NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La connaissance des origines de l'enfant adopté: du « besoin» au « droit» Perspectives anthropologique, sociologique et psychologiques pour une réforme législative

The present Master's Thesis raises questions regarding the necessity for the legislator to make rules that will allow to the adopted persons to know their origins. Many disciplines Iike history, anthropology, sociology and psychology confirm child's conscious and unconscious imprints from their born parents. The need to expand his individuality and to achieve his full blossoming, the adopted person can profit of the identity reference hided by the origin's secret. The judiciary and administrative files access allows to give the necessary indications for the adopted person's definition and achievement. Therefore, the Quebec adoption mechanisms are insufficient to overcome the actual situations which are determined by the essential since the 1924 legislation. The adoption without rupture of the bonds of origins and the legal delegation of parental authority counts among the devices to create, for the one, or to ameliorate, for the other, in waiting of an unconditional raising of the secret of the origins for the adopted person who his coming of age in ail situations.

Keyphrases: Secret, Confidentiality, Adopted person's development, Files concerning adoption, Origins, Secret
Rôle des eicosanoïdes post-greffe :
implication dans la bronchiolite oblitérante

Chronic rejection occurs, in the lung, in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), an inflammatory and fibroproliferative disease that leads to the obliteration of the bronchioles. A concept of the pathogenesis of BO has been suggested and several risk factors are associated to it, however, the exact etiology of this disease remains unknown. Studies have suggested that an imbalance of leukotrienes (LT) over prostaglandins (PG) promotes pulmonary fibrosis. The levels of LT and PG in the human lung post-transplantation are unknown. We propose that an imbalance of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) on PGE2 exists in the transplanted lung and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of BO. We also suggest that leukotrienes contribute to fibrosis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In order to test these hypotheses, we have determined the levels of CysLTs and PGE2 in human transplanted lung bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) samples and their clinical correlations. We have also determined the capacity of CysLT to induce the expression of EMT markers in vitro. We found high average levels of CysLT and PGE2 in the BAL of transplant patients. A predominant peak of CysLT over PGE2 was observed at 52 weeks post-transplantation and two risk factors for BO, CMV infections and Aspergillus were associated with CysLT/PGE2 ratio> 1. According to our experimental parameters, CysLT can induce the repression of epithelial markers but do not induce the expression of mesenchymal markers in vitro in small airway epithelial cells.

Keyphrases: Cysteinyl leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, Lung transplantation, Chronic rejection, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Conditions de l’organisation du travail,  consommation d’alcool à risque et           médicaments psychotropes : le rôle modérateur des traits de personnalité

The main objective of this master's thesis is to determine the moderator effect of personality traits (self esteem, sens of cohesion, sens of control) on the relationship between work organization conditions, and risky alcohol consumption, as well as psychotropic medication consumption by canadian workers.  In order to conduct our project, we relied on data that came from five cycles of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS). This survery was conducted at a two year interval, spanning from the year 1994 until 2003, and includes five longitudinal cycles. The multilevel analyis we performed, allowed us to identify five work organization conditions that increase the risk of risky alcohol consumption.Skill utilisation increases by 7% the risk of being part of a risky alcohol consumption group, while psychological demands increase risky alcohol consumption by 69%, and workers confronted to an irregular work schedule consume 61% more risky alcohol. However, job insecurity decerases by 12% the risk of being part of a risky alcohol consumption group, and workers that enjoy social support at work have a 5% lesser risk of being part of a risky alcohol consumption group.  As for psychotropic medications consumption, our multilevel analysis allowed us to identify two work organization conditions that are associated in a significant manner to the psychotropic medication consumption. Skill utilisation at work increases by 8% the risk of being part of a pscyhotropic medication consumption group, while the number of hours worked decreases by 1% the risk of being part of a psychotropic medication consumption group. As for personnality traits, our results indicate that self esteem increases by 17% the risk of risky alcohol consumption, while sense of cohesion decreases by 1% this risk. In addition, self esteem plays a moderator role by diminuishing by 3% the pathologic impact of physical demands at work on risky alcohol consumption. Concerning psychotropic medications consumption, our results indicate that self esteem diminuishes by 4% the risk of psychotropic medications consumption, sense of control diminuishes by 9% the risk of psychotropic medications consumption, and sense of cohesion diminuishes by 3% this risk. In addition, none of the personnality traits plays a moderator role between work’s organization’s conditions and psychotropic medications consumption.

Keyphrases: Alcohol, Psychotropic medication
Le changement organisationnel : la prédiction des comportements de soutien et de résistance par le biais des préoccupations

For over 50 years, researchers have been interested in resistance to change. However, despite several years of research, it remains unclear which variables can predict resistance and support behaviours. The aim of this thesis is to fill this gap by identifying variables that can explain both support and resistance behaviours during a major organizational change.   The stages of concerns’ model (Bareil, 2004a, adapted from Hall & Hord, 2001) is an interesting option for this purpose since it includes many current knowledge and can be adapted to various changes. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to ascertain to what extent support and resistance behaviours can be predicted by stages of concerns, taking into account affective commitment to change as a mediator variable and the actor’s role and the progress of the implementation as moderator variables. To this end, a study was conducted with teachers, professionals and directors of a school board in Quebec, implementing a reform causing major concerns of different intensities and various behaviours, ranging from resistance to support.   The path analysis performed with two independent samples (n = 464 and n = 171) indicates that the first stages (focused on the employee, on the organization and on the change) are positively related to resistance behaviours and negatively related to support behaviours. Conversely, the last stages (focused on experimentation, on collaboration and on continuous improvement) are negatively related to resistance behaviours and positively related to support behaviours. Thus, the further along the sequence of stages of concerns, the more supportive behaviours increase and resistance behaviours decreases. Also, affective commitment to change can act as a mediator variable in this relation.  Moreover, regression analysis indicates that the stages of concerns explain more variance in supportive behaviours of change agents as they explain more variance in resistance behaviours of employees. We also note that it is in early implementation that the stages of concerns explain the most variance in support and resistance behaviours.   Finally, a third sample (n = 143) follows the evolution of participants who completed the questionnaire twice. The t-tests report no significant difference between the two measurement time, and this for both preoccupations and support and resistance behaviours. We note that when the stages of concerns do not change, support or resistance behaviours remain the same.   In sum, these results indicate that we can now predict both support and resistance behaviours with the stages of concerns. In addition, this study permitted to know when this model is the most appropriate and who benefits the most of it. To generalize these results, it would be appropriate to replicate this research in another organization implementing a different major change.

Keyphrases: Organizational change, Stages of concerns, Support to change, Resistance to change, Affective commitment to change
Étude du rôle de l'adaptateur Nck2 dans la progression métastatique du mélanome humain

The metastatic process is highly fatal in many cancers, including human melanoma. Metastatic progression is a multistep process in which cytoskeletal organization allows migration and invasion of cancer cells. Nck2 is an adaptor protein mainly associated with cytoskeletal organization. A preliminary study carried out in our laboratory has shown that Nck2 protein and mRNA levels are increased in metastatic melanoma cell lines compared to primary cell lines. In this study, the role of Nck2 in metastatic progression was further investigated. Results confirmed that Nck2 levels are increased in metastatic melanoma compared to primary cell lines. Nck2 overexpression in primary melanoma induced migration and cell proliferation, did not affect invasion in type I collagen matrix, but decreased cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion. In addition, a preliminary in vivo study suggested that Nck2 overexpression slightly increased tumorigenesis and tumor growth in primary melanoma. All together, these results indicate that Nck2 may effectively influence metastatic progression of melanoma by increasing cancer cell proliferation and detachment from the primary tumor, allowing them to enter the blood circulation and form distant colonies. At the molecular level, we propose that Nck2 is recruited to invadopodia in order to form molecular complexes that increase cell invasion, and this may results in a decrease in Nck2 levels available to form other molecular complexes in others cell compartments, such as focal adhesions (FA) and adherent cell junctions.

Keyphrases: Nck2, Adaptator protein, Human melanoma
Étude des mécanismes d’inactivation des microorganismes suite à un traitement à l’ozone

The thesis deals with the inactivation mechanisms of microorganisms (mainly endospores) after an ozone treatment. The general objective of this work was to provide an experimental strategy to identify the phenomena and chemical species involved in microorganism inactivation mechanism using multidisciplinary techniques. Recall that the recent advances in plasma sterilization are mainly due to comprehensive studies dealing with the inactivation mechanisms of microorganisms. In this context, based on a review of published studies, we proposed a two-step experimental study of ozone sterilization in both dry and humid media. In the course of this work, we have examined the inactivation kinetics of some microorganisms, their damage after treatments; we have also identified the chemical species responsible for inactivation, and proposed an inactivation mechanism (for each type of ozone treatment) by describing the importance and role of the different implicated phenomena. The originality of our approach rests on the correlation achieved between the dry and humid ozone treatment, and by the diversity and complementarity of the characterization techniques used. In a second part, we show for the first time the possibility to confer biocide activity to surfaces of polystyrene (PS) Petri dishes after their exposure to ozone. A characterization study of these treated surfaces mainly shows a high inactivation efficacy on various microorganisms, the importance of the microorganisms/treated-surface interaction, the biocide persistence of the treated surfaces and physico-chemical modifications. The study on physico-chemical and microbiological changes gives us elements for identifying the phenomena involved in the inactivation mechanisms. Finally, we have shown the possibility to confer biocide properties to polymeric surfaces in general with the same experimental process observing that the biocide efficacy depends on the nature of the polymer.

Keyphrases: Sterilization, Dry and humid ozone, Absorption spectroscopy, Spore bacterienne, Bacterial spore, Polymeres thermosensibles, Thermo-sensitive polymers, Surface characterization
La présence phénicienne en Syrie du Nord à l’Âge du Fer, 1000-500 av. J.C

  This study investigates the Phoenician presence in North of Syria only during the first half of the Iron Age, i.e between 1000 and 500 BC. It is based on the analysis of literary and archaeological data of the coastal region, al Mina, Ras el Bassit, Tell Kazel, Tell Souka and Amrit.  After a presentation of the cultural characteristics of the Phoenician civilization, I turn to the analysis of these sites. The data that can prove a Phoenician presence in the region are many and I find that the Phoenicians constituted a significant minority of the population of these sites, like the Greeks or Cypriots, and the majority being of Syrian origin. But in some cases, particularly at sites near major Phoenician capitals, it is not impossible that they were the majority.   The study also illustrates the importance of the cities of North Syria in trade and cultural exchanges with other cultures of South-Eastern Mediterranean, including those of Greece, Cyprus, Cilicia and of inland Syrian.

Keyphrases: Phoenicians, Archeology, Syria, Northern Syria, Iron Age, Ras el Bassit, Ras el Bassit, Amrit, Amrit, Tell Kazel, Tell Kazel, Al Mina, Al Mina
Synthèse diastéréosélective et énantiosélective de dérivés cyclopropaniques 1,2,3-substitués à l’aide de carbénoïdes gem-dizinciques

1,2,3-Substituted cyclopropanes are useful compounds present in several chemical domains. This thesis considers both the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of these compounds, particularly focusing on zincocyclopropanation methodologies. This method relies on a gem-diorganozinc carbenoid undergoing a Simmons-Smith type cyclopropanation. This method is advantageous due to its diastereoselectivity, forming the cyclopropylzinc adduct, where the zinc atom is cis relative to the directing group involved in the cyclopropanation. In this reaction, the existence of a competitive pathway involving a monoorganozinc reagent dramatically decreased the efficiency of the zincocyclopropanation. Reactivity studies, and screening of numerous conditions for the formation of the carbenoids highlighted the crucial parameters favouring the zincocyclopropanation reaction. This work demonstrated that the outcome of the reaction strongly depends on the nature of the carbenoid used, the temperature, and the presence of ZnI2 in the reaction mixture. Due to these findings, zincocyclopropanation was extended to allylic alcohols bearing one directing group only (i.e. not derived from 1,4-butenediol). As predicted, under these optimized conditions the zincocyclopropanation was highly cis-diastereoselective. To functionalize these cyclopropylzinc reagents many in situ functionalization reactions were developed. All these methods demonstrated total retention of the diastereoselectivity, and as such, the versatility of zincocyclopropanation for the synthesis of 1,2,3-susbtituted cyclopropanes is demonstrated. With a diastereoselective method in hand for the synthesis of 1,2,3-substituted cyclopropanes, we explored the development of an enantioselective version for this reaction. The use of a dioxaborolane-based ligand allowed the zincocyclopropanation of various allylic alcohols with high enantioselectivity. The presence of a nucleophilic C-Zn bond and an electrophilic boron center within the same molecule led to an in situ zinc-boron exchange and the formation of a cyclopropylborinate. This intramolecular zinc to boron exchange is responsible of the perfect diastereoselectivity of the reaction. These cyclopropylborinates were submitted to a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction leading to various 1,2,3-substituted cyclopropane with high enantioselectivities and excellent diastereoselectivities. These cyclopropylborinates are versatile intermediates as other functionalization reactions have been developed for these compounds.

Keyphrases: Cyclopropylborinates, 1,2,3-substituted cyclopropanes, Simmons-Smith reaction, Cyclopropylzinc, Cyclopropylborinates, Boron-zinc exchange
Essais sur la conception de mécanismes et les enchères

This thesis is made of three essays related to mechanism design and auctions.  In first essay I study Bayesian efficient mechanism design in environments where agents' utility functions depend on the chosen alternative even if they do not participate to the mechanism. In addition to an allocation rule and a payment rule the designer may choose appropriate threats in order to give agents the incentive to participate and maximize his own expected surplus; The planner may presume the type of an agent who does not participate. I show that the solution of the design problem can be found by a max - min choice of the presumed types and threats. I apply this to the design of an efficient multi-unit auction when a buyer in possession of the good causes negative externalities on other buyers.\\ The second essay considers the fair return rule used by the European Space Agency (ESA). It ensures each member state of ESA a return proportional to its contribution, in the form of contracts awarded to firms coming from that state. The fair return rule is in conflict with the principle of free competition since contracts are not necessarily awarded to firms with the lowest bids. This has raised debates on the use of this rule: it is well accepted by small states, but larger states with strong national space programs, see its strict use as an obstacle to competitiveness and cost effectiveness. It is easy to believe that this rule is more costly to the agency than traditional auctions. We show on the contrary that an adequate implementation of the fair return rule may cause it to be less expensive to the agency than the traditional auctions of free competition. We consider the case of complete information where firms' technology levels are common knowledge, and the case of incomplete information where firms observe privately their production costs. In both cases we show that adequate implementation of the fair return rule may help take advantage of asymmetries between countries in order to expect a lower cost than with traditional auctions.\\ Finally, in the third essay I derive an optimal procurement mechanism in an environment where a buyer of heterogeneous items faces potential suppliers from different groups, and is constrained to choose a winning list that is consistent with some exogenous quotas assigned to the different groups. The optimal allocation rule consists of assigning priority levels to suppliers on the basis of their cost reports. The way these priority levels are determined is subjective but known to all before the auction. The individual reports induce scores for each potential winning list. The items are then purchased from one of the lists with the best score, provided it is not greater than the buyer's valuation for the items. I also find that it is not optimal to purchase the items through separate auctions, unless the buyer's valuation is sufficiently high or low.

Keyphrases: Libre concurence, Efficiency, Endogenous outside options, Threats, Virtual costs, Optimality, Fair return, Free competition, Asymmetry, Auctions
Investigation of femtosecond laser technology for the fabrication of drug nanocrystals in suspension

Femtosecond (fs) laser ablation and fragmentation, a novel technique based upon the breakdown of material using laser energy was previously used for the production of fine gold nanoparticles in suspension. This technique has been newly investigated for the fabrication of paclitaxel nanocrystals in aqueous solution.  In this work, we report the fabrication and characterization of paclitaxel nanocrystals generated by fs laser technology. Two distinct methods of this technology have been explored: ablation and fragmentation. The influence of the laser power, focusing position and treatment time on the particle size, size distribution and chemical integrity of the drug has been studied. Morphology and chemical composition of the finest paclitaxel nanocrystal formulation was studied by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analyses were employed to evaluate the polymorphic state of the paclitaxel nanocrystals. Optimal laser fabrication parameters have been established for the fabrication of uniformly small sized paclitaxel nanocrystals. Those optimal conditions generated finely-sized paclitaxel nanoparticles (400 nm, PDI ≤ 0.3) with a considerable degradation. The drug remained crystalline upon nanonization at high power, though the anhydrous crystals were converted to a partially hydrated form.  These findings suggest that drug nanocrystals could be produced using the fs laser technology; however, this technique may be inappropriate for drugs sensitive to degradation. Moreover, the simple fabrication of drug nanocrystals using the fs laser fragmentation presents a great asset for the intial phases of preclinical development of many poorly soluble drug candidates, which are not as sensitive as paclitaxel.  Keywords: paclitaxel, nanocrystals, femtosecond, ablation, fragmentation

Keyphrases: nanocrystals, femtosecond, paclitaxel
Dépistage de la prééclampsie au premier trimestre de la grossesse

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of combined screening for pregnancy hypertensive disorders by maternal characteristics, first trimester uterine artery Doppler (UAD) and serum biomarkers (Inhibine A, PP-13, hCG, ADAM12, PAPP-A et PlGF). STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective cohort study, 893 nulliparous women had UAD evaluation and collection of serum sample at 11-14 weeks. RESULTS: 40 women developed preeclampsia (4.5%) of which 9 early-onset preeclampsia (1.0%), and 16 severe preeclampsia (1.8%). The best model to predict preeclampsia associated maternal charateristics, PAPP-A and PlGF (detection rate 87.5% for 10% of false positive). UAD was correlated to PAPP-A concentration (r=-0.117 ; p<0.001), and so did not add to predictive accuracy. CONCLUSION: Combination of maternal characteristics and first trimester PlGF and PAPP-A provides a useful screening for severe preeclampsia. First trimester UAD was not an efficient screening tool in this population.

Keyphrases: PlGF, PAPP-A, Preeclampsia, Screening, Uterine Artery Doppler, PlGF, PAPP-A