L’utilisation des services de centre de jour
par les personnes âgées qui présentent des incapacités

Background: Adult Day Centers (ADC) offer group-based interventions to older, community-dwelling individuals with functional limitations, with the aim of helping them remain in the community for as long as possible. Recent studies seem to indicate that regular use is needed for positive effects on participants and their caregivers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to document the use of ADCs by seniors with functional limitations. There were three main objectives: 1) To identify the characteristics of ADC users versus non-users and to identify the determinants of use. 2) To explore how well ADC program activities matched the different needs of participants with various health and functional characteristics profile. 3) To examine the factors related to regularity of ADC attendance. Methods: This study was based on a secondary analysis of data collected from 723 seniors participating in the Services intégrés pour personnes âgées (SIPA) demonstration project implemented in two CLSCs in Montreal. ADC use data were obtained for a six month period, from the five ADCs serving the same catchment area. To better understand the ADC program characteristics, individual interviews and focus groups were carried out with ADC coordinators. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and logistic and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results are presented in three articles, one for each main objective. Article 1: The proportion of ADC users was 18.8% (CI-0.95: 16.0 – 21.7%). The following factors increased the probability of ADC use: being younger (OR: 1.12; CI-0.95: 1.06 – 1.19); not having a university degree (OR: 1.92; CI-0.95: 1.04 – 3.57); receiving help from the CLSC for daily living activities more than once a week (OR: 1.73 and 2.48 for help two to five times per week and six to seven times per week respectively; CI-0.95: 1.06 - 2.80 and 1.22 - 5.06); being in the catchment population of an ADC with a lower daily fee (OR: 1.054; C-I0.95: 1.001 - 1.108 for each 1$ fee increase); and for men only, having had a stroke or presenting with more functional incapacities (interaction between gender and presence of a stroke: OR: 0.298; CI-0.95: 0.108 - 0.825; interaction between gender and functional capacity as measured by OARS: OR: 1.096; CI-0.95: 1.019 - 1.178). In addition, the probability of ADC use was higher among individuals who live with the person identified as their caregiver. However, this association was found only among persons born in Canada (interaction between whether they lived with caregiver and country of birth: OR: 0.417; CI-0.95: 0.185 - 0.938). Article 2: Four different participant profile groups were identified using cluster analysis: 1) frail seniors of advanced age who had a large number of health problems; 2) individuals who were younger and more independent than the average participants who appeared early users of ADC; 3) individuals with functional impairment related to cognitive problems; and 4) those with movement disorders which affected their independence. Classification of program activities by a panel of experts distinguished eight categories of activities: physical exercise; groups for those with common diagnoses or functional problems; functional activities; cognitive stimulation; music or reminiscence activities; sports and physical games; social skills and interaction; disease prevention and health promotion activities. The most frequent activities were physical exercise, and social skills and interaction activities in which more of 90% of ADC users participated, respectively at a mean of 78% (± 23%) and 72% (± 24%) of their attendances at the ADC program. Other categories of activities were provided to 45 to 77% of participants, and at a mean of 35% (± 15%) to 46% (± 33%) of their ADC attendances. Participation in these activities categories was examined for each profile group, and compared to the recommended activities for such client group. Partial correspondence was found between program activities and participants’ needs. Concordance seemed higher for individuals with physical health problems or mobility impairments and weaker for those presenting with depressive symptoms or cognitive impairments. Article 3: ADC participants were registered with their program for a mean of 1.56 (±0.74) days per week, but were actually present 68.1% of the scheduled days. More regular attendance (higher proportion of scheduled days attended) was associated with: a previous profession of ADC participant or spouse in a sector other than health care (b: .209; CI-0.95: .037 − .382); the individual receiving formal help for activities of daily living on days of expected ADC participation (b: .124; CI-0.95: .019 − .230); enrolment for the whole day rather than half a day (b: .209 : CI-0.95: .018 − .399); lower participation rates in prevention and health promotion activities (b: .223; CI-0.95: .044 − .402); and among participants with cognitive impairment, lower caregiver burden, and among persons without cognitive impairment, higher caregiver burden (interaction between cognitive impairment and caregiver burden: b: -.008; CI-0.95: -.014 − -.044). Conclusion: In keeping with their mission, adult day centres attract a large portion of seniors with disabilities. This study has identified the characteristics of the clientele who are most likely to participate in centre activities. Results also suggest a need to review the planning of activity program components to ensure that the services offered best respond to client needs, particularly clients presenting with depressive symptoms or cognitive impairments. It has also demonstrated that the intensity of exposure to this service tends to be low overall, which raises the question of the level of exposure needed to have a positive influence on the quality of life and ability to remain in the community among this population.

Keyphrases: Personnes âgées, Adult Day Care, Adult Day Services, Community longterm care, Elderly, Frail seniors, Therapeutic activities, Service use