Portrait sociodémographique, anamnestique et psychopathologique des enfants placés en Centre jeunesse et à qui l'on prescrit des médicaments psychotropes

Summary The present thesis aims to better understand the use of psychotropic medication among children in foster care, a population, which appears to be particularly subject to psychopharmacotherapy. In order to achieve this goal, the sociodemographic, anamnestic and psychopathological characteristics of children who receive psychopharmacotherapy will be analyzed. The sample consists of 101 children in care, including 71 children receiving psychotropic medications. These data were obtained through questionnaires completed by the educators responsible for these youths. In terms of structure, this work of research consists of an introduction, four articles, and a conclusion. The first article includes a review of the literature on the use of psychopharmacotherapy in children placed in youth protection care. It has been found that prescription rates can vary between 13% and 77%, depending on the type of placement and geographical areas studied. The symptomatology of children receiving psychotropic medication is mainly characterized by externalizing problems and psychotic disorders. The correlates of prescription rates involve the severity of the clinical portrait, the type and instability of placement, child age and gender, and workers’ training. Finally, the literature review shows the influence of neuroscience on the medical community’s decisions to prescribe. The second article presents the prevalence of psychopharmacological prescriptions in children ages 6 to 12 years, who are placed in foster group homes or rehabilitation centers. It also identifies the classes of molecules used, the reasons for prescribing and the training of the prescribing physician. The results indicate that 70.3% of young people receive at least one prescription, most often signed by specialized physicians. These data mostly consist of psycho-stimulant and antipsychotic drugs prescribed for Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD). The third article seeks to identify the sociodemographic and anamnestic characteristics of children receiving psychotropic medication. Medicated youths (n = 71) were compared to non-medicated ones (n = 30). The results indicate that both groups experienced psychosocial stressors prior to their placement. However, foster children who received psychopharmacotherapy were removed from their home at a younger age, and experienced more family life changes before the age of 6, in comparison to non-medicated children.  The fourth article aimed to target the psychopathology portrait of children receiving psychotropic medication, and to clarify their overall level of functioning. It also focuses on educators’ knowledge and perceptions of psychopharmacotherapy. The results showed that medicated had a mental disorder diagnosis recorded in their files more often than non-medicated children. As perceived by educators, these children had more externalized and internalized problems. However, according to self-reported data, no distinction can be made between medicated and non-medicated children, since both groups reported comparable levels of symptoms and diagnostic signs. Finally, the results indicate that post-traumatic stress symptoms and educators’ favorable opinion concerning pharmacotherapy are significant predictors of the probability of medication use. In conclusion, the inputs of these research findings are analyzed in light of previous studies. The clinical implications are discussed and future research directions will be suggested

Keyphrases: Maltraitance, Psychotropic medication, Child psychopathology, Youth protection, Child maltreatment