NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
« Et ils prophétiseront » :
la prophétie de Jl 3,1-5 reprise en Ac 2, 17-21 : clé d'interprétation du phénomène pentecostal

This present research argues that the gift of the Spirit in the Pentecost account  (Ac 2.1-13) is to be understood as a source of empowerment for the task of witnessing. The thesis that I defend is that the passage of Ac 2.17-21 is in fact a fundamental axis of the pneumatic theology of Luke’s work, which in turn interprets the pentecostal gift as a prophetic endowment.  I will demonstrate this affirmation by performing a redactional analysis of  Ac 2.17-21, which is, in fact, a citation from Jl 3.1-5 quoted in Peter’s pentecostal speech whose purpose is to interpret the pneumatic phenomenon of Ac 2.1-13. I start by examining the specific position of Ac 2.17-21 in order to assess the strategic value of its location (chapter 1). I will then carefully look at how Luke interprets this prophecy, only to conclude that he understands the work of the Spirit mainly as a source of empowerment for a prophetic task (chapter 2). I will verify this conclusion throughout the Gospel of Luke (chapter 3), and then in the Acts of the Apostles (chapter 4). This exercise will bring to light an important parallel between the circumstances surrounding the inauguration of Jesus’ ministry in the Gospel of Luke and that of the disciples in Acts, which shows that, in both cases, the Spirit is given as a source of power for a prophetic ministry. The disciples’ ministry is therefore to be understood to lie in the continuity of the one of the Master. Consequently, we will see that all of the pneumatic discourse of Luke’s Gospel converges towards the initial outpouring of the Spirit on the disciples in the Pentecost account, and that this same passage subsequently sheds light on the missionary work in Acts.  In short, the interpretative passage of the pentecostal phenomenon, Ac 2.17-21, brings to light a fundamental axis of Luke’s perspectives on the Sprit; It is the prophetic Spirit. The gift of Spirit at Pentecost is then in turn to be understood primarily as a prophetic endowment enabling the disciples to witness.

Keyphrases: Bible, Bible, New Testament, Luke, Acts, Spirit, Pentecost, Prophecy
Successful strategies for the implementation of land reform : a peasants’ account from the Philippines

Between 1988 and 2008, the Philippines have been implementing the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) which aimed at redistributing 9 million hectares of agricultural land to landless peasants. Despite the loopholes of the program and the highly unequal social structure which constrain the implementation, this land reform program shows a positively surprising rate of accomplishment of 82% after 20 years. On the more contentious private agricultural land, Borras has argued that the unexpected successful outcome of various land struggles can be explained by the peasants reliance on the bibingka strategy which consists in applying pressure from below and from above to push for land redistribution. His theory however does not go into details about what makes a case more or less contentious, and on how agency and structure interact to influence the outcome of particular land struggles. In this thesis, we first look at how structural features – namely the type of crop produced and the tenurial status of farmers – influence the strength of landowner resistance to key CARP processes of land reform, thus contributing to make a case more or less contentious. Then we analyze the combined influence of the structural setting of the case and of the strategy used by peasants on the implementation outcome of land reform. To address our two main research questions, we present four case studies from the province of Cebu.

Keyphrases: Agrarian reform, Cebu, Bibingka strategy, Philippines, Land reform, Agency
Développement d’un instrument d’évaluation des besoins de réadaptation des personnes atteintes de maladies respiratoires chroniques

Pulmonary rehabilitation is widely recognized as an effective intervention.  That effectiveness was established through the use of global impact measures.  Patients who benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation programs have various characteristics and generally suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at different degrees.  Depending on their different needs, patients’ responses to components of a pulmonary rehabilitation program vary.  In order to optimize the effects, it is recommended to individualize programs according to patients needs.  To that end, the assessment of patients rehabilitation needs is necessary.  Since no standardized instrument allowing these assessments presently exist, we have set out to develop one using qualitative and quantitative research methods.  A conceptual model for the evaluation of patients rehabilitation needs was elaborated following the results gathered from focus groups, consultation of medical records and a literature search.  Based on this model, items to be selected in an individualized manner among five domains (need recognition, knowledge, motivation, expectations and goals) were pre-tested.  General tendencies regarding the validity of the items contained in the prototype instrument were verified during a pilot study conducted with a sample of 50 respondents undergoing rehabilitation.  The investigative avenues that have emerged in this thesis should be useful for the more in-depth validation studies that should take place in the future in regards to the developed prototype instrument.

Keyphrases: MPOC
L'association entre la psychopathie et les pratiques parentales dans une population non criminelle

The goal of the present thesis was to evaluate the associations between parental psychopathy and parenting methods. A total of sixty-five French parents, male or female, having at least one child between the ages of 6 and 10 year old, participated in the study. Parents were met at home, at their child’s school or in a community center. Parental psychopathy was measured by the Self Report Psychopathy Scale R12-III (Paulhus, Hemphill & Hare, sous presse) that had been translated into French for the purpose of the study. The French version of Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Pauzé & al., 2004) was used to assess positive reinforcement, lack of parental monitoring, parental involvement, consistency in applying discipline and corporal punishment. Social desirability was assessed using the French version of the short form of the Marlowe-Crowe (Crowe-Marlowe, 1960) scale (Bergeron, Valla & Breton, 1992). Regressions between psychopathy and parenting practices were used to explore the associations. Multiple regressions were used to examine if one of the four psychopathy factors could predict educational methods. Psychopathy was negatively associated with positive reinforcement and involvement. Psychopathy was related positively with corporal punishment. Of the four factors of psychopathy, the interpersonal dimension accounted for a significant explanation of positive reinforcement. The antisocial factor account for a significant incremental of the involvement variance after social desirability was controlled. Life style seemed to explain a significant account of corporal punishment. The results suggested that it would be important to take action as early as possible towards the parent and the child to prevent the transmission of less effective parenting methods and psychopathic traits in the future generations. Suggestions of interventions were made and the strengths and limitations of the study were discussed.

Keyphrases: Discipline, Punition corporelle, Psychopathy, Parenting, Monitoring, Involvement, Discipline, Corporal punishment
Le rôle de la garde non-maternelle sur le développement cognitif et la sécrétion cortisolaire des enfants : investigations longitudinales populationnelles et méta-analytiques

Abstract  The present doctoral thesis aims at determining under which conditions child-care experiences may be associated (positively or negatively) with children’s stress levels and cognitive development. It comprises one literature review and three empirical studies.  The first study is a literature review (meta-analysis type) which summarizes the studies on child-care experiences and children’s stress (as indexed by cortisol) in order to identify individual and environmental conditions under which child-care is associated with elevated cortisol concentrations. Findings suggest that child-care may be more stressful, as reflected in higher salivary cortisol concentrations, for children who are less socially competent or who received low quality child-care services. However, some pieces of evidence suggest that cortisol elevations in child-care are transient and fade out as children grow older The second study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth [NLSCY]; (n=3093). The goal is to determine whether the association between non-maternal care and receptive vocabulary skills depend upon children’s home environment. Results show that children from low socioeconomic status who received full-time (< 25 hours/week) child-care services in their first year of life obtain higher scores on a measure of receptive vocabulary at 4 ½ years than those who were cared for by their mothers (d=0.58).  The goal of the third study is to document further the longer-term benefits of early child-care attendance on disadvantaged children’s school readiness and school achievement. This study uses data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development [QLSCD]; (n=2120). Findings reveal that child-care services produce benefits over maternal care for children from low educated mothers on a measure of receptive vocabulary (d=0.30) and cognitive school readiness (d=0.56) in kindergarten, and number knowledge in first grade (d=0.43). Overall, child-care services produce no advantage or disadvantage for children who do not experience risks in their home.  The objective of the fourth study is to identify key family factors associated with low child-care services utilization, using the QLSCD sample. Results show that maternal unemployment during pregnancy, low levels of maternal education; insufficient household income, having more than two siblings, high levels of maternal overprotection, and low levels of cognitive stimulation are associated with lower child-care services use (30.7% of the Quebec sample).  In sum, children who are the most likely to benefit from child-care services in terms of their development are also those who are less likely to receive it.

Keyphrases: Stress, Cortisol, Child-Care, Early childhood, School readiness, Academic achievment, Receptive vocabulary, Social disparities
L'expérience du paysage dans les Histoires naturelles du Nouveau Monde de Pierre Morency

Pierre Morency’s trilogy Histoires naturelles du Nouveau Monde, a great attempt at describing America’s nature, finds its roots in an experience of the landscape, where a subjective conscience discovers itself while discovering at the same time the concrete world of nature. In this thesis, I will start by presenting how the poetry of Morency has evolved from a radically subjective lyricism, founded on the exploration of a fantasized inwardness, to a lyricism turned more towards the exterior reality and that privileges prose poetry, announcing the landscape experience that founds the trilogy Histoires naturelles du Nouveau Monde. Afterwards, I will analyse the different modes of application of this landscape experience, notably the particular relationship that the subject maintains with his environment, the setting of an art of seeing and living, and the writing of accounts that express this subjective adventure.

Keyphrases: Pierre Morency, Perception, Nature, Landscape, Poetry, Lyricism, Narrative, Environment
Des pacifistes israéliens : contextualisation sociohistorique de l’émergence des camps de la paix achkenazim et haredim (1881-2009)

It is easy to speak of peace, but much more difficult to evaluate to what extent one’s actions really contribute to it. This master’s thesis seeks to critically contextualize the emergence of the Israeli nation from 1881 to 1948 and highlight certain Jewish pacifist forces, religious and secular, zionist and anti-zionist, which this society has generated or compelled into being from the end of the XIXth century until today. First, four strategies used to build the Jewish state are explored: the practical path (setting up moshavot, kibbutzim and moshavim), the diplomatic path (Herzl and Weizmann’s lobbying), the sociopolitical path (establishing unions, the Jewish Agency and the Va’ad Leumi) and finally the military path (setting up paramilitary organizations such as Hagana, Irgun, Lehi and Palmach). This exploration allows the researcher to better frame the issue of the legality and legitimacy of the Palestinian and Israeli nations. Secondly, the notion of peace camp is investigated using a combined conceptual and empirical approach. The conceptual inquiry questions the criteria used by some scholars to determine whether an organization contributes or not to peacebuilding. The empirical inquiry examines two peace camps: the Ashkenazi secular left (a pacifism that emerged in the 1970s) and the religious Haredim (a pacifism opposed to the zionist ideology from the start). This overview highlights the fact that any belief system can incite war as well as peace. The conclusion discusses the challenges of intercivilizational dialogue, challenges that are both intranational (social harmony between Ashkenazim, Mizrachim, Russian, Ethiopian, etc. Israeli Jews) and international (peace between Palestinians and Israelis).

Keyphrases: Israeli-palestinian conflict, Israeli history, Zionism, Anti-zionism, Peace Camps, Pacifism, Nationalism, Resistance
Étude de l'activité anti-cancéreuse du PCK3145, un peptide dérivé de PSP-94, sur les cancers hématologiques

PCK3145 has been shown to exert anti-tumor activity against prostate cancer cells. In a Phase I clinical study, this peptide demonstrated low toxicity. To determine whether PCK3145 could exert cytotoxic activity against other marrow infiltrating cancers, we tested its activity against hematologic cancers. Interestingly, PCK3145 inhibited the proliferation of human NHL (SR) and myeloma (RPMI-8226) cell lines and murine mastocytoma (P815) cell line in vitro. Moreover, PCK3145 reduced the clonogenicity of these cell lines. To explore its activity in vivo, DBA/2 mice were injected with P815 cells. PCK3145 treatment significantly decreased P815 tumors growth in comparison to PBS (p<0.001), scrambled peptide (p<0.05) and PCK5266 (amino acids 52-66 of PSP-94) (p<0.01). Intraperitoneal PCK3145 treatment led to a decreased number of liver metastasis compared to PBS (p<0.05) and scrambled peptide (p<0.05). MMP-9 levels, measured by ELISA, in the peripheral blood of treated P815 bearing mice were similar to those obtained with healthy animals (12.83 1.890 (mean SD) ng/ml and 6.48 0.4070 ng/ml, respectively), while MMP-9 levels were elevated in mice treated with PBS and scrambled peptide (35.12 8.559 ng/ml and 22.60 3.944 ng/ml, respectively; p<0.05). In NOD/SCID mice PCK3145 treatment resulted in significant inhibition of human NHL SR growth compared to treatment with PBS (p<0.001) and scrambled peptide (p<0.01). Consequently, treatment with PCK3145 can reduce tumor cell proliferation of murine and human hematologic cancers. In addition, PCK3145 has the potential to inhibit tumor cells dissemination by lowering MMP-9 secretion. Thus, PCK3145 represents a unique peptide demonstrating sequence-specific anti-tumor activity hematologic malignancies.

Keyphrases: Lymphome non-Hodgkinien, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Multiple myeloma, Mastocytoma, Leukemia, Matrix metalloproteinase-9 MMP-9, Metastasis, Angiogenesis, Xenograft model
Repeupler le centre-ville : le réaménagement des faubourgs du Vieux-Montréal entre intentions et interventions

This thesis looks at the design and the implementation of strategies aimed to stimulate the development of residential neighbourhoods in downtown Montreal since the end of the 1980s. Following from a double case study about the redevelopment of two derelict industrial districts next to Old Montreal, the faubourg Quebec and the faubourg des Récollets, we show how local authorities can, by means of a bundle of incentives, encourage the investment of property developers in order to make their business plans converge with the goals of the local planning authorities. In a rather improvised manner, the Montreal government set up a combination of « opportunities » and « constraints » to entice partnerships with the private sector in order to foster the development of the two districts. Our results show that although the system set up by authorities left indifferent a majority of developers, it nevertheless allowed a small number of them to establish themselves in a now very profitable share of the Montreal real estate market.

Keyphrases: Urban planning, Downtown redevelopment, Developers, Housing
Rôle de l’apport prénatal en acides gras oméga-3 sur le développement à long terme des fonctions visuelles chez les enfants Inuits

Fish and sea mammals consumption is an important source of omega-3 fatty acids, known for their beneficial effects on human brain development. Several lines of evidence indicate that omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial especially for the development of the visual system. However, the long-term effect of prenatal exposure to omega-3 fatty acids on human visual development is unknown. This question was addressed using visual evoked potentials (PEVs) to study a cohort of school-age Inuit children (n = 136; mean age = 11.3 years old) from Arctic Quebec (Nunavik) who received high levels of omega-3 intake during gestation. PEV protocols using color and motion-onset stimuli were used to assess the parvocellular and magnocellular responses, respectively. Concentrations of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA were measured at birth in the umbilical cord and at the time of testing, reflecting pre- and post-natal exposure, respectively. Relations between omega-3 and VEPs were assessed by multivariate regression analyses, taking into account environmental contaminants and other potential confounding variables. No significant associations were found with motion-onset VEPs. However, after adjustment for covariables, cord blood concentrations of DHA were associated with a shorter latency of the N1 and P1 components of the color VEPs. Our study suggests beneficial effects of DHA on the visual parvocellular system at school age. This is the first study supporting the longlasting beneficial effects of prenatal exposure to DHA.

Keyphrases: AEP, Nunavik, Fatty Acids, DHA, EPA, Visual Evoked Potentials, Development, Neurotoxicity, Nunavik, Fish, Parvocellular, Brain
Apprentissage de représentations sur-complètes par entraînement d’auto-encodeurs

Progress in the machine learning domain allows computational system to address more and more complex tasks associated with vision, audio signal or natural language processing. Among the existing models, we find the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), whose popularity increased suddenly with the recent breakthrough of Hinton et al. [22], that consists in using Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) for performing an unsupervised, layer by layer, pre-training initialization, of a Deep Belief Network (DBN), which enables the subsequent successful supervised training of such architecture. Since this discovery, researchers studied the efficiency of other similar pre-training strategies such as the stacking of traditional auto-encoder (SAE) [5, 38] and the stacking of denoising auto-encoder (SDAE) [44]. This is the context in which the present study started. After a brief introduction of the basic machine learning principles and of the pre-training methods used until now with RBM, AE and DAE modules, we performed a series of experiments to deepen our understanding of pre-training with SDAE, explored its different proprieties and explored variations on the DAE algorithm as alternative strategies to initialize deep networks. We evaluated the sensitivity to the noise level, and influence of number of layers and number of hidden units on the generalization error obtained with SDAE. We experimented with other noise types and saw improved performance on the supervised task with the use of pepper and salt noise (PS) or gaussian noise (GS), noise types that are more justified then the one used until now which is masking noise (MN). Moreover, modifying the algorithm by imposing an emphasis on the corrupted components reconstruction during the unsupervised training of each different DAE showed encouraging performance improvements. Our work also allowed to reveal that DAE was capable of learning, on naturals images, filters similar to those found in V1 cells of the visual cortex, that are in essence edges detectors. In addition, we were able to verify that the learned representations of SDAE, are very good characteristics to be fed to a linear or gaussian support vector machine (SVM), considerably enhancing its generalization performance. Also, we observed that, alike DBN, and unlike SAE, the SDAE had the potential to be used as a good generative model. As well, we opened the door to novel pre-training strategies and discovered the potential of one of them : the stacking of renoising auto-encoders (SRAE).

Keyphrases: Neural network, Deep architecture, Unsupervised learning, Denoising autoencoder, Restricted Boltzmann machine
Les différences sexuelles dans l’activation cérébrale durant l’accomplissement de la tâche de rotation mentale chez les patients  atteints de schizophrénie

Sex differences in visuo-spatial abilities have been well documented in the general population, but there are only a few reports in schizophrenia.  The purpose of the present study was to examine potential sex differences in performance and pattern of brain activations during mental rotation in schizophrenia patients relative to control participants. First study: ¬Reports mainly the results of mental rotation behavioural data, collected from 17 men and 13 women with schizophrenia and the same number of healthy subjects matched for age and sex. The findings revealed the expected sex difference in the control participants (men faster and more accurate than women) and the unexpected reversal of normal sexual dimorphism in patients (women more accurate and faster than men). Second Study: Reports mainly fMRI results investigating the neural correlates of mental rotation in men and women with schizophrenia relative to healthy controls. Thirty three schizophrenia patients (17 women and 16 men) were compared to thirty five healthy control participants (17 women and 18 men), while performing a classic mental rotation of 3-D figures.  BOLD echo planar images were acquired on a 3Tesla Siemens TRIO system. Analyses were performed using SPM5 (UK Welcome Institute). Behavior data revealed a diagnosis-by-sex interaction with healthy men (HM) performing significantly better than schizophrenia men (SZ-M), and no significant difference between healthy women (HW) and schizophrenia women (SZ-W). fMRI results revealed that overall similar pattern of extensive cerebral activations (in the parietal and the prefrontal cortices) in HM and SZ-W, and deactivation during performance of the mental rotation task versus control task. In contrast, both HW and SZ-M showed much more restricted activations and deactivations in these regions.  The whole of these results suggests that sex differences in the cerebral activations during mental rotation in schizophrenia patients deviates from what we and others have observed in the general population and thus supports and extends existing evidence of a disturbed cerebral sexual dimorphism in schizophrenia. Moreover, the results emphasize the importance of including sex as a variable in neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia.

Keyphrases: Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Cognition, Schizophrenia, Sex differences, Mental rotation