NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La qualité de la relation mère-enfant : facteur de protection contre le tempérament difficile et les comportements perturbateurs?

Mother-child relationship has an influence on children’s development. This study aims  to verify if maternal sensitivity moderates the expression of a difficult temperament at 9  months, and if a secure or insecure attachment relationship with the mother moderates the development of disruptive behaviors in 24 month-old children. Data come from the study «La mère veille». The sample includes 96 teenage mothers (14-19 years old) recruited from two different resources: A specialized school for teenage mothers and a group home. Multiple regression analyses did not confirm the moderating role of maternal sensitivity in the expression of child difficult temperament at 9 months. Analyses nevertheless demonstrated a predictive relation between secure/insecure attachment and disruptive behaviors at 24 months: Children who had developed a secure attachment relationship with their mother were less likely to exhibit disruptive behaviors at 2 years. The current results did not support the hypothesis of a moderating role of attachment security.

Keyphrases: difficult temperament, disruptive behavior, maternal sensitivity, secure attachement, insecure attachement, mother-child relation, adolescent mothers
Optimisation et évaluation d’un nouveau test PAMPA amélioré pour la prédiction de l’absorption intestinale de médicaments

This essay reports the optimization and evaluation of a new version of the Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA), called Neo-PAMPA. This test, used for the prediction of the drugs’ intestinal absorption, involves the use of a model intestine cell membrane in which a lipid bilayer is supported on a polymeric cushion deposited on a filter.  In this project, we are interested in the development of an artificial membrane that is more representative of the human intestinal wall. We determined, based on a comparative study of the properties of 8 drug candidates and their permeability coefficients obtained, that polycarbonate filters were the best choice of solid support for the membrane. We also verified the deposition time of the polydopamine cushion that brings the fluid nature to our membrane. The results from the permeability tests showed that the polymer cushion do not clog the pores of the filter after a 4h deposition. Then, we studied the deposition of the lipid bilayer on the polydopamine-coated filter. To do this, two methods of liposome preparation as well as several liposome sizes were tested. Moreover, several phospholipid compositions were tested. According to our evaluation, liposomes prepared according to the "lipid film" method from a mixture of DOPC and cholesterol are better suited. Nevertheless, a final optimization step for the bilayer deposition is still required. Finally, the gold standard Caco-2 assay used to assess the drug permeability across a monolayer of human Colon Colorectal adenocarcinoma cells was successfully implemented for permeability data comparison.

Keyphrases: PAMPA, Polydopamine, Caco-2, Drugs, Caco-2, Phospholipids, Polydamine, PAMPA, Intestinal permeability
L'absorption des recours pour atteinte illicite prévus à la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne par le régime de responsabilité civile de droit commun

In a sequence of judgments rendered since 1996, the Supreme Court of Canada assimilates liability action for "unlawful interference" under Article 49 of the Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms to civil liability action under the general law. The Supreme Court said on this occasion that for there to be unlawful infringement, violation of the right has to be qualified as faulty. This qualification may be demonstrated if a person’s conduct violates "a standard of conduct considered reasonable in the circumstances under the general law" or if the person violates "in the case of certain protected rights, a standard set out in the Charter itself". In the first case, the notion of fault, as understood by the Supreme Court of Canada, absorbs the notion of "unlawful interference", while in the second case it dissolves in "unlawful interference" (which makes an objective fault in abstracto). However, in the second case, the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in St. Lawrence Cement, rendered in 2008, said that the fault is an obligation of means, which is assessed according to the criteria of prudent and diligent person. Thus, it is not obligation of result. It would be now difficult to reconcile this characterization of the fault with the policy adopted by the Supreme Court's in the matter of the Charter. Since the text of the Charter itself contains the substantive and formal conditions under which it is possible to determine the existence of an "unlawful interference", it would be desirable that the method of convergence of actions between the Code and the Charter should be abandoned in favor of the recognition of the material autonomy of the Charter to ensure consistency of law, which would also mean not to distort the concept of fault. Moreover, while the Supreme Court established unlawful interference has no prejudice in itself, the author attempts to demonstrate that the violation of a right is still an inherent prejudice that the law must recognize.

Keyphrases: Charte, Charter, Interference, Unlawful, Fault, Action, Liability, Damage, Prejudice, Civil
Valle-Inclán y 'Tirano Banderas' a escena : una transducción intermedial

The goal of this thesis is a stage adaptation of the novel 'Tirano Banderas' (1926) by Spanish writer Ramón María del Valle-Inclán. Dramaturgical research into the process of transduction, that is, the interpretation and transformation of the original text by Valle-Inclán, has led to the creation of a director's notebook, a document that unites the objectives of the "Tirano Banderas" performance, focusing on the primary elements of the representation. Sketches of the set, makeup, a CD with music, the musical score, and an audiovisual document of varios pilot scenes have been added to the Appendix.

Keyphrases: Valle-Inclán, 'Tirano Banderas', Transduction, Dramaturgy, Intermediality, Semiology, Mexico
Les ondes en sommeil lent au cours du vieillissement normal : marqueurs du processus homéostatique et de la cognition

Slow waves (SW) and spindles are hallmarks of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Both types of oscillations are particularly vulnerable to the effects of aging as early as middle-age. However, the functional significance of these changes is still unknown. SW are sensitive markers of homeostatic sleep pressure which increases with the duration of wakefulness and decreases with sleep duration. The hypothesis that changes in SW may reflect impaired homeostatic regulation is still a matter of debate in the literature. Furthermore, spindles and SW are both associated with brain plasticity and cognition. Few studies have evaluated the correspondence between NREM sleep oscillations and cognitive functioning in normal aging and the results are inconsistent. The objective of this thesis is to determine how age affects the homeostatic response of SW and to evaluate the association between characteristics of NREM sleep oscillations and cognitive performance in middle-aged and elderly participants. The first study evaluated the impact of 25-hours of wakefulness on SW during daytime recovery sleep in young adults and middle-aged participants. Compared to young adults, middle-aged participants showed lower SW density rebound after sleep deprivation. They also showed reduced enhancement of neuronal synchronization in frontal and prefrontal areas, measured by the SW slope and amplitude. The second study evaluated whether spindles, SW and sleep architecture during baseline sleep predict performance in neuropsychological tests measuring attentional capacities, executive functions and verbal learning among healthy middle-aged and older participants. Only verbal fluency was associated with SW density and SW slope. Thus, SW characteristics do not appear to be a stable marker of cognitive functioning. Compared to SW, spindle characteristics were associated more systematically with cognitive performances and especially with learning abilities and attentional functions.   Taken as a whole, this thesis suggests that the lower enhancement of neuronal synchronization in anterior brain regions after sleep deprivation is explained by a reduced synaptic plasticity in middle-aged participants compared to young participants. However, the ability to generate synchronized neuronal activity, as measured by the SW, does not predict the ability to maintain sleep during the day nor cognitive performances consistently. Spindles, in turn, represent a more robust marker of cognitive functioning during normal aging. Spindles may reflect better anatomical/physiological integrity of the neural networks involved in attentional and learning abilities.

Keyphrases: Mémoire, Cognition, Sleep, Normal aging, Sleep spindles, Slow waves, Sleep homeostasis, Memory, Cognition
Las visiones y los mundos: depredación, transformación y equilibrio en discursos de la Amazonía occidental

This dissertation delves into the knowledge-practices of Amazonian peoples, drawing on discourses produced by members of these nations. It explores sacred songs, stories and academic texts of ancient Indian thinkers. The dissertation signals that Amazonian practices belong to a context of meanings which consider that all living beings have thoughts and spirit; that spiritual beings defend these living beings against possible abuses. Human beings must transcend their state of consciousness, navigate the invisible worlds and establish communication with these spirits to uphold existential balance. According to Amazonian thought, human communities are not self-sufficient and must maintain a constant relationship with the multiplicity of beings that populate the visible environment and invisible worlds. Three key concepts account for the practices of Amazonian peoples: depredation, transformation and balance. Depredation refers to Amazonian practices involving the destruction of other beings in order to sustain the life of the community. According to Amazonian thought, depredation should be measured and only that which is necessary for survival should be killed. Depredation is governed by spiritual beings. Amazonian transformation practices are designed to safeguard community ties, transfiguring all that enters or leaves it, so that no external agent may jeopardize these ties of affection. The practices of depredation and transformation are complementary and both must be carried out in a balanced manner, respecting ancestral knowledge and cosmic laws established by higher spirits. With regard to the method of analysis, the dissertation considers Amazonian discourses from their own cultural logic and does not impose pre-established methodologies on them. Consequently, the present scholarly work makes a profound attempt at achieving an intercultural intellectual production; as it is indigenous voices themselves that express their ideas and the meaning of their practices. Overall, the dissertation enters into a critical dialogue with its field of study, both challenging and broadening certain concepts forged by the anthropological literature dedicated to the region’s study, drawing on the ancient Amazonian knowledge that nurtures the practices of those nations.

Keyphrases: ayawaska, Amazonian thought, visionary epistemologies, ayawaska, ecological balance
Amélioration des résultats cliniques en chirurgie cardiaque

Many aspects of heart surgery have been carefully studied in the present thesis. The first manuscript touches the important problematic of post-operative stroke. We have analysed in a retrospective fashion the prescription drugs taken pre-operatively in 6,813 patients requiring coronary artery bypass surgery. The aim was to analyse the effect of taking any of the following medications pre-operatively on the risk of post-operative stroke: aspirin, agiotension converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, statins, beta-blockers. The combination of taking a beta-blocker and a statin yielded an odd ratio of 0.37 in multivariable analysis, suggesting a strong protective effect.  In the second manuscript, I present a study addressing the problematic of moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation. We randomized 31 patients to be treated either by coronary bypass grafts alone or by a combination of coronary bypass grafting and restrictive mitral annuloplasty.  Mitral valve regurgitation disappeared immediately following surgery in the annuloplasty group while no impact of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) alone was noted on mitral insufficiency at the same time point. After one year of follow-up, mild mitral insufficiency was noted to recur in the annuloplasty group while the patients from the CABG alone group remodelled their left ventricle and secondarily decreased their mitral insufficiency grade to the same level as the annuloplasty group. None of the different measurements of clinical evolution differed between the groups at one year. The third study is a 20-year follow-up of patients who had an isolated valvular replacement on the aortic or mitral position with the Carbomedics mechanical prosthesis. This study shows an excellent survival rate with low complications of hemorrhage, thrombosis, thrombo-embolism, reoperation and endocarditis. Noteworthy, a complete absence of structural failure at 20 years.

Keyphrases: Ischemic mitral regurgitation, Valvular mechanical prosthesis, Coronary artery bypass grafting, Stroke, Valvular complications, Survival
Éco-épidémiologie de la maladie de Lyme dans le Sud-Ouest du Québec : étude des facteurs environnementaux associés à son établissement

Since the 90s in Canada, studies have identified new endemic areas for the agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi and the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis. These newly endemic areas for complex I. scapularis - B. burgdorferi are prime areas to study the transmission cycle in its environmental context. The main objective of this project is to study the spirochete-tick-host relationships and environmental factors involved in the transmission cycle from the data of the vector and the pathogen collected in southwestern Quebec, 2007 to 2008. First, a description of the seasonality of ticks and associations between the vector and captured rodent hosts was performed. The identification of specific seasonality at each stage of the tick I. scapularis establishes months conducive to make the future collections of ticks. Synchronous seasonality of questing immature ticks may also be an indicator of the nature or strain of B. burgdorferi found. In addition, the association of immature ticks in different species or different classes of hosts (i.e. age, sex, reproductive status) was explored. The Peromyscus mice and adult males in particular contributed significantly to the survival and development of complex I. scapularis-B. burgdorferi. Chipmunks and squirrels also contributed to the survival and development of I. scapularis populations. Second, the associations between vector and examined deer was described taking into account the environmental factors associated with the level of infestation and the use of deer as sentinels for the vector and the pathogen was evaluated. According to our results, the deer are effective sentinels to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum, but seem ineffective or imprecise to detect endemic areas for complex I. scapularis-B. burgdorferi. Finally, an analysis of the impact of the host diversity and habitat on the abundance of I. scapularis and prevalence of B. burgdorferi considering other environmental factors was performed. These analyzes were used to determine the critical factors in the establishment of complex I. scapularis-B. burgorferi and explore the relative contribution of various host species. According to our studies, the diversity of the host community and habitat influences the complex I. scapularis-B. burgdorferi. On the other hand, the climate (temperature and precipitation) plays a significant role in the establishment, survival and development of the I. scapularis populations. This study allowed us to explore and identify various biotic and abiotic environmental factors influencing the establishment of complex I. scapularis-B. burgdorferi in southwestern Quebec. These environmental factors could be used as environmental indicators of the risk of Lyme disease in Quebec and possibly elsewhere in Canada.

Keyphrases: borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, Lyme disease, eco-epidemiology, environmental factors, rodents, deer, Quebec, ixodes scapularis
Contexte mondial de développement de la recherche en pharmacogénomique et justice en santé mondiale

Stricking inequalities characterize the current global context in drug development and distribution, raising serious concerns of justice in global health. These global health issues result from political, social, economic, scientific and ethical factors, amongst which the development of new technologies can contribute to increased inequalities across and within populations. Pharmacogenomics knowledge and technologies, which couple genomics information with pharmaceutical drug response, have been promised to revolutionize both drug development and prescription worldwide. In this way, pharmacogenomic technologies promise to increase justice in global health, by incentivizing public research laboratories and pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs for populations (e.g., in low and middle-income countries) that have been neglected by the traditional drug development model. In this thesis, we conducted an evaluation of the potential that pharmacogenomic technologies hold towards increased health for populations of low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Our results demonstrate that, although these technologies hold promising potential for the health of LMIC populations, pharmacogenomics research has focused mostly on diseases prevalent in High-income countries. Pharmacogenomics research over the last decade has thus replicated the well-known 90/10 ratio in drug development and, as such, fails to contribute to reducing global health inequalities. We suggest that, in order to fulfill the promise of increased health for populations of LMIC, the roles and responsibilities of the various actors involved in global health (e.g. local governements, international organizations, and pharmaceutical companies) must be redesigned. We argue that rethinking these roles and responsibilities requires a decision Framework based on considerations of justice, equity and solidarity.

Keyphrases: Justice globale, Global health, Global justice, Pharmacogenomics, Health inequalities, Social responsibility
The Experience of Treatment of Persons Presenting with Concomitant Psychotic and Borderline Personality Disorders

The present study investigated the treatment experience of 9 individuals with concomitant psychotic and borderline personality disorders. Given the paucity of research on the experience of this population, the goal was to explore pathways to care, transitions between services and general perception of treatments using a qualitative methodology. A semi-structured interview schedule was administered to each participant, who was referred by participating psychiatrists in either the psychosis programme or the BPD clinic. Transcripts were coded using a mixed open and closed coding procedure and QDA Miner 3.2.3 analysis software. Results found that participants did not dichotomize their experience into all-good or all-bad categories, but gave nuanced accounts of their treatment. Each participant described several pathways to care that explained their entry into specific treatments, with only coercion negatively impacting treatment experience. Many transitions were described, though only those who were coerced experienced these negatively. The key factor that participants highlighted in their treatment experience was the clinician/participant relationship. A positive relationship permitted participants to trust and receive help from their clinician. Limits include the possible bias of the recruitment procedure and the limited scope of the study. This understanding of the perspective of these individuals can lead to promoting better treatment experiences in the future.

Keyphrases: Borderline personality disorder, Psychosis, Comorbidity, Treatment experience
Recension systématique et critique des études portant sur l'utilisation de la variable motivationnelle dans les inerventions auprès d'adolescent(e)s atteint(e)s d'anorexie mentale

Adolescents with anorexia are often described as young people with low motivation to change their behavior and to engage in the proposed interventions. To remedy this situation, motivational interviewing (MI) has been identified as a method that could improve the motivation to change and commitment to treatment. Furthermore, it has been observed that confusion exist in the literature between the MI and the stages of change of the transtheoretical model of change. It has been decided to consider these two concepts as a motivational variable. The aim of this literature review is to explore the use of the motivational variable in the care of adolescents with anorexia. The studies included in the review have been identified in databases Ovid Medline and PsycINFO. All articles have been analyzed according to several categories. It has been concluded that the high motivation to change was related to low psychological distress and to the improvement of motivation and commitment to treatment for individuals with eating disorders including adolescents with anorexia. Recommendations are made for future research.

Keyphrases: Adolescent, Motivation for change, Motivational interviewing, Stages of change, Anorexia, Eating disorder