NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Facteurs de persévérance scolaire et d’insertion professionnelle d’adultes ayant présenté des troubles de comportements extériorisés durant leurs études secondaires

School democratization has brought the contemporary issue of adaptation in education. A category among students with disabilities or learning and adaptation difficulties (EHDAA) classified by the MELS remains more problematic than others. Students with externalizing behavior disorders are more likely to not follow the regular path, or to drop out and to have difficulties in professional integration. How to explain a minority of them, against any statistical predicate, manages to graduate and be part of an exciting career? How  behavioral problems can be reduced in adulthood? This memory brings clarification on these questions and offers a sociological analysis of the factors of perseverance in school and employability of adults who experienced externalizing behavior problems during high school. Two interviews have been made on meaningful lives of two individuals who meet these criterias. Analysis of their trajectory demonstrates that social inclusion is formed by the "interconnaissance" and "interreconnaissance" of different types of capital as agreed by Pierre Bourdieu. Also, based on the analysis method of insertion stories proposed by Demazière and Dubar, four trends were identified regarding how the resources were mobilized by the respondents. Although the material is small, this study has a unique look at several aspects of the phenomenon, which hopefully will attract the attention of other researchers who will consider the finding tracks in this thesis.

Keyphrases: insertion scolaire, behavioral disorders, perseverance in school, employability, school integration, adult
Influence de TDP-43 sur la régulation de hnRNP A1 : un impact potentiel sur la sclérose latérale amyotrophique

ALS is a fatal and late onset disease characterized by the selective loss of lower and upper motor neurons. Yet, there is no way to robustly slow or cure the disease. Recent discoveries concern TDP-43 and hnRNP A1 where mutations have been identified in ALS cases. Both have multiple functions in RNA metabolism, making the impact of mutations difficult to define. Our hypothesis is that TDP-43 regulates hnRNP A1 and that the ALS causative mutations deregulate this mechanism, having a major impact on the vulnerability of motor neurons. Our results demonstrate that TDP-43 binds hnRNP A1 mRNA, but does not affect its stability. In contrast, TDP-43 represses the expression of hnRNP A1. This mechanism could be applied in vivo where hnRNP A1B/A1 protein ratio increases in aged mice and even more in TDP-43A315T mice in the cervical and lumbar region of the spinal cord. This difference is not caused by a defect in alternative splicing. Also, the TDP-43A315T mutation would be more responsible for this difference than the overexpression of TDP-43 (result from cell culture). The impact of that increased on the cell could be the formation of aggregates since the shape of hnRNP A1B has four more areas of fibrillation than hnRNP A1. Our findings could thus provide a potential mechanism for the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions recognized as one of the main pathological features of ALS.

Keyphrases: TDP-43, hnRNP A1, Transcription, ALS, Alternative splicing, Aggregation
Relations entre morphologie, vocabulaire et compréhension écrite en français langue seconde

The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between reading comprehension, vocabulary, and the graphomorphologic processing abilities of college students studying French as a second language at intermediate and intermediate-advanced levels. Many of these students face written comprehension difficulties which are often addressed from the vantage point of lexical knowledge and graphomorphological processing, the capacity to coordinate information that is orthographic, phonologic, and semantic in nature while reading.  The results of the study demonstrate that students possess weak vocabulary, which could explain in part the problems they face with respect to written comprehension. As well, even if students at the intermediate-advanced level demonstrate better levels of written comprehension and a larger vocabulary in comparison to students at the intermediate level, their capacity with respect to graphomorphological processing are the same. The evidence demonstrates that the links between the three variables seem to be stronger for students at the intermediate level than at the intermediate-advanced level, which could imply that graphomorphological processing plays a more important role for less proficient second language learners.

Keyphrases: Second Language, Reading comprehension, Vocabulary, Morphological Processing, French as a Second Language
Jeu sérieux : étude de l'effet de l'intégration d'un modèle didactique dans un jeu vidéo sur l'apprentissage des joueurs

Serious games are a relevant educational solution in both formal and informal  contexts, as a resource for implementation, evaluation, and obviously for  increasing motivation, From a research perspective, there are many questions  about the educational value of such an approach as well as its main advantages. In  our project, we are interested particularly in the contribution of serious games  to pedagogic scenarios.  Using the game “Mecanika”, developed by the Master's in Education Department at  UQAM and based on a recognized questionnaire for identifying students'  understanding of mechanics, the Force Concept Inventory (Hestenes et al., 1992),  we have tried to isolate the main educational elements of the game in order to  assess their effect on learning. Our methodology was to compare the performance  of secondaire V students, in Quebec, who used two different versions of the game.  At first, the results confirm the findings of Boucher Genesse which were already  higher than those usually reported in research involving the FCI. We also observed  that there appears a significant relationship between having fun and learning, and  a significant relationship between the number of interactions and the version of the  game on the gain, which confirms that the game produces an effect added to that  of the teacher. The presence of stars in the original game solicited more student  interaction than the simulation version, suggesting that the use of a serious game  promotes the involvement of students.  However, no significant effect was associated with the removal of stars, indicating  that the scenario is perhaps not the main cause of learning observed in the game  Mecanika. The choice of other elements present in each scene must also be  considered. Future research is needed to better understand what promotes  meaningful learning in students who have used this game. Each convergence of  conceptual change models in our theoretical framework identify good variables to  isolate by modifying the original Mecanika game. This would permit testing of certain characteristics of conceptual change as well as identifying the reasons for  the success of the game Mecanika.

Keyphrases: FCI, Serious game, conceptual change, pedagogic scenario, implementation, mechanics
Transgression in Matthew Lewis's The Monk and the Fragmentation of the Self

‘‘Transgression in Matthew Lewis’s The Monk and the Fragmentation of the Self’’ is an investigation of the different stages that the human conscience undertakes and the conducts that each stage produces. It pays particular attention to the conversion of good to evil and the motives that nourish this conversion. By focusing on the spiritual defilement as a first step that leads to the concrete manifestation of evil, the thesis explores the subsequent parallel between the conscience of virtue and the conscience of malice. It examines the confused identity of its characters under an oppressive ruling system and explores the mechanism of power in relation to discourse, knowledge, and the body.  The first chapter deals with the degradation of the path of sanctity into that of profanity. It closely examines the growth of evil in Ambrosio’s conscience from the first instance of defilement to the eventual act of sin and the subsequent destruction he endures. I focus on Matilda’s overwhelming manipulation of his character and demonstrate the ways they intertwine. By examining Ambrosio’s fragmentation and duplicity with Matilda, my chapter negotiates the fragmented nature of the monastic discourse with the human innate longing for worldly pleasures.  The second chapter scrutinizes the religious figure’s failure to maintain his status of power when the knowledge he possesses is inexperienced. In this chapter, I question the status of power as dissolved and disbanded when it does not succeed in disciplining the subjugated body. I examine the reversal of pastoral power to the credit of the female transgressive character; and I finally conclude with the analysis of the body as the locus of trauma in the nexus of power relations. The third chapter studies the loss of certainty in patriarchal society. It examines the impacts of the failed hierarchal system on gender and its performance. This chapter illuminates the immediate spiritual, sexual, and social corruptions, and tackles the variety of twinnings that take place in the novel as a response to the stated corruptions. I also negotiate the restoration of social justice when the corrupt characters are offered a chance to self-discovery but do not escape punishment at the end of their lives.

Keyphrases: Corruption, Fragmentation, Matthew Lewis, Corruption, Defilement, Sin, Power, Fragmentation, Matthew Lewis
Empéripolèse des cellules de lymphomes humains Ramos par les fibroblastes

Fibroblasts (Fbs) often represent the majority of stromal cells within tumors. A “cafocentric” view of the tumor microenvironment (MET) hypothesizes that the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may enhance the metastatic potency of tumor cells. Very few studies investigated a physical interaction between Fbs and tumor cells within the tumor stroma. Using flow cytometry and blocking antibodies, we demonstrated that a human lymphoma cell line Ramos could interact with Fbs through the couple α4β1/VCAM-1. We observed a dose-dependent increased interaction after tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation which correlated with increased VCAM-1 expression. A similar observation was made after VCAM-1 overexpression by transfection. Further investigations by confocal microscopy revealed the engulfment of Ramos into the cytoplasm of Fbs, a process called emperipolesis which mostly corresponds to transcellular migration and involves the clustering of  the α4 sub-unit and VCAM-1 and the involvement of vimentin intermediate filaments at the transmigration cups. We visualized this cell-in-cell penetration by real time-lapse video-microscopy, which confirmed an active cellular process. Finally, we used α4β1 polystyrene coated-beads as a mimetic model to further confirm the precedent results. Our results showed that Ramos lymphoma cells can interact with and further transmigrate through Fbs by an active cellular process, the emperipolesis which involves the couple of receptors α4β1/VCAM-1. This crosstalk between Fbs and tumor cells through emperipolesis may modulate tumor cells escape from the primary tumor and support the "seed and soil" hypothesis as well as a possible involvement in tumor drug resistance. This fibroblastic permeability can be modulated by inflammation and the CAFs may react as endothelial cells and should be considered as a future target in the MET. Tumor cells may selectively search for new metastatic niches where VCAM-1 expression was already induced. Our results strengthen the growing idea that Fbs and tumor cell integrins may serve as suitable targets in the development of antagonist-based cancer therapy.

Keyphrases: VCAM-1, VLA-4, Ramos, Tumor microenvironment, Tumor stroma, Cancer-associated-fibroblasts, Vimentin, Lymphoma cells, Transcellular migration
Le saut de Leucade : érotique et contre-érotique d’un rituel de précipitation en Grèce ancienne

Love, death and suffering are among some of the most incomprehensible experiences confronting man during his life. They define his nature and make up an integral part of his symbolic universe. The Leucadian Leap is deemed to have been practiced for more than a thousand years.  Appearing in mythical, religious as well as in historical narratives, the ritual is attested by the first historians in Antiquity who explain this phenomenon from the data of the antique historiography.  The traditional meaning of the leap is inscribed in Greek mythological context and the leap is thus relief from passionate love.   The nature of the ritual changes according to literary contexts, from a purely erotic rite, to a apotropaic rite, to see it being perpetuated in a deconsecrated manner in later texts.  Analysis of the different functions of the leap seem to point toward an extreme death-defying experience where death was experienced in a metaphorical manner and provides a hypothesis for the ritual’s ordalic nature as a basis for its pragmatic efficiency.  This study purports to analyze the Greek mental forms as expressed anthropologically through the dialectic of myth and ritual and aims at understanding the interpretation of love suffering within the context of a leaping ritual in Ancient Greece.  The Leucadian Leap would thus appear to correspond to a specific discourse which would testify to a certain conception of human nature, of death, of love and of suffering in Ancient Greece’s collective imagination.

Keyphrases: suicide, catabase, Leucadian Leap, greek mythology, religious anthropology, diving, katabasis, erotism
Observance en début de psychose : acceptation, refus ou processus?

Objective: Quantitative studies have documented the extent of compliance issues in early psychosis and the ensuing clinical consequences. However, an in-depth understanding of this phenomenon remains limited. Drawing upon the perspectives of a sample of patients, their families, and clinicians, this study explores why patients suffering from early-stage psychosis accept or refuse treatment. Method: Data collection was conducted using semi-structured individual interviews with 18 patients from a clinic specializing in early psychosis who were identified as compliant, ambivalent or non-compliant. In addition, interviews were conducted with 13 of their family members, as well as a focus group composed of 8 clinicians working at the clinic. Results: For the majority of patients, compliance appeared to evolve according to a process characterized by varying degrees of ambivalence. In particular, identity issues, relational issues, the understanding of the diagnosis, and the meaning of treatment were key to understanding patients’ sense of ambivalence. Conclusion: Ambivalence and non-compliance can be seen as normal stages of a process whereby the patient struggles to rebuild his or her sense of self and constructs their ongoing identity. A relationship of trust may facilitate a gradual resolution of the ambivalence, promoting a patient’s sense of ownership and empowerment in the context of treatment.

Keyphrases: Recherche qualitative, Compliance, Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, First-episode psychosis, Qualitative research
Entre esthétique et politique : le théâtre de la réconciliation

Post-war situations ask more than an official declaration to find social stability and mutual understanding. The philosophic reflections concerning the means to reach reconciliation are numerous, but there is more research to be done concerning the impact of art to strengthen the social links and cure the members constituting society. Having demonstrated the legitimacy of a reflection concerning the role of theater in reconciliation and in the establishment of standards, we prove why the notions of narrative, public performance, creation process and transmission of emotion become criteria of validation of theater as a way towards reconciliation. By the use of theater, the community workers can better accompany the victims in their mourning and help them create new ties benefiting the development of a healthy social contract for the redesign of the State.

Keyphrases: Mémoire collective, Philosophy, Theater, Collective memory, Duty of remembrance, Transitional justice
De l'école secondaire à aujourd'hui : la différence, les jeunes gais et les nouveaux médias

This research attempts to understand how does new media participate in gay youth's - often perceived as a vulnerable population - self assertion and coming out processes (Jenkins , 2006a). An interpretive approach was chosen as well a method of semi-structured retrospective interviews which focused on their online participation, as discussed by Ito et al. (2010 ) . After two interviews with each one of the five participants, it seems that their online engagement cannot be separated from their offline contexts. The results give account of the role that new media plays in the participant's identity construction and coming out processes, including the exploration of emotional relationships, online profiles management and reflection upon new media culture and "being gay ." However, the heart of the discussion revolves around the process of what I call  the welcome of the differences. It is essential to further discuss difference (Hall, 1997) and social normativity (Butler , 1990; Duggan, 2002).

Keyphrases: New media culture, Gay youth, Coming out, Difference, Normativity, Secondary School
Les difficultés d’application du droit international au conflit du Haut-Karabagh : effectivités et causes géopolitiques

The Nagorno-Karabagh conflict, often described as frozen, reveals the certainty of a war encompassed in complex regional geopolitics. To understand this complexity, one must look closer to the history of peoples, of conquests and of ruling politics over this region. Not only are to be understood the energy issues, but also the strategic importance regarding the interests of Russia, the United States or the European Union. Here is the purpose of this research. Also, the relationship between international law and politics is of a particular importance, especially regarding the difficulties of the current negotiations. The difficulties in regard of the application of international law to this sui generis conflict are to be seen at different levels; concerning the statute of the province, as well as the mechanisms of sanctions and compensations that must be applied over crimes on people and goods, facing the issue of the definition of this conflict.

Keyphrases: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, international law, territorial integrity, right to self-determination, international humanitarian law, energy, conflict, Human rights
Forma y función de los juegos fónicos en el habla juvenil de Puebla (México)

In the youth speech of Mexico a frequent use of phonic wordplays that transform or substitute lexemes and phrases without significant alteration of the signifier are found among linguistic vitality signs. This linguistic phenomenon uses three phonic techniques: parasitic suffixation, lexical substitution based on phonic similarity and echo chaining. This report contributes by filling a void in the scientific literature and to expose this overlooked phenomenon by exploring its formal linguistic aspects and social functions. The aim of this study is to establish the relationship between linguistic structure and linguistic and social functions inherent to phonic wordplay use.  The empiric study conducted in Puebla (Mexico) allowed the collection of a corpus of more than two hundred phonic wordplays and the realization of sociolinguistic interviews with eighteen Puebla youth, who employ the studied expressions. This work proposes a classification of the corpus based on their formal structure in order to highlight that the phenomenon conforms to fixed patterns of construction. After a thematic analysis of the interviews, with an emphasis on phonic wordplay examples, we observe that the use of phonic wordplays mainly accomplishes poetic and ludic, as well as social cohesion and identity functions. This study confirms that the non-normative and cryptic characteristics intrinsic to phonic wordplays help to reinforce the aforementioned social functions as an argotic speech.

Keyphrases: Phonic wordplay, pun, youth speech, parasitic suffixation, echo chaining, lexical substitution
Paule Baillargeon : cinéaste et féministe : parcours d'émancipation et de subjectivation d'une femme en robe rouge

This thesis is devoted to the fiction long features of filmmaker Paule Baillargeon. Her career in cinema and her particular uses of the cinematic language, are examined to demonstrate the women's subjectivation process, by her "prise de parole" before and behind the camera. While mainstream cinema continues to categorize the work of Quebec filmmakers of women's films or women's cinema, a brief overview of their general evolution in fiction, and more specifically of Paule Baillargeon's experience, testifies of the accessibility problems that persists for them in this sector. Subsequently, the analysis of the four major works of fiction of the director - Anastasie oh ma chérie (1977), La cuisine rouge (1980), Le sexe des étoiles (1993), Trente tableaux (2011) - shows the need of an alternative speech and the interaction that occurs between the films and specific feminist theories, from Luce Irigaray to Judith Butler, among others.

Keyphrases: Paule Baillargeon, Fiction, Femme(s), Long feature, Subjectivity, Feminism, Women, Alternative representation, Voice, Corporeality
Study of the subcellular localization of cell cycle regulator Cks1 and its impact on cancer

Progression through the cell cycle is controlled by oscillating waves of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk). These kinases are regulated positively by association with cyclin regulatory subunits and negatively by binding of Cdk inhibitors. Among the latter, p27 inhibits all cyclin-Cdk complexes regardless of the cell cycle phase and acts as a primary negative regulator of cell proliferation in a variety of cell types and tissues. Intrinsically, phosphorylated p27 is ubiquitinated and degraded by the SCFSkp2-Cks1 complex. Mouse genetic studies and human clinical investigations have shown p27 as an important tumor suppressor, which gene is rarely mutated. However, p27 is frequently downregulated in human cancers due to an increased expression of nuclear Cks1 and this is usually associated with a poor prognosis. The subcellular localization of Cks1 is thus of primordial importance in the control of cell proliferation. Recent results from our laboratory have shown an interaction between Cks1 and nuclear transport proteins α1 and β3 importin. Analysis of the primary sequence of Cks1 also revealed a classic nuclear localization signal (NLS) at its C-terminal. Mutations have been done on the suspected NLS to determine whether or not Cks1’s nuclear import is regulated by this motif. A synthetic inhibitor of β importin has also been used to study the mechanism of Cks1 import. Results indicated that the C-terminal end of Cks1 is indeed a NLS since mutations of Cks1 and inhibition of β importin both lead to accumulation of Cks1 in the cytoplasm. These outcomes were helpful to better understand the mechanism regulating Cks1 localization. However, future works are required to further understand the impact of cytoplasmic sequestration of Cks1 on cancer and hopefully lead to the identification of novel pharmacological targets involved in cell proliferation.

Keyphrases: p27, Cks1, Cdk, NLS, Cyclin, Cell cycle, Localization, Degradation