NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Using AB designs with nonoverlap effect size measures to support clinical decision-making : a Monte Carlo validation

Single-case experimental designs often require extended baselines or the withdrawal of treatment, which may not be feasible or ethical in some practical settings. The quasi-experimental AB design is a potential alternative, but more research is needed on its validity. The purpose of our study was to examine the validity of using nonoverlap measures of effect size to detect changes in AB designs using simulated data. In our analyses, we determined thresholds for three effect size measures beyond which the type I error rate would remain below 0.05 and then examined whether using these thresholds would provide sufficient power. Overall, our analyses show that some effect size measures may provide adequate control over type I error rate and sufficient power when analyzing data from AB designs. In sum, our results suggest that practitioners may use quasi-experimental AB designs in combination with effect size to rigorously assess progress in practice.

Keyphrases: AB design, Effect size, Power, Single-case design, Type I error rate, Validity
Research on technological interventions for young children with autism spectrum disorders : a scoping review

Researchers have widely reported using technological interventions to support young children with autism spectrum disorder. Given the abundance and diversity of research on the topic, the authors conducted a scoping review of 158 studies published from 1994 to 2019 to provide a current state of the literature and guide future research. Overall, the results indicate that video modeling, communication aids, and discrete trial instruction have been the topic of the most studies in the research literature. Moreover, most researchers have used single-case designs and combined technology with some type of adult provided support. Findings suggest that future studies should compare the use of different devices and interventions directly together while better isolating the unique contribution of technology when evaluating its effects.

Keyphrases: Autism, Intervention, Early childhood, Scoping review, Technology
La congestion veineuse comme déterminant des interactions cardio-rénales et cardio-intestinales en insuffisance cardiaque aiguë

Les interactions entre coeur défaillant et organes périphériques sont centrales pour la compréhension de la variabilité de la présentation clinique, de la progression et du pronostic du syndrome insuffisance cardiaque. La congestion veineuse est considérée comme un des éléments les plus importants qui sous-tendent les interactions cardio-rénales et cardio-intestinales, faisant du retour à l’euvolémie un objectif majeur de la prise en charge du patient décompensé. De fait, la caractérisation non invasive du statut volémique permettrait d’optimiser la prise en charge en facilitant l’adaptation du traitement déplétif au cas par cas. L’objectif de ce travail est d’explorer l’effet délétère de la congestion veineuse chez le patient insuffisant cardiaque, en particulier en termes de dysfonction des organes cibles, et de répertorier l’intérêt de l’échographie multi-site pour la caractérisation du statut volémique dans cette population. Venous congestion has been shown to play a major role in worsening renal function in acute decompensated heart failure, and recent data have challenged the assumption that end-organ dysfunction was driven by other hemodynamic alterations in patients with heart failure. Decongestion is thus considered as a major therapeutic goal in the management of patients with acute heart failure. As such, real-time assessment of patient’s fluid status may allow for a better management of patients with heart failure, enabling for a personalized management. The aim of this work is to explore the deleterious effect of venous congestion in patient with heart failure, particularly in terms of end-organ dysfunction. We also aimed to characterize the role of extra cardiac ultrasound for the assessment of the volume status in patients with heart failure.

Keyphrases: Congestion, Statut volémique, Pression Veineuse Centrale, Insuffisance Cardiaque, Échographie multi-site, Congestion, Volume status, Central venous pressure, Heart failure, Extra cardiac ultrasound
Élaboration et validation d’une base de données haute résolution destinée à la calibration d’un patient virtuel utilisable pour l’enseignement et la prise en charge personnalisée des patients en réanimation pédiatrique

La complexité des patients de réanimation justifie le recours à des systèmes d’aide à la décision thérapeutique. Ces systèmes rassemblent des protocoles automatisés de prise en charge permettant le respect des recommandations et des simulateurs physiologiques ou patients virtuels, utilisables pour personnaliser de façon sécuritaire les prises en charge. Ces dispositifs fonctionnant à partir d’algorithmes et d’équations mathématiques ne peuvent être développés qu’à partir d’un grand nombre de données de patients. Le principal objectif de cette thèse était la mise en place d’une base de données haute résolution automatiquement collectée de patients de réanimation pédiatrique dont le but sera de servir au développement et à la validation d’un simulateur physiologique : SimulResp©. Ce travail présente l’ensemble du processus de mise en place de la base de données, du concept jusqu’à son utilisation. The complexity of the patients in the intensive care unit requires the use of clinical decision support systems. These systems bring together automated management protocols that enable adherence to guidelines and virtual physiological or patient simulators that can be used to safely customize management. These devices operating from algorithms and mathematical equations can only be developed from a large number of patients’ data. The main objective of the work was the elaboration of a high resolution database automatically collected from critically ill children. This database will be used to develop and validate a physiological simulator called SimulResp© . This manuscript presents the whole process of setting up the database from concept to use.

Keyphrases: Base de données, Réanimation, Système d’aide à la décision, pédiatrie, modèle informatique, big data, Database, Intensive care unit, clinical decision support system, children, computational model
Des enseignants du secondaire aux prises avec des transformations corporelles et langagières transcontextuelles et socialement situées

Que se passe-t-il lorsque l’enseignant du secondaire se situe à distance de classe de ses élèves ? Quid de cette rencontre où le premier n’est pas familier des seconds ? Et à quel point les expériences socialisatrices de l’enseignant pèsent-elles sur sa pratique ? Ou encore : le contexte d’exercice et ses contraintes spécifiques sont-ils susceptibles de provoquer chez lui un ensemble de transformations ? Voilà quelques-unes des questions auxquelles nous nous intéressons dans ce travail. Plus exactement, la thèse suivante est posée : les enseignants transforment et ajustent partiellement leurs dispositions – corporelles et langagières – selon le contexte d’action et les caractéristiques socio-culturelles des élèves auxquels ils s’adressent. Celle-ci s’appuie sur un travail exploratoire. Mais aussi sur une campagne d’entretiens avec des enseignants du secondaire. Les informations recueillies dans ce cadre constituent le cœur du matériau exploité. Plus précisément, ce travail propose d’une part de comprendre et d’expliquer les formes de socialisations et de transformations – corporelles et langagières – des enseignants qui se réalisent ou non en fonction des contextes de travail où ils évoluent. Et d’autre part d’explorer les difficultés des enseignants à se transformer et à s’adapter à leurs élèves. What happens when the secondary school teacher is at a distance from his students? When teacher and students are not familiar ? How much are the teacher's social experiences about his practice ? These are some of the questions that interest us in this work. Teachers transform and partially adjust their dispositions. This is based on exploratory work. But also on a campaign of interviews with secondary school teachers. The information collected in this context is the heart of the material used in this thesis. This work offers describe, understand and explain the forms of socializations and transformations - bodily and language - teachers who are fulfilled according to the work contexts. And explore the difficulties of teachers to transform and adapt to their students.

Keyphrases: Sociologie de l'éducation, Enseignants, Dispositions, Langage, Inégalités, Inéqualities, Dispositions, Corps, Sociology of education, Teachers, Body, Language
Interprofessional collaborative practice and law : a reflective analysis of 14 regulation structures

Background: Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is a key element of an efficienthealthcare system. Are healthcare systems structured to facilitate IPC?  Methods and findings: Fourteen jurisdictions were chosen and researched usinglegal and social sciences databases. Generally, there was a lack of understandingof the legal principles in literature on policy and IPC. That aside, every jurisdic-tion had acts and regulation specific to health professions. There were numerouspathways to professional regulation and no clear consensus. Regarding IPC pres-ence in legal text, there were two main integration pathways: professional-basedand organization-based approaches.  Conclusion: Although the practice of IPC is important, its presence in regulationis still discrete. If the aim is to strengthen IPC, there must be more socio-legalresearch to properly address and inform policymakers.

Keyphrases: Health regulation, Professional regulation, Interprofessional practice, Interprofessional collaboration
Diverse perspectives on interdisciplinarity from the Members of the College of the Royal Society of Canada

Various multiple-disciplinary terms and concepts (although most commonly “interdisciplinarity”, which is used herein) are used to frame education, scholarship, research, and interactions within and outside academia. In principle, the premise of interdisciplinarity may appear to have many strengths; yet, the extent to which interdisciplinarity is embraced by the current generation of academics, the benefits and risks for doing so, and the barriers and facilitators to achieving interdisciplinarity represent inherent challenges. Much has been written on the topic of interdisciplinarity, but to our knowledge there have been few attempts to consider and present diverse perspectives from scholars, artists, and scientists in a cohesive manner. As a team of 57 members from the Canadian College of New Scholars, Artists, and Scientists of the Royal Society of Canada (the College) who self-identify as being engaged or interested in interdisciplinarity, we provide diverse intellectual, cultural, and social perspectives. The goal of this paper is to share our collective wisdom on this topic with the broader community and to stimulate discourse and debate on the merits and challenges associated with interdisciplinarity. Perhaps the clearest message emerging from this exercise is that working across established boundaries of scholarly communities is rewarding, necessary, and is more likely to result in impact. However, there are barriers that limit the ease with which this can occur (e.g., lack of institutional structures and funding to facilitate cross-disciplinary exploration). Occasionally, there can be significant risk associated with doing interdisciplinary work (e.g., lack of adequate measurement or recognition of work by disciplinary peers). Solving many of the world’s complex and pressing problems (e.g., climate change, sustainable agriculture, the burden of chronic disease, and aging populations) demand thinking and working across long-standing, but in some ways restrictive, academic boundaries. Academic institutions and key support structures, especially funding bodies, will play an important role in helping to realize what is readily apparent to all who contributed to this paper—that interdisciplinarity is essential for solving complex problems; it is the new norm. Failure to empower and encourage those doing this research will serve as a great impediment to training, knowledge, and addressing societal issues.

Keyphrases: Interdisciplinarity, Academic institutions, Universities, Funding, Scholarly activity, Boundary crossing, Barriers
Expressive and receptive use of speech and graphic symbols by typically developing children: What skills contribute to performance on structured sentence-level tasks?

Purpose: To explore expressive and receptive use of speech and graphic symbols and relationships with linguistic and cognitive skills in children with typical development.  Method: Participants were 82 children with typical development (4 to 9 years). Measures of memory, visual analysis skills, and receptive language were used, along with five experimental tasks with speech or symbols as input (stimulus) or output (response), using single clause and compound clause stimuli. Cluster analysis grouped participants with similar performances patterns, who were then compared on linguistic and cognitive skill measures.  Result: The lowest performing group sometimes accurately interpreted graphic symbol utterances that were visible during responding. The mid-performing group was stronger on expressive than receptive symbol utterances when the model did not remain visible. The highest group was comparable on expressive and receptive symbol tasks, but nonetheless stronger with spoken utterances. Relationships of linguistic and cognitive skills with task performance differed across the clusters.  Conclusion: The findings help clarify the input-output modality asymmetry in graphic symbol communication. Spoken language proficiency does not directly transfer to sentence-level expressive and receptive graphic symbol use. Exploring potentially challenging sentence-level phenomena is important. Research is warranted to explore developmental progressions and potential clinical applications more systematically.

Keyphrases: Expressive use of graphic symbols, Receptive use of graphic symbols, Sentence-level graphic symbol utterances, Cluster analysis, Individual differences
Guerre et paix : les deux acceptions du droit des peuples en 1797

Si le Projet de paix perpétuelle (1795) emprunte de manière ironique la forme d’un traité de paix, l’exposé du droit international de la Doctrine du droit (1797) prend une allure plus académique, voire plus scientifique. Ainsi au Paragraphe 43 de ce traité, Kant nous offre à une présentation précise du droit public, en trois paliers : 1- droit politique (jus civitatis), 2- droit des peuples (jus gentium) et 3a- droit politique des peuples (jus gentium, je laisse de côté 3b). On note ici que le jus gentium intervient au palier 2, mais aussi au palier 3a. La différence tient au fait que le palier 2 est celui où les rapports entre les nations sont encore à l’état de nature, alors que le palier 3a surmonte cet état pour promouvoir une union juridique entre les nations. Or quelle forme doit prendre cette union juridique? Deux options s’offrent à Kant pour le palier 3a : (i) une fédération d’États indépendants, ou alors (ii) un État des États englobant tous les peuples. Les deux lectures sont en fait légitimes, selon que l’on insiste, dans l’expression composite désignant le palier 3a « Völker-staats-recht », sur (i) le Völkerrecht ou (ii) sur le Staatsrecht. If in Toward Perpetual Peace (1795) Kant imitates ironically the form of a peace treaty, his exposition of international law in the Doctrine of Right (1797) adopts a much more academic or more scientific presentation. Hence, in Paragraph 43 of the Doctrine, Kant develops his views on public right in three steps: 1- political right (jus civitatis), 2- right of the peoples (jus gentium) and 3a- political right of the peoples (jus gentium, I leave 3b aside). We notice here that jus gentium characterizes step 2, but also step 3a. The difference lays in the fact that the relations between nations are still in a state of nature in step 2, whereas step 3a overcomes this state in order to promote juridical union between nations. Now what form such a juridical union should take? Kant sees two options for step 3a: (i) a loose federation of independent nation states, or (ii) an allencompassing state of nation states. Both options are in fact legitimate. If step 3a is designated by the composite term “Völker-staats-recht,” it depends on whether one insists on (i) Völkerrecht or on (ii) Staatsrecht.

Keyphrases: Kant, Droit international, Fédération des peuples, État des États, Kant, International law, Federation of states, State of nation states
Heidegger et Cohen, lecteurs de Kant

Heidegger ne se livrera jamais à une critique systématique de l’interprétation de Kant par Hermann Cohen. Tout au plus se contente-t-il au passage de quelques remarques, souvent négatives, comme par exemple sur le caractère contre-productif de l’insistance sur la quaestio juris pour aborder la Déduction, ou encore sur le « fait de la science », mal compris du reste par Heidegger. Je tente ici d’indiquer malgré tout quelques points de convergence. Ainsi Cohen et Heidegger prennent-ils tous deux leur point de départ dans le refus des lectures psychologistes de la CRP. Renonçant à remonter à l’origine de l’a priori dans les facultés de l’âme, ils préfèrent se concentrer sur la genèse de l’objet. Ils ont donc en commun la mise en valeur du transcendantalisme kantien, en misant, comme Cohen, sur la « production de la réalité » dans les Anticipations de la perception, ou encore, comme Heidegger, sur le schématisme, dont le caractère foncièrement temporel renvoie ultimement à la finitude du Dasein. Heidegger never develops a systematic criticism of Hermann Cohen’s interpretation of Kant. He formulates at most and in passing a few remarks, mostly negative, for example on the awkwardness of insisting on the quaestio juris to get access to the Deduction, or on the « fact of science », incidentally misunderstood by Heidegger. My aim here is to indicate this notwithstanding a few points of convergence. For instance, both Cohen and Heidegger refuse from the start the psychologist readings of the CPR. Rather than tracing the origin of the a priori in the faculties of the soul, they prefer to focus on the genesis of the object. This means that they share the goal of promoting Kant’s transcendentalism, in insisting, like Cohen, on the « production of reality » in the Anticipations of Perception or, like Heidegger, on the schematism, whose reliance on time ultimately reflects the finitude of Dasein.

Keyphrases: Kant, Heidegger, Transcendantalisme, Psychologisme, Kant, Heidegger, Cohen, Hermann, Transcendentalism, Psychologism
Heidegger, Cohen, and the neo-Kantian reading of Kant

Heidegger ne se livrera jamais à une critique systématique de l’interprétation de Kant par Hermann Cohen. Tout au plus se contente-t-il au passage de quelques remarques, souvent négatives, comme par exemple sur le caractère contre-productif de l’insistance sur la quaestio juris pour aborder la Déduction, ou encore sur le « fait de la science », mal compris du reste par Heidegger. Je tente ici d’indiquer malgré tout quelques points de convergence. Ainsi Cohen et Heidegger prennent-ils tous deux leur point de départ dans le refus des lectures psychologistes de la CRP. Renonçant à remonter à l’origine de l’a priori dans les facultés de l’âme, ils préfèrent se concentrer sur la genèse de l’objet. Ils ont donc en commun la mise en valeur du transcendantalisme kantien, en misant, comme Cohen, sur la « production de la réalité » dans les Anticipations de la perception, ou encore, comme Heidegger, sur le schématisme, dont le caractère foncièrement temporel renvoie ultimement à la finitude du Dasein. Heidegger never develops a systematic criticism of Hermann Cohen’s interpretation of Kant. He formulates at most and in passing a few remarks, mostly negative, for example on the awkwardness of insisting on the quaestio juris to get access to the Deduction, or on the « fact of science », incidentally misunderstood by Heidegger. My aim here is to indicate this notwithstanding a few points of convergence. For instance, both Cohen and Heidegger refuse from the start the psychologist readings of the CPR. Rather than tracing the origin of the a priori in the faculties of the soul, they prefer to focus on the genesis of the object. This means that they share the goal of promoting Kant’s transcendentalism, in insisting, like Cohen, on the « production of reality » in the Anticipations of Perception or, like Heidegger, on the schematism, whose reliance on time ultimately reflects the finitude of Dasein.

Keyphrases: Kant, Heidegger, Transcendantalisme, Psychologisme, Kant, Heidegger, Cohen, Hermann, Transcendentalism, Psychologism
Kant et la réfutation de l'idéalisme cartésien

Il est étonnant de constater qu’après avoir inséré la section intitulée « Réfutation de l’idéalisme » dans la seconde édition de la CRP, Kant ait aussitôt ressenti le besoin, avant d’aller sous presse, d’y apporter des précisions, voire d’y opérer une réorientation, sous la forme de deux notes de bas de page. Comme s’il s’était aperçu que cette Réfutation de 1787 se heurte aux mêmes difficultés que celles rencontrées dans le quatrième Paralogisme de 1781, et que l’argument ne peut en définitive être plausible que si intervient un objet « extérieur » au sens plein du terme, par l’intermédiaire du « sens externe ». Or, à terme, cet objet ne peut que pointer en direction de la chose en soi. It is interesting to notice that Kant, after having added to the second edition of his CPR the section entitled “Refutation of Idealism,” felt compelled immediately thereafter, and before going to press, to introduce further elements, or better : to reconsider the whole argument, by way of two footnotes. It is as if he had realized that this Refutation of 1787 raised the same difficulties as the ones he had faced in the fourth Paralogism of 1781, and that his proof in the end can only be made plausible through the reference to an object ‘from outside,’ rendered accessible through the “outer sense.” This object however must ultimately relate to the thing in itself.

Keyphrases: Kant, Descartes, Idéalisme, Réfutation, Sens externe, Chose en soi, Kant, Idealism, Refutation, Outer sense, Thing in itself
Collective student action and student associations in Quebec

Student associations have been a part of Canada’s higher education systems for over a century, especially in the province of Quebec. Their formal roles and responsibilities as well as their impact and their inner workings are ill understood, even though they are ever-present in public space. Quebec student associations have used a remarkable arsenal of legal and political means to achieve their goals. Societal change, however, might be swinging legislation and civic rights momentum in Quebec in a direction that could force the student movement to alter its approach to advocacy and social contestation. This chapter describes the organization of student associations in the province. It further describes the rights provided to associations in the legal and legislative context of the province, as well as the recent challenges to these rights. Finally, we test the orientation-focus framework () on the events of the Maple Spring of 2012.

Keyphrases: Maple Spring, Student associations, Quebec higher education, Orientation-focus framework, Student activism