NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Programme d’exercice en douceur basé sur le yoga Bali chez les personnes atteintes d’insuffisance cardiaque : les premiers pas

Heart failure is an increasingly important issue  associated with  disturbances of the  immune, cardiovascular,  and  autonomic  nervous  systems.  These  disturbances  contribute  to  several  incapacitating  physical  and  psychological  symptoms.  Research  to  date  on  yoga-based  exercise  programs has shown some promise in addressing these symptoms in heart failure. Nevertheless, there  remain  limitations  in the literature  concerning the  populations tested, lack of attention  to  psychological dimensions of heart failure, follow-up  of treatment  adherence  at home and daily symptom experience. This pilot project aims to develop a complementary yoga-based  program for patients with heart  failure,  to  evaluate  feasibility  and  acceptability  of  the  program  within  a  mainly  francophone  community, and  to obtain preliminary data on the impact  of this intervention  on  quality of life  and  physical  and  psychological  symptoms.  The  first  two  participants  enrolled  in  the  pilot  study  are considered for  this  memoire. They attended eight weekly  sessions in which were dispensed instructions  on  Bali  yoga  postures,  in addition to  psychoeducation, relaxation exercises,  and meditation. Sessions  were completed  at  the Montreal Heart Institute by a certified instructor. The development  of  tools  necessary for  the  program, including a  teaching  manual  and patient DVD, the feasibility and assessment  of  the  effects  of  the  program  on  the  physical  and  psychological  symptoms  are  amongst  the  topics  discussed. The results, though preliminary, seem to  suggest  improvement of physiological correlates  related to heart failure, including in autonomic nervous system control of the heart and inflammatory processes.

Keyphrases: Yoga, Heart failure, Quality of life, Meditation, Psychology
Origine de la réduction de la durée de vie des photoporteurs dans le InGaAsP implanté à basse température

A semiconductor material used in the manufacture of terahertz (THz) antennas, the InGaAsP quaternary (E_g = 0,79 eV), is Fe-ion implanted followed by Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) in order to improve its emission properties. The annealing is required to recrystallize the layer that was amorphized during implantation, resulting in a polycrystal filled with recrystallization defects. However, the Fe-implanted materials provide better performance than those simply damaged with Ga. In order to disentangle the effect of recrystallization defects and of Fe impurities, Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements, current DLTS (I-DLTS) measurements and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were carried out on non-implanted and on recrystallized samples. The DLTS et I-DLTS measurements aim to characterize deep levels generated by these two post-growth fabrication processes, while identifying the role of Fe impurities on the formation of these deep levels. In addition, a study of the vicinity of Fe atoms in the recrystallized material was performed using ToF-SIMS measurements. The DLTS measurements on recrystallized material were inconclusive because the capacitance measurements were distorted by the high resistivity of the material. On the other hand, the I-DLTS measurements on recrystallized material allowed us to conclude that the Fe impurities are responsible for the formation of a wide variety of energy levels lying between 0.25 and 0.40 eV, while structural defects induce levels lower than 0.25 eV. The Fe concentration is high compared to the solubility threshold of Fe in the material. It is therefore possible that Fe clusters are formed. However, this hypothesis is invalidated by the absence of a peak at the mass channels corresponding to the molecule ^(56)Fe_2^+ on ToF-SIMS mass spectra. Moreover, a simple model is used to estimate whether certain masses present on ToF-SIMS spectra correspond to actual bonds in the recrystallized material, not induced by the measurement. While no bonds with Ga and As were detectable, this model does not exclude the possibility of preferential binding between with In.

Keyphrases: DLTS, ToF-SIMS, ion implantation, THz antennas
L'éthique et sa place dans la nature

One of the burning questions among metaethical realists is whether moral facts and properties are natural or non-natural. In this thesis, I argue that we should treat a family of arguments for non-naturalism with considerable scepticism: the Open Question Argument, the Normative Intuition, and the argument from the Is-Ought Gap. Moore’s famous Open Question Argument only supports moral non-naturalism if it begs the question against the modest (non-reductionist) naturalist. As for the Normative Intuition, it either commits the fallacy of inferring on the basis of a thing’s specific difference that it does not belong to the genus it putatively belongs to, or it underestimates the breadth of natural properties that possess the features which non-naturalists allege are distinctive of moral and normative properties. The argument from the Is-Ought Gap, for its part, underestimates the ubiquity of the logical and conceptual gap that allegedly marks a deep metaphysical discontinuity between the normative and natural domains.

Keyphrases: G.E. Moore, David Enoch, Just-too-different intuition, Derek Parfit, J.L. Mackie, Motivation morale, Thomas Scanlon, Is-ought gap, Moral naturalism, Moral non-naturalism, Moral properties, Metaphysics of reasons, Open question argument, Normative intuition, Moral motivation
Étude de l’impact de la prise de médicaments dans le traitement de l’arthrite juvénile sur les événements néfastes à l’accouchement chez la mère et son bébé

Most women diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) continue to suffer from arthritis in adulthood. Some of the drugs used to treat arthritis such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not recommended during pregnancy. The objective of this thesis is to estimate the impact of these drugs on adverse birth outcomes in women previously diagnosed with JIA and their baby. Administrative data on drug prescriptions and hospitalizations in a cohort of 1756 women with a history of JIA were used to determine individual histories of drug use for the treatment of arthritis during pregnancy and during the year leading to the pregnancy. Two sub-cohorts of women who suffered from JIA were created : one corresponding to the pregnancy and the other to the pregnancy and the year leading to the pregnancy. The events of interest were : congenital anomalies, neonatal adverse outcomes, maternal adverse outcomes and small for gestational age babies. Proportions of the events ranged between 11,52% and 37,08%. Drugs were modelled in terms of use or duration of use during each of the study periods. Logistic regression models were fitted to measure the association between drugs and each of the events, adjusting for the following potential confounding variables : hypertension before pregnancy, maternal age and graduating from high school. The consumption of corticosteroids was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of congenital anomalies but had no impact on the other adverse events. No statistically significant associations were observed between consumption of NSAIDs and the adverse events of interest.

Keyphrases: Pharmacoepidemiology, Administrative data, Pregnancy, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Corticosteroids, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Logistic regression
Étude des relations entre productivité et polysémie dans les processus de formation de mots : le cas de l’espagnol

This thesis deals with the process of word formation. We assume that productivity and polysemy are guiding the speakers in the way they create words. To confirm this assumption, we have studied the list of Spanish words with suffixes included in the “Diccionario de los sufijos de la lengua española (DISULE)” by Silvia Faitelson-Weiser (2010, cf. www.sufijos.lli.ulaval.ca ). We have evaluated the levels of productivity and polysemy of each segment identified as a suffix. We have then correlated the values thus reached for each feature. In this approach, which we have fully tested, the morpheme is recognized as a unit of analysis in line with the grammatical model Item and arrangement (Hockett, 1954). Even though our analysis did not enable us to find strong correlations between the two variables for all suffixes, when we define specific contexts of competition, we see that the relations between productivity and polysemy are following specific patterns. We also notice that the chosen pattern is more effective to describe polysemy than to explain productivity. We are thus led to question how relevant the opposition between word and morpheme, as units of analysis, really is. Our study focuses on these two notions of morphology.

Keyphrases: Word formation, Productivity, Polysemy, Competition, Spanish
La manipulation idéologique dans l’édition et deux traductions de la Description de l’Afrique de Hassan El Wazzan / Jean-Léon l’Africain

In Rome in 1526, Hassan Al-Wazzan / Ioannes Leo Africanus completed the writing of the Libro della Cosmographia Dell’Africa, a major work of the Renaissance which was seen in Europe as one of the main sources of knowledge about the African continent. In 1550, a Venetian scholar named Giovanni Batista Ramusio published an Italian version of Leo’s work in a collection of travel narratives. This edition entitled Descrizione dell’Africa (Description of Africa), however, differs considerably from Leo’s original manuscript. Ramusio made numerous changes so as to produce a text that would meet European expectations and foster an image of the Muslim world that corresponded with the preconceptions of the Christian West. This version has served as the source text for many of the translations that followed. The first French translation was by Jean Temporal in 1556, a publisher and printer based in Lyon.  A second translation was first published in 1956 and then reissued in 1980. This version by Alexis Épaulard is partly based on Leo’s original manuscript, but mainly on Ramusio’s version. This thesis compares the two French translations with Ramusio’s text. The thesis shows that the two French translators heavily intervened in the translated text in order to serve colonialist and expansionist goals. This research highlights the translators’ position as well as the ideologies conveyed by their interventions. The analysis is done at the text and the paratext levels. It also focuses on the historical, political, and ideological context surrounding these translations. Particular attention is paid to lexical choices, allusions and the strategies used by the translators and editors. The works by Maria Tymoczko on translation and political engagement, as well as the texts of Edward Said on orientalism and postcolonial studies, provide the theoretical framework for this research. The analysis shows that the French translations are tinged with a Eurocentric ideology which aims to reinforce hegemonic ambitions in Africa.

Keyphrases: Description of Africa, Leo Africanus, Temporal, Épaulard, translation, ideology
Le sens de l’urgence à l’hôpital

Hospital emergency services, initially created to accommodate acute and serious diseases, are now confronted by multiple requirements. They must not only respond to vital emergency situations, but also fill the gaps in the health and social services provided for benign conditions or social problems. Given the phenomena of chronic congestion, hospital policies are moving towards a restriction on intake for a core of serious diseases. Triage protocols permit the ranking of priorities on the basis of pre- established clinical criteria. But behind this normative model for priority setting stands a much more complex reality, susceptible to adaptations and arrangements that depart from strict official standards and respond to the particularity of the situations encountered. Based on a three-year immersive study in a hospital emergency service, this current paper shows that the management of priorities, far from depending only on regulatory standards, adapts and changes according to the habits and uses of hospital medicine. Faced with multiple requirements, professionals are confronted with genuine moral dilemmas and daily contradictions between solidarity, humanity, patient triage, managing priorities and economic imperatives. On a daily basis, emergency caregivers attempt to prioritize their actions by reconciling legal and organizational constraints related to their function. They face many ethical challenges that question the meaning of emergency, the responsibility towards risk and the challenges of the hospital institution.

Keyphrases: engagement moral, triage, bedblocker, efficience, emergencies, ethics, responsibility, moral engagement, efficiency
Une heuristique de recherche à voisinage variable pour le problème du voyageur de commerce avec fenêtres de temps

We adapt a general variable neighborhood search heuristic to solve the traveling salesman problem with time windows (TSPTW) where the objective is to minimize the completion time. We use efficient methods to check the feasibility and the profitability of a movement. We use a specific order to reduce the search space while exploring the neighborhoods. The resulting method is competitive with the state-of-the-art. We improve the best known solutions for two classes of instances and provide the results of multiple instances of TSPTW for the first time.

Keyphrases: General variable neighborhood search, Traveling salesman problem, Time windows, Completion time minimization, Feasibility, Profitability, Search space reduction
Révolution P.Q. : figures révolutionnaires québécoises

My research-creation master`s thesis is divided in two sections.  The first section is theoretical and is separated into three parts.  In the Introduction, I describe the iconic image that "Che" Guevara’s represents.  In the first part, I make the distinction between a revolution and a riot.   Furthermore, I make a summary of several books on protest groups in Québec literature and how the authors write mostly on rebellion and identity rather that portray a revolutionary portrait of Québec.  Meanwhile, I demonstrate how revolutionaries have been presented by Quebec cinematographers, either with irony and cynicism, or, as heroic protesters with a degree of humanity.  In the second part, I explain the reason why I decided to make a documentary film about the figures of revolution in Quebec.  I address my aesthetic choices, as well as the choice of speakers, the strength of voice in cinema, and the power of archives.  My documentary film that lasts about fifty minutes specifically addresses the issue of protest figures and is complementary to my written thesis.  The main purpose of my film is to demonstrate that there are Québec iconic protesting actors with revolutionary ideas that exist at the same level as the famous image and individual that was Ernesto “Che” Guevara.  He has inspired generations of revolutionaries, including many in Quebec in the sixties and seventies.  Can we identify some Quebecers as revolutionary icons?

Keyphrases: Revolution, Iconic protesting actors, revolution in Quebec, revolutionaries in the Quebec cinema
Effet de Streptococcus Suis sur la capacité de présentation antigénique de cellules dendritiques

Streptococcus suis is an important swine and human pathogen causing meningitis and septicemia. Recent studies suggest that S. suis possesses several virulence factors, including the capsular polysaccharide, which enable this pathogen to modulate dendritic cell (DCs) functions. DCs are key immune cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, the difficulties in developing an effective vaccine suggest that S. suis interferes with the T-cell dependent response. The main objective of the project was to evaluate the effect of S. suis on CD4+ T-cell activation, as well as on the antigen presentation ability of DCs. We investigated the CD4+ T-cell memory response in an in vivo mouse model. A poor central memory response was obtained following primary and secondary infections with S. suis, thus suggesting that the adaptive immune response against this pathogen is limited. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II is central to the antigen presentation pathway. We thus investigated in vitro and in vivo the expression of these molecules on DCs. We observed a modulation in the expression of MHC-II by S. suis. Transcriptional analysis of genes involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of MHC-II suggests that S. suis downregulates synthesis of MHC-II molecules and promotes their lysosomal degradation. This strategy, in which the CPS would play only a partial role, might allow S. suis to evade the T-cell dependent adaptive response. Overall, these results provide new insights into the comprehension of the adaptive immune response during the infection by S. suis.

Keyphrases: Streptococcus suis, Lymphocytes T CD4+, Dendritic cells, CD4+ T cells, Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), Antigen presentation, Memory response, Cell maturation, Capsular polysaccharides, Adaptive immune response
Pulse Room 
ou comment réécrire son environnement en rendant une matérialité à la trace numérique

The interactive action with the digital is daily. However, few thoughts on the subject highlight the importance of the trace in this relationship which links us to the machine. Often, an interactive experience generates a trace and it is from this important element that we are thinking, in this master’s thesis, on the relationship with our interactive digital environment. The trace is then understood as a new epistemological approach to interactive digital arts. To think the digital as immaterial generates an almost non-existent of the trace within a digital work, involving a mystification. Throughout this research, our goal is to give back materiality to this trace, so that it can fit into our landscape called material. The work Pulse Room (2006) by Rafael Lozano-Hemmer will enable us to reflect on the ambivalences and convergences that exists in the approach of a computerized society in front of the digital machine, and understand how we evaluate the trace that is left behind each of our digital performances. It's only when the digital trace will incorporate a certain materiality, that we will be able to see ourselves as an object of reflection, to discern how we behave facing this environment and learn to be critical.

Keyphrases: Trace, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Pulse Room, Digital interactive art, Trace, Experience, Environment, Immateriality, Materiality, Technique of self, Spatio-temporally, Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Pulse Room
Pérennité du dilettantisme néo-vaguien. Rémanence et filiations des masculinités oisives dans le cinéma français

As the cinematic installment of a social revolution, the French New Wave was able to embody the changes that disrupted european societies during the early sixties. From sexual emancipation to its interest for a troubled and often rebellious youth, it is safe to say that the New Wave became the cinematic mirror of a liberation that ushered Europeans into a new era. If a new conception of cinema is usually enough to give a prominent place to the movement in film history, its trailblazing directors (Truffaut, Godard among others) also contributed to forge a new figure of male heroism in the French cinematographic landscape. Taking its distances from the blandness of academism or the trademark melancholy of poetic realism’s heroes that preceded it, the New Wave conception of heroism breathed lightness, idleness and carelessness to characters whose actors’ Jean-Pierre Léaud and Jean-Paul Belmondo (for example) arguably constituted the epitome. This masters thesis will mainly aim to examine how this singular breed of heroism seems to have tainted the voices of contemporary French cinema who have offered a vast array of reinterpretations (from pastiche to reappropriation) and remodelings of a similar kind. As a movement whose influence do not seem to have dried up – its legacy is still claimed by many filmmakers – and that goes beyond the sphere of cinema, we will primarily aspire to account for the sustainability of the New Wave through the examination of the body of work of new generations that have perpetuated its legacy. Thus, this thesis will try to establish a model definiton of the contemporary French cinema hero who does not seem so far removed from the one advocated in the sixties by French New Wave pioneers.

Keyphrases: French New Wave, Postmodernity, French cinema
La noblesse montréalaise devant les tribunaux (1750-1793)

From the end of New-France to the adoption of the Constitutional Act of 1791, the relationship between the nobility and the colonial civil court underwent drastic changes. The ‘Canadiens’ needed to conform to the British system. In New-France, aristocrats sued each other before the ‘tribunal royal’, using the Custom of Paris; but as of 1763, it was the British laws which prevailed. After some modifications, the Common Pleas Court became the French nobility’s (and therefore the military elite’s) favourite courthouse. The judicial system is an important part of research on colonial evolution because the population’s behaviour (and in our case that of the elite) before its courts shows its ability to adapt and its degree of involvement in the social life of the time.

Keyphrases: Montreal, nobility, court, Conquest
Modernizing Mount Royal Park : Montréal’s Jungle in the 1950s

During the 1950s, the municipal authorities, under pressure from the Police Department, called for the clearing of a section of Mount Royal Park—the so-called “Jungle” (composed mainly of undergrowth, bushes, and trees)—where a community of undesirable Park patrons had established themselves. This cohort of undesirables was understood as being composed mainly of alcoholics, thugs, perverts and most importantly homosexuals. Their eradication was undertaken through a threefold plan which would simplify the techniques of surveillance used by the Police Department; this would be achieved through (1) increased lighting, (2) clearing the Jungle, (3) construction of a roadway, now known as the Camillien-Houde roadway, thus making the Park more accessible and safe. The cuts, known as the Morality Cuts, had a lasting effect on the environmental and ecological composition of the Park, with the immediate repercussion of “balding” the Park, thereby giving it the nickname of Mount Baldy.  Yet Mount Royal Park’s transformation was not limited to its Jungle. In fact, the transformation was undertaken in a number of the Park’s sections which were deemed undeveloped. The development Mount Royal Park and of its Jungle were therefore acts of development, under the umbrella of Montréal’s modernist postwar planning. Indeed, the re-planning of Mount Royal Park testifies to the unbounded will of the authorities to instill morality and modernity within the city, going to lengths that ultimately altered the ecological composition of the Park. This would in the end lead to an all out campaign named the Save-the-Mountain Movement, which sought to end the modernist encroachment of this space and rehabilitate the Park as a wooded and tranquil environment.

Keyphrases: Jungle, Montréal, Mount Royal Park, Mount Baldy, Modernity, Morality, Homosexuality, Urban History, Environmental History, Camillien-Houde