NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Au carrefour de l’intégration socio-professionnelle : perspectives et
questionnements de personnes vivant avec des problèmes de santé mentale

This theisis explores the social and economic integration of people with mental health problems in regard to paid work.  Work has become an important vehicle for social integration. Indeed, it is argued that having an occupation could be a tool to recovery and wellness in that it can reduce symptoms and prevent hospitalisation. Work also allows for increased social interactions and active participation in society. There are however, other vehicles for social integration that have the possibility of providing the same advantages as work. Volunteer activities improve the quality of life, promote social interaction and provide opportunities to contribute to community life. Moreover, social withdrawal can be viewed as a way to attain a sense of distance from social pressures and thus provide a beneficial break. It is argued that persons with mental health problems who have a positive perception of their marginal situation have a lower tendency for hospitalisation.  Based on a qualitative approach, this research has attempted to identify the reasons why people with a mental disorder engage in a process of socio-professional integration, social participation and social withdrawal. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 people, and through these interviews, a portrait of their  social and professional process has been presented. The interviews explored the impact of mental health problems on their reality and their identity, what the labour market represents, and the reasons that justify the decision to commit or  to abandon a process of socio-professional integration.  This research has demonstrated that there are five factors that can influence people’s decisions: the relationship to the social environment, identity, the relationship to state institutions, legitimizing discourses and future perspectives. The results show that we can isolate the notions of vulnerability, autonomy, well-being or stability in a specific phase. Vulnerability, autonomy, well-being and stability are states that can be lived in a situation of social withdrawal, social participation and professional integration. Depending on the circumstances and the emotional state of the person, they may be considered adaptive or inadequate modes of adaptation.

Keyphrases: Social integration, Social participation, Social withdrawal, Marginality, Mental health, Identity, Economic integration
L’expérience vécue par les mères haïtiennes vivant à Port-au-Prince ayant donné leur enfant en adoption internationale

In recent years, international adoption has become increasingly important worldwide, especially in Haiti. Each year, hundreds of children leave Haiti after being adopted. Since the 1990s, the number of adoptions is increasing. Yet, the majority of these children are not orphans or abandoned: these are the original families who bring their children to nurseries (orphanages). Therefore, it is of paramount to have the views of families who have lived this experience to understand the reasons that lead them to make such an important choice.  The main objective of this research is to better understand the experience of Haitian mothers living in Port-au-Prince who have given their children for international adoption. More specifically, it is to understand the expectations and motivations of mothers facing the proposed adoption, the meaning they give to this project and how they lived this separation. To do this, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with mothers who gave their children up for adoption.  The results of this study allowed us to understand the reasons why mothers give their children for adoption are varied and complex (problems of health, housing, employment, father absence, etc.). For the latter, the adoption may be considered as child welfare, a way to save the child from poverty or as a rescue solution. Moreover, when entrusting their children for adoption, mothers signed documents, of which they do not seem to know the contents. In addition, the lack of information on the future of the child and the pressure of society inducing mothers to feel regret, sadness, shame, fears, etc. Mothers also develop strategies to force orphanages or the Institute of Welfare and Research (IBESR) to inform them about the progress of their children. Besides the return of the child, the majority of mothers have physical and economic expectations for the child, the heads of orphanages and adoptive families.

Keyphrases: international adoption, Haiti, birth mothers
Perception de soi et de l’accumulation d’objets chez les personnes présentant des comportements de Hoarding

The main objective of this research is to understand the meaning of the accumulation of objects for the person presenting hoarding behaviours. Based on a constructivist framework, we used the empirical construction of theory to analyse 8 interviews. Stigma and the culture of exclusion of Erving Goffman and Howard Becker theories allowed us to understand and to analyze the construction of social ties among people with hoarding behaviours. The application of the theory of Elkaïm to this problem allowed us to understand one of the great challenges of the intervention with this population, the negative feedback. The analysis allowed us to distinguish 3 profiles of hoarder. This research work proposes a different perspective to hoarding, based on a paradigm that was never used before in the comprehension of that problematic and that is proper to social work, in contrast with the prevailing medical model that dominates the literature.

Keyphrases: Accumulation excessive, Accumulation compulsive, Accumulation, Compulsive hoarding, Compulsive hoarding, Hoarding, Social link, Social work, Recherche qualitative, Qualitative research, Excessive hoarding, Pathological hoarding
Les routes d’invasion du criocère du lis (Lilioceris lilii) en Amérique du Nord

The lily leaf beetle, Lilioceris lilii (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a Eurasian pest of lilies and fritillaries, was first observed in North America in 1943 on the Island of Montréal, Canada. After being confined to Montréal for approximately 25 years, the beetle quickly progressed in North America, and is currently present in eight Canadian provinces and eight American states. During this study, we have investigated the routes of invasion followed by L. lilii in North America, using AFLP markers. We sampled and analysed 516 individuals from 34 sites across North America and Europe. Our first objective was to characterize the genetic structure of North American L. lilii populations to determine if they originated from a single or form multiple introductions from Europe. The second objective was to identify the geographical origin of the invasive population(s). Finally, the third objective was to trace back the geographical routes of invasion of L. lilii in North America, using information from both the dates of first observations and the genetic structure of sampled populations. Our results showed clear genetic difference between individuals from Canada and the USA, suggesting at least two different sources of introductions of L. lilii in North America. A first episode of introduction took place in Montréal, Canada in the 1940’s while a second introduction occurred in Cambridge, Massachusetts, around 1990. Also, both North American populations seem to originate from different populations in northern Europe, which support the hypothesis of two distinct sources of introduction. Each population next progressed in its respective country following a stratified dispersal. Indeed, continuous progression of the beetle in some regions of North America suggests a pattern of natural dispersion, while human-mediated carrying of infected lilies seemed to be responsible for the long-range movement of the beetle.

Keyphrases: Lilioceris lilii, AFLP, Lily leaf beetle, Invasive species, Routes of invasion, Populations genetic, Genetic clustering analysis, Population allocation
Comparaison de deux stratégies pour favoriser la généralisation des apprentissages chez des enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often show difficulties in generalizing what they have learned to new stimuli, contexts or persons (Brown & Bebko, 2012; Happé & Frith, 2006; Lovaas, Koegel, Simmons, & Long, 1973; Plaisted, O'Riordan, & Baron-Cohen, 1998). For this reason, it is important to implement strategies to promote generalization within programs intended for this population. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two of the most commonly used strategies in intensive behavioral intervention (IBI), serial training and concurrent teaching, to determine whether one was systematically more effective than the other at promoting generalization in children with ASD? Single-case experimental designs were used to assess the effects of the two strategies with four children with an ASD diagnosis receiving services in a private clinic. For two participants, concurrent teaching was more effective to promote generalisation of the learned concepts. For the remaining two participants, the two strategies were equally effective. Albeit preliminary, the results suggest that it may be preferable to introduce exemplars concurrently when teaching concepts to children with ASD within IBI programs.

Keyphrases: Autism spectrum disorder, Generalization, Early intervention, Serial training, Concurrent training
Les instabilités magnétohydrodynamiques dans EULAG-MHD

Even today, the physical mecanisms generating the solar magnetic cycle are not yet fully understood. Recent research has suggested that magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) instabilities could be present and perhaps have a significant influence on the magnetic cycle period through their ability to accelerate the destruction of established large scale magnetic fields. In the present work, we investigate the existence and operation of an in- stability operating within an EULAG-MHD simulation of solar convection. We define a magnetic energy-based proxy designed to be sensitive to the growth of the MHD instabi- lity suspected to develop in the simulation, and compare its temporal behavior to another energy-based proxy characterizing the primary large-scale magnetic cycle. Both proxies show phase-lagged cyclic behavior with similar amplitudes. We follow up on this ana- lysis by applying another method based of the identification of "unstable zones" inside our convectively stable layer, using a known linear stability criterion for the so-called "Tayler instability". The application of this stability criterion reveals an equatorward mi- gration of a small unstable zone that starts at very high latitudes at each poles, crosses the zonal bands of strong toroidal magnetic field building up in the simulation, and acce- lerates towards the equator. This "instability front" appears to accelerate the destruction of the established magnetic field and thus facilitates polarity reversal and the buildup of the opposite polarity magnetic field for the subsequent half-period of the cycle. The combination of both types of analyses enables us to propose a plausible dynamo scenario that includes the effets of this instability on the magnetic cycle as well as on the global stability of our simulation. In the context of this scenario, it must be emphasized that the polarity inversions per se are not driven by the instability, which only supports the pola- rity reversals process by means of accelerated desctruction of the established large-scale magnetic field.

Keyphrases: Instabilities, Magnetohydrodynamics, Solar magnetic cycle
Étude et caractérisation de détecteurs à liquide en surchauffe

Experimental measurements show that only 4\% of the mass-energy density of the universe is made of atomic matter. Dark matter and dark energy are responsible for 24\% and 71\% of the mass-energy density. The theory of supersymmetry predicts a new set of particles. The neutralino, which is the lightest stable particle, is one of the favorite candidates for dark matter. The Project in Canada to Search for Supersymmetric Objects (PICASSO) seeks dark matter using superheated droplets detectors (SDD). A phase transition occurs when a particle interact with a C$_4$F$_{10}$ droplet and deposits enough energy within a certain critical radius. An acoustic wave is created during this phase transition and piezoelectric sensors transform this acoustic signal into an electrical signal. This signal is then amplified, digitised and recorded for further analysis. In this work is presented a study on superheated droplets detectors aiming in particular at an improvement of the alpha background discrimination. The data acquisition system has been tested in order to check the coupling between the piezoelectric sensors and the acrylic wall of the detector, the efficiency of the amplifier gain of the piezoelectric sensors and the effect of the gain on the quality of the signal. The SIMPLE (Superheated Instrument for Massive ParticLe Experiments) experiment stated that they could obtain a 97\% discrimination of the alpha background using superheated droplets detectors and electric microphones. This work concludes that PICASSO detectors are not sensitive to this effect. Finally, a small droplet detector has been studied and it has been concluded that a small droplets site does not improve the alpha background discrimination.

Keyphrases: PICASSO, WIMP, Dark matter, Neutralino, Acquisition system, Supersymmetry, SUSY
Problème inverse de Galois : critère de rigidité

In this master thesis we study finite Galois extensions of C(x). We prove  Riemann existence theorem. The notions of rigidity, weak rigidity, and rationality are developed. We obtain the rigidity criterion which enable us to realise some groups as Galois groups over Q. Many examples of ramification types are constructed.

Keyphrases: Type de ramification, Ramification type, Galois covering, Kappa-rational tuple of conjugacy classes
Exclamatives en -tu, donc et assez en français québécois : types et sous-types

In this thesis, we argue that there are two subtypes of exclamative clauses in Quebec French. Based on the Speech Act theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969; Searle & Vanderveken, 1985) and the Clause Type theory (Sadock & Zwicky, 1985; Reis, 1999), our analysis is concerned with a set of seemingly synonymous exclamative constructions respectively marked by the exclamative morphemes -tu, donc, and assez (1).  (1) Elle est-tu/donc/assez belle! 'Isn't she pretty!/She's so pretty!' We show that despite the fact that exclamative constructions with -tu, donc, and assez all meet the criteria for the exclamative clause type given by Zanuttini and Portner (2003) (factivity, evaluativity/scalar implicature, expressivity/speaker orientedness and inability to appear in question/answer pairs), exclamative speech acts performed by uttering exclamative constructions with -tu/donc have different felicity conditions than exclamative speech acts performed by uttering exclamative constructions with assez. For an exclamative construction with -tu/donc to be uttered felicitously, the hearer must be in a specific epistemic state: she must be able to corroborate the judgment expressed by the speaker. Exclamative constructions with assez are not subject to such a constraint. We show that this pragmatic distinction can be correlated with syntactic and semantic distinctions and conclude that there are, indeed, two subtypes of exclamative clauses in Quebec French. Our research thus opens new empirical and theoretical perspectives for the description and analysis of the grammar of speech acts.

Keyphrases: Exclamative, Présupposition, Semantics, Speech act, Clause type, Exclamative, Quebec French, Factivity, Presupposition, Conventional implicature
Méthodologie de conversion de dictionnaires spécialisés en dictionnaires d’apprentissage : application au domaine de l’informatique

This work describes a methodology for converting a specialized dictionary into a learner’s dictionary. The dictionary to which we apply our conversion method is the DiCoInfo, Dictionnaire fondamental de l’informatique et de l’Internet. We focus on changes affecting the presentation of data categories. What is meant by specialized dictionary for learners, in our case, is a dictionary covering the field of computer science and Internet meeting our users’ needs in communicative and cognitive situations. Our dictionary is aimed at learners’ of the computing language. We start by presenting a detailed description of four dictionaries for learners. We explain how the observations made on these resources have helped us in developing our methodology.In order to develop our methodology, first, based on Bergenholtz and Tarp’s works (Bergenholtz 2003; Tarp 2008; Fuertes Olivera and Tarp 2011), we defined the type of users who may use our dictionary. Translators are our first intended users. Other users working in the fields related to translation are also targeted: proofreaders, technical writers, interpreters. We also determined the use situations of our dictionary. It aims to assist the learners in solving text reception and text production problems (communicative situations) and in studying the terminology of computing (cognitive situations). Thus, we could establish its lexicographical functions: communicative and cognitive functions. Then, we extracted 50 articles from the DiCoInfo to which we applied a number of changes in different aspects: the layout, the presentation of data, the navigation and the use of multimedia. The changes were made according to two fundamental parameters: 1) simplification of the presentation; 2) lexicographic functions (which include the intended users and user’s situations). In this way, we exploited the widgets offered by the technology to update the interface and layout. Strategies have been developed to organize a large number of lexical links in a simpler way. We associated these links with examples showing their use in specific contexts. Multimedia as audio pronunciation and illustrations has been used.

Keyphrases: learners’ dictionary, specialized dictionary, learner lexicography, communicative situations, cognitive situations, users’ typology, learner
Algorithmes heuristiques et exacts pour le problème de l’ensemble dominant connexe minimum

In this work, we address the minimum connected dominating set problem. We focus, in particular, on the development of solution methods based on constraint programming and integer programming, including one heuristic and some exact methods that can be used as heuristics if we limit their running time. These are based on Benders decomposition and exploit a stand-alone and an iterative probing strategy. In particular, we develop a method based on the stand-alone Benders decomposition, another combining this one with an iterative probing strategy, a variant of the latter using constraint programming, and finally, a method using only constraint programming. Experimental results show that these methods are effecient, since they perform better than those known in the literature. In particular, iterative probing Benders decomposition provides the best results overall.

Keyphrases: Connected dominating set, Benders decomposition, Iterative probing, Constraint programming, Integer programming
Flou de mouvement réaliste en temps réel

High-quality motion blur is an increasingly important effect in interactive graphics. With the continuous increase in asset quality and scene fidelity comes a similar desire for more detailed and realistic lenticular effects.  However, even in the context of offline rendering, motion blur is often approximated as a post process. Recent motion blur post-processes have made great leaps in visual quality, generating plausible results with interactive performance. Still, distracting artifacts remain in the presence of, for instance, overlapping motion or large- and fine-scale motion features, as well as in the presence of both linear and rotational motion. Furthermore, large scale motion often tends to cause obvious artifacts at boundary points.  This thesis addresses these artifacts with a more robust sampling and filtering scheme that samples across two directions which are dynamically and automatically selected to provide the most accurate image possible. These modifications come at a very slight penalty compared to previous motion blur implementations: we render plausible, temporally-coherent motion blur on several complex animation sequences, all in under 2ms at a resolution of 1280 x 720. Moreover, our filter is designed to integrate seamlessly with post-process anti-aliasing.

Keyphrases: motion blur, post process, interactive graphics, filtering, computer graphics
Privacy in Bitcoin through decentralized mixers

In cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, the anonymity of the users may be compromised in many ways. In this thesis, we review the literature concerning existing protocols used to increase anonymity by a method called mixing and produce a classification for such protocols. We propose a decentralized synchronous N-to-N mixing model that takes into account many considerations of mixers. We address two frameworks within this model, the transaction blueprint and the network of transactions, the second approach being a new contribution. We explain how it functions and analyse its efficiency in the current Bitcoin ecosystem.

Keyphrases: Bitcoin, anonymity, privacy, mixer, ecash, cryptocurrency, network
Une ville bien arrosée : Montréal durant l'ère de la prohibition (1920-1933)

At the beginning of the 1920s, the city of Montreal found itself in a rather unique situation. At the time, the United States and every Canadian province with the exception of Quebec had adopted prohibition of alcohol. Yet even in Quebec, about half of the population of the province was under local prohibitions (voted at the municipal level) since the beginning of the 20th century, prohibitions which persisted for the most part throughout the period under study. During this era of prohibition of alcohol in North America, Montreal was the largest city, and one of the only on the continent, not under prohibition. It was also the city living under the most liberal alcohol laws on both sides of 49th parallel thanks to the creation of the Quebec Liquor Commission (QLC), the first system of government control of alcohol in North America. Thus, Montreal became a rare oasis in a continent left parched by prohibition and the largest guinea pig of the government control model.  This thesis examines the impacts of this conjuncture on the development of the city, specifically of its tourism industry, its nightlife, and its reputation. The thesis begins with a contextualization of prohibition in the United States, in Canada and in Quebec in order to reveal the uniqueness of Montréal during this period. Next, the rapid expansion of « liquor tourism » as well as the city’s nightlife, both legal and illicit, are explored. Lastly, this thesis explores the impact that this conjuncture had on the construction of the city’s reputation throughout the writings of anti- and pro-prohibitionists, who propagated both idealised and demonised views of the city, as well as the documents associated with the tourism boom, such as songs, tourist guides and travel writing, which presented a more romanticized vision of the city as a festive refuge from prohibition. Despite their differences, these three visions all associated Montreal with liberty, whether it is one that is well managed by the government, dangerous and out of control, or emancipating. Thus, through the era of prohibition and the phenomenon of liquor tourism, Montreal came to be known as an “open” city, in both a positive and a negative sense.

Keyphrases: Montréal, Prohibition, Montreal, Alcohol, Urban history, Quebec Liquor Commission, Nightlife, Reputation, Travel guides