Influence du financement sur la performance des systèmes de soins

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of health care financing on the performance of health care systems when organizational characteristics of health care system contexts are taken into consideration. It focuses on the following three objectives: 1) to characterize health care financing across the various models emerging in high-income countries; 2) to assess the performance of these health care systems by identifying the different profiles seen in these countries; and 3) to examine the relationship between health care financing and system performance, taking into account the moderating influence of the organizational context of health care. Inspired by the revenue flow process in health care systems, the approach adopted consisted in first classifying the countries studied – using configurational analysis operationalized through multiple components analysis (MCA) and ascending hierarchical classification (AHC) – into typical models, each representing a particular configuration of health care financing processes (article 1). Analysis of data collected on 27 high-income OECD countries from the Health Care in Transition reports produced by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, the 2007 Éco-Santé OCDE database and the 2008 WHO statistics revealed five financing models. These models differ among themselves in terms of the functions of collecting money (collection), pooling the collected funds (pooling), distributing the collected and pooled funds (allocation) and paying the professionals and health care establishments (payment). The models thus developed, which extend beyond the simple process of collecting money, provide a more complete picture of the health care financing process. As such, they enable a better understanding of the internal coherence that exists among the four health care financing functions that will impact any change in a country’s health care financing system. Next, based on a multidimensional conception of health care system performance, we classified the same 27 countries according to three parameters: (1) their levels of resources mobilized, health care services provided and health outcomes achieved (absolute performance); (2) the efforts they invested to achieve higher levels of health outcomes in proportion to resources mobilized and health care services provided, in terms of efficiency, efficacy and productivity (relative performance); and (3) the overall performance profiles that emerged when absolute performance and relative performance were combined (article 2). The analyses we carried out on the data collected for these 27 countries produced four profiles that were differentiated in their multidimensional and overall performance. The results thus obtained allow us to compare overall health care system performance among high-income countries. Finally, to answer the question of what financing modalities would generate the best performance, and in what types of health care organizational contexts, we carried out an in-depth analysis of the relations between health care financing and health care system performance (as defined above), taking into account the organizational characteristics of the health care contexts (article 3). The analysis revealed almost no direct relations between health care financing and health care performance. However, when we looked at interactions between financing and health care organizational contexts to capture the level of system performance, some relevant relations emerged. Thus, in terms of performance, some health care financing modalities would appear to be more appealing than others, depending on the organizational characteristics of the health care context. These results can help health care system stakeholders to understand that there is only an indirect relationship between financing and system performance, due to the interaction between health care financing and the organizational characteristics of health care contexts. One original aspect of this thesis lies in the fact that very few studies have attempted to operationalize the concepts of health care system financing and performance using multidimensional approaches before analyzing any relationships that might exist between them. Furthermore, despite the relevance of taking into account the organizational characteristics of health care contexts in health system reforms, this thesis is the one of the first to analyze the impact of the interaction between health care financing and organizational contexts on health care system performance.

Keyphrases: performance, interaction, Health care systems, financing, performance, organizational context, models, profiles, interaction, configurational approach