NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'identité européenne : un développement progressif par la citoyenneté et la Charte des droits fondamentaux de l'Union européenne

Since the original project, the European Union has extended its borders, integrated new territories, new political traditions and has taken a new geographic form. Its borders "undefined" moved, the area giving way to an open space. But this evolution did not alter the nature of questions relating to its identity, the existence of a European society, the identification of "peoples" to their new European political Community and the emergence of a european public space.   The issue of the European identity is that despite all measures deployed by supranational institutions (harmonization process, homogenization and convergence), it remains an abstract concept whose expression and rooting in the social sphere are still superficial. The European Union is indeed a community of citizens, the rights are codified by successive treaties, but it remains a community whose identity is still uncertain.  Although the European identity concerns a range of questions that must be considered concurrently - enlargement, border issues, political-institutional hybridity, we will analyze it mainly through the prism of European citizenship and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The following question will therefore be asked : European citizenship and the Charter of Fundamental Rights will they contribute to emerge or even consolidate a European identity?

Keyphrases: Appartenance, Appartenance, European idea, European idea, European construction, European construction, Legal Europe, Legal Europe, Economical Europe, Economical Europe, Political Europe, Political Europe, European citizenship, European citizenship, European values, European values, Sense of belonging, Sense of belonging, Human rights, Charter of Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Rights
L'évolution des conceptions et des pratiques relatives à la notion de phrase en FLE d’enseignants vietnamiens du secondaire engagés dans une formation continue en syntaxe

This research aims to describe the evolution of conceptions and teaching practices related to the notion of sentence of five Vietnamese French teachers involved in a training program about syntax in new grammar and children’s literature. To examine the evolution of teachers’ conceptions of sentence, we conducted two semi-structured interviews, one before and one after the training program. To study the evolution of teaching practices on sentence, we observed only one teacher after training. In addition, she described her practices on sentence in a telephone interview that took place at the end of each month (November 2011-March 2012). Our results indicate that teachers changed their conceptions on sentence. Indeed, in the second interview, we observed for the five teachers better results in identifying sentences, most convincing identification criteria, improved accuracy in the comments relative to the definitions and in explanations of errors. As far as practices are concerned, the teacher we followed has completed activities on sentence after training, which constitutes an improvement in practices since before training, this concept was neglected. Her observed and reported practices indicate that she has integrated in her class the key concepts of new grammar concerning the sentence and children’s literature in teaching this concept.

Keyphrases: conception, formation continue, concept, teaching practice, new grammar, sentence, children’s literature, training, French as a foreign language
Identification d’une architecture à base de composants dans une application orientée objets à l’aide d’une analyse dynamique

A system is complex and particularly difficult to understand and to maintain when it is described with a large number of highly interdependent parties. An object-oriented application is often complex because it uses hundreds or thousands of classes with many different dependencies more or less explicit. The same application, using the component paradigm, contains a smaller number of loosely coupled parties, highly cohesive with clear inter-dependencies. Indeed,  because the component paradigm provides a high-level representation, synthetic and well-organized structure of complex systems, it can provide a space of projection for object-oriented applications. Such projection facilitates the step of understanding a system prior to any activity of maintenance and/or evolution.   In addition, it is possible to use this representation as a model to perform a complete restructuring of an  operational object-oriented application into its equivalent operational component-based application. Thus, the new form of the application benefits from all the good properties associated with the component-oriented paradigm.  The goal of my thesis is to propose a semi-automatic approach to identify a component-based architecture in an object-oriented application. This architecture should help in understanding the original application, but also simplifies the projection of the object-oriented application on a concrete component model.  The identification of a component-based architecture is achieved in three main steps:  i) obtaining data for the identification process. These data, which correspond to dependencies between classes, are obtained with a dynamic analysis of the target application. ii) identification of the components. Three methods were explored. The first uses the formal concept analysis, the second two meta-heuristics and the last a multiobjective meta-heuristic. iii) identification of the component-based architecture representing the target application. This is done by identifying the provided and required interfaces for each component.  To validate this identification process, and the different choices made during its development, I realized several case studies. Finally, I show the feasibility of the projection of the identified component-based architecture on a specific component  model.

Keyphrases: Computer science, Software engineering, Component
Source spaces and perturbations for cluster complexes

We define objects made of marked complex disks connected by metric line seg- ments and construct two sequences of moduli spaces of these objects, referred as the ⊗ version (nonsymmetric) and the • version (symmetric). This allows choices of coherent perturbations over the corresponding versions of the Floer trajectories proposed by Cornea and Lalonde ([CL]). These perturbations are intended to lead to an alternative geometric description of the (obstructed) A∞ and L∞ structures studied by Fukaya, Oh, Ohta and Ono ([FOOO2],[FOOO]) and Cho ([Cho]).     Given a Pin± monotone lagrangian submanifold L ⊂ (M, ω) with mini- mal Maslov number ≥ 2, we define an A∞ -algebra structure from the critical points of a generic Morse function on L. We express this structure as a cochain complex extending the pearl complex introduced by Oh ([Oh]) and further ex- plicited by Biran and Cornea ([BC]), equipped with its quantum product. This could also be seen as an alternative geometric description of a Fukaya cate- gory of (M, ω) with L as its only object, a hamiltonian relative version appear- ing in [Sei]. Using spaces of quilted clusters, we verify, using more general quilted cluster spaces, that this defines a functor from a homotopy category of Pin± monotone lagrangian submanifolds hL mono,± (M, ω) to the homotopy category of cochain complexes hK(Λ-mod) where Λ is an appropriate Novikov ring.

Keyphrases: Clusters, Symplectic topology, Fukaya categories, Lagrangian submanifolds, Floer homology, Morse homology, Cluster homology, Clusters, Pseudoholomorphic curves, Regularity, Collar neighborhood
Modulation de l'apprentissage visuel par stimulation électrique transcrânienne à courant direct du cortex préfrontal

Repeated visual processing of an unfamiliar face suppresses neural activity in face-specific areas of the occipito-temporal cortex. This "repetition suppression" (RS) is a primitive mechanism involved in learning of unfamiliar faces, which can be detected through amplitude reduction of the N170 event-related potential (ERP). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) exerts top-down influence on early visual processing. However, its contribution to N170 RS and learning of unfamiliar faces remains unclear. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) transiently increases or decreases cortical excitability, as a function of polarity. We hypothesized that DLPFC excitability modulation by tDCS would cause polarity-dependent modulations of N170 RS during encoding of unfamiliar faces. tDCS-induced N170 RS enhancement would improve long-term recognition reaction time (RT) and/or accuracy rates, whereas N170 RS impairment would compromise recognition ability. Participants underwent three tDCS conditions in random order at ~72 hour intervals: right anodal/left cathodal, right cathodal/left anodal and sham. Immediately following tDCS conditions, an EEG was recorded during encoding of unfamiliar faces for assessment of P100 and N170 visual ERPs. P300 was analyzed to detect prefrontal function modulation. Recognition tasks were administered ~72 hours following encoding. Results indicate the right anodal/left cathodal condition facilitated N170 RS and induced larger P300 amplitudes, leading to faster recognition RT. Conversely, the right cathodal/left anodal condition caused increases in N170 amplitudes and RT, but did not affect P300. These data are the first to demonstrate that DLPFC excitability modulation can influence early visual encoding of unfamiliar faces, highlighting the importance of DLPFC in basic learning mechanisms.

Keyphrases: Repetition suppression, Learning, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Transcranial direct current stimulation, Face processing, Event-related potentials
Préparation à l'école et engagement scolaire : le rôle médiateur de la relation maître-élève

Risk factors associated with lower school engagement have been widely studied. Children entering school with lower levels of school readiness tend to be less engaged in school activities. However, the mechanisms leading those children to early disengagement are yet to be discovered. Better understanding these mechanisms could help prevent disengagement and school dropout. Social relationships are known to be of high importance, especially at school entry. Therefore, the present study will test if the teacher-student relationship in grade 1 can explain the association between school readiness in kindergarten and school engagement in grade 2. This hypothesis was verified using multiple linear regressions and a sample of 1492 French-canadian pupils. Results show that children’s readiness for school in kindergarten can predict their level of school engagement two years later. Furthermore, conflict and closeness in the teacher-student relationship are mechanisms which can explain this predictive relationship. Implications for further research and school intervention will be discussed.

Keyphrases: School readiness, School engagement, Student-teacher relationship, Closeness, Conflict
Elaboration d'une boîte à outils pour les archives audiovisuelles

This toolkit gathers resources about audiovisual archives for the archivist's tasks : identification of the physical medium, digitisation and legislation for example.

Keyphrases: archives sonores, audiovisual archives, sound archives, audiovisual records, sound records, archives
Le soutien maternel à l’autonomie : stabilité et relation avec le développement des fonctions exécutives à l'âge préscolaire

Despite growing empirical support for the idea that maternal autonomy support plays an important role in child development, many questions remained to be investigated. Especially, little is known about its temporal stability, its antecedents, and its relations with child cognitive development. The first article aims to examine the potential mediating role of child language in the prospective relation between maternal autonomy support and child executive functioning (EF). The second article aims to examine (a) the relative and absolute stability of maternal autonomy support between infancy and preschool age and (b) the moderating role of child gender, maternal attachment state of mind, and stressful life events. The goal of the third article is to examine the role of early and ongoing maternal autonomy support, and of its stability over time, in predicting child EF. 70 mother-infant dyads took part in five assessments. At 7-8 months, the Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1996) was administered to assess mothers’ state of mind with respect to attachment. Maternal autonomy support was rated at 15 months and 3 years with Whipple, Bernier, and Mageau’s (2011) coding scheme, based on observations performed during a mother-child problem-solving task (15 months) and a clean-up task (3 years). Stressful life events were measured at 18 months, 2 and 3 years with the Life Experiences Survey (Sarason, Johnson, & Siegel, 1978) completed by mothers. At 2 years, mothers were asked to complete the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (Dionne, Tremblay, Boivin, Laplante, & Pérusse, 2003) to measure child language ability. Finally, child EF was assessed with a battery of tasks chosen based on Carlson’s (2005) measurement guidelines. The results of the first paper suggested that child language played a mediating role in the relation between maternal autonomy support and child performance on EF tasks entailing a strong impulse control component. The results of the second article revealed that maternal autonomy support is stable in relative terms, but that its mean level decreases over time. Moreover, there was significant relative stability only for mothers of girls, mothers who showed greater coherence of mind with respect to attachment, and mothers who experienced fewer stressful life events. The results of the last article showed that the average level of autonomy support displayed by mothers between infancy and preschool years was a more consistent predictor of child Impulse Control and Conflict-EF (two aspects of EF) than either early or current autonomy support in isolation, and that children of mothers who displayed high autonomy support at both 15 months and 3 years performed the best on impulse control. The results presented in the articles are discussed, along with their implications.

Keyphrases: maternal autonomy support, stability, executive functions, language, stressful life events, child gender, maternal attachment state of mind
Le graffiti à Montréal : pratique machiste et stratégies féminines

Graffiti has long been associated with vandalism in the city where it has proliferated.  In the same logic of visibility and promotion found in all cities, it has become so integrated into the urban environment that we do not even notice it. Nevertheless, its presence constantly arouses the anger of property owners, citizens, and the municipal authorities who spend large sums of money every year in removal costs. In spite of this, graffiti has become an urban art phenomenon. Graffiti artists have attained fame outside of the subculture and are able to exhibit their work legally, in part, because of an increased interest from the art world. Art institutions and the art market have contributed to the increased craze and enthusiasm for this urban art practice.  Graffiti is the expression of an illegitimate identity that appropriates urban surfaces in the city using a fictitious name. Writing and spreading that name as much as possible are core values in the graffiti subculture. Risk taking, challenging authority, and dissidence are values generally understood as being masculine. As well, the archetypal graffiti artist is marginal and rebellious. Understood in this manner, it can be seen that this highly populated subculture is powerfully chauvinistic.  Female artists in the graffiti community are a minority, in particular because the appeal for an illicit, dangerous, night time practice is less popular. Using an approach grounded in art history and gender studies, this paper will explore why there is a generally low level of interest for women to practice graffiti. It will also be demonstrated that in practice female graffiti artists distinguish themselves from their male counterparts. How do they qualify their experiences? What kind of iconography do they choose to define themselves? What are their opinions of, and how do they perceive, their own subculture? Finally, how they do characterize their artistic feminine status within a male chauvinist community?

Keyphrases: Graffiti, Women, Urban art, Graffiti signature, Gender, Chauvinism, Art public, Public art, Subculture, Gender studies
Étude d’impact de l’alimentation entérale précoce sur la
durée de séjour hospitalier pour la chirurgie colique

Introduction: of early feeding within 24 hours of intestinal surgery seems advantageous in terms of reduction of wound infection, pneumonia and length of hospital stay. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of early enteral nutrition in length of hospital stay in comparison to traditional postoperative feeding regimen. Method: This prospective study enrolled 95 patients randomized in two groups: control group patients receive enteral feeding in absence of nausea or vomiting, abdominal distension and after passage of flatus or stools, while patients in experimental group were fed a liquid diet within 12 hours of surgery, followed by a regular diet at the next meal. The primary endpoint was the impact of early oral feeding on hospital length of stay. The secondary endpoint was to measure the impact of the diet reintroduction modality on the incidence of early postoperative morbidity and return of bowel function. Result: Length of hospital stay was slightly diminished in the experimental group compared to control (8,78±3,85 versus 9,41±5,22), but the difference was not statistically significant. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were reported in 24 (51,0%) patients in experimental group and 30 (62,5%) in control group. Only one patient required nasogastric tube insertion. The majority of patients did not demonstrate any postoperative morbidity in both groups. Conclusion: Early enteral nutrition is safe after intestinal surgery. However we did not demonstrate that early enteral feeding diminished length of hospital stay or hastened the return of bowel function.

Keyphrases: Colectomie, Early enteral nutrition, Colectomy, Hospital length of stay, Prospective randomized trial
L'autorisation du télétravail comme acte de confiance

This master’s thesis aims to understand the process leading to an act of trust in an organizational context by studying the decision to authorize teleworking. It explores how managers cross the different stages of the process leading to a state of positive expectations with respect to an employee that allows them to authorize teleworking. From a theoretical point of view, I adopt a dynamic view of trust by mobilizing a processual approach and the concept of suspension (Möllering, 2001, 2006). This study is based on semi-structured interviews conducted with six managers who have authorized teleworking. Participants were interviewed twice and each wrote a short reflection on the theme of trust. Their stories were analyzed inductively. My results show that when a manager plans to authorize teleworking, he or she mobilizes a knowledge bank that has been previously acquired through interactions with the employee to build an optimistic fiction of future. This imaginative exercise allows the manager to suspend his or her uncertainty and anticipate optimistically the behavior of remote workers. Taking the risk represented by the authorization of telework is not only the result of a state of favourable expectations. In large business, this act of trust also seems to be based on a collective suspension of organizational uncertainty and vulnerability.

Keyphrases: trust, telework, risk, organization, positive expectations
Entre danser pour soi et danser pour les autres : la construction de l'expérience dans le processus de socialisation des danseurs de tango argentin de Montréal

This ethnographic study explores the Argentine tango network of Montreal, the esthetic values of this tango, the interpretation of experience acquired through the socialization process and the various  agents of socialization. In a context of appropriation and deterritorialization of a savoir-faire art such as tango, the symbolic references related to the dance’s original context, mythology and sociohistoric context are less accessible to the dancers. This seems to call a sort of overdetermination of the actual, concrete and interactive experience of the dance in the construction of collective meaning. My research will explore a transposition which occurs within the tango social sphere; a compliance with interactive aspects of esthetic norms that draws the dancer’s attention in practice and discourse towards a certain quality of experience. These values can be traced to the origins of tango and the encounters between different social worlds and transnational connections at different periods of its evolution. From such transesthetic encounters, tango has developped, in the way experience is represented and put into form, a dualism between dancing for others and dancing for one self. In the specific context of Montreal, we observe this cohabitation of two apparently antagonistic value systems. On one hand, we value the personal exhibition, and on the other, we prioritize the inner nature and subjective experience of the dance. In brief, this thesis explores the complex relationship existing between cultural process and cultural products, between experience and meaning, between collectivity and individual subjectivities, and redefines the agentive role of social actors by examining the specific ways meaning is produced in expressive culture such as the dance.

Keyphrases: anthropology, experience, aesthetic values, socialization, argentine tango
Implication du peptide ScRALF3 dans le développement du gamétophyte femelle chez Solanum chacoense

Development coordination through intercellular communication is essential for plant reproduction. Several studies show that communication between embryo sac and maternal tissue, the sporophyte, is essential to the development of gametes. These molecules, peptides or other actors involved in these signaling pathways and their mode of action remains unclear. Genes encoding small secreted RALF peptides specifically or ubiquitously expressed throughout the plant are good candidates to allow these cell-cell communications. Thirteen RALF-like genes have been isolated at present from the wild potato Solanum chacoense. Now, we show that one of these, ScRALF3, is involved in the polarization of the embryo sac and the synchronicity of mitotic divisions to ensure the formation of a functional mature female gametophyte. Since it is specifically expressed in the integument of the ovule, ScRALF3 is an ideal candidate to regulate cell-cell communication between the sporophyte and the gametophyte, e.g., the embryo sac.

Keyphrases: Rapid alkalinisation factors (RALF), Communication cellule-cellule, Solanum chacoense, Cell-cell communication, Development, Female gametophyte, Embryo sac, Cell division, Synchronicity, Polarity