NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La fin du Dorsétien au Nunavik : l'assemblage lithique de KcFs-2 (Iles Nuvuk)

Ce mémoire présente l’analyse technologique d’un assemblage lithique du Dorsétien récent provenant des Îles Nuvuk au Nunavik. L’approche technologique et la chaine opératoire ont été employées pour définir le système technique des occupants de la maison 3 du site KcFs-2, daté entre 940±20 ans et 970±15 ans AA. Les analyses technologiques ont permis d’aborder une multitude de sphères comportementales en relation avec la technologie lithique dorsétienne de KcFs-2. Celles-ci concernent l’acquisition des matières, la gestion des supports, les intentions de production, les techniques de taille et enfin, les conceptions volumétriques des occupants du site. Dans le but de questionner le cadre chronoculturel en vigueur et de pallier aux manquements de l’approche typologique traditionnellement employée dans l’Arctique de l’est, ces données ont été comparées à celles des sites GhGk-63 (Kuujjuarapik) et Tayara (KbFk-7) ayant servi à définir la période du Dorsétien classique au Nunavik (Desrosiers 2009). L’analyse comparative des systèmes techniques du Dorsétien classique et du Dorsétien récent a permis de mettre en lumière la continuité des traditions techniques dorsétiennes sur une période d’environ mille ans. This thesis presents the technological analysis of a Late Dorset lithic assemblage from the Nuvuk Islands in Nunavik. The technological approach and the chaine opératoire have been used to define the “technological system” of the occupants of House 3 at KcFs-2, dated between 940±20 and 970±15 BP. The technological analysis has provided information about many spheres of technological behavior related to the acquisition of raw material, to the management of blanks and preforms, to production objectives, to knapping techniques and finally to the “volumetric conceptions’’ of the site’s occupants. In order to question the actual chronocultural framework and to overcome problems associated with the typological approach traditionally used in the Eastern Arctic, this data has been compared to the data from the GhGk-63 (Kuujjuarapik) and Tayara (KbFk-7) sites, which have been use to define the Classic Dorset in Nunavik (Desrosiers 2009). The comparative analysis of Classic Dorset and Late Dorset “technological systems” has shed light on the continuities that characterise Dorset technological traditions over approximatively a millennium.

Keyphrases: Dorsétien récent, Dorsétien classique, Technologie lithique, Chaine opératoire, Système technique, Chronologie, Nunavik, Archéologie, Chaine opératoire, Tradition technique, Nunavik, Late Dorset, Classic Dorset, Lithic technology, Technological system, Technological tradition, Chronology, Archaeology
Récits de québécoises sur leur utilisation des Nouvelles Technologies de Reproduction afin de combler leur désir de parentalité

Avec toutes les technologies disponibles afin de pallier à l’infertilité de nos jours, il peut sembler qu’avoir un enfant est chose simple. Toutefois, les discours de quinze québécoises rencontrées, qui ont vécu ou vivent toujours de l’infertilité, démontrent que le parcours en procréation médicalement assistée est semé d’embûches. Comme le dit Félicia, une femme rencontrée: «l’infertilité ça l’affecte plein, plein de sphères de la vie». L’un des objectifs de ce travail est d’ailleurs de questionner le choix de ces femmes d’aller en clinique de fertilité lorsque des difficultés à procréer ont été rencontrées et de soulever les impacts de ce choix. Cette recherche démontrera que les québécoises et les choix qu’elles prennent dans le domaine reproducteur sont profondément influencés par les pressions sociales et le mode de pensée propre à leur société. With the technologies available in order to mitigate infertility, it would seem that having a child would be easy. However, the dialogue of fifteen Quebecers that are dealing with or have dealt with infertility illustrates that the process of medically assisted procreation has its pitfalls. As explained by Felicia, "Infertility affects many, many spheres of life". One objective of this work is to question the choice of women who go to fertility clinics when difficulties to procreate arise and to outline the impacts of their choice. This research will demonstrate that Quebecers and the choices they make in the reproductive field are profoundly influenced by social pressures and the way of thinking of their society.

Keyphrases: Anthropologie, Québécoises, Clinique de Fertilité, Projet de loi n°20, Procréation médicalement assistée, Parentalité, Étude de la parenté, Nouvelles Technologies de Reproduction, Infertilité, Law Project n°20, Anthropology, Medically Assisted Reproduction, Fertility Center, Infertility, Quebecoise, New Reproductive Technologies, Parenthood, Study of Kinship
L'impact de la dignité humaine sur la protection du droit à la vie en droit international des droits de l'homme

Bien que le droit à la vie soit considéré comme le premier des droits de l’homme ou la valeur suprême dans l’échelle des droits de l’homme, ce droit connaît de nombreuses lacunes découlant de l’ineffectivité de sa protection, de l’incomplétude ou de l’inexistence même de sa définition en droit international des droits de l’homme. Pour combler de telles lacunes, l’auteur propose d’étendre la protection du droit à la vie en faisant appel au concept de dignité humaine. Cette prise en compte de la dignité humaine en droit international des droits de l’homme est susceptible d’assurer une protection accrue contre les atteintes au droit à la vie. L’auteur cherche à démontrer le double impact de la dignité humaine : d’abord, la dignité humaine constitue une source d’effectivité de la protection du droit à la vie ; ensuite, elle constitue une source d’extension du champ de protection de ce droit à d’autres droits fondamentaux. Although the right to life is regarded as the first of human rights or the supreme value in the hierarchy of human rights, this right has many shortcomings arising from the ineffectiveness of its protection, the incompleteness or even lack of definition in international human rights law. To deal these shortcomings, the author proposes to extend the protection of the right to life by using the principle of human dignity. This recognition of human dignity in international human rights law provides increased protection against violations of the right to life. The author attempts to demonstrate the double impact of human dignity: firstly, human dignity is an effective source of protection of the right to life; secondly, it is a source of extension of the scope of protection of this right to other fundamental rights.

Keyphrases: Dignité humaine, Droit à la vie, Droit à la survie, Droit de vivre, Droit international, Droit international des droits de l'homme, Human dignity, Right to life, Right to survival, Right to live, International law, International human rights law
Reading Population Transfer in International Human Rights Law, International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law through the Principle of Humanity

Le transfert de population est la cause et la conséquence de plusieurs conflits armés. Il comprend le déplacement arbitraire de la population, le transfert de colons ainsi que le confinement des civiles en temps de guerre. Le transfert de population est un crime en droit international des droits de l’homme, en droit international humanitaire et en droit pénal international. Néanmoins, il est encore considéré comme une solution aux problèmes de minorités et aux conflits ‘ethniques’. Cette thèse étudie comment le crime de transfert de population est défini, interprété et appliqué en droit international et par les tribunaux régionaux et internationaux et la communauté internationale selon l’État de droit. Population transfer is a cause and consequence of armed conflict. It entails the arbitrary displacement of the population, the implantation of settlers and unlawful confinement. It is a violation of international human rights law and international humanitarian law and a crime in international criminal law. Yet, it is still considered a solution to minority and ‘ethnic’ problems. Using the rule of law as theoretical framework, this thesis assesses how the crime of population transfer is defined, interpreted and applied under international law and by regional and international courts as well as by the international community.

Keyphrases: Déplacement forcé, Déplacement arbitraire, Transfert forcé de population, Déportation, Colonisation, Autodétermination, Colons, État de droit, Droit international des droits de l'homme, Droit pénal international, Droit international humanitaire, Tibet, Conflits de droit, Dignité humaine, Expulsion, Droit international public, Palestine, Sahara Occidental, Forced displacement, Arbitrary displacement, Population transfer, Colonization, Settlers, Self-determination, Conflicting rights, Mass expulsion, International criminal law, International humanitarian law, Rule of law, Principle of humanity, International human rights law
Automates cellulaires quantiques et relativité déformée

Nous montrons qu’un modèle pour une théorie des champs à base d’automate cellulaire quantique est compatible avec une relativité restreinte déformée. En asso- ciant les lois de la physique à la règle d’évolution de l’automate, nous obtenons une version du principe de relativité où les états évoluant sur la grille de l’automate sont sujets à des transformations de Lorentz modifiées. Nous montrons ensuite que les déformations non-linéaires à l’espace des impulsions et des énergies mèneraient à une relativité de la localité et, dans des condition appropriées, produiraient un renversement de l’effet relativiste de contraction des longueurs. Nous considérons également les simulations de la physique sur calcul quantique d’un point de vue philosophique, demandant si notre monde pourrait faire partie d’une telle simulation et voyant comment des observations provenant de l’extérieur pourraient agir sur la simulation. We show that a quantum field model based on a quantum cellular automaton requires a deformed special relativity. By associating the laws of physics with the automaton evolution rule, we obtain a version of the relativity principle where states evolving on the automaton must transform according to modified Lorentz transforma- tions. We then show that a non-linear momentum and energy space gives rise to the phenomenon of relative locality and that, under appropriate conditions, the relativistic length contraction effect must be reversed. We also consider simulations of physics on a philosphical level, asking if we might live inside such a simulation and seeing how observers from outside might interact if they attempt to observe us in such a context.

Keyphrases: informatique quantique, automate cellulaire, relativité restreinte déformée, univers simulé, Quantum information, Cellular automaton, Deformed special relativity, Simulated universe
Hepatitis C Virus seroconversion among persons who inject drugs in relation to primary care physician visiting: The potential role of primary healthcare in a combined approach to Hepatitis C prevention

Background: Meaningful reductions in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) transmission rates among persons who inject drugs (PWID) require a comprehensive prevention approach, including access to harm reduction measures and to healthcare-related interventions, such as HCV screening, testing and antiviral treatment. Little is known, however, about the role of visiting a primary care physician (PCP) in relation to HCV infection risk among PWID, when integrated within a combined prevention approach. This study assessed the association between PCP visiting and HCV seroconversion among PWID attending needle exchange programs (NEP).  Methods: A prospective cohort study, HEPCO, was conducted among active PWID in Montréal (2004-2013). Interviews scheduled at three- or six-month intervals included completion of an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and collection of blood samples for HCV antibody testing. HCV-seronegative participants who reported NEP attendance at baseline and had at least one follow-up visit were eligible for this study. HCV incidence was calculated using the person-time method. Time-varying Cox regression modeling was conducted to evaluate the relationship between self-reported recent PCP visiting and HCV incidence.  Results: At baseline assessment, of 226 participants (80.5% male; median age: 30.6 years), 37.2% reported having recently visited a PCP. During 449.6 person-years of follow-up, 79 participants seroconverted to HCV [incidence rate: 17.6 per 100 person-years, 95% confidence interval (CI): 14.0-21.8]. Covariate-adjusted analyses indicated that visiting a PCP was associated with a lower risk of HCV infection [Adjusted Hazard Ratio: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31-0.93]. Other independent predictors of HCV infection included unstable housing, cocaine injection and prescription opioid injection.  Conclusion: Among PWID attending NEP, visiting a PCP was associated with a lower risk of HCV infection. Yet, only a minority of participants reported PCP visiting. Efforts to intensify engagement with PCP among PWID could potentially contribute to lower HCV transmission when integrated within a combined approach to prevention.

Keyphrases: Hepatitis C, Drug use, Injection, Primary care, Physician, Prevention
Visits to primary care physicians among persons who inject drugs at high risk of Hepatitis C Virus infection: room for improvement

Abstract: The role of primary care physicians (PCP) in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) prevention is increasingly emphasized. Yet, little is known about the patterns of contacts with PCP among persons who inject drugs (PWID). We sought to assess the six-month prevalence of PCP visiting among PWID at risk of HCV infection, and to explore the associated factors. Baseline data were collected from HCV-seronegative PWID recruited in HEPCO, an observational Hepatitis Cohort study (2004-2011) in Montreal, Canada. An interviewer-administered questionnaire elicited information on socio-demographic factors, drug use patterns, and health care services utilization. Blood samples were tested for HCV antibodies. Using the Gelberg-Andersen Behavioral Model, hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predisposing, need and enabling factors associated with PCP visiting. Of the 349 participants (mean age=34; 80.8% male), 32.1% reported visiting a PCP. In the multivariate model, among predisposing factors, male gender (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=0.45, [0.25-0.83], chronic homelessness (AOR=0.08, [0.01-0.67]), cocaine injection (AOR=0.46, [0.28-0.76]) and reporting greater illegal or semi-legal income (AOR=0.48, [0.27-0.85]) were negatively associated with PCP visits. Markers of need were not associated with the outcome. Among enabling factors, contact with street nurses (AOR=3.86, [1.49-9.90]) and food banks (AOR=2.01, [1.20-3.37]) were positively associated with PCP visiting. Only one third of participating PWID reported a recent visit to a PCP. While a host of predisposing factors seems to hamper timely contacts with PCP among high-risk PWID, community-based support services may play an important role in initiating dialogue with primary health care services in this population.

Keyphrases: Drug use, Hepatitis C, Injection, Physician, Primary care
Licit and illicit substance use among people who inject drugs and the association with subsequent suicidal attempt

Aim: To estimate associations between recent licit and illicit substance use and subsequent suicide attempt among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from a prospective cohort study of PWID followed bi-annually between 2004 and 2011. Setting: Montréal, Canada. Participants: Seven-hundred and ninety-seven PWID who reported injection drug use in the previous six months, contributing to a total of 4,460 study visits. The median number of visits per participant was 5 (Interquartile range: 3- 8). Measurements: An interviewer-administered questionnaire eliciting information on socio-demographic factors, detailed information on substance use patterns and related behaviours, mental health markers and suicide attempt. The primary exposure variables examined were past-month use of alcohol [heavy (60 drinks); moderate (1-59 drinks); none], sedative-hypnotics, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine and opioids [regular (4 days); occasional (1-3 days); none]. The outcome was a binary measure of suicide attempt assessed in reference to the previous six months. Findings: In multivariate analyses, a positive association was found among licit substances between heavy alcohol consumption [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-3.75], regular use of sedative-hypnotics (AOR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.21–2.95) and subsequent attempted suicide. Among illicit substances, occasional use of cannabis (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.09-3.13) had a positive association with subsequent suicide attempt. No statistically significant association was found for the remaining substances. Conclusion: Among persons who inject drugs, use of alcohol, sedative-hypnotics and cannabis, but not cocaine, amphetamine or opioids, appears to be associated with increased likelihood of later attempted suicide.

Keyphrases: Alcohol, Amphetamine, Cannabis, Cocaine, Drug use, Opioids, Sedative, Suicide
Gambling Problems among Community Cocaine Users

Cocaine use is highly prevalent and a major public health problem. While some studies have reported frequent comorbidity problems among cocaine users, few studies have included evaluation of gambling problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gambling problems and compare those who were at-risk gamblers with non-problem gamblers in terms of mental health problems, substance use problems, and some risk factors (i.e. family antecedents, erroneous perceptions and coping strategies) among individuals who smoke or inject cocaine. METHOD: A total of 424 smoked or injected cocaine users recruited through community-based programs in Montreal, Quebec completed the questionnaire, including the Canadian Pathological Gambling Index, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the CAGE, and the Severity Dependence Scale (SDS). RESULTS: Of the sample, 18.4 % were considered at-risk gamblers, of whom 7.8 % had problems gambling and 10.6 % were moderate-risk gamblers. The at-risk group was more likely to have experienced a recent phobic disorder and alcohol problems than the non-problem group. A multivariate analysis showed that, compared to those who were non-problem gamblers, the at-risk ones were more likely to have lost a large sum of money when they first started gambling, believed that their luck would turn, and gambled in reaction to painful life events. These results indicate the need to include routines for screening to identify gambling problem among cocaine users

Keyphrases: Cocaine user, Gambling Problem, Addiction, Substance abuse, Comorbidity, Coping strategies
Transactions, suivi de Dédramatiser le drame : usages et enjeux de l’humour et de la violence du langage dans la pièce Rouge Gueule d’Étienne Lepage

Le présent mémoire propose d’interroger la construction du récit médiatique dans la fable théâtrale contemporaine. D’abord par une fiction au dispositif épuré, mais au verbe cru et humoristique, la pièce de théâtre Transactions, puis par un essai sur la pièce de théâtre Rouge Gueule d’Étienne Lepage, nous désirons explorer les liens qui unissent le comique et la violence du langage, notamment par des affinités avec le mouvement britannique In-Yer-Face (Sarah Kane) et tels que mis de l’avant par un « personnage-réseau » porteur de discours, en écho à l’« impersonnage » de Jean-Pierre Sarrazac. En ce sens, nous avons convoqué les notions de dialogisme (Bakhtine) hétéromorphe (Hervé Guay), d’esthétique de la divergence (Hervé Guay), de polyphonie (Bakhtine) hétéromorphe (Hervé Guay) et de la mise à mal d’un conflit afin d’expliquer le renouvellement d’une esthétique dramaturgique tout à fait contemporaine, se rapportant à la Toile et dont le spectateur émancipé (Jacques Rancière) devient un actant principal par l’intermédiaire duquel le théâtre prend tout son sens. This thesis aims to question the construction of the media narrative in the contemporary theatrical fable. First, by analyzing the play Transactions and its sober scenography, yet raw and humorous words, and subsequently examining Étienne Lepage’s Rouge Gueule, we will explore the links between the humor and violence of language. This includes the affinity with the British movement In-Yer-Face (Sarah Kane) as put forward by a "network-character" speech bearer in response to Jean-Pierre Sarrazac’s "non-character". Thus, this paper will study concepts including heteromorph (Hervé Guay) dialogism (Bakhtin), aesthetics of the divergence (Hervé Guay), heteromorph (Hervé Guay) polyphony (Bakhtine) and the redefinition of conflict in order to explain the replenishment of an aesthetic dramaturgy that is quite contemporary, relevant to the Web and in which the emancipated audience (Jacques Rancière) becomes a main actor through which the play takes on its full meaning.

Keyphrases: Étienne Lepage, Rouge gueule, Théâtre québécois, Média, Langage, Comique, Violence, Personnage, In-Yer-Face, Dialogisme, Polyphonie, Humor, Violence, Dialogism, Étienne Lepage, Rouge gueule, Théâtre contemporain, Violence, In-Yer-Face, Quebec's theatre, Contemporary theatre, Media, Language, Humor, Violence, Character, Dialogism, Polyphony
SQUEEZE : représentations du baseball dans l'imaginaire social au Québec : 1994-2014

Le baseball occupe une place atypique dans les discours publics au Québec. Ses multiples représentations, teintées d’une exubérante ferveur ou d’un désintérêt des plus opiniâtres, l’attestent sans équivoque. Outre l’unicité de la langue française (qui est déjà beaucoup en soi), on se doute que des particularismes québécois existent et qu’ils prennent forme dans les diverses manifestations culturelles écrites, chantées, dessinées ou publicisées de ce sport. Le baseball a influencé les cultures savante et populaire d’ici et il continue à faire couler de l’encre, à pénétrer et à structurer des discours de natures diverses et à marquer l’imaginaire et l’imagination. Il s’agit dans la présente recherche d’arriver à une lecture spécifiquement québécoise des représentations du baseball dans l’imaginaire (social, collectif et culturel) entre 1994 et 2014, grâce à l’examen de quatre thématiques principales, soit l’écriture, l’espace, le temps et la sexualité. Baseball holds a special place in Quebec’s public discourse. Its multiple representations, stuck between heartfelt passion and a stubborn disinterest, are proof of this. Besides the uniqueness of the French language (which is already significant in itself), we can suspect that a Quebec distinctiveness exists through the various cultural expressions of this sport, whether they be written, sung, drawn or publicized. Baseball has influenced both highbrow and popular culture and continues to be discussed, to penetrate and structure various discourses and to influence imagination and the imaginary. The aim of the present research is to provide a Quebec-specific reading of baseball’s presence and representations in the social, collective and cultural discourses between 1994 and 2014 through the consideration of four main themes : writing, space, time and sexuality.

Keyphrases: Baseball, Expos de Montréal, Littérature québécoise, Culture populaire, Sociocritique, Baseball, Imaginaire social, Montreal Expos, Quebec literature, Popular culture, Social imaginary, Cultural studies