NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Paléoécologie d’une tourbière à pergélisol en dégradation du sud des Territoires du Nord-Ouest : implications pour le cycle du carbone

Peatlands have contributed to cool the Earth's climate during the Holocene by accumulating a large carbon pool. In the Canadian boreal forest, perennially frozen soils (permafrost soils) are abundant and they are located mainly in peatlands where they form elevated plateaus. Thawing permafrost caused by atmospheric warming or other disturbances lead to the collapse of plateaus and soil saturation, impacting vegetation cover and carbon cycling. Models suggest that northern latitudes will be the most severely affected by global warming as we are already observing a decline in permafrost cover. It is important to understand how permafrost thaw affects the peatland carbon sink function as feedbacks on the climate are possible if a large amount of greenhouse gas is emitted or sequestered. I use a chronosequence representing the time since permafrost in a Northwest Territories peatland to understand the factors influencing aggradation and degradation of permafrost in peatlands and to evaluate the effect of thawing on the carbon accumulation and preservation. The carbon accumulation rates associated with the presence of permafrost in the past and present are slow, and the peat is less decomposed in areas that have been affected by permafrost longer. In sum, permafrost reduces surface carbon accumulation but allows for better preservation of the carbon already accumulated.

Keyphrases: Carbon, Peat, Permafrost, Climate change, Wildfires, Paleoecology
L'inscription des genres et de l'intertexte dans Les Bergères de l'apocalypse de Françoise d'Eaubonne

Les Bergères de l'apocalypse is the story of the protagonist Ariane who plans to rewrite, in the sidelines of the official discourse, the events that led to the creation of a gynocentric society. In the variety of concerns that fuel this utopian vision of society meets a generic indeterminacy that makes it difficult to classify. Featuring an ideal society which turns out no to be one (as women after the extermination of men have reproduced some structures of patriarchal power), the book can't be identified solely as a science fiction novel since it borrows both the essay, the feminist utopia and the apocalyptic narrative. This hybridization appears as one of the features of this book that multiplies the narrative techniques and narratives in a setting where intertextuality plays an important role. The hypothesis that I propose to explain such generic explosion is that the novel represents a shape conforming to the complexity of the proposals made to the feminist discourse of the seventies. With the mix of genres and discourses, the author, through Ariane, manages to communicate with a variety variety of intertexts whose original and dense counterpoint could only confuse the reader. To analyze the novel, I will observe how the book exploits the potential of generic in his form, narrative techniques, their links with ecofeminists motifs, as well as the inscription of different discourses.

Keyphrases: Genericity, Intertextuality, Apocalyptic narratives, Feminism
Le partenariat intersectoriel : une stratégie gagnante pour la prévention et la gestion du diabète de type 2 dans un contexte de diversité

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) rates rises gradually among immigrant populations (Agency of Health and Social Services of Montreal (ASSSM), 2012). In a context of diversity and especially when it comes to recent immigrants, the usual programs for T2DM management have not always been effective due to financial, linguistic and cultural barriers (Hyman et al, 2013. Nam Janson, Stotts , Chesla, & Kroon 2012; Pottie et al, 2013). In this context, studies have highlighted the importance and benefits of working in inter-sectoral partnership for better prevention and management of T2DM, particularly in the context of diversity (Peek, Ferguson, Bergeron, Matby & Chin, 2014). The aim of this report is to examine the key elements and strategies to form an inter-sectoral partnership for management of T2DM sensitive to the context of life of people living in the territories of the local centre for community services (CLSC) St-Leonard and St-Michel (SLSM) and community centre Maison d'Haiti.    This project consists, first, in a literature on the challenges, opportunities and strategies to form an inter-sectoral partnership on the prevention and management of T2DM. Moreover, it includes individual interviews and a group discussion with professionals from a CLSC and members of a community centre to better understand the concerns and the strategies required to form an inter-sectoral partnership for a better prevention and management of T2DM in context of diversity. The main findings of the report show that both structural and cultural organization of the two institutions involved, limited financial resources and recognition of expertise in the education of health of the community members were the challenges associated with the creation of an inter-sectoral partnership. Positive experiences of partnership, successful models of partnership, clear agreements with shared responsibility and capacity building at the level of training in community centres were seen as opportunities and elements facilitating an inter-sectoral partnership.

Keyphrases: Type 2 diabetes, cultural diversity, nurse, community intervention, intersectoral partnership
De lettre intime à lettre ouverte dans Lettres à l’Indigène de Joël Des Rosiers

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, the era of new technologies and electronic communication, email has become the preferred way to send and receive private messages, replacing therefore paper letters. Knowing this, why would an individual want to share his private content by publishing it openly, publicly, furthermore in a paper format, making it available to all readers wishing to view the content? Nevertheless, such is the genesis of the collection of letters, Lettres à l’Indigène of Joël Des Rosiers in which the author donated love letters that became " common objects that share the recipient and the man who wrote, the book and the readers "(LALI, p. 7).  Thus, it is through the recovery of an old epistolary practice that this book reflects an intimate writing in which private letters and open letters meet. The intimate letters contain several resemblances with the conventional letters, but distinguish themselves from it on certain points. Open letters, as for them, are more similar to the free publications which we find in the diverse paper or Web periodicals, as well as in the various blogs. In both type of letters, we are able to see the place of the addresser and that of the Other, we present the various constructions of the space related with each of the forms of letter and we reveal the diverse formal strategies which allow to see a play between public and private spheres. Thus, we demonstrate different ways in which this book questions the intimacy of the 21st century, as well as the practice of intimate writing in the current era.

Keyphrases: Joël Des Rosiers, Epistolary, Current intimate writing, Quebec contemporary literature
Les tableaux homonymiques, principe d’unité du Cornet à dés de Max Jacob

This dissertation treats the structure of Le Cornet à dés (1917), a collection of prose poems written by Max Jacob. Upon reading this collection, one notices that things and events referring to the different definitions of the word “tableau” are repeatedly employed : paintings, visual descriptions, window and door frames, elders (vieux tableaux), living pictures (tableaux vivants), theater scenes and also blackboards. This dissertation, divided into three chapters, starts by exploring how these homonyms are employed as paintings in the poems. In-between fixity and movement, the descriptions and the narrations bring literature closer to pictorial art. This contributes to the aesthetic of doubt found in Max Jacob’s written work. The second chapter analyzes different kinds of repetitions and the way they build links between the poems. By employing the theories of movement and repetition, this dissertation demonstrates how the various motifs, similarly to a pair of dice, form different combinations from one poem to another. Inspired by the cubist painters who simultaneously show all the angles of an object, Jacob thoroughly examines the word “tableau”. In the last chapter, it becomes evident that the juxtaposition of the poems gives access to additional significance: certain arbitrary elements, such as obscure titles, suddenly make sense. A reflection on the act of reading concludes this dissertation, since the numerous repetitions are stored in the reader’s memory. This work falls within the field of collection studies and mainly relies on poetry analysis.

Keyphrases: Max Jacob, Le Cornet à dés, Tableaux, The Dice Cup, 20th century French literature, Prose poetry, Tableau, Collections, Painting, Movement, Repetition
Phronèsis et prudence : esquisse de la science pratique dans les textes de la tradition classique

This thesis traces back the history of the concept of prudence from Antiquity to the XVIIth century. It underlines the link between “ways of being” and art in Greek thought and during early modernity. Phronèsis first defined itself in contrast to other “ways of doing” of which techne takes part. This distinction, common to both Plato and Aristotle, is not present in the writings of early modern thinkers which assimilate the two “ways of doing”. We can also see, in the way language is used to describe prudence, a reflection of that virtue. An example of prudence is therefore at work both in the style and the object it describes. This virtue, which is the first of the cardinal virtues, is hence fundamental to understanding the relation between art and ethics during early modernity. It is also a precursor to early modern aesthetics, in that it gives rules to arrive at one’s ends concerning any type of “ways of doing”.

Keyphrases: Phronèsis, Praxis, Prudence, Art, Techne, Antiquity, Early modernity, Ethos, Ethics
Le Cœur est une permanence, suivi de Empathie et souffrance dans Tête première / Dos / Contre dos de Martine Audet

This M.A. thesis, combining research and creative writing, is divided in two parts: a poetry collection and an essay. The first part, Le Cœur est une permanance, explores different interpretations of empathy phenomenon in creative writing. In order for empathy to become the subject of my poetry collection I focused it’s discourse on the possibilities of a relation to another self. This relation takes form through the two entities of “I” (je) and “you” (tu). While the "I" comes into contact with its own darkness, it opens to the sufferings of the "you". Throughout the poetry collection, the "I" and the "you" soothe their pain by sharing it, making empathy a pathway to intimacy. This use of intimacy takes shape in three stages: the sections: replis de voix, point archimédien and ensembles vides. The poetry collection also gives special importance to the conception and representation of the body as a vehicle of suffering. The compilation proposes an interpretation of love that balances between shipwreck and promised land and uses childhood as a touchstone for questioning pain. The second part of this M.A thesis is an essay entitled Empathie et souffrance dans Tête première / Dos / Contre dos de Martine Audet. The essay, divided into three chapters, examines empathy throughout Audet’s poetry collection, through a biocultural approach. It specifically combines literary interpretation with second-generation cognitive sciences and philosophy of mind. The first chapter analyzes literary representations of the body taking into account the concept of "embodied simulation", developed by Vittorio Gallese. It suggests that literary representations of the body convey pain while revealing identity issues. With this theoretical basis, the second chapter studies the relation between the “I’ and the “you”. It also examines Husserl's phenomenology point of view of intersubjectivity to suggest the presence of an empathic, albeit problematic, link between the two presences in Audet’s collection. The final chapter explains how the representations of the environment, in which the two presences progress, mirror their suffering. To do this, it takes interests in the presence of certain key concepts related to the environment in Tête première / Dos / Contre dos, such as place and nature. These concepts are particularly important for present ecocriticism. They can also be considered from a biocultural point of view in this essay, since being built by the perceptions belonging to human cognition. By interpreting three main aspects of Audet’s poetry collection (literary representations of the body, intersubjectivity and environment), the hypothesis that the perception of pain in Tête première / Dos / Contre dos is essentially based on empathy as an effect and object of discourse is being validated.

Keyphrases: Martine Audet, Empathie, Quebec poetry, Biocultural approach, Cognitive sciences, Empathy, Human body, Intersubjectivity, Environment
La literatura de la neo-violencia en Colombia : manifestaciones thanáticas en el siglo XXI

This research is based on the assumption that the relationship between the Colombian society and violence is so constant and deep that the new 21st century literature is the result of this phenomenon. Despite the fact that previous academic research on violence and literature in Colombia has largely addressed the topic, this same research has usually approached “violence” as a disruptive phenomenon having an impact on established social orders. That is the case of previous analysis addressing either the 1950s and 1960s’ La Violencia-based literature or the 1980s and 1990s’ drug trafficking literature. However, in the literature of the new generation of writers, violence is not necessarily practiced by traditionally violent actors who intentionally put social order at risk. This social order is in fact essentially violent, which turns violence into a symbolic, normalized, deeply rooted matter in society. Thus, how has “traditional” violence transformed into today’s neoviolence? Which are its attributes?  Furthermore, how does literature tell this new violence’s story? The purpose of this research is to identify these new forms of violence made evident in the literature of the first decade of the 21st century that has been produced, in turn, by writers born between the 1970s and the 1980s. The methodology, based on the analysis of novels and short stories by Colombian writers from this period, seeks to establish how overexposure to endemic violence has resulted in new forms of seeing, perceiving, feeling and recounting violence beyond the accurate description of violent facts.

Keyphrases: Violence, Violence, Violence and Colombian literature, Symbolic violence, Subjective violence, Systemic violence, Normalization of violence, Aesthetics of violence, Literature and politics, New Colombian literature
Ciblage des délinquants sexuels : regard sur la qualité et la pertinence d'un programme de surveillance en communauté

Sexual crimes generate concerns among the population, particularly when certain high-risk offenders are released. Risk evaluations are therefore relevant, since the majority of such offenders will receive sentences of limited duration and be released later on (Wilson, Picheca and Prinzo, 2005). Methods are set in place in order to manage sex offenders in communities. A legal framework imposes an increased monitoring of sex offenders ending their sentence in the community and, by that, aims at reducing the risk of recidivism (Hanson and Morton-Bourgon, 2005). However, once the term of their incarceration completed, some offenders still pose a risk to society. In order to address this problem, partnerships have been established in Quebec between correctional and police services. They are intended to keep these individuals under surveillance in order to reduce the danger they represent (Yessine and Bonta, 2006). Decisions made in regard to these police prioritized targets can cause serious consequences to society. It is therefore relevant to assess whether targeting methods adopted by police and correctional services are effective; that is, can they accurately assess the risk of recidivism for each individual and are do they include only high risk sex offenders.   The data used for this study came from two sources. First, a comparative sample coming from a compilation of data that brings together all sexual assaults events leading to official charges (n = 235) was used. Second, a registry developed over a period of 10 years under three police surveillance programs (n = 235) was analysed. Data from the two groups have been subjected to ratings on the available items of the Static-99R in order to tests its potential uses for police surveillance. Police surveillance programs are not optimally directed towards high-risk sexual offenders. Recidivism rates are low and similar in both samples. Police agencies have relevant data that can be use to assess the quality of targeting methods. More reliable evaluations could allow for the improved allocation of resources and targeting strategies.

Keyphrases: Sex offenders, Risk assessment, Police targeting
Soixante ans de règlements de compte au Québec

Objectives. This thesis has two objectives. The first objective is divided in two: objective 1A is to evaluate and extend the descriptive analysis of account settlement trends started by Cordeau in his doctoral thesis of 1991. This will be done so as to compare his dataset to ours and see if any significant differences emerge; Objective 1B is to look into the construction and use of alternative account settlement rates to see which one allow us to be better capture the dynamics (ebbs and flows, general tendencies) of this particular subset of homicides. Our final objective is to use social network analysis to confirm and highlight certain findings that will come about through the descriptive analysis. The use of social network analysis will also allow us to analyze the social structure of account settlements in Quebec between 1953 and 2013. Methodology. Using datasets compiled from Allô Police and other media sources, our approach is a holistic one that seeks to incorporate descriptive statistical analysis, cross-tabulation, trend analysis and social network analysis so as to properly frame and study account settlement patterns and trends. Results. There are four main results in our study: 1) most of the trends found by Cordeau in his account settlement dataset (1970-1986) are also present within our dataset (1953-2013). There are, thus, few important variations between the two datasets; 2) compared to a general population rate, alternative rates based on the prison population or the larger criminal populations do not add to our understanding of the phenomena. However, the use of rates proposed by Morselli et al (2008) do allow for a clearer picture of unusual periods of activity within the criminal milieu; 3) criminal groups that are more exposed to violence tend to be the groups that resort to violence the most; 4) independent operators form a majority of our account settlement victim dataset and this would seem to indicate the importance of their role in organized crime. Conclusion. Our results illustrate the need for better integration of different methodologies and theories to properly analyze and understand account settlement trends. With the multiple avenues of research identified at the end of this thesis, we hope that future research can make use of theoretical and methodological integration to build a more complete picture of account settlement trends.

Keyphrases: Homicide, Violence, Account settlement, Homicide, Violence, Criminal groups, Conflict, Organized crime, Independents
Comment les médias couvrent-ils les causes de justice? : l'affaire Guy Turcotte sous la loupe

The media are not an objective reflection of events and society. Instead, they use frameworks to construct the news. The newspapers follow a content-oriented style which is market-driven and results, among others, to the construction of a "story" that can better reach their readership.  Although studies on the representation of crime and criminal are numerous, rare are the ones focusing on the representation of the judicial system itself.   This thesis is particularly interested in how the media present the judicial system during the trial against Guy Turcotte in which the judicial system is heavily discussed and criticized. This case was used by several politicians eager to propose populist reforms, to suggest changes in the current system of justice, or to introduce more severity toward this type of crime. This study seeks to analyze if the media could have been contributors to penal populism by their use of populist policies during the presentation of this court case.   Specifically, the objective is to describe how the judicial and legal aspects are represented in the media. This goal is achieve through quantitative and qualitative analyzis of 239 articles published between 2009 and 2012 in the Journal of Montreal (JM) and La Presse (LP). They are newspapers known to have different editorial lines and distinct audiences.  The thesis analyzes the content of the articles and seeks to differentiate the presentation strategies used by the latter, according to the different periods (before, during or after the trial), and types of newspaper. The content of the articles are analyzed through the prism of penal populism strategies found in political speeches. The analyzes highlight the presence of strategies such as the use of emotion, the excessive simplifications, the discrediting of experts, and the polarization. Theses strategies are found more often in the Journal de Montréal and in the absence of new information (during the period after the verdict). The analyzes also show that the media can use strategies that are defined as counter populism, as it is the case with La Presse, who proposes a coverage which differs from one associated penal populism strategies.

Keyphrases: Systeme justice, Media, Justice system, Media, Frames, Populism, Penal populism, Frames, Content analysis
Représentations identitaires chez un homme ayant purgé une longue peine : aspects stables et mobiles

Numerous studies have focused on the issues of abandonment of crime and the desistance process that precedes it. While the approaches retained are diversified, they all point to the social as well as personal changes the process implies. This thesis focuses on the  identity changes of an individual who received a long prison sentence, and who later obtained a full parole. The main objective of this thesis is to understand what are the permanent aspects of identity and those that are modifiable at work in the changing path of a man sentenced for murder and has obtained full parole.  The life approach, and in a phenomenological perspective, was used to achieve the objectives of this research. A man sentenced to a life prison and who later obtained his total release was met for ten in-depth interviews each lasting between an hour and an hour and a half. Such a large number of semi-structured type interviews allowed us to deepen our understanding. The results suggest that certain representations of identity remain stable over time while others change over the life course. Indeed, from the analysis of the individual's life story two stable representations emerged that permanently mark his identity during his life trajectory, and four modifiable, which developed during his detention. The results also show that stable representations appear to be involved in both the criminogenic process and during his desistance.

Keyphrases: Points tournants, Changing process, Turning point, Identity, Personal identity, Social identity, Life-course, Life narratives