NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Trajectories and predictors of functional capacity decline in older adults from a Brazilian Northeastern hospital

Background and Purpose:  Older adults face increased risk of loss of functional capacity both before and during hospitalization, so identifying older adults at risk for loss in functional capacity during hospitalization would help researchers and clinicians make informed decisions. This study aims to evaluate functional changes from preadmission (baseline) until discharge of hospitalized older adults and identify predictors of loss in functional capacity.  Methods:  This is a prospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Natal, Brazil, and enrolled all consecutive patients aged 60 years and older between January 1, 2014, and April 30, 2015. Independent variables included personal characteristics, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (evaluated by the Lawton and Brody scale), cognition (evaluated by the Leganés cognitive test), depression (assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale—15), and in-hospital mobility (evaluated by the Short Physical Performance Battery). The dependent variable functional capacity was assessed by the Katz scale. These instruments were applied at 2 different times: upon admission (within first 24 hours) and at discharge (12-24 hours before). Functional trajectories were defined as the course of functioning from preadmission until discharge using functional capacity data. A multivariate analysis with generalized estimating equation estimated the longitudinal changes in functional capacity.  Results and Discussion:  The final sample consisted of 1191 older adults and 53.9% were less than 70 years of age. Regarding changes in functional capacity, 52.5% of the older adults presented worse functional capacity at discharge than at baseline. Being dependent for IADL instrumental daily living activities, the presence of depressive symptoms, low levels of cognition, and in-hospital mobility were risk factors for greater loss in functional capacity during a hospitalization event.  Conclusion:  Hospitalization events may be catastrophic for functional capacity in older adults in Brazil. Functional, cognitive, and emotional status and in-hospital mobility must be carefully assessed at hospital admission and monitored during hospitalization. Effective strategies for preventing loss in functional capacity in older people must improve in the Brazilian hospital system.

Keyphrases: Aged, Functioning, Hospitalization, Mobility limitation
Quantified desistance : a scoping review of conventions in the scientific literature

This paper adopts a conventionalist approach to shed light on the measurement and reification problems that underlie the quantification of desistance from crime in the scientific literature. Analysis of 100 papers spanning three decades indicates that approaches based on theoretical classification have recently lost ground in favor of more sophisticated techniques aimed at empirically identifying subgroups. These techniques convey the impression of objectiveness among statistics users and consumers and, as a result, the classification “desisters” and “persisters” are increasingly reified. Findings suggest that the quantification of desistance is intimately linked to the maintenance of a classification system that constitutes delinquency as a stable category and contributes to “making” up new kinds of people over which institutions can legitimately intervene.

Keyphrases: Desistance, Crime statistics, Measurement, Governance
Development and validation of the treatment expectations in chronic pain scale

Objectives: To develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Treatment Expectations in Chronic Pain (TEC) scale, a brief measure of treatment expectations of chronic non-cancer pain treatment.  Design: A cross-sectional study design was used.  Methods: After conducting a literature review and expert discussions, a preliminary version of the TEC scale was developed. Cognitive interviews with 10 clinicians and 14 patients were conducted to examine the scale's face validity and item wording. Last, two hundred and five patients on the waitlist for a multidisciplinary pain treatment centre completed a battery of self-report questionnaires to examine the TEC scale's reliability and construct validity. Mokken scale analysis was conducted to select the final items. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha and Guttman's lambda2 ) and construct validity (Pearson correlations) were assessed.  Results: The final scale was composed of nine items that each measured ideal and predicted expectations about process and outcome of treatment. Mokken scale analysis showed the presence of two subscales: ideal and predicted expectations. The TEC scale had good internal consistency (α = 0.876-0.869) and adequate discriminant validity as assessed by its low correlation with measures of depression, anxiety, and quality of life (r = -.038 to .114). The scale had however low correlation with a theoretically related measure of optimism (r = .240).  Conclusion: The TEC scale is a reliable scale measuring pain treatment expectation. Further evaluation of its psychometric properties is needed. The scale has the potential to deepen our understanding of the role treatment expectations play in chronic non-cancer pain treatment response. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Expectations play a role in pain perception and the response to pain treatment Patients' expectations about pain and its management are associated with treatment satisfaction The absence of a validated tool to measure treatment expectations in chronic non-cancer pain prevents further exploration and understanding of the role of expectations in the context of multidisciplinary pain treatment . What does this study add? A new, reliable 9-item scale measuring treatment expectations among chronic non-cancer pain patients attending specialized multidisciplinary pain clinics .

Keyphrases: Treatment expectations in chronic pain scale, Expectations, Multidisciplinary pain treatment, Pain, Scale development
Rapport annuel 2020-2021

Rapport annuel des activités de la Direction des bibliothèques de l’Université de Montréal en 2020-2021.

Keyphrases: Bibliothèques, Rapport annuel
Effectiveness of interprofessional manikin-based simulation training on
teamwork among real teams during trauma resuscitation in adult emergency
departments : a systematic review

This systematic review synthesizes the relevant evidence about the effectiveness of interprofessional manikin-based simulation training on teamwork among real teams during trauma resuscitation in adult civilian emergency departments. A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, EBM reviews, PsycINFO, and Web of Science with no time limit. Only experimental and quasi-experimental studies were included. Effects of the simulation intervention on teamwork were categorized according to a modified version of the Kirkpatrick's model. From the 1120 studies found, 11 studies were included for synthesis. All studies showed immediate improvement in teamwork after training, but divergent results were found regarding skills retention. Although this review focused on interprofessional manikin-based simulations in real trauma teams, the results are similar to previous systematic reviews including different types of simulation. This raises significant questions regarding the importance of simulation design characteristics to improve teamwork in trauma care.

Keyphrases: High-fidelity simulation, Teamwork, Traumatology, Emergency service, Review
Estimation bayésienne d'une fonction de Pickands par des splines cubiques

Le sujet de notre mémoire est l'intersection entre deux domaines : La théorie des valeurs extrêmes (TVE) et les copules. L'objet de la TVE est de trouver la loi limite du maximum d'un échantillon. Grâce aux résultats de la TVE, on peut modéliser les phénomènes extrêmes. Par aillleurs, il existe une variante bivariée de la TVE. La variante bivariée de la TVE utilise une famille de copules appelées copules de valeurs extrêmes pour tenir compte de la liaison entre les deux phénomènes extrêmes. En dimension 2, toute copule de valeurs extrêmes dépend d'une fonction de Pickands. L'objet de notre mémoire est d'estimer la fonction de Pickands à partir de données. Nous avons trouvé un moyen de construire une fonction de Pickands grâce à des splines cubiques. À partir de cette construction, on obtient une famille élargie de fonctions de Pickands dans laquelle nous effectuons notre inférence statistique. Nous avons choisit l'approche bayésienne pour construire l'estimateur et les méthodes de MCMC pour les évaluations numériques. La méthode a été appliquée sur des données simulées et réelles. The subject of our thesis is intersection between two fields: The Extreme Value Theory (EVT) and copulas. The object of EVT is to find the limit law of the maximum of a sample. Due to the results of EVT, we can model extreme phenomena. In addition, there is a bivariate variant of EVT. The bivariate variant of EVT uses a family of copulas called extreme value copulas to account for the connection between the two extreme events. Any copula with extreme values depends on a Pickands function. The object of our thesis is to estimate the Pickands function from data. We have found a way to build a Pickands function using cubic splines. From this construction, we obtain an extended family of Pickands functions in which we perform our statistical inference. We chose the Bayesian approach to build the estimator and the MCMC methods for the estimates. The method was applied on simulated and real data.

Keyphrases: Copules de valeurs extrêmes, Fonction de Pickands, MCMC, MCMC, Extrem value copulas, Pickands Function
Excitations et ergodicité des chaînes de spins quantiques critiques à partir de la dynamique classique hors d’équilibre

Ce mémoire étudie le modèle quantique d’Ising-Kawasaki en une dimension. Cette chaîne quantique de spin-1/2 décrit la dynamique de Kawasaki hors d’équilibre d’une chaîne d’Ising classique couplée à un bain thermique. L’Hamiltonien est obtenu pour le cas général désor- donné avec des couplages d’Ising et champs magnétiques non-uniformes. Quand les champs magnétiques sont nuls, la chaîne de spin quantique est stochastique, et dépend des couplages d’Ising normalisés par la température du bain de chaleur. Dans le cas de couplages uniformes, nous donnons les états fondamentaux exacts de la chaîne de spin, ainsi que ses excitations à 1-magnon. Les solutions pour les spectres à deux magnons sont dérivées via une variante de l’Ansatz de Bethe. Dans le régime antiferromagnétique, les états de branche à deux magnons présentent un comportement complexe, notamment en ce qui concerne l’hybridation avec le continuum. L’analyse faite dans ce mémoire, combinée aux études précédentes, suggère que le système manifeste des dynamiques multiples à basse énergie, comme le montre la présence de plusieurs exposants critiques dynamiques. La distribution de l’espacement de l’ensemble des niveaux d’énergie est évaluée en fonction du couplage d’Ising. On conclut que le sys- tème est non-intégrable pour des paramètres génériques, ou de manière équivalente, que la dynamique classique hors équilibre correspondante est ergodique. We study a quantum spin-1/2 chain that is dual to the non-equilibrium Kawasaki dynamics of a classical Ising chain coupled to a thermal bath. The Hamiltonian is obtained for the general disordered case with non-uniform Ising couplings. The quantum spin chain is stoquastic, and depends on the Ising couplings normalized by the bath’s temperature. Proceeding with uniform couplings, we give the exact groundstates of the gapless spin chain, as well as its single-magnon excitations. Solutions for the two-magnon spectra are derived via a Bethe Ansatz scheme. In the antiferromagnetic regime, the two-magnon branch states show intricate behavior, especially regarding hybridization with the continuum. Our analysis, when combined with previous studies, suggests that the system hosts multiple dynamics at low energy as seen via the presence of multiple dynamical critical exponents. Finally, we analyze the full energy level spacing distribution as a function of the Ising coupling. We conclude that the system is non-integrable for generic parameters, or equivalently, that the corresponding non-equilibrium classical dynamics are ergodic.

Keyphrases: Chaînes de spins quantiques, ansatz de Bethe, exposants dynamiques critiques, dynamique d’hors d’équilibre classique de Kawasaki, intégrabilité, stoquasticité, Quantum spin chains, Kawasaki non-equilibrium classical dynamics, Integrability, Stoquasticity, Bethe ansatz, Dynamical critical exponents
Covariates of turnover intentions of teleworking call center agents in Québec during the COVID-19 pandemic

Les télétravailleurs de plusieurs centres d'appels au Québec ont fourni des données des questionnaires sur leurs diverses demandes au travail (mesurées par les facteurs de stress organisationnels, la charge mentale et la charge émotionnelle), les ressources au travail (mesurées par l'indépendance au travail, la participation et les relations avec les superviseurs) ainsi que pour les mesures des résultats de la satisfaction au travail, de l'engagement organisationnel et de l’intention de quitter. Les hypothèses structurées par le modèle Job Demands-Resources ont été testées à l'aide de méthodes corrélationnelles. Comme prévu, les ressources au travail étaient liées de façon significative à la fois à la satisfaction au travail et à l'engagement organisationnel perçu par l'échantillon. Les demandes au travail prédisaient la satisfaction au travail, mais elles n'étaient pas liées à l'engagement organisationnel. Les implications théoriques et pratiques de ces résultats ont été discutées. Teleworkers from multiple call centers in Québec provided questionnaire data about their various job demands (measured by organizational stressors, mental load, and emotional load), job resources (measured by independence in the work, participation, and relationship with supervisors) as well as for outcome measures of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions. Hypotheses structured by the JD-R model were tested using correlational methods. As predicted, job resources were significantly related to both job satisfaction and organizational commitment perceived by the sample. Job demands predicted job satisfaction, but they did not relate to organizational commitment. The theoretical and practical implications of these results were discussed.

Keyphrases: télétravailleurs, centres d'appels, intention de quitter, satisfaction au travail, engagement organisationnel, teleworkers, call centers, turnover intentions, job satisfaction, organizational commitment
Are older people living alone socially isolated? : a qualitative study of their experiences

This article discusses the experiences of social isolation among older people living alone. The current state of knowledge suggests that they are at a higher risk of social isolation which, in turn, can compromise their health and well-being to varying degrees. Yet, few qualitative studies have tried to understand the subjective experience of living alone and the ways it can impact older people’s relationships. The data presented here are based on 43 individual interviews with men and women aged 65 to 93 living alone in the Montreal area (Canada), and group discussions with 120 actors involved in intervention. The results showed that the majority of the participating older people did not see living alone as a problem. Their stories revealed the extent of their resilience and their ability to maintain satisfactory social relations with family and peers. However, for a minority, mostly men over 80 years old, solo living translated into being alone and could become problematic. The article presents reflections for social work intervention, inviting practitioners to consider different vulnerabilities affecting the capacity of older people living alone to maintain their social networks and highlighting the importance of fostering reciprocity in their relationships.

Keyphrases: Living alone, Social isolation, Qualitative study
Overcoming conversion therapy : a qualitative investigation of experiences of survivors

Les pratiques de réorientation sexuelle et de genre (PRSG), souvent appelées thérapies de conversion, sont des pratiques qui visent à changer, nier ou supprimer des orientations sexuelles non hétérosexuelles, et des expressions de genre et des identités de genre transgenres. Les PRSG sont inefficaces et sont associées à des conséquences psychosociales négatives. Cette étude qualitative adopte un devis descriptif interprétatif pour explorer comment les individus qui ont vécu des PRSG se remettent de ces pratiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené des entrevues approfondies avec 20 adultes canadiens ayant vécu des PRSG. À l’aide d’une analyse thématique, trois thèmes ont été dérivés sur la base des expériences de rétablissement des participants : 1) reconstruire son cercle de soutien social et trouver de la force dans les communautés lesbiennes, gaies, bisexuelles, transgenres, queers et bispirituelles (LGBTQ2S+) ainsi que dans celles soutenant les personnes LGBTQ2S+  ; 2) surmonter les PRSG grâce aux thérapies et aux soins médicaux affirmant les identités LGBTQ2S+ ; et 3) gérer les relations avec les instigateurs des PRSG. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous proposons des pistes de solutions afin de faciliter le processus de guérison des personnes qui subissent des PRSG. Sexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts (SOGIECE)—often referred to as conversion therapy—are practices that aim to change, deny, or suppress transgender and non-heteronormative sexual orientations, gender expressions and gender identities. SOGIECE are ineffective and associated with negative psychosocial consequences. This qualitative study follows an interpretative description design to explore how individuals who have experienced SOGIECE recover from these practices. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 Canadian adult participants with experiences of SOGIECE. Using thematic analysis of the data, three overarching themes were derived pertaining to participants’ recovery from SOGIECE: 1) rebuilding social support and finding strength in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and Two-Spirit (LGBTQ2S+) and LGBTQ2S+-affirming communities; 2) overcoming SOGIECE through affirming therapy and healthcare support; and 3) managing SOGIECE instigators. Based on these findings, we offer recommendations to facilitate the recovery process of people who experience SOGIECE.

Keyphrases: Personnes LGBTQ2S+, Orientation sexuelle, Identité de genre, Thérapie de conversion, Santé mentale, LGBTQ2S+ people, Sexual orientation, Gender identity, Conversion therapy, Mental health
Motivation, engagement et satisfaction des besoins psychologiques en formation initiale à l’enseignement lors des premières vagues de COVID-19

L’impact des cours en ligne sur la motivation, l’engagement dans les études et la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques lors des premières vagues de COVID-19 ont été examinés à partir d’un questionnaire rempli par un échantillon d’étudiants en formation initiale à l’enseignement d’une université francophone de la région de Montréal (Canada) (n = 272). L’analyse des données révèle que les participants ont été moins motivés et moins engagés et qu’ils sont plus difficilement parvenus à satisfaire leurs besoins psychologiques dans les cours en ligne que dans leur habituelle formation en présentiel. Ces résultats sont discutés dans la perspective de la littérature existante sur le sujet et des futurs développements de la formation en ligne. The impact of online courses on students’ motivation, academic engagement, and satisfaction of psychological needs during the first waves of COVID-19 was examined with a questionnaire administered to a sample of teachers in training (n = 272) of a French-speaking university in Montreal (Canada). Analysis of the data reveals that participants were less motivated, less engaged and had more problems meeting their psychological needs in online courses than in traditional face-to-face classes. These results are discussed from the perspective of literature currently available on the subject and future developments in online training.

Keyphrases: Motivation, Engagement, Besoins psychologiques, COVID-19, Formation à l’enseignement, Cours en ligne, Motivation, Engagement, COVID-19, Academic engagement, Psychological needs, Online courses, Teachers in training
Molecular interactions of tannic acid with proteins associated with SARS-CoV-2 infectivity

The overall impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on our society is unprecedented. The identification of small natural ligands that could prevent the entry and/or replication of the coronavirus remains a pertinent approach to fight the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Previously, we showed that the phenolic compounds corilagin and 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (TGG) inhibit the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 target receptor on the cell membrane of the host organism. Building on these promising results, we now assess the effects of these phenolic ligands on two other crucial targets involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and replication, respectively: transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors. Since corilagin, TGG, and tannic acid (TA) share many physicochemical and structural properties, we investigate the binding of TA to these targets. In this work, a combination of experimental methods (biochemical inhibition assays, surface plasmon resonance, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring) confirms the potential role of TA in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity through the inhibition of extracellular RBD/ACE2 interactions and TMPRSS2 and 3CLpro activity. Moreover, molecular docking prediction followed by dynamic simulation and molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) free energy calculation also shows that TA binds to RBD, TMPRSS2, and 3CLpro with higher affinities than TGG and corilagin. Overall, these results suggest that naturally occurring TA is a promising candidate to prevent and inhibit the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2.

Keyphrases: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Molecular dynamics, Polyphenols, RBD, TMPRSS2, 3CLpro