NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La lecture augmentée, entre l’écran et la page : à partir de 1984 d’Éric Plamondon et Pourquoi Bologne d’Alain Farah

Taking as a starting point Éric Plamondon’s 1984 trilogy and Alain Farah’s Pourquoi Bologne, both in their published form, this master’s dissertation is dedicated to grasp the changes that occur in the act of reading in an age where the ubiquitous digital tools are challenging the way we produce and receive content. The thesis takes form around the premise that literature, even that which is published and read in a print form, cannot be considered excluded from these considerations, whose ramifications extend far beyond the use of computer and screens. With the strong belief that these changes need to be seen as a continuity rather than a fracture, the act of reading will be considered here as a practice and, by refusing it’s essentialisation, will serve as a stepping-stone to revisit certain canonical theories and understand these modulations that affect the reader’s “digital literacy”, that affects the reading patterns even when a text does not present itself in a digital form. Through various interpretive trails across Plamondon and Farah’s novels, the first chapter draws the outline of a “connective reading” that is highly influenced by the omnipresence of the network. The second chapter, by revisiting Umberto Eco’s theories, maintains that these changes affect the reader’s competence, which is re-examined in light of the informational accessibly inherent at the digital era and the epistemological shifts that accessibility implies. The third and final chapter offers different reading trails through Plamondon and Farah’s novels that alternate between the book page and the computer screen, in which the boundaries between literature and information are challenged. In the relationships that develop between reading practices and the use of digital tools emerges a certain interpretational way that is described here as “augmented reading”, concept that implies that the reader is taking actions toward the text and, through this course, questions, doubts, challenges and takes position. A reader, in short, that is not just actualizing content, but who performs it.

Keyphrases: Alain Farah, Éric Plamondon, Reading theories, Digital culture, Augmented reading, Reading trails, Contemporary literature
Suspendu(e) et l'écriture du deuil et du souvenir dans La place d'Annie Ernaux et L'orphelin de Pierre Bergounioux

The question in this research-creation comes from a first reflection on the writing of mourning: Is it possible to tell a story, my story, but especially the story of the other and what are the effects on the memory? In the research section, we focus on the modalities of the writing of mourning in La place by Annie Ernaux and L’orphelin by Pierre Bergounioux. Initially, we focus on the poetics of these two authors before to go further and question the writing on memory in the two novels. In this part, we relied on the theories and concepts of Ricoeur, Todorov and Nora in the idea of exploring possible links with the processes at work in the narrative. Finally, we are also exploring the issue of the search for identity and heritage as presented in the narrative filiation, we will support our reflection on the writings of Dominique Viart. Memory and its preservation are the main concern before the creation. Suspendu(e) is a narrative whose form both the new and the novel. It is part of the concerns of the narrative filiation as presented by Dominique Viart. As such, it reflects on the trace and origin. It consists in two parts. The first, more narrative, tells my father's death event; the breaking point. The second part is more fragmented. It consists of fragments of life that are both memories and interpreted traces (videos, pictures). Key words : mourning, testimony, memory, self-writing, father, Annie Ernaux, Pierre Bergounioux.

Keyphrases: Filiation, Annie Ernaux, Pierre Bergounioux, Mourning, Testimony, Memory, Self-writing, Father
Mind the Gap : distance et absence dans l’écriture dirigée vers Tu suivi de Le bon chien

Mind the Gap examines the issues of distance and absence in second person fiction. The analysis focuses on Pierre Vadeboncoeur’s L’absence, a hybrid text that is both a philosophical essay and a love letter. L’absence is used as a starting point to highlight the relationship between I and You in two works of fiction that are very different in form and status: Marceline Loridan- Ivens’s Et tu n’es pas revenu and Nathalie Sarraute’s Enfance. Part one-way dialogue, part split narrative, the two works challenge a set of novel concepts such as l’être augmenté (the enhanced being), l’empreinte (the imprint) and l’Ailleurs de l’écriture (the elsewhere of writing), developed by Vadeboncoeur to explain the unique dynamics of second person narratives. To address the other in the other's absence is to transcend that absence in order to create a distance instead and make a commitment to bridge the divide. This paper looks to explain how the distance between narrator and narratee is achieved and how closing that gap is both impossible and essential. Le bon chien is the fragmented story of a narrator who reminisces with her earlier self of many years back about a shared past that she believes she has freed herself from. It is the story of a well-behaved studious child, a dedicated hard-working ballerina, a faded lover—it is the story of a good dog.

Keyphrases: Pierre Vadeboncoeur, Nathalie Sarraute, Marceline Loridan-Ivens, Absence, Distance, Conversation, Second person, Recipient
La figure du réfugié dans la littérature de la diaspora vietnamienne en Amérique du Nord : analyse des premiers romans de Lê Thi Diêm Thúy et de Kim Thúy

Research on Vietnamese diasporic literature from a North American perspective has long been neglected by literary critics. In the United States, writings of authors who originated from Vietnam are usually labeled as Asian-American literature, while in Quebec we prefer to use the term « migrant literature ». This is why this master thesis proposes an analysis of The Gangster We Are All Looking For (2003), from Lê Thi Diêm Thúy, and Ru (2009), from Kim Thúy. Aside from featuring a second generation protagonist, both novels question the way family and collective memory shape the relation to self and others. In The Gangster We Are All Looking For, the quest for identity is defined by the persistance of anonymity as well as by the desire to become a “gangster”, a rebellious figure. In Ru, the future is more related to the notion of integration : the narrator’s life trajectory can be described as an ascent towards the American dream. Many literary critics understood exile in terms of culture and hybridity, but few of them took into account its juridico-political aspect. Using Giorgio Agamben’s concept of “bare life” and Edward Said’s ideas in « Nationalism, Human Rights, and Interpretation », we will demonstrate that exile cannot be merely reduced to a compelling journey told from the perspective of privileged citizens (writers, artists, poets, intellectuals), since it also reflects the precarious status of those who are not recognized by the State (the refugees, the stateless, the undocumented workers).

Keyphrases: boat people, exil, Asian-American literature, refugee, exile, Vietnamese identity, migrant literature
Metal Gear Solid V et Hideo Kojima : procédés de transmission et rhétorique auctoriale procédurale

This memoir will analyse the different processes of transmission used in Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain (2015) and Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes (2014) in order to grasp the whole auctorial vision of the Metal Gear Solid series director, Hideo Kojima, which will in turn allow us to understand the meaning of the rhizomatic communicational network that precedes or accompanies these video games. My research will be divided in three sections. The first section will focus on the publicity (and therefore social signs) that surrounds the two parts of Metal Gear Solid V. The second section will present a story analysis where historical and intermedial inspirations of both games will be discussed. The third section will analyse the interactive model of Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes and Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain. That chapter will focus on the often unsuspected advantages of the logical videoludic systems as means to influence the player to abandon or to adopt new sociopolitical perspectives. This memoir will decompose how Metal Gear Solid V uses and unites a maximum of transmission methods to persuade its public to give in to its auctorial message, which will hopefully demonstrate the rhetorical potential of a thoughtful union of paratext and content within videoludic works.

Keyphrases: Metal Gear Solid, Hideo Kojima, communication, video game, rhetoric, ludology, publicity, intermediality
The Cut by Fatih Akin : a Western?

It is after his second opus on Turkish immigration in Germany that Turkish-German director Fatih Akin decided to explore the darkest period of his country of origin. With the film The Cut, he ends the trilogy Liebe, Tod und Teufel. This master’s thesis reflects on the use of the Western genre in the representation of the Armenian Genocide. We will start with a short history of the Western genre and the representation of genocide in cinema. Then we will analyse the film as per the notion of genre and see under which measure the use of a universally known genre enables Fatih Akin to justify his aesthetic choices. During this analysis, we will use four key elements as the groundwork to establish a link with the Western genre. They are the figure of the hero, the landscapes, the myth of the frontier and the title of the film itself. The intention of this research is not to be comparative, but to situate the film within the movement that is the Post-western. Finally, the notion of identity will allow us to understand how the film The Cut exists within Akin’s trilogy.

Keyphrases: Fatih Akin, Western, Genre, Turkey, Armenian Genocide, Turkish-german cinema, Representation, Post-western, Germany
Le changement thérapeutique chez les adolescents agresseurs sexuels suite au traitement

To this day, research has shown that the treatment of adolescent sexual offenders (AAS) reduces their risk of sexual recidivism. However, few studies to date have examined the internal process leading to these results. The purpose of our research was to determine whether the treatment of AAS leads to changes among factors related to sexual offending among AAS. The impact of motivation to change and trauma symptoms on therapeutic progress was also examined. Our sample consisted of 43 AAS who participated in a treatment program. The results of our pre-post treatment analysis indicate significant changes on social isolation, inadequate strategies of coping and cognitive distortions and a significant reduction of trauma symptoms. These changes are all positive, except for the social skills that remain in deficit. The data on motivation demonstrated that the youths in treatment were motivated for change but were not sufficient to establish whether this factor was linked to the progress of the subjects. Finally, correlational analyzes have established that the changes in trauma symptoms were related to those seen in social skills, social isolation and strategies of coping.

Keyphrases: Motivation, Sexual aggression, Therapeutic change, Motivation, Trauma
Compatibles ou non? Étude de la nature des rôles de surveillance et de soutien à la réinsertion sociale à travers les représentations d’intervenants cliniques en centre résidentiel communautaire

This investigative study, which focuses on interpretation and meaning, identifies and fosters a better understanding of the dual roles, supervisory and supportive, of clinical practitioners working among federally and provincially incarcerated male offenders in community residential facilities (CRF) during reintegration periods. Using a phenomenologically inspired approach, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted; 11 of which were conducted with community clinic practitioners, while three were conducted with support facilitators. The identification of the dual roles of individuals working in community residential facilities raises a number of questions and identifies numerous challenges, while presenting a matter of interest for both clinicians and the scientific community.   The representations illustrated by the material that was collected demonstrate that the RNR model is omnipresent when it comes to the roles of the participants. Risk management and risk factors are key issues for the individuals we interviewed. Tension between the intent to comply with the RNR model commonly defended by the correctional service and the humanistic approach historically associated with community corrections was recorded in all of the interviews. The interviewed stakeholders attempt to negotiate a system based on risk management and a non-directive humanistic model. The findings of this research suggest that feelings of stress, heaviness or anxiety among some stakeholders are linked in part to the principle of accountability, but also to a misperception with regards to their roles with clients—when should one act as a figure of authority and when should one, instead, employ the role of helper or aide.  In order to safeguard themselves from affliction that could lead to interpersonal relationships, participants appear distant with regards to the choices and pitfalls of their clients, for their clients must learn to become more empowered and take responsibility for their actions. The irony lies in the fact that the majority of participants experience, at one time or another, a sense of guilt towards a client. In other words, they are predisposed to approach their clients in a burst of sympathy/empathy. A level of emotional engagement with clients, which some participants performed eloquently, could represent one of the major challenges facing a professional compelled to exercise dual roles. Dual roles give rise to challenges for clinicians, particularly when it comes to professional and personal/emotional maturity levels.  Although unable to draw a final conclusion from the research conducted, the difficulties encountered by participants in connection with their work, particularly for young stakeholders, could be linked to a conflict between the desire to provide support and assistance and the desire to manage risk.

Keyphrases: Support, double role, risk management, social reintegration
Transindividuation et individuation collective : une exploration à travers l’improvisation libre et la rythmanalyse

Relying mainly on the work of Gilbert Simondon (1989) and Bernard Stiegler (2010, 2012, 2013), this master’s thesis explores the relation between the notions of individual and collective. On one hand, the relation is conceptualised and developed through the concepts of transindividuation and collective individuation ; and on the other hand, it is explored through free improvisation / free improvised music theories. Looking at the different modalities of that musical practice (Bailey, 1992 ; Saladin, 2002, 2010, 2014 ; Corbett, 2004, 2016 ; Peters, 2009), this research conceives free improvisation as a radical approach to tackle differently the relation between the notions of individual and collective. The assemblage, confrontation and negotiation of individual singularities of musicians being at the centre of free improvisation, the chosen methodology tends to define the dynamics allowing to understand the complexity of that relation. Relying particularly on research-from-creation and creation-as-research (Chapman & Sawchuk, 2012), the methodological aspect of this thesis is anchored in research-creation. In that sense, the main analysis materials have emerged from the experience of free improvisation sessions in which the instantaneity and ephemeral aspect of creation were lived, discussed and subsequently analysed through the concepts of rhythm and presence inherent to Henri Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis (1980, 1992).

Keyphrases: Transindividuation, Simondon, Stiegler, Lefebvre, Collective individuation, Free improvised music, Rhythmanalysis, Presence
Transmédia Storytelling à l’ère de la convergence : processus de réception et mythe médiatique

The alternate reality game Why So Serious ? lies at the heart of a transmedia storytelling strategy created for the promotion of the movie The Dark Knight (2008) by Christopher Nolan. This game is deeply rooted in an era of convergence in which the distinction between production and reception of media messages is blurred. Different players’ practices illustrate specific modes of reception that, linked to the emergence of a plot with multiple threads, indicate the emergence of new communicational and narrative issues. This thesis examines those specific processes of reception and their relationship to the appearance of a mythological message in which the fictional world of Batman is recentered on the character of the Joker. Through the articulation of a netnography of the game’s official forum, Unfiction, visual semiotic analysis and Barthesian mythological analysis, it was possible to schematically build a communication circuit within which the messages produced by both the cultural industries and the game players evolve. This study contributes to and contributes to an understanding of active users’ power in this transmedia phenomenon. Furthermore, it highlights the users’ ability to generate a brand new message, thus mythological, whose significance is nourished by diverse sources, from the nature of medium itself, to the interpretation of the fictional universe within the experience itself.

Keyphrases: convergence, reception, fans, message, mythe, transmedia storytelling, myth
Évolution et projection du fardeau de la mortalité au Canada, de 1921 à 2047

The Canadian population is aging since the early twentieth century. The birth of large cohorts of baby-boom initially slowed the phenomenon. But the aging of these generations raises many questions about the ability of the population to support the weight of these individuals in the purview of health and of the sustainability of pension schemes. In addition, Statistics Canada projections show that the dependency ratio of the elderly will increase by 82% between 2015 and 2061. However, this indicator is debatable since it is based solely on age. Many aging measurement indicators have been developed over the years to take into account the evolution of the life cycle, health and quality of life of individuals in order to get closer to the real impact of aging on society. It is in this context that we offer our indicator, called "burden of mortality”. Comparison with the classical dependency ratio will highlight the influence of changing behaviors regarding labor force participation and the capacity of the employed population to support the dependent population. Our indicator, which reports the number of individuals who have less than 15 years of life remaining to the employed population, has seen many changes since 1921. In 1921, 100 workers supported 48 individuals who have less than 15 years to live. The burden of mortality decreased to a minimum in 2008 (22%), then entered a period of growth which corresponds to the aging of the baby-boom generation. However, our projections show that the burden of mortality should reach a ceiling of around 30% in 2047. The evolution of the professional life cycle of individuals, both men and women, but mainly among women, temper the effect of the “burden” of people who will dying.

Keyphrases: Canada, projections, aging, mortality, burden, life cycle, projection
Adapting Tai Chi for upper limb rehabilitation post stroke : an exploratory feasibility and efficacy study

Background and Purpose: Tai Chi (TC) has been reported as beneficial for improving balance post stroke, yet its use for upper limb (UL) rehabilitation remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of TC on UL rehabilitation post stroke. Methods: Twelve chronic stroke survivors with a persistent paresis underwent 60-minute adapted TC sessions twice a week for eight weeks and a 4-week follow-up evaluation. A 10-minute TC home program was recommended for the days without sessions. TC level of performance, adapted movements used, attendance to the sessions and duration of self-practice at home were recorded. Shoulder pain (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)), motor function of the paretic arm ((Fugl-Meyer Assessment upper-limb section (FMA-UL), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT)) and paretic arm use in daily life (Motor Activity Log (MAL)) were measured at baseline, post-treatment and follow-up. A feedback questionnaire was used to evaluate participants’ perception of the use of TC at follow-up. Results: Eleven participants completed the 8-week study. A clinical reasoning algorithm underlying the adaptation of TC was developed based on different functional levels of the participants. Participants with varying profiles including severely impaired UL, poor balance, shoulder pain, and severe spasticity were not only capable of practicing the adapted TC but attended all 16 sessions and practiced TC at home more than recommended (a total of 16.51±9.21 hours). The self-practice amount for subgroups with lower UL function, shoulder pain or moderate-to-severe spasticity, was similar to subgroups with higher functional UL, no shoulder pain, and minimal-to-no spasticity. Participants demonstrated significant improvement over time in the FMA-UL (p=.009), WMFT functional scale (p=.003), WMFT performance time (p=.048) and MAL Amount of Use scale (p=.02). Shoulder pain of four participants decreased following TC (VAS 5.5±3, 3±2.8, 2.5±2.5 for the pre, post and follow-up period respectively). Moreover, participants confirmed the usefulness and ease of practicing the adapted TC. Conclusion: Adapted TC is feasible, acceptable and effective for UL rehabilitation post stroke. Low UL function, insufficient balance, spasticity, and shoulder pain do not seem to hinder practicing TC. Further large-scale randomized trials evaluating TC for UL rehabilitation are warranted.

Keyphrases: Stroke, Rehabilitation, Upper extremity, Tai Chi, Feasibility, Recovery