NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Étude des liens entre l’isolement, la psychopathie et l’hostilité avec le risque de récidive chez les délinquants sexuels

The present study aims to determine the links between isolation and psychopathic traits with the risk of recidivism for sexual offenders. The scientific literature shows that a lack of intimacy, loneliness and psychopathy are often found in sexual delinquents. Lack of intimacy and loneliness may be due to a fear of rejection associated with a fragile attachment. On the other hand, social isolation may be related to relational deficits caused by the presence of psychopathic traits. Furthermore, lack of intimacy, loneliness and psychopathic traits engender hostility and each have an impact on recidivism. The objective of the current study is to investigate the effect of lack of intimacy, loneliness, psychopathic traits and hostility on sexual and violent recidivism risk as evaluated by the Static-99, in sexual offenders whose victims are adults or children. Our findings show that there is no link between isolation and psychopathic traits, but isolation and psychopathic traits are bound with the hostility. Sexual offenders whose victims are adults are more psychopathic than those whose victims are children, who show more loneliness. Psychopathic traits are related to the antisocial dimension of the Static-99 and loneliness is related to the sexual dimension of the Static-99. Isolation and psychopathic traits sexual offenders: loneliness and psychopathic traits have a different relation with the risk of recidivism for sexual offenders.

Keyphrases: Sexual offender, Intimacy, Loneliness, Psychopathy, Hostility, Risk recidivism
Qu'est-ce que l'éditorialisation?

This paper is the result of eight years of work on the concept of editorialization that was done in the context of the international seminar “Écritures numériques et éditorialisation”, which I have been co-organizing with Nicolas Sauret since 2008. I propose a definition of editorialization as the set of dynamics that produce and structure digital space. These dynamics can be understood as the interactions of individual and collective actions within a particular digital environment. Starting from this definition I try to describe how authority works in digital space.

Keyphrases: Éditorialisation
Archivage de répétitions et médiations du spectacle vivant. Le cas du projet spectacle en ligne(s)

The article introduces the outcomes of the research program Spectacle en ligne(s), from which it reflects on the change of nature of the natively digital archive and of its cultural status. The creation of an annotated video archive of the rehearsals of two live performances opened an exploration of the mediations of archive in cultural contexts. Our concept of mediation stands here in-between institutional innovation and the scientific issues linked to the digital archive. During the project, we produced several experimentations, prototyping archive editorialisations. Based on those, the article states the idea that natively digital archive can reach the status of cultural object only through its usages, which generate intermediary forms specific to the editorialisations of the archive.

Keyphrases: Spectacle en ligne(s)
Soutenir l'autodétermination des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle : contribution de la théorie de l'autodétermination

Since the 1980s, the development of self-determination has become a priority in the intellectual disability (ID) intervention domain. Socialization agents (e.g., educators, social workers, teachers, parents) have a crucial role in its promotion through the support they offer and the learning they promote. The way they communicate and the type of relationship they establish with the person with an ID influence its development. Yet, few studies have evaluated what are the best ways to communicate and interact in order to promote self-determination in people with an ID. Anchored in self-determination theory (SDT), the present thesis focuses on evaluating the effects of a specific type of support, autonomy support (AS, or self-determination support; a way to communicate and interact that supports the need for self-determination), on the self-determination and on the behavioral, motivational and emotional benefits of people with a mild intellectual disabilities (MID), in a learning context.  Two papers will be presented in this thesis.  The first study, theoretical in nature, aims at better understanding and clarifying this concept in the light of functional self-determination theory (fSDT) and self-determination theory (SDT). Interventions studies to promote self-determination in SDT and fSDT will also be presented. Secondly, SDT and fSDT will be compared and contrasted with one another in order to elucidate their differences, similarities and complementarities, both in theory and practice. Finally, AS studied within SDT, is proposed as a promising intervention, in addition to fSDTs’ interventions, to foster self-determination as well as behavioral, motivational and emotional benefits in this population.  The second study aims at evaluating this specific proposal. Through an experimental study, we assessed whether AS can help satisfy the need for autonomy/self-determination in people with  mild intellectual disabilities (MID) and facilitate the internalization of the task value, engagement in the task as well as decrease the degree of anxiety when participants are asked to learn a new problem-solving task, an important yet tedious activity. This study compared the effects of a task carried out with or without autonomy support (experimental and control condition, respectively). Participants (N = 51) of the study all had a MID and were recruited in a “Centre de réadaptation en déficience intellectuelle et troubles envahissants du développement” in the Montreal area, in Quebec (Canada). Results showed that compared to the control condition, autonomy support increased participants’ self-determination, internalization of the task value and engagement while it decreased their anxiety level.  The meaning of these results as well as their potential implications for research and interventions are discussed.

Keyphrases: Déficience intellectuelle, Self-determination, Intellectual disability, Type of support, Autonomy support, Internalization, Socialization, Learning
Le sous titrage en français des séries télévisées américaines : normes linguistiques et pratiques professionnelles

American television series are such an integral aspect of popular culture that different audiovisual translations into French exist in various parts of the world. Not only are these series dubbed to be broadcast on television, they may be subtitled up to three times, usually in this order: by fans online; in Quebec for North American DVD sales; and in France for European DVD sales. While all subtitling endeavours face the same constraints, namely linguistic (those of the French language) and technical (for airing on the small screen), each deals with the original dialogue in its own fashion. We will start by identifying the practices of both professional and amateur translators. Next, we will analyze a number of translations and compare them to a corpus of similar television series originally produced in France or French Quebec to establish the cultural and linguistic standards applied by different translators to determine what is known as “Canadian French.” This thesis was written with a view to expanding descriptive and sociological studies. We will describe herein the professional reality of audiovisual translators, as well as the influence of fansubbers on not only professional translation practice, but also on new translation methods to train the next generation of translators. By studying several translations of the same work, we can demonstrate that the different varieties of French cannot, on account of the relatively few purely linguistic differences that exist, justify the proliferation of the number of subtitled versions available.

Keyphrases: Translation, Subtitling, Variety, Norms, Training
Traitement de la maladie du greffon contre l’hôte chronique par la photophérèse extra corporelle au TH9402 : m
écanisme de régulation de la maladie du greffon contre  l’hôte chronique par les cellules T régulatrices

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Many patients remain refractory to current treatments, emphasizing the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we have used a novel therapeutic agent, TH9402, and shown that once activated by visible light (514 nm), this photosensitizer becomes specifically cytotoxic toward activated T cells while preserving resting T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Preserved Tregs can display anti GVHD activity through IL-10 and CTLA-4 dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, CTLA-4 signaling was associated with an increased Treg population. This increase resulted from FOXP3 induction in CD4+CD25- cells and not selective proliferation of Tregs. In the second part of this study, we showed that CTLA-4 signaling was associated with enhanced expression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO). The expression of IDO results in the generation of anti GVHD activity and an increase in the Treg population following TH9402 treatment. This increased Treg population was mediated by tryptophan degradation and implied acute phase protein GCN2 activity. Finally, we show that the infusion of TH9402 treated cells in patients suffering from chronic GVHD resulted in an increase of the Treg population as early as 8 weeks after treatment initiation without causing lymphopenia or hyporesponsiveness toward viral antigens. Furthermore, the increase of IDO corresponded to patient response to treatment. These results suggest that TH9402 represents a most interesting therapeutic approach for patients with refractory chronic GVHD. IDO expression could also be used to predict patient responsiveness to the treatment. This could increase the quality of the treatment as well as the quality of life of patients suffering from refractory chronic GVHD.

Keyphrases: TH9402, CTLA-4, IDO, GCN2, Chronic GVHD, TH9402, Regulatory T cells, CTLA-4, IDO, GCN2, Dendritic cells
La sécrétion de la protéine tau : mécanisme de propagation de la pathologie de tau dans la maladie d’Alzheimer

In Alzheimer’s disease, the amyloid plaques and the neurofibrillary tangles composed of misfolded aggregated tau protein are the two hallmarks of the pathology. In the brain, the propagation of tau pathology was observed along the neuronal circuits. Described by Doctor Braak in 1991, the appearence of the neurofibrillary tangles was predictable in the brain and correlated with the degree of cognitive deficits. Its remains unclear how tau pathology spreads in the brain. In our laboratory, we made the hypothesis that the propagation could occur by cell-to-cell transmission. This implies that NFTs would propagate in the brain by the release of misfolded tau aggregates from an affected neuron followed by its uptake in neighboring neurons. My thesis focuses on the mechanism of tau secretion. Firstly, we demonstrated that tau was actively secreted in the extracellular space by non neuronal cells and primary neurons. Then, we characterized the tau secreted forms. Finally, we explored the secretory pathways and the mechanisms leading to tau secretion. We were able to modulate tau secretion by mimicking specific insults observed in Alzheimer disease. Our research led us to identify the Golgi apparatus as a major contributor to tau secretion. Concomitant with this, modulation of cdk5 pathway and rab1A expression, which are known to affect the Golgi morphology, altered significantly tau secretion.   Our research provides new therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease, targeting tau secretion to reduce the propagation of tau pathology by new cellular mecanisms.

Keyphrases: Tau, Propagation, Alzheimer's disease, Secretion, Propagation
Charte canadienne et droits linguistiques : frontières allégoriques et autres assertions consensuelles

The boundary between politics and intellectual activism is generally fluid. The whole universe of political-constitutional thought while banging the doctrinal drum is often merely a political construct rather than grounded in fact. Through constant repetition, the Quebecois national identity narrative has established itself firmly in the public’s imagination. Through the years, it has attained the status of an outright myth. Utilized in the political arena, this myth holds tremendous sway.  This doctoral thesis focuses on the different myths which have been created since 1982 by writers of a particular branch of Quebec doctrine: language rights, the primary focus of this study, where the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Supreme Court of Canada are considered to have joined forces to redress the French language’s gains in la Belle Province. Francophones outside Quebec, since the crumbling of the concept of a French Canadian nation, find themselves excluded from the equation and removed from the constitutional chessboard. In fact, the adoption of methodological nationalism as the new political and doctrinal orthodoxy makes it particularly difficult to reconcile the existence of a national identity narrative with the enshrined myths. Thus, and following the logic of the excluded third party theory, a Francophone victory outside of Quebec is considered according to the interpretative symmetry a win for the Quebec Anglophone community.  This thesis seeks to question the value of the different established myths, and if applicable, to revaluate the scope of the Canadian Charter with regard to language rights. It will demonstrate that many of the accepted theories by Quebec scholars and doctrinal writers fail, at least partially, a fact-based analytical test. This will confirm that these espoused theories purposely ignore judicial decisions and other empirical facts which do not adhere to the suggested orthodoxy.

Keyphrases: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Language rights, Francophones outside of Quebec, Methodological nationalism
Resilience and the cultural landscape : the case of the Lower Ninth Ward after Hurricane Katrina

The purpose of this research is to determine the importance of using the cultural landscape in evaluating the resilience of an urban community after the occurrence of a natural disaster. The focus is on the neighborhood of the Lower Ninth Ward after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 in the city of New Orleans. Natural disasters are gaining significance and magnitude when they hit cities, which are becoming more and more populated over the years.  The damage these disasters cause is colossal. It is very costly for cities to undergo major disasters and sometimes, large sections of cities need to be entirely rebuilt. The costliest price is the human life, and as history marks it, too many lives have perished due to disasters. While rebuilding is a challenging task, yet feasible, rebuilding a community is not as tangible as rebuilding the infrastructure. This research focuses on the many intangible aspects, like place attachment and social networks, a community needs to rebuild itself in a sound and resilient way.  The concept of resilience is very contested in the literature and many have attempted to measure it. This research takes a step back and scrutinizes the concept of resilience from a holistic perspective, which highlights its complexity. This leads to questioning the importance of measuring the concept, especially that it changes with time and with the different scales of geography. In addition, a relationship between the cultural landscape and resilience is established, which allows for a better understanding of this complexity.  Taking a little from multiple disciplines (Landscape Architecture, Urban Planning, and Sociology), this research resorts to a methodology that reflects its multidisciplinary aspect. The methodology is the mixed methods research design, which allows the collection of quantitative and qualitative data. The focus is to gather census data, newspaper articles, and observations to give a general perspective on the post-Katrina situation. Interviews are collected from residents and from professionals so as to tackle the research from different angles. This allows reaching results at the case study level as well as the theoretical level.  This research validates the importance of using the cultural landscape in post-disaster situations as planners and government officials overlook it. Some of the elements that constitute it like place attachment and social networks motivate people to return to their original neighbourhoods and rebuild their homes and community. These elements, however, cannot by themselves give people back what they lost in the disaster. By relating the cultural landscape to the concept of resilience, it implies that resilience is a social construction.

Keyphrases: 'Home', Lower Ninth, Cultural landscape, 'Home', Social construction, Natural disasters, Urban communities, Mixed-methods research design, Lower Ninth Ward, New Orleans
Formal function and phrase structure in contemporary music : Pierre Boulez’s late solo works and Sean Clarke’s "Lucretia Overture" and "4 Impromptus"

This thesis will outline a theory of formal function and phrase structure in contemporary music, which can be used as both an analytical tool and applied to create new works. The theory builds on the work of two contemporary theorists: Christopher Hasty’s concept of durational projections and William Caplin’s theories of formal function and tight-knit vs. loose formal organization. Durational projections are made perceptible through an emphasis on secondary parameters such as playing style, articulation, and timbre. Tight-knit sections feature clear projections that are created by regularly switching between contrasting motives, usually in the form of a two-part basic idea. These projections help shape entire sections into presentation, continuation and cadential phrases, giving them a sense of coherence and structure independent of traditional formal types. Sections with looser organization lack the clear projections, motivic uniformity and cogent harmonic motion that more tight-knit passages display. The phrase structure of three late solo works by Pierre Boulez are analyzed: Anthèmes I for violin (1991-1992) and two piano works, Incises (2001) and une page d’éphéméride (2005). The ideas put forth in this paper arose out of an analysis of these works and consequently had a strong influence on my own compositions, particularly Lucretia Overture for orchestra and 4 Impromptus for flute, soprano saxophone and piano, which are also analyzed in detail. Several additional compositional techniques can be discerned in these two works, including the use of melodic threads to control the harmonic rhythm; sections with multiple musical layers, each with a distinct phrase structure; and loosening the formal organization of recurring material. Finally, the composition of several other earlier works gave rise to the techniques used in these two works and are succinctly discussed in the final section.

Keyphrases: Pierre Boulez, Formal function, Phrase structure, Durational projections, Tight-knit vs. loose formal organization, Pierre Boulez, Basic ideas
Identification des grands utilisateurs de soins de santé chez les patients souffrant de la douleur chronique non cancéreuse et suivis en soins de première ligne

Background: Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) has major social and economic impacts. Identifying patients at risk of being heavy health care users could be very useful; therefore, by improving their care direct health care costs could eventually be reduced. Purpose: To identify bio-psycho-social factors predicting the risk of being a heavy health care user among primary care CNCP patients. Methods: Patients reporting moderate to severe CNCP for at least 6 months with an active analgesic prescription from a primary care physician were recruited in community pharmacies on the territory of the Réseau universitaire integré de santé (RUIS), of the Université de Montréal between May 2009 and January 2010. The latter comprises six areas: Mauricie and centre du Quebec, Laval, Montreal, the Laurentians, Lanaudière and Montérégie. Upon recruitment, their bio-psycho-social characteristics were documented through self-administered and telephone questionnaires. The direct health costs were estimated for the health care services provided to patients in the year preceding and following recruitment using the database of the Régie d’Assurance maladie du Québec, RAMQ (Quebec province public health care insurance). These costs took into account the pain-related hospitalizations, emergency room visits, ambulatory care, and medication prescribed for pain treatment  and drug side effects Heavy health care users were defined as those in the highest annual direct health care costs quartile in the year following recruitment. Logistic multivariate regression models using the Akaike information criterion were developed in order to identify the predictors of heavy health care use. Results: The median annual direct health care cost incurred by heavy health care users (n = 63) was CAD 7,627, compared to CAD 1,554 for the standard health care users (n = 188). The final predictive model of the risks of being a heavy health care user included pain located in the lower body (Odds ratio (OR) = 3.03; 95% CI: 1.20 - 7.65), pain-related disability (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.48), and health care costs in the previous year (OR = 17.67; 95% CI: 7.90 - 39.48). Other retained variables were sex, comorbidity, depression level, and patients’ attitudes towards medical pain cure. Conclusion: Patients suffering from CNCP in the lower body and having a greater impact of pain on their daily functioning were more likely to be heavy health care and services users. Previous year annual direct cost was also a significant predictor. Improving pain management in this clientele of patients may improve their health and eventually reduce their health care cost to the health care system.

Keyphrases: Chronic non-cancer pain, Primary care, Direct health care costs, Cost predictors, Cohort study, Akaike information criterion