NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Le programme FADéPI et l’actualisation du leadership de la direction d’école dans le cycle de vie de plan d’intervention

The quebecor school, as it is today, holds numerous roles within society and in the developmental process of the child. Its multiple and different roles are continuously growing in complexity, while needing to address and service various learning profiles, precisely special needs students. At the head of the school’s ecosystem, there is a leader commonly called a school principal. The role of this individual calls for a wide array of skills, knowledge and abilities to perform daily educational, logistical and financial operations, all while ensuring the well-being and success of all students through a reflective leadership which cares for matters related to an inclusive education. In the case of students with special needs, the intervention education plan (IEP) is recognized as a life cycle for the planning, elaborating and reviewing of interventions. Taking into account the growing proportion of students, whose success depends on the quality of the interventions they benefit from, the IEP has become a fundamental tool for their inclusion, both educational and social. According to the Public Instruction Act, within the school, the responsibility for IEPs goes to the school principal.  There are many projects, programs and support systems to successfully complete the IEP life cycle, Myara (2011). However, the different leadership practices in relation to the IEP life cycle are not always clear. For this reason, our specific exploratory research aims, first of all, to document and analyze the forms and levels of involvement of the school principal in the IEP life cycle. Secondly, this study attempts to explore the evolution of the leadership practices in the IEP life cycle following the implementation of a training and support program for its development (FADéPI).    Overall, our research results have enabled us to establish that the school principal’s leadership in the IEP life cycle comes in different forms of involvement (direct and indirect) that are in fact a set of knowledge, abilities and skills. In addition, our results have also enabled us to witness an evolution, rather a change or an improvement of these leadership practices. Finally, the purpose of our study is to suggest forms of involvement and leadership practices in the IEP life cycle that can help promote inclusion and success for the student with special needs.

Keyphrases: leadership, inclusion, Individualized education plan, IEP, special needs students, school principal
Le savoir expérientiel des enfants aux prises avec des allergies alimentaires

Families with a food-allergic child often mention unmet education needs. Recognizing the experiential knowledge from living with the illness and entrusting the patient with greater responsibilities could better the health care and respond to the families’ needs. However, experiential knowledge is not well documented in children with chronic health conditions.  Therefore, the objective in our study was to explore the experiential knowledge of children under 13 years old living with food allergies as recounted by them and their families to include their views in clinical practice. Thirty-three participants were interviewed including 14 children between eight and twelve years old and 19 parents. Interviews were analyzed using a general inductive approach.  Our study shows that the development of experiential knowledge in food-allergic children starts in childhood. Children’ experiential knowledge is mostly acquired by applying teachings and experiencing reactions. The different illness perspectives between the child and his parents explain the distinctive properties of the children’s experiential knowledge. In food-allergic children, experiential knowledge promotes self-management skills and also senses of normality and balance thus contributing to better quality of life.  In conclusion, experiential knowledge of food-allergic children exists and should be recognized. This knowledge is distinctive from their parent’s and impacts positively the children’s self-management skills and their own illness perspective. Clinicians and parents would benefit of support and methods to understand and mobilize the food-allergic child’s experiential knowledge.

Keyphrases: Recherche qualitative, Experiential knowledge, Pediatric, Qualitative research
L’expérience de transition vers le retour au travail des survivantes âgées de moins de 50 ans après la fin des traitements du cancer du sein

After breast cancer treatments, many survivors wish to return to an active social life that includes return to work. Although this step seems beneficial, it has several challenges to overcome, such as managing the side effects of treatment at work or varying support from colleagues and health professionals. However, aspects of this experience remain to be explored for survivors, who are most likely to return to their jobs. It is even possible that this experience may be similar to that of a transition. To our knowledge, few studies have addressed this experience from a transition perspective and from the perspective of survivors under the age of 50. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of transitioning breast cancer survivors back to work.  An exploratory qualitative study was conducted. Narrative interviews (n=8) were conducted with youth survivors who had returned to work for at least six months and were under the age of 50. An analysis of the thematic content was carried out.  The results were grouped into four themes: 1) a life changed by cancer, 2) work is a sign of normality, 3) factors influencing the transition and 4) strategies mobilized to successfully transition back to work. The results suggest that breast cancer survivors want to leave their illness-tinged lives and return to a “normal” life that includes returning to work. The experience of transitioning back to work is also influenced by several factors that may facilitate or hinder it.  This study highlighted the transition experience of women under the age of 50 who appear to have distinct challenges to return to work. Based on the results, many recommendations were developed to better support survivors during their transition back to work.

Keyphrases: Breast cancer, Woman, Return to work, Transition, Cancer survivorship, Adult, Middle age
Ipsi- and contralateral corticospinal influences in uni- and bimanual movements in humans

There are both contra- (c) and ipsilateral (i) corticospinal (CS) projections to motoneurons (MNs). There is evidence that cCS influences on wrist MNs are modulated by wrist position and cutaneous afferents. Thus, we aimed to test whether these findings are valid for iCS influences as well. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the right primary motor cortex, we first compared iCS influences on wrist flexor MNs at actively maintained flexion and extension wrist positions in one uni- and two bimanual tasks in right-handed subjects (n=23). We further compared iCS influences in five bimanual holding tasks in which subjects had to hold a smooth or coarse block between their hands, with or without its weight being supported, in flexion position (n=21). In one task, a weight was added to the unsupported smooth block to increase load forces. A position-dependent modulation of the short-latency motor evoked potential (iMEP) was observed, but only in the bimanual task when the two hands interacted through a block (p=0.01). A texture-dependent modulation was present regardless of the weight supported, and the smooth block was associated with larger iMEPs in comparison to the coarse block (p=0.001). Hence, iCS influences on MNs were modulated only in bimanual tasks and depended on how the two hands interacted. Furthermore, cutaneous afferents modulated facilitatory iCS influences and thus may participate to grip forces scaling and maintaining. It is concluded that the left and right cortices cooperate in bimanual tasks involving holding an object between the hands, with possible participation of mono- and poly-synaptic, including transcallosal projections to MNs. The possible involvement of spinal and trans-cortical stretch and cutaneous reflexes in bimanual tasks when holding an object is discussed based on the notion that indirect, referent control underlies motor actions. Results might be essential for the understanding of the role of intercortical interaction in healthy and neurological subjects.

Keyphrases: Influences cortico-spinales, Motor cortex, Motor control, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Motor evoked potential, Corticospinal influences, Bimanual, Unimanual, Contralateral, Ipsilateral, Cutaneous afferents
Implication de l’acide urique dans l’atteinte du système nerveux central d’un modèle murin de choc hémorragique réanimé

Polytrauma is one of the main causes of hospitalisations and can lead to physical and psychological handicaps. This work focuses on hemorrhagic shock (HS), defined by a blood-loss of at least 30%, leading to systemic ischemia, cell death and the release of various mediators in circulation. The importance of one of these mediators, uric acid (UA), in multiple organ failure after HS and the improvement by the use of an uricase, which can destroy UA, was already demonstrated by our lab. Our objective is to illustrate the implication of UA in central nervous system alterations after HS. To reach this goal, we use a murine model which is assigned to one of our 3 experimental groups: SHAM (control), HS and HS+U (IP injection of uricase at reperfusion). Our results show an altered blood-brain barrier permeability (significant infiltration of NaF in the brain after HS), an increased expression of ICAM-1 after HS and a prevention of both these results by uricase treatment. The same results are observed for neuroinflammation (myeloperoxidase activity (neutrophils), astrocytes and microglia) and for neuronal apoptosis/degeneration (caspase-3, TUNEL staining and FluoroJade staining). Furthermore, anxiety is increased after HS compared to SHAM but prevented with uricase treatment. The tests used to reach this conclusion are the elevated plus maze, the forced swim test and social interaction. In conclusion, this project confirms the central role of UA in brain lesions and subsequent behavioral alterations after resuscitated HS.

Keyphrases: haemorrhagic shock, uric acid, limbic system, blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, anxiety
L’impact de la prématurité sur l’oxygénation musculaire à long terme : une étude pilote

Premature birth (<37 weeks of gestation) affects about 10% of the Canadian population each year and induces permanent alterations in the structure and function of organ systems. We have shown that young adults born ≤29 weeks of gestation have a reduced aerobic exercise capacity, a strong predictor of quality of life and mortality. Aerobic capacity depends on the integrity of the systems involved in the transport and consumption of oxygen, such as skeletal muscles. However, muscle oxygenation has not yet been studied in individuals born prematrurely. Thus, we postulate that young adults born very prematurely (PT) have reduced and impaired skeletal muscle oxygenation compared to young adults born at term (T). This pilot study examined 16 young adults PT and 35 controls T between 18 and 29 years of age. Muscle oxygenation was measured continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy (Artinis, Oxymon III, Leiden, Pays-Bas) on the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius during a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Comparison between both groups was accomplished by the Mann-Whitney U-test for non-parametric data. In terms of muscle oxygenation, we did not detect any differences in the relative variation of oxygenated, deoxygenated and total hemoglobin change in both muscles. Although premature birth would appear to affect the integrity of skeletal muscle, we did not find a difference in its oxygenation during exercise in PT compared with T young adults.

Keyphrases: premature birth, skeletal muscle, muscle function, muscle oxygenation, aerobic capacity, cardiopulmonary exercise test, near infrared-spectroscopy
Efficacité organisationnelle d’organismes communautaires en sécurité alimentaire situés en milieux ruraux, semi-urbains et urbains au Québec

Background. Food insecurity affects 11% of households in Québec. This problem is partially relieved by community food programs and food pantry assistance. These food security community organizations (FSCOs) operate with insufficient and unstable human, financial and material resources. To adjust supply with increasing demand, they must limit either: the number of households served, the quantity of the food offered or the quality of the assistance. In the face of these constraints, are FPs effectively accomplishing their mission? No model assessing FPs’ organizational effectiveness (OE) exists. Many ways of doing so exists, yet only a few studies in urban settings have documented FSCOs operations. Objective. This exploratory study aims to propose a model that associates capacities with measures of OE, defined by a multidimensional approach. This study also aims to compare operations of FSCOs located in four Quebec regions. Methods. We draw on data from a preliminary phone survey of the PATHWAYS STUDY: Asking for food aid, and then?. Between November 2017 and June 2018, respondents from 141 FSCOs were surveyed to provide in-depth description of their operations. The sample included 64 FD (food donation organizations) and 77 FD+ (FD organizations that included other food capacity-building activities), located in urban (n=60), semiurban (n=43) and rural (n=38) settings. Three dimensions of FSCOs’ OE, for a total of five measures, were analyzed: service volume (annual number of households), quality of hampers (diversity and monetary value) and quality of assistance (frequency of FD and access limitations). Associations with these capacities were tested: presence of employees, online publication of strategic documents, collaboration with private food suppliers, user implication in committees, and FP settings and program type. Results. FD+ organizations seemed overall more developed without necessarily providing food to more households. For all FSCOs, when the number of households requesting assistance was lower, the quality of the offered food was higher in variety. Collaborating with private food suppliers, publishing strategic documents online, presence of employees and being located in rural settings were capacities positively associated with OE. Discussion. Beyond the number of households served, other measures of OE need to be considered to assess FSCOs. Our model provides some guidance to assess their OE and identifies best practices. More research is needed to validate our model.

Keyphrases: food insecurity, food security community organizations, organizational effectiveness, food donations, Canada, Canada, Food insecurity, Food security community organizations, Organizational effectiveness, Food donations
Analyse du niveau de mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques et des actions gouvernementales visant la création d'environnements alimentaires sains au Sénégal

Senegal is struggling with the double burden of malnutrition but the influence of public policies and of food environments in this crisis are poorly studied. However, the government is currently committed to develop its first National Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG). In this context, the primary aim of this project is to evaluate public policies and government actions aimed at creating healthier food environments in Senegal using a methodology based on the Policy Index for a Healthy Food Environment (Food -EPI) of the INFORMAS network. This methodology allows to identify, evaluate and define an agenda of priorities for public policies using a comparative and participative approach. First, government actions and public policies set up by the government were identified and constituted a document of evidence based on 43 indicators that was validated by the Government's Malnutrition Cell (CLM).Then, a group of independent experts (n = 15) and government experts (n = 16) assessed the level of implementation of the 43 indicators against international best practices using a Likert scale. Implementation of most indicators aimed at creating healthy eating environments were rated as "low" (31 on 43, or 72%). The inter-rater reliability index was 0.75 (CI 0.70 - 0.80). In a prioritization workshop, the same experts identified forty-five priority actions to improve food environments in Senegal and reduce the double burden of malnutrition. In doing so, the project made it possible to conduct a review of government actions and to establish a priority action agenda supported by a group of national experts. It has brought together national stakeholders around critical issues of public nutrition and will provide important contextual information for the development of FBDG.

Keyphrases: Public policy, Government actions, Policy index, Healthy food environments
An RNAi screen to identify factors that control the binding of polycomb group proteins to the chromatin across the cell cycle

A critical part of cell identity is the establishment and maintenance of gene expression patterns. Polycomb group proteins (PcG) act on chromatin to maintain gene repression through cell cycles (epigenetically). However, during mitosis, chromatin structure is greatly altered by transcription repression, chromatin condensation, and the release of many transcription factors. A question then arises: how can PcG proteins maintain their function through mitosis? During interphase, PcG proteins are bound to their chromatin targets. During mitosis, most PcG proteins are released from chromatin, but a small fraction remains bound to chromatin. According to the mitotic bookmarking hypothesis, this fraction acts as a set of markers to guide the recruitment of PcG proteins at the end of mitosis to maintain the gene expression profile. However, we do not know how this recruitment takes place, nor do we know how a fraction of PcG proteins is retained on chromatin. To address these questions, an RNAi screen was established to identify factors that control the binding of PcG proteins to chromatin across the cell cycle. Although a confirmation is necessary, factors identified from interphase cells were enriched in proteins co-purifying with the tested PcG protein and in helicases while mitosis specific factors were enriched in Trithorax group (TrxG) protein related candidates.

Keyphrases: Chromosome, Drosophile, Polycomb group proteins, Mitosis, Chromatin, Chromosomes, Epigenetic, RNAi screen, Drosophila
Regards et perspectives sur l'arbitrage conventionnel au Québec

The Quebec Consensual Arbitration Law has been punctuated by various reforms from 1965 until now. The most significant legislative intervention was the Arbitration Act of 1986, which was strongly inspired from the UNCITRAL Model Law of 1985. Before this reform, the arbitration procedure of the Code of Civil Procedure was not very substantiated. At the time, this lack of accuracy resulted in a reluctant practice. Then, judges and legislators have consistently shown a favourable position to arbitration. The main developments in arbitration have highlighted the reasons why this mode for resolving disputes has been maintained over the years in the Code of Civil Procedure. Arbitration was even enshrined as part of the last reform the Code of Civil Procedure of 2016 as being a private justice, set up at the same level as the state justice. The achievements of the 1986 Act have been kept and supplemented. The codification of the objectives of civil procedure, of the guiding principles and the insertion of new procedural provisions applicable in arbitral and judicial matters, offers contributions and perspectives to be exploited, both for the arbitration process and for the after-award. The guidelines contribute to reinforce the adequacy of the arbitration procedure. As for the post-award, it is a question of dissuading the requests for annulment of the arbitral decisions that are dilatory or abusive, and of limiting substantial breaches of the procedure, in order to reduce the waiting times for execution of the arbitral awards.

Keyphrases: Conventional arbitration, Reform, Guiding principles, Post-award
La communication de la preuve civile au préalable dans les litiges commerciaux internationaux

In the current economic era, where business transactions are more than ever globalized due to the increasing use of technologies, the risks of legal conflicts being international in nature are now higher. Since businesses from Québec are now frequently making transactions with foreign partners, litigation nowadays confronts parties and their lawyers with new legal dilemmas, forcing them to interact with different judicial cultures other than Québec’s, especially during the pre-trial discovery and disclosure process. We will then analyze the many legal challenges resulting from this procedure to address the practical considerations that subject the parties of an international litigation instituted in front of Québec’s tribunals. Therefore, with the help of a hypothetical, we will study Québec’s general and specific procedures of discovery and disclosure of international civil evidence, its restrictions and the international legal frame surrounding it.  Also, we will discuss the impact of technologies on Québec’s pre-trial discovery and disclosure process focusing on the dematerialization of civil evidence, the legislative modifications of the reform of the Québec Code of Civil Procedure, and the protection of personal data.

Keyphrases: Droit commercial international, Civil evidence, Civil procedure, Private international law, Electronic evidence, International litigation, International business law, Protection of personal data
La non-prolifération et le désarmement des armes nucléaires en droit international et le mécanisme de retrait des traités internationaux

Nuclear weapons, the apex of weapons of mass destruction, are unique in the facet that they have an unprecedented potential for destruction, as well as in the fact that nuclear strikes are indiscriminate. This type of weapon, which represents a real threat to humanity, must be regulated by a strong and complete international conventional regimen of non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament. Nonetheless, the latter suffers from deficiencies.  This master’s thesis focuses on the withdrawal mechanism found in this international legal field. The spotlight is more specifically directed on its cornerstone treaty, the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of 1968 (NPT), and on the New Start Treaty of 2010, the only agreement which regulates the nuclear stockpiles of the nuclear superpowers, Russia and the United States of America. The analysis is enhanced by the study of the 2003 North-Korean withdrawal from the NPT and of the principles introduced by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969.  A rather soft withdrawal mechanism, which relies largely on the discretion of the State party, is revealed, despite the threat to international peace and security a decision to withdraw represents. This deficiency, paired with inexistent follow-up measures, leaves the international community facing a highly dangerous situation.  The examination of the more substantiated withdrawal mechanism found in the European Union’s body of law, as illustrated by the Brexit, allows us to suggest possible solutions to strengthen the NPT withdrawal mechanism as well as potential follow-up measures to be implemented following the withdrawal of a State party.

Keyphrases: nuclear weapon, nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, international law, withdrawal mechanism, armes de destruction massive, weapons of mass destruction, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, European Union, Brexit, safeguards agreement