NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
A Romantic Bildung : the development of coming-of-age novels in the Romantic period (1782-1817)

A Romantic Bildung: The Development of Coming-of-Age Novels in the Romantic Period (1782-1817) explore la naissance et le développement du roman de formation en Europe à l’époque romantique. Celle-ci est le témoin de nombreuses discussions sur les Droits de l’homme et de la montée du nationalisme en Europe. Au même moment, la littérature se transforme pour laisser plus de place à la subjectivité du personnage. Tout cela donne naissance à un nouveau genre littéraire : le Bildungsroman, ou roman de formation et d’éducation. Contrairement à la définition actuelle du genre, le Bildungsroman est transnational, c’est-à-dire qu’il ne provient pas exclusivement d’Allemagne, mais de partout en Europe. A Romantic Bildung se penche donc sur le sujet en analysant de façon thématique la trame narrative de Cecilia, or Memoirs of an Heiress (1782), Emmeline, the Orphan of the Castle (1788), Mansfield Park (1814), Waverley; or, 'Tis Sixty Years Since (1814), Emma (1815), ainsi que d’Ormond, a Tale (1817) et sur leur appartenance au roman de l’époque romantique. En comparant les étapes d’éducation, d’indépendance, et de retour à la société des protagonistes, ces romans font ressortir les similitudes qui caractérisent le Bildungsroman. A Romantic Bildung: The Development of Coming-of-Age Novels in the Romantic Period (1782-1817) explores the birth and development of the Bildungsroman during the Romantic period. The latter is characterized by the numerous discourses on the Rights of men as well as the rise of nationalism. At the same time, Romantic writers transform literature by increasing the protagonist’s subjectivity and in turns, create a new genre of narrative: the Bildungsroman, in which the protagonist’s development and growth is the main focus. Contrary to current definition of the genre, the Bildungsroman—or coming-of-age novel—is a transnational product: it is obviously found in Germany, but also in France, England, Ireland, and Scotland, to name a few, during the Romantic period. Through a thematic analysis of Cecilia, or Memoirs of an Heiress (1782), Emmeline, the Orphan of the Castle (1788), Mansfield Park (1814), Waverley; or, 'Tis Sixty Years Since (1814), Emma (1815), and Ormond, A Tale (1815), A Romantic Bildung traces the narrative structure of the genre and it locates its essence in the Romantic novel. By comparing the narrative’s steps of education, independence, and return to society, the characteristics of the genre are revealed.

Keyphrases: Romantisme britannique, Bildungsroman, Roman de l'époque romantique, Subjectivité, Éducation, Bildungsroman, Jane Austen, Frances Burney, Maria Edgeworth, Sir Walter Scott, Charlotte Smith, British Romanticism, Romantic Novel, Subjectivity, Education
L’influence du système scolaire français sur le système scolaire iranien de l’inauguration de l’école Dar ol-Fonoun jusqu’à la fin de l’époque des Qâdjârs (1851-1925)

La présente thèse de recherche concerne l’évolution du système éducatif iranien à l’époque des Qâdjârs, et étudie notamment le rôle qu’y ont eu la France et les acteurs français. Il s’agit de mettre en, exergue l’influence du système éducatif français sur celui de l’Iran, sans pour autant être une comparaison de ces deux systèmes. Ce travail est une recherche historique, qui prend pour but d’étudier le processus de formation d’une structure scolaire moderne en Iran de 1851 à 1925.  En prenant contact avec l’Occident, l’Iran du début du XIXème siècle cherche à combler son retard par rapport aux pays européens industrialisés, en leur empruntant savoirs, technologies et méthodes. La mise en place d’un système éducatif radicalement différent de la structure préexistante des écoles coraniques, dites maktab, participe de ce mouvement et est vue par les élites progressistes comme une condition sine qua non à la modernisation du pays. Le modèle éducatif français leur apparait comme étant le meilleur à suivre, et avec lui se diffusent dans le pays la langue et la culture française.  Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous entendons d’abord analyser l’arrière-plan sociopolitique à la mise en place d’un nouveau système scolaire, via la fondation d’écoles modernes, en Iran. Nous tâchons ensuite d’étudier les modalités de mise en œuvre de ce système par les acteurs aussi bien étatiques que privés, tant français qu’iraniens. The present work concerns the evolution of the educational system in Iran during the Qâdjâr dynasty and the role the French state and French actors played in this evolution. It seeks to highlight the influence of the French educational system on that of Iran, while at the same time avoiding a comparison between the two systems. This is a work of historical research, that aims to study the process of the creation of a modern educational system in Iran between 1851 and 1925. In seeking out the West, early 19th century Iran looked to make up for its tardiness in relation to industrialised European nations by borrowing their knowledge, technology and methods. Putting in place an educational system radically different from the preexisting system based on Quranic schools, called maktab, was a part of this movement and was seen by the progressive elite as a necessary condition for the modernisation of the country. The French educational model seemed to them to be the best one to follow, and with it French language and culture spread throughout the country. In this doctoral thesis, I intend first to analyse the socio-political backdrop of the installation of this new educational system via the creation of modern schools in Iran. I will then look at the modalities of the implementation of the system by both state and private actors, both Iranian and French.

Keyphrases: Iran, France, Modernité, Iran, France, Iran, Education, Ecole, Iran, Education, School, Modernity
Patient satisfaction with E-Oral Health care in rural and remote settings: a systematic review protocol

BACKGROUND: Individuals living in rural and remote settings face oral health       problems and access-to-care barriers due to the shortage of oral health care       providers in these areas, geographic remoteness, lack of appropriate       infrastructure and lower socio-economic status. E-Oral Health technology could       mitigate these barriers by providing the delivery of some aspects of health care        and exchange of information across geographic distances. This review will       systematically evaluate the literature on patient satisfaction with received       E-Oral Health care in rural and remote communities. METHODS: This systematic       review will include interventional and observational studies in which E-Oral       Health technology is used as an intervention in rural and remote communities of       any country worldwide. Conventional oral health care will be used as a comparator       when provided. Patient satisfaction with received E-Oral Health care will be       considered as a primary outcome for this review. Cochrane Central Register of       Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health will be searched using a       comprehensive search strategy. Two review authors will independently screen       results to identify potentially eligible studies and independently extract the       data from the included studies. A third author will resolve any discrepancies       between reviewers. Two independent researchers will assess the risk of bias and       the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.       DISCUSSION: The potential implications and benefits of E-Oral Health care can       inform policymakers and health care professionals to take advantage of this       technology to address health care challenges in these areas.

Keyphrases: E-Health, E-Oral Health, Teledentistry, Rural and remote communities, Patient satisfaction
Visualisation de données dans le domaine de l’E-recrutement

La récente profusion des données, communément appelée Big Data, nécessite une analyse pertinente de ces larges volumes de données afin d’en tirer l’information utile nécessaire à la prise de décision. La visualisation de données se révèle à cet égard un moyen efficace pour transmettre cette information de façon interactive et synthétique. Le travail décrit dans ce mémoire qui constitue un volet du projet BPP, collaboration entre le RALI et la société LittleBigJob (LBJ), vise à répondre à ce besoin par l’implémentation d’un tableau de bord permettant la visualisation des offres d’emploi sur le web. Ces offres étant composées de plusieurs sections : titre de l’offre, compagnie qui recrute, description de l’offre, etc. Certaines informations contenues dans la description de l’offre ne peuvent pas être extraites directement. Ainsi, pour l’extraction des compétences citées dans une offre, nous utilisons les techniques de l’apprentissage automatique et plus particulièrement les champs markoviens conditionnels (CRF) utilisés pour l’étiquetage des séquences. Les expériences menées visent également à tester la capacité de ces modèles à trouver ces compétences dans la description de l’offre avec un ensemble d’entraînement partiellement étiqueté, d’une part parce que nous ne disposons pas d’une liste complète de compétences nécessaire à l’étiquetage, et d’autre part, parce que de nouvelles compétences apparaissent continuellement. The large amount of data available nowadays, so-called Big Data, requires a relevant analysis to derive information and get insights for decision making. Data visualization is an effective way to convey this information interactively and synthetically. This work, which is part of BPP Project, a collaboration between the RALI and LBJ, aims to meet this need by implementing a dashboard for visualization of job offers on the web. These offers consist of several sections: title, company, description, etc. Some information contained in the description cannot be extracted directly. Thus, for the extraction of skills from the description of an offer, we use machine learning techniques, especially Conditional Random Fields (CRF) used for sequence labeling. We also tested the ability of those models to find skills in the description of the offer with partial labeled training dataset, as we do not have a complete list of skills required for labeling, and also because new skills appear constantly.

Keyphrases: E-recrutement, Visualisation de données, Extraction d’information, Apprentissage automatique, E-recruitment, Data visualization, Information extraction, Machine learning
Modules réflexifs de rang 1 sur les variétés nilpotentes

Soit G un groupe algébrique linéaire complexe, simple, connexe et simplement connexe. Étant donné un sous-groupe parabolique P  G et un idéal nilpotent n  p, il existe un morphisme propre d’effondrement G x  P n  = Gn. Il se factorise en une variété affine et normale N := SpecC [G  P n] que nous appelons variété nilpotente. Sous l’hypothèse que l’effondrement soit génériquement fini, nous décrivons le groupe des classes de diviseurs équivariants de N à l’aide de C[N]-modules réflexifs équivariants de rang 1. Un représentant de chaque classe peut être choisi comme les sections globales d’un fibré en droite sur G  x P' n' où G x  P' n' =  Gn' est un effondrement possiblement distinct qui se factorise à travers la même variété nilpotente. Dans le cas où le groupe G est de type A ou dans le cas d’un effondrement provenant de certains diagrammes de Dynkin pondérés spécifiques, nous démontrons que les représentants proviennent de poids qui peuvent être choisis comme dominants. Dans ce cas, nous démontrons que si le module représente un élément torsion du groupe des classes, alors il est Cohen–Macaulay. Nous en déduisons un théorème d’annulation en cohomologie. Let G be a simple, connected, simply connected complex linear algebraic group with parabolic subgroup P  G and nilpotent ideal n  p. The proper collapsing map G  x P n  = Gn factors through the normal affine variety N := SpecC [G  x P n] which is called a nilpotent variety. Assuming the collapsing is generically finite, we describe the equivariant divisor class group of N using rank 1 reflexive equivariant C[N]-modules. A representative of each class may be chosen as global sections of a line bundle over G x  P' n' where G x  P' n' =  Gn' is a possibly distinct collapsing that factors through the same nilpotent variety. Assuming either G is of type A or the collapsing comes from specific weighted Dynkin diagrams,we showthat each representative arise from a weight that may be chosen dominant. Moreover, if the module represents a torsion element within the class group, then it is Cohen– Macaulay and we deduce a cohomological vanishing theorem.

Keyphrases: variété nilpotente normale, groupe des classes, module réflexif, théorème d'annulation, cohomologie de fibrés en droites, fibré cotangent d'une variété de drapeaux, normal nilpotent variety, class group, reflexive module, vanishing theorem, cohomology of line bundles, cotangent bundle of a flag variety
Une approche interdisciplinaire en composition musicale : dialogues et inspirations entre musique folklorique, textualité et arts visuels

Ce mémoire décrit une approche interdisciplinaire transposée à la composition musicale, s’appuyant sur le texte et les arts visuels, en passant par des principes humanistes. L’interdisciplinarité artistique est élaborée dans trois sections : premièrement, les arts visuels comme guide sonore explore les liens théoriques, esthétiques et philosophiques entre la musique et les arts visuels. Deuxièmement, la textualité à l’œuvre musicale élabore l’importance des mots et du langage comme guides aidant le compositeur et l’auditeur dans l’expérience musicale. Troisièmement, musique inclusive examine la musique folklorique et d’autres techniques de composition musicale avec l’intention de communiquer et de transmettre un message précis à l’auditeur. Ces trois idées sont ensuite appliquées dans une analyse détaillée de mes compositions musicales écrites dans le cadre de la maîtrise sous la supervision de Denis Gougeon. This memoire describes an interdisciplinary approach to musical composition using text and visual arts based on the principles of humanism. Artistic interdisciplinarity is elaborated in three sections: Firstly, Visual Arts as a Sonic Guide explores the theoretical, esthetic, and philosophical connections between music and visual arts. Secondly, The Textuality of the Musical Work elaborates the importance of words and language to lead the composer and the listener within the musical experience. Thirdly, Inclusive Music examines folkloric music and other compositional techniques that possess the intention of communicating and transmitting a specific message to the listener. These three ideas are then applied in a detailed analysis of my musical compositions written during the frame of my master’s under the supervision of Denis Gougeon.

Keyphrases: Musique, Folklorique, Interdisciplinarité, Texte, Poésie, Arts visuels, Composition, Humanisme, Graphisme, Text, Composition, Folkloric music, Interdisciplinarity, Accessibility, Communication, Text, Poetry, Visual arts, Humanism, Graphic design
Tissue regeneration in dentistry: can salamanders provide insight?

The ability to regenerate damaged tissues would be of tremendous benefit for medicine and dentistry. Unfortunately, humans are unable to regenerate tissues such teeth, fingers or to repair injured spinal cord. With an aging population, health problems are more prominent and dentistry is no exception as loss of bone tissue in the orofacial sphere from periodontal disease is on the rise. Humans can repair oral soft tissues exceptionally well, however hard tissues, like bone and teeth, are devoid of the ability to repair well or at all. Fortunately, Mother Nature has solved nearly every problem that we would like to solve for our own benefit and tissue regeneration is no exception. By studying animals that can regenerate, like Axolotls (Mexican salamander), we hope to find ways to stimulate regeneration in humans. We will discuss the role of the transforming growth factor beta cytokines as they are central to wound healing in humans and regeneration in Axolotls. We will also compare wound healing in humans (skin and oral mucosa) to Axolotl skin wound healing and limb regeneration. Finally, we will address the problem of bone regeneration and present results in salamanders which indicate that in order to regenerate bone you need to recruit non-bone cells. Fundamental research, such as the work being done in animals that can regenerate, offers insight to help understand why some treatments are successful while others fail when it comes to specific tissues such as bones.

Keyphrases: Regeneration, Wound healing, Axolotl, Periodontal disease, Dentistry, tgf-β
Senescence gives insights into the morphogenetic evolution of
anamniotes

Senescence represents a mechanism to avoid undesired cell proliferation that plays a role in tumor suppression, wound healing and embryonic development. In order to gain insight on the evolution of senescence, we looked at its presence in developing axolotls (urodele amphibians) and in zebrafish (teleost fish), which are both anamniotes. Our data indicate that cellular senescence is present in various developing structures in axolotls (pronephros, olfactory epithelium of nerve fascicles, lateral organs, gums) and in zebrafish (epithelium of the yolk sac and in the lower part of the gut). Senescence was particularly associated with transient structures (pronephros in axolotls and yolk sac in zebrafish) suggesting that it may play a role in the elimination of these tissues. Our data supports the notion that cellular senescence evolved early in vertebrate evolution to influence embryonic development.

Keyphrases: Axolotl, Evolution, Morphogenesis, Pronephros, Senescence, Zebrafish
Considering daily mobility for a more comprehensive understanding of contextual effects
on social inequalities in health : a conceptual proposal

Despite growing interest in integrating people’s daily mobility into contextual studies of social inequalities in health, the links between daily mobility and health inequalities remain inadequately conceptualized. This conceptual proposal anchors the relationship between daily mobility and contextual influences on social inequalities in health into the concept of mobility potential, which encompasses the opportunities and places individuals can choose (or are constrained) to access. Mobility potential is realized as actual mobility through agency. Being shaped by sociallypatterned personal and geographic characteristics, mobility potential is unequally distributed across social groups. Social inequalities in realized mobility may thus result. We discuss pathways by which these may contribute to contextual influences on social inequalities in health. One pathway is reflected in disadvantaged groups encountering more fast-food outlets during their daily activities, which may relate to their higher risk of unhealthy eating. This proposal lays the bases for empirical research explicitly testing hypotheses regarding the contribution of daily mobility to social inequalities in health.

Keyphrases: Conceptual, Context, Daily mobility, Neighborhood, Social inequality
The added value of accounting for activity space when examining the association between
tobacco retailer availability and smoking among young adults

Background: Despite a declining prevalence in many countries, smoking rates remain consistently high among young adults. Targeting contextual influences on smoking, such as the availability of tobacco retailers, is one promising avenue of intervention. Most studies have focused on residential or school neighbourhoods without accounting for other settings where individuals spend time, i.e., their activity space. We investigated the association between tobacco retailer availability in the residential neighbourhood and in the activity space and smoking status. Methods: Cross-sectional baseline data from 1,994 young adults (age 18-25) participating in the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking (Montreal, Canada, 2011-2012) were analyzed. Residential and activity locations served to derive two measures of tobacco retailer availability: counts within 500-meter buffers and proximity to the nearest retailer. Prevalence ratios for the association between each tobacco retailer measure and smoking status were estimated using log-binomial regression. Results: Participants encountering high numbers of tobacco retailers in their residential neighbourhood, and both medium and high retailer counts in their activity space, were more likely to smoke compared to those exposed to fewer retailers. While residential proximity was not associated with smoking, we found 36% and 42% higher smoking prevalences among participants conducting activities within medium and high proximity to tobacco retailers compared to those conducting activities further from such outlets. Conclusion: This study adds to the sparse literature on contextual correlates of smoking among young adults, and illustrates the added value of considering individuals’ activity space in contextual studies of smoking.

Keyphrases: Activity space, Context, Mobility, Neighborhood, Smoking, Tobacco retailer, Youth
Colloque interuniversitaire urbain - Interuniversity Urban Conferrence. Actes de colloque, Montréal, 15 au 17 mars 2017

Le Colloque Interuniversitaire Urbain/Interuniversity Urban Conference est un organisme à but non lucratif créé par les associations étudiantes dans les domaines de l’urbanisme et des études urbaines des universités montréalaises (Université de Montréal, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Université Concordia et Université McGill), afin de favoriser les discussions de l’urbain. Ainsi, par le partage des visions académiques et professionnelles, le Colloque interuniversitaire urbain met en valeur le travail des jeunes chercheur.es et favorise l’échange entre la recherche scientifique et la pratique du domaine de l’urbain. La thématique du colloque de 2017 a été sélectionnée afin d’alimenter les échanges portant sur notre milieu de vie et les éventuels défis auxquels les acteurs de l’urbain seront confrontés. De plus, dans le contexte du 375e anniversaire de Montréal, ce thème est l’occasion parfaite pour remettre en perspective les divers legs de la ville et les défis auxquels cette dernière devra répondre dans les années à venir. Sous l’égide des enjeux urbains de demain, jeunes chercheur.es, professionnel.les et enseignant.es seront amené.es à réfléchir et échanger sur les grands projets déjà annoncés et les défis anticipés.

Keyphrases: Ambiances, Odeurs, Marché, Rue, Conflits, Aménagement, Route verte, Paysage, Gentrification, Coopératives, Vietnam, Mobilité, Gouvernance, Ouagadougou, Bogota, Toronto, Économie circulaire, Appropriation, Grand-Montréal, Patrimoine, Laneways, Wet infrastructure, Transportation