NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Liens prédictifs entre les traits de personnalité et l’alliance parentale : une comparaison des mères et des pères

It has been theorized that personality has implications in both parenting behaviours and the extent to which parents are willing to collaborate in order to respond to a child’s changing needs (Abidin, 1992 ; Belsky, 1984 ). However, few studies examined the relationship between parent’s personality traits and their parenting alliance (Jacobson et al., 1995; Stright et Bales, 2003). This study focused on three objectives.  The first aim was to examine the influence of parent’s personality traits on his own perception of the parenting alliance. The second objective was to verify if the partner’s personality traits predicted the perception of the parenting alliance of the other parent. Lastly, the study aimed to identify potential sexual differences in the predictive relations between personality traits and parenting alliance. Data was collected using a sample of 170 mothers and fathers of children aged 24 to 48 months, living in the Montreal area, who completed self-report questionnaires. The results of this study show that high agreeableness in mothers and high emotional stability in fathers were linked to better perception of the parenting alliance. Furthermore, spouse’s high agreeableness predicted higher parenting alliance scores, for both parents. Compared to father’s agreeableness, mother’s agreeableness is significantly a better predictor of father’s perception of the parenting alliance. Also, when mother’s and father’s scores were compared, none of the partner’s personality traits emerged as a more significant predictor of the parenting alliance as perceived by mothers. This study provides evidence that some parent’s characteristics are important in understanding how they perceive the cooperation with their spouse in regard to parenting.

Keyphrases: Parents, Parenting alliance, Personality traits, Cross-sectional study
Violence au travail en protection de la jeunesse : fonctionnement au travail selon le rôle de genre et l’intervention post-traumatique reçue

Background: Youth protection is a work environment with high risks for various forms of violence, such as physical violence and threats. These may impact many aspects workplace functioning, including professional quality of life, absenteeism, presenteeism and confidence in coping with patient aggression. Two post-traumatic interventions are available after a violent event to workers in Quebec's youth protection centers: the peer support program and the usual intervention (a reference to the employee assistance program). Although peer support has been identified as a protective factor after workplace violence, no study has yet evaluated the efficacity of the peer support program to improve work functioning. Similarly, gender identity is a factor which can influence the impacts of workplace violence and impact social support seeking. However, the role of gender identity in the recovery of youth protection workers following workplace violence remains unknown. Objective: This study aims to: (1) examine if sex and gender identity will influence whether a victim will choose the partake in the peer support program or the usual intervention, (2) examine the association between workplace functioning and gender identity over time, (3) assess the effectiveness of the peer support program in improving work functioning following workplace violence, (4) evaluate how gender identity moderates the impact of the peer support program on work functioning following workplace violence. Methodology: This study used a quasi-experimental longitudinal design and included 173 participants from two Youth Protection Services, 85% are women and 15% are men. Participants completed validated questionnaires to measure work functioning and gender identity at four measurement points: up to one month, two months, six months and 12 months following workplace violence. Results: Masculinity was associated with the choice of the usual intervention over the peer support program [F = (1, 97) = 8.69; p = 0.004]. High levels of femininity can reduce presenteeism [F = (3, 162) = 5.04; p = 0.00] and confidence in coping with patient aggression varies over time for feminine individuals [F = (3, 151) = 3.89; p = 0.01]. The use of the peer support program can increase absenteeism one month after the workplace violence [χ2 (3) = 8.93 (P = 0.03)]. Low and average levels of femininity were associated with the increase of absenteeism for the victims who had chosen the peer support program one month and one year after the workplace violence [χ2 (3) = 9.55 (P = 0.02)]. Implication: Peer support allows individuals with low levels of feminity to take time off for their well-being, so it can prevent presenteeism which can affect their interventions. Preventive measures should be put in place to help victims according to their gender identity.

Keyphrases: intervention post-traumatique, Workplace violence, Youth protection services, Work functioning, Gender identity, Peer social support, Post-traumatic intervention
Interaction entre l’effet différentiel du sexe et l’effet modérateur du soutien social perçu sur la santé mentale des travailleurs en Protection de la Jeunesse victimes de violence au travail

Background. Workplace violence is part of the people working for Youth Protection's daily lives due to the vulnerable population served. The exposure of workplace violence is linked to psychological consequences such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. Among the factors that influence the development of the different mental health symptoms, social support is known to be one of the strongest predictors of PTSD. Most recent studies also reveal the importance of measuring social support's quality (positive or negative) to understand how it can impact workers. Finally, some studies also show that workplace violence reactions might vary depending on the victim's gender.  Objectives. The main objective of that study is to measure if the quality of social support impacts the development and evolution of the symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression. The secondary objective is to explore if the sex of the participants can moderate the association between social support and the previously measured symptoms.  Methods. A sample of 150 Youth Protection workers answered self-reported surveys that examine their evolution four times over 12 months. Mixed linear models have been used to analyze the development of PTSD, anxiety's and depression's symptoms according to the quality of social support and then the sex of the participants.  Results. First, positive social support wasnegatively linked to depression's symptoms. Workers who perceived their social support being positive had fewer symptoms. For negative social support, it was linked to PTSD, anxiety and depression. Finally, the difference between men and women was only measured for PTSD. Men had more symptoms than women, although they benefit more from positive social support than women.  Conclusion. This study confirms the importance of measuring the quality of social support on workplace violence victims to understand its impact on psychological consequences better. Also, the sex seems to be a moderator only for PTSD's association with workplace violence.

Keyphrases: Workplace violence, Youth protection, Child welfare, Workers, Post-traumatic disorder, Anxiety
Étude des propriétés de diffusion des défauts ponctuels dans les alliages à haute entropie à l’aide de la technique d’activation-relaxation cinétique

High-entropy alloys are a novel class of materials discovered recently and demonstrating promising physical and mechanical properties. These single-phase solid solutions present a high hardness, a great resistance to corrosion, a good resistance to ion radiation damages and a stable phase even at high temperature. For these reasons they have attracted the attention for numerous potential uses, notably in the next generation of nuclear reactors. In this thesis, we study the diffusion of point defects in the 55Fe-28Ni-17Cr alloy. This kind of defect being very frequently created by irradiation in nuclear reactors. We will also use the occasion of having an alloy with a complex microstructure to add and test a method of computing the transition rate globally and locally based on the computation of the prefactor of the harmonic Transition State Theory (hTST). These additions will be made in the kinetic Activation-Relaxation Technique, a kinetic Monte Carlo method that will be used to study the diffusion of point defects in the alloy. We demonstrate that there is an important discrepancy between the rate computed with and without the hTST that can lead to an error in the computed diffusion properties of defects. We also show that the prefactor obeys an anti Meyer-Neldel compensation law. The local method to compute the prefactor is then studied and proven to be able to reproduce the global rate for a large number of events.

Keyphrases: Diffusion, High-entropy alloy, Diffusion, Defects, Kinetic Monte-Carlo, Transition State Theory, Prefactor
Heidegger and Gadamer's appropriation of Aristotelian Phronesis

The present study aims at examining the interpretation of phronesis conducted by two central figures in twentieth-century German philosophy, namely Martin Heidegger and his student Hans-Georg Gadamer. The impetus for the following project comes from a general interest in the study of the alternatives to the technoscientific model of knowledge. Seeing as both philosophers took up the concept of phronesis, we deemed it as an interesting point of departure for an analysis of both their philosophies. In effect, we want to put into relief the reasons that motivated both thinkers to turn to the concept of phronesis and thereafter clarify the ramifications of their reappropriation of this Aristotelean concept in the development of their thought. The present study is divided in two chapters, each of which addresses the reappropriation of phronesis. The first chapter is an in-depth examination of the use of phronesis by Martin Heidegger, specifically with respect to his earlier lectures. The second chapter is also an examination of Gadamer’s reappropriation of phronesis in connection to both his conception of hermeneutics and ethics. The last section of this project is devoted to a comparative analysis between Heidegger and Gadamer’s reappropriation of phronesis. Our study reveals that Gadamer followed closely the lead of his teacher, while at the same time making the concept of phronesis his own by integrating it in his quest for a more genuine conception of the Geisteswissenschaften, and in his substantial development of hermeneutics.

Keyphrases: Phronesis, Aristotle, Heidegger, Gadamer, hermeneutics, Ontology, Ethics, Aristote
Perspectives féministes de l’éthique du care en philosophie de l’asile

This thesis offers an analysis of the ethical and political issues at play in contemporary refugee crises in the light of the feminist ethics of care. It presents a methodological critique of the predominant approaches in liberal political philosophy: due to a lack of empirical considerations, it tends to hide concrete issues experienced by refugees. Moreover, liberal political philosophy does not offer adequate normative tools to establish responsibility for refugees. In light of this, I argue that the ethics of care can help to overcome these problems. On the one hand, through the notion of relational responsibility, it can show that citizens and states in the global North have a responsibility to help displaced populations. On the other hand, the ethics of care preconizes a contextual analysis of everyday and embodied issues: this will avoid reproducing blind spots in our philosophical inquiries. This will ultimately allow us to better identify and understand the injustices reproduced by refugee crises, as well as the steps needed to remedy them.

Keyphrases: asile, migrations, philosophy of asylum, ethics of care, refugees, refuge, feminist philosophy, migration
Droits à l'autodétermination des peuples autochtones et droits des femmes : conflits et réconciliations

Although Aboriginal peoples have always resisted their ongoing colonization by the Canadian state, the consequences caused by the politics of assimilation are disastrous and, given their complexity, difficult to fully grasp. In the past fifty years, Native peoples' mobilization towards the recognition of their right to self-determination, focused on the renewal of cultural and political traditions, has been increasingly rising. However, many Native women's groups have been claiming for their right to equality to also be recognized, due to a fear that internalized patriarchy in Native communities may perpetuate their marginalization. Since multiple leaders of Aboriginal organizations have been hostile to the opposition towards the sexist dispositions of the Indian Act by the women's movements, a conflict between self-determination and women’s rights is shown to exist. This paper seeks to present the complexities of this conflict between two fundamental human rights and to explore the options necessary to adjudicate them. We cannot pretend that we have been entirely successful in finding a solution that will solve all problems nor that will be unanimously embraced. However, this paper claims that any project towards self-determination that is not grounded on serious and honest reflections concerning the interactions of colonialism, racism, and patriarchy may not allow a truly decolonized and liberating future for all Aboriginals. In this sense, Aboriginal feminism is essential to this project.

Keyphrases: aboriginal feminism, self-determination, minorities, cultural rights, colonialism, patriarchy
Le monisme neutre et le « problème difficile de la conscience »

The “hard problem” of consciousness (Chalmers 1996) or the question on why our mental states are endowed with a certain subjective quality constitutes renders evident the existence of an “explanatory gap” (Levine 1983) between the experience lived by the subject and the brain’s physical and functional structures (or the organism’s altogether). Among the many solutions devised to solve it, Neutral Monism stands as an appealing alternative between the extremes of physicalism and dualism. Initially derived from Bertrand Russell’s thought (1927), Neutral Monism departs from this starting fact: within our scientific conception of matter, there is an important conceptual gap between the causal role thereof and its hitherto unknown intrinsic, fundamental properties. In other words, we know that matter behaves in such and such a way, but we do not know why it is so. In the light of these facts, the fundamental nature of matter is neither physical nor mental, but it identifies to a neutral stuff from which would emerge both the physical and mental properties. In that sense, this research focuses on spelling out the antecedents, origin, development, evolution and prospects of this solution, comparing it with other monist and neutralist positions. As research develops, we shall assess some of the objections raised against it. Finally, we shall consider some contemporary formulations inspired by the Russellian thesis in order to reflect upon their plausibility.

Keyphrases: Consciousness, Neutral Monism, Panpsychism, Phenomenal, Hard problem of consciousness
L’objectivité comme posture éthique dans l’onto-épistémologie de Donna Haraway : réponse au problème de l’objectivité en épistémologie féministe

This master’s thesis is a presentation and interpretation of the epistemology of the feminist philosopher Donna Haraway, as well as a contribution to her influence. First, we address the dilemma that opposes two major types of critical reactions to the notion of objectivity as it is traditionally conceived: feminist reappropriations of objectivity on the one hand, and a form of radical "postmodern" constructivism that denies the possibility of access to the real world and to an objective positioning on the other hand. We use this tension to highlight the original way in which Haraway overcomes it, and to clarify the notion of embodied objectivity that lies at the heart of her theoretical approach. To do so, we put her in dialogue with two of her privileged interlocutors, Nancy Hartsock and Bruno Latour. Secondly, we adopt a posture of internalist interpretation and attempt to establish the conceptual matrix in which the notion of embodied objectivity as promoted by Haraway takes on meaning. We will then attempt to isolate and define the most important concepts involved in her approach, without questioning its resolutely non-systematic character. The last stage of our analysis consists in testing the conceptual apparatus that we have developed by applying Haraway's epistemological device to a precise object of knowledge (the fetus) in order to show concretely the type of gains, in terms of knowledge and understanding, to which her epistemology gives access.

Keyphrases: Haraway, foetus, Epistemology, Embodied objectivity, Situated knowledges, Amodern, Fetus, Feminist epistemology
Modèles de Markov à variables latentes : matrice de transition non-homogène et reformulation hiérarchique

This master’s thesis is centered on the Hidden Markov Models, a family of models in which an unobserved Markov chain dictactes the behaviour of an observable stochastic process through which a noisy version of the latent chain is observed. These bivariate stochastic processes that can be seen as a natural generalization of mixture models have shown their ability to capture the varying dynamics of many time series and, more specifically in finance, to reproduce the stylized facts of financial returns. In particular, we are interested in discrete-time Markov chains with finite state spaces, with the objective of studying the contribution of their hierarchical formulations and the relaxation of the homogeneity hypothesis for the transition matrix to the quality of the fit and predictions, as well as the capacity to reproduce the stylized facts. We therefore present two hierarchical structures, the first allowing for new interpretations of the relationships between states of the chain, and the second allowing for a more parsimonious parameterization of the transition matrix. We also present three non-homogeneous models, two of which have transition probabilities dependent on observed explanatory variables, and the third in which the probabilities depend on another latent variable.  We first analyze the goodness of fit and the predictive power of our models on the series of log returns of the S&P 500 and the exchange rate between canadian and american currencies (CADUSD). We also illustrate their capacity to reproduce the stylized facts, and present interpretations of the estimated parameters for the hierarchical and non-homogeneous models. In general, our results seem to confirm the contribution of hierarchical and non-homogeneous models to these measures of performance. In particular, these results seem to suggest that the incorporation of non-homogeneous dynamics to a hierarchical structure may allow for a more faithful reproduction of the stylized facts—even the slow decay of the autocorrelation functions of squared and absolute returns—and better predictive power, while still allowing for the interpretation of the estimated parameters.

Keyphrases: Variables explicatives, Hidden Markov Model, Stylized facts of financial returns, Hierarchical structure, Homogeneity, Explanatory variables, Generalized autoregressive score model, Duration dependence, Interpretability
L’effet de la langue seconde sur le traitement des mots composés chinois chez les locuteurs bilingues chinois-français et chinois-anglais

The present study investigated whether the French or English translation equivalents of Chinese compound constituents affect Chinese compound recognition and, if so, whether they affect processing in a comparable manner. We conducted a constituent priming experiment, where targets were bimorphemic Chinese compounds, preceded by one of their constituents or an unrelated item. Chinese-French and Chinese-English bilinguals were assigned to three priming conditions, where primes were translated into their L2 French or L2 English or repeated in their L1 Chinese (transcribed as Pinyin syllables). Results from the L2 priming conditions indicated that participants recognized Chinese compounds as real words significantly faster when they were preceded by one of their constituents, in either French or English, than they were when preceded by an unrelated stimulus. This effect was not restricted to a particular L2, as constituent priming effects produced by French primes patterned with English primes. We failed to find a significant constituent priming effect in the L1 priming condition, possibly due to difficulty in processing Pinyin. We argue that the L2 constituent priming effects on Chinese compound processing provide evidence in favour of an integrated bilingual mental lexicon characterized by lexical as well as sublexical connectivity.

Keyphrases: translangagier, bilingual mental lexicon, compound processing, Chinese, cross-language, Chinese-French bilinguals, Chinese-English bilinguals
Learning discrete word embeddings to achieve better interpretability and processing efficiency

The ubiquitous use of word embeddings in Natural Language Processing is proof of theirusefulness and adaptivity to a multitude of tasks. However, their continuous nature is pro-hibitive in terms of computation, storage and interpretation. In this work, we propose amethod of learning discrete word embeddings directly. The model is an adaptation of anovel database searching method using state of the art natural language processing tech-niques like Transformers and LSTM. On top of obtaining embeddings requiring a fractionof the resources to store and process, our experiments strongly suggest that our representa-tions learn basic units of meaning in latent space akin to lexical morphemes. We call theseunitssememes, i.e., semantic morphemes. We demonstrate that our model has a greatgeneralization potential and outputs representation showing strong semantic and conceptualrelations between related words.

Keyphrases: discret, Transformer, LSTM, Search Data Structure Learning, Multi-Bernouilli Regression Search, embeddings, discrete, binary, semantic, morpheme, generalization, interpretability
Les nuages sombres comme métaphore de la peste dans l'art vénitien de la Renaissance

The plague raged in Venice from 1348 to 1797, striking in successive deadly waves. Countless votive images produced as "spiritual remedies" brought solace to the faithful terrified of the ongoing scourge. However, in the retables directly related to the plague, we observe the frequent presence of dark clouds. This pattern, which has gone largely unnoticed, is studied here for the first time in detail and associated with contemporary medical theories regarding the aerial spread of the disease. The dark cloud is first examined as an iconographic motif and placed in the context of Venice's health and sanitary situation in the 15th and 16th centuries, as well as the ancient literature on the plague that influenced the humanist thought of the Venetian Renaissance. Furthermore, we examine the theoretical function of the dark cloud, as a "figure" (E. Auerbach and L. Marin), as a "pictorial graph" (H. Damisch) and as a "detail" (D. Arasse). The use of these different theoretical models allows us to reconsider the presence and possible meanings of the dark cloud as a metaphor for the plague. The thesis concludes with a typology test of the plague cloud.

Keyphrases: Renaissance, Venice, Renaissance, Plague, dark clouds, images of plague