NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Rôle de la GTPase ARF6 dans l'invasion des cellules du muscle lisse vasculaire

In the pathological setting of atherosclerosis, vascular smooth muscle cells are characterized by an increased proliferation and migration. Stimulation of these cells with Angiotensin II (Ang II) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) usually promotes this abnormal migration. However, this phenotype alone is not sufficient for VSMCs to migrate through surrounding tissues and infiltrate the blood vessels’ intima. VSMCs must also be able to degrade extracellular matrix components and acquire the cellular structures necessary for invasion. The migration of VSMCs to the intima is responsible for the growth of the atherosclerotic plaque which leads to numerous complications. Preliminary data has shown that growth factors and hormones can cause the invasive phenotype of VSMCs. Our group has demonstrated that the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) could regulate the phenotypic remodeling of VSMCs and, by extension, their proliferative and migrative capacities. During this study, we will examine the importance of ARF6 in the formation of important invasive cellular structures as well as matrix metalloproteinases activation in human VSMCs. First, we have discovered and defined the connection between agonist stimulation and the activation of the small GTPase ARF6. We have also studied the impact of ARF6 depletion on cellular invasion following PDGF or Ang II stimulation. We have accomplished this using two methods commonly employed to analyze cellular invasion: Gelatine-based matrix degradation assays analyzed by microscopy and invasion assays on Matrigel in Boyden chambers. Lastly, we have tried to uncover the mechanistic behind this invasive phenotype observed in human VSMCs. To summarize, we have demonstrated the importance of ARF6 in growth factors and hormone-induced cellular invasion and we have hypothesized that this activity is mediated by the activation of the MAPK or PI3K signaling pathways. The further characterization of these cellular mechanisms could lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies in atherosclerosis.

Keyphrases: ARF6, PDGF, Invasion, Smooth muscle cell, Atherosclerosis, Degradation
Implantation d’un dépistage des difficultés sexuelles auprès d’une clientèle en réadaptation suivant un accident vasculaire cérébral : une étude de faisabilité.

Objectives: Examine the factors that could affect the implementation of a Sexual Difficulty Screening tool (SDS) in stroke rehabilitation, the clients’ needs regarding sexual rehabilitation and related professional roles with clinicians. Methodology: A mixed research design was used in a rehabilitation hospital, where the SDS was implemented for four months. The number of times the SDS was administered and the clinicians' level of comfort in addressing sexuality before and after implementation were measured. The perceived factors influencing the implementation, as well as clients’ needs and professional roles, were gathered through interviews and group discussions with five stroke clients, 15 clinicians and a coordinator. Results: The SDS was used 28 times during the study. The clinicians' level of comfort improved significantly (p = 0.001) post-implementation. The influencing factors were grouped into four themes: the acceptability of the SDS, the individual characteristics of participants, the context of the rehabilitation hospital and the implementation process. Clients’ needs were variable, from the absence of rehabilitation needs to the need for more information regarding sexuality and a safe environment to experiment their own sexuality. Occupational, physical and speech therapists reported they could contribute to sexual rehabilitation post-stroke but emphasized the importance of an interdisciplinary approach. Conclusion: Several types of factors, some of which could be modified, influenced the implementation of the SDS. Clients’ sexual rehabilitation needs and clinicians’ professional contribution have been clarified. Training and access to specialized sexuality resources would be important for supporting clinicians in future studies on the subject.

Keyphrases: Sexuality, Stroke, Knowledge translation, Implementation, Mixed methods, Rehabilitation, Screening
Caractéristiques de la marche avec et sans l’envie pressante d’uriner chez la femme âgée chuteuse avec ou sans incontinence.

Aims: The fall rate in urinary incontinent (UI) older women is higher when compared that with continent women. One hypothesis is that a strong desire to void (SDV) could alter gait parameters and therefore increase the risk of falls. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of SDV on gait parameters in incontinent and continent older women who experienced falls. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship between UI severity and gait parameters in incontinent women. Methods: A quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted with two groups of healthy community-dwelling women who experienced at least one fall in the last year: continent (n=17; age: 74.1 ± 4.3) and urgency UI and mixed UI women (n=15; age: 73.5 ± 5.9). We recorded, analyzed and compared spatiotemporal gait parameters for participants in each group with both SDV and no desire to void condition. Results: Reduced velocity (p=0.05) and stride width (p=0.02) were observed in both groups with SDV. An increased incontinence severity was correlated with reduced velocity (rs=-0.56, p=0.03) and increased stride length variability (rs=0.54, p=0.04) in SDV condition. An increased incontinence severity was correlated with reduced velocity (rs=-0.63, p=0.01), increased stance time (rs=0.65, p=0.01) and stance time variability (rs=0.65, p=0.01) in no desire to void condition.  Conclusions: SDV alter gait parameters regardless of continence status. Further, UI severity was correlated to gait parameters that constitute a risk of falling.

Keyphrases: Older women, Urgency, Urinary incontinence, Falls, Patiotemporal gait parameters, Community-­‐dwelling, Bladder sensation
Incorporation économique et participation transnationale : étude de la migration palestinienne à la ville de Guatemala

Even though they settled in one of the most inegalitarian countries in Latin America, Palestinian immigrants in Guatemala City have successfully managed to progress economically. Wholesale trade of textile products made their success possible, an economic activity mainly conducted in the 18th and 19th street and 6th avenue of Zone 1 (an urban-commercial zone dedicated to the sale of imported products). With the data collected from several Palestinian wholesale traders, I found that migrants have incorporated to the Guatemalan economic system through an “immigrant enclave” (Portes et Böröcz 1989; Portes et Manning 2013): they control a distinctive commercial niche (fabrics and clothing) and their stores are all located in the same geographical area. The success of their activities depends solely on their networks and the solidarity that prevails among members of the group.  At the same time their economic success has allowed them to carry out a variety of transnational practices (Itzigsohn et Giorgulli 2002). Palestinians build strong connections beyond the borders of Guatemala and contribute to the economic transformation of their homeland. As we will see, based on the case of the Palestinians, the social processes of economic incorporation and transnational participation are closely articulated with commercial activities. These processes can be sequential and are sometimes interdependent.

Keyphrases: Migration, Palestine, Guatemala, Anthropology, History, Economic incorporation, Transnationalism, Networks, Latin America, Middle East
Le véganisme au Québec : cartographie d'un mouvement

In the context of growing interest in veganism and animal advocacy in Western countries, the research focuses on the current vegan movement in Quebec. Far from being only an individual-level practice, veganism in Quebec is led by collective actors such as grassroots groups, non-profit organizations and charities. These organizations both advocate for animal rights and promote a plant-based diet for health and environmental reasons. We will define the movement’s structure and boundaries at an organizational level, using network analysis, and showing a fragmented structure. The research will then assess some constituent parts of the movement’s collective identity, centered around abolishing animal exploitation. This collective identity is embodied in various non-violent and often legal actions targeting dominant culture (i.e., the normalized consumption of animal products) and the legal and political spheres. Yet, the movement is still relatively absent on the conventional political scene.

Keyphrases: Cause animale, Veganism, Social movement, Lifestyle movement, Network analysis, Collective identity, Animal advocacy
Les limites imposées aux minorités sexuelles comme symptôme d’un projet de pouvoir au Brésil : le cas Queermuseu

In a context of social upheaval and deep political polarization between left and right, the 2018 presidential election in Brazil confirmed a significant increase of conservatism in Brazilian society that led to the rise of the far-right, whose political campaign was based on a conservative anti-LGBTQ rhetoric. As a result, hostile demonstrations against sexual minorities have gained prominence, including conservative protests against the Queermuseu, a queer art exhibition, in 2017. However, this situation reveals a certain contradiction in Brazil, where despite the constant oppression caused by the increase of conservatism, the LGBTQ community is granted a certain number of rights and protections in public policies. Thus, this study proposes an analysis of the political and historical circumstances that led to the hostility toward this exhibition as a means to better understand the aspects of this contradictory situation and the mechanisms of the variety of conservatism that has developed in Brazil. Moreover, a comparison between the polemics around the Queermuseu and a similar case that took place in the United States during the 2010 exhibition HIDE/SEEK, presented at the National Portrait Gallery, helps us understand how controversies around moral norms can be exploited to the benefit of conservative politicians. The information gathered reveals the existence in Brazil of a political conservatism that is closely linked to a religious current that, in a quest for power in the political arena, acts strategically through evangelical churches that constantly oppose the claims of the LGBTQ community.

Keyphrases: LGBTQ, Queermuseu, Brazil, Queer art, Religious power, LGBTQ, Queermuseu
Évaluation de la vulnérabilité des infrastructures essentielles interdépendantes dans la métropole de Yaoundé : s’appuyer sur l’expérience de Montréal pour proposer une méthodologie adaptée aux métropoles de l’Afrique subsaharienne.

For about fifteen years, Montréal Polytechnique Center for Risk & Performance (CRP) has implemented a socio-technical decision support tool called DOMINO. DOMINO has been used extensively in Montreal and Quebec City to effectively improve the management of inter-related critical infrastructure (IEI) in these cities. Our study begins to reflect on the implementation and use of DOMINO in the context of a metropolis in sub-Saharan Africa such as Yaounde. This builds on the experience of the CRP and raises issues related to its adaptability, transferability and applicability. Indeed, it is a metropolis with urbanistic, socio-economic, political and technical characteristics very different from those of Canada. In this study, we explored the issues related to the functional and geographic interdependence of critical infrastructure. It allowed us to characterize the stakeholders and to show the need for them to create or reinforce the collaboration between them, in order to be able to use optimally the tool to implement. We propose a governance structure of an area of cooperation that takes into account the political, institutional, cultural, technical and temporal factors, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the actions implemented. Such a study gave us the opportunity to reflect on the link between the CRP's approach and urban planning practices. This is by examining the function of the cooperation space as a coordination space for urban stakeholders and by carrying out a reflexive work on the role and positioning of an urban planner in the implementation of digital technology. We answered our specific research question, which is to know if the DOMINO tool can help to create a space of cooperation bringing together the public and private partners responsible for the interdependent essential infrastructures of the Yaounde metropolis?

Keyphrases: DOMINO, inter-related critical infrastructure, Cooperation space, Yaounde
L’appropriation d’une nouvelle technologie au sein de la police : le cas de la caméra corporelle

For several years, police services have undergone significant changes in governance. These changes include the introduction of private sector management practices in the public sector. This introduction has encouraged public institutions, such as the police, to become more creative in order to achieve their different goals set by the government. In order to achieve this, many of these public institutions have chosen to adopt more technology. Thus, the study of technological impacts on the police environment has grown significantly in recent years. Nevertheless, we still know very little about how the police appropriate these technologies. This study is interested in understanding the impacts of the introduction of a new technology within a police service, particularly on the social, cultural and political dimensions through the appropriation of this technology by police officers. To do this, we use 20 interviews of a pilot project on the body camera of a large municipal police service. The results suggest the presence of several impacts and challenges regarding the wearing of the body camera, notably by the presence of unexpected results on ergonomic issues, issues related to police work, media issues and legal issues. The results also suggest the presence of different impacts on the relational dynamics of the police either with the citizens, their colleagues and their hierarchy. The results also suggest that the majority of police interviewees agree that the body camera brings more disadvantages than benefits to police work. Thus, in the face of these perceived constraints, this research makes it possible to demonstrate that the police did not remain passive when faced with the introduction of the body camera and that they appropriated the body camera.

Keyphrases: Appropriation, Police, Technologie, Body-worn camera, Technology, Resistance
Cathédrales, une approche immersive à la composition d'une musique spatialisée en 3D : intentions, stratégies et réceptions

The immersive sound experience is often associated with sound spatialization. But the immersive phenomenon is rather complex and reducing it to the sole usage of a technical device does a disservice to our appreciation of its multiple causes in terms of a work’s reception. This memoir presents a research-creation project, entitled Cathédrales, that aims to better understand the reception of an intentionally immersive 3Dspatialized acousmatic music. This work focuses on the adopted compositional strategies and their effects, with regard to initial intentions and the analysis of comments made by listener participants. The first three chapters present the concepts underlying the creative process for the works Ville Aux Cent Clochers ("City of a hundred bell towers") and Réverbérence ("Reverberence"). The first chapter clarifies the meaning of sound immersion from the outset, from its more general understanding to its more specific meanings; the second chapter then presents immersion under the scope of a natural narratology of music; while the third chapter integrates such narrative approach within the language of a "cinema for the ear", while adapting it to the multidirectional context of the sound diffusion medium. In the fourth chapter are presented the two parts composing Cathédrales ("Cathedrals") : I. Ville Aux Cent Clochers and II. Réverbérence. After introducing the concept of the work as a whole, the intentions and strategies that are more specific to each part of the work are then exposed. Finally, the fifth chapter presents the results of two case studies on the reception behaviors of multiple participants listening to spatialized music over a loudspeakers dome. Aesthesic analysis arising from these surveys allows to provide different conceptual categories of the immersive sound experience. Such categorization may eventually serve to schematize the effects of certain compositional strategies, in combination with the usage of a particular technological device, on the reception of 3D spatialized music.

Keyphrases: composition, Sound immersion, 3D-spatialized music, Acousmatic music, Sound spatialization, Natural narratology, Cinema for the ear, Music and narration, Spatial music analysis, Listening reception behaviours
Expériences d’apprentissage de jeunes adultes ayant reçu une greffe de cellules souches dans la gestion de leurs symptômes

Hematological diseases, such as leukemia and lymphoma, are among the most common forms of cancers that can affect young adults. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a common intervention to treat blood-related cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma. However, an allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) can provoke many acute and chronic symptoms. Young adult cancer survivors are expected to develop expertise to self-manage these symptoms. Yet little is known about their self-management experiences.  The purpose of this study was to describe self-management learning experiences of young adults (18-39 years old) following ASCT. An interpretive qualitative descriptive design (Thorne, 2016) was conducted with seven young adults who had undergone an ASCT (n=7, mean 26 years old, mean 14,71 months post-ASCT).  The results suggest that learning self-management expertise following ASCT is progressive and was described into a five-level process with distinct characteristics. Certain factors could positively or negatively affect the learning process and hence the development of this self-management expertise. In addition, our results indicate that young adults developed body awareness (interoceptive ability) related to their symptoms. This ability allows young adults to adapt their self-management strategies and promote better control of their symptoms.  Finally, various recommendations were made to promote self-management in young adults who have undergone an ASCT, including educational interventions

Keyphrases: cancer, Self-management, autonomy, young adults, leukemia, stem cell transplant, interoceptive ability
Morsures canines et expositions à la rage au Nunavik : épidémiologie, gestion et différences liées à l'âge

In Nunavik, arctic fox rabies is still endemic and dog bites represent a considerable source for human exposure, nevertheless, we are lacking scientific evidence to guide management and prevention strategies in this particular socio-cultural context.   In the present study, we analyze cases of declared animal bites that were reported to the Nunavik Regional Health Board (NRHB) from 2008 to 2017, taking into account the specific and global context, as well as the differences between children and adults in order to retrieve accurate, contextual and reliable information to guide future control and prevention strategies. Over the ten year period, 320 cases of animal related injuries were reported with an important increase during the study period. Over 90% of these cases involved dogs. The annual incidence was higher than previously reported in other regions in Canada and the United States (US). The spatial distribution, for potential human exposures to rabies as well as animal rabies cases, was different between the villages of Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay.  Two main victim profiles have emerged through the analysis, namely children under 15 years old (y/o) who were most likely to be exposed in the head and neck, mostly during play and young male adults through activities such as mushing and hunting; these differences should be considered and targeted in prevention strategies as risk factors. During the study period, 15 rabid animals were identified. Although positivity rate was higher among wildlife, most confirmed human exposures occurred with a dog (60%). These results sustain the importance of dog bites as a public health issue in Inuit communities of Nunavik and highlight the need for preventive approaches that are adapted to the context.

Keyphrases: Nunavik, Inuit, bite, dog, exposure, rabies, Public Health, management, prevention
Impact of asthma education and/or specialized asthma care on subsequent morbidity in asthmatic children

Background: Randomized controlled trials have shown that asthma education alone or in combination with medical review reduces the risk of subsequent emergency department (ED) visits. Nevertheless, asthma education and specialized care often provided in different settings, which increases the implementation burden in clinical practice. Objectives: In children referred to the Asthma Education Centre (AEC) following an ED visit for asthma, the primary objective was to evaluate the real-life individual and combined impact of an AEC visit and specialized asthma care (SAC) visit on a subsequent ED visit for asthma over the following year. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of children referred to the AEC in the year following an ED visit for asthma. The time to subsequent ED visit for asthma was analyzed by a Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying exposures (AEC and SAC). Results: Compared to the children who did not receive any of the exposures, those who had exposure to AEC alone [Hazard Ratio (HR) =0.68, CI 95% 0.53-0.86] or with SAC (HR=0.43, CI 95% 0.34-0.53) had a decreased risk of an earlier subsequent ED visit. Exposure to SAC alone did not have a statistically significant effect on a subsequent asthma visit for asthma Conclusion: In a cohort of children referred to the AEC following an ED visit for asthma, receiving asthma education with or without specialized care was associated with protection against a subsequent ED visit for asthma.

Keyphrases: asthma, children, education, specialized care, specialist