NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Analyse comparative de la terminologie des médias sociaux : contribution des domaines de la communication et de l'informatique à la néologie

The objective of this study is to identify the neologisms within corpora of French texts by means of a semi-automatic method. More precisely, we will extract the neologisms from corpora associated to two different areas; however dealing with the same topic, we examine their distribution and we classify them according to their type.  This study is based on an analysis of two corpora within social media. The first one approaches social media from the point of view of communication, and the other approaches it from the point of view of computer science. We prioritize these two points of view being that communication is used as the main source of social media’s utilization and that computer science allows us to understand what is involved to allow for social media to be functional. For this method, we use the TermoStat term extractor in order to take census of terminology for each point of view. We then submit 150 of the most specific terms related to each point of view by way of an exclusion corpus from which we divide into three different tests meant to validate their neological status: specialized dictionaries, general language dictionaries, and a visualization tool for n-grams. Lastly, we label the neologisms according to Dubuc’s (2002) typology. The analysis of the results obtained for communication and computer science uses a comparative method.  The comparison of the two corpora reveals the respective contributions from communication and computer science with respect to the terminology of social medias, as well it demonstrates common terms found within the two disciplines. This examination also allowed for the identification of 60 neologisms; of which 28 are exclusive to the corpus of communication, another 28 are exclusive to that of computer science, and four were found to be common to both corpora. This research also reveals that subordinate compounds are the most present types of neologisms according to our results.

Keyphrases: communication, terminology, neology, social medias, computer science, semi-automatic term extraction, exclusion corpus
Super-héros victoriens : la transfictionnalité dans The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, suivi de Fiction Party

Transfictionnality, a concept close to that of transtextuality, is defined by Richard Saint Gelais as "the phenomenon by which at least two texts, from the same author or not, relate jointly to the same fiction, whether by resumption of characters, extension of a previous plot or sharing a fictional universe". This Master’s thesis in research-creation examines Alan Moore's and Kevin O'Neill's use of transfictionnality in their graphic novel The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (1999-2019), and more specifically their recycling of narrative material from nineteenth century Great Britain, which is marked by the Industrial Revolution and the imperialist policies of the reign of Queen Victoria. Our aim is to better understand how the characters of literature of the Victorian era are appropriated by the authors, transformed and recontextualized so as to criticize the culture and the society that first generated them. Fiction Party is a transfictive and autofictional narrative in which Francis, the main character, is mistakenly invited to a party in honor of fiction at Dracula's Castle. He meets countless literary characters from every country and every epoch, including Antigone, Meursault, Emma Bovary, Don Quixote, and the sheriff of Nottingham. During the festivities, however, a murder is committed, and these great literary characters must then solve the mystery and identify the culprit, in a tribute to the detective fiction of Arthur Conan Doyle and Agatha Christie.

Keyphrases: graphic novel, comics, Alan Moore, transtextuality, transfictionnality, intertextuality, rewriting, steampunk, nineteenth century, Victorian era
Le Centre des auteurs dramatiques (CEAD) : action structurante et trajectoire (1965-1980)

The influence of the Centre des auteurs dramatiques (CEAD) on the emergence and future of Quebec and French-Canadian theatre is undeniable. However, its trajectory, as well as its action, have not yet been the subject of an in-depth study. This thesis therefore proposes, based on a detailed analysis of the CEAD archives themselves, a first historical study of its first fifteen years of existence, from 1965, the year it was founded, to 1980. We first try to identify the particular context from which the organization was created in order to reveal its uniqueness and to understand how the founders, who are all playwrights, reflected on their place in the theatre community. We then propose an analysis of the trajectory of the CEAD during the short but turbulent period from 1968 to 1980, when the organization, with more corporatist than political aims, had to deal with the dazzling emergence of the committed theatre and the movement of collective creation, rejecting in particular the figure of the dramatic author. This thesis is intended as a contribution to historical research on theatre in Quebec.

Keyphrases: Centre des auteurs dramatiques (CEAD), Quebec theatre, dramaturgy, theatrical historiography, playwright
Rêve d’artiste : la littérature, la musique et l’histoire de l’art dans la poésie d’Émile Nelligan

The end of the 19th century in Montreal is a time of great intellectual and cultural development, which sees the birth of new artistic currents such as impressionism and symbolism. These currents appear in many different arts of the time. Many artistic associations are created during this period, and the École littéraire de Montréal is one of the most important among them. One of the most famous members of the École is poet Émile Nelligan, who produced a great amount of work between 1896 and 1899. Through his connections with the other members of the École littéraire de Montréal, Nelligan was in contact with the cultural and artistic changes of the time, and many of his poems include references to arts other than literature, such as painting and music. Our aim is to study how the artistic currents of the time, particularly in painting and in music, appear in Nelligan’s poetry. We base our study on the approach of literary analysis by Gérard Dessons, which is based on the analysis of different literary elements and techniques that make up the poem in order to derive its meaning. We wish to bring a greater understanding of the artistic trends present in turn-of-the-century Montreal and how Nelligan uses literary techniques to incorporate the principal techniques and ideas of those artistic currents in his work. We also wish to show the transdisciplinary nature of Nelligan’s work and his great sensibility to the relationships between the arts, even if he practiced only literature during his lifetime.

Keyphrases: Émile Nelligan, École littéraire de Montréal, Quebec poetry, Symbolism, Impressionism, Painting, Music, 19th century, Trandisciplinarity
L'exemplarité chez Max Aub : une négociation littéraire avec l'autorité

A rhetorical value among the Ancients, exemplarity was converted into a literary referent in the first collections of short stories. This transformation, at the dawn of modernity, remains sparsely commented upon. However, it is caught between cultural history and literary studies. The angle of analysis is therefore based on an approach combining a poetic perspective, looking for tensions within words, and a historical perspective, placing greater emphasis on the evolutionary process of a literary referent. This is where the adopted perspective stands out: literary thought delves deeper when encountering an attention dedicated to the history of literary recuperation. In this manner we can track the transformation of a rhetorical resource, the example, which would later give birth to various literary genres and transform itself into a legacy of the narrative tradition. This legacy would then be recovered by several authors, including Max Aub. This reflection will be punctuated by different stages. These correspond to the chapters of the master’s thesis: the first will summarize the origins and evolutions of the exemplum, while the second will focus on the narrative turn of exemplarity. Following the idea that Cervantes embodies, through his writings, a decisive mutation of literary exemplarity, I will comment further on the nature of this mutation. The third chapter will be devoted to Max Aub and his relationship to models, using the prism of exemplarity. This work is essentially scholarly. The perspective I work with allows me to combine literary history and reflections on certain intertextual issues. Aub's relationship with Cervantes and the designated tradition allows us to narrate more fully the derivation of the examples. Such a derivation is interesting, insofar as it signals the renewed concern of a thought recycling the path of its predecessors. Since Aub's case is not isolated, we can generalize some of our analyses, and finally dive into a question parallel to the relationships maintained by the texts: how to navigate through the apparent heaviness of the canonical texts? Thus, the repercussions of the canon on the authors who intend to dialogue with it and enter it are at the heart of this research.

Keyphrases: influence, paradigme, violence, canon, tradition, exemplarity, paradigm, rhetoric, narrative
Reading-together as a transformational practice : the potential role of literary fiction in the work with non-neurotic analysands

In this thesis, I explore the subject’s construction in relationality, first by presenting a theoretical framework built from concepts drawn both from literary studies and contemporary psychoanalytic approaches. In the first part of the thesis, I explore how the literary work has the potential to facilitate the actualization of otherness both in the text and within the reader. To illustrate this contention, in Part II, I explore the affective tone of the short story, “I Only Came to Use the Phone” by Gabriel García Márquez. In Part III, I elaborate theoretically on the potential benefits of using literature as a therapeutic medium with non-neurotic readers. I explore how the reading of short stories may contribute to the stimulation of the non-neurotic reader’s capacity to memorize and to remember while promoting and strengthening her/his capacity for symbolizing previously unmetabolized or unrepresented emotional experiences. I argue that reading and discussing stories in the context of analytically oriented sessions may lead to the co-construction of subsequent narratives that may be transformational for the reader’s non-neurotic psychic structure. In the fourth and last part, I argue that the intersubjective inbetween space that might emerge from the encounter of an analytic dyad with the story by García Márquez could potentially facilitate the important task of supplying new ways of thinking, feeling and expressing, while simultaneously potentially producing “dream” material that may contribute to the enlivening of the analysand’s non-neurotic conscious and unconscious life. Finally, I contend that the reading of literary fiction may initiate in non-neurotic analysands a transformational movement: first, from an internal “mycelial bath of non-figurability” to the strengthening of their representational capacity; and second, from an emotional apathy to the extension of the analysand’s affective cartographies.

Keyphrases: Psychanalyse, Reading, Psychoanalysis, Transformational practice, Unrepresented mental states, Self-narrative
Non responsabilité criminelle pour cause de troubles mentaux : comparaison des pratiques de supervision des Commissions d’examen aux peines prononcées dans le système pénal

Since the 1990’s, the number of individuals found not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder has increased in Canada. However, the NCRMD verdict remains controversial. While some fear that the verdict is a loophole and releases dangerous individuals in the community, others suggest that this defense could cause more control than a sentence in the criminal justice system. Some also question the ability of Review Boards to leave aside the punitive rationale in the decision-making process.  Objective: This study examines the supervison practices imposed to NCRMD accused by comparing them with those applied to offenders found guilty and responsible (GR). This comparison aims to highlight the specificities these two populations’ trajectories (length of supervision, length of detention and presence of detention in follow-up), in three Canadian provinces (Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia) between 2000 and 2008. Two datasets were used. The first comprises individuals found NCRMD (n = 1794) and comes from the National Trajectory Project of Individuals Found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in Canada. The second comprises GR offenders (n = 320,919) and comes from Statistics Canada's Criminal Court Survey. Results: The Cox and logistic regressions results show that NCRMD individuals are almost three times and four times likely to be released from legal supervision and detention respectively compared to GR offenders, and are five times more likely to be detained during follow-up. Provincial differences were also observed, theses disparities being significantly greater among NCRMD individuals.

Keyphrases: CETM, Not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder, NCRMD, Trajectories, Review Boards, Criminal justice system, Forensic psychiatry
La réussite criminelle des participants à la fraude financière en ligne

Carding is a criminal phenomenon which consists of compromising financial data in order to do fraudulent transactions. Several private and public parties highlighted the size of the loss caused by this new form of criminality. From the criminological angle, little research is available in the size and scope of the phenomenon, particularly on the criminal achievement of this kind of online offenders (called carders). To fill this gap, this research project is aimed at understand the criminal achievement of carders by observing the impact of their personal and social characteristics on their criminal income. Theses variables relate among others to their market activities or their sociodemographic. To do so, an online survey, hosted on Tor, was conducted. A total of 49 completed surveys were collected to do our analysis. By describing these personal and social characteristics, this work has been able to update our knowledge about carders and to address gaps about certain part of what we known about carding. Overall, the results shown that few carders can claim a good criminal achievement and that a minority of them can earn large amounts of money. Experience, speciliazed skills, the use of online forums or play the role of broker explained the criminal achievement among carders.Apart from the fact that our study brings some answers about those predictors, this project highlights the strengths and weaknesses of using an online survey to collect data from a criminal ecosystem.

Keyphrases: carding, survey, Criminal achievement
Dimérisation photocatalytique d’alcynes pour la synthèse de 1,3-énynes

This thesis presents a new methodology for the synthesis of 1,3-enynes by dimerization of terminal alkynes. The synthetic method used is based on metallaphotoredox, a technology that was largely developed during the last few years. The latter uses visible light as an energy source, a photocatalyst that can absorb the light and a metal-based catalyst that interacts with the photocatalyst. The dimerization of alkyne can be achieved by submitting a terminal alkyne under blue light irradiation in the presence of the photocatalyst 4CzIPN, the catalyst Co(BF4)2·6H2O, the ligand DPPP and the base DIPEA which is used as a sacrificial anode, in acetonitrile. The reactions of homo-dimerization (one alkyne with an identical alkyne) provides yields ranging from 48 to 90 % and a E:Z ratio of >99:1 for the resulting enyne. Reactions of hetero-dimerization (one alkyne with a different alkyne) can also be achieve with an aliphatic or aromatic alkyne and a silyl alkyne (TMS or TIPS) with yields ranging from 47 to 99 % and a E:Z ratio of >99:1 for the resulting enyne. This methodology was then applied for macrocyclization reactions. Macrocycles with 17-, 18- and 19- members ring were synthesized that way, with yield of 25, 91 and 37 % respectively.

Keyphrases: Cobalt, Alkynes, Dimerization, Metallaphotoredox, Macrocyclization
Synthèse biocatalytique de macrocycles planaires chiraux

Macrocycles represent a unique chemotype in organic chemistry, with applications ranging from pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, aromachemicals and material science. An important property of macrocycles is the possibility of displaying planar chirality yielding distinct atropisomeric structures with unique properties. Very few generalized techniques capable of controlling atropisomerism in macrocycles exist, rendering their synthesis extremely challenging. We have achieved the first example of enantio- and atroposelective biocatalytic synthesis of planar chiral p-cyclophanes. Employing a commercially available immobilized lipase (CALB) and simple pro-chiral starting materials, we were able to generate 23 different structures with yields ranging from 11 to 88 %. SFC analysis permitted evaluation of the enantioenrichment of the different macrocycles, which ranged from 96 to >99 % ee. Importantly, planar chiral macrocycles having halogen or borylated substituents are capable of molecular diversification outside the boundaries of what may be tolerated by the enzyme. Our discovery paves the way for the use of biocatalysts in the control of atropisomerism during macrocycle formation.

Keyphrases: cyclophanes, macrocycles, atropisomerism, biocatalysis
Au-delà du sens commun : reconsidérer la vulnérabilité de femmes réfugiées en provenance de Syrie détenant la responsabilité principale du soutien de leur famille au Québec et au Liban

This Master’s thesis in Social Work focuses on the experiences of refugee women coming from Syria, who are holding the main financial and caring responsibility of supporting their family in Quebec/Canada and in Lebanon. Women who hold this responsibility in exile are often seen as being de facto vulnerable by organizations that are in charge of the global management of forced migration, although what women experience concretely in these situations remains unclear (Freedman, 2017). Despite being a corner stone of the refugee protection system, vulnerability doesn’t appear to be defined beyond common sense    conceptions - to be susceptible to harm. A transnational feminist approach (Mohanty, 2003; Zeweri, 2017; McLaren, 2017) is at the core of the analysis of the “life story” interviews that were conducted with 12 women holding the main responsibility of supporting their family (5 in Quebec, 7 in Lebanon). More specifically, their testimonies were analyzed through the conceptual lens of ambivalent vulnerability (Oliviero, 2016) in order to document their experiences, as well as to reconsider the notion of vulnerability beyond its common sense assumptions. The women who participated in this research were undoubtedly facing various forms of violence and marginalization, but they also turned out to be exposed to a series of transformative opportunities and experiences inscribed in the continuity of their life trajectories (Oliviero, 2016; Grace, 2018; Zeweri, 2017).  The impact of forced migration on family dynamics was at the core of their testimonies and was chosen as the main theme used to illustrate the wide spectrum of their experiences through a scientific article (to be submitted). They said they felt responsible to take action to support and to protect their family members and themselves, implying that they don’t only have to do so, but that they also feel like they can also do something to face the conditions of their life in exile. Their testimonies diverged from representations of their vulnerability, focusing mainly on victimization and socio-economic precarity. This research shows that the acknowledgment of the polysemic character of their realities should be put at the core of academic, humanitarian and political representations of refugee women’s experiences. It could thus inform the development of protection and support practices anchored in solidarity, as well as full respect of refugee women’s humanity and dignity.

Keyphrases: Refugee women, Responsibility of supporting the family, Vulnerability, Transnational feminism, Life stories, Syria, Lebanon, Quebec
L’étude de l’expérience des Cris de Waswanipi lors des processus de consultation concernant l’exploitation forestière

This thesis focuses on the local participation of the Waswanipi Cree during consultation meetings concerning forestry operations on their ancestral territory. Since the signing of the the Agreement Concerning a New Relationship Between le Gouvernement du Québec and the Crees of Québec, commonly called Paix des Braves Agreement in 2002, the Crees of Eeyou Istchee have gained distinct consultation provisions related to forest land management. Among other things, the adapted forestry regime ensures the establishment of Joint Working Groups, where the Quebec government and the Crees negotiate territorially-based forest planning. This mechanism for implementing the Paix des Braves falls in line with the initial demands made by the Crees. Acknowledging this, it is pertinent to ask whether the consultation processes orchestrated by the Joint Working Groups meet the needs and aspirations of the Crees more than a decade after the signing of the agreement. This sociological research conducted in the community of Waswanipi strives to highlight the experience of tallymen, stewards of traditional family lands and family representatives in Joint Working Groups, during consultation processes. Through a dozen interviews with tallymen, this thesis seeks to highlight the impact tallymen have on territorial planning as well as the place given to traditional knowledge during consultation meetings.

Keyphrases: Waswanipi, Autochtones, Cogestion, Cree, Indigenous, Forestry, Local participation, Territorial governance, Co-management, Indigenous traditional knowledge
L'impact des recommandations des commissions d'enquête sur la législation québécoise

The subject of this master's thesis are the impacts on Quebec's legislation of inquiry commissions on the lack of integrity and ethics in public administration. More specifically, the implementation by lawmakers of recommendations proposed by commissioners’ reports since Confederation is examined. Even though public inquiry commissions are mandated by the government to discover the truth in a particular case by using a quasi-judicial proceeding, their reports contain proposals to prevent new occurrences of the same problem. During the first decades of public inquiry commissions in Québec (1867‒1959), their reports contained but few legislative recommendations, (with some exceptions, e.g. Dunscomb Commission, 1869‒1870; Cannon Commission, 1909), and when such recommendations were included, parliamentarians were reluctant to integrate them in legislation (save for Dunscomb Commission). Since the 1960s, public inquiry commissions' reports have contained more complex recommendations and the successive legislatures have proven themselves more interested in implementing them. Legislators reacted to the extended media coverage of inquiry commissions (e.g. Cliche Commission, 1975; Charbonneau Commission 2015) and the tendency has been for the rapid adoption of laws inspired by their reports. In the last decades, commissions have proposed the creation of several politically independent government institutions, leading to their creation (Agence du Revenu du Québec, Autorité des marchés publics, etc.). However, throughout history, lawmakers have been more reluctant to follow recommendations respecting parliamentarians or ministers themselves.

Keyphrases: Public inquiry commissions, Quebec legislation, Royal inquiry commissions