NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Social identities and isotopic analyses of the burials from the archaeological site of Ucanal, Petén, Guatemala

Avec les avancées des deux dernières décennies en matière d’analyses isotopiques, les chercheurs étudiant l’ère mayas ont conclu que les sociétés Précolombiennes étaient beaucoup plus mobiles qu’anticipées, bien qu’elles étaient des sociétés sédentaires agricoles avec de grands centres. Les études isotopiques, particulièrement le strontium et l’oxygène, nous permettent d’identifier la présence de migrants à l’aide de la signature géochimique des dents issues des sépultures retrouvées. Les isotopes de strontium présents dans l’environnement sont absorbés par le corps humain et reflètent la géologie particulière du lieu d’habitation d’un individu lors de l’enfance, alors que les isotopes d’oxygène en reflètent les précipitations. Le site archéologique d’Ucanal dans la région de Petén au Guatemala a révélé douze sépultures dans les saisons 2016 et 2017 de fouilles archéologiques. Sur les douze sépultures étudiées, trois individus se sont révélés être possiblement nés à l’extérieur du site. Ces individus mettent au jour deux moyens qu’ont les étrangers de s’impliquer dans leurs terres d’accueil. Ensemble, les analyses isotopiques, les restes humains et les traitements funéraires suggèrent un traitement hostile des étrangers, sous la forme du sacrifice humain et à l’opposé, un traitement particulier en lien avec le culte des ancêtres où les étrangers sont célébrés et commémorés comme fondateurs. With the advances in isotopic analyses over the last two decades, scholars working in the Maya area have come to realize that Pre-Columbian people were much more mobile than previously considered, even though many were sedentary agriculturalists with large urban centers. Isotopic analysis of strontium and oxygen of human teeth enables us to identify the presence of migrants since they reflect geochemical and climatic variability of where a person lived as a child. Twelve burials from the archaeological site of Ucanal, in the Petén region of Guatemala, were analyzed for strontium and oxygen isotopes. In addition, a strontium baseline study of faunal remains was undertaken to identify typical values for the Ucanal region. Out of the twelve burials, three individuals were identified as likely foreign-born. Interestingly, they underscore two different ways in which foreigners were implicated in their newly founded homelands. Together with analyses of the human remains and burial contexts, the isotopic results highlight potentially hostile treatment in the form of human sacrifice or potentially reverential treatments in the form of a cult of the ancestors in which foreign peoples were remembered as important founding ancestors.

Keyphrases: archéologie, Maya, sépultures, identités sociales, isotopes, bioarchéologie, Maya, isotopes, migration, archaeology, burials, social identities, bioarchaeology
Le travail de l’Intelligence artificielle : rapport au travail et coup d’œil sociodémographique

À Montréal, subventions et investissements privés à la clé, l’Intelligence artificielle est sur toutes les lèvres. Un écosystème propice au développement des technologies intelligentes dans la métropole québécoise émerge, faisant naître de nouveaux types d’entreprises. Ce mémoire a pour objectif de retracer le rapport spécifique au travail que développent les jeunes travailleurs choisissant d’œuvrer dans ce secteur prometteur, après avoir illustré qui ils sont d’un point de vue sociodémographique. Par l’entremise d’une étude qualitative, l’auteur s’interroge sur les conditions d’emploi en vigueur dans ces nouvelles entreprises technologiques et les couleurs données au travail en leur sein. L’enquête expose ainsi les plus récentes mutations relatives au travail et à l’emploi qui font en sorte que plus que jamais, le travail est une façon de s’exprimer en tant qu’individu. Elle saisit en acte la construction du sens que ces jeunes travailleurs hautement qualifiés attribuent à leur sphère professionnelle afin de pouvoir se soustraire de la flexibilité et de la précarité responsables de l’effritement de la société dite salariale. In Montreal, with an abundance of public subsidies and private investment, Artificial intelligence is on everyone's lips. Emerging in Quebec's metropolis is an ecosystem conducive to the development of smart technologies, giving birth to new types of businesses. After illustrating the socio-demographic qualities of the professionals drawn towards this field, this dissertation aims to trace the work-specific relationship developed by young workers who choose to work in this promising sector. Through a qualitative study, the author examines what employment conditions look like in this emerging sector of the tech industry. The findings in this paper highlight the changing culture of work and how it has increasingly become a way of expressing oneself as an individual. It captures in action the construction of meaning that these young and highly qualified workers attribute to their professional sphere in order to escape the flexibility and precariousness responsible for the erosion of the so-called wage society.

Keyphrases: Intelligence artificielle, Rapport au travail, Jeunes, Quatrième révolution industrielle, Sociodémographie, Expressivité, Intégration, Autonomie, Reconnaissance, Artificial intelligence, Relation to work, Youth, Fourth industrial revolution, Sociodemography
2012, suivi de l’imaginaire du survivant dans l’œuvre de Christian Guay-Poliquin

2012 est un roman narré par un survivant à Montréal dans un univers post-apocalyptique de zombies. Les oeuvres littéraires, le cinéma et la télévision l’aideront à rester en vie. Le texte démontre que les connaissances acquises à travers différents biens culturels permettent la survie. L’intertextualité et l’intermédialité deviennent des outils centraux dans l’imaginaire du survivant. L’essai de ce mémoire porte sur les romans Le fil des kilomètres (2013) et Le poids de la neige (2016) de Christian Guay-Poliquin, deux textes qui présentent l’idée que les connaissances issues d’oeuvres permettent la survie du narrateur. Les réflexions de Renée Bourassa sur les fictions hypermédiatiques démontreront que les oeuvres de différentes productions culturelles présentes dans l’imaginaire du narrateur survivant forment un réseau de connaissances. Ce réseau permet à celui-ci de prendre des décisions en dialoguant avec les connaissances acquises dans des oeuvres. Cette remémoration agit à l’image d’un guide Wikipédia et d’un labyrinthe hypertextuel. 2012 is a novel narrated by a survivor in a post-apocalyptic universe of zombies in Montreal. Books, movies and tv series will help him to stay alive. The text demonstrates that the knowledge acquired through different cultural objects allows survival. Intertextuality and intermediality become central tools in the survivor's imaginary. The essay in this thesis focuses on Christian Guay-Poliquin's Le fil des kilomètres (2013) and Le poids de la neige (2016), two texts which present the idea that cultural knowledge allows the narrator’s survival. Renée Bourassa's reflections on hypermedia fictions will demonstrate that the different cultural productions present in the imaginary of the surviving narrator form a knowledge network. This network enables the narrator to make decisions by interacting with the knowledge acquired in cultural items. This remembrance acts like a Wikipedia guide and a hypertextual labyrinth.

Keyphrases: survivant, hypertexte, Christian Guay-Poliquin, intertextualité, Zombies, Hypertext, Christian Guay-Poliquin, intermedialite, Survivor, Zombies, Hypertext, Intertextuality, Intermediality
Le personnage « en devenir » ; dialogue avec le récepteur dans la dramaturgie d'Étienne Lepage

Ce mémoire de maîtrise aborde la notion de personnage dans trois œuvres du dramaturge québécois Étienne Lepage. Il vise dans un premier temps à cerner en quoi cette forme du personnage de théâtre se distingue des théories existantes sur le sujet, notamment celle de l’impersonnage de Jean-Pierre Sarrazac. Il s’agit de cerner les caractéristiques propres à ce personnage « en devenir », animé par le mouvement qui négocie sa construction dans un dialogue avec le récepteur. Cette étude centrée sur l’analyse du texte de théâtre puise ses fondements des observations des théoriciens de théâtre (Szondi, Lehmann, Abirached, Sarrazac) sur cette crise traversée par le personnage. La seconde partie s’attarde au rôle occupé par le récepteur au sein du texte dramatique. Les intégrations du récepteur lui confèrent un rôle actif, il se fait co-créateur. L’analyse du traitement que Lepage fait du temps immédiat et de l’espace décloisonné montre comment ces éléments contribuent à aménager cette place au récepteur. En dernier lieu, le monologue comme seul mode possible d’expression occupe une part significative dans cette réflexion sur le personnage de la dramaturgie d’Étienne Lepage. Au confluent des études sur le personnage, des théories de la réception et de la construction de l’identité, cette étude s’emploie à cerner le personnage « en devenir ». This master’s thesis addresses the notion of character in three works by Quebec playwright Étienne Lepage.  First, it aims to identify how this form of the theater character differs from the existing theories on the subject, in particular, Jean-Pierre Sarrazac’s "impersonnage" theory. The aim is to identify the characteristics specific to this "evolving" character, driven by the movement that negotiates its construction in a dialogue with the receiver. This study, which focuses on the analysis of the theater text, draws its foundations from the observations of the theater theorists (Szondi, Lehmann, Abirached, Sarrazac) on this crisis experienced by the character. The second part focuses on the role of the receiver in the dramatic text. The integrations of the receiver give him an active role; he becomes co-creator. The analysis of Lepage’s treatment of immediate time and open space shows how these elements contribute to the arrangement of this space for the receiver. Finally, the monologue as the only possible mode of expression occupies a significant part of this reflection on the character of Étienne Lepage’s dramaturgy. At the confluence of character studies, reception theories and identity construction, this study seeks to identify the character "in the making".

Keyphrases: Étienne Lepage, Théâtralité, Spectateur, Récepteur, Monologue, Évènement, Étienne Lepage, Monologue, Performance, Burlesque, Theatricality, Event, Spectator, Receiver
The predictive validity of clinical ratings of the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START)

With the increased need to assess and manage risk in inpatient settings, the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) was implemented on a civil psychiatric unit. The goal of the present study was to examine the tool’s predictive validity when completed by clinical teams as part of routine practice. Data were collected for 34 patients hospitalized for a minimum of 30 days prior to and after a START evaluation. Several challenging behaviors, such as aggression towards others, self-harm, and substance abuse were assessed using the START Outcomes Scale (Nicholls et al., 2007). Results from multilevel logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristics analyses lend partial support for the predictive validity of the START. A limited set of START items combined was significantly better at predicting the challenging behaviors than the original total Strength and Vulnerability scales. Results are discussed in terms of the clinical use of risk assessment.

Keyphrases: START, Risk assessment, Risk management, Protective factors, Civil psychiatric setting
La couverture de la crise soudanaise dans la presse montréalaise, 1885-1904.

Ce mémoire porte sur la couverture de la crise soudanaise par la presse montréalaise de la fin du XIXe siècle. Cette étude comparative des narrations de la rivalité anglo-française en Afrique que construisent La Presse et le Montreal Daily Star met en valeur, dans le contexte québécois, deux cultures politiques coexistantes : l’impérialisme et le nationalisme. Le point de départ de ce mémoire se situe en 1885 avec la première mention, dans La Presse, des interventions britanniques au Soudan qui mèneront à la crise de Fachoda en 1898 et il se termine à la signature de l’Entente cordiale de 1904, qui marque la résolution des principaux conflits impériaux entre le Royaume-Uni et la France. Cette recherche conclut, d’une part, que le Montreal Daily Star montre une culture politique anglophone adossée à l’impérialisme canadien et britannique, une perspective dont la prégnance s’accentue tout au long de la période étudiée. Au contraire, La Presse se distancie progressivement de ce courant et révèle plutôt l’affirmation d’un nationalisme canadien. This master’s thesis focuses on the Sudanese crisis coverage within Montreal popular press at the end of the 19th century. This comparative study of the narrations of the Anglo-French rivalry produced by La Presse and the Montreal Daily Star shows that, in the Quebec context, two main political cultures coexist: imperialism and nationalism. This thesis coverts a period starting in 1885 with the first report, by La Presse, about British interventions in the Soudan, leading toward the Fashoda crisis in 1898. The study period ends with the signature of the Entente cordiale in 1904, which bring an end to the main colonial rivalries between the United Kingdom and France. This research concludes that, first, the Montreal Daily Star shows an Anglophone political culture tied to Canadian imperialism; the newspaper preserves and even reinforces this perspective during all the study period. Then, on the other hand, La Presse tends to draw away from this ideology and reveal Canadian nationalism.

Keyphrases: Montréal, Presse populaire, XIXe siècle, Fachoda, Nationalisme, Impérialisme, Nationalism, Popular press, 19th century, Fashoda, Nationalism, Imperialism
L’apprentissage des mathématiques avec les jeux traditionnels

Cet ensemble de ressources éducatives libres vise l’apprentissage des mathématiques à l’aide des jeux traditionnels. Il comprend le Kit des jeux éducatifs (noir et blanc/couleur), c’est-à-dire le matériel à imprimer et découper, la fiche sommaire expliquant les règles des jeux par écrit (noir et blanc/couleur), 5 vidéos (une par jeu) montrant l’historique et la démonstration des jeux et enfin, une présentation (ppt) à utiliser pour initier les futurs enseignants à l’utilisation de cet ensemble.

Keyphrases: Mathématiques, Jeux traditionnels
Have we reproduced Rat Park? Conceptual but not direct replication of the protective effects of social and environmental enrichment in addiction

The Rat Park studies are classic experiments in addiction neuroscience, yet they have not been successfully replicated directly and several serious methodological criticisms have been raised. However, the conceptual reproducibility of the Rat Park studies is supported by both contemporaneous and subsequent research. Contemporaneous research on social and environmental enrichment frequently found social isolation rendered rats less sensitive to the effects of drugs of abuse. The Rat Park studies therefore confirmed the importance of social and environmental enrichment and extended this literature to suggest that enrichment reduced opioid consumption. Subsequent studies have also demonstrated social and environmental enrichment reduces drug consumption. However, there are also several papers reporting no effects of enrichment (or ‘negative’ results) and caveats from studies that show genes, age, sex and drug of abuse are all important parameters. While the Rat Park studies did not use methods that are reliable by current standards, enrichment has been shown to reliably reduce opioid consumption and this effect can generalise to other drugs of abuse.

Keyphrases: Rat park, Addiction, Environment, Social, Enrichment, Housing
A tutorial on dealing with time‐varying eligibility for treatment: Comparing the risk of major bleeding with direct‐acting oral anticoagulants vs warfarin

In this tutorial, we focus on the problem of how to define and estimate treatment effects when some patients develop a contraindication and are thus ineligible to receive a treatment of interest during follow-up. We first describe the concept of positivity, which is the requirement that all subjects in an analysis be eligible for all treatments of interest conditional on their baseline covariates, and the extension of this concept in the longitudinal treatment setting. We demonstrate using simulated datasets and regression analysis that under violations of longitudinal positivity, typical associational estimates between treatment over time and the outcome of interest may be misleading depending on the data-generating structure. Finally, we explain how one may define “treatment strategies,” such as “treat with medication unless contraindicated,” to overcome the problems linked to time-varying eligibility. Finally, we show how contrasts between the expected potential outcomes under these strategies may be consistently estimated with inverse probability weighting methods. We provide R code for all the analyses described.

Keyphrases: Anticoagulants, Causal inference, Contraindication, Inverse probability weighting, Longitudinal analysis, Longitudinal exposure, Positivity assumption
Concussion education : is it making a difference?

In response to the growing concern about concussions, experts have stated a need to educate athletes and members of the sport environment about the injury. Although the type of information that should be included in concussion education has generally been agreed upon (e.g., signs and symptoms, management strategies, long-term sequelae), it is not clear at this point the best way to disseminate this information. Most initiatives have used printed educational materials and web-based platforms such as websites and social networking sites to deliver concussion education. Evidence about the effectiveness of these modalities is currently either inconclusive or has suggested that they are not effective when used as a standalone strategy. There have also been some concussion education interventions published in the literature. Results of the interventions suggests there are short-term improvements in knowledge, but limited effect on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors beyond three months. This chapter provides an overview of contemporary concussion education efforts and discusses implications for future research and practice.

Keyphrases: Injury prevention, Intervention, Knowledge translation, Behavior change, Serious games
A narrative inquiry into a female athlete’s experiences with protracted concussion symptoms

This article explores a female university volleyball student-athlete’s experience with protracted concussion symptoms. Through the methodology of narrative inquiry, four salient themes became apparent related to Daphnée’s experiences: (a) “I felt so alone,” (b) “I had to make one of the hardest decisions of my life,” (c) “I feel like I’m in prison,” and (d) “There’s no light at the end of the tunnel.” Overall, this study offers a rare look into the impact of concussion on an individual’s athletic and academic identities, career progression, and in turn, her imagined stories of who she was and who she was becoming.

Keyphrases: Athletic identity, Concussion, Female athletes, Injury rehabilitation, Qualitative research
Predicting early post-stroke aphasia outcome from initial aphasia severity

Background: The greatest degree of language recovery in post-stroke aphasia takes place within the first weeks. Aphasia severity and lesion measures have been shown to be good predictors of long-term outcomes. However, little is known about their implications in early spontaneous recovery. The present study sought to determine which factors better predict early language outcomes in individuals with post-stroke aphasia. Methods: Twenty individuals with post-stroke aphasia were assessed <72 h (acute) and 10–14 days (subacute) after stroke onset. We developed a composite score (CS) consisting of several linguistic sub-tests: repetition, oral comprehension and naming. Lesion volume, lesion load and diffusion measures [fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD)] from both arcuate fasciculi (AF) were also extracted using MRI scans performed at the same time points. A series of regression analyses were performed to predict the CS at the second assessment. Results: Among the diffusion measures, only FA from right AF was found to be a significant predictor of early subacute aphasia outcome. However, when combined in two hierarchical models with FA, age and either lesion load or lesion size, the initial aphasia severity was found to account for most of the variance (R 2 = 0.678), similarly to the complete models (R 2 = 0.703 and R 2 = 0.73, respectively). Conclusions: Initial aphasia severity was the best predictor of early post-stroke aphasia outcome, whereas lesion measures, though highly correlated, show less influence on the prediction model. We suggest that factors predicting early recovery may differ from those involved in long-term recovery.

Keyphrases: Aphasia, White matter (WM), dMRI (diffusion magnetic resonance imaging), Stroke, Early recovery, Linguistic assessment