Rôle du récepteur EphA4 dans la plasticité structurale neurono-gliale du noyau supraoptique à la suite d’un régime à l’eau salée

The supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus display reversible neurono-glial structural plasticity in various physiological conditions, such as parturition, lactation, or following salt loading. In such conditions, astrocytic leaflets that normally envelop the somas and dendrites of ocytocin (OT) or arginin-vasopressin (AVP) neurons retract from OT processes where they are replaced by new synapses, mainly GABAergic. Our hypothesis proposes that these cellular movements are regulated by molecules known for their roles in cell adhesion and motility, notably Eph receptors and ephrins (Efn). We have examined the role of one of these receptors, EphA4, a tyrosine-kinase receptor recognizing all ephrins, A or B, and then tried to identify the Efn interacting with EphA4 in these functions, following salt-loading. To demonstrate the presence of EphA4 in the SON and determine the effect of salt loading on its expression, we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in light and electron microscopy, on brain sections from rats or mice treated with salted water during 1-7 d, using riboprobes and antibodies specific for EphA4. These experiments demonstrated that EphA4 is expressed in the SON, with a distribution of its mRNA similar to that of OT neurons, and that it was absent from the glia limitans. Its expression increased following salt loading, particularly in dendrites. We then tested the effect of an absence of EphA4 on astrocytic process retraction and on synaptogenesis, using EphA4 kockout mice and wild-type littermates. We measured the ratio of astrocytic contact, and counted the number of synapses on the circumference of OT and AVP dendrites, identified in electron microscopy by immunocytochemistry, after 7 d of salt loading. The results confirmed the retraction of astrocytic processes from OT dendrites in wild-type animals after salt loading, and no change around AVP dendrites. However, there was no retraction from OT dendrites in EphA4 knockout mice, following salt loading. Altogether, these results constitute strong evidence for a role of EphA4 in the astrocyte leaflet retraction and accompanying synaptogenesis, specifically around OT dendrites. In order to identify the Efn interacting with EphA4 in this function, we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for EfnB3 and –A3. The in situ hybridization did not show the presence of EfnB3 in the SON, while the results for EfnA3 are currently being quantified. Nevertheless, anti-EfnA3 immunohistochemistry showed labelling in astrocytes and in the glia limitans of the SON, a labelling that seemed to increase following salt loading, although the specificity of the anti-EfnA3 antibody remains to be demonstrated on EfnA3 knockout mice, and its expression requires to be measured on a larger number of mice. The latter observations indicate EfnA3 as the potential partner (receptor/ligand) for EphA4 in the neurono-glial structural plasticity occurring in the SON following salt loading.

Keyphrases: EphA4, Arginine-vasopressine, Nervous system, Neuroglial plasticity, EphA4, Ephrins-EfnA3, Supraoptic nucleus, Ocytocin, Arginin-vasopressin, In situ hybridization, Immunohistochemistry, Electron and confocal microscopy