NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Services aux adultes handicapés physiques : enquête auprès des bibliothèques publiques québécoises

Services offered to library users are important to librarianship. However, users form an heterogeneous group and the same services should be offered or, at least, be made available to all members of the community. Unfortunately, public libraries sometimes are experiencing difficulties to provide adequate and adapted services to people have disabilities those, often, are not aware of the services they could benefit from. In addition, these individuals are often not aware pf the services that are offered to them. However, people with disabilities are part of the community and their number is increasing due to the aging of the population and better diagnostic capabilities. We should also mention that those people claim their autonomy more than before as well as the right to be able to enjoy the same services as the rest of the population. This has become even more true since the introduction of different technical and technological aids and services that allow them to live their lives to the fullest. For all these reasons, library managers must ensure that the reception of these users with special needs will be adequately insured, thus enabling them to become users “like the others”.  As there is a lack of studies on the subject, we have decided to examine the situation through an electronic questionnaire sent to public library employees responsible for user services. The results collected have enabled us to draw a picture of the current state of disability services in public libraries in Quebec and to provide certain recommendations. The results should help library managers to establish where and how to focus their efforts to make their institutions more welcoming to this category of users. Specifically, the research objectives were: 1. Identify services offered by public libraries in Quebec to adult users with disabilities. 2. Identify current accessibility elements present in Quebec public libraries’ infrastructure. 3. Avaluate the impact of the presence or absence of accessibility measures on the supply of services for adult users with disabilities and items related to accessibility. 4. Compare the results with those of previous surveys (Bibliothèque nationale du Canada 1976 ; Bergeron 1987) to highlight the recommendations that have been applied and those that have not.

Keyphrases: Service, disabled, public library
Étude des macrorestes végétaux du site Droulers

This thesis focuses on the study of the macrobotanical remains from the Droulers village site inhabited during the second half of the XVth century by a St. Lawrence Iroquoian community. The main goal is to verify the practices of its inhabitants regarding the botanical contribution to their diet less than a century before the end of prehistory. Remains resulting from the practice of agriculture and gathering from wild are present in different contexts of the site. The analysis of these remains demonstrates the importance of these activites in the daily life of the inhabitants of the site. Thus, it is possible to validate the importance of maize among the subsistence strategies by means of ubiquity analysis of that species on the site. Maize is indeed the most common species throughout the different contexts studied. The presence of that species coupled with that of bean and squash demonstrates the practice of the Three sisters mound system at the Droulers site, a practice documented historically by the first European chroniclers. The remains of fruits and nuts are relatively well represented on the site, which suggests the importance of gathering in the diet of the Droulers inhabitants. The synchronic and diachronic comparative study of those macrobotanical remains with those found elsewhere in Iroquoia helps to better situate the degree of importance of the activities mentioned above at the Droulers site in relation to that of other sites whether older, contemporary or younger. The majority of the fruits present on the site where also gathered by the Glen Meyer and Princess Point proto-iroquoians and by other iroquoian groups (prehistoric and historic). The degree of utilization of the wild fruits at the Droulers site is in continuity with that of older and younger related groups. The utilization of cultigens and nuts at the Droulers site is similar to that of other Iroquoian groups.

Keyphrases: Agriculture, Archaeology, St. Lawrence Iroquoians, Macrobotanical remains, Agriculture, Gathering, Late Woodland, St. Lawrence lowlands, Quebec
Validation of the couples' cancer communication scale

A diagnosis of breast cancer powerfully challenges a couple’s relationship. Couple illness communication is one way couples offer each other mutual support, allowing for better illness adjustment. However, in the existing literature, few scales explicitly measure couple illness communication. The goals of the present study were to validate the Couple Cancer Communication scale (CCC) and to examine the association between CCC and cancer-related adjustment outcomes. Patients (N = 120) and their spouses (N = 109) were interviewed regarding their experience with breast cancer. A two factor solution was retained for the CCC scale, avoidance and openness to communication. It demonstrated good convergent validity with the Primary Communication Inventory (r = .54, p <.01 for patients; r = .55, p <.01 for partners). Finally, the CCC scale significantly predicted both depression (Δr² = 0.029) and marital adjustment (Δr² = 0.032) scores above and beyond general communication. With further development, the CCC could be a useful tool as an assessment measure in a life-threatening disease. The present scale, in conjunction with other sources of information, could be used in future research and clinical settings when attempting to assess illness-related communication and related outcomes.

Keyphrases: Couple, Communication, Validation, Breast Cancer, Couple, Communication, Validation, Marital Adjustment, Depression
Différents procédés statistiques pour détecter la non-stationnarité dans les séries de précipitation

The main goal of this master's thesis is to find whether the summer convective precipitations simulated  by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) are stationary over time or not.  In order to answer that question, we propose both a frequentist and Bayesian statistical methodology. For the frequentist approach, we used  standard quality control and the CUSUM to determine if the mean has increased over the years. For the Bayesian approach, we compared the posterior distributions of the precipitations over time. In order to do the comparison, we  used a statistic based on the Hellinger's distance, the J-divergence and the L2 norm.  In this master's thesis, we  used the ARL (average run length) to calibrate each of our methods. Therefore, a big part of this thesis is about studying the actual property of the ARL. Once our tools are well calibrated, we  used the simulation to compare them together. Finally, we studied the data from the CRCM to decide, whether or not, the data are stationary.

Keyphrases: Cusum, Arl, J-divergence, Stationarity, Bayesian, quality control, Posteriori distribution comparaison, Hellinger's distance
Temps de Branchement du Mouvement Brownien Branchant Inhomogène

This thesis studies the behavior of particles that are maximal at time t in branching random walk and branching Brownian motion on R, for large values of t. Precisely, we look at the behavior of the maximum in a branching random walk in a time-inhomogeneous environment, where the law of the increments varies with respect to time. We compare with known or simplified models such as the model where random walks are taken to be i.i.d. and the branching random walk in a time-homogeneous environment model. We then take a look at the correlations between maximal particles in a branching brownian motion. Specifically, we look at the branching time between those maximal particles. Finally, we apply results and methods from the first chapters to study those same correlations in branching Brownian motion in a inhomogeneous environment. The thesis’ main result establishes existence of branching time at the center of the interval [0, t] for the branching Brownian motion in a inhomogeneous environment, which is not the case for standard branching brownian motion.We also present results of simulations that agree with theoretical results and help establishing new hypotheses for future research.

Keyphrases: Branching random walk, Branching Brownian motion, Branching time
Formes quadratiques ternaires représantant tous les entiers impairs

In 1993, Conway and Schneeberger gave a simple criterion allowing one to determine whether a given quadratic form represents all positive integers ; the 15-theorem. In this thesis, we investigate an analogous problem, that is the search for a similar criterion allowing one to detect if a quadratic form in three variables represents all odd integers. We start with a general introduction to the theory of quadratic forms, namely in two variables, then, we expose different points of view under which quadratic forms can be considered. We then describe the 15-theorem and its generalizations, with a particular emphasis on the techniques used in Bhargava’s proof of the theorem. Finally, we give a proof of two theorems which provide a criteria to determine whether a ternary quadratic form represents all odd integers.

Keyphrases: Quadratic forms, Ternary, Integer representation, Odd integers, Universality
Des bourreaux et des loups : les représentations du mal dans Dieu et nous seuls pouvons et Un loup est un loup de Michel Folco

The first two novels of Michel Folco, Dieu et nous seuls pouvons (1991) and Un loup est un loup (1995), were well received by the general public and the press, but were largely ignored by the academic community. These historical novels do however deserve our attention. This Dumas admirer proposes adventure novels of historical inspiration which seem to be constructed in the purest form of the genre. Yet the texts are more complex than it appears: they have absorbed a strong and multiple intertext, incorporated disturbing social fantasies and they offer an original narrative of the relationship between Man and Nature. Centered around the characters of the executioner and the wolf, the novels present a unique approach to these symbols of evil and question the ancestral hatred to which they are subjected. In this fictional universe, haunted by vengeance, it is society as a whole that is depicted as violent, intolerant and cruel. The notion of evil is redefined, questioned and distorted. It is this very distortion that is the topic of this thesis, whose purpose is to show how these texts transform historical accounts as well as mythical and religious representations.

Keyphrases: Animal, Michel Folco, Contemporary french litterature, Historical novel, Sociocriticism, Executioner
Epicurus’ Apolitical Attitude

Epicurus’ advice to avoid political participation has been the object of a number of confusing and sometimes ungrounded interpretations. Based on Pierre Hadot’s view that ancient philosophy was fundamentally rooted in existence, and that philosophical doctrines were only important insofar as they assisted a praxis, the apolitical attitude cannot be understood merely as a lack of interest and concern for politics. On the contrary, Epicurus’ attitude was rooted in a refusal to live the way of life prescribed by the political establishment. For him, traditional politics failed at making the life of citizens better on account of their excessive lust for power and wealth. In response to this situation, Epicurus’ project was aimed at creating a community in which it was possible to develop new values and live by them. Had the Epicurean community participated politically, being in direct opposition to the most fundamental ways of life of the city, it would have involved a great deal of hostility from partisans of traditional values. Thus, Epicurus’ attitude may be justified first as a means to avoid political persecution. Second, since politics implied a significant amount of struggle for power, its pursuit clearly went against the prescribed undisturbed life of Epicureanism. At any rate, regardless of these two motives to avoid political participation, it is clear that if Epicurus’ attitude had not been politically inspired then his criticism of political life, his avoidance of it, and the creation of an alternative community would have never taken place. Politics has the power of shaping the life of people in profound ways. Seeing how this conditioning was based on unhealthy values, Epicurus’ project, therefore, was to reshape anew, under the light of new values, the life of those who did not find satisfaction in the way of life of the city.

Keyphrases: epicure, philosophy, epicurus, apolitical, political
Les obstacles et les raisons de la pratique sportive chez les élèves francophones du secondaire

Youths sports participation in Canada reaches lower levels each year and tends to become lower for the adolescents as they grow in age, especially when they enter high school. This study examines the obstacles and reasons of sport participation and the enjoyment felt in sports and physical education classes. A quantitative method was used for this study. Data collection was conducted via an online survey. The convenience sample consists of 2001 francophone students from the first to the fifth year of high school in a Canadian and francophone school. Among these students, 367 were included as sport participants (sport participation of four hours per week minimum), 241 ex-sport participants and 142 non-sport participants, for a total of 750 students included in the analyzes. The results suggest that, in general, the most important source of obstacle seems to be time constraints, while the reasons that stood out as the most important referred to sports enjoyment dealing specifically with the feeling of pleasure associated with the activity itself. Results also suggest that the obstacles and reasons of sports participation seem to vary according to the type of sport, age and sex of the adolescent. Actual sport participants would experience higher levels of sports enjoyment than ex- sports participants in sports and in physical education classes. Girls were more likely than boys to consider the obstacles included in this study as barriers to sport. Barriers also appear to be more numerous with age. Sports enjoyment in physical education seems to be higher that sports enjoyment in sports. Our results also demonstrate the existence of a significant correlation between the sport enjoyment in physical education and in sports.

Keyphrases: Sport, Obstacles, Genre, Enjoyment, Sport, Reasons, Obstacles, Adolescents, Gender, Age, Survey
Fonctionnement émotionnel et social des adolescents dépressifs, de leur fratrie et
d’un groupe témoin : étude transversale

Background: a negative cognitive bias is present among individuals who suffers from major depression. This bias is also reported among individuals at high risk of major depression (e.g. child of depressed mother). No study to date aimed to evaluate cognitive vulnerability of siblings of depressed individuals. Objectives: the present study aim to verify if siblings of depressed adolescents present a cognitive vulnerability that would predispose them to develop a major depression. Method: This study evaluates 49 adolescents (18 participants treated for depression, 16 siblings and 15 controls), aged between 12 and 20 years old. The cognitive vulnerability of every participant has been assessed using an auto-report questionnaire of symptoms (LEIDS-R) that evaluates cognitive reactivity and a task of facial recognition. Social cognition of participants is measured using the Movie for Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC) that we translated from german to french. Results: the preliminary analyses of this study concludes that a significant difference of cognitive reactivity is present between adolescents treated for depression and controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion: some of our results tend to confirm the presence of a cognitive vulnerability to depression among siblings of depressed adolescents. Those results are still preliminary and need to be confirmed by longitudinal studies.

Keyphrases: Maladie affective, Adolescent, MASC, Depression, Affective disorders, Siblings, Facial recognition, Social cognition
Les perceptions de la sexualité et les relations de couple de femmes haïtiennes immigrantes au Québec : pour une exploration des rapports hommes femmes en Haïti

The purpose of this research was to explore the perceptions of Haitian women that had immigrated to Quebec in the past five years, of their sexual relationships with men and the extent to which it is reflected in the different types of conjugal relationships.  After choosing a qualitative research method, the intersectional feminist theory has been adopted for the analysis. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 Haitian women, aged 18 and 60 years and having immigrated to Quebec in the past five years. The women’s perceptions of sexual relationships have been reported as being a set of practices and discourses interrelated built since childhood and reproducing the unequal relationships between men and women that exist in the Haitian society and in the couples. These unequal relationships are transmitted through the generations and through most of the social institutions such as family, school, culture, laws. This process is also influenced by socio-economic and power issues.  The results of this research give scientific data on women sexuality and couple relationships as well as the influence of immigration process. These results also emphasize the need for the Haitian social work to encourage the development of economic empowerment of women and their participation in current debates in society on the development of women.

Keyphrases: Pauvreté, immigration, womanhood, Female sexuality, Social perceptions, Couple relationships, Gender relations, Differentiated socialization, Unequal relationships, Domestic violence, Poverty, immigration, Agency
Violences sexuelles envers les femmes : émergence et construction d’une problématique sociale en France

This research is devoted to the analysis of social policies surrounding sexual assault against women. The visibility of sexual violence is recent. Denouncing the late 1960s, sexual violence as a symbol of the oppression of women, the feminist movement was behind the recognition by policy, this "phenomenon" as an important social problem and public interest. The study focuses on the case of France since the 1960s; the emergence of the social problem of sexual violence in the formulation of government plans since 2005. It is to analyze the evolution of public discourse on sexual violence over time and social responses offered. This study jointed on two concerns: the first is to understand how is built the issue of sexual violence, the second concerns the analysis of current policies from this development.  To understand these questions, we used a qualitative approach based principally on the documentary research methods. We analyzed the different government action plans established since 2005 and ministerial and scientific literature of sexual violence.  Based on this reading material, other documents are used to identify the historical and current context. Found for example sociological investigations, which have contributed to value the extent of the phenomenon, or a press release, which will help better understand the stakes of today. This research is mainly in the constructivist theory developed by Loseke in his book Thinking about social problem (2003). Finally, a recourse to the international comparison by the example of Quebec will allow us to clarify some French features.

Keyphrases: sexual violence, public policy, government plans, constructionism
Visions de libération du ‘dogmatisme’ musulman pour une meilleure gestion de la pluralité morale et religieuse en Occident : analyse comparative de la pensée de Muhammad Arkoun et de Tariq Ramadan sur les rapports entre tradition et modernité

Following the major political, economic and social changes that occurred in the West for over a century, many problems have emerged, new challenges have surfaced, and several approaches and solutions have been proposed. The advent of democracy, an invaluable human achievement, more or less regulated ideological plurality, and allowed the evolution of an organized political exercise. Today, in the new world order, it is the moral and religious diversity that need to be managed. The challenge remains for democratic institutions and civil society to create a better harmonious community through dialogue, understanding and compromise. However, much work is still to be done : first, within each religious tradition, second, between different traditions and third, between tradition and modernity. Dogmatism  is at the heart of these debates. An order, whether traditional or modern hampers objectives reasoning in the process of liberation and emancipation. The issue of this paper concerns the management of the moral and religious plurality in the West. In this work, we will try to demonstrate how the relinquishing of ‘dogmatism’ in general and the relinquishing of Muslim ‘dogmatism’ in particular, can contribute to the achievement of a harmonious in a pluralistic West. This will be achieved by shedding light on the projects of two contemporary Muslim thinkers : Muhammad Arkoun and Tariq Ramadan. Our research is mainly to reflect on their attitudes towards tradition versus modernity, as we believe that the issue of dogmatism is linked to Muslims’ attitude towards tradition and modernity. According to these two thinkers, the release of muslims’ ‘dogmatism’ is only possible by changing both our relationship to tradition and modernity.  Arkoun thinks this change should follow the model of Western release through a subversive critique of the Islamic tradition. However, Ramadan opts for a radical reform of Islamic thought through a comprehensive critique of the tradition, in order to save the foundation of faith : The ‘sacred’.

Keyphrases: Release, Dogmatism, Sacred, Modernity, Tradition, Living together, Tradition
Influence de la variété de laitue (Lactuca sativa) sur le puceron (Nasonovia ribisnigri) et le parasitoïde (Aphidius ervi) dans le contexte d’une relation tritrophique

New cultivars of commercialized lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with an improved resistance to pests are now available. The objective of this study was to examine the impacts of lettuce resistance on the lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and one of its parasitoids, Aphidius ervi  Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).   Lettuce resistance negatively affects aphid fitness by: increasing its mortality and developmental time and decreasing its fecundity, size and mass. This impact on aphid fitness also negatively impacts the parasitoid by decreasing its proportion of emergence, the size and mass of adults and decreasing fecundity of females.  Female parasitoids estimate hosts quality in an absolute way as they can discriminate between high and low quality hosts, without previous experience. High quality host acceptation remains constant when hosts are successively offered to a female, indicating that the female can adequately estimate host value without experience. However, this absolute estimate of host quality is modified through experience as the female changes her patch exploitation according to the quality of the patches she encounters. When low quality hosts are successively offered, female acceptation increases. Accepting low quality hosts for oviposition can be preferable to the risk of not using all her eggs. The two strategies combined, using an absolute and a relative estimation, could lead to optimal patch exploitation by A. ervi.

Keyphrases: Gène Nr, Fitness, Natural enemies, Ecological sink, Biological control, Partial plant resistance, Nr gene, Third trophic level