NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La représentation de la violence chez les personnages féminins dans les tragédies lyriques de Quinault et Lully

This master's thesis will focus on the first four lyric tragedies that were written by Quinault and Lully, that is Cadmus et Hermione (1673), Alceste (1674), Thésée (1675), and Atys (1676), and examine the representation of female characters in their relation with violence. Based on socio-historical and dramaturgical considerations, it seeks to determine whether, through their formal freedom, the first French operas were able to promote a freer and stronger image of womanhood than the one conveyed by the doxa. The first chapter addresses the issue of violence in the French society of the 17th century and discusses women's relation with violence, suffered, as well as caused. It then details the peculiarities of violence in lyric tragedy by summoning the notions of pathos and catharsis, tragical effect and theatrical representation. Using a methodology based on literary and dramaturgical studies, complemented by short musical analysis, the second chapter analyzes the corpus' female characters' relation to violence – first, the deadly, followed by the supernatural, before comparing their dichotomous representation to the more diversified one of the male characters.

Keyphrases: Quinault, Lully, Violence, Lyric tragedy, Female characters, Feminist studies
Les revues culturelles, lieux de la parole littéraire :
regards métacritiques dans Liberté, L’Inconvénient, Contre-jour et Spirale

Whilst Literature Studies are professionalizing and culture becomes less and less prominent in traditional media, literary reviews offer a distinctive voice for criticism. Liberté, L’Inconvénient, Contre-jour and Spirale offer intellectuals, critics and academics alike an adjoining space for the practice of cultural criticism, which positions itself somewhere between scientific publications and mass media. Whether they identify themselves primarily as hermeneutics experts, mediators or scholars, the critics who participate in those reviews all avail themselves of a literary word. Each chapter of this thesis will examine one of the four publications named above, retracing their history and analyzing meta-critical texts published in their pages to outline the differences and similarities between their conceptions of literary criticism, and its function and application. Methods used to conceptualize reviews as groups are akin to the works of Andrée Fortin and Michel Lacroix. By analyzing the recurring themes, the filiations (as Martine-Emmanuelle Lapointe and Anne Caumartin’s works exemplify) and the rhetoric (particularly the notion of ethos as developed by Dominique Maingueneau and Ruth Amossy) of these literary reviews, this thesis will reveal what constitutes, for the critics studied here, the singularity and the value of the literary word.

Keyphrases: Quebec litterature, Literary magazines and journals, Literary criticism, History of ideas, Liberté (journal), Spirale (journal), Contre-jour (journal)
Écriture autobiographique et sceau cicatriciel dans L’Ascension du Haut Mal de David B.

This thesis aims to detail the peculiarities of the autobiographical speech in Epileptic to capture the poetics signature of David B. as a scar seal reporting the fraternal disease and letting him deal with it, through autobiographical strategies strengthening textually and visually the identity of the author-character in the story. The first chapter is a study of self-narratives in comics. A historical overview of the development of the French autobiographical comics in Europe allows us to include Epileptic in the protest movement led by alternative publishing houses in the early 1990s. Then the state of play in terms of theories of autobiography in comics establishes the criteria by which this work responds to the autobiographical genre. The next two chapters correspond to the major axes of the self-referential discourse in Epileptic: the assumption of an autobiographical pact and the story of the construction of identity of the author. The second chapter explains the means by which formal hybridity, fantasy dimension and intertextual abundance of the work studied alter the autobiographical pact without breaking it. The third chapter demonstrates that the identity development of the character of David B. responds to a logic of opposition, beside his brother, society and even reality, visible even in the aesthetics of the author. The analysis of symptomatic graphics and thematic marks of David B.’s signature as defenses against the tyranny of the illness is performed.

Keyphrases: Contemporary comics, Autobiography, Self-narrative, Illness, Resilience
La disculpation platonicienne : étude sur la signification et l'évolution du concept de faute involontaire dans l’œuvre de Platon

This study intends to describe the successive meanings borrowed by the famous Socratic paradox of involuntary evil in the work of Plato. For that purpose, our ideas we will developed under three main themes: 1) the first will be to clarify the meaning covered by the voluntary and involuntary categories in ancient times, in order to avoid any anachronistic confusion with the modern meanings of these same concepts; 2) the second will seek to bring to light the anthropological postulate underlying Plato’s idea that no one could do wrong on his own purpose; 3) the third will in turn expose the three major exculpation devices developed by Plato in his work: the ignorant soul devices, of the inverted soul and of the diseased soul. We will thus show how Plato, contrary to the classic Christian theodicy, seeks to absolve human being from any real moral involvement in the causal genesis of his ‘‘bad’’ actions.

Keyphrases: Socrate, Mal moral, Saint Augustin, Plato, Socrates, Moral Evil, Concept of Will in Antiquity, Free Will, Responsibility, Theodicy, Akrasia (Weakness of Will), Socratic Paradoxes, Saint Augustine
Effets de l’écriture de textes identitaires, soutenue par des ateliers d’expression théâtrale plurilingues, sur le rapport à l’écrit d’élèves immigrants allophones en situation de grand retard scolaire

This study explores the effects of the writing of multilingual identity texts, supported by multilingual drama expression workshops, on the relationship with writing of French as a second language (FSL) learners. Additionally, we compare these effects with traditional teaching practices for writing. The participants were recent immigrants with limited prior schooling educated at the secondary school level. This multiple case study was performed with both an experimental group and a control group. Participant observations and semi-directed interviews were conducted with each of the eight participants in order to describe their relationship with writing. The main contribution of this research project is that the researcher links a key concept in second language teaching, students’ literacy engagement, to their relationship with writing. Thus a new notion is proposed: the FSL students’ relationship with writing enhanced by literacy engagement (designated with the abbreviation “RÉ+” in French). Results confirm the relevance of this innovative approach which has an influence on the four dimensions of RÉ+: affective, praxeological, conceptual and axiological. The benefits of this approach are that students associate writing with positive feelings. Moreover, they adopt an analytical point of view on language learning, which leads to the development of metacognitive abilities. In essence, the effects on RÉ+ are different from those of traditional writing teaching practices, which, in comparison, seem unable to fully engage students emotionally and cognitively in writing tasks.

Keyphrases: French as a second language, Immigrant students with limited prior schooling, High school, Relationship with writing, Literacy engagement, Multilingual drama expression workshops, Identity texts
La mobilisation sociopolitique paysanne et son impact sur le profil alimentaire : Chiapas, Mexique et Mindanao, Philippines comparés

In the Mexican state of Chiapas and in the Philippines’ island of Mindanao, peasant groups are in rebellion against their respective governments. Directly linked to the nature of these two conflicts are precarious food situations, and claims about the way to use and to divide land. The main objective of this thesis is to compare the different results that can be provided by sociopolitical mobilisations of violent and peaceful nature. In order to reach that objective, the genuine concept of food profile is elaborated, merging both the food security and sovereignty concepts. The hypotheses of that thesis are that a violent mobilisation leads to a significant improvement of the food profile, that a peaceful mobilisation leads to an appreciable improvement of the food profile and that the absence of mobilisation leads to the stagnation of the food profile. Using political anthropology as a method of research and analysis, this thesis succeeds in using the concept of food profile to underline the evolution of the food quality and of the agricultural practices.

Keyphrases: Philippines, Mindanao, Chiapas, peasant movements, food security, food sovereignty, food profile, Philippines, Mindanao, Mexico, Chiapas
Méthodes de spatialisation sonore et intégration dans le processus de composition

Space is a parameter of sound that is relatively unexplored in music. Misunderstood by composers, it is not generally thought of as "composable" musical parameter. Yet if music can be seen as an organization and a succession of elements in time, why could it not also be in space? This work is intended to somehow bridge the gap between research and practice, by synthesizing the information I could find on each of the four sound spatialization methods discussed here. As a first step, I will discuss their development, operation and integration capabilities in the process of musical composition, as well as the tools available. In a second step, the work Minimale Sédation and Foundations, both composed in eight channels will be discussed. I will explain their process of composition through intentions, writing techniques and tools that have led to their creations. Keywords

Keyphrases: composition, Vbap, Hrtf, spatialization, multi-channel, electroacoustic, acousmatic, ambisonics, music
Expression et effets des WNTs sur l’expansion du cumulus et la maturation de l’ovocyte chez la vache

The Wnts comprise a large family of secreted glycoproteins which, when secreted in the extracellular space, play a key role in embryonic development. In adults, Wnts play a role in homeostasis and their deregulation likely causes several problems including developmental abnormalities with or without deformities, and cancer. The role of Wnts in the ovaries is not clearly defined although studies in humans and mice show the involvement of some Wnts in ovarian development, follicular maturation and in the process of ovulation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that members of the Wnt family are involved in oocyte maturation in cattle. The specific objectives were to measure the expression of key Wnts (Wnt-2, -2b, -4, -5a and -5b) in cumulus cells during expansion, and to assess the effect of select Wnt proteins on expansion of the cumulus oocyte complex (COC) and oocyte maturation. Bovine COCs were placed into IVM medium for 0, 6, 12 and 22 h and mRNA levels measured by real-time PCR. The abundance of Wnt-2b mRNA in the cumulus cells was significantly higher at 6 h of maturation compared to immature (time 0) COCs, whereas mRNAs encoding Wnt-2, -4, -5a and -5b did not increase until the end of culture. The addition of EGF induced COC expansion and progression of the oocyte to meiosis II (MII) as expected but, unexpectedly, addition of Wnt-2b also induced expansion and (82% and 69%, EGF and Wnt2b, respectively) and progression to MII (62% and 56%, EGF and Wnt2b, respectively); a combination of WNT-2b and EGF did not improve the rates over either alone. Our study provides new evidence for a role for Wnts in the maturation of the COC in cattle. The Wnt signalling pathways are still unknown and more studies are needed.

Keyphrases: Maturation COC, WNTs, EGF, COC maturation, EGF, cow
Evaluation of valosin containing protein (P97) as a cancer biomaker in canine lymphomas

Lymphoma is one of the common malignancies in both dogs and humans. Annually, an important number of canine patients develop this aggressive cancer and a majority succumbs to the disease within one year. In recent years, canine lymphoma has been increasingly recognized as an excellent model for the disease in humans, especially with regards to the molecular biology of the disease. Consequently, research targeted at canine lymphoma benefits not only dogs but the field of human oncology as well. Among the most desirable diagnostic and screening tests for lymphoma is the measurement of cancer biomarkers. They have the advantage of being minimally invasive, simple, and inexpensive. Thus, with the aim of evaluating valosin containing protein (VCP) as a cancer biomarker in canine B and T-cell lymphomas, we first performed western blots on sera and tumor tissue of dogs with lymphoma and then immunohistochemical analysis on low, intermediate and high-grade tumors. To further determine VCP expression in cancer cells, we also examined VCP levels by immunoblotting in 3 tumor cell lines: CLBL-1, CL-1, and 17-71. High-grade B-cell lymphomas had significantly increased levels of VCP compared to low-grade tumors (P < 0.05). Additionally, we detected a corresponding accumulation of VCP in tumor cells lines compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (P < 0.05). In contrast, VCP levels were not elevated in sera of dogs with lymphoma compared to healthy controls. These results suggest that VCP positively correlates with malignancy in canine B-cell lymphomas. We conclude that VCP merits further investigation to determine its potential as a clinically useful prognosis biomarker for canine B-cell lymphoma.

Keyphrases: La proteine VCP, Lymphome canine, Lymphome à cellules B, Valosin containing protein (p97), Cancer biomarker, Canine Lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, Veterinary oncology, Dog, Malignancy
Interaction entre le virus SRRP et Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae dans un modèle d'infection en culture cellulaire

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important pathogen in the swine industry and causes important economic losses. No effective antiviral drugs against it exist. It was recently reported that the culture supernatant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, possesses an antiviral activity in vitro against PRRSV in SJPL cells. The objectives of this project were (i) to identify the mechanism behind the antiviral activity displayed by A. pleuropneumoniae, and (ii) to characterize the active molecules present in the culture supernatant. Proteomic analyses were first conducted and demonstrated the culture supernatant ability to induce modulations of the cell cycle regulation. In order to determine the SJPL cell cycle, flow cytometry analyses were performed and demonstrated that the culture supernatant induced a G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. Two G2/M-phase cell cycle inhibitors were then used and their ability to inhibit PRRSV infection in SJPL cells was demonstrated. Finally, in order to characterize the active molecules present in the A. pleuropneumoniae culture supernatant, mass spectrometry was used and two molecules were identified. This is the first study demonstrating the A. pleuropneumoniae ability to disrupt cell cycle and the cell cycle importance to the inhibitory activity against PRRSV.

Keyphrases: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, swine, porcin, PRRSV, antiviral effect, host-pathogen interaction, cell cycle, flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, proteomic analysis
L'évolution de la représentation des Perses Sassanides dans les sources écrites de l'Antiquité tardive, d'Ammien Marcellin à Procope de Césarée

This dissertation is interested in the connection between romano-persian political relations and the way written sources presented the Sassanids during late antiquity. Antique tradition had indeed been quite biased towards the Orientals: Persians in particular are usually described as cruels, cowardly, effeminates, lazy, toady and treacherous. Are these topoi, noticeable from the 5th century B.C., evolving during the 4th-6th centuries A.D., when the Sassanid kingdom is causing so many problems on the eastern frontier? Using anthropological tools and up-to-date publications on alterity and ancient ethnography, this essay strives to attain a better understanding of the Romans through the study of the way they presented their neighbors.

Keyphrases: Alterity, Sassanids
Le partage des connaissances en développement international : influence des processus relationnels sur les résultats et incidences sur le renforcement des capacités

Canada spends millions in international aid each year. The Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development estimated the amount of international aid at more than 5.48 billion in 2013. In all projects, human resources are involved to build the capacity of local organizations in developing countries. These technical cooperation initiatives require assigned staff to accomplish a number of tasks, including knowledge-sharing. This thesis explores the underlying relational processes that characterize exchanges between stakeholders involved in knowledge-sharing, namely international volunteer advisors and local teams who benefit from these initiatives. Results testify to the marked influence of interpersonal relations on knowledge-sharing although trust alone will not suffice to fulfil sustainable development goals. Case analysis, primarily based on semi-structured interviews held in Haiti and Senegal, confirm the need to consider the dynamic absorptive capacity of stakeholders and the willingness of local management to partake in programs of knowledge-sharing.

Keyphrases: knowledge sharing, technical cooperation, international development, capacity building, case study
Narrative development and supported employment of persons with severe mental illness

Introduction. Supported Employment (SE) is widely recognized as the most effective vocational program in psychiatric rehabilitation, resulting in employment rates of 40 to 60%. However, little is known about the link between positive work outcomes and subjective aspects of recovery, such as those found in narratives. Objective. The present study investigated the prospective relationship between narrative development at the start of vocational rehabilitation and positive work outcomes. Method. Using a sample of 38 people with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) participating in Supported Employment, the authors employed a time-limited, mixed-method longitudinal design to examine the relationship between baseline self-experience, as measured using a quantitative measure of narrative development, and employment outcomes (competitively employed or not employed; hours worked per week) eight months later. The authors also explored whether narratives evolved over the course of the study. Results. The results showed that 57.9% of participants were competitively employed at the end of the study. Narrative development was unrelated to work outcome for those with competitive employment. Unemployed participants provided more developed narratives than workers with respect to emotional connectedness, social worth and overall development of narratives. In addition, higher emotional connectedness at the start of SE was predictive of fewer hours worked eight months later, controlling for executive functioning, negative symptoms and self-esteem. Finally, while workers showed no changes in narratives over time, those without work demonstrated increased agency over the eight months of participation in SE. Conclusions. The results demonstrated that narrative recovery is not related to the ability of persons with SMI to find work or to work more hours. The relationship between work outcomes and narratives warrants further study.

Keyphrases: Severe Mental Illness, psychosis, schizophrenia, Supported Employment, narratives, self-experience, recovery, clinical psychology
La conception platonicienne de la contradiction

This thesis examines the notion of contradiction understood in its logical or formal sense. Specifically, it seeks to study that notion in a philosopher who, chronologically speaking, precedes the advent of syllogistic or logic: Plato. Based on an analysis of Plato’s refutative dialogues, this thesis will determine the form given by Plato to contradictory propositions, unveil the terminology and metaphors used by Plato to name and describe contradictions and evaluate the context in which Plato reflected upon contradiction. The analysis will reveal that Plato had a very clear idea of what is a logical contradiction and that he even had an influence on Aristotle when the latter defined his famous principle of non-contradiction.

Keyphrases: Contradiction, Elenchos, Plato, Elenchus, Ancient logic, Antilogic, Principle of non-contradiction
Transformations quasi-conformes de maillages volumiques et applications en infographie

Geometric modeling is important for both computer graphics and engineering. Our ability to represent geometric information sets the limits and the ease with which we manipulate 3D objects. One such representation is the volume mesh, that is composed of polyhedra assembled to approximate a desired shape. Some applications, such as texturing and remeshing, benefit from deforming the mesh to a more regular domain in order to perform some operations. We say that a deformation is \emph{quasi-conformal} if its distortion is bounded.  In this thesis, we propose algorithms for quasi-conformal deformations of volume meshes. We study these deformations because of their good local shape preservation properties and because they are still relatively unknown to the graphics community, as opposed to their 2D counterparts. This research attempts to generalize \gilles{some well-known surface deformation concepts to volumes}.  First, we present a linear approach to quasi-conformality. We develop a method that deforms a solid to a parameterization domain using a linear least squares method. This method is fast and simple to implement, but the result is an approximation to quasi-conformality because distortion is not bounded. Second, we solve this latter limitation with a nonlinear approach based on vertex positions. We develop a technique to deform the parameterization domain to a solid shape using a nonlinear least squares method. Nonlinearity lets us include constraints that guarantee the injectivity of the deformation. Moreover, deforming the parameterization domain instead of the shape itself lets us use more general domains. Third, we present a nonlinear approach based on dihedral angles. Our method defines the deformation of the volume mesh using its dihedral angles instead of its vertex positions. This change of variables permits a natural expression of the bounds of the deformation distortion. We present some applications of this new approach that include volume parameterization, shape interpolation, mesh optimization, and mesh compression of tetrahedral meshes.

Keyphrases: Compression, Deformation, Parameterization, Quasiconformality, Computer graphics, Fitting, Compression, Optimization