NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Symptômes reliés au diagnostic du trouble de personnalité limite à l'adolescence : une recension systématique de la littérature

Le diagnostic du trouble de personnalité limite (TPL) à l’adolescence est sujet de controverse chez certains chercheurs et cliniciens. Pour plusieurs, les symptômes présentés chez les jeunes ayant un TPL ressemblent au fonctionnement normal à l’adolescence. Le diagnostic est alors retardé à l’âge adulte, décalant la mise en place d’un traitement. L’objectif de cette recension systématique de la littérature est d’examiner les symptômes permettant la différenciation d’une population adolescente avec un TPL de celles ayant un autre diagnostic ou non psychiatrisée. En tout, 17 études sur les 4 789 titres initialement identifiés rencontrent les critères d’inclusion et sont analysées. Cette recension systématique considère plusieurs symptômes diversifiés : troubles internalisés et externalisés, suicide, erreurs de mentalisation, schémas mésadaptés et diagnostics comorbides. Plusieurs symptômes distinguant de façon statistiquement significative les adolescents avec un TPL ont pu être observés en les comparant à trois groupes contrôles : les adolescents non psychiatrisés, ceux avec un autre trouble de personnalité et ceux ayant un autre diagnostic. Finalement, un patron de symptômes a pu également être observé entre les adolescents suicidaires ayant un TPL et ceux sans ce diagnostic. The diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescence is controversial among some researchers and clinicians. For many, the symptoms presented in young people with BPD resemble normal functioning in adolescence. The diagnosis is then delayed in adulthood, postponing the treatment. The aim of this systematic review of the literature is to investigate the symptoms that can differentiate an adolescent population with BPD from one with another diagnosis and/or without any psychiatric issues. In all, 17 studies out of the 4,789 titles initially identified met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. This systematic review considers diverse symptoms: internalized and externalized disorders, suicide, mentalization errors, maladaptive schemas and comorbid diagnoses. Several symptoms significantly differentiated adolescents with BPD from three control groups teenagers: non-psychiatric, with another personality disorder and with another diagnosis. Finally, a pattern of symptoms could also be observed between suicidal adolescents with BPD and suicidal youth without it.

Keyphrases: trouble de personnalité limite, adolescence, symptôme, comorbidité, adolescence, borderline personality disorder, symptoms, comorbidity
Stress chez les nouveaux parents et amour conditionnel

Cette étude transversale a investigué le lien entre le regard conditionnel négatif perçu, le stress et l’ajustement dyadique durant la transition à la parentalité, une période caractérisée par des difficultés au niveau du couple. Après avoir été recrutés, des couples de parents primipares québécois (n=137) ont répondu à un questionnaire en ligne. Des analyses d’équations structurelles avec le modèle « Actor-Partner Interdependance Mediation Model » ont été conduites afin d’investiguer les influences dyadiques et réciproques du regard conditionnel négatif perçu sur l’ajustement dyadique du couple. Au niveau des effets acteurs, les résultats démontrent que pour les deux partenaires, le stress est un médiateur partiel dans la relation entre le regard conditionnel négatif perçu et l’ajustement dyadique. Cependant, au niveau des effets partenaires, il n’y avait pas d’effet de médiation entre ces variables. Néanmoins, certains effets partenaires intéressants ont été trouvés: 1) le regard conditionnel perçu par les mères biologiques avait une influence sur l’ajustement dyadique de leur partenaire et 2) l’ajustement dyadique des mères biologiques était influencé par le regard conditionnel négatif perçu par leur partenaire. Pour conclure, ses résultats informent la littérature de deux façons importantes : 1) le regard conditionnel négatif perçu par un des partenaires a des effets sur son propre ajustement dyadique et sur celui de son partenaire et 2) le stress est un des mécanismes par lequel le regard conditionnel négatif perçu par un des partenaires diminue son propre ajustement dyadique. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between perceived conditional negative regard (a behavior that thwarts basic psychological needs), stress, and dyadic adjustment during the transition to parenthood. Primiparous couples (n=137) of 6-months old babies were recruited to fill out an online questionnaire. Structural equation model analysis with an Actor-partner interdependence mediation model were conducted. Results show that for each partner, stress partially mediated the link between perceived conditional negative regard and dyadic adjustment (actor effects). For the partner effects, stress was not a mediator between these variables. However, some partner effects were found: 1) Bearing mothers’ perceived conditional negative regard was associated with partners’ dyadic adjustment, and 2) Partners’ perceived conditional negative regard was associated with bearing mothers’ dyadic adjustment. Overall, the findings shed light on the dyadic influences of conditional negative regard and the mechanisms through which it decreases dyadic adjustment during the transition to parenthood.

Keyphrases: Regard conditionnel négatif, Ajustement dyadique, Stress, Parentalité, Étude dyadique, Stress, Conditional negative regard, Dyadic adjustment, Parenthood, Dyadic study
Effet de la musique de fond sur le contrôle attentionnel chez les personnes âgées et les jeunes adultes

Le vieillissement normal peut être accompagné par un déclin cognitif incluant une diminution du contrôle attentionnel, une fonction exécutive nous permettant de concentrer notre attention tout en inhibant les distractions. De plus, des études antérieures ont démontré que la musique de fond peut améliorer certaines fonctions exécutives, autant chez les jeunes que chez les personnes âgées. Sachant que le vieillissement normal est caractérisé par un déclin du contrôle attentionnel qui n’est pas observé chez leurs cadets, cette étude vise à explorer si l’effet de la musique de fond sur le contrôle attentionnel est le même chez les personnes âgées et les jeunes adultes. Pour ce faire, 19 personnes âgées (62 à 74 ans) ainsi que 21 jeunes adultes (20 à 32 ans) ont effectué la tâche flanker d’Eriksen, qui évalue le contrôle attentionnel, dans trois conditions : en écoutant de la musique de fond stimulante, relaxante et en silence. Comme attendu, les temps de réaction étaient plus lents pour les essais non congruents que pour les essais congruents. Cette différence, appelée l’effet flanker, était significativement plus grande sous la condition de musique relaxante comparativement aux deux autres conditions. De plus, l’effet flanker était le même dans les deux groupes d’âge. Pour conclure, la musique relaxante nuit au contrôle attentionnel des personnes âgées et des jeunes adultes, comparativement à la musique stimulante et au silence. Normal aging can be accompanied by a cognitive decline including a decrease in attentional control, an executive function allowing us to focus attention while inhibiting distractors. Also, previous studies demonstrated that background music can enhance some executive functions, both in young and older adults. Knowing that normal aging is characterised by a decline in attentional control that is not observed in their younger peers, this study aims to explore if the effect of background music on attentional control is the same in older and young adults. To do so, 19 older adults (62-74) as well as 21 young adults (20-32) performed the Eriksen’s flanker task, evaluating attentional control, under the exposition of three conditions: stimulating and relaxing music and silence. As expected, reaction time (RT) was slower for the incongruent trials and faster for the congruent ones. However, this difference, called the flanker effect, was significantly greater under the relaxing music condition compared to others, due to a combination of much slower RT in incongruent trials and faster RT in congruent ones. The flanker effect was the same in both age groups. In conclusion, relaxing music impairs attentional control of older and young adults compared to stimulating music and silence.

Keyphrases: vieillissement normal, fonctions exécutives, contrôle attentionnel, musique de fond, émotions musicales, normal aging, executive functions, attentional control, background music, musical emotions
Efficacité d'un programme d'intervention auprès d'un parent d'enfant ayant une déficience intellectuelle et une anxiété de séparation

Parmi les diagnostics de troubles anxieux auprès de la population ayant une déficience intellectuelle (DI), le trouble d’anxiété de séparation figure parmi les plus fréquents. Près de 30 à 50 % des personnes avec une déficience intellectuelle (DI) présentent également un trouble de santé mentale en comorbidité, dont les troubles anxieux. Sachant que la prévalence de la DI est de 1,0 % à 2,6 % de la population du Québec, il semble pertinent d’offrir des services adaptés à leurs besoins particuliers. Pourtant, la grande majorité des recherches portant sur des interventions pour réduire les symptômes anxieux auprès d’une population ayant un trouble neurodéveloppemental, tel que le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA), exclut les participants ayant une DI. Pour répondre à ce besoin, ce projet de recherche visait à évaluer l’efficacité d’un programme d’intervention auprès d’un parent d’un enfant âgé de 8 ans ayant une DI et un trouble d’anxiété de séparation. Dans le cadre d’un devis à cas unique de type AB, nous avons mesuré les comportements anxieux tout au long du programme d’intervention mis en place. Les résultats montrent que certains symptômes anxieux ont diminué suivant l’implantation par le parent de stratégies cognitivo-comportementales. D’autres études devront être effectuées afin d’explorer davantage l’efficacité de ce programme. Among the diagnoses of anxiety disorders in the population with intellectual disabilities (ID), separation anxiety disorder is the most common. About 30 to 50% of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) also have a comorbid mental health problem, including anxiety disorders. Knowing that the prevalence of the disease is from 1.0% to 2.6% of the population of Quebec, it seems relevant to offer services tailored to their specific needs. Yet, the vast majority of research has been done on interventions to reduce the symptoms of the population with a neurodevelopmental disorder, such as the autism spectrum disorder (ASD), excludes participants with an ID. To address this need, this research project was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program with a parent of an 8-year-old child with ID and separation anxiety disorder. As part of a single-case AB type design, we measured anxiety behaviors throughout the intervention program set up. The results show that some anxiety symptoms have decreased following the parent's implementation of cognitive-behavioral strategies. Other studies should be done to explore the effectiveness of the program.

Keyphrases: déficience intellectuelle, anxiété de séparation, programme d'entraînement parental, thérapie cognitivo-comportementale, protocole à cas unique, intellectual disabilities, separation anxiety disorder, parent training program, cognitive-behavioral therapy, single-subject design
Police encounters involving citizens with mental illness: use of resources and outcomes

Objective: Few studies have addressed use of resources in police interventions involving individuals with mental illness. The time police officers spend on interventions is a straightforward measure with significant administrative weight, given that it addresses human resource allocation. This study compared the characteristics of police interventions involving individuals with mental illness and a control sample of individuals without mental illness. Methods: A total of 6,128 police interventions in Montreal, Québec, were analyzed by using a retrospective analysis of police intervention logs from three days in 2006. Interventions involving citizens with (N=272) and without (N=5,856) mental illness were compared by reason for the intervention, the use of arrest, and the use of police resources. Results: Police interventions involving individuals with mental illness were less likely than those involving individuals without mental illness to be related to more severe offenses. However, interventions for minor offenses were more likely to lead to arrest when they involved citizens with mental illness. Interventions for reasons of equal severity were twice as likely to lead to arrest if the citizen involved had a mental illness. After controlling for the use of arrest and the severity of the situation, the analysis showed that police interventions involving individuals with mental illness used 87% more resources than interventions involving individuals without mental illness. Conclusions: Future studies using administrative police data sets could investigate the use of resources and division of costs involved in new programs or partnerships to better address the interface of criminal justice and mental health care.

Keyphrases: Mental illness, Police, Criminality, Diversion, Police resource allocation
Supportive housing and forensic patient outcomes

In Canada, Review Boards are mandated to evaluate individuals found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) on an annual basis and render 1 of 3 dispositions: (a) custody, (b) conditional discharge, or (c) absolute discharge. To promote social reintegration, conditional discharge can be ordered with the condition to live in supportive housing. However, NCRMD accused face great barriers to housing access as a result of the stigma associated with the forensic label. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of housing in the clinical and criminal trajectories of forensic patients as they reintegrate into the community. Data for this study were extracted from a national study of individuals found NCRMD in Canada (Crocker, Nicholls, Seto, Côté, et al., in press). The present study focuses on a random sample of NCRMD accused in the province of Québec, who were under a conditional discharge disposition during the study period (n = 837). Controlling for sociodemographic, clinical, and criminal variables, survival analysis showed that individuals placed in independent housing following a conditional discharge from the Review Board were 2.5 times more likely to commit a new offense, nearly 3 times more likely to commit an offense against a person, and 1.4 times more likely to be readmitted for psychiatric treatment compared with individuals residing in supportive housing. These results point to the influence housing can have on the trajectories of forensic patients, above and beyond a range of clinical, criminological, and sociodemographic factors.

Keyphrases: Forensic mental health, Housing, Not criminally responsible on account of mental disorder, Psychiatric services, Readmission, Recidivism
Critical reflections on land appropriation and alternative urbanization trajectories in periurban Vietnam

Vietnam's land regime is currently undergoing a radical reshaping under policies of “urbanization and modernization.” Around large urban centres what could be called a “Third Land Reform” fosters massive land-takings for urban-industrial expansion. The forced appropriation of farmlands unsettles endogenous patterns of mixed-use development or “rural-urbanization” which have developed in these zones since the đổi mới, and which are characterized by the combination of small-scale cottage industries with mixed employment, and commuting into the cities for jobs and trade. The Third Land Reform is driven by an official discourse of “modernization” that deems the endogenous rural-urbanization as backward (not modern). This discourse drives and defends an aggressive programme of expropriation, to the benefit of corporate capital, to build “real” urban spaces. Foreign, planning scholars should not merely describe these processes, but point out the ideological justifications driving them, and the ways in which the things it rejects as non-viable may, in fact, have virtues that have been missed by the official view.

Keyphrases: Land politic, Periurbanization, Vietnam, Rural development, Urban transition
Écrire les SHS en environnement numérique : l’éditeur de texte Stylo

L’écriture et l’édition scientifiques en contexte numérique sont relativement peu interrogées ou remises en cause. Quelques outils, qui posent un certain nombre de questions et de problèmes, sont utilisés pour structurer, mettre en forme et produire des documents académiques. Face à ces solutions bien souvent propriétaires, Stylo est un outil de rédaction et d’édition qui répond aux exigences scientifiques, et actuellement utilisé par des revues savantes. Expérimenter avec Stylo ouvre la perspective de nouvelles pratiques d’écriture numérique tout en alimentant une réflexion théorique sur la structuration de notre pensée. Scientific writing and editing in a digital context are relatively little interrogated or questioned. A few tools, which pose a number of questions and problems, are used to structure, format and produce academic documents. Faced with these often proprietary solutions, Stylo is a writing and editing tool that meets scientific requirements, and is currently used by academic journals. Experimenting with Stylo opens up the prospect of new digital writing practices while fueling theoretical reflection on the structuring of our thinking.

Keyphrases: Édition numérique, Édition scientifique, Écriture numérique, Stylo, Auteurs et auctorialité, Communautés en ligne, Déterminisme technologique, Édition, Éditorialisation, Plateformes d'édition, Plateformes en ligne, Production des contenus, Revue savante, Stylo, Academic journal, Digital edition, Scientific edition, Digital writing
Gentrification or...? Injustice in large-scale residential projects in Hanoi

Large-scale residential developments on expropriated lands in periurban Hanoi resemble forms of gentrification seen elsewhere. But is it gentrification? Current debate over the definition of gentrification has focused on whether the term has become too broad to be useful in different institutional and spatiotemporal contexts. While some push for a generalizable definition based in capitalist development, others argue that the term harbors Western assumptions that fail to usefully explain unique local circumstances. The paper first identifies one such conceptual assumption that must be made explicit since it provides the term’s politicizing thrust: displacement generates an experience of social injustice. Then, drawing on surveys and interviews with residents as well as interviews with real estate agents, government officials, and academics conducted in Hanoi between 2013 and 2017, the paper evaluates five types of displacement on the city’s outskirts. Because displacement only occurs in marginal cases and generates limited feelings of social injustice, the term “gentrification” is of little use. Instead, the paper suggests that in a context of rapid urbanization and relatively inclusive economic growth like that of Hanoi the terms “livelihood dispossession” and “value grabbing” may better capture the experience of social injustice and are therefore more likely to generate political traction.

Keyphrases: Gentrification, Social justice, Hanoi, Periurbanization, Large-scale residential projects, Introduction
Perceived needs and difﬁculties in meal preparation ofpeople living with traumatic brain injury in a chronicphase : supporting long-term services and interventions

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic medical condition with life-long consequences. Meal preparation is one the most significant activities impacted by TBI even after more than 10 years post-trauma. However, substantial gaps exist in our understanding of how exactly it is affected. This study examines the perceived needs and difficulties regarding meal preparation in individuals with severe TBI living in the community. This is done in an effort to justify long-term community-based interventions offered to the TBI population in regard to a task involving many safety issues. Methods: The study used a descriptive qualitative design where five adults (28 to 50 years old) living with a severe TBI (9 to 37 years post-injury) were interviewed. Data analysis was completed using an inductive method. Results: Participants living alone were all involved in meal preparation to diverse levels. Only two participants lived with a family member. Six categories of perceived needs were identified, of which two emerged as priorities: 1) Need for recipes to be compatible with cognitive abilities, knowledge and energy level to optimise motivation and 2) Need to adapt complexity of grocery shopping to cognitive abilities and knowledge. The main difficulty expressed by participants was to manage their motivation to cook when tired, as it tends to diminish and fade when the person is exhausted. Conclusion: Many situations were considered difficult for our participants, which calls for adaptation of the tasks and of their environment.  Considering these unmet needs in the interventions offered will help individualise follow-up and ultimately optimise the social integration of individuals living with severe TBI.

Keyphrases: Activities of Daily Living, Occupational Therapy, Self-Help Devices, Qualitative research, Traumatic brain injury
How many tiers do we need? Type I errors and power in multiple baseline designs

Design quality guidelines typically recommend that multiple baseline designs include at least three demonstrations of effects. Despite its widespread adoption, this recommendation does not appear grounded in empirical evidence. The main purpose of our study was to address this issue by assessing Type I error rate and power in multiple baseline designs. First, we generated 10,000 multiple baseline graphs, applied the dualcriteria method to each tier, and computed Type I error rate and power for different number of tiers showing a clear change. Second, two raters categorized the tiers for 300 multiple baseline graphs to replicate our analyses using visual inspection. When multiple baseline designs had at least three tiers and two or more of these tiers showed a clear change, the Type I error rate remained adequate (< .05) while power also reached acceptable levels (> .80). In contrast, requiring all tiers to show a clear change resulted in overly stringent conclusions (i.e., unacceptably low power). Therefore, our results suggest that researchers and practitioners should carefully consider limitations in power when requiring all tiers of a multiple baseline design to show a clear change in their analyses.

Keyphrases: Error rate, Multiple baseline design, Power, Single-case design, Visual analysis
La profession de bibliothécaire jeunesse : tour d’horizon

Cette revue de littérature tente de cerner la profession de bibliothécaire jeunesse sous trois facettes, soit 1) les publics servis par les bibliothécaires jeunesse et les services qui leur sont destinés, 2) les caractéristiques, compétences et responsabilités des bibliothécaires jeunesse; et 3) la formation des bibliothécaires jeunesse.

Keyphrases: Bibliothécaire jeunesse, Children's librarian, Bibliothèque publique, Public library, Publics jeunesse, Services aux jeunes, Youth services, Compétences, Competencies, Formation, Training
Grand Atelier Multidisciplinaire - Résonances poétiques : musique, architecture et paysage - projet d’agrandissement de la Faculté de musique de l’UdeM

AME3030 - Hiver 2020, École d’architecture, Faculté de l’aménagement, Université de Montréal

Keyphrases: Projet d'agrandissement de la Faculté de musique, Atelier multidisciplinaire (3e), Travaux étudiants, Architecture et musique