NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Testing the impact of a social skill training versus waiting list control group for the reduction of disruptive behaviors and stress among preschool children in child care : the study protocol for a cluster randomized trial

Background: Most preschoolers growing up in western industrialized countries receive child care services (CCS) during the day, while their parents are at work. Meta-analytic data suggest that CCS represent a stressful experience for preschoolers. This may be because preschoolers have not yet developed the social skills necessary to cope with the new and rapidly fluctuating social contexts of CCS. We tested the effectiveness of a child care-based social skill training program aiming to improve children’s social behaviors and reduce the stress they experience. Method and design: We used a cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) to compare children’s social behaviors and stress levels in pre- and post-intervention according to whether they received a social skill training intervention or not. Nineteen (n = 19) public CCS (n = 362, 3-years-old preschoolers) of underprivileged neighborhoods (Montreal, Canada) were randomized to one of two conditions: 1) social skills training (n = 10 CCS); or 2) waiting list control group (n = 9 CCS). Educators in the intervention group conducted bi-weekly social skills training sessions over a period of 8 months. The intervention covered four topics: making social contacts, problem solving, emotional selfregulation, as well as emotional expression and recognition. Main outcome measures included preschoolers’ disruptive (e.g. aggression, opposition, conflicts) and prosocial behaviors (e.g. sharing toys, helping another child), and stress levels assessed by salivary cortisol sampling at pre and post intervention assessments. Educators’ practices will be tested as potential mediators of the expected changes in behaviors and neuroendocrine stress. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first cRCT to test the effectiveness of a child care based social skill training program on the reduction of disruptive behaviors and levels of stress. Significant challenges include the degree of adherence to the intervention protocol as well educators and preschoolers’ turnover. Trial registration: Current clinical trial number is ISRCTN84339956 (Ongoing study, Retrospectively registered on March 2017) No amendment to initial protocol.

Keyphrases: Child care services, Intervention, Social skill training, Cortisol, Social development, Poverty
De la diffusion à l’exploitation : notes de recherche 1

Les Notes de recherche sont produites dans le cadre du projet « De la diffusion à l’exploitation : nouveau regard sur l’archivistique » (CRSH, Subventions Savoir, 2017–2020) sous la direction d’Anne Klein, professeure agrégée au Département des sciences historiques de l’Université Laval. Elles amorcent les travaux en lien avec le premier objectif du projet de recherche en produisant un état de la question sur la fonction de diffusion des archives au Québec depuis la publication du manuel Les archives au XXe siècle (1982). L’identification des tendances qui marquent le milieu des archives dans les années 1980 permettent de mieux comprendre pourquoi l’on en vient à s’intéresser à la fonction de diffusion au Québec et comment cet intérêt va se concrétiser. De plus, cette mise en contexte offre également la possibilité de mieux distinguer les particularités de l’approche québécoise comparativement à celles développées dans d’autres milieux. Nous avons demandé à Anne Klein, qui dirige le projet, de surligner les passages ayant retenu tout particulièrement son attention.

Keyphrases: Action culturelle, Activités, Archives, Archivistique, Clientèle, Dimension culturelle, Émotion, Fonction archivistique, Moyens de diffusion, Pouvoir d’évocation, Programmes publics, Promotion, Sensibilisation, Utilisation, Valorisation, Archival function, Archival science, Clientele, Cultural action, Cultural dimension, Emotion, Evocative power, Outreach activities, Promotion, Public programs, Use, Valorization
Associations between mother-child relationship quality and adolescent adjustment : using a genetically controlled design to determine the direction and magnitude of effects

This study used a genetically controlled design to examine the direction and the magnitude of effects in the over-time associations between perceived relationship quality with mothers and adolescent maladjustment (i.e., depressive symptoms and delinquency). A total of 163 monozygotic (MZ) twins pairs (85 female pairs, 78 male pairs) completed questionnaires at ages 13 and 14. Non-genetically controlled path analyses models (in which one member of each twin dyad was randomly selected for analyses) were compared with genetically controlled path analyses models (in which MZ-twin difference scores were included in analyses). Results from the non-genetically controlled models revealed a) child-driven effects in the longitudinal associations between adolescent perceived maternal support and depressive symptoms, and b) parent-driven a nd child-driven effects in the longitudinal association between perceived maternal negativity and adolescent delinquent behaviors. However, results fr om the genetically controlled models revealed only child-driven effect, suggesting that, purported parent-driven effects were a product of error arising from potential gene-environment correlations (rGE).

Keyphrases: Adolescence, Delinquent behavior, Depression, Externalizing behavior, Internalizing behavior, Parent–child relations
Aggression can be contagious : longitudinal associations between proactive aggression and reactive aggression among young twins

The present study examined sibling influence over reactive and proactive aggression in a sample of 452 same‐sex twins (113 male dyads, 113 female dyads). Between and within siblings influence processes were examined as a function of relative levels of parental coercion and hostility to test the hypothesis that aggression contagion between twins occurs only among dyads who experience parental coerciveness. Teacher reports of reactive and proactive aggression were collected for each twin in kindergarten (M = 6.04 years; SD = 0.27) and in first grade (M = 7.08 years; SD = 0.27). Families were divided into relatively low, average, and relatively high parental coercion‐hostility groups on the basis of maternal reports collected when the children were 5 years old. In families with relatively high levels of parental coercion‐hostility, there was evidence of between‐sibling influence, such that one twin's reactive aggression at age 6 predicted increases in the other twin's reactive aggression from ages 6 to 7, and one twin's proactive aggression at age 6 predicted increases in the other twin's proactive aggression from ages 6 to 7. There was also evidence of within‐sibling influence such that a child's level of reactive aggression at age 6 predicted increases in the same child's proactive aggression at age 7, regardless of parental coercion‐hostility. The findings provide new information about the etiology of reactive and proactive aggression and individual differences in their developmental interplay.

Keyphrases: Twins, Sibling influence, Reactive aggression, Proactive aggression, Actor-partner, Interdependence Model
Incomplete hippocampalInversion : a comprehensive MRI study of over 2000 subjects

The incomplete-hippocampal-inversion (IHI), also known as malrotation, is an atypical anatomical pattern of the hippocampus, which has been reported in healthy subjects in different studies. However, extensive characterization of IHI in a large sample has not yet been performed. Furthermore, it is unclear whether IHI are restricted to the medial-temporal lobe or are associated with more extensive anatomical changes. Here, we studied the characteristics of IHI in a community-based sample of 2008 subjects of the IMAGEN database and their association with extra-hippocampal anatomical variations. The presence of IHI was assessed on T1-weighted anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using visual criteria. We assessed the association of IHI with other anatomical changes throughout the brain using automatic morphometry of cortical sulci. We found that IHI were much more frequent in the left hippocampus (left: 17%, right: 6%, χ2−test, p < 10−28). Compared to subjects without IHI, subjects with IHI displayed morphological changes in several sulci located mainly in the limbic lobe. Our results demonstrate that IHI are a common left-sided phenomenon in normal subjects and that they are associated with morphological changes outside the medial temporal lobe.

Keyphrases: Human hippocampus, Malrotation, Anatomical variability, Brain development, Cortical sulci, IMAGEN database, MRI, Large database
Early nonparental care and social behavior in elementary school : support for a social group adaptation hypothesis

We examined the contribution of non-parental child care services received during the preschool years (i.e. between 5 months and 5 years) to the development of social behavior between kindergarten and the end of elementary school (i.e. between 6 and 12 years) with a birth cohort from Québec, Canada (N=1544). Mothers reported on the use of child care services, while elementary school teachers rated children’s shyness, social withdrawal, prosociality, opposition and aggression. Children who received non-parental child care services during the preschool years were less shy, less socially withdrawn, more oppositional and more aggressive at school entry (age 6 years). However, these differences disappeared during elementary school as children who received exclusive parental care during the preschool years caught up with those who received non-parental care services. We discuss this “catch-up” effect from the perspective of children’s adaptation to the social group.

Keyphrases: Child care, Primary school, Social behaviors, Shyness, Social withdrawal, Prosociality, Opposition and aggression
Capacités de réserve et entraînement cognitif dans le vieillissement : similarité des effets protecteurs sur la cognition et le cerveau = Reserve capacity and cognitive training in aging : the similarity of the protective effects on cognition and brain

La notion de réserve a été proposée pour expliquer l’écart observé chez certains individus entre le degré de leur atteinte cérébrale et son expression sur le plan cognitif. La réserve serait modulée par des facteurs environnementaux tels que le niveau d’éducation et la pratique d’activités cognitivement stimulantes au cours de la vie. Un important enjeu de recherche est de comprendre les mécanismes neurobiologiques par lesquels s’exprime cette forme de résilience au cours du vieillissement afin de promouvoir des interventions qui, en ciblant ces mécanismes, renforceraient les capacités de réserve. L’étude des mécanismes neurobiologiques impliqués dans différents types d’entraînement cognitif et leur similarité avec ceux de la réserve nous amènent à formuler l’hypothèse qu’une forme de réserve tardive peut être construite. Nous discuterons de l’avantage de posséder une réserve élevée ou de l’intérêt de l’amplifier à l’heure du vieillissement. The reserve concept was proposed to account for difference observed in some individuals between the degree of their brain damage and its expression at the cognitive level. Reserve was found to be modulated by environmental factors such as the level of education and practice of cognitively stimulating activities during life. An important issue is to understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying reserve capacities in order to promote interventions that would strengthen these capacities. Results from studies on the neurobiological mechanisms involved in different types of cognitive training and those of reserve lead us to hypothesize that reserve can be built later in life using targeted intervention procedure. We will discuss the advantage of having a high level of reserve and the opportunity to build one at a later time, during the phase of aging.

Keyphrases: Réserve, Entraînement cognitif, Vieillissement cognitif, Maladie d'Alzheimer, Reserve, Cognitive training, Cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease
Threshold Luce rules

In the late 1950’s, Luce proposed two different theories of imperfect utility discrimination that have had a lasting impact on economics. One model (1956) gave rise to the literature on just noticeable differences while the other (1959) laid the foundations for the literature on discrete choice. In this paper, I present a unified model of imperfect utility discrimination that generalizes Luce’s two models; and addresses the main limitations of each. Surprisingly, choice behavior consistent with this model is characterized by two conditions from Luce’s monograph (1959).

Keyphrases: Just noticeable difference, Semi-order, Luce choice axiom, Strict utility model, Imperfect utility discrimination
Implantation et évaluation d'un programme d'intervention de groupe, d'approche cognitive comportementale, destiné à des adultes présentant un trouble anxieux

Une récente enquête de l'Institut de Statistique du Québec (Lesage, Bernèche, & Bordeleau, 2010) révèle que les troubles anxieux toucheraient environ 10% de la population québécoise. Cette psychopathologie serait donc la plus courante parmi les troubles de santé mentale. La gravité du pronostic à l'âge adulte, les conséquences qu'elle engendre dans la vie des individus, ainsi que les coûts qu'elle impose à la société, signalent l'importance de fournir des programmes d'intervention adaptés à la clientèle adulte. C'est pourquoi ce rapport propose l'évaluation d'un programme d'intervention de groupe, destiné à une clientèle âgée entre 25 et 75 ans et qui souffre de troubles anxieux. Une intervention cognitive comportementale de dix semaines est donc implantée dans un organisme communautaire montréalais. Dix participants ont bénéficié de l'intervention. Les effets du programme sur le niveau d'anxiété ont été mesurés à l'aide d'un devis quasi expérimental à série temporelle simple. Les résultats ont permis d'apprécier la conformité de la mise en oeuvre pour la majorité des composantes. L'évaluation des effets du programme a révélé une diminution signifiante des symptômes anxieux des participants qui ne s'accompagne que d'une diminution partielle au niveau de ses principaux médiateurs. En effet, seule une légère augmentation du niveau de détente à la suite de l'utilisation de la technique de la relaxation est observée. En outre, s'il n'y a aucun changement du point de vue de la fréquence des distorsions cognitives, une diminution de l'utilisation de la stratégie d'auto-accusation est néanmoins observée. Pour finir, la diminution des symptômes anxieux ne s'accompagne d'aucune variation au niveau de l'utilisation des stratégies d'évitement et de résolution de problème, ou bien au niveau du degré et de l'intensité des inquiétudes des participants. Avant de répliquer le programme, des ajustements devraient donc être apportés. Premièrement le format de groupe aurait avantage à être combiné à un format individuel. Deuxièmement, le contenu du programme qui est relié à la dimension comportementale aurait intérêt à être étoffé. Troisièmement, il serait bénéfique d'ajouter des stratégies de transfert et de généralisation. Bien que la méthodologie de l'évaluation présente certaines lacunes et que les résultats ne peuvent être concluants, le programme d'intervention semble offrir des opportunités intéressantes pour la gestion de l'anxiété chez les adultes souffrant d'un trouble anxieux.

Keyphrases: Programme d'intervention, Troubles anxieux, Adultes, Intervention cognitive comportementale, Approche cognitive comportementale
Lubrication and wear protection of micro-structured hydrogels using
bioinspired fluids

We report the fabrication and the use of a bioinspired synovial fluid acting as a lubricant fluid and anti-wear agent at soft and porous chitosan hydrogel tribopairs. This synthetic synovial fluid is composed of sodium hyaluronate (HA) and a bottle-brush polymer (BB) having a polycationic attachment group and polyzwitterionic pendant chains. 2.5 %w/w chitosan hydrogel plugs are organized in a bilayered structure exposing a thin and dense superficial zone (SZ), covering a porous deep zone (DZ) and exhibiting microchannels perpendicularly aligned to the SZ. Using a low-load tribometer, the addition of HA lubricating solution at the hydrogel-hydrogel rubbing contact drastically decreased the coefficient of friction (CoF) from μ = 0.20 ± 0.01 to μ = 0.04 ± 0.01 on the DZ configuration and from μ = 0.31 ± 0.01 to μ = 0.08 ± 0.01 on the SZ surface when increasing HA concentration from 0 to 1000 μg/mL and its molecular mass from 10 to 1500 kDa, similar to what was found when using BB polymer alone. When combining the BB polymer and the 1500 kDa HA, the CoF remained stable at μ = 0.04 ± 0.01 for both studied contact configurations, highlighting the synergistic interaction of the two macromolecules. Hydrogel wear was characterized by assessing the final gel surface roughness by the means of an interferometer. Increasing HA concentration and molecular weight plus the addition of BB polymer lead to a dramatic surface wear protection with a final gel surface roughness of the hydrogels similar to the untested gels. In brief, BB polymer in combination with high molecular weight HA is a potential lubricating fluid as well as a wear resistant agent for soft materials lubrication and wear protection.

Keyphrases: Hydrogel lubrication, Wear resistance, Chitosan, Bottlebrush polymer, Hyaluronic acid
Overt social support behaviors : Associations with PTSD, concurrent depressive symptoms and gender

Women are twice as likely as men to develop a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Gender differences in social support after a traumatic event might partially explain this disparity. However, the portrait of the links among PTSD, depression, social support, and gender is still unclear. This study examined behaviors of individuals with PTSD and their significant other in relation to PTSD and concurrent depressive symptoms, and tested gender as a moderator of these associations. Observed overt supportive and countersupportive behaviors of 68 dyads composed of an individual with PTSD and a significant other in a trauma-oriented discussion were coded with a support coding system and analyzed according to gender. Gender was revealed to act as a moderator of the links between interactional behaviors of individuals with PTSD and their concurrent depressive symptoms. More specifically, women were less implicated and less likely to propose positive solutions compared with men. On the other hand, men were more implicated and less likely to criticize their significant other than were women. PTSD and concurrent depressive symptoms were related to poorer interpersonal communication in women. Hence, women and men with PTSD and concurrent depressive symptoms might benefit from gender-tailored interventions targeting symptoms and dyadic behaviors.

Keyphrases: Posttraumatic stress disorder, Gender, Social support, Depression, Direct observation
Stratégies pour encourager et soutenir l’exploitation des archives par des artistes dans les centres et les services d’archives au Québec

Ce mémoire a pour sujet les projets issus de l’exploitation des archives par des artistes contemporains. Il s’intéresse au potentiel d’intégration de ces projets dans la gestion des activités de diffusion des centres et des services d’archives au Québec et au rôle de l’archiviste dans ce nouveau contexte. Cette recherche est abordée dans une perspective d’enrichissement de la discipline archivistique en proposant des stratégies qui introduisent des pratiques de gestion qui amènent une considération plus grande à l’égard des artistes et de leurs besoins, ainsi que le développement de nouvelles approches de diffusion qui en découlent. Ces stratégies sont élaborées en fonction des caractéristiques et des contraintes économiques du milieu et des sources de financement envisageables pour la réalisation de tels projets. Cette étude a révélé que les projets issus de l’exploitation artistique des archives sont non seulement compatibles avec la mission et la gestion de plusieurs centres et services d’archives, mais qu’ils sont également profitables par leur potentiel à faire augmenter l’utilisation des archives, à sensibiliser et à attirer de nouvelles clientèles et d’ainsi en assurer une plus grande visibilité. The subject of this master’s thesis relates to projects exploiting archives that are realized by contemporary artists. It deals with the potential integration of these projects in the management of dissemination activities at archival centers and services in Quebec, and with the archivist’s role in this new context. This research is approached in the perspective of the enrichment of the archival discipline by proposing strategies that introduce management practices leading to a greater consideration for the artists and their needs, as well as the development of new dissemination approaches that result from them. These strategies are developed according to the characteristics and the economic constraints of the environment, and the sources of financing that may be considered for such projects. This study revealed that the projects produced by the artistic exploitation of archives are not only compatible with the mission and the management of many archival centers and services, but they are also profitable by their potential to increase the use of archives, and to raise awareness and to attract new clienteles.

Keyphrases: Archives, Artistes, Diffusion, Exploitation, Exposition, Résidences d’artistes, Centre d’archives, Service d’archives, Sources de financement, Programmes d’aide financière, Archives, Art contemporain, Exploitation, Artists, Contemporary Art, Dissemination, Exhibition, Artist residencies, Archive Center, Public Programs, Funding sources, Funding Programs