NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Procéduralisme épistémique et légitimité démocratique : une défense de l'égalité politique

This study explores the relationship between democracy and political legitimacy in an epistemic perspective. Democracy, in its most general sense, gives everyone the possibility to defend its interests, especially during an election. This decision-making process that is the vote devotes somehow freedom and equality enjoyed by all citizens, and confers legitimacy in decision making. That beeing said, if the vote is not framed by epistemic considerations, there is no guarantee that the political outcome will be desirable for the community: it is quite possible to imagine that discriminatory, economically harmful or ineffective policies may emerge from such decision-making process, and take effect at the expense of all.  In order to adress this problem, various democratic theories have emerged and have succeeded in an attempt to further link the democratic process to achieve political objectives beneficial to the community. In many of them, deliberative democracy has proposed to substitute the sole confrontation of interests of the aggregative democracy by a collective search for the common good, channeled around deliberative procedures referred to legitimize on more solid foundations democratic exercise. In the same vein, epistemic democracy was inspired by the deliberative bodies by putting more emphasis on the quality of the results than on the procedures themselves.  Ultimately, the same dilemma haunts every time the different theories: is it better to build decision-making bodies, focusing primarily on procedural criteria themselves, at the risk of bad decisions managing their way through the process, or must we have from the outset a more substantial conception of what constitutes a good decision, this time at the risk of sacrificing the freedom of choice that is supposed to characterize a democratic regime?  The thesis we will defend is that the concept of political equality can be used to resolve this dilemma, taken as well as a procedural criterion than as a pre-established political objective. Political equality is in this sense a strong normative source of political legitimacy. In the end, we hope to have shown that the achievement of substantial political equality by means of egalitarian procedures is not an hermetic tautology, but rather a reflexive mechanism improving the robustness of the decision-making procedures while achieving substantive equality in the relations between citizens.

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Democracy, Legitimacy, Epistemology, Equality
A.A. Milne - When We Were Very Young : cycle éclectique de chansons pour enfants, chanté par des enfants

When We Were Very Young is a collection of poems by A.A. Milne that I have adapted to a stylistically diversified children's songbook. This choice was made for many reasons: first, this cycle has never been put to music in it's entirety; second, to bring our generation a literary heritage in song form. By working on different pastiches, I have attempted to broad my musical horizons, in order to eventually find my own voice. My music is designed to be enjoyed by a musically untrained audience, while aiming for refinement in texture and harmony. Therefore, the composition techniques used are bound to be limited to tonal or modal harmonies, to avoid overly complex progressions and find an innovative approach to texture and form. While keeping a clear harmonic language, my approach as a composer is to break the rigid form of a verse-chorus-verse type song and become more attentive to the prosody and the linguistic subtleties. Today, children's music is considered simple and adapted to a public deemed uninterested by rich and diversified textures. While I understand that many contemporary languages are too complex for an average listener, I believe it is still possible to aim at a compositional level that offers to its audience new and interesting colors.

Keyphrases: Tonal, Modal, Cycle, Pastiche, Song, Children, Poem
Étude du syncrétisme de l’assiko à travers le geste et le foyer socioculturel d’un guitariste Bassa

This master’s thesis is concerned with the role of musical gesture in the development of musical styles that have become syncretic. It seeks to define in detail the popular guitar style of assiko, particular to the Bassa of Southern Cameroon, as represented internationally by the guitarist and traditionally initiated percussionist, Atna Njock. Through a dialogic and participative approach, the techniques that underlie assiko guitar playing are explored by comparison with European, African American, and African examples. The influences that define Atna’s playing are contextualized within Bassa culture, with its troubled history of colonial and missionary influence, and elaborated by an account of his particular musical philosophy (or spirituality) and background. The participatory approach provides an emic perspective, meaning internal to the culture, of assiko playing technique and structure while subjecting the musician’s statements to our own analytical scrutiny. The comparison with the various percussion instruments on which Atna was initiated demonstrates how these instruments shaped his guitar playing. His role as “guarantor” of Bassa musical tradition underlies his approach to music, which manifests as a particular concern for “authenticity” in the reproduction of the rhythms of a given musical “language”. His connection to Bassa culture is ultimately expressed through his reproduction of the playing style of his master, originator of modern assiko, Jean Bikoko “Aladin”. Atna’s particular contribution to Bikoko’s guitar technique is conceived as adding to the ancestral lineage. An analysis of a current assiko piece from Atna’s most recent album demonstrates how his incorporation of “modern” styles reflects traditional processes of incorporating foreign cultural elements.

Keyphrases: Assiko, Bassa, Musical gesture, Syncretism, Guitar
L'utilisation de l'argile dans l'architecture domestique et publique en Grèce antique : une étude d'un inventaire de sites archéologiques

This thesis is an exploration about the use of earth, more precisely clay, in domestic and public architecture in ancient Greece. In a first time, we will review some publications about clay and the different uses that was made of it during Antiquity. Then, we will present some archaeological sites that show remains in clay, more precisely wall architecture of mud-brick, and adobe. This kind of remains is really rare in Greek archaeology, and through this thesis we will see why, try to solve some questions about it, and finally, talk about the future and conservation of these remains.

Keyphrases: architecture publique, archaeology, clay, domestic architecture, public architecture, adobe, mud-brick, houses remains, wall foundation, wall, conservation, ancient Greece, Antiquity
La québécité dans le théâtre contemporain Mythanalyse de Scotstown, Yukonstyle et Félicité

This memoir addresses three works of contemporary Quebec theatre, Fabien Cloutier’s Scotstown, Sarah Berthiaume’s Yukonstyle and Olivier Choinière’s Félicité, for the purpose of comparing them. This comparison must fuel a reflection on the concept of Quebec-ness, herein defined as the establishment of a treatment of identity promoting the development of an ambivalent identity. By providing that identity discourses are marked by what Gérard Bouchard calls “social myths”, this memoir analyses the proposed corpus with the intent of extracting the rational part of such myths along with their emotional parts, with both parts considered equally significant in the foundation identity. This memoir seeks to move away from common conceptions of Quebec-ness that are rooted in a political and historical tradition influenced by nationalism and proposes a more global definition of this concept, a definition that takes into account various meanings, allowing us to revisit the history of Quebec dramaturgy, as said dramaturgy ironically maintains an ambivalent position in regards to identity discourses since the Quiet Revolution.

Keyphrases: Théâtre contemporain, Mythe social, Quebec theatre, Contemporary theatre, Social myth, Quebec-ness, Theatre history, Identity
Les débats publics suscités par la création des Expos de Montréal

The 1960’s in Québec were marked by an intense nationalist movement promoting the political and cultural affirmation of the province’s francophone population. Also, the americanization of the territory was accelarating. It’s in this particular historical context that were born the Montreal Expos, in 1968, the team being part of the most important baseball league in the world, The Major League Baseball. The MLB then settled on a land where baseball is centenary. The goal of this master thesis is to study the debates and reactions that were created by the advent of Montreal in major baseball, and to determine the influence that the québécois nationalism, the Québec’s americanization and the long history of baseball in the province had on them. Even though both national communities of Québec are studied, the focus is further more on the francophones than the anglophones. The first ones seemed to be more interpellated by the creation of the Expos. Besides that, for the two linguistic groups, the actors who shared the most clearly and often their positions are the sports journalists, whom are in the center of our analysis. The opinions of baseball fans, politicians, buisness men and regular Quebec’s citizens are also presented and analyzed, but with less attention.

Keyphrases: Québec, Sport, Francophones, Anglophones, Montreal Expos, Quebec's nationalism, Quebec's americanization, Baseball history
Étude exploratoire sur le point de vue des enfants placés vivant l'expérience d'avoir des visites supervisées avec leurs parents

The main objective of this research is to provide a better understanding of the experience of children aged between six and twelve years old, placed in care and having supervised visits with their parents, based on the child’s perspective. To be able to do this, semi-directed interviews were made with twelve children either living in family living unit, group home and intermediary units at the Centre jeunesse de Montréal – Institut Universitaire and the Centre jeunesse de la Montérégie. Interviews done with the children were subjected to thematic content analysis. The results demonstrated that children do not always understand the reasons leading to the implementation of supervised visits with their parents, the role of adults in the decisions and the role of the social worker during the visit. Generally speaking, children are favorable with the idea of maintaining contacts with their parents; nevertheless, they demonstrate more criticism with the framework imposed to them during visitation. The study also reveals that children are seldom consulted with regards to the organisation and planning of the visitation and they wish they would play a more active role. As well, children report numerous dissatisfaction in relation with organisational arrangements of visitation. The child discourse analysis enables to demonstrate that supervised visitation are an important source of stress for the child. Therefore, providing an information guide meant for the children aiming at explaining what the meaning of a supervised visit is, why is it implemented and what are the aims and objectives, would be an interesting avenue to explore.

Keyphrases: Child's perspective, supervised visitation, child protection, maintaining contacts, rights of the child, child's best interest
“Vivre en probation” : l’expérience de la probation et sa place dans la trajectoire de vie des contrevenants

Nowadays in criminal justice probation is a well-established sentence. Among community supervision (probation, suspended sentence or parole), probation is by far the most common program in Canada. There are nearly 98,000 adult offenders on probation, corresponding to 61 % of adults under correctional supervision in Canada. That being said, researchers show little interest in this specific program of community supervision. In fact, the focus of research has brought the subject to the margin studies on punishment. Inflation of prison populations has hijacked the scientific scope to prisons ; marked by a certain criminal ideology, the few remaining research on probation take the same path.  In response to an existent request (Phelps, 2015), this study fits to a sociological approach on a macro perspective. The purpose of this study is not to draw up a comprehensive picture or generate statistical trends but focuses on the exploration of their only common point: the experience of probation and how they lived it.

Keyphrases: Probation, experience, life-course, offender, desistance
Mécanismes de transfert de proton d’une réaction acido-basique en phase aqueuse : une étude ab-initio

Proton transfer reactions are found abundantly in nature and are critical processes in several chemical and biological reactions, which often occur in aqueous medium. The mechanisms governing these proton exchanges are complex and poorly understood, sparking interest of researchers for a better fundamental understanding of the transfer process. This manuscript presents a mechanistic study for a proton transfer reaction between an acid (functionalized phenol) and a base (carboxylate ion) in aqueous phase. The results are based on a large number of Ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations performed for a “donor-bridge-acceptor” type of system, where the bridge is a single molecule of water, allowing the development of a detailed kinetic model for this system. The transfer channel mainly observed is an ultra-fast one (less than a picosecond), through the formation of a Eigen-like (H9O4+) structure for the bridging water molecule, leading directly to the formation of the products. A second structure of the bridging water molecule is also observed, which is a Zündel-like (H5O2+) configuration involving the proton acceptor (carboxylate ion), which seems to act as a dead-end for the proton transfer reaction.

Keyphrases: Transfert de charge, Proton transfer, Acid-base reactions, Ab-initio molecular dynamics, Charge transfer, Reaction mechanism, Eigen and Zündel intermediates
L'expérience d'être parent d'un enfant polyhandicapé hébergé

Institutionalization of a child with multiple disabilities, that is, a child with a severe motor and profound intellectual disabilities, occurs in Quebec with little awareness within the community. To date, knowledge of pediatric institutionalization and the parents’ experiences is lacking. This lack of knowledge does not allow the development of nursing interventions suited to the needs of the parents. To alleviate this situation, an inspirational phenomenological study was conducted to explore the meaning of being a parent of a child with multiple disabilities institutionalized in a long-term care pediatric facility. Seven individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with the parent of a child with multiple disabilites housed in a pediatric facility in the Greater Montreal Area. To adopt a systemic and contextual vision related to the field of nursing,  the family systemic approach according to the Calgary model (Wright & Leahey, 2013) was used as a reference. This inspirational phenomenological study identified three themes: a) institutionalization of one’s child: a hard decision to accept, b) the meaning of institutionalization: a positive experience both negative, and c) reappropriation of the parental role. This study helps to clarify the unique features of the experience of being a parent of an institutionalized, severely disabled child.  It also highlights the feelings of the parents, their feedback and suggests how to adapt their parenting role when their child is institutionalized. These results will influence or guide nurses in their daily adapted and personalized family interventions to the needs of parents living in similar circumstances.

Keyphrases: Parent, Child, Multiple handicaps, Résidential facility, Long term pediatric care, Phenomenology, Calgary family assessment model
La pensée complexe comme atout pour les leaders de démarches territoriales de développement durable au Québec

The proliferation of reports and discussions surrounding the 2015 Paris Climate Summit illustrates the complexity of current global issues. In fact, the environmental challenge we face acutely raises the question of the ability of our leaders to cope with their responsibility. This research aim at evaluating whether the leaders involved in sustainable development initiative who implement Morin’s Complex Thought Method are better able to appreciate the many dimensions inherent in these processes. The Complex Thought Method (Morin, 2008) claims to offer a paradigmatic approach that facilitates fair and sensible apprehension of reality.  This study compares twenty-five people located in Quebec who are leaders of sustainable development program based on territorial approaches. The results support Morin’s assertion: Complex Thought is an asset to grasp reality more completely. Indeed, a strong correlation occur between, the degree of control of Complex Thought by leaders and their ability to consider the six dimensions of an integrated comprehensive territorial approach to sustainable development. This being said, few leaders master the art of Complex Thought Strategies and the sustainable development initiatives are generally far from ideal. These findings build on the recent research linking post conventional consciousness level to better sustainable development projects (Boiral and al., 2013). This argues in favor of upgrading leadership development programs to stimulate better Complex Thought and post consciousness stage in benefice of our collective future.

Keyphrases: Leadership, Anthropology, Complex Thought Method, Cognitive complexity, Environmental Leadership, Sustainability, Sustainable development, Consciousness development, Post conventional stages
Les effets de l’éclairage cyclique versus l’éclairage tamisé constant sur la stabilité physiologique et le niveau d’activité motrice de prématurés

Problem statement: After birth, preterm infants evolve in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) characterized by a high and variable lighting which differs significantly from the dimmed intra-uterine environment. Exposure to high or variable NICU lighting can create physiological instability in preterm infants as well as increasing their motor activity level. An appropriate control of the NICU lighting can prevent the adverse effects of exposing infants to inadequate levels of lighting. To date, it appears that two methods of lighting control have been discussed and studied: near dark lighting and cycled lighting. At the same time, it is acknowledged that there is ambiguity about the results of studies which have evaluated these two NICU lighting methods. Therefore, the optimal NICU lighting remains unknown and further research is needed to identify the lighting mode witch promote preterm infant’s adaptation to the NICU environment.  Purpose: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of cycled lighting versus near dark lighting on the physiological stability and motor activity level of preterm infants born between 28 and 32 weeks of gestation.   Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) allowed the assessment of preterm infants' physiological stability and motor activity level. 38 preterm infants born between 28 to 32 weeks of gestational age were recruited from a level II and III NICU university affiliated hospital. Each infant were randomly allocated to one of the following groups for 24 hours: cycled lighting or near dark lighting. Physiological stability was assessed by the SCRIP score, while the motor activity level was evaluated by an accelerometer (Actiwatch®). The light intensity level was continuously measured with a light meter to ensure that the lighting mode assigned was respected.  Results: The analysis conducted indicates no significant difference between the two intervention groups in regard to physiological stability (score SCRIP = p-value 0.54 to 0.96) and the motor activity level (p- value 0.09 to 0.88). This lack of significant difference between the two groups indicates that the participants in the two groups demonstrated a comparable physiological stability state and a comparable level of motor activity when exposed to near dark lighting or cycled lighting.  Conclusion: Guidelines to decrease bright light, either near dark or cycled light should be adopted in NICUs to control preterm infant’s’ exposure to light. Further research is required to identify the method of lighting control (cycled lighting or near dark lighting) which should be implanted in the neonatal unit.

Keyphrases: preterm infant, cycled lighting, near dark lighting, physiological stability, motor activity level, randomized controlled trial
Nietzsche, la pulsion, l’histoire

This study aims to understand the role played by history in Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy and its underappreciated relation to the introduction of the body (Leib) as its philosophical red-thread. Our main goal is to show how his philosophy was able to preserve the historiographical interests on his early period by transforming history’s importance in accordance with the body’s constitutive forces. Starting with his critical discussion of history during his professorship in Basel, we demonstrate how he understood the historical sense as a form of historical sensibility determined by an intuitive yet existentially demanding grasp of the past. We then describe the philosophical renewal of his middle period as a reduction of the history of metaphysics to pathological states that owes much to Michel de Montaigne’s skepticism, nascent evolutionary biology and the burgeoning neo-Kantian movement. By bringing moral and metaphysical values to determinate bodily states, Nietzsche introduces the body as philosophically significant. By a careful reading of contemporary science and its influence on Nietzsche’s thinking, we show how the deconstruction of human subjectivity into its primordial physiological existence culminates in a reinterpretation of biological heredity as a form of incarnate memory, which reduces the concept of biological species to that of morphological types. Finally, we return to our initial discussion of our historical sensibility in order to demonstrate how Nietzsche’s philosophy is through and through historical and seeks not to understand Becoming but to decisively synthesise and decide our historical destiny.

Keyphrases: Nietzsche, Philosophy, Nietzsche, History, Body, Drives, Heredity