Modulation de la stabilité de l'ARNm alphaENaC dans les cellules épithéliales alvéolaires : détermination du rôle des séquences 3' non traduites

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expressed in alveolar epithelial cells plays a major role for lung liquid clearance at birth and lung edema resorption in adulthood. The expression and activity of ENaC are inhibited by many pathophysiological stress that could have an impact in the clinical outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pulmonary inflammation is an important factor in this inhibition that may promote or sustain pulmonary edema. We have previously shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa inhibit αENaC mRNA expression by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, suggesting that a modulation of αENaC mRNA stability could play a role in this process.  The main objective of the present work was to characterize how different pathophysiological stress affect αENaC mRNA expression in alveolar epithelial cells and determine whether this modulation could be explained in part by regulating the stability of the transcript. Our study shows that LPS and cycloheximide decrease the level of αENaC mRNA with a similar time course and via the activation of the MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. Despite similarities, there were important differences in the mechanisms involved in the modulation of αENaC mRNA expression. While LPS repress αENaC mRNA transcription, cycloheximide triggers post-transcriptional mechanisms involving the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of αENaC mRNA. To further study the role of αENaC 3'UTR in this process, we developed a Tet-Off model that allows us to measure the half-life of αENaC mRNA regardless of the use of a transcription inhibitor such as actinomycin D (Act. D). Using this system, we showed a 100 min half-life for αENaC mRNA, a much shorter time then the one reported for this mRNA using Act. D. We showed that Act. D has an important stabilizing effect on αENaC mRNA and cannot be used to assess the stability of the transcript. Using deletion mutants of the αENaC 3'UTR region, we determined how different portions of 3'UTR were important in modulating stability of the transcript. We found that the 3'UTR has dual functions, with portions important to promote stabilization (proximal 3'UTR) and others that strongly destabilize (distal 3'UTR) the transcript. Our system also allowed us to confirm that the decreased expression of αENaC mRNA induced by TNF-α results in part by a decreased stability of the mRNA. Finally, we identified several RNA-binding proteins that interact specifically with αENaC 3'UTR and determined if these proteins had an impact on transcript stability. Surexpression of two of these proteins in alveolar epithelial cells, DHX36 and TIAL1 was able to decrease the level of αENaC mRNA via a downregulation of mRNA stability.  The work presented here shows the complexity of the signal transduction pathways elicited by different pathological stress conditions in alveolar epithelial cells and is the first to show that αENaC mRNA stability elicited by sequences in 3’UTR plays an important role in modulating the level of the transcript. The Tet-Off model that we developed allows to accurately estimate the half-life of αENaC mRNA and shows that the 3’UTR portion of the mRNA plays a complex role in the modulation of transcript stability in basal and pro-inflammatory conditions. Finally, we identified two putative RNA-binding proteins able to specifically recognize αENaC 3’UTR and modulate the transcript stability.

Keyphrases: inflammation, SDRA, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), messenger RNA, stability, 3' untranslated region (3'UTR), half-life, alveolar epithelial cells, cellular stress, edema, ARDS