NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Analyse comparative de la mortalité et de la morbidité par accident de la route au Québec et en Ontario, 2000 à 2010

Mortality and morbidity due to road accidents are less frequent in Ontario than in Quebec. The main objective of this study is to analyze the rates of Quebec mortality and morbidity to those of Ontario to determine the characteristics of road accidents that cause Quebec to register higher rates. To meet this main objective, comparative analyses and logistic regression are used.  The analyses show that several variables explain the differences between Quebec and Ontario. Age and sex of involved drivers and victims, category of road users, the severity and the time of the accident are all characteristics for which Quebec has higher mortality and morbidity rates than Ontario.  Laws on graduated licensing program are more restrictive in Ontario than in Quebec. Logistic regression is used to verify if those laws could have a positive impact if they were applied in Quebec. The results identify that the odds of being involved in a car accident during the night (between midnight and 5hAM) are higher in Quebec than in Ontario for drivers aged 18-24 years old, men, women and when there is no passenger or one or more aged between 16 and 24 years old only. The influence of the driver license is not shown to be a significant distinguishing factor in the comparison of the two provinces.  This research provides a comparative portrait of mortality and morbidity due to road accident in Quebec and Ontario to help reduce them in Quebec.

Keyphrases: Ontario, Mortality, Morbidity, Car accidents
L'usage du rapport présentenciel (RPS) par les juges dans un contexte de durcissement législatif

The purpose of this study is to understand whether and how the massive arrival of sentencing restrictions has altered the practice of pre-sentence report (PSR) by criminal court judges of the Court of Québec. Nine interviews were conducted with judges at the Court of Québec. The results show that pre-sentence report still seems to be useful and frequent in two specific contexts: when the maximum sentence is two years or less and in cases of a sexual offence. Results also reveal that all the judges of this study use the report in order to individualize the sentence, even if the individualization is done differently. In fact, the penal restriction context changes the judges’ underlying motivations for individualization, which evolve to a risk management one. Moreover, this study reveals that the arrival of penal restrictions brought new reasons of using RPS: to prepare files for constitutional challenge to mandatory sentencing and to decide the destiny of the charges regulated by mandatory sentence. Finally, Bourdieu’s (1990) theoretical concept of hysteresis provides an analytical framework to explain why judges maintain the use of PSR in sentencing restrictions context.

Keyphrases: Presentence report, Penal restriction, Mandatory minimum sentence, Professional practices, Sentencing, Individualization of the sentence, Hysteresis
Étude transversale descriptive de l'expérience au travail des infirmières québécoises

Aim:  The aim of this study was to identify profiles of nurses’ workplace experience in Quebec. Background: Nurses play a significant role in the healthcare system. Their workplace experience can have an impact on nurses themselves, as well as on patients and organizations, particularly in terms of quality of care and performance. Despite the importance of this experience, it remains an ambiguous concept with varying interpretations. Current studies do not fully appreciate the complexity of this concept, since its multiple dimensions are often considered in isolation. Drawing up a portrait of nurses’ workplace experience by integrating its multiple dimensions can provide decision-makers with better indications on the levers to be mobilized to generate positive results for nurses, patients, and organizations. Design: Cross-sectional descriptive. Methods: 891 nurses participated in this study by completing a self-administered questionnaire. Data collection took place during the month of April 2017. Four dimensions of nurses’ workplace experience were measured: the resources available to nurses in their work (work structure and processes), personal resources, demands (psychological and physical) placed on them, and the outcomes associated with their work. Descriptive and factorial analyses were used. Results: Three profiles of nurses’ workplace experience emerged from the factorial analyses: nurses in distress (low access to work resources, high psychological demands, negative outcomes), nurses in moderately favourable situations (moderate access to work resources, moderate psychological demands, positive outcomes), and nurses in favourable situations (high access to work resources, moderate psychological demands, positive outcomes). Conclusion: The study identified different profiles of nurses’ workplace experience that were distinguished according to nurses’ level of access to workplace resources, work demands, and outcomes. Healthcare managers could use the results of this study to improve the quality of nurses’ workplace experience by increasing nurses’ access to structural work resources and decreasing psychological demands.

Keyphrases: Administration des services infirmiers, Nursing administration, Nurses, Workplace experience
D’Un nouvel espoir (1977) à La Revanche des Sith (2005) : écriture musicale et traitement de la partition au sein du complexe audio-visuel dans la saga Star Wars

The singularity of the Star Wars saga stems from a paradox: the order of the trilogies’ film-making and the real chronology of the plot do not coincide. Lucas’s second trilogy (1999- 2005) was created “in reverse” from the first one (1977-1983), in a process of origins’ foundation and return to the roots of the saga. The scores of this gigantic dischronic cycle spanning over a long period of twenty-eight years are all composed by John Williams, a unique configuration in cinema history. This compositional consistency should theoretically establish the two trilogies as a coherent and unified whole, especially as George Lucas considers the six episodes as one single entity. Nevertheless, the hexalogy’s musical unity and the existence of a Star Wars music signature are far from self-evident, instead taking the form of an ideal devoid of real, solid foundations. By adopting a comparative cross-disciplinary approach and by resorting to different scales of analysis (episode, trilogy, saga), this dissertation aims to show in which ways the musical material, Williams’ compositional practice as well as the use and integration of the score within the audiovisual complex are subjected to profound transformations between the two trilogies. This research also questions how and to what extent these changes in Williams’s writing and the score’s treatment in the different episodes are related to the mutations of film techniques, especially those of the digital age. This dissertation implements a firm interdisciplinarity at the intersection of musical analysis, cinema and technology history, necessary to provide an in-depth analysis of such an object and to comprehend all its specific features with sharpness. Drawing on unreleased hand- written sources and personal interviews conducted with Williams’ main orchestrator, Conrad Pope, and his music editor, Kenneth Wannberg, our comparative approach is organized in three complementary lines of research: an examination of the evolution of Williams’ writing, a study of the treatment of his scores in the editing process, and an analysis of the relationship between music, dialogue and sound effects in the two trilogies.

Keyphrases: Star Wars, John Williams, George Lucas, Ben Burtt, Sound design, Saga, Musical analysis, Film music, Cinema, Editing, Technology, Digital age
Intégration pédagogique des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) en pédagogie médicale à l'Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar au Sénégal

Information and communication technology (ICT) has pride of place in the university arsenal of teaching tools. This thesis investigates how the University Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) in Dakar, Senegal strengthened their medical program by prescribing an ICT integration policy. Our objectives were to examine teachers’ perceptions of how ICT was integrated into the medical program, determine how the teachers used ICT, and assess what is needed for effective ICT integration. We considered three research questions. 1) How did the FMPO teachers perceive the ICT integration into the medical education? 2) How did the teachers use ICT? 3) What is needed for effective ICT integration? We used a mixed research methodology that combined a quantitative and qualitative approach to collect data from medical teachers who volunteered to participate in this research. In all, 70 teachers responded to the survey and 15 others were interviewed. Our findings on UCAD’s ICT integration policy and process contribute to the knowledge on ICT integration by highlighting signs of progress in an emerging research field, namely ICT integration into education. Although this topic has been relatively neglected in our universities, it has become increasingly relevant as ever more teachers, with or without proper training, use ICT for teaching. This calls for official university frameworks to support ICT integration. The needs analysis performed in this study could serve as a roadmap for policy makers and administrators.

Keyphrases: Information, Communication, Education, Formation, Technology, Information, Communication, Digital, Medical studies, Education, Training, Africa
Représentations sociales des enseignants et pratiques pédagogiques en contexte d'inclusion des étudiants en situation de handicap non visible au collégial

Over the past 15 years, the number of CEGEP students with neurological disorders or mental health problems has increased dramatically. The law requires educational institutions to implement services in order for students diagnosed with a disability to pursue their studies with accommodations that are lawfully appointed to them. This relatively new situation has teachers contending with challenges for which they are not necessarily prepared. In fact, specific training in education is not required to teach college. Moreover, the services currently offered are essentially student-oriented and do not take into account the needs of teachers. However, several studies show that the process of inclusion of students with disabilities cannot be achieved without the participation of teachers (Lombardi, Murray & Dallas, 2013). This study was conducted in eight colleges across Quebec. First, teachers were surveyed on their degree of agreement with pedagogical strategies inspired by the Universal Design for Instruction framework (Scott, McGuire & Shaw, 2003). Second, teachers were recruited from the survey respondents to participate in an interview about their teaching experience in the context of the inclusion of students with non-visible disabilities such as mental health disorders, language disorders, etc. The analyses of these interviews revealed the social representations constructed by these teachers about their work with students who have diversified profiles and whose characteristics can sometimes be atypical. The results of the statistical analyses indicate that pedagogical training, age and years of experience are factors that influence openness to a pedagogical approach marked by flexibility and openness to diversity. The analysis of social representations was carried out within the framework of the Central Core Theory (Abric, 2003). Based on a theoretical sample of nineteen interviews, it other factors also emerged. Thus, teachers who have positive perceptions of both students with disabilities and their own abilities to face the challenges of inclusion are more open to the survey proposals than their colleagues. The same is true of teachers who have values of openness, universalism and benevolence. Finally, teachers who display positive values and perceptions are also those most likely to use strategies that promote inclusion.

Keyphrases: Accommodements, Postsecondary inclusion, Student disability, Social representation, Universal design for instruction, Universal design for learning, College teacher, Accommodations
Les personnages féminins des blockbusters américains : représentations et rapports de pouvoir

Nowadays, American blockbusters are dominant cinematographic productions. Sciencefiction, as it is defined by that type of productions, is very popular, due to the advent of sagas and production studios as Marvel, DC Comics, Star Wars, Alien, Termination, etc. Men and super heroes’ representations are numerous in these productions. However, women and super heroines are less represented, which illustrate a relation of power between genders. It might be suspected that cinematographic productions’ representations create and convey discourses, but what are they? Are they hegemonic discourses? Normative and stereotype discourses? Feminist discourses? At the intersection between cultural studies, feminist studies and research-creation, this thesis focuses on women’s bodies representations in science-fiction blockbusters. Through an exploration of four characters, the representation process is studied as a tool allowing both to create and to question gender norms and stereotypes. Following interviews, this thesis also tries to understand women’s interpretations and perceptions of female representations in sciencefiction cinema. As part of a research-creation project, the data collected during interviews is gathered and analyzed through a fictional story, allowing an experimentation of the creative process methodology for academic purposes. Fiction, and representation, are studied through different points of view, through both exploration and creation.

Keyphrases: blockbusters, representation, norms, feminism, research-creation
Paradoxical commitments : Evangelicals, Muslims, and relational authenticity in the American Bible Belt

In the past decade, a movement among American evangelicals has emerged that is highly critical of fundamentalist theology and social conservatism. Recently, these evangelicals have garnered national attention through their perhaps unexpectedly positive outlook on immigration and religious diversity. This research focuses on an evangelical church in Nashville, Tennessee whose members seek “authentic relationships” with Muslim immigrants. I discovered that my informants’ moral inclination to evangelize their Muslim neighbours was complicated by their desire to acknowledge and respect religious diversity. Paradoxically, they articulated their respect for religious otherness as the most effective means by which to evangelize in the long term. In this thesis, I describe these competing commitments—evangelism, on the one hand, and the acceptance of difference on the other—as a paradoxical situation called a double bind (Bateson 1972). I observed that for my informants, living double bound can contribute to significant changes in religious beliefs and social behaviour as they recognized and attempted to navigate different levels of sociability, namely between their in-group values and norms of religious exclusivism and the perceived values and norms of religious pluralism in their broader social context. Some epistemological issues in the anthropological study of religious pluralism are discussed.

Keyphrases: Immigration, Anthropology of Christianity, Evangelicals, Inter-religious relations, Authenticity, Cosmopolitanism, Pluralism, Conviviality, Immigration, United States
Roche, papier, relique :  une approche biographique et comparative de la consécration des images de Bouddha en Birmanie

This thesis is about the consecration of Buddha images in Myanmar, i.e. what makes the difference between a « simple image » and an image considered efficient for worship. Through a « biography of things », this research follows the journey of a stone carved Buddha image from the quarry to the shrine. Moreover, a comparative perspective is added to include printed images (stickers, posters, etc.) in order to isolate some relevant variables at stake in the consecration process. The goal is to show that if the ritual consecration is important, it is of tantamount importance to contextualize it in a larger chain of semiotic events. By following the production, the circulation, the trade and the practices involved around these images, some discursive, aesthetic and praxical features have been isolated as participating to the consecration. Hence a processual conception of the consecration is proposed, to complement the more commonly admitted one stating the ritual as sole performative act able to change the status of a Buddha image. The semiotic dispositive that emerged from this analysis is mostly indexical, meaning the character of contiguity, of contact, that a sign (the image) shares with its object (Buddha). It appears then that what gives an image its legitimacy, inside and outside the ritual, is its capacity the beholder has to infer a « vector of proximity » between it and the historical Buddha. This explanation allows us to link the consecration ritual to larger semiotic ideologies about likeness, materiality and performativity.

Keyphrases: Materiality, Likeness, Semiotics, Performativity, Visual Culture, Myanmar, Buddha image, Object biography, Ritual
Habiter et aménager l'espace au Nunavik : le rôle de la mobilité dans l'appropriation sociale et culturelle de l'environnement bâti du village d'Aupaluk

Recent transformations of the built environment in Nunavik (from 1950 to the present day) have made it possible to highlight the Inuit's effort to express their relationship with the territory through a new political and economic framework. Even if the provincial and federal governments' investments in sociosanitary conditions have strongly contributed to the emergence of villages as privileged places of daily life, the inhabitants continue to maintain and redefine mobility on their territory. By being attached to a specific mode of geographical knowledge, hunting activities and general mobility on their territory persist as strong identity values (Collignon, 1996). It thus emerges that the village and the territory exist as two spaces embodying values that can sometimes be contradictory and/or complementary. This is not only reflected in the organization of the built and institutional framework of the Inuit, but also in their lifestyle (Collignon, 2006, Gombay, 2010, Martin, 2003). As mentioned by Augustin Berque, successful development takes into account the reciprocal and dialectical relationship between a natural environment and a human environment (Berque, 2010). In the context of a reflective modernity in Nunavik (Martin, 2003), the role of space planning and the built environment in northern communities is paramount. Ultimately, this paper seeks to understand how the Inuit design, build and inhabit their contemporary spaces.

Keyphrases: Space, Territory, Urban planning, Cultural geography, North, Aupaluk, Anthropology of dwelling
¿La voz de Pablo, la voz del pueblo? Pablo Escobar y el populismo

This research paper reflects on why certain poor neighborhoods in Medellin decided to back Pablo Escobar in the conflict between him and the Colombian state in the 1980s. This situation has been typically explained using one or a combination of the following factors: Escobar’s capacity to provide poor citizens with goods and services as a material foundation for his support, the coercive power of his criminal organization, and his ability to manipulate his followers.  The analysis presented here, in turn, proposes a novel and complementary approach, as it frames the issue using the concept of populism. Furthermore, given the particular characteristics of the research subject, the discursive perspective on populism has been considered as the most appropriate to carry out this case study.    Along those lines, this thesis focuses not only on the subject’s written discourse, but also on the context in which it was produced and how it was received by his partisans. This study’s findings illustrate the populist nature of Escobar’s discourse and highlight its links to the support he received from poor neighborhoods in his city, allowing for a better understanding of the empathy and backing he succeeded in cultivating in certain areas of his hometown.

Keyphrases: Pablo Escobar, Discours, Populism, Colombia, Drug trafficking, Discourse, People
Le rapport d’usagers de maisons d’hébergement en santé mentale à leur environnement immédiat : une étude socio-écologique

During his life, one in five Canadians will suffer from a mental illness, diagnosed or not, according to the data of the mental health action plan (2015-2020). Furthermore, mental disorders constituting the “13 % of the total load of morbidity at the world level” in 2004 (WHO, 2013), are intended to represent the main cause of morbidity in 2030 (Fleury and Attic, on 2012).  In response to these observations, numerous plans, at a national and international levels, have been implemented, and underline the urgency of new care solutions but also housing solutions for people diagnosed with a mental health disorders. Because the concept of housing is very large and includes not only the residential structure as such, but also its immediate environment, it is essential to perceive it in all its complexity. Investigating the functioning of persons with mental illness in the contexts of their housing and the surroundings of it, becomes a major stage of the mental health-housing research agenda. Considering, as WHO already advanced, that the environment is one of the health, determinants, mental health included, we are interested in the study of the trajectories of the residents of mental health housing to answer the following research question: What relationship do residents of mental health housing establish with their living environment and their neighborhood?  Understanding how these people use the space, appropriate the space, move around it, but also which obstacles and which supports they find there, helps us to determine the best interventions on the territory to make, as much as possible, the environment favorable to the health and the well-being.  To answer our research problem, we designed a methodological two-phase plan and we implemented it in 4 mental health supported houses. Initially, 14 residents answered at 26 open questions during a structured individual interview, at the end of which they drew a mental map of their neighborhood. Then, we organized 4 focus groups, one in each supported house, involving all the participants of the first phase which live there.  Our body of data allowed us to suggest a few recommendations for choosing the new implantation sites for mental health housing. These recommendations concentrate on four aspects of the immediate environment, whether spatial or social: local services, public transportation, natural elements and community.  Our conclusions allow a more comprehensive look of the immediate environment surrounding the mental health supported houses, because the perspectives and experiences of their users are directly considered. Consequently, our recommendations provide the decision makers with an additional tool in the process of selection of the new implantation sites.  Finally, we encourage research to deepen the effects of the environmental features emerged from this study, on the well-being of the residents living in supported mental health houses.

Keyphrases: Space appropriation, Practices of space, Mental health, Mental health housing, Mental health residents