NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Impacts à la tête au hockey sur glace : effets du jeu sécuritaire, de l’agressivité et de l’historique de commotions cérébrales chez les adolescents québécois

L’utilisation de casques instrumentés pour la mesure des forces d’impact à la tête au hockey est une méthode novatrice permettant d’obtenir plusieurs informations essentielles par rapport au mécanisme des commotions cérébrales. L’objectif principal de cette étude était de déterminer dans quelle mesure les impacts à la tête des joueurs de hockey sont associés à la connaissance du jeu sécuritaire, l’agressivité et l’historique de commotions cérébrales. La fréquence et la force des impacts ont été enregistrées à l’aide d’un capteur accélérométrique dans chaque casque chez 23 joueurs de hockey scolaire québécois pendant 26 matchs de saison régulière. Le « Safe-Play Questionnaire » et le « Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale » ont été utilisés afin de mesurer la connaissance du jeu sécuritaire et l’agressivité. Nos résultats démontrent que les joueurs ayant un historique de commotion cérébrale plus important recevaient des impacts avec des forces rotationnelles maximales plus grandes que les joueurs avec un historique moins important (β=0,329, p= 0,038). Une tendance a été observée entre la connaissance du jeu sécuritaire et le « Head Injury Criterion », telle que les joueurs avec des connaissances du jeu sécuritaire plus élevées avaient tendance à subir des impacts avec un HIC plus bas. Le niveau d’agressivité des joueurs n’était pas associé à la fréquence ou à la force des impacts. Ces résultats devraient guider le raffinement des protocoles d’éducation et de sensibilisation pour la prévention des commotions cérébrales au hockey sur glace. The use of instrumented hockey helmets to measure head impacts provides valuable information on concussion mechanisms. This study sought to evaluate the potential associations between head impacts and player safe-play knowledge, aggression and concussion history. During this pilot study, 23 Québec school hockey players were followed for 26 games during which accelerometer mounted helmets were used to measure head impact frequency and force. The Safe-Play Questionnaire and the Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale were used to measure levels of safe-play and aggression. Our results showed that players with a greater concussion history suffered impacts with greater rotational velocity peaks (β=0,329, p= 0,038). Furthermore, players higher safe-play knowledge showed a trend towards head impacts with lower Head Injury Criterion (HIC). Player aggression was not found to be linked to frequency or force of head impacts. Further studies and interventions should keep focusing on education and sensitization in order to reduce concussion incidence in ice hockey.

Keyphrases: Impact à la tête, Accéléromètre, Hockey, Commotion cérébrale, Hockey, Head impact, Accelerometer, Concussion
The forgotten role of the rationality principle in economics

This paper aims to show that, throughout the history of economics, an increasingly wide gap has developed between the rationality principle, usually considered as the fundamental principle of economic science, and the notion of rationality that progressively became a standard component of any model of modern microeconomics. This claim is illustrated through an analysis of the various ways in which ‘rationality’ was understood from classical economics to contemporary debates where axioms such as transitivity and independence, which contemporary economists associate with the notion of rationality, are subjected to a number of devastating critiques. Another claim of this paper is that, while these critiques put the modern notion of rationality seriously into question, they leave the rationality principle undamaged since they were typically made in the name of that principle. It concludes with an argument emphasising the underestimated importance of the rationality principle for economics.

Keyphrases: Rationality principle, Modelling, Decision, Maximization, Consistency
Étude floristique des Îles des Rapides de Lachine

Le présent mémoire, fruit de près de trois années de travail intensif, se veut une étude complète et détaillée de la flore vasculaire des îles des rapides de Lachine, comté de Verdun, soit l'île au Héron, l'île aux Chèvres, l'île au Diable et l'île Rock. Ce secteur du fleuve Saint-Laurent constitue une hydrosère du domaine climacique de l 'érablière à caryers et, à ce titre, les îles des rapides de Lachine sont caractérisées par une haute arboraie d' Ulmus rubra et Celtis occidentalis. Après avoir traité des aspects historique, géologique et géographique du territoire, la méthodologie et le système de nomenclature employés et illustrés au cours de la présente étude sont soigneusement décrits: la méthode des transects d'inventaire et la floristique nomenclaturale . Différents aspects de l'écologie végétale locale sont ensuite discutés et une image réaliste de la florule est illustrée par une coupe floristique longitudinale de l'île au Héron. Suit la liste annotée complète de toutes les plantes vasculaires qui, depuis la première récolte que Holmes y effectua en 1821, ont été recensées sur le petit archipel et dont l'ensemble des résultats sont synthétisés par un résumé statistique. Pour couronner ce travail , la dernière section est consacrée à une étude synthétique de la flore des îles du fleuve Saint-Laurent, sises dans les limites de l'archipel d'Hochelaga. Cette dernière section vise à rassembler et à résumer le fruit des 33 dernières années d'études floristiques menées dans cette région, en l'occurence sur l 'île Sainte-Hélène , l 'île des Soeurs, les îles de la Paix, l'île Sainte-Thérèse, l'île Perrot et les îles des rapides de Lachine.

Keyphrases: Botanique, Québec (Province), Lachine, Iles des rapides de, Botany
Visual fixation in the intensive care unit: a strong predictor of post-traumatic amnesia and long-term recovery after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury

Objective: We examined whether visual fixation at 24h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission is superior to the initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score to predict PTA duration and long-term TBI recovery. Design: Two-phase cohort study. Setting: Level I trauma ICU. Patients: Moderate-to-severe TBI discharged alive between 2010-2013. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Presence/absence of visual fixation at 24h of ICU-admission was determined through standard behavioral assessments in 181 TBI patients and compared to the GCS score to predict PTA duration during hospitalization (Phase 1) and performance on the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) 10-40 months after (n=144; Phase 2a). A subgroup also completed a visual attention task (n=35; Phase 2b) and brain magnetic resonance imaging post-TBI (n=23; Phase 2c). Presence/absence of visual fixation at 24h of ICU-admission showed a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 82% and an AUC of 0.87 for the prediction of PTA duration. Visual fixation (AUC=0.85) was also found as performant as PTA (AUC=0.81; difference-between-AUC=0.04; 95%CI:-0.03-0.116; p=0.28) for the prediction of GOS-E scores. Conversely, the GCS score was a poor predictor of both PTA and GOS-E. Even when controlling for age/medication/CT scan findings, fixation remained a significant predictor of GOS-E scores (=-0.29, p<0.05). Poorer attention performance and increased regional brain volume deficits were also observed in participants who could not fixate 24h following ICU-admission versus those who could. Conclusions: Visual fixation within 24h of ICU-admission could be as performant as PTA for predicting TBI recovery, introducing a new variable of interest in TBI outcome research.

Keyphrases: Traumatic brain injury, Visual fixation, Post-traumatic amnesia, Outcome prediction, Magnetic resonance imaging
Insertion tardive du contenu sémantique des traits fonctionnels

Je propose que le contenu sémantique des catégories fonctionnelles soit inséré post-syntaxiquement et cycliquement, de façon similaire à ce qui est proposé pour le contenu phonologique en nanosyntaxe. Dans cette approche, le lexique pré-syntaxique est composé exclusivement d'indices dénués de contenu phonologique ou sémantique. L'opération Merge est libre, et les constituants syntaxiques sont directement lexicalisés (Phrasal Spell-Out) de façon indépendante à chacune des interfaces. Comme alternative à une Séquence Fonctionnelle (Fseq) en tant que contrainte syntaxique sur les outputs de Merge (Starke 2001), je propose une façon de réencoder la Fseq en termes de sélection sémantique. Je montre ensuite comment l'Universel 20 (Greenberg 1963; Cinque 2005 ) peut être dérivé sans stipuler la Fseq en syntaxe. Cette architecture simplifie l'interface à PF et permet une analyse élégante de divers phénomènes morphologiques non concaténatifs tels que l'apophonie et l'infixation en éliminant le besoin pour des règles de réajustement. I propose that the semantic content of functional categories be inserted post-syntactically and cyclically, in a manner analogous to what is assumed within nanosyntax for the phonological content. Under this approach, the pre-syntactic lexicon is comprised exclusively of indices devoid of phonological or semantic content. The Merge operation applies freely, and the syntactic constituents are directly spelled out (Phrasal Spell-Out) in an independent manner at each interface. As an alternative to a Functional Sequence (Fseq) qua syntactic constraint on the outputs of Merge (Starke 2001), I propose a way to reencode the Fseq in terms of semantic selection. I then show how Universal 20 (Greenberg 1963; Cinque 2005 ) can be derived without stipulating the Fseq in syntax. This architecture simplifies the interface at PF and provides an elegant analysis for various non concatenative morphological phenomena such as apophony and infixation, obviating the need for readjustment rules.

Keyphrases: Conditions d’interfaces, Nanosyntaxe, Lexicalisation des constituants, Nanosyntax, Phrasal Spell-Out, Insertion tardive, Universel 20 de Greenberg, Interface conditions, Nanosyntax, Late Insertion, Phrasal Spell-Out, Greenberg Universal 20
Are NREM sleep characteristics associated to subjective sleep complaints after mild traumatic brain injury?

Sleep complaints are common after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). While recent find-ings suggest that sleep macro-architecture is preserved in mTBI, features of non-rapid eye movement(NREM) sleep micro-architecture including electroencephalography (EEG) spectral power, slow waves(SW), and sleep spindles could be affected. This study aimed to compare NREM sleep in mTBI and healthycontrols, and explore whether NREM sleep characteristics correlate with sleep complaints in these groups.Methods:Thirty-four mTBI participants (mean age: 34.2±11.9 yrs; post-injury delay: 10.5±10.4 weeks)and 29 age-matched controls (mean age: 32.4±8.2 yrs) were recruited for two consecutive nights ofpolysomnographic (PSG) recording. Spectral power was computed and SW and spindles were automat-ically detected in three derivations (F3, C3, O1) for the first three sleep cycles. Subjective sleep qualitywas assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results:mTBI participants reported significant poorer sleep quality than controls on the PSQI and showedsignificant increases in beta power during NREM sleep at the occipital derivation only. Conversely, nogroup differences were found in SW and spindle characteristics. Interestingly, changes in NREM sleepcharacteristics were not associated with mTBI estimation of sleep quality.Conclusions:Compared to controls, mTBI were found to have enhanced NREM beta power. However, thesechanges were not found to be associated with the subjective evaluation of sleep. While increases in betabands during NREM sleep may be attributable to the occurrence of a brain injury, they could also be relatedto the presence of pain and anxiety as suggested in one prior study

Keyphrases: Brain injury, Electroencephalography, Sleep, Slow oscillations, Sleep spindles
Does age matter? A mixed methods study examining determinants of good recovery and resilience in young and middle-aged adults following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury

Aim: To examine whether age contributes to functional recovery and resilience after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).  Background: The ability to recover from TBI may change across the lifespan, but the influence of age on TBI outcome is understudied.  Design: Mixed methods study.  Methods: All adults of working-age (18-64 years), discharged alive from a Level 1 trauma center between 2010-2013 after sustaining a moderate-to-severe TBI were considered. Functional recovery was assessed during a telephone interview with the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) 12-36 months post-injury. A subgroup completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and a face-to-face interview about resilience.  Results: Ninety-seven young (27±9 years; 75% male) and 47 middle-aged TBI survivors (53±6 years; 75% male) completed the GOS-E. Eight young and 5 middle-aged adults were also assessed for resilience. Overall, young participants experienced more severe head injuries. Yet, they achieved slightly higher levels of functional recovery (as per GOS-E) compared to middle-aged ones (6±2 vs. 5±2). Controlling for CT scan findings and post-traumatic amnesia duration, age was not found to predict functional recovery in adults of working age. Although both groups showed similar levels of resilience (as per CD-RISC), young participants discussed the challenges related to “having more time on their hands” and “being a changed person”, two elements that were perceived positively by middle-aged ones.  Conclusion: While age does not appear to affect the potential for functional recovery in adults of working-age, younger TBI could benefit from nursing interventions to strengthen their resilience process related to re-employment orientation and identity.

Keyphrases: Traumatic brain injury, Recovery, Resilience, Age, Young adults, Middle-aged
A longitudinal investigation of sleep and daytime wakefulness in children and youth with concussion

A high proportion of adults who sustain a concussion identify changes in their sleep during the acute stage, typically reporting an increased need for sleep or nonrestful sleep. Our understanding of sleep following concussion is less well understood within a pediatric population. In this study, we investigated the trajectory of sleep and daytime sleepiness in a prospective cohort of 40 children and youth (6–18 years old) with concussion, 40 age-and sex-matched healthy children and youth, and 40 with upper-extremity orthopedic injury. Evaluations occurred during the acute stage (<2 weeks) and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month postinjury using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and the Postconcussion Symptom Scale. There were no significant differences within- or between-group differences in sleep across all four time points with analysis of the groups as a whole. When groups were divided by age (6–11 and 12– < 18 years), there was a significant difference in the ability to initiate sleep for the younger concussed group during the acute stage, compared with healthy controls, as well as significantly greater daytime nap duration that decreased over time. Significant correlations were also found between the frequency and duration of daytime naps and Postconcussion Symptom Scale total score and subscores (cognitive, physical/migraine, mood, and sleep) in the concussed group during the acute stage. Our results suggest that in a group with noncomplicated concussion, children and youth have transient alterations in daytime sleepiness that are related to concussion symptoms. Younger children may be more vulnerable to disturbances in sleep and daytime wakefulness.

Keyphrases: Concussion, Sleep, Daytime wakefulness, Longitudinal, Children, Youth
Rapport annuel 2016-2017

Rapport annuel des activités de la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal en 2016-2017.

Keyphrases: Bibliothèques, Rapport annuel
Rapport annuel  2017-2018

Rapport annuel des activités de la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal en 2017-2018.

Keyphrases: Bibliothèques, Rapport annuel
Brain white matter damage and its association with neuronal synchrony during sleep

The restorative function of sleep partly relies on its ability to deeply synchronize cerebral networks to create large slow oscillations observable with EEG. However, whether a brain can properly synchronize and produce a restorative sleep when it undergoes massive and widespread white matter damage is unknown. Here, we answer this question by testing 23 patients with various levels of white matter damage secondary to moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries (ages 18–56; 17 males, six females, 11–39 months post-injury) and compared them to 27 healthy subjects of similar age and sex. We used MRI and diffusion tensor imaging metrics (e.g. fractional anisotropy as well as mean, axial and radial diffusivities) to characterize voxel-wise white matter damage. We measured the following slow wave characteristics for all slow waves detected in N2 and N3 sleep stages: peak-to-peak amplitude, negative-to-positive slope, negative and positive phase durations, oscillation frequency, and slow wave density. Correlation analyses were performed in traumatic brain injury and control participants separately, with age as a covariate. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found that greater white matter damage mainly over the frontal and temporal brain regions was strongly correlated with a pattern of higher neuronal synchrony characterized by slow waves of larger amplitudes and steeper negative-to-positive slopes during non-rapid eye movement sleep. The same pattern of associations with white matter damage was also observed with markers of high homeostatic sleep pressure. More specifically, higher white matter damage was associated with higher slow-wave activity power, as well as with more severe complaints of cognitive fatigue. These associations between white matter damage and sleep were found only in our traumatic brain injured participants, with no such correlation in controls. Our results suggest that, contrary to previous observations in healthy controls, white matter damage does not prevent the expected high cerebral synchrony during sleep. Moreover, our observations challenge the current line of hypotheses that white matter microstructure deterioration reduces cerebral synchrony during sleep. Our results showed that the relationship between white matter and the brain’s ability to synchronize during sleep is neither linear nor simple.

Keyphrases: White matter, Sleep, NREM sleep, Traumatic brain injury
L'accessibilité universelle dans les institutions culturelles : une réponse durable aux changements des besoins du public

Problématique : Le vieillissement de la population et les politiques d’inclusion sociales incitent les institutions culturelles à revoir leurs modalités d’accès à l’information dans une optique durable. Un besoin d’adaptation informationnelle s’impose pour les citoyens vivant avec une déficience visuelle. L’objectif de cette étude vise à démontrer la pertinence du recourt à l’accessibilité universelle. Méthode : Une entrevue semi-structurée, appuyée sur un guide d’entrevue et menée auprès d’une personne vivant avec une déficience visuelle, vise à répondre aux questions entourant l’accessibilité architecturale et intellectuelles. Le répondant est considéré comme un expert d’usage selon le concept de De Varine (2002), ce qui signifie que les membres de la communauté étudiée sont les plus à même d’avoir une expertise sur leurs pratiques. Résultat : Les résultats du pré-test des instruments sont présentés. L’analyse des données recueillies a permis d’extraire trois aspects de l’expérience de la situation de visite de l’expert d’usage : l’accès physique, l’accès intellectuel et l’accès idéal. La mise en place de facilitateurs basés sur les principes de l'accessibilité universelle apporterait une solution aux situations de handicap vécues dans les institutions culturelles. Conclusion : L’accès à l’information durable au sein des institutions culturelles dépend de la connaissance des besoins particuliers propres à la communauté des personnes vivant avec une déficience visuelle. Le recourt à l'accessibilité universelle est une stratégie pertinente pour le futur des institutions culturelles.

Keyphrases: Accessibilité universelle, Stratégies d’accès durables, Institutions culturelles, Personnes ayant une déficience visuelle, Pratiques institutionnelles, Médiation culturelle
Blind adults’ perspectives on technical problems and solutions when using technology

This study investigated the technical difficulties and technical assistance that blind adults experienced when interacting with computers and computing applications.  Methods: The study utilized surveys in French and English, delivered either online or as emailed Microsoft Word documents. The questions focused on the frequency, nature, and causes of issues.  Results: Fifty-six people using sight substitution technology participated in the survey. Regarding types of problems experienced, 66% were solved without help from sighted people. Of those that were unsolvable without sighted help, differences were found between English-speaking Americans and French Canadians. French Canadian respondents mostly indicated usability issues (65%). Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicate that the most cited technical problems related to upgrading or switching to new operating systems and inaccessible content.

Keyphrases: Blind adults, Technology, Accessibility, Professional development
Archives orales de la Convention du patrimoine mondial : entrevue menée avec Abdelaziz Touri par Christina Cameron et Petra Van Den Born

Originaire du Maroc, Abdelaziz Touri est un archéologue et historien de l’art islamique. Diplômé de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne, il a travaillé au Ministère de la Culture du Maroc en tant que Directeur du patrimoine culturel de 1987 à 2000, puis comme Secrétaire général de 2000 à 2007. Sa carrière l’a également conduit à s’impliquer au sein de recherches et de fouilles archéologiques, en plus d’occuper le poste de Directeur adjoint de l’Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine du Maroc de 1986 à 1988, où il est aujourd’hui professeur. Auteur de plusieurs ouvrages portant sur les sites du patrimoine mondial marocains ainsi que sur l’archéologie, le patrimoine et le dialogue interculturel dans le bassin méditerranéen, il a notamment co-publié Le Maroc Andalou (Eddif, 2000). Abdelaziz Touri a fait partie de la délégation marocaine pour le patrimoine mondial de 1992 à 2005 et a été élu président de la 23e session du Comité à Marrakech en 1999.   Les extraits audio suivants sont issus d’une entrevue menée avec Abdelaziz Touri par Christina Cameron et Petra Van Den Born en juin 2011 au siège de l’UNESCO à Paris. Il y raconte sa vision du patrimoine mondial à travers son expérience en tant que membre de la délégation marocaine et président du Comité. Notamment, il appelle à une meilleure représentativité de la Liste du patrimoine mondial, à une plus grande solidarité entre les États parties et à un retour aux idéaux humanistes de la Convention. Il commente également d’un œil bienveillant mais critique les forces et faiblesses des organisations consultatives et du Centre du patrimoine mondial.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine mondial