NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Améliorer la compréhension et la gestion des conflits d’intérêts des experts conseillant la prise de décisions en santé publique

Au Québec, au Canada et ailleurs dans le monde, des comités consultatifs d’experts conseillent et orientent les décideurs gouvernementaux dans le choix de nouveaux médicaments, de vaccins à utiliser ou encore d’interventions à mettre en place. Parallèlement, ces experts bénéficient d’un appui de plus en plus important d’entreprises privées pour réaliser leurs recherches ou en diffuser les résultats. Cette situation les met à risque de conflits d’intérêts et peut, éventuellement, miner la confiance de la population envers la prise de décision publique. Cette étude de cas suscite des réflexions pertinentes quant à ce qui constitue une gestion saine et optimale des situations de conflits d’intérêts par les membres experts et les organisations dans lesquelles ils ont un rôle-conseil. In Québec, in Canada and elsewhere in the world, expert advisory committees advise and guide government decision-makers in the choice of new drugs, vaccines to be used or interventions to be put in place. In parallel, these experts are receiving increasing support from private companies to conduct their research or to disseminate the results of their research. Such situations place them at risk of conflicts of interest and may eventually undermine confidence in public decision-making. This case study stimulates reflection into what constitutes sound and optimal management of conflict of interest situations by expert members and the organizations in which they have an advising role.

Keyphrases: conflit d’intérêts, comité d’experts, immunisation, politiques publiques, santé de la population, vaccination, conflict of interest, expert committees, immunization, public policies, population health, vaccination
Les différences dans les tactiques de «grooming» entre les agresseurs sexuels d’enfants intrafamiliaux et extrafamiliaux

Objectif : L’agression sexuelle est un sujet très répandu dans la littérature. Celle-ci fait notamment ressortir deux différents types de délits sexuels, soit intrafamiliaux et extrafamiliaux. Outre ces différences, il existe bon nombre de distinctions quant aux délits sexuels, dont le processus de passage à l’acte que l’on peut aussi nommer grooming. L’objectif de cette étude était donc d’approfondir les différences qui peuvent exister entre les délits sexuels intrafamiliaux et extrafamiliaux quant au processus de grooming. Concrètement, ces distinctions permettront de cibler les besoins des délinquants en matière de traitement visant ainsi à diminuer le risque de récidive sexuelle.  Méthode : Afin de permettre l’approfondissement de ces connaissances, des études de cas ont été menées dans le cadre d’un stage clinique réalisé au Service correctionnel du Canada. Des entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées auprès de quatre hommes ayant commis des agressions sexuelles sur des enfants et/ou adolescents.  Résultats : Les résultats ont identifié un certain nombre de distinctions dans le processus de grooming, entre les délinquants sexuels intrafamiliaux et extrafamiliaux. Ces distinctions indiquent que le traitement devrait prendre en compte le processus de grooming spécifique à chaque délinquant afin de mieux personnaliser l’intervention visant à réduire le risque de récidive. Object : Sexual aggression is an issue that gathers much attention in the scientific literature. Within this context, it is well established sexual crimes against children include intrafamilial and extrafamilial offenses. Further distinctions can also be found within the process of grooming – a process designed to obtain victims. The object of this study was to investigate the differences that exist in the grooming process between intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual offending. These distinctions will help improve interventions designed to reduce the likelihood of future sexual offending. Method : Case studies were conducted within the framework of a clinical internship in the Correctional Service Canada. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four men who had committed sexual offenses against children or teenagers. Results: The findings identified a number of distinctions between intrafamilial and extrafamilial offenders in their process of grooming. These distinctions indicate that treatment should take in account the grooming process specific to the offender in order to better personalize intervention designed to reduce the risk of reoffending.

Keyphrases: agresseur sexuel d’enfants intrafamilial, agresseur sexuel d’enfants extrafamilial, Sexual grooming, intrafamilial sexual offender, extrafamilial sexual offender
Pelvic-Floor Rehabilitation, Part 2 : Pelvic-Floor Reeducation With Interferential Currents and Exercise in the Treatment of Genuine Stress Incontinence in Postpartum Women : A Cohort Study

Background and Purpose. This descriptive cohort study investigated a physical therapy program of pelvic-floor neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) combined with exercises, with the aim of developing a simple, inexpensive, and conservative treatment for postpartum genuine stress incontinence (GSI). Subjects. Eight female subjects with urodynamically established GSI persisting more than 3 months after delivery participated in the study. The subjects ranged in age from 24 to 37 years (X̅=32, SD=4.2). Methods. This was a descriptive multiple-subject cohort study. Each subject received a total of nine treatment sessions during 3 consecutive weeks, consisting of two 15-minute sessions of NMES followed by a 15-minute pelvic-floor muscle exercise program. Patients also practiced daily pelvic-floor exercises during the 3-week treatment period. The treatment intervention was measured using three separate variables. Maximum muscle contractions (pretraining, during training, and posttraining) were measured indirectly as pressure, using perineometry. Urine loss pretraining and posttraining was measured by means of a Pad test. Self-reported frequency of incontinence was recorded daily throughout the period of the study, using a diary. Data were analyzed using a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, and a Friedman two-way ANOVA by ranks. Results. The results indicated that maximum pressure generated by pelvic-floor contractions was greater and both the quantity of urine loss and the frequency of incontinence were lower following the implementation of the physical therapy program. Five subjects became continent, and three others improved. A follow-up survey 1 year later confirmed the consistency of these results. Conclusion and Discussion. The results suggest that the proposed physical therapy program may influence postpartum GSI. Further studies are needed to validate this simple, inexpensive, and conservative physical therapy protocol.

Keyphrases: Electrode position, Genuine stress incontinence, Interferential currents, Neuromuscular electrical stimulation, Pelvic floor, Pelvic-floor exercises, Perineometer, Postpartum
Pelvic-Floor Rehabilitation, Part 1 : Comparison of Two Surface Electrode Placements During Stimulation of the Pelvic-Floor Musculature in Women Who Are Continent Using Bipolar Interferential Currents

Background and Purpose. Electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor is used as an adjunct in the conservative treatment of urinary incontinence. No consensus exists, however, regarding electrode placements for optimal stimulation of the pelvic-floor musculature. The purpose of this study was to compare two different bipolar electrode placements, one suggested by Laycock and Green (L2) the other by Dumoulin (D2), during electrical stimulation with interferential currents of the pelvic-floor musculature in continent women, using a two-group crossover design. Subjects. Ten continent female volunteers, ranging in age from 20 to 39 years (X̅=27.3, SD=5.6), were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. Methods. Each study group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the pelvic-floor musculature using both electrode placements, the order of application being reversed for each group. Force of contraction was measured as pressure (in centimeters of water [cm H2O]) exerted on a vaginal pressure probe attached to a manometer. Data were analyzed using a two-way, mixed-model analysis of variance. Results. No difference in pressure was observed between the two electrode placements. Differences in current amplitude were observed, with the D2 electrode placement requiring less current amplitude to produce a maximum recorded pressure on the manometer. Subjective assessment by the subjects revealed a preference for the D2 electrode placement (7 of 10 subjects). Conclusion and Discussion. The lower current amplitudes required with the D2 placement to obtain recordings comparable to those obtained with the L2 technique suggest a more comfortable stimulation of the pelvic-floor muscles. The lower current amplitudes required also suggest that greater increases in pressure might be obtained with the D2 placement by increasing the current amplitude while remaining within the comfort threshold. These results will help to define treatment guidelines for a planned clinical study investigating the effects of NMES and exercise in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence in women postpartum.

Keyphrases: Bipolar technique, Electrode position, Interferential currents, Pelvic-floor, Pelvic-floor electrostimulation, Vaginal pressure probe
Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique. Cahier 3

Ce cahier de recherche fait état des travaux menés au cours de la troisième étape (2015-2016) du projet « Archives et création : nouvelles perspectives sur l’archivistique ». Les textes sont les suivants : Yvon Lemay et Anne Klein, « Introduction », p. 4-9 ; Ana Pato, « How to speak of trauma? », p. 10-34 ; Annaëlle Winand, « Matériau temporel et images tactiles : l’archive dans Western Sunburn de Karl Lemieux », p. 35-50 ; Anne Klein, « Des archives au théâtre : Sauvageau Sauvageau de Christian Lapointe », p. 51-77 ; Mattia Scarpulla, Les archivistes dansent. Description et analyse de Les gestes de nos mémoires, performance littéraire sur la gestion des archives, p. 78-130 ; Simon Côté-Lapointe, « Diffusion des archives et création : un bilan d’expérience », p. 131-161 ; Yvon Lemay et Anne Klein, « Archives et création : bilan et suites de la recherche », p. 162-200. De plus, le cahier comprend une « Bibliographie » des travaux effectués sur les archives et la création depuis 2007, p. 201-209, et des informations sur « Les auteurs », p.210.

Keyphrases: 3e Biennale de Bahia, Brésil, Archive, Archives, Archives audiovisuelles, Archives publiques de l’État de Bahia, Brésil, Archivistique, Art contemporain, Cinéma expérimental, Danse contemporaine, Diffusion, Films de réemploi, Musée de la police (Service de la police scientifique, État de Bahia, Brésil), Musée Estácio de Lima, Traumatisme, Vidéomusique, 3rd Bahia Biennale, Brazil, Archival science, Audiovisual archives, Contemporary Art, Contemporary dance, Estácio de Lima Museum, Experimental Cinema, Found footage films, Outreach, Police Museum (Scientific Police Department of the State of Bahia, Brazil), Public Archive of the State of Bahia, Brazil, Trauma, Videomusic
Changes in urethral sphincter size following rehabilitation in older women with stress urinary incontinence

Introduction and hypothesis  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pelvic floor muscle (PFM) rehabilitation program on the striated urethral sphincter in women over 60 years with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We hypothesized that the PFM rehabilitation program would also exercise the striated urethral sphincter and that this would be demonstrated by hypertrophy of the sphincter on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).   Methods  Women with at least weekly episodes of SUI were recruited. Participants were evaluated before and after a 12-week group PFM rehabilitation intervention with T2-weighted fast-spin-echo MRI sequences recorded in the axial plane at rest to assess urethral sphincter size. Data on SUI symptoms and their bother were also collected. No control group was included.   Results  Seventeen women participated in the study. The striated urethral sphincter increased significantly in thickness (21 %, p < 0.001), cross-sectional area (20 %, p = 0.003), and volume (12 %, p = 0.003) following the intervention. The reported number of incontinence episodes and their bother also decreased significantly.   Conclusions  This study appears to demonstrate that PFM training for SUI also trains the striated urethral sphincter and that improvement in incontinence signs and symptoms is associated with sphincter hypertrophy in older women with SUI. These findings support previous ultrasound (US) data showing an increase in urethral cross-sectional area following PFM training and extend the previous findings by more specifically assessing the area of hypertrophy and by demonstrating that older women present the same changes as younger women when assessed using MRI data.

Keyphrases: Urethral sphincter, Pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation, Magnetic resonance imaging
Introduction : Hubert Aquin et les médias

Hubert Aquin est sans aucun doute une des figures les plus importantes du paysage culturel québécois. Ses écrits romanesques, novellistiques, et essayistiques, abondamment diffusés grâce à l’Édition critique de l’oeuvre d’Hubert Aquin (ÉDAQ), ont fait l’objet d’innombrables études qui ont contribué à la reconnaissance et à la consécration de l’auteur. Il en va cependant autrement pour les radiothéâtres, les téléthéâtres, et les films scénarisés, réalisés et produits par Aquin. Pour la plupart inédits, ils ont rarement été pris en considération par la critique aquinienne [...]

Keyphrases: Aquin, Hubert, Littérature québécoise, Médias, Téléthéâtre, Cinéma, Radio
Pareto Dominance of Deferred Acceptance through Early Decision

An early decision market is governed by rules that allow each student to apply to (at most) one college and require the student to attend this college if admitted. This market is ubiquitous in college admissions in the United States. We model this market as an extensive-form game of perfect information and study a refinement of subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE) that induces undominated Nash equilibria in every subgame (SPUE). Our main result shows that this game can be used to define a decentralized matching mechanism that weakly Pareto dominates student-proposing deferred acceptance.

Keyphrases: Early decision, Pareto dominance, Decentralized market, Subgame perfect equilibrium, Subgame perfect undominated Nash equilibrium, Costly application
Ouvrir le livre et voir l’écran : pratiques littéraires et pratiques numériques

Ce dossier s’intéresse à la manière dont s’entrelacent littérature et numérique dans la littérature contemporaine. Puisque le numérique teinte l’ensemble des pratiques humaines, la littérature fait partie des lieux qu’elle investit. Ainsi, la question autour de laquelle s’articulent les textes de ce dossier est donc la suivante : comment pratiques littéraires et pratiques numériques peuvent-elles dialoguer aujourd’hui, et que peut-on dire des interactions qui découlent de ces échanges ? Il ne s’agit pas d’affirmer que toute la production littéraire contemporaine développe un discours sur le numérique, mais bien que les nouvelles possibilités de lecture et d’analyse qui nous sont offertes méritent d’être analysées et mises à l’épreuve. This special issue looks at the ways in which digital technologies have affected literature. Digital technologies have infiltrated all human pratices ; literature among them. The questions at the core of our reflexions are the following : how are literature and digital technologies connected ? What conclusions can we draw in light of these interactions ? We are not arguing that the whole of contemporary literature revolves around digital technologies, but rather that digital technologies have yielded new ways of understanding and analyzing literature which are deserving of our attention.

Keyphrases: Littérature contemporaine, Théorie de la littérature, Production des contenus, Culture numérique, Écritures numériques, Continuité, Éditorialisation
Le fait littéraire au temps du numérique. Pour une ontologie de l’imaginaire

Souvent conçues comme le vecteur de changements majeurs, les pratiques numériques constituent une occasion de mieux comprendre le fait littéraire en faisant apparaître de manière plus explicite que jamais des aspects ontologiques qui, en tant que tels, ont une valeur atemporelle. En particulier, et c’est l’objet de cet article, le fait numérique donne l’occasion de réinvestir une problématique qui parcourt l’ensemble de la réflexion sur le statut de la littérature depuis Platon et Aristote : celle du rapport entre littérature et réalité, dont Sartre et Derrida avaient déjà œuvré à déconstruire l’opposition au XXe siècle. Selon nous, le numérique souligne l’absence de séparation entre symbolique et non-symbolique, nous empêchant de penser une rupture entre imaginaire et réel. Pour rendre compte de cette structure, nous nous appuierons sur le concept d’éditorialisation, qui vient désigner l’ensemble des dispositifs permettant la production de contenus dans l’espace numérique en tenant compte de la fusion entre espace numérique et espace non numérique. À travers des exemples littéraires – Traque Traces de Cécile Portier et Laisse venir d’Anne Savelli et Pierre Ménard – nous démontrerons comment la littérature participe aujourd’hui à l’éditorialisation du monde, enterrant ainsi définitivement le dualisme imaginaire-réel pour lui préférer une structure anamorphique. Often considered a vector for major change, digital practices represent an opportunity through which to better understand literature and literary space by revealing, more explicitly than ever before, ontological elements that have, as such, timeless value. In particular, and as is the focus of this article, digital creation offers an opportunity to revive a debate that has persisted throughout the history of thought on the status of literature dating back to Plato and Aristotle : that of the relationship between literature and reality, the opposition of which Sartre and Derrida had already sought to deconstruct during the 20th century. We find that digital space highlights the absence of separation between symbolic and non-symbolic, thereby preventing us from considering a break between imaginary and reality. To address this structure, we turn to the concept of editorialization, which refers to the set of devices that allow for content production in digital space while accounting for the fusion of digital and non-digital spaces. Through literary examples – Traques Traces by Cécile Portier and Laisse venir by Anne Savelli and Pierre Ménard – we will demonstrate how literature today participates in editorializing the world, therefore definitively burying the imaginary-reality binary in favour of an anamorphic structure.

Keyphrases: Littérature numérique, Imaginaire-réel, Production des contenus, Théorie de la littérature, Espace numérique, Imaginaire, Réel, Éditorialisation, Google Street View, Google Maps, Digital literature, Espace architectural, Mimesis, Imaginary, Reality, Editorialization, Sartre, Jean-Paul, Derrida, Jacques
Differences in pelvic floor morphology between continent, stress urinary incontinent, and mixed urinary incontinent elderly women : an MRI study

Aims  To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvic floor musculature (PFM), bladder neck and urethral sphincter morphology under three conditions (rest, PFM maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and straining) in older women with symptoms of stress (SUI) or mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) or without incontinence.   Methods  This 2008–2012 exploratory observational cohort study was conducted with community-dwelling women aged 60 and over. Sixty six women (22 per group), mean age of 67.7 ± 5.2 years, participated in the study. A 3 T MRI examination was conducted under three conditions: rest, PFM MVC, and straining. ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests (data not normally distributed) were conducted, with Bonferroni correction, to compare anatomical measurements between groups.   Results  Women with MUI symptoms had a lower PFM resting position (M-Line P = 0.010 and PC/H-line angle P = 0.026) and lower pelvic organ support (urethrovesical junction height P = 0.013) than both continent and SUI women. Women with SUI symptoms were more likely to exhibit bladder neck funneling and a larger posterior urethrovesical angle at rest than both continent and MUI women (P = 0.026 and P = 0.008, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups on PFM MVC or straining.   Conclusions  Women with SUI and MUI symptoms present different morphological defects at rest. These observations emphasize the need to tailor UI interventions to specific pelvic floor defects and UI type in older women.

Keyphrases: aging, morphology, MRI, pelvic floor, pelvic organ support, urinary incontinence, women
Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women : a short version Cochrane systematic review with meta-analysis

Background  Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is a commonly used physical therapy for women with urinary incontinence (UI).   Objectives  To determine the effects of PFMT for women with UI in comparison to no treatment, placebo or other inactive control treatments.   Search Methods  Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialized Register, (searched 15 April 2013).   Selection Criteria  Randomized or quasi-randomized trials in women with stress, urgency or mixed UI (based on symptoms, signs, or urodynamics).   Data Collection and Analysis  At least two independent review authors carried out trial screening, selection, risk of bias assessment and data abstraction. Trials were subgrouped by UI diagnosis. The quality of evidence was assessed by adopting the (GRADE) approach.   Results  Twenty-one trials (1281 women) were included; 18 trials (1051 women) contributed data to the meta-analysis. In women with stress UI, there was high quality evidence that PFMT is associated with cure (RR 8.38; 95% CI 3.68 to 19.07) and moderate quality evidence of cure or improvement (RR 17.33; 95% CI 4.31 to 69.64). In women with any type of UI, there was also moderate quality evidence that PFMT is associated with cure (RR 5.5; 95% CI 2.87–10.52), or cure and improvement (RR 2.39; 95% CI 1.64–3.47).   Conclusions  The addition of seven new trials did not change the essential findings of the earlier version of this review. In this iteration, using the GRADE quality criteria strengthened the recommendations for PFMT and a wider range of secondary outcomes (also generally in favor of PFMT) were reported.

Keyphrases: pelvic floor muscle training, urinary incontinence, women