NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
The politics of female friendship in contemporary speculative fiction

This project examines how politics and friendship are actualized in speculative fiction across different media in the twenty-first century. This thesis discusses how these interpersonal relationships affect the social sphere and the status quo of the fictional worlds in question. To guide the discussion, I use the concept of relational autonomy, which recognizes the interconnectedness of both autonomous individuals and the community at large, and ethics of care, which understands morality as relational and contextualized. I use these two frameworks in tandem to discuss how friendships are conducive to political participation. The first chapter presents an overarching discussion of Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale (1985) in its legacy to the feminist speculative fiction genre. Following, in the first section, I focus on notions of autonomy in relation to Renée Nault's graphic novel adaptation of Atwood’s novel (2019) and contrast it with Kelly Sue DeConnick and Valentine de Landro’s comic Bitch Planet (2013-2017). In the second section, I focus on the ethics of care as a process that can foster friendships with political implications by analyzing Hulu's TV adaptation of The Handmaid's Tale and BBC America's Orphan Black. SF offers the freedom to test different political ideas and to understand how society might react in extreme scenarios. These thought experiments reflect our own political struggles and shortcomings; ultimately, they might point at better ways to solve current problems.

Keyphrases: The Handmaid's Tale, Margaret Atwood, Renée Nault, Bitch Planet, Kelly Sue DeConnick and Valentine De Landro, Orphan Black, Friendship, Ethics of care, Relational autonomy, Speculative fiction
Polyphonies féminines : exister et résister à travers l’hybridité poétique et sa traduction : Amelia Rosselli, Toni Maraini, Dahlia Ravikovitch et Yona Wallach

This thesis analyzes the poetry of Amelia Rosselli (1930–1996), Toni Maraini (1941), Dahlia Ravikovitch (1936–2005), and Yona Wallach (1944–1985) from the angle of protest. The main aim of this research is to study the subversive potential of poetic hybridity, as it shows in the work of these women poets. Through their writing, in fact, they rebel against the dictates of the patriarchal system. The context of these works are post-war Italy (Rosselli and Maraini) and the founding of the State of Israel (Ravikovitch and Wallach), both periods marked by militarist virilism and heroic values. According to my hypothesis, such virilism is one of the reasons why the poetic expression of these women is conceived as a battle. Each in their own way, the authors aspire to a social revolution, which focuses on the status of women and their writing. Which shapes does this battle take, and how is it reflected in the poetry of these authors? How is their writing expressed as a space for negotiation within the language of the fathers? Starting from the notion of hybridity, this thesis investigates the idea of a protest expression emanating from the interstices of the dominant discourse (Bhabha). This work is divided into three main parts. Firstly, I show how women appropriate and alter male language as a tool of dissent, thus creating a renovated language. Secondly, I focus on the appropriation and ingestion of the corpus of men: both in the sense of literary material (intertextuality), and as body stricto sensu (cannibalism). Finally, I analyze how the woman-subject conquers and hybridizes space and time, which have been normally defined by male privilege. The act of translation is directly connected with the process of hybridization. Translating, in fact, resolves in a new cannibalization of the corpus, which is then moved to another space-time dimension.  By approaching the texts in the original languages (Italian, French, Hebrew), as well as their translations (English, French, Italian), I show how the translation acts as a sounding box, amplifying the original intention of battle. Thanks to these new interpretive trajectories, focusing on the subversive dimension of these authors’ poetry, this work highlights the transformative power of substituting fixed categories imposed by patriarchal society with a more fluid vision of the world. Thus, the hybrid writing of women has the potential to transform the written page into a revolutionary space from which a new paradigm can emerge.

Keyphrases: Rosselli, Amelia, Maraini, Toni, Wallach, Yona, Women’s poetry, Hybridity, Intertextuality, Cannibalization, Translation, Comparative literature
Entre archives et archive : l’espace inarchivé et inarchivable du cinéma de réemploi

Between archives, as defined by archival science, and the archive as a concept used outside of the discipline, there is a semantic, conceptual and theoretical gap. On one side archives represent the documentary by-product of human activity retained for their long-term value. On the other the archive has become a conceptual and critical tool to address a variety of ideas linked to memory and history. However, this interval between archives and archive is particularly fertile. In this space, nontraditional archives users, such as found footage filmmakers (whose works consist in reusing pre-existing footage) find inspiration. Through the narratives of their work, they show what is not always visible in archives. From the decomposition of film stock to the power dynamics behind archiving and its tacit narratives, through emotions and affect conveyed by records, the artworks confront us with a double unarchived and unarchivable dimension (what is not archived and what cannot be archived), constituent of how archives are created. Studying the archives that are part of found footage works through their usage (exploitation), namely their uses and potentials uses, it is possible to categorize the composition of the unarchived and the unarchivable. Three main divisions emerge from this analysis: the absence, linked to gaps, fragments and incompleteness; the forbidden that manifests in archives as material traces; the invisible that takes part in what is not shown. These three categories have to do with an unconceived (impensé): a state of the archival field reflecting the intentional or unintentional inconceivability or omission of some of its theoretical or practical aspects. In investing in the unconceived, in other words studying archival science from practices on the margins, it is possible to renew ideas and discourses inside the discipline.

Keyphrases: Archives, Archive, Absence, Invisible, Found footage, Archival usage, Archival science, Unarchivable, Unconceived, Forbidden
Activité de réflexion guidée pour affiner le jugement clinique en contexte d’incertitude dans la gestion de la douleur en centre d’hébergement

In long-term care homes, ambiguous pain assessment situations can cause uncertainty for nurses and some errors in their clinical judgment. The goal of this practicum was to develop and implement a guided reflective activity with nursing working in these settings in order to refine their clinical judgment in the context of uncertainty for the management of pain in cognitively impaired resident who cannot self-report pain. To this end, we used the clinical judgment model of Tanner (2006) to structure a reflective approach guided by the reflection model for clinical judgment of Lavoie, Boyer, Pepin, Goudreau, and Fima (2017). A guided reflection activity in small groups was implemented with 24 nurses. During this guided reflection process, they shared their experiences and explained their clinical reasoning from which the clinical judgment ensues. The implementation of this reflective activity resulted in outcomes described in the scientific literature. In clinical practice, nurses indicated the need to recognize their sense of uncertainty to trigger a process of validating various hypotheses in addition to increasing confidence in their pain assessment in a context of uncertainty. Recommendations concerning the integration of such a reflective activity as an educational strategy for continuing education are proposed.

Keyphrases: Older people, Long-term care, Nurse, Ambiguity, Uncertainty, Clinical reasoning, Clinical judgment, Pain assessment, Neurocognitive disorders
Juegos de rutina en tehuelche : ambigüedades semánticas en contextos de documentación lingüística

This paper presents an interview within the framework of the ethnographic documentation of the Tehuelche language (TEH) of Patagonia, made in 2018 with a single speaker. The contexts in which the Tehuelche language emerges are analyzed, departing from the idea that each linguistic statement establishes relationships between the participants while, at the same time, it shapes the conversation according to its pragmatic effects. It is shown, in the frst place, that the “languages” thus “obtained” are a very particular construction that arises from the particular development of the interview, and that they lose their communicative capacity when they are extracted from the context. Second, it is argued that the effective communicative competence of a speaker cannot be determined by techniques that respond to external criteria bounded to expressions of power. Finally, the consequencesof those approaches that do not contemplate language as a complex semiotic medium are analyzed in revitalization contexts.

Keyphrases: Tehuelche, Linguistic documentation, Last speaker, Linguistic revitalization, Refexivity
L’expérience des patients partenaires impliqués dans la formation des futurs professionnels de la santé

Chronic diseases are a significant social problem. They are responsible for 63% of deaths and are the leading cause of death in the world (WHO, 2019). Given the chronicity and complexity of these diseases, treatments often require prolonged care and the involvement of several health professionals (Golay, 2001). In this context, the effectiveness of treatments depends, among other things, on the expertise of patients in the management of their condition as well as on optimal collaboration among professionals (Wagner, 2000). This explains the change in the philosophy and practice that has marked the evolution of health care over the past 50 years. Consequently, it becomes essential that this collaborative approach in partnership be reflected in the training of future professional by means of training in interprofessional collaboration (Barr et al., 2017). It is likely a promising way to improve the health of populations and optimize the quality of care (Pomey et al., 2015b). In order to adequately prepare its students for various health professions, Université de Montréal offers training activities in interprofessional collaboration that involve patient-educators and students from 13 programs (DCPP, 2019; Vanier et al., 2013). The involvement of patient-as-trainers remains voluntary and can be demanding on a personal level justifying that we investigate what motivates them and what they get from their involvement in order to perpetuate their essential commitment to the development of care and training environments. This study was able to shed light on the symbolic role of the academic environment for patient-as-trainers. The desire to have a positive impact in the development of future health professionals would be one of their main motivations. In addition, their teaching experience seems to be part of a larger personal developmental process allowing them to consolidate their identity as patient and to grow as a human. Accordingly, the creation of a space where they can exchange and feel more supported by the training environments, as well as the respect of the principles of the partnership among all the parties involved in the workshops would be a promising avenue to better meet their needs and ensure the sustainability of their commitment.

Keyphrases: Patient Partnership, Patient-as-trainers, interprofessional education
Caractérisation comportementale, électrophysiologique et histologique d’un modèle animal de traumatisme spinal et cérébral concomitant

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) affect 17,810 people in North America every year. In this  condition, most individuals will lose the ability to perform simple motor actions and will  additionally suffer from sleep disturbances, emotional distress (anxiety and depression) and  cognitive impairments (memory). The occurrence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in SCI population  is underestimated and missed-diagnosed in 12.4 to 74% of SCI patients, impeding the  implementation of optimal rehabilitation strategies and drug therapies. Although specialized care  is critically needed to improve rehabilitation outcomes in these patients, specialized dual diagnosis  care and evidence-based approaches for treatment are currently lacking. To address this knowledge  gap, we developed and characterized a novel rodent model of concomitant TBI and SCI. Using a  combination of behavioral and electrophysiological techniques, we examined the impact of  concomitant TBI and SCI on motor function, sleep, emotional state, and cognition. A group of rats  receiving concomitant TBI and SCI were compared with control groups that received SCI only or  surgical procedures without injuries (SHAM group). Global locomotion and sleep were evaluated  each week for one month by using the open-field test and electroencephalography to evaluate sleep  architecture, the spectral composition of vigilance states, including delta activity during non-rapid  eye movement (NREM) sleep. Emotional states and cognition were assessed at 6 weeks after  surgery. Anxiety and depression were tested using the open-filed and sucrose preference tests,  respectively. Working memory and spatial memory were evaluated by Y Maze test and spatial  object recognition test, respectively. We found that concomitant TBI-SCI and SCI alone both  impacted locomotor abilities, by comparison to the intact state. The duration and quality of  wakefulness and sleep were not significantly affected by SCI or TBI-SCI, despite spectral analysis  showing a tendency for TBI-SCI to increase NREM sleep delta activity. Neither concomitant TBI SCI nor SCI significantly impacted anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in comparison to the  SHAM group. By contrast, working memory was significantly impaired after TBI-SCI but was  preserved in SHAM and SCI groups. This result suggests that working memory could potentially  be used as a biomarker of these concomitant injuries. Further experiments are needed to fully  characterize this novel animal model. This includes performing more specific behavioral tests in  the acute and chronic stages after injury. Also, immunochemistry experiments directed on  molecular markers of neuro-inflammation and plasticity are needed. This novel animal model will  be useful to create and adapted diagnosis and therapeutic tools for TBI-SCI patients.

Keyphrases: cognition, locomotion, rat, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, concomitant traumatic injury, functional  recovery, sleep, cognition, locomotion, emotional state, memory
Characterization of microvascular stress and cell death responses triggered by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and their roles in progressive fibrosis

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a crucial clinical event, with increasing incidence and mortality. Among various pathogenesis of AKI, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important etiology, especially in the renal post-transplant scenario. The complex of programmed cell deaths (PCD) developed in IRI-induced AKI has been proven in a number of investigations. Renal tubular epithelial injury has been considered as the major contributor in AKI and multiple programmed tubular epithelial cell (TECs) deaths have been demonstrated in the literature. However, renal microvascular endothelial injury is attracting more attention as an important inducer of microvascular dysfunction and renal progressive fibrosis. Some investigators, including our team, have reported the development of renal endothelial apoptosis in the condition of ischemia. Apoptosis, a commonly known programmed cell death, has been elucidated in both renal TECs and microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) post-IRI and the activation of caspase-3 functions as the key effector of caspase-dependent apoptosis. To verify the importance of apoptosis in IRI- induced AKI, we applied the in vivo murine renal IRI model in wild-type and caspase-3 KO mice, with clamping the renal artery for 30 minutes (mild AKI model) or 60 minutes (severe AKI model). In regard to the mild AKI model, our result demonstrates that caspase-3 deficiency prevents ECs apoptotic death in all phases of AKI, attenuating microvascular rarefaction, collagen deposition, and renal fibrosis, while maintaining physical endothelial permeability in the long-term. Meanwhile, caspase-3 deletion aggravates tubular injury in the short-term by promoting TECs necroptosis but ameliorates long-term tubular injury through preserved peritubular capillaries (PTCs) function. Furthermore, caspase-3 deficiency also demonstrated a protective effect against renal microvascular rarefaction, progressive renal fibrosis, as well as enhanced endothelial permeability in the severe AKI model. Conclusively, our findings determine the crucial effect of microvascular endothelial apoptosis as an inducer of renal microvascular dysfunction, microvascular rarefaction, and progressive renal fibrosis in the pathophysiology of mild and severe AKI induced by IRI. Additionally, our results demonstrate the predominant importance of microvascular endothelial injury over tubular epithelial injury in predicting renal function loss at long-term post-IRI.

Keyphrases: Apoptosis, Fibrosis, Endothelial permeability, Microvascular rarefaction, Necroptosis, Ischemia-reperfusion injury, Acute kidney injury
Regulation of inflammation in choroidal neovascularization in age related macular degeneration

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible central vision impairment in people over 50 in industrialized countries, with major societal and financial impacts. AMD is a multifaceted disease provoked by interactions among environmental risk factors and genetic backgrounds in which inflammation plays an important role. Proinflammatory effects cause a disruption of the physiologically immunosuppressive subretinal environment. The ensuing accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes in the subretinal space is central to the etiology of both atrophic and wet forms of AMD. After smoking, obesity is one of the most important modifiable risk factors. We demonstrate that high-fat diets exacerbate choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) by altering gut microbiota. Gut dysbiosis leads to heightened intestinal permeability and chronic low-grade inflammation, increases recruitment of microglia and macrophages to the site of pathological angiogenesis in the eye and ultimately exacerbates CNV. Modifying microbiota can reduce systemic and local choroidal inflammation and attenuate pathological neovascularization and may thus provide minimally intrusive and cost-effective paradigms to prevent or delay exudative AMD. Another therapeutic option that could reduce CNV through inflammatory modulation is locally trapping ligands of NRP1 with a NRP1-derived trap. Ligands for NRP1 are elevated in the vitreous of patients with AMD at times of active CNV. We found that NRP1-expressing MPs promote CNV by mitigating production of inflammatory factors and promoting alternative activation, giving the MPs a pro-angiogenic character. The less inflammatory and more M2-like MPs that are enriched with age and exacerbate CNV can be rendered less detrimental by hindering NRP1 activation. This thesis explores two angles wherein regulation of inflammation can influence the formation of CNV and lays the groundwork for future development of novel effective primary and secondary preventive treatments for AMD.

Keyphrases: Neuropiline-1, Inflammation, Age related macular degeneration, Choroidal neovascularization, Obesity, Gut Microbiota, Angiogenesis, Inflammation, Retina, Neuropilin-1, Mononuclear phagocytes, Macrophage polarization.
Rôle des protéines ERM au cours de la morphogenèse cellulaire

Cell morphogenesis represents the set of events that dictate the shape and structure of a cell. These morphological changes are important for many vital mechanisms such as embryonic development, inflammatory response, or wound healing. Cell morphogenesis depends mainly on the remodeling of the cell cytoskeleton which forms the framework of the cell when associated with the plasma membrane. Ezrin, radixin and moesin belong to the ERM family and crosslink the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules. Therefore, ERMs are involved in various fundamental processes requiring remodeling of the cell cortex such as mitosis and migration. In a pathological context, overexpression and/or overactivation of ERMs correlate with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis in patients. Thus, a better understanding of the regulation of these three proteins could help in the development of new therapeutic solutions. The aim of my PhD work was to identify and characterize novel signaling pathways regulating ERMs. In a first step (i), I participated in the development and characterization of BRET2 biosensors allowing to follow the activity of each ERM protein in real time. These BRET2 biosensors are compatible with large-scale studies which will allow us to perform genomic and chemical screens to identify, respectively, new upstream regulators and pharmacological inhibitors of ERMs. Secondly (ii), based on BRET2-chemical screen, we identified microtubules as new negative regulators of ERMs. We then showed that depolymerization of interphase microtubules at mitosis entry triggers ERM activation and cell rounding. Finally (iii), we showed that the G protein-coupled receptor TPα regulates the activity of ERMs in triple negative breast cancer cells. This regulation is important for the motility of these cells. To conclude, in addition to having developed new tools useful for large-scale studies, my PhD work has uncovered two new signaling pathways regulating ERMs during mitosis and cell motility. In addition to providing new information on a fundamental aspect, my work has provided new insights into the roles of ERMs in the development of metastasis.

Keyphrases: BRET2, ERM proteins, cell morphogenesis, mitosis, cell migration, metastasis