NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La littérature à l’ère photographique : mutations, novations, enjeux : de l’argentique au numérique

Nowadays, we are all photographers. Our smart phones allow us to take, edit and share our snapshots on social media in less than a minute, to the extent that the photographic image has become a new form of language. Reciprocally, have we all become writers as well? There truly is historical legitimacy in seeing the notion of the writer, like that of the photographer, as spanning a paradigmal spectrum, running from “simple” possession of technical aptitude, to the glory of the loftiest figures in our collective cultural life. This thesis aims to determine how the new mythology around the photographic image takes shape in the digital age, while also re-evaluating the aging medium of film, as well as integrating a newly imagined sphere of ideas surrounding these new technologies, for which we have yet to measure the cultural impact on our societies. In this respect, a literary perspective is rich in cultural and even ontological lessons, since literature has interacted with photography for nearly two centuries, and thus contributed to its invention : this is at least the central hypothesis of photoliterature. In this period of major technological transition, we must therefore identify photography’s new literary inventions, so that we can better understand the contemporary issues surrounding both the worlds of photography and literature.

Keyphrases: Médiologie, Communication, Literature, Photography, History of books, Photoliterature, Digital humanities, History of photography, Reception theory
Espaces intérieurs, temporalité et sociabilités dans la littérature mémorialiste de Buenos Aires (1880-1910)

The main purpose of this project is to study the interaction between interior spaces, time and sociabilities in the ‘memorialistic’ literature of Buenos Aires between 1880 and 1910. Our perspective will privilege the analysis of ‘memorialistic’ texts published in Buenos Aires between 1881 and 1904: Buenos Aires, desde setenta años atrás (José A. Wilde); La Gran Aldea (Lucio V. López); Las beldades de mi tiempo (Santiago Calzadilla); Memorias de un viejo (Víctor Gálvez) and Memorias. Infancia y adolescencia (Lucio V. Mansilla). More specifically, we define the concept of ‘interior dimension’ that results from the intersections of the spatial and temporal dimensions emerging in these authors’ stories. We attempt to demonstrate that this concept covers multiple spaces, following a gradual progression that moves from the authors’ subjective recollections (conceived as the first, most intimate, interior space), to the conquest of greater spaces: the childhood home, the neighborhood,  the  town,  the  Nation.  We  also  explore  memory’s  intricate  relation  to intimate space, on the one hand, and the complex relations between memory and national history, on the other. We analyse the historical transition from the colonial to the modern period -what José Luis Romero calls the ‘criolla’ and ‘alluvial’ eras- from the perspective of shifting sociabilities within both ‘high society’ and the ‘popular sectors’. In order to do this, we first analyze the domestic spaces of the big colonial houses of the ‘high society’ of Buenos Aires, in Memorias. Infancia y adolescencia (Lucio V. Mansilla), before turning to other sites that allow us to see the city’s changing historical sociabilities: ‘tertulias’, shops, ‘pulperías’, cafés and clubs.

Keyphrases: Buenos Aires, ‘memorialistic’ literature, 1880 Generation, sociabilities, interior dimension, temporality, high society, popular sectors
Entre théâtre et poésie : devenir intermédial du poème et dispositif théâtral au tournant des XXe et XXIe siècles

In an effort to do away with an essentialist, rigid, and generic approach to poetry in dramatic works, this research looks at the relationship between poetry and drama using an intermedial methodology. By studying a sample corpus made up of textual and theatrical works, this thesis shows how the active presence of poetry is at work in theatre, thereby redefining each of the two concepts through the ways in which they interact. The first chapter traces the genealogy of intermediality within poetry and drama, and that of the dynamic connections between drama and poetry. Throughout the twentieth century, poetry and theatre have come to be seen as « hypermedia » (Kattenbelt), each of them bringing into play various types of media. Meanwhile a number of playwrights started developing dramatic poems exploring  intermedial processes. This research identifies and analyses four distinct forms in the thought and works of Mallarmé and Maeterlinck, Stein and Artaud, Gauvreau and Novarina, through the transmedial poetry developed by Cocteau at the confines of drama and cinematography. With a focus on works from the turn of the twentieth to twenty-first century, the second chapter offers a theoretical approach to the dramatic poem, that seeks to bring an updated approach to interactions between drama and poetry. The dramatic poem is an intermedial apparatus that, in Ortel and Rykner's view, inextricably combines the technical, the pragmatic and the symbolic. This apparatus is characterised by its dynamic radicalism, its performativity, its focus on the value of writing as a process and the way in which it conceives of impossibility as a dramatic driving force. Analyses of textual and dramatic works by Kane, Malone, Danis, Régy and Lemoine suggest how intermedial apparatuses are triggered and the kind of aesthetic experience the dramatic poem offers to readers and viewers. Contemplating intermedial processes of poetry in theatre allows for the reframing of an interartial model in an inclusive, hospitable fashion, where all art forms are considered equal, engage in dialogue and exchange, and combine their differences towards a common object.

Keyphrases: Drama, Theatre, Poetry, Poem, Intermediality, Apparatus, Interartiality, Contemporary
La presse satirique illustrée française et la colonisation (1829-1990)

This doctoral investigation studied satirical colonial iconography in the French satirical illustrated press between 1829 and 1990. From counting and analysis of twenty-two satirical periodicals, representing di erent editorial lines, this thesis aims to inform an unknown part of this colonial iconography. Two serious illustrated papers complement the general corpus to reintegrate results in the general fields of media images. For a diachronic, the aim should be to identify the major axes of the colonial satirical illustration. To understand the construction, operation and role of colonial imagery from satirical titles, this research also intends to define the genre "satirical press". By analyzing the historical evolution, popular features and the hallmark of this media class, we will highlight the crucial relationship between gender and colonial images.

Keyphrases: Satire, Caricature, Visual studies, Media studies, Colonization, Satire, Caricature, Cartoon drawing
Nature, culture et progrès : histoire comparative du concept de transition entre paléolithiques moyen et supérieur en archéologie préhistorique

This thesis’ main object is to study on an historical level a long-lasting scientific controversy in Prehistoric archaeology, the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition, by attempting to explain the persistence of that debate in terms of construction and transformation of antagonistic models of explanation, and by showing how that controversy had play a role on the acquisition of knowledge, to elucidate how the debate itself had change since its origin. On a chronological scale, the evolution of some epistemological elements inside the confrontation of opposed hypothesis could be contrasted with conservative notions. To make that process clear, it is necessary to characterize what constitute that specific controversy for prehistorians with the tool given by the history of sciences, and what kind of analytical methodology can be call upon for doing so. Then, it will be possible to link those elements with the scientific problem itself to establish a structural model of this debate’s theoretical positions of the protagonists. This methodology could then be use to separate the history of that debate in three sections, each with its specific research axis, each phase in three structural level (data and methods, paradigms, meta-paradigm) to create a general model of the evolution of that controversy. The ambition of that thesis is to use history of science’s contribution as a way to clarify on a theoretical level the goals of that debate, and its implication on the study of cultural change for prehistorical archaeologists community, and to initiate for science’s historians a historical and structural model of scientific controversies, and their weight on conceptual change base on a specific case study.

Keyphrases: archaeology, prehistory, neandertals, anatomically modern humans, middle to upper paleolithic transition, scientific controversy, continuity-discontinuity, biological and behavioral modernity, bipolarity of interpretative models, history of sciences
Developmental, morphological, and behavioural plasticity in the reproductive strategies of stink bugs and their egg parasitoids

The environment shapes the physiology, morphology, and behaviour of organisms through complex, multidimensional ecological and evolutionary processes. The reproductive success of individual animals is determined by how well their phenotype is suited to an environment that is constantly changing over single and multi-generational time scales. At the same time, phenotypes are shaped by the environment, which triggers adaptive modifications of animal reproductive strategies while also imposing important constraints. In this thesis, using stink bugs and their parasitoids as model organisms, I considered how several types of plasticity can interact to influence biological fitness, and how plasticity in reproductive strategies responds to several important components of environmental change (host quality, ultraviolet radiation, temperature, biological invasions). Firstly, I compared the response of behavioural and life history traits to body size variation in the parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), finding that reaction norms of behavioural traits more often had positive slopes than life history traits. Next, I found that the predatory stink bug Podisus maculiventris Say (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) can selectively control the colouration of its eggs. Egg pigmentation in this species protects embryos against ultraviolet radiation as part of a complex oviposition strategy that evolved in response to a suite of environmental factors. Then, I tested how thermal stress affects the memory dynamics of the parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) learning the reliability of chemical traces left by its host. These experiments revealed that both high and low stressful temperatures prevented forgetting, affecting the time allocation of parasitoids on patches of host chemical traces. I also developed a general framework to classify temperature’s effects on all aspects of ectotherm behaviour, distinguishing constraints from adaptive behavioural adjustments. Finally, I tested the ability of an indigenous parasitoid (T. podisi) to attack the eggs of a new invasive pest of agriculture, Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). The results showed that T. podisi attacks the eggs of H. halys but cannot develop, demonstrating that the invasive pest is an “evolutionary trap” for indigenous parasitoids, which could indirectly benefit native stink bug species by acting as an egg and time sink for the parasitoid. These findings have important implications for how insects, including those involved in biological control programs, respond to environmental change.

Keyphrases: entomologie, phenotypic plasticity, animal behaviour, reproductive biology, entomology, Pentatomidae, Platygastridae
Essays in resource economics

This thesis consists of three essays in resource economics. Chapter 2 analyzes the effects of resource storage on welfare and on the resource stock, in the context of rice-fish culture. I develop a simple general equilibrium model, that has three central components: one open access renewable resource with logistic natural growth, two production sectors and storage of the good produced with the resource. Consumers store the resource when they speculate that the price of the resource will be higher in the future. Storage has an ambiguous effect on welfare, has a negative impact on resource stock at the period the storage takes place and has a positive impact for all following periods. Chapter 3 examines the effects of migration of skilled workers in a model of interregional trade in the presence of pollution. I develop a two-sector model of trade that incorporates both pollution and migration issues to show that interregional trade can affect the pollution level of a country composed of regions with different industrial structures. The mobility of workers amplifies the effects of interregional trade on the environmental capital. The region with the less (more) polluting technology is affected positively (negatively) by trade. Migration doesn’t affect the trade pattern. The region with the less polluting manufacturing industry always gains from trade. If the preferences over manufactures is relatively low, the region with the more pollutant technology can experience a loss from trade in the long run. Finally, Chapter 4 is co-authored with Yves Richelle. In this chapter, we consider the problem of efficiently allocating water of a lake among different potential users. We consider two types of irreversibility: the irreversibility of an investment that creates a fixed damage to the ecosystem and the irreversibility of the right to use the resource that comes from the legislation (legislative irreversibility). First of all, we determine the value of water for users. Then, we characterize the optimal allocation of water among users. With legislative irreversibility, we show that it is sometimes optimal to reduce the amount of water allocated to the firm, even though there is no rivalry in use. Moreover, we show that it is not always optimal to prevent the damage created by the irreversible vi investment. We define the context, in which it is optimal to intervene to prevent the damage. Furthermore, with irreversibility, we prove that the marginal value of water at the efficient allocation for users is not equalized. Overall, we show that in the case of no rivalry in use, unused water should not be seen as a limitless resource to be used in any way whatever.

Keyphrases: Migration, Open access renewable resource, Storage, Rice-fish culture, Two-sector dynamic model, Migration, Pollution externality, Water allocation, Irreversibility, Value of water
Les pèlerines, la religion vécue et la Roumanie postcommuniste

At the end of 1989, Romania embarked on a path towards democracy. From that moment on, the country has witnessed numerous changes, including a “religious revitalization.” The attraction of religion in post-communist Romania has sparked researchers’ interest; they have tried to explain what they judge contrary to theories of secularization and modernization. My thesis starts with a critique of these studies, which have too often neglected everyday actions of individuals. In the present study, I use a lived religion approach to understand the ways in which individuals understand, express, practice and experiment religion in their daily lives. In a reflexive manner, my thesis examines lived religion in post-communist Romania; it draws on fieldwork undertaken during pilgrimages in the spring and autumn of 2012 in monasteries known for their miracles, their charismatic confessors, or their relics. Because of their predominance during pilgrimages, women stand out as the main actors of lived religion in Romania. They are at the center of my thesis. Observing their beliefs and practices—without omitting the lived religion of the “carriers of official religion”—I set out to explore themes that represent as many facets of lived religion: fate, charisma, materiality, and relics. My thesis offers two research contributions to the sociology of religion. 1) The study of the pilgrim’s religious practice instructs us on the manner in which religion is understood and practiced in an Orthodox context. It also gives insight into the consequences of this practice in post-communist Romania: as it turns out, lived religion is a vehicle for values diverging from the official democratic discourse. 2) The study provides a theoretical and methodological contribution to the lived religion approach. Its empirical material indicates that lived religion stems from the Orthodox Church before circulating between women and church representatives. In this to-and-fro movement lived religion pertains to the pilgrims as well as to the “carriers of official religion.”

Keyphrases: Orthodoxie, Lived religion, Pilgrimages, Romania, Post-Communism, Orthodoxy, Religious practice, Materiality, Orthodox Church
Sur les traces du virtuel : de la nature et du rôle de la dimension affective dans le processus de communication

The present thesis contributes to the understanding of the affective dimension of communication. Experience is first considered as a qualitative duration, and thus as movement (Henri Bergson). The point of departing is movement as an intrinsic characteristic of the body. Thus understood, the body becomes a point of passage. What is it that passes through the body? Events. The body is constituted by this passage itself, which makes it into a becoming-body. Here, every experience is an act of communication in its purest state. Experience is an occasion for the actualisation of the virtual. It consists in the actualisation of a virtual force - which A. N. Whitehead calls the subjective form. The sense of the message is the event itself: that which emerges in the experience (Gilles Deleuze). Not the subjective experience of a preconstituted subject, but pure experience, as defined by William James: a relationality. That which actualises itself is an affective tonality (Whitehead), felt as an aesthetic quality. What are the constitutive factors of sense? The traditional duality subject-object must be enlarged into a relational complex: we can thus perceive affective, perceptive, human and technological actors in an assemblage that realizes itself as an emerging relationality. Every event is situated. Consequently, the emergence of sense becomes an act of co-creation in which the multiple factors conditioning the event participate. Who communicates? This act of co-creation communicates itself. This vision departs from an anthropocentrism to conceive the event itself as the subject of its own experiences (Whitehead). As much as every act of communication is a lived event, so too is every media experience. Event is embodied by the dimensions of the becoming-body – affective-consciousness and reflexive-consciousness. These are so intimately interconnected that they become mutually inclusive in experience and totally active in the actualisation of sense.

Keyphrases: sens, affect, sensation, relation, virtual, pure experience, aesthetic event, consciousness, duration, sense, diagram
Characterization of glutaraldehyde-immobilized chymotrypsin and an in-situ immobilized enzyme reactor using capillary electrophoresis-based peptide mapping

Digesting proteins using proteolytic enzymes is a standard method in proteomic studies and bottom-up protein sequencing. Enzymes can be added in solution or gel phase depending on how the protein has been isolated. Immobilized, i.e., insoluble, proteolytic enzymes offer several advantages such as reusability of enzyme, high enzyme-to-substrate ratio, and integration with fluidic systems. In this study, we prepared glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chymotrypsin (GA-CT), which creates insoluble particles. The immobilization efficiency was determined by absorbance spectrophotometry and found to be 96% of the total amount of chymotrypsin added. Different immobilization (i.e., crosslinking) conditions such as buffer composition/pH and initial mass of CT during crosslinking as well as different storage conditions such as temperature, time and humidity for the GA-CT particles were evaluated by comparing capillary electrophoretic (CE) peptide maps of protein standards digested with the particles. The GA-CT particles were used to digest BSA as an example of a large folded protein that needs denaturation prior to digestion, and casein-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as an example of a small, labeled substrate to test enzyme activity in the presence of substrate-bound fluorescent groups. Peptide mapping of digests from GA-CT particles was achieved by CE with ultraviolet (UV) absorbance or laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. FITC-labeled casein was digested by GA-CT to the same extent as with free (i.e., soluble) CT. An immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) was fabricated by immobilizing CT inside a 250 µm i.d. fused-silica capillary tube pre-treated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to functionalize the inner walls with amine groups. Glutaraldehyde was reacted with the amine groups and then CT was immobilized by crosslinking to the GA. IMERs based on GA-CT were fabricated using an automated CE system and used to digest BSA, myoglobin, a 9-residue peptide and a dipeptide as examples of large, medium and small substrates. Digests were studied by comparing peptide maps obtained by CE coupled to either UV or mass spectrometric (MS) detection in order to evaluate immobilization conditions as a function of buffer composition/pH and reaction times. A separate study, which used fluorescence microscopy to investigate the extent and location of GA-CT immobilization in the IMER, showed that immobilization only takes place primarily near the capillary walls and that crosslinking does not extend as far into the center of the IMER as had been expected.

Keyphrases: Glutaraldéhyde, Peptide mapping, Crosslinking, Glutaraldehyde, Chymotrypsin, Capillary electrophoresis, Immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER)
Préférence pour les garçons et sélection sexuelle prénatale : une réalité contemporaine multiple pour les femmes du Nord-Ouest de l’Inde

Demographers have recorded a very important unbalanced sex-ratio (men/women) in North-Western India that would be the direct consequence of prenatal sex-selection caused by a strong son preference. In Jaipur (Rajasthan) and Gurgaon (Haryana), I interviewed married women from well-off backgrounds and in attempt to understand the presence of son preference and daughter discrimination in their everyday lives. The use of sex-selection seems to resolve several tensions produced by the interactions between economic changes, family-planning intensification, availability of reproductive technologies and kinship expectations from the family. Although women experience family pressure to conceive a son, they can also desire a son for themselves; gender identity construction influences the idea that women can achieve femininity and be accomplished through their roles as spouse and mother of a son. Pressure to give birth to a son comes from the structures as well as the immediate family environment.

Keyphrases: Son preference, India, Sex selection, Gender, Women, Reproductive technologies, Sex-selective abortion