NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Femmes et itinérance : trajectoires biographiques et expériences de l'hébergement d'urgence

A controversial subject in the Sociology of Deviance, female homelessness is the result of a variety of factors, including substance abuse, alcoholism, mental health problems, trauma, job loss, loss of housing, divorce, death, domestic violence, etc. form an amalgam of contributing factors (Latimer et al., 2015). These factors are part of structural and individual order. From the sheltering point of view, this phenomenon is often discussed according to the problem of access to the facilities and the lack of privacy within them. These factors would have an impact on the perceptions and self-reports of the women experiencing it. This phenomenon not only cuts across different issues, but also affects a vulnerable population of women who need help tailored to their needs. Identification to the homelessness has a direct impact on individuals, but the status of ‘’homeless woman’’ seems to add a lot of additional difficulties. Second, established social welfare structures add up in the process of stigmatizing these women. The location, the mission of help and the lack of knowledge about these services push the citizens to question the representations of the users of the services. It is therefore relevant to question the existing social assistance systems (crisis center, shelter, day center, etc.) that can encourage a strong discrimination of the population. As a result, the appropriateness of the factors that can lead to homelessness, (welfare structures, control mechanisms etc.) leads to questions about their direct and indirect impacts on the female homeless population. The degradation of the image of the population or the impression of dangerousness can be concrete examples of impacts. The combination of factors leading to homelessness could encourage stigmatization of the population. As part of this masters thesis, these topics will be discussed in two central areas: the status of homeless and women’s accommodation.

Keyphrases: Itinérance, Désafiliation sociale, Homelessness, Women, Shelter, Self-report, Social disaffiliation
L’éducation carcérale postsecondaire en pénitenciers canadiens : entre réhabilitation, responsabilisation et coercition

This thesis aims to deepen the knowledge of college professors who work in the specific environment of federal penitentiaries in Quebec. It seeks to interrogate and analyze the representations that guide their teaching, to grasp the way in which teachers conceive their relationship to students, tasks and institution, both in penitentiaries and in the community. To achieve this, two types of sources informed the analysis, that is, semi-structured interviews with Cégep teachers working in penitentiaries and a documentary analysis of the official reports of the Cégep in charge of those programs. Ultimately, the experience of teachers has been framed by the historical trajectory of prison education and the daily negotiation of their professional role. Thus, on the one hand, this dissertation sets out the presence of professors in penitentiaries in the historical context of the evolution of education in penitentiaries, itself inseparable from the evolution of correctional intervention philosophies. It is therefore within the detotalitarization movement of prisons and paradigm shifts in prison intervention that prison education has historically been institutionalized and has thus given teachers a certain legitimacy. This legitimate place was not acquired without its share of transformations of tasks, and is still responds to the logic of a coercive and gendered institution, marked by a recent conservative political turning point. On the other hand, it is necessary to record the experience of professors in their professional trajectories, which informs the modalities of their engagement both in the prison world and with prisoners. The day-to-day negotiations of their professional role can therefore be understood only within historically constructed margins of action and their personal references.

Keyphrases: Prison, Cégep, Carceral education, Cegep, Professor, Correctional service Canada, SCC, CSC
Crise, blocage et événements : le coaching de vie dans les parcours biographiques

Coaching is recognized as a support service aimed to clients who want to achieve personal and / or professional goals. If executive coaching is intended for managers who encounter difficulties and “turning points” in their professional trajectories (Salman, 2013), there are no biographical surveys concerning the path of life coachees. What is most intriguing with life coaching is that it has a polymorphic character that is elusive in its totality and leaves us with several blind spots. Indeed, having ''life" as a field of practice includes "everything", which is making it difficult to study. However, if one considers the fact that common sense "life" is used as an expression of self (Lévy, 2001): what does the study of this device allow us to know about whom? Based on a qualitative interview of ten coachees life courses (nine women and one man), I propose an analysis of individual and contextual reasons and motivations at the source of their solicitation as well as an exploration of the crisis notion. This research illustrates that the coachees in the sample experienced a biographical crisis caused by the "synchronous co-occurrence" of events in various trajectories of their lives. A type of crisis that causes a blockage (or a freeze) that requires the help of an external party to resolve it. Beyond this individual purpose, the analysis shows that there are important contextual factors explaining life coaching request : a context of general dissatisfaction ( in the private and public life); the occurrence of one or more breaks and biographical transitions (birth, divorce, death, illness, ...); a disappointment with so-called traditional support systems (“solidarities spaces” and psychotherapy f.ex.) and so many other elements whose interconnection shapes collective conditions that guide individuals biographical pathways towards this type of accompaniment. More broadly, given the composition of the sample, this research provides a glimpse into women’s conditions of existence who face various contradictions specific to their social position (s).

Keyphrases: Accompaniment, Crisis, Life coachees, Events, Life course perspective
Les conceptions du rétablissement chez des femmes fréquentant une ressource communautaire en santé mentale

Since deinstitutionalization, many approaches and ways to treat mental health issues has emerged, as well as methods to support the ones affected by such illnesses. Some have evolved, others have disappeared and some news approaches appeared. From the time of psychiatric rehabilitation, we have wanted to promote autonomy and people’s relational abilities, because those were skills that facilitate social reinsertion. We believed this for a while, and some of us still believe, to this day, in your society. It’s only later, when no one had any interest in keeping mentally ill, patient inside of psychiatric facilities, that new values and attitudes started to emerge. We were then still encouraging autonomous and social skills, as well as aiming improvement in self-determination, formations work, life projects and acquisition of all competences that promote personal and social well-being. Then, we have started taking the patient’s opinion regarding the care received into account. Then, arrived the idea of recovery hint mental health. The concept was, at first seen as a new era, then as a philosophy then as on approach. For many authors, recovery in seen as a movement that incites people to initiate introspection, allowing them to experience success in the world. Those the movements are described in the book: Les deux mouvements de l’être (Corin, Poirel et Rodriguez Del Barrio, 2011). For those who, like me, agree with this was of seeing alternative approach will without a doubt consider that it is the best way of promoting rehabilitation. For others, rehabilitation should aim towards psychosocial rehabilitation. This memoir, without telling us how to promote rehabilitation, is focused on the opinion of those who are the most involved, the people living with mental illnesses. It is a study on mentally ill people’s points of view regarding their own recovery. Although we already have studied some insight focuses on those people’s opinions, this study focuses on the recovery of eleven women that went through challenging situations and explains how they overcame them and eventually recovered. Those testimonials exhibit the importance of self-realization, feelings of accomplishment and self-determination within the conception they have of their own recovery. So, we can better identify people’s needs and understand their own individual recovery, and how it fakes place in the individual’s life.

Keyphrases: mental health issues, the concept of recovery, people’s point of view, realization, self-determination
Récits de vie d’hommes ayant vécu une situation de détresse sociale : quels facteurs à l’œuvre dans leurs parcours vers un mieux-être?

A growing number of researches are looking at male realities. However, social distress is a concept that has not been addressed by these. This concept refers to a combination of social and relational experiences that leads to a sense of distress. With the publication of his Men's Health and Welfare Action Plan, the government of Quebec announces that it intends to focus more on the specific needs of men in health and social services. This master's thesis seeks to demonstrate, through the analysis of life stories, the trajectory towards the well-being undertaken by seven men who have experienced a social distress experience. Using a qualitative approach, and clinical sociology as an interpretative paradigm, this research attempts to demonstrate how the objective conditions of existence, and the various events inherent in life trajectories, may have an impact on psychological health. We could talk about a social experience of distress. Thus, it has been demonstrated in this research that people who are experiencing episodes of insecurity can be led to feel a distress that often has no place to express. This is truer for men who have a more rigid adherence to the norms of masculinity. In this sense, the stories collected highlight the major repercussions of male socialization on the trajectories of human aid demand.

Keyphrases: Social distress, male, masculinity, socialization, resilience, clinical sociology, biographical approach, trajectory
Enjeux de la réinsertion sociale chez des hommes ayant purgé une peine d'incarcération au sein d'une institution carcérale

This memoir is a study on the social reinsertion of men having served sentence in a federal institution. Most of the research on this subject doesn’t demonstrate the course taken by the men upon their return to the community. Instead, only one aspect of the subjectis put forward. Thus, the present research addresses this gap by producing a full exploration of the course taken, by each man encountered, in their return to society. Specifically, the main objective of the research is to highlight the different elements that help or hinder the social reintegration of men having served a sentence in a federal institution. The Bronfenbrenner ecological model, used as a theoretical framework, allows the analysis of these processes. Each of the systems included in this theory is explored, and this, for every man participating in the study. Based on a qualitative type research, six men were interviewed. They had all been outside of the prison walls for at least a year. These men are mostly from our big metropolis, but a few are from more distant cities, allowing to explore what happens outside the city of Montreal. For interviews, the methodological approach of life stories is prioritized, which allowed obtaining a wide testimony concerning their reintegration journey. The results of this research show the various pitfalls and difficulties faced by former Federal inmates during their return within the community, and even during their preparation for their release from the penitentiary walls. The various means set up to help did not have the effect wanted for many of the men. Wishing to seek social reintegration and the different ways put in place to help such men, were found in General, social exclusion and limiting factors.

Keyphrases: Social reinsertion, Federal institution, Men, Penitentiary
Clinton VS  Trump : une analyse de l'élection de 2016 sous l'angle de l'information

Information plays an important role in some elections. Bartels evaluates the variable could influence significantly around 50% of all the elections in the United States. Despite a potentially decisive influence, few research has studied the variable in the context of the 2016 election. This thesis examines the level of information the average United States citizen possessed during an election that was all but ordinary. It is argued that the average voters’ behavior was influenced by their level of political information (H1) and that Trump was advantaged by a poorly informed public (H2). The scale of information the voters possessed was built with five questions of elementary political knowledge: the names of Joe Biden, Vladimir Putin, Paul Ryan, Angela Merkel and John Roberts. A second scale is built from the grades the interviewers gave to the respondent sample who answered the questionnaire face to face. Simulations are made to compare the sample to a similar one if it was fully informed and if it had been unable to answer a single question. The fully informed sample shows that 56% of voters would have voted for the democratic candidate, which would have likely guaranteed the victory to Hillary Clinton; when the sample is unable to answer a single question, Donald Trump wins the popular vote with 52% and keeps the electoral college.

Keyphrases: Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, Information, Sophistication, United States, Election
Politique de la théorie et conceptualisation économique dans la méthodologie de Max Weber

This enquiry draws on Sheldon Wolin’s 1981 classic article to analyze Max Weber’s methodological writings as expressing a politics by means of which he legitimizes his intellectual activity. It examines the Weberian politics of theory in light of its context: the debates in which the German Historical School of Political Economy was engaged at the turn of the 20th century.  This study first outlines Weber’s criticisms of two of the founders of the Historical School, Wilhelm Roscher and Karl Knies, on the basis of his three methodological articles on the subject (1903–1906). I show that Weber legitimizes his practice of a “science of reality” by criticizing the incompatibility of Roscher and Knies’ “emanationist” concept formation with the empiricism they advocated.  It then discusses Weber’s methodological essays in the wake of the Methodenstreit, which opposed economists Gustav von Schmoller of the German Historical School and Carl Menger of the Austri-an Marginalist School. I argue that the neo-Kantian epistemological critique of naturalism that Weber develops in his 1904 authoritative essay on “The ‘objectivity’ of knowledge in social science and social policy” should be understood as addressing both German historism and Austrian marginalism. It thus aims to legitimize a nowadays little-known Weberian understanding of economics  (Sozialökonomik), of which the 1914 Grundriss der Sozialökonomik was the most accomplished  expression.

Keyphrases: Max Weber, Methodenstreit, Wilhelm Roscher, Karl Knies, Gustav  von  Schmoller, Carl  Menger, methodology, epistemology, German Historical School, Austrian School of Economics
Modulation de l’activité électromyographique de surface à la suite d’un traitement cognitif-comportemental et psychophysiologique chez des patients atteints du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette ou de tics chroniques persistants

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is characterized by the presence of motor tics and phonic tics. In general, tics are defined as involuntary and repetitive contractions of muscle groups, resulting in motor movement and / or vocalization. Tics could be perceived as an organism response to increased muscle tension and sensorimotor activation. To date, numerous studies have examined electroencephalographic (EEG) activity related to motor inhibition and the preparation and execution of voluntary movement in these patients. However, no study in the scientific review has used surface electromyography (EMG) to systematically observe muscle activation-inhibition patterns related to the ability to regulate the level of muscular tension in the muscles. Therefore, we thus recorded, during a motor task of inhibition of compatibility-stimulus response, the level of muscular tension exerted by a group of muscles during the emission of a motor response in 17 patients with GTS or chronic tics disorder (TTC) compared to 17 healthy participants. In patients with a tic disorder, our results revealed an alteration in the activation-inhibition patterns of muscle tension reflecting abnormalities to effectively modulate the level of muscle tension when emitting a motor response. In particular, our results indicated an over-activation of muscle tension in the clinical group that tends to differentiate itself from healthy participants, but also an abnormality to effectively inhibit contralateral muscle tension at the given response. As a result of the therapy, the results indicate a change in the muscle activation-inhibition pattern in the clinical group, which tends to join the participants in the control group. Based on these results, we suggest that cognitive-behavioral and psychophysiological treatment has a reinforcing effect on the activation-inhibition pattern of muscle tension in patients with a GTS or a TTC allowing them to have better control over their muscular tension and be able to better regulate their activation and muscle inhibition.

Keyphrases: tics, inhibition, surface electromyography, cognitive psychophysiological treatment, muscular tension
La vidéo comme outil de transfert de connaissances en santé publique au Burkina Faso : comparaison de trois genres narratifs

In Africa, a continent where malaria is prevalent, fever is the main reason for medical consultation. Studies on the use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Burkina Faso have shown, however, that an increasing proportion of acute febrile diseases are not related to malaria (Bottger et al., 2017). Some of these cases could be dengue fever, as an epidemic of this disease was declared in Burkina Faso in 2013, followed by a new outbreak in 2016. However, Burkinabe health workers have not received adequate training to treat dengue fever (Munoz et al., 2015). This is a public health problem, since it is known that early detection and access to appropriate medical care can reduce mortality rates to below 1%. Video could help fill this training gap, as it is an effective knowledge transfer tool (Armstrong, Idriss, & Kim, 2011; Fiorella & Mayer, 2018; Yeung, Justice, & Pasic, 2009). However, its use has been little studied in relation to narrative genre. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate the relative effectiveness of three videos adopting different narrative genres (1-journalism, 2- drama, 3-graphic animation) in improving the knowledge of Burkinabe healthcare providers. It also aimed to determine what narrative elements enhance video as a knowledge transfer tool. The videos were tested with nursing students (n = 482) in Ouagadougou using a knowledge questionnaire. Three focus groups were held with students (n = 46), and individual interviews were conducted with health professionals (n = 10).

Keyphrases: Dengue, Burkina Faso, Knowledge transfer, Narrative genre, Training, Public health, Fever, West Africa
Sensorimotor skills in autism spectrum disorder : a meta-analysis

Sensorimotor skills are often reported as atypical in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but little is known about how these skills vary with development. The main objective of this thesis was to conduct a comprehensive quantitative meta-analysis of sensorimotor skills in ASD. The specific aim was to assess the consistency of atypical gross and fine sensorimotor behaviours in ASD. A total of 139 studies were included. Results strongly support the presence of deficits in overall sensorimotor abilities in ASD (k=127, g=1.25, SE=0.08, p <0.001), extended to both fine (k=81 , g=1.11, SE = 0.09, p <0.001) and gross sensorimotor skills (k=65, g=1.27, SE=0.10, p <0.001). The ultimate mission of this research is to support a theoretical groundwork for future sensorimotor-based interventions (e.g., music and dance) in ASD.

Keyphrases: motor skills, motor impairment, sensorimotor, autism spectrum disorder, coordination motrice
Multivariate stochastic loss reserving with common shock approaches

Outstanding claims liability is usually one of the largest liabilities on the balance sheet of a general insurer. Therefore, it is critical for insurers to accurately estimate their outstanding claims. Furthermore, a general insurer typically operates in multiple business lines whose risks are not perfectly dependent. This results in ``diversification benefits", the consideration of which is crucial due to their effects on the aggregate reserves and capital. It is then essential to consider the dependence across business lines in the estimation of outstanding claims.      The goal of this thesis is to develop new approaches to assess outstanding claims for portfolios of dependent lines. We explore the common shock technique for model developments, a very popular dependence modelling technique with distinctive strengths, such as explicit dependence structure, ease of interpretation, and parsimonious construction of correlation matrices. We also aim to enhance the practicality of our approaches by incorporating realistic and desirable model features.       Motivated by the richness of the Tweedie distribution family which covers Poisson distributions, gamma distributions and many more, we introduce a common shock Tweedie framework with dependence across business lines. Desirable properties of this framework are studied, including its marginal flexibility, tractable moments, and ability to handle masses at  0.       To overcome the complex distributional structure of the Tweedie framework, we formulate a Bayesian approach for model estimation and perform a real data illustration. Remarks on practical features of the framework are drawn.       Loss reserving data possesses an unbalanced nature, that is, claims from different positions within and between loss triangles can vary widely as more claims typically develop in early development periods. We account for this feature explicitly in common shock models with a parsimonious common shock adjustment. Theoretical and real data illustrations are performed using the multivariate Tweedie framework.       Finally, in the last part of this thesis, we develop a dynamic framework with evolutionary factors to account for claims development patterns that change over time. Calendar year dependence is introduced using common shocks. We also formulate an estimation approach that is tailored to the structure of loss reserving data and perform a real data illustration.

Keyphrases: distribution Tweedie, stochastic reserving, loss triangles, common shock, evolutionary modelling, robotic reserving, Tweedie family of distributions, Bayesian estimation, unbalanced data, particle  filtering, Kalman filtering