NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La régulation autonome du myocarde et les performances cognitives sont-elles des outils valides de prévention du surentraînement ?

Overtraining syndrome usually occurs due to a high degree of stress, associated or not, the stress of training and a certain lack of rest and recovery. The demonstration of such a syndrome can have serious consequences both medically and socially and economically.It is therefore important to date to validate relevant prevention tools. Several theories have attempted to determine the advent of overtraining and extract valid prevention tools.Nevertheless, our knowledge on this subject are still patchy. Nevertheless, two lines of research would allow us to access non-invasive tools and accessible. Measures of autonomic regulation of the myocardium seem to be, from the very encouraging results of Grove et al (2008), tools very promising. Similarly, the use of cognitive performance could be very interesting tools in the prevention of overtraining (Nederhof et al. 2006, Dupuy et al. 2010). From a holistic perspective, the model of Thayer et al (2009), we would integrate the combined use of cognitive performance indices of heart rate variability. In a process of validation is also necessary to know the sensitivity of these techniques. Yet to date the reliability of the indices of parasympathetic reactivation; relatively new technique, are not known. Similarly, it is important to distinguish between acute fatigue induced by a workout and more chronic fatigue. If the relationship between acute fatigue and autonomic regulation of the myocardium are well known, the relationship with cognition, are relatively less clear. The first two studies in this thesis are therefore interested to know the reproducibility of indices of parasympathetic reactivation and effects of acute fatigue induced by exercise on cognition associated with the autonomous control of the heart. The results show that the indices of parasympathetic reactivation are moderately reproducible, requiring special attention on the standardization of measurements. Moreover, although fatigue induced by exercise, produce physiological disorders, cognitive performance appear relatively stable. After checking these points technological and methodological, it was interesting to test the effect of overload training on the tools used in order to assess their sensitivity to the effects of chronic fatigue. The results show both the value of using measures of heart rate variability and measures of parasympathetic reactivation. These two measures appear sensitive to changes in training load and to the fatigue of athletes. Equally interesting, cognitive performance also appear to us to prevent a state of intolerance in training. This thesis finds its legitimacy because it is a logical improvement of health and prevention of overtraining or even exceeded in athletes. The results of this thesis, we can provide new tools for prevention and recommendations for their use.

Keyphrases: Overtraining, Overreaching, Prevention, Cardiac autonomic control, Cognitive perofmance
Rivalité et marchés : une éthique adversative pour les agents économiques

The argument of my thesis can be summarised as follows: in the context of rivalry, an agent may attempt to satisfy his or her preferences at the expense of other agents’ preferences if this generates social benefits that could not be generated otherwise (without producing too much harm). This argument leads to an adversarial ethics, that is, a description of our moral obligations in contexts like a sport competition or a trial. This ethics will be developed and applied to the behavior of economic agents in the market. I will address two main questions. The first question focuses on the design of our social institutions. An adversarial scheme is a pattern of social interactions that fulfills its function through a dynamic of rivalry. Parts of our institutions can be modeled as adversarial schemes. When is it desirable to use these schemes? It is desirable if the balance between the scheme’s functionality and harms is 1) acceptable and 2) preferable by comparison with other schemes. These two conditions yield a test. The test is developed in the first chapter. The second chapter argues that the market passes this test. An agent must be allowed to adopt adversarial behaviors in an adversarial scheme. But this permission does not apply to his or her behavior outside the scheme or inside non-adversarial incorporated schemes (like a firm in the market or a team in sport competitions). These two criteria, once combined, yield a threefold distinction or a tripartition of the moral obligation of economic agents, which solves some of the problems with the shareholder primacy view and the stakeholder theory. The tripartition and its implications are presented in the third chapter. The second question focuses on our moral obligations at the personal level. How ought we to behave in an adversarial scheme? In the fourth chapter, I argue that we ought to adopt the ideal of beneficial rivalry, which implies that we ought to: 1) contain our adversarial behaviors inside the scheme, 2) respect the scheme’s rules and 3) adopt a behavior that will allow the scheme to pass the desirability test (developed in the first chapter). The fifth chapter argues that this ideal avoids some of the problems with Joseph Heath’s ideal of healthy competition and Lynn Sharp Paine’s ideal of positive competition.

Keyphrases: efficience, ethics and economics, business ethics, sport ethics, lawyers ethics, adversarial ethics, rivalry, exclusive preference, market, competition, efficiency
La culture extrême, une approche à la co-construction de la culture organisationnelle

This Master’s thesis proposes looking at organizational culture in a new light. In her model of cultural dynamics, Mary Jo Hatch (1993) suggests that a company’s culture influences the identity of the individuals working there. Starting from this affirmation, I ask if the inverse is also possible. Do organizational culture and individual identities evolve together in a dynamic of co-construction? Using  a method inspired by the « life story », I conducted a series of interviews at Empire Sports, a Quebec chain of boutiques specializing in extreme sports. I use the communities of practice framework to analyze and interpret the intreviews. My results identify a phenomenon of co-construction at work. I interpret this using a new concept which I call « extreme culture ». The conclusions of this exploratory research suggest that further research in other organizational contexts could be useful in deepening of the concept of extreme culture.

Keyphrases: Co-construction, Organizational culture, Community of practice, Extreme sports, Co-construction
A comparative study of the resilience of coal logistics chains in Australia, South Africa and Canada

In recent years, the importance of coal in the world economy has been put to the forefront by a strong demand and consequently, increasing levels of production. The increasing number of buyers and the limited number of sellers has created a system where competition is fiercer than ever. On one hand, importing countries are trying to secure sources of supply while on the other hand, exporting countries are striving to meet demand and secure as many export markets as possible.  In this context, the objective of this research paper is to demonstrate how resilient logistics chains can help decision makers of the industry to stay ahead of the competition. To do this, an analysis of the logistics chain of the industry is the best way to verify whether or not the industry is operating as well as it should be. Such an analysis allows us to tackle the following issues: How do infrastructure issues impact the resilience of the logistics chain? What risks do environmental hazards pose to the logistics chain? Does governance have a positive or negative influence on the resilience of the logistics chain? “Logistics chain” designates the journey of any kind of product or commodity through the various steps of its life from its creation or point of origin to its point of consumption. This being said, the best way to solve problems in the logistics chain is to find ways to maintain high levels of resilience. This research paper will evaluate the resilience of logistics chains within the Australian, South African and Canadian coal industries. This evaluation will be based on three variables: infrastructures, environment and governance. The methodology necessary to accomplish this task is based on twelve indicators. As the main evaluation tool, these indicators are used to compare the case studies in the context of each variable. The results of this research paper show that the three case studies have similar levels of resilience. However, some case studies have areas in which they outperform their counterparts. While this research provides an in-depth look at the coal industry, several research avenues could still be explored. First of all, expanding the comparative analysis to different coal exporters could add nuance. This task could be undertaken in a different research paper providing decision makers with even more examples of how to improve resilience. A similar comparative approach could also be applied to the downstream section of the logistics chain. Furthermore, a methodology based on interviews with stakeholders could bring in a new perspective on the issue at hand.

Keyphrases: Logistics chains, Coal industry, Resilience
"L'homme révolté" à l'aube du troisième millénaire

By examining Albert Camus’ L’homme révolté (The Rebel), this dissertation intends to assess the relevance of Camusian revolt at the dawn of the third millennium. From an acknowledgement of the absurd as regards the existential condition of man, Camus outlined a revolt free of any ideology by demonstrating, for example, the mechanisms innate to the philosophy of history and nihilism. Starting with a critique of Hegelian, Nietzschean and Marxist thought, he attempted to define the characteristics inherent to rebellion.   Written in the mid-20th century, L’homme révolté is marked by the aftermath of chaos and destruction of that era, yet now more than five decades on, his words appear to remain relevant today. With the complicity of contemporary philosophers such as Cornélius Castoriadis, Pierre Rosanvallon and Bernard Stiegler, this paper will focus not only on the pertinence of Camusian rebellion, but also on a correlation between revolt and human dignity.   Does L’homme révolté still have his place as the third millennium begins and, if so, what is that place?

Keyphrases: Philosophy, Camus, Rebellion, Absurd, Historicism, Nihilism, Measure, Singularity, Reciprocity
L’image qui parle : comment traduire l’altérité par l’adaptation de la poésie au cinéma ?

The visual aspect in the Illuminations of Rimbaud brought us to ask us if it was possible to adapt these poems to the cinema. There were of course several researches on the cinema of the 20s which investigated the poetic creation. Other researches were led to find tracks of poetry in a little more conventional narrative movies. Although these studies are very interesting, we wanted to aim towards a more radical approach. Our research work aimed at finding the means to make an adaptation of completely autonomous poem of the original work. Although we bend over the Surrealist texts by the intervention of Man Ray, we also studied more recent attempts of adaptation of poems to the cinema. We discovered a link between these adaptations and the notion of otherness. That is why we decided to deal with our subject under the angle of the otherness of the philosophic point of view. Moreover, three movies which we retained for our research work present situations of marginalization. The marginalization is one of the aspects of the otherness which interest us. The first chapter of this thesis is intended to establish what we mean by otherness. In the second chapter, we approach the adaptation of the poetry to the cinema in connection with the otherness. We adapted eighteen poems of the Illuminations of Rimbaud under the shape of a scenario in the second part of this thesis to try to investigate what we established in our theoretical part.

Keyphrases: Rimbaud, Film adaptation, Poetry, Otherness, Rimbaud
Les éléments entourant le passage à l'acte sous forme de co-délinquance au Québec

First studies related to co-offending are more than a century old. Since this subject has greatly evolved during this time, the approach and the methodology used have been developed to follow the subject’s progression. But it is only in recent years that co-offending is studied through police arrest data and it is this type of data that will be used to meet the main objective which aims to be to determine conditions explaining the use or not to co-delinquency for committing a criminal offense. In addition, to meet our research objective, we opted for structuring a theory of the crime, an approach that had never been used before in studies of co-offending. As a methodology, we used a sample of 9 103 criminal participations, 8 243 separate events and 3 356 individuals and several predictors were analyzed to determine which best explain the co-offending. Age, gender, criminal history, urbanity and type of crimes are all variables that were considered. Urbanity is a novelty in this research, since we identified very few studies have addressed the issue. For the type of crime, we have detailed this variable as no studies on co-offending have done previously (23 categories of offenses). This detail allows us to identify the impact of each offense on the use of co-offending. The results obtained from the logistic regression analyze show that the use of co-offending is mainly due to the crime’s type; some crimes are more propitious to co-offending than others. We also find that other variables analyzed (age, gender, criminal history and urbanity) have little or no impact on the use of co-offending.

Keyphrases: Co-offending, Predictors, Police arrest data, Crime type, Market crime, Structuring theory of crime
Implication des protéines RECA dans le maintien de la stabilité du génome des chloroplastes d’Arabidopsis thaliana

The stability of plant organelles genomes elicits a great interest in the domain of plant biology. In fact, numerous studies suggest that genomic instability can lead to the isolation of interesting traits in the field of agronomy. Some factors such as MSH1, the POLI family, OSB1, the Whirly proteins and the Recombinase A (RECA), have already been identified has being implicated in the maintenance of genome stability. The nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes three proteins, RECA1, RECA2 and RECA3, that shares a high resemblance with bacterial Recombinase A. They are targeted to the mitochondria and/or to the chloroplast. Globally, these genes share a similarity of sequence of 61% with their bacterial homologue in Escherichia coli. In bacteria these proteins play an essential part in homologous recombination and are implicated in DNA repair. In Arabidopsis, RECA2 and RECA3 have been shown as being essential to maintain the integrity of the mitochondrial genome but their contribution to the stability of the chloroplast as well as the role of RECA1 remains obscure. The goal of this project is to establish the eventual contribution of the Arabidopsis RECA proteins in the repair of chloroplast DNA and more precisely the role of the RECA1 gene. We propose the hypothesis that plants RECA act in the same fashion as their bacterial orthologues by being implicated in homologous recombination. Within the framework of this project, we have attempted to isolate mutant lines for each RECA gene of Arabidopsis. In the end, we were able to obtain appropriate lines for our study only for the RECA1 gene. These lines were then used to evaluate the contribution of the gene to chloroplast genome stability. Afterwards, in order to study the epistatic relationship between the RECA1, WHY1 and WHY3 genes, a cross between different mutant lines of these genes was realised. We then studied the sensitivity of all of those mutant lines to ciprofloxacine, an agent causing double stranded breaks exclusively in plant organelles. Finally, we evaluated the presence of rearrangements in the chloroplast genome under normal conditions and under the presence of a genotoxic stress. Our v results show that the Whirly and RECA1 proteins are implicated in two separate pathways of DNA reparation and that the Whirly proteins are sufficient to take in charge DNA double strand breaks generated by the absence of RECA1. We also demonstrate that the absence of Whirly and RECA1 causes an increasein the quantity of rearrangements in the chloroplast genome. Furthermore, we propose that the polymerase POLIB is implicated in the same repair pathway as RECA1. Finally we propose a model to explain our results and implicate RECA1 in a DNA repair mechanism and propose a role for RECA1 in DNA replication.

Keyphrases: Whirly, Recombinase A (RECA), Arabidopsis thaliana, Homologous Recombination, ciprofloxacine, ciprofloxacin, chloroplast genome, chloroplast
Recherche qualitative sur les perceptions
de médecins québécois à l’égard du plan
de développement professionnel continu
du Collège des médecins du Québec

In 2007, the Collège des médecins du Québec adopted the Continuing professional development plan (CPD) as a tool to maintain professional competency. Despite the fact that most physicians agree on the obligation to keep their knowledge up to date and to apply state-of-the-art medical techniques, treatments and procedures, some of them have a negative opinion about the CPD plan. To better understand the perceptions of Quebec physicians, a qualitative research was carried out in the summer of 2010, through a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with 27 physicians. Purposeful sampling was used to select key informants and physicians with a potentially negative opinion towards the CPD plan (“negative” cases). The remaining participants were identified through snowball and opportunistic sampling. Combining these recruitment methods allowed us to get a wide diversity of opinions and to achieve a high level of empirical data saturation. Although a majority of the physicians interviewed agree with the idea of having a CPD plan, comments and suggestions mentioned by some participants should help the Collège des médecins du Québec improve its plan. Some irritants were mentioned, like having to maintain a CPD portfolio of activities, a task considered tedious and cumbersome by some participants. In contrast, the majority of participants are of the opinion that the CPD plan reflects the efforts made by a physician to keep up to date with medical advances. Finally, they all agree with the fact that maintaining their professional competency is a moral as well as deontological obligation for all physicians.

Keyphrases: Continuing Professional Plan, Continuing Medical Education, Medical Competencies
L'effet de l'orientation envers les buts sur les conflits et les résultats scolaires des étudiantes et étudiants de niveau collégial impliqués dans un projet pédagogique

Project learning as a pedagogical method is an important teaching strategy in the cegep network in Québec, especially since the collegial Reform in 1993 (Piché & Lapostolle, 2009). However, studies on the efficiency of this pedagogical method, especially longitudinal studies, are rare in the collegial context. The present study analyses the role of many variables from organisational research in psychology. First, the role of two personality variables that are sensitive to task complexity are considered: goal orientations  (Dweck & Leggett, 1988) and conflict management style (Rubin, Pruitt, & Kim, 1994). Two processual variables are also studied: conflict types (Jehn 1995, 1997) and proactivity (Griffin, Neale, & Parker, 2007). With the help of mediation analyses (Preacher & Hayes, 2008), the results indicate that the goal orientation and conflict management style most useful in complex tasks are also useful in the project context in cegep, improving students’ proactivity. As for conflict types, an examination of their evolution brings the conclusion that their effect is generally negative because of the strong association between each type. A possible explanation is the presence of misattribution (Simons & Peterson, 2000), which is the false interpretation of conflicts concerning the task into interpersonal conflicts.

Keyphrases: project, learning, pedagogy, cegep, goal orientations, conflicts, conflict management, proactivity, misattribution
Potential of built environment interventions involving deployment of public bicycles to increase utilitarian cycling : the case of BIXI in Montreal, Quebec

Background: Interventions in transportation and the built environment have the potential to increasing physical activity. Public bicycle share programs (PBSP) are one such intervention which may contribute to increasing cycling and physical activity. BIXI© (name merges the words BIcycle and taXI) is a public bicycle share programs launched in Montreal, Canada in May 2009. BIXI© makes available 5050 bicycles at 405 docking stations. Purpose: The overarching aim of this dissertation is to estimate the impact of a built environment intervention on cycling using. The specific research objectives are:  1) To estimate the population prevalence and identify built environment, sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of public bicycle share program use.  2) To estimate the population level impact of implementing a public bicycle share program on cycling and the contribution of utilitarian and recreational cycling to overall cycling. 3) To estimate the local impact of implementing a public bicycle share program on cycling. Methods: A population-based repeat, cross sectional time series design was used. The population of the Island of Montreal was sampled at three time points. Surveys were conducted at launch of the public bicycle share program (May 4th - June 10th 2009), at the end of the first year of implementation (October 8th - December 12th 2009), and at the end of the second year 2 of implementation (November 8th - December 12th 2010). Samples consisted of 2001 (Mean age=49.4 years, 56.7% female), 2502 (Mean age=47.8 years, 61.8% female), and 2509 (Mean age=48.9 years, 59.0% female) adults at the each time period. Results: Overall the results provide a proof of concept for the potential of PBSPs to increase cycling. Approximately 128,744 inhabitants or 8.1% of the adult population used BIXI© bicycles at least once in the first season. Respondents exposed to BIXI© at their residence after two years had a significantly greater likelihood of all forms cycling. However, there was no local impact of the BIXI© intervention on cycling.  Conclusions: The implementation of a PBSP in Montreal had increased all forms of cycling in areas where it was deployed.

Keyphrases: Public bicycle share program, Natural experiment, Population health