NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Plausibilité de l’effet d’un programme de télé-préréadaptation, supervisée ou en personne, comparés à un groupe témoin chez des participants en attente d’une arthroplastie totale de la hanche ou du genou : essai pilote randomisé en simple aveugle

INTRODUCTION: The accessibility to total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA) often comes up against long wait lists. Prolonged wait times may have deleterious effects on patient functional status for the awaiting patients and telerehabilitation interventions can optimize the delivery of perioperative care. OBJECTIVES: This pilot single blind randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the feasibility and the potential impact on pain and disability of a telerehabilitation prehabilitation program for patients awaiting a hip or knee TJA, compared to in-person prehabilitation or usual care during pre-surgical wait. METHODS: Thirty-four patients awaiting a total hip (THA) or knee arthroplasty (TKA) were recruited and randomly assigned to: 1—an in-person 12-week prehabilitation program, 2—a tele-prehabilitation program or 3—usual care. Feasibility, patients’ acceptance and compliance to the tele-prehabilitation program were assessed. Outcomes were the LEFS, the WOMAC, SF-36, the Self-Paces Walk (SPW), the Stair Test (ST), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and a Global Rating of Change scale (GRC). Data was collected at baseline and after the prehabilitation program. RESULTS: Participants reported excellent satisfaction toward the tele-prehabilitation services and compliance with the prehabilitation program was high in the experimental groups. No significant differences between groups were found for self-reported outcomes after the prehabilitation program, but statistical power was low. Statistically significant improvements were, however, observed for the SPW and the ST among the participants in the experimental groups. DISCUSSION: This pilot study suggests that tele-prehabilitation can be feasible using commercially available mobile technologies with patients awaiting a THA or a TKA, and can generate good satisfaction with this population. This trial also suggests that rehabilitation can improve objective physical performance measures, such as walking speed or stair performance with those patients, but the objective functional improvement observed is not associated with reduction in pain or self-perceived functional improvements. The observations from this pilot project have to be interpreted with caution, as they need to be confirmed in a sufficiently powered larger trial.

Keyphrases: Exercices, Application mobile, Prehabilitation, Telerehabilitation, Osteoarthritis, Arthroplasty, Hip, Knee, Physiotherapy, Exercise, Mobile applications, Videoconference
Étude pilote de l’effet d’un entraînement utilisant une stimulation sensorielle par vibrations reproduisant la marche chez des personnes hémiparétiques

Most of individuals with hemiparesis following a stroke present gait disabilities which limit their social participation. Prolonged gait training is recommended to optimize the recovery. This approach is founded on the importance of the sensory information produced by gait movements to recover the best possible control of movement. This information could also be induced by means of multiple localized muscular vibration. It has been showed that sequential and patterned vibration application on different muscles of lower limbs could mimic sensory activity associated with normal gait movement. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effect of gait-like vibration training on gait parameter in hemiparetic people in subacute phase. To answer this question, a single case experimental design study with repeated measures was used with three individuals with hemiparesis during intensive functional rehabilitation. Each participant has received gait-like vibration training in 30-minute sessions, four times per week for three weeks. Comfortable and fast overground gait speeds were the principal outcome measures. Spatiotemporal data and gait pattern were also evaluated. Each data was collected twice before training, then at the end of each week of training and a month after the end of the training. Control data of overground gait speeds of individuals with hemiparesis in the same intensive rehabilitation facility, prospectively collected in a clinical database, has been used to compare the additional effect gait speed of the three participants. An increase of overground gait speed has been observed in only one of the three participants. This change appeared at the end of the first week of training and were superior to these obtained in the database participants. Gait-like vibration training has also permitted an improvement of the other spatiotemporal data and gait pattern of all three participants. Regarding these results, it seems necessary to continue the evaluation of gait-like vibration training to better understand these effects and develop a new tool of rehabilitation.

Keyphrases: Proprioception, Vibration, Stroke, Hemiparesis, Gait, Rehabilitation
Rôle de CD271 dans l'immunomodulation des cellules T

T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the development of the immune response specific to a given antigen. They play an important role in the recognition and elimination of abnormal cells such as cancer cells or those infected with a pathogen. However, dysregulation of T cell function can lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. Thus, it is crucial to modulate the duration and the amplitude of the immune response. To this end, T cell function is tightly regulated by a network of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules. These cosignaling molecules are essential modulators of the immune system and belong to the immunoglobulin and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamilies (IgSF and TNFRSF). Despite intensive study of these protein families, the function for many IgSF and TNFRSF members remain largely unknown. CD271, the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor (NGF) (also known as NGFR, p75 neurotrophin receptor, and TNFRSF16) is particularly intriguing. In addition to its expression on neural crest-derived cells, CD271 is also expressed on diverse cancer cells and hematopoietic cells such as dendritic cells, as well as immunomodulatory cell types including mesenchymal stromal cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, suggesting that CD271 may be involved in the regulation of immune responses. Yet, little is known about its immunomodulatory properties. It has recently been shown that CD271 expression on melanoma cells can indirectly modulate T cell function through NGF-dependent downregulation of tumor antigens, thus allowing cancer immune evasion. Beyond the canonical neurotrophins, it has been suggested that CD271 binds to human CD80, a major costimulatory molecule mainly expressed on antigen presenting cells but that is also up-regulated on T cells after activation where it performs immunomodulatory functions. However, direct modulation of the immune response by CD271 has not yet been considered. Given that several members of the TNFRSF directly interact with T cells to modulate their function, we hypothesized that CD271 can directly modulate T cell function. Using in vitro T cell activation systems, we show that recombinant CD271-Fc protein inhibits T cell activation, proliferation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, our studies suggest that the interaction of CD271 and CD80 is human specific, and CD271 also inhibits murine T cell activation, suggesting that CD271 acts independently of CD80 binding to modulate T cell function. Our studies identify CD271 as a potential cosignaling molecule implicated in the regulation of T cell function. Thus, further characterization of CD271 could lead to the development of anti-cancer therapies.

Keyphrases: CD271, CD80, Immunomodulation, Cancer, T cell, Cosignaling, Immunotherapy, Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, Immunoglobulin superfamily
Étude exploratoire des changements psychologiques chez les hommes qui deviennent père sur le plan de leur relation à leurs parents, leur conjointe et leur représentation d'eux-mêmes

This two-article thesis aims to further characterize the nature of psychic changes encountered in the transition to fatherhood and the process whereby these changes arise. We will focus on changes regarding mental representations of oneself, one’s spouse, and one’s parents. We would like to further understand how upcoming fatherhood, and in some sense, taking the place of one’s father in the chain of generations, can induce psychological modulations and change the mental representations of the people mentioned earlier. It is well known that fathers get involved as soon as the pregnancy is discovered, that they exert a positive influence on the development of the child early on, and that their state of mind affects the way in which they exercise their role. Nonetheless, our knowledge of the intrapsychic changes that occur during upcoming and first-time fatherhood remains limited. The first article summarizes what is currently known on the subject. Because so few studies have been published on this topic among the numerous theoretical and clinical studies published on other aspects of fatherhood since the 1950s, we decided to concentrate on an exhaustive systematic review of the literature from 1950 to June 2012. As the search covers a very long period of time, it was essential to be able to highlight the progression of findings and research methodologies. To do so, we decided to proceed in historical context, retaining for each decade the studies most relevant to our topic.    The second article describes the results of a study we undertook, in which 13 men participated. In the interval between the sixth month of pregnancy and the fifth month postpartum, each participant was interviewed four times. The data were analyzed by semi-automated content analysis. Results showed two sets of findings related to psychological change: one was organized along generational lines and the other according to representations of  the participant’s own mother and father. These results suggest that psychic changes in upcoming fatherhood can be stratified on different levels.   Title: The experience of first-time fathers: An exploratory study on relationships with family and spouse and on self-image as fathers

Keyphrases: transition, Fatherhood, Birth, Mental representation
Rôles distinctifs des inflammations de type II et III dans la progression de la fibrose hépatique

Inflammatory immune cells can modulate activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and progression of liver fibrosis. Inflammation is divided in three types characterized by distinct cytokine profiles. Type I inflammation (characterized by IFN-γ production) has anti-fibrogenic properties in contrast to type II inflammation (characterized by IL-4 and IL-13 production). Type III inflammation characterized by production of IL-17 and IL-22 is implicated in many inflammatory conditions of the gut and can be counteracted by regulatory T cells (Tregs), but its contribution to liver fibrosis is still poorly understood.  In these studies, we evaluated the contribution of type III inflammation in liver fibrosis using clinical liver biopsies, in vitro stimulation of primary HSCs and in vivo mouse models. We report dysregulated type II responses during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This signature was validated in vivo, where we demonstrated that type II inflammation limited metabolic syndrome associated with NASH, but contributed to liver fibrosis progression. We also report dysregulated type III responses in fibrotic lesions with increased Th17/Treg ratio as well as elevated IL-17A and IL-22 production in liver biopsies. We demonstrate that IL-17A sensitizes HSCs to the action of TGF-β through up-regulation of the TGF-β-RII in a JNK-dependent manner. In addition, we also demonstrate a new pro-fibrotic function of IL-22 through enhancement of TGF-β signaling in HSCs in a p38 MAPK dependent manner. In vivo, IL-22RA1 knockout mice exhibited reduced fibrosis in response to thioacetamide and carbon tetrachloride. Blocking IL-22 production using aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) or RORγt antagonist led to reduced fibrosis.  Altogether, we identified a novel role for type III inflammation mediated by IL-17A and IL-22 in driving liver fibrosis during chronic liver injury.

Keyphrases: Inflammation, Th17, Fibrosis, Immunity, Chronic liver injury
Spliceosome SNRNP200 promotes viral RNA sensing and IRF3 activation of antiviral response

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens of many kind such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Its role is straightforward: it acts within minutes of a pathogenic engagement to control and restrict the microscopic invasion using non-specific mechanisms while the host mounts an induced, and specific, innate and adaptive response. To identify new regulators of antiviral innate immunity, we have completed the first genome-wide gene RNAi screen assessing the transcriptional response at the interferon-β (IFNB1) promoter following Sendai virus (SeV) infection. Interestingly, a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of the 114 gene hits revealed that many of these proteins were spliceosome-associated. Among them, we further prioritized the characterization of SNRNP200, a core and unique spliceosomal member of the Ski2-like RNA helicase family based on its structural similarities to other antiviral RNA helicase like RIG-I and MDA5. In this thesis, we provide evidence for a role of the spliceosomal SNRNP200 that is clearly distinguishable of the one in pre-mRNA splicing. Indeed, the depletion of SNRNP200 in human cells resulted in a reduced antiviral response and increased susceptibility to viral infection. We specifically showed that SNRNP200 positively regulates activation of the key antiviral transcriptional factor IRF3 via a protein-protein interaction with the serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1. Additionally, we showed that upon infection, SNRNP200 binds viral RNA and relocalizes into TBK1-containing cytoplasmic structures to promote innate signaling. Of clinical relevance, we observed a significantly hindered antiviral response of PBMCs from patients carrying a dominant SNRNP200 mutation associated to the retina pigmentosa type 33 (RP33), an inherited degenerative eye disease. We showed that expression of the RP33-associated mutant has lost the ability to bind RNA and to rescue antiviral response in SNRNP200 silenced cells. Thus, this thesis provides new insights into an immunoregulatory role of spliceosome SNRNP200 acting as an RNA sensor and adaptor of TBK1 to promote IRF3 signaling in antiviral response.

Keyphrases: RIG-I, SNRNP200, IRF3, TBK1, RNAi screen, Innate Antiviral Immunity, Sendai Virus, Type I Interferon, RLR Pathway Signalling, Viral RNA Sensor, Adaptor Protein, Retinitis Pigmentosa
Influence of Perceived Stressful Homework on Lifestyle Habits and Subsequently on Adiposity : a QUALITY Study

Background: Perceived stressful homework was shown to be associated with poor adiposity profile in children aged 8-10 years old, and this was mediated by a decrease in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and an increase in screen time.   Objectives: 1) Explore if any dietary factors could be potential mediator, 2) Observe the associations and mediators present at 10-12 years of age, and 3) Examine from a longitudinal perspective these associations (from 8-10 years old to 10-12 years old).   Methods: The following information on the QUALITY cohort children were extracted: homework duration, stress level and screen time, sleep and MVPA duration, dietary factors, and adiposity profile. Process Macro for SPSS was used for the statistical analysis.   Main Results: Perceived stressful homework was positively associated with adiposity at 8-10 years old only in all children, particularly in girls. High-sugar drink was a partial mediator between perceived stressful homework and trunk fat percentage in children at 8-10 years old. Screen time mediated the relationship between homework and body mass index of children at 10-12 years old. Sleep duration change mediated the association between perceived stressful homework duration and trunk fat percentage changes in children since ages 8-10 years old, especially in girls.   Discussion: As children grow and perform a lot of homework, screen habits changes. In prevention aspect of paediatric obesity, screen time and sleep duration are the two major habits to monitor.

Keyphrases: Alimentation, Homework, Screen, Sleep, Physical Activity, Diet, High-Sugar Drink, Children, Obesity
Évaluation des facteurs reliés à la violence familiale dans le cadre de la jurisprudence portant sur la garde d'enfants

Violence against a family member, also called " family violence ", is frequent in child custody cases heard by the Superior Court, Family chamber. The trial judge must therefore analyze the delicate question of determining which custody arrangement must be given to the parent who committed family violence. Is there a risk for the child’s safety, his health or his well-being ? Is shared custody still possible ? Nothing is ever black or white. Certain factors related to family violence will militate in favor of a limitation of contacts and/or a supervision between the perpetrator and his child, while other factors will have no effect. The author will therefore analyze factors relative to the people implicated in cases of family violence, who are the victim and the perpetrator. Also, she will examine factors related to the act, either by the nature, the seriousness, the recurrence and the temporal context, in order to highlight Quebec jurisprudential trends on the matter.

Keyphrases: Abus, Parent, Family violence, Domestic violence, Marital abuse, Custody, Access, Parent, Child
La prise en compte du genre dans les initiatives des entreprises transnationales : le cas de l’industrie du cacao au Ghana et en Côte-d’Ivoire

This study seeks to explore a new dimension of discrimination against women in employment. The research focuses on the effects of the gender factor, on the relationship between gender mainstreaming in transnational corporations' work plans and on women's working conditions throughout the supply chain. We studied the cocoa industry because of the importance of the cocoa economy in several countries. In the first chapter, we are establishing the difference between women and men treatments on cocoa farms by analyzing the data of the two largest cocoa producing countries, Ghana and Ivory Coast. The second part of the analysis discusses the basis of discrimination in African regional law and international law. The study concludes with the demonstration of the influence of the transnational corporations in the working conditions of cocoa farmers through its social responsibility initiatives.

Keyphrases: Ghana, Côte-d'Ivoire, International Law, Labor Law, Regional African law, Corporate social responsibility, Women's rights, Ivory Coast, Cocoa
Analyse de la morphologie buccofaciale et des voies aériennes supérieures chez des porteurs de prothèses complètes souffrant des troubles du sommeil

Problematic: Controversy concerning the relationship between between anatomical parameters of the upper airways and obstructive sleep apnea exist in the literature. Although some studies have shown a correlation between some of these parameters and the presence or severity of obstructive sleep apnea, other studies have not demonstrated any association. Despite the current use of three-dimensional radiology technology, the full potential of available information does not appear to have been totally explored. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the strength of the correlation between various upper airway parameters and the obstructive sleep apnea and to determine to what extent anatomical parameters can predict the presence of sleep apnea. Methods: The study used a descriptive analytical design and was nested in a large randomized controlled study on the impact of nocturnal wear of the prosthesis on the sleep apnea. Data were obtained from 28 completely edentate individuals (65≥) who had an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 10. Obstructive sleep apnea was measured by the use of polysomnography. The information regarding the upper airway anatomical parameters and sociodemographic data were obtained by the use of Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and auto-adiminstered questionnaires consecutively. Bivariate statistical analyses and linear regression models were used to analyse the data.. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study participants mean AHI was 21.0 ± 10.6. Any association was found between the individual upper airway anatomical parameters (unaffected by the contact between the uvula and the posterior wall of the pharynx) and the apnea hypopnea index. The automatic regression model showed that 38% of the variance of AHI could be predicted by a combination of anatomical parameters (p = 0.004) including planes passing through the posterior nasal spine and through the tops of the uvula and epiglottis into a sagittal plan. Conclusion: A combination of anatomical parameters rather than individual parameters seems to be associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Keywords: sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, edentulism, complete prostheses, upper airway, buccofacial morphology, polysomnography, conical beam volume tomography, CBCT, radiology.

Keyphrases: sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, edentulism, complete prostheses, upper airway, buccofacial morphology, polysomnography, conical beam volume tomography, CBCT, radiology
De la déconstruction discursive du genre à la déconstruction technique de la matière : une analyse du concept de genre dans l'univers technoscientifique

Today’s emphasis on the notion of gender, conceptualized and promoted within the feminist theory, as well as the radical criticism of social and historical constructions regarding sex and its biological determinations, seem to have lead, on the one hand, to the loss of an important aspect of the analytical power and, on the other hand, by reducing it to is social inscriptions, to the loss of the body itself in its materiality. In this respect, this paper evolves around the issue whereby the deconstruction and reassessment of social constructions such as sexuality, gender, sex and even kinship, lead mainly by feminist and queer theories and, more broadly, by social sciences, contribute to the denaturalization and material deconstruction process already undertaken by technological and scientific development. The reflexion implemented throughout the gender concept and the theorization which assimilates and conveys it, rests basically on the same principles undertaken by technoscience denaturalization, participating and encouraging it as well. Moreover, the material deconstruction of the body and the sex which took place in the biomedical field in the early 20th century appears to be the basis, the conditional possibility as well as the shaping of the notion of gender in the 1950’s. Such notion seems to never have ceased being in direct relation to this realm of technoscientific sense which made it possible, by going along with its mutations as well as by its active participation. If the project of body and sex deconstruction is generally associated to post-modern authors and their particular use of gender, we wish to set forth the idea that the gender concept entails in itself the deconstruction of the body and the sex, fragmented, if not denied, and that since its origins, its rests basically on controlling and instrumentalizing the body, inherited from the mechanistic model of thought; relying on the technicistic paradigm and the technoscientific industrial realm without which, it would not even have been considered.

Keyphrases: Technique, Technoscience, Gender, Sex, Body, Technic, Deconstruction