NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Rééducation orthophonique post myoplastie d’allongement
du temporal : une étude de trois patients

La myoplastie d’allongement du temporal est une chirurgie qui vise à restaurer le sourire chez les patients ayant une paralysie faciale périphérique irréversible. Le muscle temporal est détaché dans sa partie haute et rattaché à la commissure labiale. À la suite de la chirurgie, une rééducation orthophonique est nécessaire pour atteindre un sourire fonctionnel. Cette rééducation vise à automatiser le sourire pour le rendre spontané, ainsi qu’à optimiser le sourire pour rendre le mouvement de la commissure opérée symétrique à celui du côté sain. Parmi les moyens utilisés dans cette rééducation, un logiciel reproduisant l’hémiface saine permet de créer un effet-miroir, en offrant un biofeedback visuel positif aux patients. Les objectifs de la présente étude de cas multiples étaient 1) de mesurer les effets de la rééducation orthophonique après la myoplastie d’allongement du temporal et 2) de mesurer l’adhérence au traitement. Trois patients présentant une paralysie faciale périphérique droite secondaire à une résection de tumeur et ayant subi une myoplastie d’allongement du temporal ont été recrutés. Ces patients ont tous été évalués avant la chirurgie, ainsi qu’avant et après la rééducation, à l’aide de l’échelle Sunnybrook. Les résultats ont confirmé qu’à la suite de la rééducation orthophonique, le sourire des trois patients avait progressé.Compte tenu des résultats prometteurs obtenus avec cette rééducation, il serait intéressant d’en valider l’efficacité sur un plus grand nombre de patients. Lengthening temporalis myoplasty is a surgical procedure to restore the smile in patients with irreversible facial nerve paralysis. The temporalis muscle is detached from its upper end and attached to the labial commissure. Following surgery, facial rehabilitation by speech-language pathologists is necessary to achieve a functional smile. More specifically, this rehabilitation aims to automate the smile to make it spontaneous, as well as to optimize the smile to make the movement of the commissure operated on symmetrical to that of the healthy side. Among the means used in this rehabilitation, a software program reproducing the healthy hemiface allows for the creation of a “mirror effect” by giving the patients positive visual biofeedback. The objectives of this multiple case study were (a) to measure the effects of facial rehabilitation after lengthening temporalis myoplasty and (b) to measure adherence to treatment. Three patients with right facial nerve paralysis secondary to tumour resection that had lengthening temporalis myoplasty were enrolled. These patients were all assessed before surgery, and before and after rehabilitation, using the Sunnybrook scale. The results confirmed that following facial rehabilitation, the smiles of the three patients had improved. Given the promising results obtained from this rehabilitation, it would be interesting to validate its effectiveness on a larger number of patients.

Keyphrases: Paralysie faciale périphérique, Myoplastie d’allongement du temporal, Rééducation faciale, Orthophonie, Effet-miroir
Discursivités de l'islamisme dans les littératures francophones des pays à majorité musulmane

Le XXIème siècle n’en est qu’à ces débuts et déjà nous pouvons apercevoir de quoi seront faits les conflits de demain. Aux Etats-Unis, au Canada ou en Europe, les débats sont de plus en plus insistants sur les questions de l’identité et la nécessité de se définir par rapport à « l’Autre ». La nécessité de se définir, mais aussi de plus en plus le besoin de protéger « qui on est » face à un monde où tout change. Dans cette thèse, je propose de lire quelques uns des écrivains les plus engagés de leur époque au sein de la francophonie. Chahdortt Djavann, Amin Maalouf, Boualem Sansal, Atiq Rahimi sont tous les quatre originaires de pays à majorité musulmane. Leur littérature est incontestablement une fenêtre ouverte sur leurs cultures et les imaginaires de leurs régions. Mais leur littérature est aussi un matériau important pour le monde académique afin de mieux comprendre l’époque que nous vivons. Souhaiterais-je ainsi à l’aide de ce corpus mieux appréhender une question qui est au centre de l’actualité depuis bientôt vingt ans : celle de l’islamisme. De quoi s’agit-il ? Une culture ? Une religion ? Et surtout quels sont les rapports que le texte littéraire entretient avec ce phénomène ? Poser les bonnes questions et y répondre de la façon la plus objective possible constituent certainement le premier pas vers une meilleure compréhension mutuelle entre deux régions qui doivent nécessairement coexister en harmonie : L’Orient et l’Occident. The twenty-first century is only just beginning and we can already see what the future conflicts will be like. In the United States, Canada or Europe, debates are more and more insistent on the questions of identity and the need to define itself in relation to the "Other". The need to define itself, but also more and more the need to protect "who we are" in the face of a world where everything is changing. In this thesis, I propose to read some of the most committed writers of their time within the Francophonie. Chahdortt Djavann, Amin Maalouf, Boualem Sansal and Atiq Rahimi are all from predominantly Muslim countries. Their literature is unquestionably an opened window on the cultures of their regions. But their literature is also an important material for the academic world for a better understanding of the times we live. I would like to use this corpus to understand an issue that has been at the center of the news for almost twenty years: Islamism. What is it about ? A culture ? A religion ? And in particular, what are the relations that the literary text has with this phenomenon? Asking the right questions and answering them in the most objective way is certainly the first step towards a better mutual understanding between two regions that must necessarily coexist in harmony: East and West.

Keyphrases: islamisme, orient, occident, interdiscursivité, Islamism, postcolonialisme, Islamism, East, West, postcolonialism, interdiscursivity
Étude et réappropriation du geste volontaire du musicien improvisateur dans le cadre d'une composition électroacoustique

Cette thèse porte un regard sur les musiques improvisées et leur rapport à la scène à travers mon expérience et celle de treize personnalités du milieu des arts avec qui j’ai eu des entretiens privilégiés. L’essence de cette démarche est d’observer comment les créateurs utilisent l’improvisation en situation de concert ou simplement comme méthode de recherche grâce aux outils numériques ou analogiques. Ce panorama me permet de mettre en perspective mon travail de composition et de recherche à une époque où, comme créateur, j’ai bifurqué vers les musiques numériques après de longues années d’écriture et de performance scénique dans le milieu du jazz et des musiques d’improvisation. Au passage se problématise la causalité du geste lors de la performance avec des outils numériques.  La thèse retrace tout d’abord un parcours sommaire de la musique improvisée – plus particulièrement celle que l’on appelle la musique actuelle au Québec ou encore lafree improvisation. À travers ce survol seront soulevées quelques questions de nomenclature et d’esthétique afin de mieux cerner les enjeux propres à cette pratique. La réflexion se poursuit avec des entretiens à travers lesquels j’explore la comprovisation, le DJing, les instruments de musique numérique, la danse et la composition. La réflexion culmine autour de cinq de mes œuvres écrites en collaboration avec les milieux de la musique improvisée et de la danse. This thesis looks at improvised music and its relationship to the stage through my experience and that of thirteen personalities from the arts world with whom I have had privileged interviews. The essence of this approach is to observe how creators use improvisation in concert situations or simply as a research method using digital or analog tools. This panorama allows me to put my composition and research work in perspective at a time when, as a creator, I have turned towards digital music after many years of writing and stage performance in the field of jazz and improvisational music. In passing, the causality of the gesture during performance with digital tools is problematic. The thesis first retraces a brief journey through improvised music - more particularly what is called musique actuelle or free improvisation. Through this overview, a few questions of nomenclature and aesthetics will be raised in order to better understand the issues specific to this music. The reflection continues with interviews through which I explore comprovisation, DJing, digital musical instruments, dance and composition. The reflection culminates around five of my works written in collaboration with the improvised music and dance communities.

Keyphrases: improvisation, musique numérique, danse, comprovisation, geste, DJing, improvisation, comprovisation, réappropriation, DJing, indétermination, Digital music, Dance, Reappropriation, Gesture, Indeterminacy
Elevated serum liver-type fatty acid binding protein levels in non-acetaminophen acute liver failure patients with organ dysfunction.

Liver-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP1) has previously been        demonstrated to improve prognostic discrimination in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced        ALF but has not been investigated in other etiologies of ALF. AIM: To determine        whether FABP1 levels (early: admission or late: days 3-5) are associated with 21-day        transplant-free survival in non-APAP ALF. METHODS: FABP1 was measured in serum        samples from 384 ALF patients (n = 88 transplant-free survivors (TFS), n = 296        died/LT-NTFS) using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed with        US ALFSG registry data. RESULTS: Of 384 ALF patients (autoimmune hepatitis n = 125,        drug-induced liver injury n = 141, Hepatitis B n = 118), 177 (46%) patients received        LT. Early FABP1 levels were significantly higher in ALF patients requiring        vasopressor support (203.4 vs. 76.3 ng/mL) and renal replacement therapy (203.4 vs.        78.8 ng/mL; p < 0.001 for both). Late FABP1 levels were significantly higher in        patients requiring mechanical ventilation (77.5 vs. 53.3 ng/mL), vasopressor support        (116.4 vs. 53.3 ng/mL) and in patients with grade 3/4 hepatic encephalopathy (71.4        vs. 51.4 ng/mL; p = 0.03 for all). Late FABP1 levels were significantly lower in TFS        patients (TFS 54 vs. NTFS 66 ng/mL; p = 0.049) but not admission (TFS 96 vs. NTFS        87 ng/mL; p = 0.67). After adjusting for significant covariates, serum FABP1 did not        discriminate significantly between TFS and patients who died/received LT at day 21        either on admission (p = 0.29) or late (days 3-5, p = 0.087) time points.        CONCLUSION: In this first report of FABP1 in non-APAP ALF, FABP1 levels at late time        points (days 3-5) were significantly lower in ALF patients who were alive without        transplant at day 21 but not after adjusting for covariates reflecting severity of        illness. Higher FABP1 levels were associated with the presence of increased organ        failure.

Keyphrases: Acute liver failure, Liver-type fatty acid binding protein, Multiorgan failure, Prognosis, ALFSG index
Eugenol and other vanilloids hamper caenorhabditis elegans response to noxious heat

Eugenol, a known vanilloid, was frequently used in dentistry as a local analgesic in addition, antibacterial and neuroprotective effects were also reported. Eugenol, capsaicin and many vanilloids are interacting with the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in mammals and the TRPV1 is activated by noxious heat. The pharmacological manipulation of the TRPV1 has been shown to have therapeutic value. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) express TRPV orthologs (e.g. OCR-2, OSM-9) and it is a commonly used animal model system to study nociception as it displays a well-defined and reproducible nocifensive behavior. After exposure to vanilloid solutions, C. elegans wild type (N2) and mutants were placed on petri dishes divided in quadrants for heat stimulation. Thermal avoidance index was used to phenotype each tested C. elegans experimental groups. The results showed that eugenol, vanillin and zingerone can hamper nocifensive response of C. elegans to noxious heat (32-35 °C) following a sustained exposition. Also, the effect was reversed 6 h post exposition. Furthermore, eugenol and vanillin did not target specifically the OCR-2 or OSM-9 but zingerone did specifically target the OCR-2 similarly to capsaicin. Further structural and physicochemical analyses were performed. Key parameters for quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR), quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) and frontier orbital analyses suggest similarities and dissimilarities amongst the tested vanilloids and capsaicin in accordance with the relative anti-nociceptive effects observed.

Keyphrases: Caenorhabditis elegans, Eugenol, Vanillin, Zingerone, Vanilloids, Nociception, Transient receptor potential cation channel
Glycine and hyperammonemia : potential target for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by hepatic dysfunction. Numerous studies dictate that ammonia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HE, and hyperammonemia can lead to alterations in amino acid homeostasis. Glutamine and glycine are both ammoniagenic amino acids that are increased in liver failure. Modulating the levels of glutamine and glycine has shown to reduce ammonia concentration in hyperammonemia. Ornithine Phenylacetate (OP) has consistently been shown to reduce arterial ammonia levels in liver failure by modulating glutamine levels. In addition to this, OP has also been found to modulate glycine concentration providing an additional ammonia removing effect. Data support that glycine also serves an important role in N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mediated neurotransmission in HE. This potential important role for glycine in the pathogenesis of HE merits further investigations.

Keyphrases: Ammonia, Glutamine, Glycine, L-ornithine-phenylacetate (OP), Phenylacetylglycine
Validity of actigraphy for nighttime sleep monitoring in hospitalized patients with traumatic injuries

Study objectives: Sleep-wake disturbances are frequent among patients hospitalized for traumatic injuries but remain poorly documented due to the lack of tools validated for hospitalized patients. This study aimed to validate actigraphy for nighttime sleep monitoring of hospitalized patients with severe traumatic injuries, using ambulatory polysomnography (PSG).  Methods: We tested 17 patients (30.4 ± 14.7 years, 16.6 ± 8.2 days post-injury) who suffered severe orthopedic injuries and/or spinal cord injury, with or without traumatic brain injury. When medically stable, patients wore an actigraph on a non-paralyzed arm and underwent ambulatory PSG at the bedside. Data were converted to one-minute epochs. The following parameters were calculated for the nighttime period: total sleep time, total wake time, sleep efficiency and number of awakenings. Epoch-by-epoch concordance between actigraphy and PSG was analyzed to derive sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. PSG sleep parameters were compared to those obtained from four actigraphy scoring algorithms by Bland-Altman plotting. Results: Sensitivity to detect sleep was ≥92% and accuracy was >85% for all four actigraphy algorithms used, while specificity varied from 48-60%. The low-activity wake threshold (20 activity counts per epoch) was most closely associated with PSG on all sleep parameters. This scoring algorithm also had the highest specificity (59.9%) and strong sensitivity (92.8%).  Conclusions: Actigraphy is valid for monitoring nighttime sleep and wakefulness in patients hospitalized with traumatic injuries, with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy comparable to actigraphic recordings in healthy subjects. A scoring algorithm using a low wake threshold is best suited for this population and setting.

Keyphrases: Actigraphy, Sleep, Acute care, Polysomnography, Traumatic brain injury
Analysis of whole-genome sequences of infectious laryngotracheitis virus isolates from poultry flocks in Canada : evidence of recombination

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is a herpes virus that causes an acute respiratory disease of poultry known as infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). Chicken embryo origin (CEO) and tissue culture origin (TCO) live attenuated vaccines are routinely used for the control of ILT. However, vaccine virus is known to revert to virulence, and it has been recently shown that ILT field viral strains can undergo recombination with vaccinal ILTV and such recombinant ILT viruses possess greater transmission and pathogenicity potential. Based on complete or partial genes of the ILTV genome, few studies genotyped ILTV strains circulating in Canada, and so far, information is scarce on whole-genome sequencing or the presence of recombination in Canadian ILTV isolates. The objective of this study was to genetically characterize the 14 ILTV isolates that originated from three provinces in Canada (Alberta, British Columbia and Quebec). To this end, a phylogenetic analysis of 50 ILTV complete genome sequences, including 14 sequences of Canadian origin, was carried out. Additional phylogenetic analysis of the unique long, unique short and inverted repeat regions of the ILTV genome was also performed. We observed that 71%, 21% and 7% of the ILTV isolates were categorized as CEO revertant, wild-type and TCO vaccine-related, respectively. The sequences were also analyzed for potential recombination events, which included evidence in the British Columbia ILTV isolate. This event involved two ILTV vaccine (CEO) strains as parental strains. Recombination analysis also identified that one ILTV isolate from Alberta as a potential parental strain for a United States origin ILTV isolate. The positions of the possible recombination breakpoints were identified. These results indicate that the ILTV wild-type strains can recombine with vaccinal strains complicating vaccine-mediated control of ILT. Further studies on the pathogenicity of these ILTV strains, including the recombinant ILTV isolate are currently ongoing.

Keyphrases: Herpesvirus, Recombination, Mutation, Molecular characterization, Phylogenetic analysis, Poultry, Vaccine
Whole genome sequencing of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV) from field clinical samples improves the genomic surveillance of the virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major economic concern worldwide. There are currently large data sets available about the ORF5 gene of the virus, with thousands of sequences available, but little data are currently available on the full-length genome of PRRSV. We hypothesized that whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the PRRSV genome would allow better epidemiological monitoring than ORF5 gene sequencing. PRRSV PCR-positive serum, oral fluid, and tissue clinical samples submitted to the diagnostic laboratory for routine surveillance or diagnosis of PRRSV infection in Québec, Canada, swine herds were used. The PRRSV reverse transcription-quantitative PCR Cq values of the processed samples varied between 11.5 and 34.34. PRRSV strain genomes were isolated using a poly (A)-tail method and were sequenced with a MiSeq Illumina sequencer. Ninetytwo full-length PRRSV genomes were obtained from 88 clinical samples out of 132 tested samples, resulting in a PRRSV WGS success rate of 66.67%. Three important deletions in ORF1a were found in most wild-type (i.e., not vaccine-like) strains. The importance of these deletions remains undetermined. Two different full-length PRRSV genomes were found in four different samples (three serum samples and one pool of tissues), suggesting a 4.55% PRRSV strain coinfection prevalence in swine. Moreover, six PRRSV whole genomes (6.52% of PRRSV strains) were found to cluster differently than they did under the ORF5 classification method. Overall, WGS of PRRSV enables better strain classification and/or interpretation of results in 9.10% of clinical samples than ORF5 sequencing, as well as allowing interesting research avenues.

Keyphrases: Animal viral disease, Swine virus, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV, Next-generation sequencing, NGS, Whole-genome sequencing, WGS, Recombinant, Coinfection, Classification
Waking EEG functional connectivity in middle-aged and older adults with obstructive sleep apnea

Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating changes in waking electroencephalography (EEG), most specifically regarding spectral power and functional connectivity, in middle-aged and older adults with OSA. We also explored whether changes in spectral power or functional connectivity are associated with polysomnographic characteristics and/or neuropsychological performance. Methods: 19 OSA subjects (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 20, age: 63.6 ± 6.4) and 22 controls (apneahypopnea index ≤ 10, age: 63.6 ± 6.7) underwent a full night of in-laboratory polysomnography followed by a waking EEG and a neuropsychological assessment. Waking EEG spectral power and imaginary coherence were compared between groups for all EEG frequency bands and scalp regions. Correlation analyses were performed between selected waking EEG variables, polysomnographic parameters and neuropsychological performance. Results: No group difference was observed for EEG spectral power for any frequency band. Regarding the imaginary coherence, when compared to controls, OSA subjects showed decreased EEG connectivity between frontal and temporal regions in theta and alpha bands as well as increased connectivity between frontal and parietal regions in delta and beta 1 bands. In the OSA group, these changes in connectivity correlated with lower sleep efficiency, lower total sleep time and higher apnea-hypopnea index. No relationship was found with neuropsychological performance. Conclusions: Contrary to spectral power, imaginary coherence was sensitive enough to detect changes in brain function in middle-aged and older subjects with OSA when compared to controls. Whether these changes in cerebral connectivity predict cognitive decline needs to be investigated longitudinally.

Keyphrases: Sleep-related breathing disorder, Quantitative electroencephalography, Wakefulness, Functional connectivity, Imaginary coherency