NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Rôle du GPR120 microglial dans la neuro-inflammation et le comportement anxio-dépressif

GPR120 is a peripheral and central receptor present in the body, known for its anti-inflammatory role and beneficial role on metabolism. At the central level, it is strongly expressed in microglia, brain cells that act as immune cells with astrocytes. There is increasing evidence of the protective role of microglial GPR120 in neuroinflammation and its potential to improve behavior, including reducing signs of anxiety and depression in rodents and human. In the present study, four groups of mice each received different diets in vivo including one rich in omega-3 fatty acids (GPR120 agonist) following a previous diet rich in pro-inflammatory saturated fatty acids. The behavior of these mice was subsequently studied to evaluate the effect of the omega-3 supplementation in vivo on anxiety and depression. Other parameters were also measured after the supplementation, such as blood glucose and circulating lipid profile. In a second experiment, the activation of the GPR120 was tested in vitro to study its role in a context of acute inflammation. Primary microglial cells from mouse brain were exposed to various agonists of GPR120 (CpdA and omega-3) in acute inflammation (LPS). The effect on inflammation was determined by the measurement of the expression of several inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1) and the activation of microglia. The results obtained in vivo show that the supplementation in omega 3 fatty acids acts positively on the behavior and reduces the signs of anxiety and depression in mice. It also improves both the blood glucose and the profile of circulating lipids. On the other hand, the GPR120 receptor reduces the neuroinflammation, the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of microglia in vitro.

Keyphrases: GPR120, Omega-3 fatty acids, Neuroinflammation, Behavior, Metabolism
L’implication de la peptide-déformylase (PDF) dans la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique de l’enfant

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, representing 25% of all pediatric tumors. With the current therapies the survival rate is about 90%. However, the remaining patients who do not respond to current treatments still represent the principal cause of mortality related to children’s cancer. To deepen our knowledge on the causes of this disease and to understand the underlying genetic architecture of ALL, we performed a depth study of childhood ALL by characterizing mutations that can drive to leukemogenesis, called driver mutations. The use of high throughput sequencing on a cohort of 389 ALL pre-B pediatric patients led us to identify somatic mutations. Several of these mutations had strong predicted functional impact and were thus considered as putative driver mutations of leukemia. One of these mutations, the non-sense somatic mutation c.t697a on the PDF (peptide deformylase, mitochondrial) gene was shared by three patients. Our research hypothesis is that this mutation is a driver of leukemogenesis. In order to determine the driver potential of the new recurrent mutation c.t697a in PDF, we evaluated its effect in leukemic cells by measuring metabolic activity, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation. It was found that this mutation, when overexpressed in leukemic cells, led to a decrease in ATP production and an increase in apoptosis. Thus, the c.t697a mutation in the PDF gene is not a driver mutation of leukemia. Identification of novel driver mutations will further increase our understanding of the ALL etiology and eventually allow personalized approaches for the management of children attained by this disease.

Keyphrases: Mutations drivers, Pediatric cancer, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Driver mutations, Functional validation
Les incitations à l’investissment ont-elles un impact sur l’attractivité de l’investissement direct étranger en Égypte?

Since the last century, foreign direct investment has become a mean used by states to support their economic development. Indeed, FDI is recognized as not only an important factor for the economic development of countries but also a major contributor to the country's growth rate, through various factors including the provision of capital, technology transfer, jobs creation and access to international markets.   Regarding the potential positive effects of FDI, states have used various methods to attract FDI. Among these, we chose to analyze in this paper FDI incentives. Despite the criticism of incentives across the world, their use is growing in most states. For instance, Egypt is one of the states which uses these incentives. Indeed, the country has changed its investment law several times, especially after the 2011 revolution, with the aim of adding more significant incentives to attract FDI. These changes in law have led us to question whether incentives alone could have a positive effect on the attractiveness of FDI, or whether FDI incentives are key elements compared to others such as the existence of a favorable investment climate.   From our point of view, FDI incentives cannot contribute to the attractiveness of FDI without a favorable investment climate. Indeed, Egypt's investment climate remains relatively weak despite the recent changes and economic reforms which took place recently in the country. To this end, we have proposed recommendations that could improve Egypt's investment climate to attract FDI and help it achieve its development goals, hence, once the climate improves, the Egyptian government can then put in place incentives that attract FDI.

Keyphrases: Attractiveness, Incentives, Foreign direct investment, Egypt., Attractiveness, Incentives, Foreign direct investment, Egypt
Évaluation de l'effet de la piézo-corticision sur la résorption radiculaire suite au mouvement orthodontique chez le rat

Introduction: Piezo-corticison (PC) is a novel surgical technique that could theoretically increase the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, there is an inherent surgical risk related to this procedure. Strong scientific evidences are still missing for this procedure to be accepted in the orthodontic community, hence the need for further research.  Objectives: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of piezo-corticision (PC) surgery on OTM and on root resorption in a rat model.  Methods: Fourty-eigth male Wistar rats, weighting 250g in average, were divided into 4 groups (n=6 per group) : 1) OTM; 2) OTM + experimental root resorption (ERR); 3) OTM + ERR + PC; 4) OTM + PC. Interventions were done on the right side of the maxilla and the left side served as a control (OTM). The OTM was performed with a NiTi coil ligatured around the upper 1st molar and activated upon stretching when bonded to the upper incisors with a flowable composite resin (force of 50 cN). The ERR was performed by inserting a periodontal probe inside the palatal sulcus of the upper 1st molar and scratching the palatal root for 10 seconds, from the mesial to distal line angle. PC was performed at 1mm from the mesio-palatal crest of the upper first molar (1.5mm depth) using a 0.35mm-thick straight piezoelectric insert. The animals were euthanized 3 and 7 days following the interventions. After sacrifice, rats were dissected and the maxillae were scanned with x-ray microtomography in order to measure the OTM and the amount of apical and cervical root resorption at the furcation. Finally, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was done in order to perform a histological analysis of the samples.  Results: On the 3rd day after the interventions, there was a significantly greater increase of OTM in the OTM + PC (219.68 ± 53.6m) than in the OTM group (154.90 ± 35.6m; p=0.05). Root length was significantly shorter in the group OTM + ERR + PC (2309.27 ±90.3m), than in the group OTM + ERR (2459.74 ± 47m; p<0.01). This result shows an increase in experimental root resorption with the use of PC on the 3rd day. No significant differences were noted on the 7th day for OTM nor root resorption.  Conclusion: PC increased the rate of OTM and the amount of experimental root resorption 3 days after the intervention but these effects were not observed on the 7th postoperative day.

Keyphrases: Orthodontic tooth movement, Piezo-corticision, Root resorption
Devenir des environnementalistes : les conflits socio-environnementaux et la mobilisation sociale : étude de cas autour de la zone humide «La Conejera»

This master’s thesis focuses on the environmentalist movement in defence of wetlands created in Bogotá (Colombia) in the 1990s. We discuss a case study on the La Conejera Foundation, the community organization that launched a social mobilization to fight serious socio-environmental problems in neighborhoods of the city of Bogotá. In this context, we explore power relations, taking into account the theory of political ecology and the Latin American theory of the coloniality of power. We analyse the discourse of environmentalists, whose stories explain the movement’s development and its dealings with legal and illegal powers.

Keyphrases: Political ecology, Social movements, Environmentalism, Political ecology, Coloniality of power
Étude exploratoire de la description et de la reproduction de figures géométriques chez des élèves du 2e cycle du primaire

This exploratory research focuses on how description of geometrics figures is involved in the success of reproduction tasks (Pierrard, 2001). In fact, to analyze figures properly and to perceive their properties, pupils must deepen their knowledge of the use of geometric instruments (Offre, 2006) and change the way they look at figures (Duval, 2005). To understand how the elements of the geometric figure are articulated, we refer to the semiotic-instrumental [SEM-INS] plane of mathematical work spaces (ETM) linking the geometric object (representamen), the instruments (artefact), the pupil's visualization of this geometric object and the construction it makes (Kuzniak, 2014). For this purpose, pupils in 4th grade had to reproduce six complex figures (composed of two basics figures) according to three "scenarios" in which the description of the figure was requested before or after its reproduction: 1) Figure, reproduction, description, 2) Figure, description, reproduction, 3) construction program, construction. The results indicate that scenario 2 led pupils to describe the figure more accurately and allowed them to better reproduce it. In scenario 3, where pupils had only a construction program, the difficulties were more numerous. In addition, the framework of the ETMGs, and in particular the [SEM-INS] plane and its genesis, made it possible to highlight different profiles of pupils when executing the task of description and reproduction of geometric figure.

Keyphrases: ETM, geometry, elementary school, Grade 4, reproduction of figures, description of figures, construction program, dimensional deconstruction, change of view, geometry instruments
Étude des pratiques différenciées d’une enseignante au primaire au Québec œuvrant dans une classe spécialisée dédiée aux élèves ayant une déficience langagière

Despite the establishing continuum of education services, students with language impairment sparsely obtain their high-school diploma (MELS, 2010). Their severe language deficits require differentiated teaching to better meet their specific needs. The main objective of the present study is to describe and understand the contribution of differentiated instruction practices, accommodations and modifications to meet the needs of students with language impairment in a special class in primary school. The approach is to put into perspective the practice of a teacher according to school, teacher and students characteristics by the analysis of teaching activity of Goigoux model (2007). This single case study provide in-depth analysis of the differentiated instruction phenomena applied to the context of the special class with data from questionnaires, interviews, observations, researcher logbook, and physical artefacts (photography or photocopy of student works and class organization) (Creswell, 2014; Yin, 2009). The analysis of the results shows a great frequency of differentiation in terms of structures in pedagogical flexibility mode and in terms of content modification. These differentiated practices are set up to respond to needs arising from the disability of the students mainly or when they are perceived as a gap to be filled by the teacher. The results highlight the value of investigating teachers' knowledge of differentiation levels and devices, as well as specialized knowledge related to the development of essential skills such as reading. More specifically, our findings address the need to explore the discrepancy between the meaning attributed to levels of differentiation in scientific, government and practice writing.

Keyphrases: language impairment, special class, differentiated instruction, case study, practice analysis
Conception et mise en œuvre d’un dispositif de formation innovant pour l’intégration des TICE dans les pratiques enseignantes : étude de cas, enseignants stagiaires des mathématiques du CRMEF Souss-Massa, 2015-2016

The ambition to train teachers in practices of integrating new technologies into mathematics classes, led us to review the current contexts of such a practice, and to question the environments and pedagogical paradigms associated with the current forms of trainings in new technologies in Morocco. Hence, we reacted to the problem by developing a project of designing and implementing a training system called "CollabEF". This system was tested through courses for the benefit of teacher trainees of Mathematics at the CRMEF Souss-Massa (Regional Centre for the Education and Training Professions), during the training year 2015-2016. Individual interviews were conducted at the end of the training. As for the data analysis, we used descriptive statistics, Principal Correspondence Analysis (PCA) and Component Factor Analysis (CFA). From these analyses, it appeared that the majority of the participants favorably appreciated the training, and that the positive points stated by the trainees were, as a whole, acquisition of skills related to the integration of the "GeoGebra" tool in their professional practices. Thus, an appropriate innovation of the current training regarding the integration of ICT could make the perceptions of the teacher trainees more favorable towards this practice and consequently to the appropriation of the new technologies in their profession. The major conclusion of our study is that the use of scientific and technological innovations in the field of education and training, allows us to overcome the difficulties constrain the training in the integration of ICT in Morocco to make those innovation more effective.

Keyphrases: Innovation, Appropriation, ICT integration, Teacher trainees of Mathematics, Distance training system, Innovation, Appropriation
La formation des formateurs aux technologies éducatives comme vecteur d’amélioration de la qualité de l’offre de formation professionnelle et technique au Sénégal : cas du Lycée d’enseignement technique et de formation professionnelle de Thiès

What are the current uses of ICT in vocational and technical training by trainers in Senegal And what are their training needs? To answer these questions, our case study was conducted with 38 teachers in the five vocational streams of the Technical and Vocational Training High School in Thiès. A survey questionnaire administered to 45 teachers collected the data used as a basis for answering the research questions. The analysis and interpretation of these data was done with reference to the theoretical framework with a reference integration model, the ASPID model. These data revealed that the teachers who participated in this study are divided between the level of adoption and the level of substitution of the ASPID model. Nevertheless, the study revealed that the lack of mastery of the competency-based approach by some trainers, with only 45% who claim to have a good mastery of the pedagogical approach. This could put some teachers in the deterioration phase of the ASPID model because the use of technologies is not in line with the content of the standards. This could greatly accentuate the educational gaps due to the misuse of technologies in the school context. In addition, the discussion helped to support the areas of individual capacity building for teachers through the definition of the skills to which teachers should be trained in order to make good progress in the progress and innovation phases of the ASPID model.

Keyphrases: technologies, teacher training, quality of the training offer, competence based approach, professional training, educational integration, learning situation; ASPID model, Africa
Analyse et comparaison de l’effet cornéen du traitement d’orthokératologie

Myopia is a growing visual problem everywhere on a world stage. High myopia is considered as a public health problem in some region of the world. To counter this trend, many strategies were developed to slow the myopia progression, including orthokeratology. Orthokeratology is a non-chirurgical method that mold the cornea to reshape it by flattening the central region and steepening the peripheral region in order to correct the distance vision and to create an image align or in front the peripheral retina. A retrospective analysis of the orthokeratology corneal optical effect was done on 64 comparative corneal topography for the two study groups (4 curves lens (Group A) and 5 curves (Group B) orthokeratology lenses). The addition power created in mid-peripheral corneal zone was similar between the two lens designs while the central distance zone diameter was different.  A strong correlation was found between the central distance zone diameter and the addition power created for the A lens. It provides evidence that the orthokeratology lens design difference created different central distance zone diameters which can affect clinical lens choice in the case of refractive correction and myopia control purposes.

Keyphrases: vision sciences, myopia, corneal optics, topography, orthokeratology
Polarized partisanship in Turkey

A vast literature demonstrates that partisanship has a stabilizing impact on politics, as it limits electoral volatility. Recent studies have also shown that polarization increases partisanship; as parties differ more in their policy positions, they become more visible and citizens identify themselves more with a political party. Polarization thus leads to partisanship, and partisanship stabilizes the politics. While multiple studies have already tested the application of party identification outside the US, less is known about the implications of party identification in polarized non-consolidated democracies. Focusing on Turkey, this study investigates partisanship in a highly polarized context by means of data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, modules 3 and 4. The results suggest that Turkey, after decades of electoral instability, has been stabilized with an increase in partisanship. However, this research also finds that high polarization in Turkey is associated with more biased perceptions of short-term factors. This study draws normative implications about partisanship in light of democratic theory.

Keyphrases: voting behavior, party identification, polarization, vote, Turkey
Leadership d’habilitation et performance : étude dans le secteur de la fabrication métallique industrielle

The objective of this research is to measure the impact of empowering leadership on different performance outcomes: task performance, contextual performance and deviance behaviors. We tested in this study that this type of leadership would improve task performance and contextual performance as well as lower the prevalence of deviance in the workplace. Moreover, we tested the impact of organizational support in this relationship and hypothesized that it would enhance the effect of empowering leadership on performance criteria.   This study was conducted in the industrial metalworking sector of Québec, an economic sector that needs to be revamped by improving the productivity of its human resources. The data was collected by distributing surveys to 263 employees of the sector and their supervisors and structural equation modeling was used to test our research hypotheses. Results show that empowering leadership reduces deviance behaviors in the workplace. Our hypotheses concerning the moderating role of organizational support were not supported. Additional analyses showed the essential role of psychological empowerment in the positive relation between empowering leadership and both task performance and interpersonal contextual performance. Overall, our results show that organizations in the metalworking industry would benefit from the training of their managers to an empowering leadership style because it can reduce deviance behaviors and ameliorates task performance and interpersonal contextual performance through the generation of psychological empowerment.

Keyphrases: Leadership, Empowerment, Performance, Organizational citizenship behaviors, Workplace deviance, Organizational support
How do parents of a child with cancer perceive their psychosocial needs from cancer diagnosis to remission? : a systematic review of qualitative data

Introduction: To improve psychosocial care, it is imperative to focus on the needs of parents, based on their own opinions and experiences. Objectives: This systematic review of the literature and thematic synthesis aims to: (1) identify the different categories of psychosocial needs reported by parents (2) isolate the unmet needs of parents, and (3) analyze the relationship between reported needs and the moment of the trajectory. We selected qualitative and mixed studies on the psychosocial needs of parents in pediatric oncology in PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases. To select studies and extract methodological data for the thematic synthesis, we used the Consolidated criteria for qualitative research - COREQ tool (Tong, Sainsbury, & Craig, 2007). Results: We identified 102 studies with these criteria, of which 18 were synthesized in Nvivo 11 with line-by-line coding and thematic analysis of study results. This analysis revealed five categories of unmet needs: 1) social; 2) relational; 3) emotional; 4) displacement; 5) informational. Parents' unmet needs related to 1) lack of family and social support; 2) difficult relationship with the healthcare team; 3) ineffective coping with cancer; 4) ineffective communication about cancer; 5) difficult transition from hospital to home. These reported needs were present at all stages of the cancer trajectory, except for the need for support during the return home after the end of treatment. The thematic synthesis also identified the following themes of improvement suggestions for psychosocial care based on parental opinion: 1) strengthening relationships with family and community; 2) investing in a positive relationship with parents; 3) helping manage emotions and the practical aspects of the disease; 4) helping with the transition to the home; 5) giving information about cancer. Conclusion: This systematic review presents parents’ unmet psychosocial needs and their suggestions about how the psychosocial care they receive could be improved, based on their own unmet needs. Parental opinions about their care are the base for the social validity of psychosocial care.

Keyphrases: Parents’ psychosocial unmet needs, Thematic synthesis, Psychosocial care