NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La mise en éclats de l’héritage chez Lydie Salvayre

Few studies have examined the work of the French novelist Lydie Salvayre, whose first novel was published in 1990. It seems appropriate to look more seriously into her work, which shows a genuine demand of writing. One part of the work of Salvayre interests me more specifically: its relation to inheritance. I consider this relation in the themes, the writing and the form of her novels La Puissance des mouches (1995) and La Méthode Mila (2005). In each of these two novels, the narrator has a troubled relationship with both his family heritage and his cultural heritage, especially that of philosophy and classical satire. Torn between the everyday world (trivial) and the world of ideas (sublime), the character is looking for a way out: he wonders how to live. In La Puissance des mouches, the narrator is possessed with hatred for his father and confesses love for Pascal. In La Méthode Mila, he is torn between a senile mother at his charge and an obsession for Descartes. I will study how this breach is lived and how the text labors it. The way the author highlights the concept of legacy—it pastiche, shakes, bullies, away classics—leaves no amount of servile compliance. This way to inherit, to break with the evidence of continuity with the past, poses a fundamental question: how does one inherit today, and why?

Keyphrases: French novel, Contemporary literature, Mémoire, Memory, Lydie Salvayre, Lydie Salvayre, Heritage, Mémoire, Memory
Conception et développement d’un environnement d’apprentissage sur les transformations d’énergies et leurs rendements

The energy sector is at the heart of the concerns technological, political and economic modern society. This area requires a basic understanding of the scientific concept of energy. It is our opinion essential to any citizen training. We initially, from theoretical and practical considerations, examined why this area is so important in our technological society is so little discussed in the Quebec curriculum? Why do we merely a theoretical and discursive concept? Why, contrary to all scientific education, have we not considered learning situations in the laboratory for the study of energy? In a second step, we proposed an idea of practical and realistic solution to address all these questions. A solution that invites students to engage constructively in laboratory activities to appropriate these concepts. To do this, we have developed global variables energies that allowed students to experiment and measure energy transformations easily. This quest for technological development in education is therefore to take advantage of new technological developments in computing and microelectronics to design, build and test a computerized environment learning laboratory for science and technology. With this energy is at the confluence of three domains, this environment has been designed to support the same activity in the learning of mathematics, science and technology. This integration recommended by the new programs we believe is essential to the understanding of concepts related to energy and its transformations. For this learning activity multidisciplinary, we want, via an empirical and practical address these issues of energy transformations in order to give students the ability to develop the prototypes they build technology to improve their performance. We have shown that this approach techno, similar to the design of an experimental design in science, promotes understanding of concepts related to energy and their transformations. This educational development, open to scientific investigation, provides educational benefit, not only for practicing teachers and student teachers, but also for students from the fifth year of high school, we have shown in a setting tested empirically.

Keyphrases: ExAO, Energy, Energy transformation, Energy efficiency, Research development, ExAO, Didactic, Laboratory, Experimentation
Le théorème de lebesgue sur la dérivabilité des fonctions à variation bornée

In this dissertation, we will be handling a theorem of Lebesgue, one of the most stricking and ultimate of mathematical analysis ; namely a function with bounded variation has a derivative almost everywhere. The aim of our research is to provide, apart from the proof usually offered in measure theory courses, other demontrations achieved with more simple mathematical tools. My contribution was primarily to simplify and to complete these demonstrations, to include the most of the drawings in order to visualize what is being said. For this theorem, which has other presentations, we will give now the history and three different demonstrations.

Keyphrases: Intervalle, Monotone, Derivative, Function, Interval, Measure, Monotonic, Bounded variation
The role of PPARgamma in cartilage growth and development using cartilage-specific PPARgamma knockout mice

Cartilage, a connective tissue composed of chondrocytes, provides an intermediate template on which bones are formed. Long bones develop through endochondral ossification, involving coordination between chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, resulting in bone replacing cartilage. Disturbances in this balance results in skeletal abnormalities, and age-related defects including osteoarthritis (OA). The exact mechanisms that control chondrocyte function and behaviour during growth and development are unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, a transcription factor involved in lipid homeostasis, has recently been suggested to be involved in bone homeostasis. However, PPARγ’s role in cartilage growth and development in vivo is unknown. Therefore, for the first time, this study examines PPARγ’s specific in vivo role in cartilage growth and development using cartilage-specific PPARγ knockout (KO) mice. Conditional KO mice were generated using LoxP/Cre system. Histomorphometric analyses of embryonic and adult mutant mice demonstrate reduced long bone growth, calcium deposition, bone density, vascularity, and delayed primary and secondary ossification. Mutant growth plates are disorganized with abnormal chondrocyte shape, proliferation and differentiation, reduced cellularity, loss of columnar organization, and shorter hypertrophic zones. Isolated mutant chondrocytes and cartilage explants show decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and extracellular matrix (ECM) production product expression, and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 expression. Aged mutant mice exhibit accelerated OA-like phenotypes, and enhanced cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, MMP-13 and MMP-generated neoepitope expression. Our data demonstrate that PPARγ is required for normal skeletal development and homeostasis, and is a critical regulator of cartilage health and physiology in early growth and development and aging.

Keyphrases: PPARgamma, Osteoarthritis, Knockout mice, Cartilage growth and development, Aging, Chondrogenesis, Endochondral ossification
Le développement des proportions métaphysaires chez les hominoïdes : croissance et influence de la locomotion

This thesis analyses the relationship between morphology, locomotion and growth in hominoids by studying metaphyseal proportions and development. Several levels of analysis — interlimb, upper and lower limbs — are discussed in an ontogenic perspective. Body mass and direction of loads affect the morphology of articular and metaphyseal surfaces but also their development. Taking into account the locomotion of a species and related loads during growth, we try to determine when proportions change, if at all, and why they appear. Australopithecus afarensis is one species for which the debate about its locomotion is still ongoing, study of the ontogeny of its proportions may shed light on the functions of its limbs during locomotion.  Linear measurements were collected on the humerus, radius, ulna, femur and tibia of H. sapiens, P. troglodytes, G. gorilla and P. pygmaeus. From these measurements, ratios have been calculated to intra and inter limb proportions of hominoid appendicular skeleton for different age groups.  Differences between species are most significant at the interlimb level and relative to the different relative percentage of upper and lower limbs use. Within species, results reveal a similarity for metaphyseal surfaces responses to loads at all levels of analyses. Proportional changes take place between dental stages 0 and 1 for H. sapiens (acquisition of bipedality), between stages 2 and 4 for P. troglodytes (majority of body weight supported by the lower limb) and between stages 3 and 5 for G. gorilla (knuckle-walking for 85 % of the time). For P. pygmaeus, no proportional change occur at any specific stage, which corresponds to the absence of changes in locomotor behavior from birth to adulthood in that species. From these data, it appears that proportional differences are responses to major changes in the mode of locomotion. Australopithecus afarensis is intermediate between H. sapiens and apes for many proportional comparisons while the knee joint, contrarily to expectation, is not like the bipedal humans.

Keyphrases: Locomotion, Paleoanthropology, Development, Growth, Metaphyseal proportions, Hominoids
Brooklyn, capitale du rock indépendant : médiations, réseaux et le train « L »

Over recent years, Brooklyn has become a global epicenter for the production of alternative popular music known as « indie music ». Using ethnographic methods, this thesis examines the role of mediators in the definition of the socio-musical network of the Brooklyn’s indie music scene in New York. It emphasizes the way in which, historically, Williamsburg has come to be an important neighboorhood for musicians and how hipsters, as a community, use different practices in order to manage a hegemonic relationship with the majors. At the center of this analysis is a discussion of the « do it yourself » ethic and the place of New York in the world, musically speaking. Finally, the way some medias define and structure the musical field is also of a part of the analysis.

Keyphrases: Brooklyn, Hipster, Culture alternative, Ethnology, Alternative culture, Popular Music
Évaluation de la régulation de l'oxygénation dans les capillaires de la tête du nerf optique suivant un effort physique dynamique

It is generally accepted that ocular vascular beds have the ability to autoregulate their blood flow to counter balance the variations in the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP). Many studies have tried to evaluate this mechanism by quantifying the effects of a variation in OPP on the ocular blood flow (OBF). This was induced by either exercise or scleral suction which increases intra-ocular pressure (IOP). However, the methods used for these measurements have many disadvantages and limitations, which deters their clinical use. Recent developments in the field of non-invasive investigation of ocular blood parameters propose a model for the measurement, in real-time, of oxygen concentration in the blood streams, another important parameter of the retinal metabolism. In the present study, this new model is used to evaluate the effects of dynamic physical efforts on the blood oxygenation in the optic nerve head capillary structures (BOONH) in young healthy subjects. Six non-smoking young men participated in the study. 15-minute sessions of stationary bicycle leading to a heart rate of 160bpm were performed as dynamic physical effort. The BOONH was measured before and immediately after the exercise. The blood pressure (BP) and the IOP were measured periodically while the heart rate and the oxygen saturation in blood (SpO2) were measured in a finger throughout the exercise. The physical effort led to a reduction of the IOP in all subjects, a decrease in the BOONH in all but one subjects and a constant SpO2 in all subjects. A quadratic correlation was observed between the variations in IOP and in BOONH. These results suggest a direct correlation between the variations in BOONH and those of the OPP and the BP. The results of the present study suggest that the variations in BOONH in a healthy subject following a physical dynamic effort could indicate his/her capacity to compensate for such an effort. Moreover, the metabolic changes in the blood due to physical dynamic efforts could be a common cause of the variations in IOP and BOONH.

Keyphrases: Oxymetry, Spectrophotometry, Exercise, Ocular blood flow, Oxygen concentration, Autoregulation, Intraocular pressure, Optic nerve, Blood pressure, Retinal metabolism
Temporal patterns of memory source incorporations into dreams and their relationships to dreamed locus of control

Memories for a daytime event reappear in fragmented form in dream content following a distinct, U-shaped, temporal pattern: immediate incorporations appear on days 1-2 after the event (day-residue effect) and delayed incorporation appear on days 5-7 after the event (dream-lag effect). These two effects are thought to reflect memory consolidation processes linked with dreaming. The U-shaped pattern has been observed for a variety of experimental stimuli, however, no studies have investigated whether dream content also reacts to daytime events in a more general or non-specific way. The aim of this study was to examine whether two qualitatively distinct events, an overnight laboratory (LAB) stay, considered as an interpersonal event, and virtual reality maze task (VR), considered as a non-interpersonal event, are incorporated differently into dream content. We expected that 1) specific elements related to the LAB and VR events would be expressed with different temporal patterns, and 2) these specific incorporations would be associated with more general changes in Dream locus of control (LoC). 26 participants spent one night in the laboratory, underwent a VR maze task, and kept a dream diary for 10 days. Dream reports were scored for specific LAB and VR elements and for general changes in Dream LoC. Two main findings confirmed our expectations: 1) LAB and VR incorporations were inversely related and exhibited distinct temporal patterns. LAB incorporations were U-shaped with both day-residue and dream-lag effects. VR vi incorporations followed a different pattern, with a peak on day 4. 2) Dream LoC scores were more external for day 1 (peak of LAB incorporations) and more internal for day 4 (peak of VR incorporations). These different incorporation patterns may reflect differences in how memory consolidation processes dealt with the two events, with the interpersonal experience being incorporated earlier in time. Dream LoC findings may reflect more general memory processes that are partially independent from the specific incorporations and that affect construction of the whole dream narrative.

Keyphrases: Dreams, Memory, Day-residue effect, Dream-Lag effect, Locus of control
The role of Caulobacter crescentus XerC and XerD recombinases in site-specific recombination

In most bacteria, the chromosomal dimer resolution process is mediated by two tyrosine recombinases, XerC and XerD, which bind cooperatively and perform the recombination reaction at the dif site near the terminus of replication.  This reaction also requires the C-terminal domain of the cell division protein FtsK. Caulobacter crescentus is an aquatic Gram-negative bacterium found in various environments. This bacterium has an asymmetric cell cycle which can be used to synchronize cell growth in order to study the temporal expression of a gene and the interconnection between the cell cycle and development. The binding activity and the formation of phosphotyrosyl complex of the C. crescentus recombinases, ccXerC and ccXerD, were tested on the C. crescentus dif (ccdif) site. Both ccXerC and ccXerD bound preferentially to the left half-site of ccdif and showed reduced cooperative binding, unlike what was found with the E. coli dif site. Covalent complex formation activity was tested by using fluorescently labelled linear “nicked suicide substrates” and labelled proteins. Heat and SDS-resistant protein-DNA complexes were formed when both wild-type ccXerC and ccXerD reacted with ccdif but not in the presence of active-site tyrosine mutant proteins. Phosphotyrosine complexes formed on the top-nicked suicide substrate were found to be more efficient than on the bottom-nicked suicide substrates and surprisingly ccXerC remained bound to both top and bottom-nicked ccdif suicide substrates.

Keyphrases: Tyrosine recombinase, XerC, XerD, dif, Caulobacter crescentus, Site-specific recombination, Tyrosine recombinase, XerC, XerD, dif, Caulobacter crescentus
Effet des angiopoïétines sur la survie des neutrophiles

We reported the expression of angiopoietin receptor Tie2 on the surface of human neutrophils.  In addition, we reported that Ang1 and Ang2 are both capable to promote pro-inflammatory activities in neutrophils, namely their adhesion onto endothelial cells (ECs) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) synthesis.  PAF is known to promote pro-survival activity on neutrophils and since both angiopoietins can modulate ECs viability, we addressed whether Ang1 and/or Ang2 could modulate neutrophil viability.  Human neutrophils were isolated from blood of healthy volunteers in accordance with the guidelines of the Montreal Heart Institute’s ethical committee.  Neutrophil viability was assessed by flow cytometry using apoptotic and necrotic markers. Treatment with anti-apoptotic mediators such as interleukin 8 (IL-8; 25 nM) and PAF (100 nM) increased neutrophil basal viability by 34 and 27%, respectively.  In addition, treatment with Ang1 (1 pM – 10 nM) increased neutrophil viability by up to 35%, while Ang2 had no effect.  Combination of IL-8 or PAF with Ang1 (10 nM) provided an additive effect on neutrophil viability and further increased viability by 56 and 60%, respectively.  Pretreatment of the neutrophils with blocking anti-IL-8 antibodies inhibited the anti-apoptotic effect of IL-8 and Ang1 by 92 and 80%, respectively.  In summary, our data are the first one to report Ang1 pro-survival activity on neutrophils, which is mainly driven through IL-8 release.

Keyphrases: interleukine-8, inflammation, angiopoietins, interleukin-8, neutrophil, viability, apoptosis, inflammation
L'occupation des monticules architecturaux au site Las Mercedes du Costa Rica : une étude de la variabilité stylistique de la céramique

The archaeological site of Las Mercedes is located on the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica. This monumental site is regarded as the center of a hierarchical society with a complex sociopolitical organization. Las Mercedes represented an administrative and ceremonial center between 1000 and 1500 CE. This thesis documents the ceramic assemblages excavated from stratified archaeological contexts at two architectural mounds. The project aims at understanding and sequencing the cultural affiliations reported at the site from a diachronic perspective. Radiometric measurements from the foundations of the mound structures cluster around 1000 CE. In addition, the ceramic assemblages corresponding to the cultural styles El Bosque (500 BCE-500 CE), La Selva (500-1000 CE)and La Cabana (1000-1500 CE) suggest an occupational sequence of approximately two millennia. Our study aim to understand this phenomenon. The data analysed in this study were collected during archaeological fieldwork in 2005, carried out jointly by the Museo Nacional of the Costa Rica and the Université de Montréal. The ceramic analyses focuses on technological, morphological and stylistic attributes. Results are interpreted from a comparative perspective. They suggest that independently of the archaeological contexts, ceramic assemblages exhibit heterogeneous stylistic compositions and include all three cultural styles : El Bosque, La Selva and La Cabana. However, a model of deposition reveals a certain character of homogeneity. Thus, the assemblages are composed in a recurring way of 12% of ceramics El Bosque, 55% La Selva and 33% La Cabana. This research leads to a premiliary interpretation of this mixture of ceramic styles. Tha amalgam of the ceramic styles indicates that Las Mercedes was occupied over a long period, however the results of our analyses have not being sufficient to confirm or to inform our working hypotheses.

Keyphrases: Costa Rica, Las Mercedes, ceramics, archaeology, complex society
Vulnérabilité, observance et adhésion 
thérapeutique : quels risques? : la prévention de la tuberculose chez les enfants immigrants à Montréal

While the number of new tuberculosis cases in Quebec has dropped considerably in recent decades, global epidemiology nonetheless shows that this disease is responsible for more than two million deaths every year. In Canada, some groups are more vulnerable than others; for example, immigrants from countries where tuberculosis is endemic. The Clinique de tuberculose du Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine constitutes an active tool in the fight against this disease, notably through its school screening program for immigrant children. This screening identifies carriers of latent tuberculosis, i.e. non-contagious form of the disease. A nine-month preventive course of treatment is provided to children with a positive result so as to forestall the development of tuberculosis disease (active form). In 28 % of cases, this treatment is not completed properly and in 11 % of cases, it is declined. This study focuses on both the issue of medical compliance and post-migration life conditions. Observations of consultations at the Tuberculosis Clinic and interviews with caregivers and families have led to a reflection on the prevention of tuberculosis in the context of migration, as well as the multifactorial nature of non-compliance. Data analysis reveals the impact of migration and living conditions (e.g. housing, employment and language proficiency, etc.) on the irregular intake of medication, allowing for a better understanding of this behaviour (Chapter 4). It was also possible to document a distinction between behaviour (compliance) and attitudes (adherence), nuancing the understanding of various therapeutic trajectories using multiple and diverse rationalities (Chapters 5 and 6). All this allows for reflection on the normative nature of categories such as "risk groups" and "risk behaviour", while leaving room for different referential universes and the impact of the overall living conditions of families (Chapter 7).

Keyphrases: Immigration, Tuberculose, Anthropology, Health, Immigration, Tuberculosis, Vulnerability, Compliance, Adherence, Rationality
Décliner la frontière : transit et contagion de la violence dans la fiction sacrificielle de Bernard-Marie Koltès

This M.A. thesis analyzes four plays by the French author Bernard-Marie Koltès. Resolutely focused on the study of written text, it begins by analyzing several disarrangements and a culture of ambiguity in the treatment of place, time and identity. The first goal of this interrogation is the deepening of some avenues already detected by the critique (marginality of places and characters, the constant presence of violence and death, etc.) in the search for a global meaning to a set of textual practices related to the notion of limit or boundary. Operating a change of perspective, the second part of the thesis focuses on violence and on the terms and consequences of its textualisation, in a simultaneous study of the creative act and of the practice of reading. Based on the theory of the sacrifice as developed by René Girard in La violence et le sacré, and nourished by the crossing of some important texts by various thinkers (Aristotle, Nietzsche, Artaud, Foucault, Derrida, Adorno, etc.), the analysis seeks the inscription of Koltesian text’s literariness in a broader enterprise having to do with violence, its regulation and its dissemination. At the intersection of theater studies, literature and philosophy, this study is an attempt to understand Koltès’ drama (especially Roberto Zucco) as a ritual sacrifice in order to obtain a better comprehension of its relationship to reality and some of its characteristics as for the cathartic mechanism.

Keyphrases: Bernard-Marie Koltès, Sacrifice, Violence, Catharsis, Bernard-Marie Koltes, Contemporary French drama, Sacrifice, Ritual, Violence, Catharsis