NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'encadrement du droit à l'information des actionnaires en contexte d'offres publiques d'achat hostiles

La protection des actionnaires est au cœur de la réglementation du marché des prises de contrôle. Ces opérations en général et les offres publiques d’achat en particulier se caractérisent par une relation tripartite entre un initiateur, les actionnaires et la direction de la cible. Lorsqu’elles sont hostiles, l’existence des conflits d’intérêts se conjugue à l’asymétrie informationnelle entre les parties impliquées pour favoriser le recours aux opportunismes qui placent les actionnaires dans une situation de grande vulnérabilité face aux initiateurs et à la direction. Ce mémoire vise à mettre en lumière les mécanismes par lesquels le droit canadien des offres publiques d’achat tente de réglementer ces opérations afin de garantir aux actionnaires de la cible dont les titres sont sollicités l’accès à une information complète et fiable afin de leur permettre de prendre une décision éclairée. De manière plus précise, il examine sous l’angle de l’analyse économique du droit de quelle manière les règles d’encadrement de leur droit à l’information, tout en cherchant à contrer les comportements opportunistes, visent à leur assurer un égal accès à une information complète d’une part et d’autre part contribuent à garantir la fiabilité de l’information transmise aux actionnaires dans ces opérations. The principal purpose of take-over bids regulation is the protection of the target’s securityholders. Hostile take-over bids are characterised by a tripartite relationship between a bidder, shareholders and the management of the target. In such a context, conflicts of interest are combined with the information asymmetry between parties involved to favor the use of opportunism that places shareholders in a situation of great vulnerability. This thesis aims to highlight the mechanisms by which the Canadian take-over bid law attempts to regulate these transactions in order to ensure that the target shareholders whose securities are sought have access to a comprehensive, complete and reliable information that enable them to make an enlighten (informed) decision. More specially, it examines from an economic analysis of law, the way in which the rules governing their right to information, while seeking to counter opportunistic behavior, tend to ensure that they have equal access to a complete information on one hand and on the other, seek to guarantee the reliability of the information transmitted to the target securityholders in these transactions.

Keyphrases: Offres publiques d'achat, Protection des actionnaires, Gouvernance d'entreprise, Droit à l'information, Marchés financiers, Fusions/Acquisitions, Hostile tender offer, Takeover bids, Protection of the securityholders, Corporate governance, Right to information, Mergers and acquisitions, Financial markets
Social support and symptom severity among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder or panic disorder with agoraphobia: A systematic review

Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia (PD/A) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are characterized by major behavioral dysruptions that may affect patients’ social and marital functioning. The disorders’ impact on interpersonal relationships may also affect the quality of support patients receive from their social network. The main goal of this systematic review is to determine the association between social or marital support and symptom severity among adults with PD/A or OCD. A systematic search of databases was executed and provided 35 eligible articles. Results from OCD studies indicated a negative association between marital adjustment and symptom severity, and a positive association between accommodation from relatives and symptom severity. However, results were inconclusive for negative forms of social support (e.g. criticism, hostility). Results from PD/A studies indicated a negative association between perceived social support and symptom severity. Also, results from studies using an observational measure of marital adjustment indicated a negative association between quality of support from the spouse and PD/A severity. However, results were inconclusive for perceived marital adjustment and symptom severity. In conclusion, this systematic review generally suggests a major role of social and marital support in PD/A and OCD symptomatology. However, given diversity of results and methods used in studies, more are needed to clarify the links between support and symptom severity among patients with PD/A and OCD.

Keyphrases: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Panic disorder, Agoraphobia, Social support, Marital adjustment, Accommodation, Expressed emotion
Evaluation of an education and training program to
prevent and manage patients’ violence in a mental
health setting : a pretest-posttest intervention study

Workplace violence can lead to serious consequences for victims, organizations, and society. Most workplace violence prevention programs aim to train staff to better recognize and safely manage at-risk situations. The Omega education and training program was developed in Canada in 1999, and has since been used to teach healthcare and mental health workers the skills needed to effectively intervene in situations of aggression. The present study was designed to assess the impact of Omega on employee psychological distress, confidence in coping, and perceived exposure to violence. This program was offered to 105 employees in a psychiatric hospital in Montreal, Canada. Eighty-nine of them accepted to participate. Questionnaires were completed before the training, after a short period of time (M = 109 days) and at follow-up (M = 441 days). Repeated-measures ANOVAs and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in short-term and follow-up posttest scores of psychological distress, confidence in coping, and in levels of exposure to violence. This study is one of very few to demonstrate the positive impact of this training program. Further research is needed to understand how to improve the effectiveness of the program, especially among participants resistant to change.

Keyphrases: Aggression, Psychiatric hospital, Psychological distress, Confidence in coping, Education and training program, Violence
Evaluation of the Dawson College shooting psychological intervention: moving toward a multimodal extensive plan

In 2006, following the shooting at Dawson College, the authorities implemented an intervention plan. This provided an opportunity to analyze the responses to services offered, and afforded a learning opportunity, which led to the proposal of an extensive multimodal short- and long-term psychological plan for future needs. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered 18 months after the event, involving the participation of 948 students and staff. Mental health problems and the perception of services offered after the shooting were investigated, using standardized measures. Second, focus groups and individual interviews were conducted among a subgroup of participants (support team members; teachers and employees; students and parents) and permitted to gather data on services received and services required. Individual report of events, the extent of psychological impact and services offered and received were analyzed in terms of the following dimensions: intervention philosophy, training, ongoing offer of services and finally, detection and outreach. A significant incidence of disorders and a high rate of exacerbation of preexisting mental disorders were observed within the 18 months following the shooting. Postimmediate and short-term intervention appeared adequate, but the long-term collective vision toward community support and availability of mental health services were lacking. Lessons learned from this evaluation and other school shootings suggest that preparedness and long-term community responses are often overlooked. A multimodal extensive plan is proposed based on a theoretical model from which interventions strategies could be drawn.

Keyphrases: Posttraumatic intervention, School shooting, Trauma, PTSD, Mental health
Responsible Conduct of Research in Research-Creation: Moving into Uncharted Terrain

Responsible conduct of research (RCR) is ubiquitous, and present in most areas of research. One area that has received little attention is Research-Creation (RC): • an emergent  eld at the interface of academic research and creative activities • in Quebec, Canada, RC is de ned as “research activities or approaches that foster the creation or interpretation/ performance of literary or artistic works of all types” Researcher-Creators – who are at the same time researchers and practising artists, musicians, or designers – may be faced with very di erent issues or challenges from colleagues in the rest of academia. • How do researcher-creators reconcile their dual obligations to creation and to research? • Are the usual research ethics guidelines (e.g., TCPS2, ICH relevant and how do they apply? • How do the creative/artistic dimensions of research a ect evaluations by grant committees and REBs? To better understand how RCR issues are articulated in the very heterogeneous RC community, we combine here results from a literature review and an international survey on RCR in RC.

Keyphrases: Responsible conduct of research, Research-creation, Survey, Literature review
Responsible conduct of research-creation: a portrait of an uncharted field of research

Responsible conduct of research (RCR) is ubiquitous, and present in most areas of research. One area that has received little attention is Research-Creation (RC): • an emergent  eld at the interface of academic research and creative activities • in Quebec, Canada, RC is de ned as “research activities or approaches that foster the creation or interpretation/ performance of literary or artistic works of all types” Researcher-Creators – who are at the same time researchers and practising artists, musicians, or designers – may be faced with very di erent issues or challenges from colleagues in the rest of academia. • How are RCR issues are articulated in RC? • How does the heterogeneous RC community responds to institutional policies or provincial/national RCR guidelines? This review aimed to identify and categorize RCR issues, and RC-speci c factors.

Keyphrases: Responsible conduct of research, Research-creation, Survey, Literature review
Assessment of the psychosocial predictors of health-related quality of life in a PTSD clinical sample

Although a wide array of the scientific literature explores the links between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, coping strategies, and social support and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as an outcome variable, their connections remain unclear. It is unknown whether PTSD symptom severity, coping strategies, and social support explain each a unique portion of variance of HRQoL of individuals with PTSD. In the current study, based on pretreatment results of a broader study assessing a specific intervention for PTSD, 94 individuals with PTSD were screened for psychiatric disorders and completed several questionnaires concerning social support, coping strategies, PTSD symptoms, and HRQoL. Coping strategies, social support, and PTSD all appeared to be predictors of HRQoL; however, PTSD seemed to constitute the major predictor among these variables. Indeed, coping strategies and social support did not explain a unique share of variability of HRQoL beyond that of PTSD symptomatology. A causal pathway integrating these variables should be tested in future studies.

Keyphrases: Posttraumatic stress disorder, Health-related quality of life, Social support, Coping strategies, Correlational study, Clinical sample
Relative efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy administered by videoconference for posttraumatic stress disorder : a six-month follow-up

Until recently, only one study was published on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individual therapy via videoconference (Germain, Marchand, Bouchard, Drouin, & Guay, 2009); however, it only assessed the posttreatment effect. This study presents the follow-up of Germain et al.’s (2009) study. The main goal was to compare the effectiveness after six months of CBT for PTSD either face-to-face (n = 24) or by videoconference (n = 12). Each participant received CBT for 16 to 25 weeks and completed various questionnaires before and after treatment and at a six-month follow-up. The two treatments had equivalent levels of symptom reduction (Modified PTSD Symptom Scale: η2 < 0.01, p > .05) and proportion of patients with a clinically significant change in symptoms (42% for face-to-face vs. 38% for videoconferencing, p > .05). Thus, CBT for PTSD via videoconference seems to be a viable alternative when adequate face-to-face treatments are less available.

Keyphrases: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Diverse trauma, Telepsychotherapy, Videoconference
La remédiation du jeu de rôle sur table vers les plateformes virtuelles : enquête sur les usages émergents à la disposition du maître de jeu 2.0

Le jeu de rôle sur table a plus de quarante ans et ce n’est qu’aujourd’hui qu’il entame sa première révolution technologique. Appuyée d’une enquête qualitative par questionnaires conduite sur les réseaux sociaux du Québec, cette recherche confirme une opinion favorable et un virage déjà amorcé vers l’incorporation de périphériques et de logiciels autour de la table de jeu de rôle. Seuls le jeu distanciel et les tables virtuelles font moins consensus, eux qui amenuisent le contact humain et le rapport à l’objet tangible, ou qui rapprochent le jeu de rôle sur table un peu trop près du jeu vidéo.  Ce mémoire analyse les tensions entre jeu et récit à l’intérieur de l’écosystème social et observe comment ces systèmes expérientiels interdépendants sont affectés par le choix et la manipulation des dispositifs technologiques qui sont introduits. Il place le designer industriel orienté vers l’utilisateur comme un maître de jeu 2.0 qui se sert de l’objet numérique pour se rapprocher de l’humain. Pen and paper roleplaying is more than forty years old and it undertakes its first technological revolution only now. Building on a qualitative survey conducted over Québec social media, this research confirms a shift toward using digital hardware and software in roleplaying games and a positive opinion in general about them. Only long distance play sessions with virtual tabletops garner less extensive agreement, where human contact and emotional relationship with dice and miniatures are hampered, or because they bring tabletop roleplaying too closely to video games.  This master’s degree thesis investigates the tension between game and story inside a social ecosystem and observes how interlinked experiential systems are affected by choosing technological devices. It situates the user-centered industrial designer as a game master 2.0 that wields digital objects to get closer to human players.

Keyphrases: Jeu, Jeu de rôle, Design de jeu, Design orienté vers l'utilisateur, Remédiation, Approche systémique, Maître de jeu, Table virtuelle, Technologie, Gamemastering, Play, Roleplaying game, Game design, User-centered design, Remediation, Systemic approach, Game master, Virtual tabletop, Technology
La prise en compte de la décroissance démographique dans la planification territoriale : le cas de Saint John, Nouveau-Brunswick

La littérature sur les shrinking cities met en évidence la difficulté qu’éprouvent les communautés à reconnaître le caractère structurel de la décroissance démographique. Alors que la prise en compte de scénarios de décroissance dans la planification territoriale permettrait d’augmenter la résilience des territoires, cette pratique demeure marginale dans les communautés à risque. Ce mémoire rédigé sous la forme d’un article scientifique a pour objectif de questionner la faisabilité d’une prise en compte de la décroissance dans la planification territoriale par le biais d’une étude de cas de la ville de Saint John au Nouveau-Brunswick. À partir de l’analyse des documents de planification récents de la Ville et de seize entretiens avec les acteurs clés de l’aménagement, de la politique municipale et du développement économique du Grand Saint John réalisés en 2014, nous montrons qu’une telle prise en compte de la décroissance dans la planification est possible, mais qu’elle résulte d’un ensemble complexe de circonstances. À Saint John, la déception collective causée par l’annulation d’un important projet de raffinerie et le leadership du département d’urbanisme de la ville ont permis d’initier un changement de culture au sein de la communauté et de surmonter le caractère tabou de la décroissance démographique. Previous research highlighted how most shrinking communities tend to fail to acknowledge the structural nature of population decline, a position that hinders the adoption of adequate planning policies. This case study of Saint John, a shrinking city from Atlantic Canada, questions the feasibility of adopting planning policies tailored for population decline. Drawing from the analysis of the city’s most recent planning documents and sixteen interviews conducted in 2014 with elected officials, planners and key informants from the economic development sector of the Greater Saint John, we argue that it is possible to plan for scenarios of sustained population decline or stagnation but only under a special set of circumstances. In Saint John, the collective deception that followed the cancellation of a refinery project acted as a catalyst for a culture change in the community. This event, successfully leveraged by the city’s planning department, allowed the community to overcome the stigma of population decline. The results of this master’s thesis are presented in the form of a scientific article.

Keyphrases: Décroissance démographique, Shrinking cities, Nouveau-Brunswick, Saint John, Smart shrinking, Saint John, Plan SJ, Demographic decline, New-Brunswick
Mécanismes de pluralisme juridique et utilisation paradoxale du droit : le postmodernisme de l'État français en Nouvelle-Calédonie

L’État français n’est pas épargné par les bouleversements sociopolitiques caractéristiques du XXIe siècle. Dans ses territoires outremer, et particulièrement sur la collectivité sui generis de Nouvelle-Calédonie, territoire pluriethnique et berceau de revendications autonomistes autochtones depuis les années 1970, les valeurs républicaines peinent à trouver leur place. Les difficultés qui découlent de l’inadéquation des principes modernes européens à certaines valeurs océaniennes engendrent de surcroit des problèmes d’effectivité puis de légitimité du droit. Le monisme et le positivisme qui le caractérisent en métropole n’ont pas réellement de sens dans ce territoire du bout du monde. L’existence d’un pluralisme juridique - où la coexistence du droit de l’État français avec le droit calédonien et le droit civil coutumier-  laisse place à l’établissement de mécanismes qui le consacrent partiellement. Par ailleurs, le contexte de décolonisation dans lequel se trouve le pays voit se développer des revendications autonomistes autochtones qui s’approprient le droit et parviennent dans une certaine mesure à l’utiliser contre l’État. Les mécanismes du pluralisme juridique et cette utilisation singulière du droit démontrent l’évolution postmoderne de la structure étatique française. The French state has not avoided the various sociopolitical disruptions experienced by the international affairs of the 21st century. In its overseas territories, and particularly on the sui generis New-Caledonian territory, where multiculturalism is endemic and autonomist aspirations have been flourishing since the 1970s, French-republican values struggle to set up. The difficulties that result from the inadequacy of modern European principles engender some issues regarding the effectiveness and the legitimacy of the law. The monism and positivism that characterize the law in France do not really make sense on this “other side of the world” territory. The existence of legal pluralism – the coexistence of State law with the Caledonian law and the civil customary law – gives way to the establishment of mechanisms partially supporting this legal pluralism. Moreover, the context of decolonization in which the territory is gives place to the development of indigenous autonomist claims which manage to take over the law and to a certain extent use it against the State. Developed legal pluralism mechanisms as well as the singular use of the law that takes place in New-Caledonia demonstrate a postmodern evolution of the French state structure.

Keyphrases: État français, pluralisme juridique, postmodernisme, revendications politique, utilisations du droit, peuple autochtone kanak, French state, legal pluralism, postmodernism, political claims, use of law, Kanak indigenous people
Ethnographie des politique linguistiques éducationnelles en Géorgie : le programme de géorgien langue seconde en contextes arméniens et azéris

Vouloir comprendre comment le langage, les politiques et la planification sont transmis des niveaux macro aux micro contextes est aussi devoir regarder à travers des manières et occasions dans cet ensemble va être interprété et mis en oeuvre. C’est aussi regarder à travers le temps, les contextes d’interaction dans lesquels se meuvent les politiques linguistiques étant issus de contextes interactionnels précédents. Pour bien saisir ces interactions complexes, nous vous présentons dans ce texte une approche multidisciplinaire issue des récents apports théoriques de la linguistique appliquée, l’ethnographie de la politique linguistique, utilisé dans le cadre d’une recherche dans des communautés arméniennes et azéries ayant dans accès au programme de Géorgien Langue Seconde implanté par l’État. L’objectif de ce texte est d’explorer les espaces de mise en oeuvre ouverts, remplis et fermés par les politiques et planifications linguistiques en constructions continues. Cette exploration, comme nous le suggérons, doit se faire par en explorant les diverses lois officielles qui régissent le système d’éducation linguistique, mais aussi leurs origines et comment les agents créent, interprètent et mettent en oeuvre leurs propres politiques linguistiques en réponse. Comprendre comment les acteurs font usage des espaces de mise en oeuvre est aussi comprendre comment les macro politiques linguistiques sont instanciées dans micro contextes. To understand how language and policies and planning are transmitted from the macro to the micro-level contexts, one must look through the multiple manners and occasions they will be interpreted and implemented. It is also taking a look through time, the contexts of interaction in which the language policies move and are derived from previous interactional contexts. In order to understand these complex interactions, we present a multidisciplinary approach based on the recent theoretical contributions of applied linguistics, the ethnography of language policy, used in research in Armenian and Azeri communities with access to the Georgian as a Second Language program established by the State. The aim of this research is to explore spaces that are opened, filled, and closed by language policy and planning under continuous construction. This exploration, as we suggest, must be done by exploring the various laws that govern the linguistic education system, but also their origins and how agents create, interpret and implement their own language policies in response. Understanding how actors make use of the implementation spaces is also to understand how linguistic macro-policies are instantiated in micro contexts.

Keyphrases: Espace de mise en oeuvre, Ethnographie de la politique linguistique, Géorgie, Politique et planification linguistique, Minorités linguistiques, Ethnography of Language Policy, Implementational space, Georgia, Language policy and planning, Linguistic minorities