Le site CjEd-8 : l'Archaïque supérieur au Témiscouata

Continuously occupied for 10,000 years, and due to its strategic location between the Atlantic Ocean and the St. Lawrence Valley, the Temiscouata region is key to understand the prehistory of Quebec. Moreover, some fifty archaeological sites are known in the region. Of those, the site labelled CjEd-8 is the only one that has a Late Archaic occupation (6,000 to 4,000 BP). The present research consists in the analysis of the lithic assemblage recovered from CjEd-8. Our research questions are the following: What were the activities and lifeways of the site's inhabitants? What were the environmental characteristics and what cultural adaptations did they trigger? How was space used at the site? How does the site compare with other Late Archaic settlements in Quebec and the Northeast? Can we position the site's occupation within a broader cultural or regional framework, within an interaction sphere, for instance?   We have performed an individual techno-morphological analysis of all tools and debitage from the collection. These demonstrate that all stages of lithic reduction (initial, intermediary, and final) are present at CjEd-8. All these reduction stages include local raw materials, but exotic raw materials are principally represented among the initial reduction stages, more so than local materials. This suggests that the initial reduction of local raw material blocks and cobbles was performed elsewhere than on the site, most likely directly in the vicinity of the region's chert quarries. It also indicates that exotic materials were worked at the site. Stone knapping activities have taken place on both the site's zones, probably around two distinct hearths. It appears that the few individuals present at the site remained there for a short period of time, performing a limited number of activities before leaving, and that they returned some time thereafter. The Late Archaic is characterized by population growth, intensification of inter-group interaction, and a rise in regional identity. However, we are witnessing the opposite to be happening in Temiscouata. The assemblage from CjEd-8 presents no obvious similarity with other Late Archaic sites in Quebec, although all these sites exhibit a preferred exploitation of local raw materials (even when they are of mediocre quality), combined with the use of exotic raw materials from very distant sources. The use of quartz, very common on most Late Archaic sites, is not well represented at CjEd-8.     Although it is at present impossible to link the occupation of CjEd-8 with any specific cultural tradition, it does not immediately follow that its inhabitants were not interacting with one or more Late Archaic cultural entities, such as groups from the Quoddy region, Gaspesie, the St. Lawrence Valley, the Ottawa Valley, the Upper North Coast of the St. Lawrence River, Vermont, New York State, or inland Maine.   The matter of subsistence patterns was not addressed as part of our analyses. We nonetheless know that the inhabitants of Temiscouata had access to a rich and diversified fauna.

Keyphrases: CjEd-8, Archaeology, Temiscouata, Prehistory, Quebec, Late Archaic, Interaction network, St.Lawrence