NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Enfouies suivi de Poétique de la spectralité dans Beautiful Losers de Leonard Cohen

This project focuses on the possibility for a text to be built on a logic of ghostly return. Enfouies is a haunted story: everything in it threatens to disappear and yet does nothing but reappear. The narrator’s double, Anna, as omnipresent as she is elusive, is at the center of this fragmented text – she haunts both the figure of enunciation and her story. Since pronouns fail to hold Anna, she is referred to both by the second and the third person. She becomes the text’s addressee by moment through appeals which intensify her presence in the text while also underlining her absence. The enunciation device combined with the character of the double catalyze a tension between disappearance and what remains – a spirit of spectrality. The joint between the double and the enunciation device which results in haunting is also the subject of the essay Poétique de la spectralité dans Beautiful Losers de Leonard Cohen. The notion of spectrality (Jacques Derrida) implies a cycle of return at work in the text. This cycle which characterizes Beautiful Losers can be seen particularly through the shifting of the pronoun ‟I”, the presence of a letter written by the narrator’s double and the multiple appeals to numerous addressees – all gathered in absence. The pronoun – shared by the doubles – disappears and reappears throughout the novel; the letter is haunted by echoes of the book preceding it, by premonitions of the epilogue which follows and by the voice of the deceased who wants to create a temporal breach with his letter; the appeals are both calls to the ghosts and ghosts themselves, inhabiting the novel. It seems impossible for each element of the text not to reappear – the text is held together by the power of its haunting.

Keyphrases: Spectralité, Leonard Cohen, Jacques Derrida, double, Spectrality, Beautiful Losers
Mémoire, identité et représentation de l’exilé chez Émile Ollivier et Dany Laferrière

Testifying to their forced experience of emigration, Émile Ollivier's Mille eaux and Les urnes scellées as well as Le cri des oiseaux fous and Je suis un écrivain japonais by Dany Laferrière, question the feeling of belonging to a culture or a country.  In the authors’ writings, the question of identity is closely linked to the notion of exile and their works allow us to reflect on the issues pertaining to integrating into a new society, the experience of being thorn from one's native land, and the impact of wandering on the perception of identity. Reflecting a journey marked by violence, their novels also explore memory and its role in the preservation of a past that would otherwise be irretrievably lost. The present work examines the complex relationship between exile and past, both magnified by the memories of childhood as well as tainted by the violence engendered by a dictatorship. Assuming that the migrant identity, as represented in their publications, is rooted in their displacement from their native land, this paper probes the links between exile, identity and memory.  Postulating that the age difference between Émile Ollivier and Dany Laferrière has an impact on the evolution of the forms of exile in their works, I also illustrate how their respective novels attest to an experience of dictatorship, exile and the difference in the adaptation work of memory proper to each of their generation.

Keyphrases: Émile Ollivier, Dany Laferrière, exil, exiliance, exile, memory, identity
Comportements sexuels problématiques : évaluation d'un modèle conceptuel axé sur les traits d'insensibilité émotionnelle

Sexual behavior problems (SBP) in children represent a complex issue both in terms of research and clinical intervention. The heterogeneity of children with SBP is a conceptual and methodological challenge. While research on the factors associated with SBP presented by children appears somewhat limited, there is some ground of belief in an association between SBP and callous-unemotional traits (e.g., superficial affect and lack of empathy and remorse). Few studies to date have explored this association, and none has focused specifically on children aged between 6 and 12 years old. These traits are important to consider because they are associated with the severity of aggression behaviors in youth and an increased resistance to intervention. Objectives. The main objective of this Masters’ thesis is to foster our understanding of the factors associated with the variety of SBP. Specifically, we want to understand if and to what extent callous-unemotional traits are associated with SBP. We have therefore proposed an adapted conceptual model that takes into account callous-unemotional traits. Method. Our sample consists of 90 parent-child dyads (M child’s age = 9.1 years ; SD = 2.2 ; 36.7% girls), who received psychotherapy services for SBP at the Marie-Vincent Center between 2006 and 2010. Participants completed an assessment battery including several instruments that reflect all the dimensions of the conceptual model. A score of callous-unemotional traits was derived from various instruments measuring children's behavior. A hierarchical linear regression model was developed to estimate the influence of callous-unemotional traits, taking into account the influence of the individual and family variables. Results. Results revealed that callous-unemotional traits were not associated with children's SBP when their externalized behaviors were taken into account. In addition, the presence of externalized behaviors and exposure to a combination of victimization experiences, excluding sexual victimization, were associated with the variety of SBP. There was also no significant association between sexual victimization and the variety of SBP. Conclusion. The results partially support the proposed conceptual model. Research with larger samples should be done to better understand the influence of callous-unemotional traits on SBP. The results suggest, however, that externalized behaviors and non-sexual victimization experiences are more important in explaining the variety of SBP of children referred for an intervention than sexual victimization.

Keyphrases: sexual behavior problems, SBP, callous-unemotional traits, CU traits, conceptual model, externalized behaviors, victimization experiences, children
Victimisation en contexte de délinquance, psychopathie et santé mentale chez les jeunes contrevenants

Context. Young offenders’ rates of mental health disorders and experiences of potentially traumatic events are particularly high when compared to the non-offending population.  While the association between potentially traumatic events experienced in childhood, such as abuse and neglect, and mental health problems in adolescence and in early adulthood is already well documented, it is otherwise for the association between potentially traumatic events experienced in the context of delinquency and mental health disorders. There is also no consensus yet on how individual characteristics, such as psychopathic personality, are likely to moderate these associations.   Objective. The general objective of this thesis is to probe the relationship between the experiences of potentially traumatic events in the context of delinquency, in this case victimization, and the mental health disorders symptoms in young offenders and to test the potentially moderating role of the psychopathic personality and its dimensions.   Methodology. The mental health disorders symptoms have been assessed using the MAYSI-2 screening tool (Grisso, Barnum, Fletcher, Carter and Peuschold, 2001), measuring alcohol-drug use, anger-irritability, depression-anxiety and suicidal thoughts. As for the psychopathy, it has been assessed using a self-report measure, the Self Report Psychopathy III-Short form (SRP-III-SF) (Paulhus et al., sous presse). Analyses were conducted within a sample of 200 young offenders between the ages of 14 and 25, of whom 54 were from an adult detention centre and 146 were from a youth centre.   Results. Regression analyses indicate that potentially traumatic events in the context of delinquency can explain a part of the variance of anger-irritability, depression-anxiety and suicidal thoughts scores and tend to confirm victimization in context of delinquency as a potentially traumatic event. Thus, only the affective and lifestyle dimensions of psychopathy have produced a significant interaction effect with victimization in context of delinquency in relation to the symptoms of depression-anxiety and suicidal thoughts. Specifically, the results indicate that young offenders’ mental health is more strongly affected by the experience of victimization in the context of delinquency on those with higher scores in these psychopathy dimensions.  The findings have implications for practice, revealing that some individual characteristics, such as callous-unemotional traits reported by young offenders, would sometimes be indicative of psychological distress.

Keyphrases: Victimization, Delinquency, Psychopathy, Mental health, Youth offenders
Gestion des attentes et cadrage chez les entraîneurs de la LNH : la saison 2016-2017 des Canadiens de Montréal

This thesis examines expectation management as performed by the two different head coaches of the Montreal Canadiens during the 2016-2017 season along with the frames used to this end. Knowing that 1) failure to meet expectations is a key factor in head coach dismissals (Humphreys et al., 2016) and that 2) the NHL has the highest turnover rate in North America for that profession (Zinser, 2008), the work environment of the fabled Montreal Canadiens appeared to provide fertile ground to address questions linked to those phenomena. Nearly all media interviews given by Michel Therrien and Claude Julien over a full season were studied through discourse analysis, using the concepts of expectation management and framing. Specifically, this thesis investigates whether coaches try to manage expectations and if certain modus operandi or tendencies can be extracted while compiling an inventory of frames used in this context. It was found that both head coaches displayed adroitness and idiosyncratic traits in expectation management and in framing reality. Claude Julien, for instance, was more self-contained than his predecessor in using the Stanley Cup frame. Frames that pertained to preparation, efforts and contingencies were most frequently used. Certain forms of denialism also appeared during successful spells while zones of tolerance proved to be quite useful in difficult times. This thesis should be viewed as an exploration of public expectation management in sports rather than a comprehensive picture as it explores a single season while drawing on no other research, non-existent it seems in this peculiar niche.

Keyphrases: disconfirmation, framing, expectation management, NHL, discourse analysis, Montreal Canadiens, media, head coach
Optimisation d’un générateur de microgouttelettes couplé à un appareil de spectrométrie de masse à plasma d’argon à couplage inductif (ICP-MS) pour l’analyse de nanoparticules

Whether synthesized in the laboratory for applications in nanotechnology or naturally formed by erosion, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, etc., the fate of metal nanoparticles in the environment is currently poorly understood. Indeed, their fate can include their dissolution, agglomeration, bioaccumulation, biotoxicity, bioavailability and mobility in natural systems. In order to better understand fate, one of the important parameters to consider is the concentration as well as the size distribution of the nanoparticles. Only a few robust analytical techniques exist that will allow the characterization of metallic nanoparticles at the low concentrations at which they are found in the environment. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) is gaining popularity for its speed, low detection limits and potential for isotopic analysis. Presently, liquid samples are generally injected, typically through a pneumatic nebulizer into a spray chamber that results in sample losses on the order of 94-98% since only a small amount of the sample will travel to the detector, while the rest goes to waste. The transport efficiency defines the proportion of sample that actually is measured by the detector and is an essential parameter for determining the concentration of nanoparticles in a sample. The difficulty of precisely calculating the transport efficiency is a known problem in the scientific literature. The variability of the transport efficiency during analysis can lead to very important inaccuracies in the determination of nanoparticle concentrations. The objective of this work was to overcome this problem by coupling a microdroplet generator (MDG) to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in order to significantly increase transport efficiency. To achieve this, it was necessary to optimize all of the parameters involved with the coupling of the microdroplet generator and the ICP-MS, including physical instrumentation, gas flow rates, droplet sizes, etc. Once optimized, nanoparticle standards of different sizes were analyzed to confirm that the introduction method was functional. The final step was to use the microdroplet generator as a method of introduction to analyze nanoparticles in an environmental matrix.

Keyphrases: Microdroplet generator, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Size distribution, Nanoparticles
Trifluorométhylthiolation par C-H activation et synthèse d’amines primaires en chimie en flux continu

This thesis is divided into two parts: primary amine synthesis from halides and Pd(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolation of C(sp3)-H bonds.  Both methods were developed in continuous flow chemistry.   Primary amines are important building blocks in synthetic chemistry. Therefore, numerous methods for the synthesis of primary amines have been developed. However, mono-alkylation of ammonia, is unreliable, as only modest yields are obtained, due to the poor nucleophilicity of ammonia and the formation of di- and tri-alkylated by-products. In this dissertation, flow chemistry has been used to develop a fast and efficient method for the direct amination of halides with ammonia. In addition, the methodology has been applied to an in-line synthesis showing the possibility for automated synthesis of various compounds.  There is a growing interest of the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries toward the SCF3 moiety, due to its high lipophilicity and electron-withdrawing character. On the other hand, C-H activation has proven to be an elegant way to functionalize a molecule in an atom- and step-economical fashion. Although C-S bond formation by C-H activation has been relatively underexplored, Pr Pannecoucke and colleagues have elaborated a Pd(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolation of non-activated C(sp3)-H bonds using a bidentate directing group. Unfortunately, in somes cases, the yields remained modest and long reaction times are needed. Using a continuous flow approach, the reaction proceeded 120–429 times faster and afforded the desired product with improved yields.

Keyphrases: amination, C-H activation, aminoquinoline, trifluoromethylthiolation, Flow chemistry, amination, halide
Étude ethnographique des stratégies sociojuridiques des professionnelles oeuvrant auprès des femmes en situation de violence domestique à Mumbai

This research focuses on the socio-legal response to domestic violence of the lawyers and social workers involved in Mumbai’s women’s movement. Its central aim is to understand the strategies and tactics they develop to give access to justice for women facing this type of violence. Due to the pluralist legal setting, the professionals interact with various normative systems in their everyday practice.   To understand the interactions between legal orders in the Indian context, the research starts by addressing the first order to which a woman is subject: kinship. Because domestic violence happens in a domestic setting, the roles and status she obtains within the family have an impact on her ability to access justice. In parallel, state law or formal law, through a series of reforms pushed by the women’s movement, also provides a framework for dealing with domestic violence. The civil and criminal provisions offer legal remedies for women facing this type of abuse. However, accessing justice in situations of domestic violence is complex for various reasons, such as the lengthy legal delays, the understanding of marriage and gender inside the family and society or even the preference for non-State or informal remedies in conflict resolution.   In response, a group of activists from Mumbai’s women’s movement has taken action to create a network of services geared towards abused women. Using a feminist approach, the lawyers and social workers develop strategies and tactics to give access to justice for women in situations of domestic violence. These professionals innovate constantly by implementing formal, informal and hybrid solutions. The diversity of strategies and tactics they develop illustrates not only the plurality and porosity of the law in the Indian context, but also the impact of the coexistence of different normative systems on their everyday practice.

Keyphrases: Mumbai, Legal Anthropology, Legal Pluralism, Access to Justice, Domestic Violence, Women's Rights, Strategies and tactics, Women's Movement, Law, Social Work, India
Tendances environnementales en Afrique de l’Est au Plio-Pléistocène : étude des isotopes stables de carbone et d’oxygène de l’émail des herbivores

The Awash Valley, the Turkana Basin and the lower Omo Valley of East Africa, rich in hominins, are three regions that have been particularly important in paleoanthropology for documenting our evolutionary history. The aim of this study is to better document the environmental context of hominins by analyzing herbivores’ enamel stable carbon and oxygen isotopic values of the fossil fauna of the lower Omo Valley, the Turkana Basins and the Awash Valley from 7.4 Ma to 10 Ka. Based on a compilation of published isotopic data, this approach allows us to compare aridity as well as changes in the proportion of woody plants (C3) and tropical grasses (C4). At 4.4 Ma, results show open settings at Aramis with presence of C3 vegetation in relatively mesic conditions. Thus, it is possible that Ardipithecus ramidus preferred a wooded biome in a somewhat open environment according to the carbon value of the ecosystem presented in this study. Also, results indicate a peak of a C3 diet toward 4 Ma in the Awash Valley and the Turkana Bassin that is coincident with a peak of aridity in both regions, suggesting the expansion of xeric C3 bushes. This signal of an increase of C3 biomass in xeric conditions, that coincide with the appearance of the firsts australopiths, reconciliate previous interpretations of a diet dominated by C3 plants while showing signs of an abrasive diet in Australopithecus anamensis. Moreover, data show that the lower Omo Valley is different from the other two regions in being particularly humid and indicate the presence of mesic C4 grasses after 3 Ma. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that precipitations do not always have the expected effect on changes in C3/C4 plants proportions.

Keyphrases: Bassin Omo-Turkana, Herbivores, Awash Valley, Omo-Turkana Basin, Environment, Hominins, Diet, Aridity
L’adaptation religieuse au contexte socioculturel : une église évangélique montréalaise

Evangelical Christianity in the Quebec context is shaped by various factors, including migratory movements, transnationalism, proselytizing, the evolution of the society and the growing individualization of religion in the modern era. Indeed, the case study I carried out in a Montreal Evangelical church reveals an effort of socio-cultural adaptation specific to the local context, particularly with respect to practice and community life. I show that these changes are not an isolated phenomenon but rather they take place in the context of a wider movement. They are influenced by the evolution of this religion in Quebec and are oriented to contribute to the growth of Evangelical Christianity in the local context.

Keyphrases: religion, inculturation, anthropology, sociocultural anthropology, Evangelical Christianity, Quebec, revitalization movements, syncretism
Vulnérabilité aux inondations et adaptation villageoise à Hanoi, Vietnam : opportunités et contraintes dans un contexte de périurbanisation rapide

In Vietnam, flooding adaptation in rural areas is inseparable from the informal actions taken by households at the micro-scale. However, the country’s ongoing urban transition puts major socio-economic and environmental pressure on these households and the rural communities to which they belong. Through the case study of a periurban village community of Hanoi, this thesis aims to understand how these pressures affect pre-existing populations’ vulnerability to flooding and their adaptive capacity. The analysis focuses on the micro-scale, an approach mostly used in rural studies in Vietnam. Applied to the periurban context of Hanoi, through questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews, this approach provides a more detailed and nuanced understanding of urbanization’s consequences on flooding vulnerability and adaptation. It reveals how households perceive their own vulnerability and the capacities that they have to reduce it in the current urban transition context. The analysis shows the periurbanization of Hanoi has differentiated impacts on livelihoods across the urbanizing village’s community. This influences the adaptive capacity of each household and the adaptation pathways they take. Some households benefit from new economic opportunities associated with urbanization to reduce their vulnerability and counterbalance the adverse effects of this phenomenon on flood exposure. Others are however forced to live in a deeper state of vulnerability exacerbated by their lack of financial resources and their livehoods’ precarity. Finally, the results suggest that adaptation opportunities observed in the present do not automatically constitute an adequate preparation in view of a future that will likely be marked by more acute climate change and urbanization pressures.

Keyphrases: adaptation, Hanoi, Vietnam, villages, flooding, climate change, vulnerability, periurbanization, urbanization
Musique et intégration à Montréal : le cas de l’Orchestra Rapsodia Româna

This thesis examines the musical productions of Romanian and Moldovan migrants in Montreal. It particulary investigates the reaffirmation of musicians’s ethnic identity through the symbolic production of what we have called « musical romanity ». We are aiming to underline the musical strategies established by migrants in their integration to a new cultural space. The overall objective of our work is to provide an ethnomusicological contribution to the field of inter-ethnic studies. In this perspective and under a qualitative approach we have met and interviewed the members of the Orchestra Rapsodia Română as well as recording and analysing some of their musical productions.     Our research allowed us to identify several elements linked to the observed phenomena. First, it appears that the migrant’s musical productions in the context of integration can be divided in three categories : internal, external and « in between ». We have established that the music of the Orchestra Rapsodia Română is linked to the internal dimension of the integration process. In that specific context we have observed that musicians with different profiles work togheter to musically produce what they judge an « authentic » Romanian ethnicity despite their divergences on how exactly it should be done. Hence, they solidify the links binding them in a « descent community » (Shelemay, 2011), that brings them « recognition » (Taylor, 2010). Based upon our analysis, this situation implies that musician’s appreciation criteria tend to evolve from what Molino (2009) would call technical and objective criteria to cognitive and functional criteria.

Keyphrases: Migration, cultural evolution, romanity, music