NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Étude de faisabilité portant sur l’évaluation de la production et de la compréhension du langage oral en français

En début de scolarisation, les enfants francophones démontrent des compétences en morphosyntaxe avant même qu’elle ne leur soit enseignée à l’école (Marquis, Royle et al. 2012). De plus, les enfants francophones d’âge scolaire sont sensibles aux violations sémantiques et morphosyntaxiques (Courteau, Royle et al. 2013). Le but de la présente étude est de vérifier la faisabilité de l’utilisation, chez des enfants avec trouble spécifique du langage (TSL), de deux tests qui visent à évaluer les compétences langagières en français au niveau de la production morphosyntaxique et de la détection d’incongruences sémantiques et de violations morphosyntaxiques. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous avons évalué une enfant de 5 ans sans TSL ayant complété la maternelle et un enfant de 8 ans avec TSL ayant complété la deuxième année du primaire. Nous avons utilisé une tâche de production induite de verbes au passé composé (Marquis, Royle et al. 2012) et une tâche visuoauditive de compréhension évaluant la capacité à relever des violations sémantiques et morphosyntaxiques dans des syntagmes nominaux (Royle, 2010). L’analyse des données confirme l’utilité de ces tâches auprès d’enfants avec un TSL. Children learning French as a first language show morphosyntactic competence even before it is taught to them in elementary school (Marquis, Royle et al. 2012). School-aged French native speakers are also sensitive to semantic and morphosyntactic violations (Courteau, Royle et al. 2013). The purpose of this case study is to test the feasibility of using, in children with specific language impairment (SLI), two tests evaluating morphosyntactic production as well as semantic and morphosyntactic violation detection. We evaluated a five-year-old child without SLI who had completed kindergarten and an eight-year-old child with SLI who had completed his second year of elementary school, using a French “ passé compose ” (perfect past) verb production task (Marquis, Royle et al. 2012), and a semantic and morphosyntactic violation detection task in a visual auditory modality with noun phrases (Royle, 2010). Data analysis confirms the possibility of using these tasks with children who have SLI.

Keyphrases: Morphosyntaxe, Violations sémantiques, Violations morphosyntaxiques, Acquisition du langage, Trouble spécifique du langage, Morphosyntax, Semantic violations, Morphosyntactic violations, Language acquisition, Specific language impairment
La noblesse castillane et la mer durant la Guerre de Cent ans : étude des récits de voyage du Victorial et du Canarien

Le présent mémoire vise à étudier les manuscrits des œuvres littéraires du Victorial et du Canarien de manière à voir l’évolution de la chevalerie de Castille à la fin du Moyen âge et de son lien à la mer. Il est aussi question des relations diplomatiques entre la France et la Castille au tournant du XVe siècle et de l’impact de cette alliance sur la chevalerie castillane. Dans le contexte de la guerre de Cent Ans, et des bouleversements engendrés, ce sont davantage l’évolution des liens entre la royauté et la noblesse, alors que grandit la relation à la mer, qui est au cœur du travail de recherche. La violence en mer rajoute un facteur d’étude intéressant pour comprendre l’émergence, sinon la mutation de nouvelles responsabilités et fonctions des nobles considérant l’alliance franco-castillane. Ce qui permet de voir que, malgré l’implication très limitée de certains chevaliers au sein d’entreprises maritimes, celle-ci devient un nouveau champ de bataille dont l’influence est certainement plus prononcée à la fin de l’époque médiévale. Enfin, le présent travail repose sur une comparaison entre deux études de cas, soit le Victorial, biographie de Pero Niño, comte de Buelna, et le Canarien, récit de voyage qui retrace la conquête des îles Canaries par Jean de Béthencourt et Gadifer de la Salle. Outre l’intérêt que ces textes présentent comme témoignages posthumes de la vie des nobles qui y est contée, ces textes illustrent également l’influence culturelle de la France sur la Castille, tant au niveau style littéraire que dans le comportement socio-politique. The main purpose of this very text is to study the evolution of the French and Castilian nobilities at the end of the medieval ages through the manuscripts of the Victorial and the Canarian. The development of the nobility’s role is important to see the relationship of some nobles with the oceanic environment and the diplomatic impacts it had created at the beginning of the 15th century. Meanwhile, changes relatively to the relationship between nobility and royalty are also obvious, du to the disruption occasioned by the Hundred Years war. On the other hand, violence at sea also brings an interesting aspect to this study. It helps to understand the upcoming of new responsibilities to the nobles living on the coasts. Finally, the Victorial and the Canarian represent an important side of this work, not only because it shows the stylistic influence of the "amour courtois" literary movement, but also because they are posthumous testimony of the life of don Pero Niño and Jean de Béthencourt. All this proves that, even if the implication of nobles into major enterprises among the sea remains very limited, it is very clear that oceanic side becomes a new reality of war and political alliances at the end of the Middle Ages.

Keyphrases: Noblesse, Royauté, Valeurs chevaleresques, Violence en mer, Guerre de course, Diplomatie, Piraterie, Navigation, Nobility, Royalty, Chivalric values, Admiralty, Violence at sea, Privateering, Diplomacy, Piracy
Les princesses Médée et Himiko : une étude comparative des mythologies grecque et japonaise

La mythologie est souvent un point d'ancrage pour la culture d'une société donnée. Elle est souvent utilisée pour expliquer des phénomènes naturels et sociaux propres à la société à laquelle elle appartient. L'hypothèse de base pour ce travail est que malgré l'essence culturelle de la mythologie, il existerait un imaginaire commun au genre humain, un genre de schéma commun à toutes les cultures, pour ce qui est de la création des récits mythiques. Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, ce travail portera sur une étude comparative entre les mythologies grecque et japonaise, à travers les princesses Médée et Himiko. Deux princesses, qui à première vue n'ont rien en commun, mais qui après un examen plus en profondeur, révèlent avoir plus d'une similitude. Il va de soi que ces princesses ne sont pas entièrement identiques, puisque certains traits culturels sont propres à leur civilisation respective. C'est en observant ces différences qu'il sera possible de mieux cerner ce qu'il y a de similaire entre les deux mythologies. Toutefois, avec l'étude de la mythologie, il vient grand nombre de carences dans l'information qui est parvenue jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Ces carences peuvent être dues à deux facteurs principaux, soit la destruction de sources à travers le temps, soit que ces sources n'ont tout simplement jamais existé. Ce deuxième facteur sera analysé au sein de ce travail. Mythology is often considered a key component of the culture for a given society. It is often used to explain natural and social phenomenon particular to the aforementioned society. The hypothesis guiding this research is that, although mythology is considered culturally linked to a society, there is a basis for creating myths that is common to human kind, like some sort of a mythological blueprint common to all cultures. To verify this hypothesis, this study will focus on comparing Greek and Japanese mythology through the princesses Medea and Pimiko. At first, these princesses might seem to have nothing in common, however after a thorough study, it is possible to see that they are similar in more ways than one. They are, however, not completely identical. This is because some cultural traits truly are unique to a given society. By studying these differences, it is possible to determine what is truly similar between two cultures. However, with the study of mythology, it is considered normal that some information is missing. This can be the result of two deciding factors. The first one is that this piece of information was destroyed at some point in time. The second one is that it never existed in any written form and simply disappeared. This second factor will be discussed at length in this paper.

Keyphrases: Himiko, Médée, Mythologie grecque, Mythologie japonaise, Comparaison, Himiko, Medea, Greek mythology, Japanese mythology, Comparison
Trajectoires de l’Aufklärung : autour de la polémique Kant-Herder

Ce mémoire vise à approfondir notre compréhension de la courte polémique ayant eu lieu entre Kant et Herder dans les années 1784 et 1785. Souvent présenté comme un dialogue de sourds entre un Kant au sommet de sa gloire et un Herder obsolète, nous voulons démontrer non seulement que, malgré les apparences, cette polémique a été fructueuse pour les deux philosophes et que la philosophie de Herder, loin d’être obsolète, est plutôt une philosophie des Lumières au même titre que celle de Kant. Herder offre simplement une autre trajectoire pour les Lumières : l’immanentisme, lequel s’oppose à la démarche transcendantaliste de Kant. Nous voulons par là montrer le caractère irréductiblement pluriel des Lumières. This thesis aims at deepening our understanding of the short debate that took place between Kant and Herder in 1784 and 1785. Often presented as a dialogue of the deaf between a Kant at the heights of his glory and an obsolete Herder, we want to demonstrate not only that, despite appearances, that debate was fruitful for both philosophers and that the philosophy of Herder, far from being obsolete, is rather a philosophy of the Enlightenment just as Kant’s is. Herder simply offers another trajectory for the Enlightenment: immanentism, which is opposed to the transcendentalist way of Kant. Thus, we want to show the irreducibly plural character of the Enlightenment.

Keyphrases: Aufklärung, Lumières, Polémique Kant-Herder, Kant, Herder, Réflexion, Transcendantalisme, Immanentisme, Criticisme, Philosophie de l'histoire, Humanité, Immanentism, Kant, Herder, Enlightenment, Kant-Herder debate, Reflection, Transcendentalism, Immanentism, Criticism, Philosophy of history, Humanity
Prévalence et mécanismes de résistance aux triazolés des espèces d’Aspergillus section Fumigati

Aspergillus fumigatus est le principal agent causal de l’aspergillose invasive. En Europe, un nombre croissant d’isolats cliniques d’A. fumigatus présentent une résistance, à la fois in vivo et in vitro, aux principaux antifongiques utilisés en traitement, soit les triazolés. De plus, plusieurs espèces d’Aspergillus, morphologiquement et génétiquement semblables à A. fumigatus, sont souvent mal identifiées dans les laboratoires diagnostiques, et présentent une résistance intrinsèque aux triazolés. Les mécanismes de résistance de ces espèces d’Aspergillus de la section Fumigati sont très peu connus. Dans ce projet, l’étude rétrospective d’une collection de souches cliniques d’Aspergillus isolées à l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont a révélé une prévalence de 1,4% de ces espèces dites « cryptiques » d’Aspergillus. Le taux de résistance parmi tous les isolats d’Aspergillus section Fumigati a été évalué à 1,0%. L’analyse des mécanismes de résistance aux triazolés a permis d’impliquer les pompes à efflux dans la résistance des espèces Aspergillus turcosus et A. fumigatus, alors que les espèces Aspergillus thermomutatus et Aspergillus lentulus, résistantes aux triazolés, auraient un mécanisme davantage relié à des mutations du gène cyp51a. Aspergillus fumigatus is the principal agent of invasive aspergillosis. A growing number of A. fumigatus isolates in Europe are found to be resistant to the triazoles, the primary antifungals used in treatment. Moreover, many “cryptic” Aspergillus species, morphologically and genetically similar to A. fumigatus, are misidentified in the clinical diagnostic laboratory, and several of these “cryptic” species are intrinsically resistant to the triazoles. Resistance mechanisms of “cryptic” Aspergillus section Fumigati species are not well known. In the present retrospective study, conducted on a collection of Aspergillus clinical isolates from Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, the prevalence of the « cryptic » species among all Aspergillus section Fumigati was 1.4%, and 1.0% of all isolates in the collection were azole-resistant. Analysis of resistance mechanisms produced evidence for efflux pump-mediated resistance in Aspergillus turcosus and A. fumigatus isolates, in contrast to the triazole-resistant Aspergillus thermomutatus and Aspergillus lentulus species which display resistance likely mediated by mutations in the cyp51a gene.

Keyphrases: Aspergillus section Fumigati, triazolés, résistance, cyp51a, pompes à efflux, espèces cryptiques, efflux pumps, Aspergillus section Fumigati, cyp51a, triazoles, resistance, cryptic species
Exploration, en composition musicale, des rencontres entre musiques de l’Occident et du Moyen-Orient, particulièrement d’Iran

Ce mémoire a pour objet de créer et d’explorer, dans la composition musicale, des rencontres entre musiques du Moyen-Orient (particulièrement la musique savante persane) et de l’Occident, de sorte que les éléments esthétiques de chacun soient préservés. D’un autre côté, j’ai cherché à retrouver les tendances musicales qui sont communes entre ces systèmes musicaux afin de parvenir à une unité formelle, tout en créant un langage unique. Ce mémoire portera sur l’analyse des oeuvres que j’ai composées au cours de ma maitrise en composition instrumentale à l’Université de Montréal : Hétérotopie, Le mouvement substantiel, Kamalto et Deuil de Cyprès. Les analyses de ces oeuvres démontrent mon emploi des matériaux modaux, des morphèmes, des cycles rythmiques, d’improvisation, de combinaisons de systèmes aux niveaux des hauteurs et de l’ornementation, ainsi que de manière plus générale, des textures, des formes et des harmonies. Mots-clés : Hétérophonie, Ethnomusicologie, Orient-Occident, Système de hauteur, Musique savante persane, Dastgâh, Maqâm, Modes orientaux, Instruments orientaux, Kamanché, Multiculturalisme, Tradition et modernité, Modes de jeux contemporains. The purpose of this master’s dissertation is to explore musical encounters between Middle Eastern music (especially Persian classical music) and Western music, with the purpose of preserving the aesthetic elements of each one. I tried, as well, to find musical tendencies that are common between these heterogeneous musical systems in order to achieve a formal unity in a unique language. This master dissertation will deal with the analysis of the musical pieces, which I have been composing during the Master’s instrumental composition program at the Université de Montréal: Heterotopia, The Substantial Movement, Kamalto and Cypress Mourning. What is considered in the analysis of the mentioned works particularly focuses on the usage of modal materials, morphemes, rhythmic cycles, improvisation, ornamentation and the combination of pitch systems, as well, in more general ways, on the textures and the forms. Keywords: Heterophony, Ethnomusicology, Iran, East-West, pitch system, Persian classical music, Dastgâh, Maqâm, oriental modes, oriental instruments, Kamancheh, multiculturalism, Tradition and modernity, Extended techniques.

Keyphrases: Hétérophonie, Ethnomusicologie, Orient-Occident, Système de hauteur, Musique savante persane, Dastgâh, Maqâm, Modes orientaux, Instruments orientaux, Kamanché, Multiculturalisme, Tradition et modernité, Modes de jeux contemporains, Multiculturalism, Dastgâh, Maqâm, Heterophony, Ethnomusicology, Iran, East-West, Pitch system, Persian classical music, Oriental modes, Oriental instruments, Kamancheh, Multiculturalism, Tradition and modernity, Extended techniques, Persian classical music
Dare to Dream: Promoting Indigenous Children’s Interest in Health Professions through Book Collections

Introduction: Indigenous peoples in Canada experience significant health challenges, but few pursue careers in the health sciences. Two programs by medical librarians designed to encourage children in First Nations communities to dream of careers in the health professions will be presented.  Description: An academic library in [Province] developed children’s health and science book collections with Indigenous school libraries. Library and information science students, as well as a librarian, participated in health education activities in the recipient schools. This project inspired the community service project of the joint MLA/CHLA-ABSC/ICLC Mosaic|Mosaïque 2016 conference, which focused on placing similar collections in Ontario Indigenous communities. The mechanics, benefits, and challenges of the programs will be discussed including book selection and delivery.  Outcomes: Hundreds of books have been delivered and informal qualitative evaluative data from the recipient communities indicates positive outcomes. Some difficulties in providing optimal access to the books were identified due to communication problems or the relative lack of library infrastructure in these communities.  Discussion: Reading for pleasure is linked to student's academic success. Access to varied and quality literature is important for school achievement, therefore these collections may potentially impact student’s future life chances. While a direct correlation between these collections and student’s future career choices cannot be easily measured, it is known that Indigenous high school graduates frequently choose to pursue professions linked to the needs of the community. Therefore any materials drawing attention to potential community health needs may well influence student’s choices.

Keyphrases: Indigenous health, Santé autochtone, Health professions, Professions de la santé, Bibliothèques scolaires, Academic libraries, School libraries, Bibliothèques universitaires, Children’s books, Littérature pour enfants
Evaluation of qualityof-life in patients with narcolepsy treated with sodium oxybate : use of the 36-item short-form health survey in a clinical trial

Introduction The present post hoc analysis was designed to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the 36-item Short Form Health Status Survey (SF-36) during an 8-week trial of sodium oxybate (SXB). Methods SF-36 was assessed in a phase 3 placebo-controlled trial in patients with narcolepsy (N = 228) randomized to placebo or SXB in doses of 4.5, 6, or 9 g nightly for 8 weeks. Changes from baseline in SF-36 (last observation carried forward) were compared between SXB and placebo, and effect sizes (ES) were estimated. Results Baseline SF-36 values were lower than normative values for the US general population. After 8 weeks of treatment, mean (±standard deviation) improvement from baseline on the Physical Component Summary (PCS) was significantly greater with SXB 9 g/night than placebo (6.3 ± 9.1 vs. 1.5 ± 6.2; p = 0.005), with moderate ES; no significant difference was found between the SXB and placebo groups on the Mental Component Summary. SXB 9 g/night resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) greater improvements than placebo in Physical Functioning (4.4 ± 9.2 vs. 1.0 ± 8.0), General Health (GH; 3.1 ± 7.0 vs. 0.4 ± 6.8), and Social Functioning (6.8 ± 16.8 vs. 1.1 ± 9.6). All SXB doses resulted in significant improvement (p < 0.05) relative to placebo for Vitality, with moderate ES. No significant differences versus placebo were observed for Role–Physical, Role–Emotional, or Mental Health domains. Conclusion Treatment with SXB was associated with a dose-dependent improvement in HRQoL, with the 9-g nightly dose demonstrating a positive impact on PCS and individual SF-36 domains of Vitality, GH, and Physical and Social Functioning.

Keyphrases: Narcolepsy, Sodium oxybate, Quality of life, SF-36
BDNF Val66Met polymorphism interacts with sleep consolidation to predict ability to create new declarative memories

It is hypothesized that a fundamental function of sleep is to restore an individual's day-to-day ability to learn and to constantly adapt to a changing environment through brain plasticity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is among the key regulators that shape brain plasticity. However, advancing age and carrying the BDNF Met allele were both identified as factors that potentially reduce BDNF secretion, brain plasticity, and memory. Here, we investigated the moderating role of BDNF polymorphism on sleep and next-morning learning ability in 107 nondemented individuals who were between 55 and 84 years of age. All subjects were tested with 1 night of in-laboratory polysomnography followed by a cognitive evaluation the next morning. We found that in subjects carrying the BDNF Val66Val polymorphism, consolidated sleep was associated with significantly better performance on hippocampus-dependent episodic memory tasks the next morning (β-values from 0.290 to 0.434, p ≤ 0.01). In subjects carrying at least one copy of the BDNF Met allele, a more consolidated sleep was not associated with better memory performance in most memory tests (β-values from -0.309 to -0.392, p values from 0.06 to 0.15). Strikingly, increased sleep consolidation was associated with poorer performance in learning a short story presented verbally in Met allele carriers (β = -0.585, p = 0.005). This study provides new evidence regarding the interacting roles of consolidated sleep and BDNF polymorphism in the ability to learn and stresses the importance of considering BDNF polymorphism when studying how sleep affects cognition.

Keyphrases: Aging, Brain derived neurotrophic factor, Cognition, Memory, Sleep, Slow-wave sleep
A prospective, longitudinal, study of men with borderline personality disorder with and without comorbid antisocial personality disorder

Background: Some evidence suggests that the prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is elevated among male criminal offenders. It is not presently known whether offending, and violent offending, are limited to those presenting comorbid Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) who have a childhood history of conduct problems and whether offending is linked to psychopathic traits. Methods: A community sample of 311 males followed from age 6 to 33 years, one third of whom had a criminal charge between ages 18 and 24, completed diagnostic interviews and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised interview. Information on childhood included parent-reported family characteristics and teacher-rated of hurtful and uncaring behaviours, conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention, and anxiety at age 6, 10, and 12 years. Health files were obtained as were records of criminal convictions from age 12 to 33. Results: At age 33, 4% of the men presented BPD and not ASPD, 16% ASPD and not BPD, 8% BPD + ASPD, and 72% neither disorder (ND). Comorbid disorders were common: BPD were distinguished by high levels of anxiety disorders, BPD and BPD + ASPD by depression disorders, and BPD, BPD + ASPD, and ASPD by substance dependence. Official files indicated use of health services by all participants. One-third of participants with BPD and BPD + ASPD acquired a diagnosis of a personality disorder. More than one-third of participants with BPD + ASPD obtained scores indicative of the syndrome of psychopathy. Convictions for violent crimes varied across groups: In adolescence, BPD none, BPD + ASPD 16%, ASPD 16%, and ND 3.6%; from age 18 to 33, BPD 18%, ASPD 19%, BPD + ASPD 52%, and ND 4.4%. Offenders with BPD + ASPD were convicted, on average, for four times more violent crimes than offenders with ASPD and seven times more than ND offenders. In childhood, men with BPD + ASPD and with ASPD had obtained similarly elevated ratings for disruptive behaviours as compared to ND. Conclusion: BPD comorbid with ASPD was associated with violent criminal offending in adolescence and most strongly in adulthood, elevated levels of psychopathic traits, and childhood disruptive behaviour. BPD showed similar characteristics but to a much less degree.

Keyphrases: Borderline personality disorder, Antisocial personality disorder, Crime, Psychopathic traits, Childhood behaviour, Comorbid mental health problems