NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Analyse démographique des demandeurs d'asile et des réfugiés au Canada (2000-2010)

The problem of refugees is part of the broader framework of migration policies and international migration in general. As a country of immigration, Canada has had to deal with several waves of migration and to adapt its immigration policy (at the federal and provincial level) by defining, in numerical terms, the annual targets for the admission of immigrants (the desired number of immigrants), as well as its political, humanitarian, economic and demographic objectives. The target group for this report (the asylum seekers and refugees) differs from any other category of immigration by a specific condition – an inadvertent leak and a lack of protection from the national authorities of their country. At the international level and in the context of Canadian politics, a refugee: “the individual who is fleeing persecution” becomes an “asylum seeker” when engaging a process of recognition of refugee status, consistent with the Canadian immigration policy. The steps involved in this process are important because they establish continuity in the application process for asylum, but also because they influence the accounting and statistics on asylum seekers and refugees. The data from Citizenship and Immigration Canada are among the few sources available that provides indication on both asylum seekers and refugees. From a demographic point of view, a better knowledge of the number and the evolution of the immigrants of the category “asylum seeker” or “refugee”, as well as of their sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, education, language skills, country of origin, etc.) help to identify their needs in services and to provide them with adequate policies of integration to Canada.

Keyphrases: Asylum seekers, Refugees, Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Evolution, Sociodemographic characteristics, Country of origin, Permanents residents, Temporary residents, UNHCR, LIPR
Productivité de manuels scolaires adaptés pour élèves ayant deux années de retard en lecture

The complexity of reading French interact with non-cognitive and cognitive characteristics of the person who has intellectual disabilities it up in failure mode. All processes involved in the act of reading interact with these characteristics induce failures and delays of learning to read. Teachers wanting to use a textbook and integrated third grade’s  students who don’t know how to read, have tho choices: to provide a first grade’s textbook or to provide a third grade’s textbook. If teachers give a first grade’s textbook to students that has accumulated two years behind in reading, it saw success, but the themes are infantilizing. If teachers give a third grade’s textbook, the themes are not infantilizing, but reading level, instead it consistently in failure.  In response to this dilemma, the Groupe DÉFI Accessibilité did adapted textbooks. They are at first identical to the original Signet (third year), same themes, same page numbers, illustrations and even the same answers to the first two questions of each page, but the texts are simplified to allow reading the third grade’s children who has two years behind in this matter.  The methodology for this research is the pedagogical analysis of value, a systematic method for development and evaluation of products, processes or services. This research is aimed at the final stage of the pedagogical analysis value.  In pedagogical analysis value, as for this research, the testing has two purposes: to compare the prototype created functional specification covering all the functions that should fill the product to meet the needs of potential users and calculate productivity / efficiency. Since this is a first testing, a third is added, is the proposal of possible improvements to the prototype of suitable textbooks.   The testing took place over six months. The sample included four teachers of third year, two special classes in regular classrooms and two. The latter teach 32 students users of suitable textbooks: six are dyslexic, four have insufficient knowledge of the language, one has adevelopmental disorder and 21 had mild intellectual disabilities.  The four teachers confirmed the response of adapted textbooks to the functional specifications. In addition, the design phase was considered efficient and the using phase was conseidered productive.

Keyphrases: Limitation cognitive, Orthodidactic material, Evaluation, Productivity, reading
Synthesis of 2-Substituted-Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines from N-Iminopyridinium Ylides

This thesis describes the development of a methodology for the one-pot synthesis of 2-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines from N-iminopyridinium ylide and styryl-halide starting materials. Both N-iminopyridinium ylide derivatives and styryl-halide derivatives were employed for the synthesis of various pharmaceutically interesting pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines. The first chapter presents the literature precedents for the synthesis of pyrazolopyridines. More specifically, three different types of syntheses will be shown in detail. Furthermore, the biological importance of these compounds will be discussed. An overview of the developed methodologies previously carried out in our research group for the synthesis of the starting materials will be presented. Finally, the copper-catalyzed direct alkenylation of N-iminopyridinium ylides that brought about this research idea will be discussed. The second chapter describes the results of the optimization studies for the synthesis of 2-phenyl pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines from N-benzoyliminopyridinium ylides and styryl iodides. Each component of the reaction was individually screened and the loading ratios were optimized: e.g., solvent and temperature.  The third chapter presents the scope of the pyrazolopyridine synthesis. The scope includes styryl iodide, –bromide and –chloride derivatives. The scope of the reaction was extended to N-iminopyridinium ylide derivatives and included electron donating and electron withdrawing groups. Substituted vinyl iodides and bromides were also investigated. The fourth chapter demonstrates the mechanistic studies conducted in order to obtain an accurate understanding of the catalytic cycles taking place during the reaction. Cyclization studies were explored for both styryl iodides and phenyl acetylene starting materials reacted with N-iminopyridinium ylides.

Keyphrases: Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines, N-benzoyliminopyridinium ylides, Styryl iodides, Rearomatization, Cyclization, Palladium catalyzed C-H insertions
Valoriser l’érudition chez les professionnels de la réadaptation de l’accident vasculaire cérébral : tout un défi!

Introduction: Stroke rehabilitation clinicians are responsible for offering quality services through evidence-based practice. This responsibility springs from the Scholar Role described in the CanMEDS framework. How is this role fulfilled in the clinical setting? Objective: 1) To explore the perceptions, experiences, and attitudes of rehabilitation professionals regarding their role as Scholar in their practice; 2) To identify factors that facilitate or hinder this role as scholar. Methods: Qualitative design with a phenomenological orientation. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among professional with at least two years experience in stroke rehabilitation using a pre-tested interview guide; Verbatims were coded using QDA-Miner software. Results: Mean age of the participants was 40.7 years ± 11.2. Participants were mostly women (n = 9/11). The role of scholar emerged as not having great value for the participants. Main themes emerging from the analysis include the following: 1) emphasis on tacit knowledge; 2) experience and clinical intuition leading to self-confidence and comfort in clinical practice; 3) dissatisfaction with the lack of knowledge sharing among clinicians; 4) importance of diversifying clinical tasks; 5) underdevelopment of reflective practice. The four factors influencing the role of scholar: motivation, critical incident as a trigger of reflective practice and interns facilitating reflective practice; lack of time acted as an obstacle. Conclusion: There is a discrepancy between the role of the scholar as described by the canMEDS framework and how it is actualized in clinical practice.

Keyphrases: Knowledge Translation, CanMEDS, Evidence Based-Practice, Reflective Practice, Stroke Rehabilitation, Scholar Role, Tacit Knowledge
Le pohète initié : illumination et esthétique ésotérique dans l’œuvre de Gellu Naum

This thesis, entitled The Initiated pohet : Illumination and Esoteric Aesthetics in Gellu Naum’s work, analyzes three important literary productions by Gellu Naum, the novel Zenobia, his writings The Serpent’s Way and Medium, as well as the relationship between Gellu Naum’s pictorial poetry and Victor Bruner’s narrative painting. Gellu Naum’s works analyzed in this study have many similarities synthetized in the trope of illumination. The notion of illumination is based on esoteric and Surrealist theories, opening an interpretation of the sacred devoid of religious substance. Illumination develops a mystical climate throughout Gellu Naum’s writings and Victor Brauner’s art productions and consolidates their aesthetic doctrines. For Naum Gellu, illumination is the ultimate goal of existence. It has to do with the ability to see with the eyes within, revealing a blinding and terrifying alternative to the factual world. Within this esoteric tone, the possibility of reaching the other side – the invisible, advancing deep to the archaic level – is real and revealing. According to Gellu Naum, the artist must reach the wild state in order to describe the transcendental state infusing his heroes. This perspective counteracts a severe historical turmoil, since Romanian totalitarianism severely abbreviated life conditions. Naum’s writings bear the dark traces of this negative impact. For Victor Brauner, illumination has an initiation function. It crystallizes the painter's art throughout his quest for identity. Illumination causes and maintains catharsis, with unexpected connotations in the art production. It articulates a form of esotericism that only rarely infuses the Surrealist movement in the West.  Advancing an interdisciplinary approach, my thesis is divided into three parts: The novel Zenobia and the Notion of "Illumination Thinking" The Transcendental State and Its Variables or The Occult Logic of Writing and Expressions of Pictorial Poetry and of Narrative Painting in the Works of Gellu Naum and Victor Brauner. These chapters analyze the figure of illumination and establish the aesthetic invariants grounding the works of the two Surrealists. In their quest for new forms of artistic representations, Gellu Naum and Victor Brauner employ a mainly cognitive form of Surrealism. Both appeal to rationality, to cruel lucidity, which often Surrealists strongly rejected.

Keyphrases: Gellu Naum, Victor Brauner, Avant-garde, Illumination, Esoteric, Dystopia, Profane thinking, Wild thinking
Régulation des hémicanaux de connexine 43 : implication dans la cardioprotection contre les lésions ischémiques

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the basic unit in the composition of Gap junction channels but also of the non-junctional unapposed hemichannels (Hc). Gap junction channels play key roles in cardiac function by allowing conduction of electrical impulses and exchange of biologically important molecules between cells. The unapposed Hc, however, perform functions different from those achieved by Gap junction channels mainly by providing pathways between the cytosol and the extracellular space allowing movement of ions and other small metabolites. Although they are much less studied than Gap junction channels, Hc are believed to remain normally in a closed state and that phosphorylation is an important factor promoting their closure. Under ischemic stress,the amount of non-phosphorylated Cx43 increases resulting in increasing hemichannels opening, an effect that can lead to irreversible tissue injury and cell death. Protein kinase C (PKC) possesses the largest number of phosphorylation sites on Cx43 and exerts significant control on Cx43 channels. Its function depends on the  involvement of at least 12 distinct isoformes. Various PKC isoforms exert specific cellular and cardiovascular functions, nonetheless the functional role of PKC isoforms in the modulation of the unapposed Cx43 hemichannels has never been assessed, neither has the therapeutic potential of Cx43Hc modulation in the protection of ischemic heart. In this context, three studies have been performed, they form the body of this thesis. In the first study, a unique set of synthetic PKC isoform-selective activator and inhibitor peptides was utilised. In combination with the patch clamp technique, we have demonstrated that Cx43Hc conductance is strongly inhibited by, among many isoforms, epsilon PKC isoforme, known for its cardioprotective effect against ischemic injury. In the second study, we characterized the effect of a synthetic structural mimetic peptide of Cx43. Using patch clamp technique, we have demonstrated that the peptide Gap26 inhibits directly and specifically Cx43Hc, we also showed that Gap26 can confer resistance to cardiomyocytes (in vitro) and intact heart (ex vivo) against ischemia. In the third study, we investigated for the first time in vivo the capability of a unique pair of structural Cx43 mimetic peptides, Gap26 and Gap27, to protect heart from ischemic injury when administered in single low-dose intravenous boluses. We demonstrated that administration of either one or both peptides, before or after the onset of ischemia renders heart more resistant to ischemia and reduces significantly the size of myocardial infarct. Altogether, our results revealed salvatory effect of Cx43Hc inhibition during ischemia and uncovered therapeutique potentials of the synthetic structural mimetic peptides of Cx43 in ischemic heart disease.

Keyphrases: Heart, Ischemia, Connexin 43, Protein kinase C, Synthetic peptides
Les apports de la réalité virtuelle et de la vidéo-oculographie à l’évaluation des intérêts sexuels

Penile plethysmography is considered to be the most rigorous method for sexual interest assessment. The instrument could however benefit from improvements in terms of its ecological validity and vulnerability to faking attempts. This tool also faces ethical and legal constraints related to the presentation of stimuli depicting human subjects to entice sexual arousal. This doctoral thesis seeks to address penile plethysmography’s shortcomings by combining it with computer-generated stimuli presented in virtual immersion as well as eye-tracking devices.  A first empirical study was conducted to determine whether the presentation of computer-generated stimuli in virtual immersion is preferable to the auditory modality currently being used. Erectile responses from child molesters and men without sexual deviances were recorded and the ability of both modalities to generate sexual arousal profiles and deviance differentials indicative of sexual interests were compared. In a second experimental study, eye-movements were explored in an attempt to identify the presence of cognitive strategies responsible for erectile inhibition during the plethysmographic procedure. Erectile responses and eye-movements of men without criminal records were recorded when viewing stimuli under three different conditions, including an erectile inhibition task. Overall, results show that the presentation of computer-generated stimuli in virtual immersion generates sexual arousal profiles and deviance differentials, which allow significantly higher classification accuracy and discriminant performance than the auditory modality. Results also highlight the possibility, through eye-movement analyses, to identify an ocular signature specific to the use of cognitive strategies for erectile inhibition, which is characterized by a partial avoidance of the sexual content and a general deceleration of the visual exploration process. This project exposes the benefits inherent to the presentation of computer-generated stimuli in virtual immersion and the use of eye-tracking devices for penile plethysmography assessments and supports the progressive implementation of this modality in clinical settings.

Keyphrases: Sexual interests, Penile plethysmography, Computer-generated stimuli, Virtual reality, Eye-tracking, Ocular dynamic, Erectile inhibition, Child molesters
Réactivité posturale et inconfort subjectif induits par un stimulus visuel

It is well know by eye care professionals that fitting progressive lenses on a presbyopic patient can induce some discomfort and postural difficulties (Timmis, Johnson, Eliott, & Buckley, 2010). The complaints are directly related to the visual information seen through progressive lenses. The main objective of this thesis is to identify the parameters of a visual stimulus (e.g. temporal frequency or velocity) causing the postural perturbation and discomfort. Dynamic distortions perceived in progressive lenses are similar to movements of a boat that rolls from side to side or pitches back and forth. This type of stimulation was reproduced in a full immersive virtual environment with simulated a black and white checkerboard at floor level. This checkerboard periodically swayed at different frequencies and amplitudes. Studies on this topic reveal that visually induced postural responses increase with stimulus velocity and decrease as frequency increases. This information may seem contradictory because these two variables are linked by the amplitude and covary in the same direction. The first objective was to determine the possible causes of this contradiction. Our results show that the postural response to the visual stimulus can be divided into several different areas depending on the frequency range. The first area corresponds to frequencies below 0,12Hz. In this category, postural response is dependent on visual information and increased with stimulus velocity. The second area corresponds to frequencies above 0,25Hz. In this category, postural response saturates and decreases with increasing frequency. This saturation seems to be caused by biomechanical and frequency limitations of the postural system. Other studies have examined subjective discomfort induced by periodic visual stimuli. In the scientific community, two main theories exist: the sensory conflict theory and the postural instability theory. The first theory is based on sensory conflicts induced by the visual stimulus while the second theory suggests that postural discomfort is the result of postural instability. Our results show that subjective discomfort induced by dynamic visual stimulation depends on the velocity of the stimulus rather than its frequency. Discomfort can be predicted by the natural instability of individuals in the absence of visual stimuli as suggested by the postural theory. However, postural instability induced by a dynamic visual stimulus is neither necessary nor sufficient to cause discomfort. According to our results, neither the sensory conflict theory, nor the postural instability theory on their own can explain all the mechanisms behind the appearance of subjective discomfort. These two theories are complementary, one explaining that the intrinsic instability is a predictor of discomfort; the other that discomfort induced by a dynamic visual stimulus involves a conflict between sensory input and representations obtained by the individual.

Keyphrases: Posture, Subjective discomfort, Velocity, Temporal frequency
Rôles de K-RAS et de ERCC1 dans le traitement
des carcinomes épidermoïdes avancés de la tête et du cou traités par chimioradiothérapie concomitante

Background: RAS gene mutations have been shown to occur in certain malignancies and have an impact treatment response and overall prognosis. Excision repair cross- complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is a gene implicated in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair, whose polymorphism at codon 118 has been linked to treatment response. Studies of these two genes in head and neck oncology literature have shown inconsistent results. Objectives: Determine the influence of K-RAS mutations (codons 12 and 13) and the polymorphism of ERCC1 codon 118 in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concomitant platinum-based chemoradiation therapy. Methods: DNA extraction from paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with concomitant chemoradiation and followed prospectively for at least two years. Identification of K- RAS mutations (codons 12 and 13) and ERCC1 codon 118 polymorphism in the extracted DNA. Correlation of these markers with treatment response. Results: K-RAS codon 12 mutations were associated with a worse locoregional control than tumors without any mutations (32% vs 83% p=0.03); however, mutational status did not influence overall survival. No K-RAS codon 13 mutation was identified in our specimens. The different ERCC1 polymorphisms did not have an impact on treatment response. Conclusion: K-RAS mutational status (codon 12 and 13) and ERCC1 codon 118 polymorphism does not seem to discriminate between patients for whom another treatment option should be sought in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Keyphrases: ERCC1, Squamous cell carcinoma, Head and neck cancer, Biomarkers, K-RAS, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Polymorphism, Platinum-based agents
Oxygénation des lits capillaires à la papille optique des patients sains et glaucomateux

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Traditionally, open-angle glaucoma was defined as a neurodegenerative disease characterized by high intraocular pressure (IOP), progressive retinal cell death with subsequent visual field loss. Elevated IOP has been identified as one of the major risk factors for glaucomatous optic nerve damage. However, adequate IOP control cannot prevent progression of the disease in all patients suggesting that there are other factors involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Recent studies suggest that hypoxia may contribute to the development of glaucoma.  Using a new multi-spectral detection system of oxygen saturation (O2Sa), this study determined whether an abnormal state of oxygenation at the optic disc could be found in glaucoma patients. Knowledge about the influence of the oxygen in glaucoma may help to improve the pronostic of the disease. The results of the study indicate that the position factor (superior, temporal and inferior of the optic nerve head) has no effect on the measurement of O2Sa and its variability in normal patients.  Comparing the O2Sa between normal subjects and glaucoma subjects shows no statistically significant difference. In conclusion, the «normal» O2Sa measured in glaucomatous eyes does not necessarily exclude that hypoxia is not involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma because glaucoma patients were under treatment with topical drops that lowered IOP. These medicines could affect the oxygenation of the optic disc.

Keyphrases: primary open-angle glaucoma, oxygen saturation, optic disc, hypoxia, intraocular pressure, pathophysiology of glaucoma, multichannel spectroscopy