, International adoption, Child, Educator, Daycare, Childcare
L’intimité chez les couples dont la femme présente une vulvodynie : étude des relations entre la réponse empathique, le dévoilement et le bien-être sexuel

Intimacy has been a neglected area of research among couples coping with vulvodynia, a sexual health problem which has a negative impact on the sexual well-being of both the woman and her partner. Yet, intimacy has been associated with indicators of psychological and marital adjustment in other clinical populations. The main goal of this thesis was to investigate associations between intimacy and sexual well-being in women with vulvodynia and their partners.  The first article aimed to examine relationship intimacy and sexual intimacy in relation to sexual satisfaction, sexual function, pain self-efficacy and pain during intercourse in women. Ninety-one women with vulvodynia and their partners completed self-report questionnaires. Women’s higher sexual intimacy was associated with their higher sexual satisfaction and pain self-efficacy. Women’s higher relationship intimacy and sexual intimacy were also associated with their higher sexual function. Relationship intimacy and sexual intimacy were not associated with pain intensity.  Using a combination of observational and self-report methodologies, the second article aimed to investigate the associations between two central components of intimacy –  empathic response and disclosure –  and sexual satisfaction and distress among fifty women and their partners.  Disclosure and empathic response were measured from the perspective of a trained observer and self-reported by women and their partners immediately following a discussion task. During the discussion, greater empathic response in women and partners were associated with their own higher sexual satisfaction.  Greater women’s empathic response was associated with their partners’ higher sexual satisfaction. Greater disclosure in couples, as perceived by women and partners, was associated with higher partners’ sexual satisfaction. Greater empathic response in women was associated with partners’ lower sexual distress. Greater disclosure in couples, as perceived by partners, was associated with partners’ lower sexual distress. Clinical, theoretical, methodological implications of the thesis are discussed.

Keyphrases: couple, vulvodynia, provoked vestibulodynia, intimacy, disclosure, empathic response, sexual satisfaction, sexual function, pain self-efficacy, sexual distress
Évaluation et amélioration du rendement de la formation en entreprise : vers une démarche basée sur la gestion des processus d’affaires

Training is a key strategy to develop employees’ skills. Businesses continue to invest in training and development, but they rarely have data to evaluate the results of this investment. Most companies use the Kirkpatrick/Phillips model to evaluate the training. However, it emerges from the literature that companies have difficulties in using this model. There are three main barriers to the evaluation of training. The first barrier is the difficulty of isolating learning as a factor that affects the results. Another barrier is the lack of a useful assessment IT tool with the learning management system and the third barrier is the lack of standardized data to compare various learning functions. In this thesis, we propose a model to manage training projects in enterprises (Analysis, Modelling, Monitoring and Optimization - AM2O), based on Business Process Management (BPM). Such a scenario considers the training activities as business processes. Our model is inspired by the BPM method through the definition and monitoring of performance indicators for managing all aspects of training. It is based on the analysis and modeling of training needs to ensure alignment between training activities and business objectives. It allows the monitoring of training projects as well as the calculation of tangible and intangible benefits (without additional cost). In addition, it allows us to classify training projects according to criteria relative to the enterprise. Thus, our approach could be used to optimize the yield of the training through a series of simulations using the machine learning algorithms logistic regression, neural network and co-training. Finally, we develop an IT tool, Enterprise Training Programs Evaluation and Optimization System - ETREOSys, to manage training programs in enterprises and for decisionmaking support. ETREOSys is aWeb platform which uses cloud services such as virtual machines, data centers, Content Delivery Network and NoSQL databases. AM2O and ETREOSys resolve the main problems related to the management and evaluation of training in enterprises namely: the difficulty of isolating the effects of training and the lack of IT tools.

Keyphrases: Monitoring, Evaluation, Organizational learning, Business analysis, Modelling, Monitoring, Assessment, Optimization, Machine learning algorithms
Corps et âme en mouvement. Expression et signification du mouvement dans la peinture de vases en Grèce ancienne (VIe-IVe s. av. J.-C.). Ivresse, possession divine et mort

This thesis proposes to study the expression and depiction of movement in ancient Greek painting, specifically vase painting. While illustrating the very rich and unique source of the visual world of ancient Greece, the emphasis is kept on the link which unites the emotions to the body movements, gesture or posture. Theories about ancient pictorial representations are unanimous on the subject of painting the human figure. From the myths concerning the creation of painting and visual arts (sculpture & modeling), the artist must portray and illustrate the living in all aspects, external and internal. Using the human figure and representation of the anatomy, appears to be the most effective way to convey the emotions and feelings that animate the body through the depiction of gesture, posture or facial expression. This portrayal applies to the expression of intense emotion or altered state of being such as: the over consumption of wine, being possessed by a god (divine action) or the imminence of death. For a better understanding of the portrayal of this phenomenon, it is necessary to turn to the origin of the ancient Greek idea of the soul (θυμός or/and ψυχή). From the Homeric age this concept can be understood as the basis of sentiment and emotion and can be seen as natural as a breath which enters and exits the body. This notion is of key importance, to understand the origin of movement that brings to life the characters depicted in the images, whether consumed by drunkenness, under the yoke of divine possession or about to die. In each case, the soul is solicited, in one way or another, whether in its temporary or permanent separation or dissociative state from the body. Whether the aim is set out in art or in the relationship that the soul maintains with the body, Ancient Greek imagery does not ignore such concepts as the expression of these intense emotional and altered states whatsoever. Bodily movements clearly articulate an out of the ordinary state by the orientation of the body, gestures, actions and facial expressions and does not seem to be limited to the representation of only a physiological reaction. A link will be established between ancient images and modern theories developed on the subject of representation of movement in art. The objective: To demonstrate that the artists who adorned ancient vases favored the illustration of a concept or an idea, by imagination and expressivity, above the reporting of a perfect reality.

Keyphrases: Movement, ancient greek vase painting, soul, body, iconography, Death, drunkeness, maenads
Carbon-carbon bond formation : from transition metal catalysis to base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution

The dissertation will focus on transition metal catalysis and base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution as a means of forming new C–C bonds, and thus designing new chemical scaffolds. During the last twenty years, tremenduous efforts have been expended to achieve low-cost, waste-free, efficient and selective C–H bond functionalization methodologies. The introductory chapter will provide an overview of direct functionalization of C–H sp2 and sp3 centers, as well as discuss relevant topics in radical chemistry. Work on the ruthenium-catalyzed functionalization of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines will be presented in Chapter 2. Despite interest from the medicinal chemistry field, imidazo[1,5-a]azines have received little attention in the C–H functionalization field. The scope of the reaction and, in particular, the influence of sterics and electronics will be detailed. Cyclopropanes represent the 10th most encountered rings in small drug synthesis. They are also valuable synthetic intermediates en route to more chemical complexity. Despite great advances in the field of C(sp3)–H functionalizations, the exploration of cyclopropanes as substrates in direct transformations is relatively novel. Chapter three will present the intramolecular direct arylation of cyclopropanes. A combination of palladium catalysis in presence of a silver salt was found to mediate the reaction. Mechanistic studies disproved the formation of a palladium-enolate and pointed towards a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway. Furthermore, seven-membered benzoazepinone rings were synthesized via a cyclopropane activation/opening/cyclization sequence. An intermolecular direct arylation of cyclopropanes was achieved in presence of a picolinamide auxiliary (Chapter 4). The last two chapters of the thesis will describe our studies on base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution. A potassium tert-butoxide-promoted intramolecular cyclization of aryl halides was shown to occur through a radical pathway (Chapter 5). The transition metal-free transformation occurred in the sole presence of the base and pyridine as the solvent. The radical process was extended to the cyclization of unactivated alkyl iodides in presence of a nickel catalyst and sodium hexamethyldisilzide as the base (Chapter 6). DOSY NMR studies demonstrated an association between the catalyst, base and starting material.

Keyphrases: Activation C–H, Cyclopropanes, Imidazo[1,5-a]azines, Catalysis, C–H functionalization, Transition metal, Homolytic aromatic substitution, Potassium tert-butoxide, Phenanthridines
Managing Profound Suffering at the End-of-Life: Should expanding access to continuous deep sedation be the priority?

This paper argues that in addressing and managing profound suffering at the end-of-life, the priority should not be the legalization of physician-assisted suicide or voluntary active euthanasia in jurisdictions where these practices are not currently available. Rather, concerted efforts should be made by society and the healthcare provider community to expand patient access to proportionate distress-relieving sedation and continuous deep sedation.

Keyphrases: assistance médicale à mourir, sédation continue, suicide assisté, medical aid in dying, profound suffering, continuous deep sedation, euthanasia, assisted suicide
Développement langagier des tout-petits : étude de cas de l'articulation problème – solution chez les acteurs de la petite-enfance d’un territoire pluriethnique de Montréal

This thesis examines perceptions of intersectoral stakeholders in early childhood regarding language development in young children, and the initiatives they suggest to support such development. The question originates from a survey on the school readiness of Montréal children, Enquête sur la maturité scolaire des enfants montréalais. En route pour l'école! (DSP, 2008a), which revealed that, with regard to language development and communication skills, young Montréal children were more vulnerable than the Canadian normative sample. It also stems from stakeholders’ concerns regarding this issue. The goals are to describe the representation of language development held by these stakeholders and to analyse their conceptualisation of the problem and the solution to language development. An ecological conceptual framework was developed, comprising four levels of influence (child, family, neighbourhood, overall environment) and five areas of intervention. The methodology was a qualitative case study based on a literature synthesis and interviews (n=10) carried out in six sectors involved in early childhood intersectoral initiatives in a Montréal Health and Social Services Centre (CSSS). Results show that stakeholders are aware of the factors influencing language development in young children. Current or desired initiatives correspond with the literature and are mostly strategic with respect to identified risk factors. However, actions must be taken to provide more support to young families, including actions designed to improve neighbourhoods and enhance access to quality public services.

Keyphrases: Maturité scolaire, early childhood, ecological studies, language development, School readiness, intersectoral mobilisation of stakeholders
L’entreprise familiale est-elle corrompue ?

Is family business corrupt? Since the Enron and WorldCom cases, there has been a growing interest in corruption in the corporate world. A large number of studies having demonstrated that Family Businesses (FB) are the most important forms of organization in the business world, it seemed logical to look at the relationship between FB and corruption. FB being supposed to be concerned by human relationships and to focus on the long term, they should not be concerned by these questions. Nevertheless, the literature underlines that FB could be organizations able to corrupt the political system. Besides, FB could have organizational characteristics that would make it prone to be related to corruption cases.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, family businesses, corruption, philosophy, ethics, economics, corruption
La santé orale compromise comme facteur de risque potentiel pour le cancer colorectal sporadique (COLDENT) : une étude de faisabilité

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a real public health burden in Canada. Despite the recent advances  in medicine, the etiology of CRC is not yet clearly defined. The prevention of CRC requires the identification of new risk factors. In recent years, epidemiological studies have reported the association between oral health and CRC. However, no study has been specifically designed to test this association. Objectives: The main objective of the study was to test the feasibility of a future large epidemiological study designed to investigate the association between impaired oral health and the risk of CRC. The secondary objectives were to standardize the procedures of the study, to assess the level of participation and success of proposed recruitment approaches, to assess the feasibility and validity of data collection methods on oral health and to produce preliminary data on the association between impaired oral health and the risk of CRC. Methodology: This was population-based case-control feasibility study. Participants in the case group (n = 30) were recruited from two hospitals in Montreal. Controls (n = 39) were recruited from the general population of Montreal. Oral health measures were collected both by a self-administered questionnaire on oral health and a clinical examination. Data on several risk factors for CRC were collected by validated questionnaires. Results: The participation rate of the study was 73% (30) among cases and 32.5 % (39) in controls. Only 26% (7) of participants in the case group and 79% (26) of participants in the control group completed the dental examination. Compromised oral health was associated with increased CRC risk in participants older than 59 years (OR = 8.4, 95% CI 95%: 0.94 – 389.4; p = 0.036). Self-reported oral health measures obtained through questionnaires showed good validity to clinical examination. Conclusion: The subsequent epidemiological study is considered feasible by making changes. The preliminary results argue for a possible association between oral health compromised by periodontal disease and / or tooth loss and risk of CRC.

Keyphrases: Epidemiology, Case-control, Feasibility study, Colorectal cancer, Oral health, Periodontal disease, Tooth loss
Évaluation économique des services écosystémiques dans la région de Montréal : analyse spatiale et préférences exprimées

Ecosystem services (ES) refer to benefits produced and sustained by biodiversity and ecosystems that benefit humans. In many cases, they are not considered in the economic system. This externalization of SE generates decisions on land use and natural resources that ignore their contribution to the well-being of communities. In order to raise awareness of the importance of ES and better integrate them into decision-making processes, economic approaches to value ES have been developed. In this thesis, we sought to understand both how the past and current land use in the Montreal area affects the value of ES and how these natural amenities are perceived and valued by the population in a future planning and management perspective. To accomplish this, we used two approaches: spatial analysis using geographic information systems and analysis of stated preferences by survey techniques. In the spatial analysis approach, we combined cartographic analyzes to monetary values associated to ES published in the literature. We then estimated the value of ecosystems using benefit transfer, direct market prices and avoided costs methods. This approach has allowed us to understand the relationship between the current land use in the Greater Montreal and the economic value of the services provided by ecosystems, which we estimated at 2.2 billion dollars per year. It also allowed us to estimate the effects of land use changes between 1960 and 2010 on the value of ES. We showed that despite different land use planning policies implemented to manage urban sprawl during this period, non-market economic losses related to ES have reached 236 million dollars per year.  In the stated preferences approach, we used two methods, contingent valuation and choice experiment, with the aim of measuring the willingness to pay of respondents for proposed changes in their environment. In a first study, we showed that respondents significantly value the impact of agri-environmental practices on the quality of the environment and landscapes and are willing to pay between 159 and 333 dollars per household per year on improving the diversity of agricultural landscape. In a second study, their willingness to pay on improving the status of wetlands in Quebec is estimated at between 389 and 455 dollars per household per year. The combined use of the two methods allowed us to compare the results. We also demonstrated that the choice of valuation question format in contingent valuation affects the convergence of the results. Finally, we propose directions for future research related to the integration of ecological, economic and political analyzes of ES that would lead to better assessments of the dynamics of ecosystems, biodiversity and human communities.

Keyphrases: Region of Montreal, Ecosystem services, Ecosystem services valuation, Mapping ecosystem services, Contingent valuation method, Choice experiment method, Agricultural landscapes, Wetlands
Action non humaine dans l’organisation en changement : un examen épistémologique comparatif de la ventriloquie

The study of change management intends to identify what can be active in an organization, making it evolve in a direction that follows or resists to the goals defined by those in charge. This study wants to compare the propositions put forward by a ventriloqual approach to communication, as defined by François Cooren in Action and agency in dialogue (2010), with two works dealing with organizational change : The knowledge-creating company (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995) and The Dance of Change (Senge, 1999). The goal is to understand how this ventriloqual perspective allows a better understanding of the nature and contributions of these different forms of agency. Through this comparative inquiry, the ambition of this work is also to offer a perspective on ventriloquism itself, by highlighting its most innovative aspects, in order to demonstrate the progress constituted in particular by nonhuman agency and the dislocality of interaction.

Keyphrases: Figure, Ventriloquism, Agency