Utilisation des connaissances issues de la recherche en éducation
Validation d’un questionnaire et proposition d’un modèle

Research on knowledge transfer is growing rapidly. Numerous studies have shown that the use of research-based Knowledge (RBK) contributes to student academic success. However, it seems that teachers make little use of RBK. To improve RBI use, a model for explaining knowledge use needs to be developed. This model shows the mechanisms of knowledge transfer in the practice setting. It also helps to highlight the most influential factors and the arrangement of these different factors in order to promote a better use of RBK. This is the primary objective of the present thesis, specifically with regard to the field of education. To do so, a questionnaire on the use of research-based knowledge (QURBK) is validated and a model proposed. The first article in this thesis examines the reliability, validity and factor structure of the QURBI with a sample of French and English teachers in the disadvantaged sections of the population. The QURBK, which comprises 43 items, measures six dimensions: knowledge use, organizational factors, support strategies, user opinions, user expertise and frequency of access to knowledge sources. In all, 2270 teachers completed the questionnaire. The results of the various analyses indicate that the QURBK should be reduced to 20 items, grouped into five factors: knowledge use, user opinions, support strategies, user expertise and organizational factors. The second article in this thesis explores what model best explains RBK use. Two models are tested using the same sample considered in the first article. In the case of the first model, a direct link is postulated between knowledge use and factors that promote use: expertise, opinions, support strategies and organizational factors are thus directly linked to knowledge use. The second model, which is based on the theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour, postulates that the link between factors and use is not direct; certain factors have direct effects and others have indirect effects. Specifically, the model, named mediation model, suggests that expertise and opinion serve as mediators between the two independent variables (organizational factors, support strategies) on the one hand, and the dependent variable (knowledge use) on the other. Following analysis, it appears that the mediation model is helpful to better understanding of the use of research-based knowledge. This study was used to validate a questionnaire on the use of research-based Knowledge and allows the proposal of a model explaining RBK use, designed specifically for the field of education. As well, it provides tools (a validated questionnaire and a model) that could contribute to the greater use of research-based knowledge. As a matter of fact, the results of this research could be helpful to the decision makers in setting up knowledge transfer programs, which lead to better use of RBK, made for teachers. These results indicate on which factor one should act first in order to improve the use of RBI by secondary schools teachers in the disadvantaged sections of the population. After its validation, the present model could be used in other schools (for example in non-disadvantaged or in primary schools).

Keyphrases: analyses factorielles, knowledge transfer, factor analyses, structural equation modeling, mediation