NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Nurses’ judgments of patient risk of deterioration at change-of-shift handoff : agreement between nurses and comparison with early warning scores

Background Nurses begin forming judgments regarding patients’ clinical stability during change-of-shift handoffs.  Objectives To examine the agreement between incoming and outgoing nurses’ judgments of deterioration risk following handoff and compare these judgments to commonly used early warning scores (MEWS, NEWS, ViEWS).  Methods Following handoffs on three medical/surgical units, nurses completed the Patient Acuity Rating. Nurse ratings were compared with computed early warning scores based on clinical data. In follow-up interviews, nurses were invited to describe their experiences of using the rating scale.  Results Sixty-two nurses carried out 444 handoffs for 158 patients. While the agreement between incoming and outgoing nurses was fair, correlations with early warning scores were low. Nurses struggled with predicting risk and used their impressions of differential risk across all the patients to whom they had been assigned to arrive at their ratings.  Conclusion Nurses shared information that influenced their clinical judgments at handoff; not all of these cues may necessarily be captured in early warning scores.

Keyphrases: Clinical judgment, Nursing handoff, Patient deterioration, Early warning scores
Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine in anesthetized rabbits : absence of
changes in protein binding

Objective: The primary objectives of this study were to investigate the in vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro plasma protein binding of ropivacaine at the concentration range observed after intravenous administration of different doses in anesthetized rabbits. Study design: Prospective experimental study Animals: Thirteen New Zealand White rabbits Methods: Rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane. Different doses (0.62 to 6.52 mg/kg) of 0.5 % plain ropivacaine hydrochloride were administered and arterial blood sampled at frequent intervals up to 10 hours. Ropivacaine plasma concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic analysis of individual data sets was performed using non-compartmental approach to calculate area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0–inf). In vivo pharmacokinetics linearity was verified using analyses of variance for between group comparisons of the effect of dose on the AUC0–inf normalized by the dose. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe ropivacaine disposition after intravenous administration in the linear range of dose in anesthetized rabbits. Determination of protein binding was performed, under controlled temperature and pH conditions, in plasma samples spiked extemporaneously with 3 H-ropivacaine and unlabeled ropivacaine (2.5 and 3500 ng/ml) using an ultrafiltration method. Results: At intravenous doses higher than 3.67 mg/kg, dose-dependent changes in ropivacaine systemic clearance were observed. In contrast, protein binding was found to be concentration independent in the tested range. Conclusions and clinical relevance: In anesthetized rabbits, saturation of ropivacaine plasma protein binding is not the mechanism responsible for the pharmacokinetic nonlinearity of ropivacaine observed at intravenous doses higher than 3.67 mg/kg. Disposition parameters obtained in our study will enable accurate characterization of ropivacaine pharmacokinetics after a peripheral nerve block.

Keyphrases: Ropivacaine, Protein binding, Linearity, Pharmacokinetics, Intravenous, Rabbits
Promesses et trahisons, suivi de La trahison dans Les Portes du sang de Michel Del Castillo

Ce mémoire de maîtrise en recherche et création explore les modalités d’une structure narrative déclinée en plusieurs points de vue singuliers qui multiplient les aléas du sentiment de trahison, lorsqu’il s’éprouve, pour un sujet, dans l’affect. Il explore en outre la relation de transmission et interroge cet acte lorsqu’il met en relation un adulte qui donne à saisir de lui-même tout ce qui permet à un enfant de se construire. Dans la partie création de mon mémoire, le « roman » Promesses et trahisons met en scène la rencontre d’un maître de musique avec son jeune élève. Nous découvrons les succès et les revers de cette relation exclusive par le biais de trois interprétations différentes. À la confession de l’élève, devenu homme et qui se souvient, succède le journal intime du maître, tel un document d’archives retrouvé et divulgué. Un autre point de vue complètera le récit sous la forme d’une lettre signée par une tierce personne, précédant un épilogue porteur d’un ultime éclairage. L’ouvrage qui nourrit la partie essai de mon mémoire s’intitule Les Portes du sang. L’auteur, Michel Del Castillo, explore une relation mère-fils (adulte et enfant) à travers quantité de témoignages qu’une narratrice tente d’opposer et de corroborer pour révéler l’insaisissable personnalité de celle qui nourrit chez son fils le sentiment de trahison. Dans les deux cas, on y trouve l’objet d’une quête identitaire dont le mystère perdure. This Master’s thesis explores the modalities of a narrative structure declined in several singular points of view, which multiplies the variations on the theme of betrayal, when it is felt, for a human being, on the affective level. It also explores the question of transmission in a relationship where an adult allows a child to develop his own personality. In the creative part of my thesis, the « novel » entitled Promesses et trahisons recounts the relation between a music master and his young pupil. The reader discovers the successes and the setbacks in this exclusive relationship through three different points of view. After the confession of the student, who remembers as an adult his past history, we have access to the diary of the master presented as an archival document. Another point of view completes the story in the form of a letter, signed by a third party, before an epilogue, which will shed a final light on the plot. The book that inspired the essay section of my thesis is entitled Les Portes du sang. In it, the author, Michel Del Castillo, explores a mother-son relationship (adult and child) through several testimonials, which in turn a narrator tries to contrast and corroborate in order to reveal the elusive personality of the character responsible for her son’s feeling of betrayal. In both cases, one finds a quest for identity whose mystery persists beyond the text.

Keyphrases: Récit intime, Confession, Trahison, Promesse, Michel Del Castillo, Confession, Trahison, Promesse, Michel Del Castillo, Intimate story, Betrayal, Promise
Child care services, socioeconomic inequalities, and academic performance

Objective. To determine if child care services (CCS) at a population level can reduce social inequalities in academic performance until early adolescence. Method. A 12-year population-based prospective cohort study of families with a newborn (n = 1269). Two CCS variables were estimated: ‘intensity’ (low, moderate and high number of hours) and ‘Center-Based CCS Type’ (early-, late-onset, and never exposed to center-based CCS). Results. Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) families who received high-intensity CCS (any type), compared to those who received low-intensity CCS, had significantly better reading (Standardized Effect Size [ES]= .37), writing (ES=.37), and mathematics (ES=.46) scores. Children from low-SES families who received center-based CCS, compared to those who never attended center-care, had significantly better reading (ES early-onset =.68; ES late-onset =.37), writing (ES early-onset =.79), and mathematics (ES early-onset =.66; ES late-onset =.39) scores. Furthermore, early participation in center-based CCS eliminated the differences between children of low- and adequate-SES on all three exams (ES = -.01, .13, and -.02 for reading, writing and mathematics, respectively). These results were obtained while controlling for a wide range of child and family variables from birth to school entry. Conclusion. Child care services (any type) can reduce the social inequalities in academic performance up to early adolescence, while early participation in center-based CCS can eliminate this inequality. CCS use, especially early participation in center-based CCS should be strongly encouraged for children growing up in a low-SES family.

Keyphrases: Academic achievement, Cognition, Prevention, Social class, Child care
Early childhood factors associated with peer victimization trajectories from 6 to 17 years of age

OBJECTIVES: To describe (1) the developmental trajectories of peer victimization from 6 to 17 years of age and (2) the early childhood behaviors and family characteristics associated with the trajectories.  METHODS: We used data from 1760 children enrolled in the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a population-based birth cohort. Participants self-reported peer victimization at ages 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, and 17 years. Participants’ behavior and family characteristics were measured repeatedly between ages 5 months and 5 years.  RESULTS: We identified 4 trajectories of peer victimization from 6 to 17 years of age: low (32.9%), moderate-emerging (29.8%), childhood-limited (26.2%), and high-chronic (11.1%). Compared with children in the low peer victimization trajectory, children in the other 3 trajectories were more likely to exhibit externalizing behaviors in early childhood, and those in the high-chronic and moderate-emerging trajectories were more likely to be male. Paternal history of antisocial behavior was associated with moderate-emerging (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.19) and high-chronic (OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.25–2.99) relative to low peer victimization. Living in a nonintact family in early childhood was associated with childhood-limited (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.11–1.97) and high-chronic (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.09–2.31) relative to low peer victimization.  CONCLUSIONS: Early childhood externalizing behaviors and family vulnerabilities were associated with the development of peer victimization. Some children entered the cascade of persistent peer victimization at the beginning of primary school. Support to these children and their families early in life should be an important component of peer victimization preventive interventions.

Keyphrases: Bullying, Developmental/behavioral issues, Injury, Violence and poison prevention
Comment favoriser la communication thérapeutique avec une population vulnérable ? Des approches et des outils pour les professionnels prenant en charge les mineurs non accompagnés

En France, les mineurs non accompagnés (MNA) rencontrent de multiples obstacles qui peuvent avoir des effets négatifs sur leur santé mentale. Les professionnels de la santé et du social qui participent à leur prise en charge doivent développer et mettre en œuvre des approches et outils adaptés aux réalités des MNA et qui leur offrent un espace d’interactions le plus ouvert possible. À partir d’une revue de littérature, nous proposons dans cet article de dresser un état des lieux de la santé mentale des MNA, et d’identifier les approches et les outils développés et mis en œuvre par les professionnels qui visent à favoriser la communication et l’expression des MNA (notamment : approche interculturelle, travail en interdisciplinarité, art-thérapie). Nous formulons en conclusion plusieurs pistes de réflexion à l’endroit des professionnels et des pouvoirs publics. In France, unaccompanied minors (UMs) encounter several obstacles that can have negative effects on their mental health. Health and social workers must develop and implement approaches and tools that are adapted to the realities of UMs, and that encourage a space to foster discussions. Based on a review of the literature, this article explores the mental health status and needs of UMs and highlights the approaches and tools developed and implemented by professionals to encourage communication with UMs (e.g., intercultural approach, interdisciplinary work, art therapy). Based on results from the review, we suggest recommendations for professionals and public authorities.

Keyphrases: Mineurs non accompagnés, Santé mentale, Professionnels de la santé et du social, Communication, Approche interculturelle, Interdisciplinarité, France, Communication, Communication, France, Unaccompanied minors, Mental health, Social and health workers, Communication, Intercultural approach, Interdisciplinarity
Entropie d’intrication de régions squelettiques

Ces vingts dernières années ont vu le concept d’intrication quantique prendre une place importante dans l’étude des systèmes quantiques à N corps rencontrés par exemple en théorie de la matière condensée. L’entropie d’intrication est une mesure de l’intrication entre deux parties formant un système dans un état quantique pur. L’étude de cette entropie permet d’obtenir des informations cruciales sur les systèmes considérés. Dans ce mémoire, nous étudions l’entropie d’intrication de régions dites squelettiques, pour un réseau harmonique bidimensionnel correspondant à une version discrète de la théorie d’un champ scalaire relativiste sans masse. Une région squelettique ne possède pas de volume, en opposition à une région dite pleine. Au sein d’un réseau à deux dimensions, il s’agira d’une chaîne finie de sites. Nous montrons que le comportement de l’entropie d’intrication d’une région unidimensionnelle diffère de celui de l’entropie d’une région pleine (à deux dimensions). En particulier, nous montrons qu’il apparaît de nouveaux termes universels associés à ces nouveaux comportements pour des régions squelettiques. Notre étude est principalement menée à l’aide de calculs numériques, bien que certains résultats soient obtenus de manière semi-analytique. In the last twenty years, the concept of entanglement entropy has taken an important place in the study of N-body quantum systems seen in condensed matter, among others. Entanglement entropy is an entanglement measure between two parts forming a system in a pure quantum state. The study of this entropy allows one to obtain crucial information about N-body quantum systems. In this master’s thesis, we will study the entanglement entropy of so-called skeletal regions, for a harmonic two-dimensional lattice corresponding to a discrete version of a massless relativistic scalar field theory. A skeletal region doesn’t possess a volume, unlike a region said to be full. In the case of a two-dimensional lattice, the skeletal region is defined by a finite chain of sites. We show that the behaviour of entanglement entropy of an unidimensional region differs from the case of a full region (which is two-dimensional). In particular, we show the appearance of new universal coefficients linked to skeletal regions. Our study consists mainly of numerical calculations, although some results are obtained in a semi-analytical manner.

Keyphrases: Entropie d’intrication, Loi du périmètre, Termes universels, Bosons libres, Tore bidimensionnel, Conditions aux frontières de Dirichlet, Termes de coins, Limite ultraviolette, Entanglement entropy, Area law, Universal coefficients, Ultraviolet limit, Free bosons, Two-dimensional torus, Dirichlet boundary conditions, Corner coefficients
Differences in platelet-rich plasma composition influence bone healing

Aim: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood-derived material that has been used to enhance bone regeneration. Clinical studies, however, reported inconsistent outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effect of changes in leucocyte and PRP (L-PRP) composition on bone defect healing. Materials and Methods: L-PRPs were prepared using different centrifugation methods and their regenerative potential was assessed in an in-vivo rat model. Bilateral critical-size tibial bone defects were created and filled with single-spin L-PRP, double-spin L-PRP, or filtered L-PRP. Empty defects and defects treated with collagen scaffolds served as controls. Rats were euthanized after 2 weeks, and their tibias were collected and analysed using micro-CT and histology. Results: Double-spin L-PRP contained higher concentrations of platelets than singlespin L-PRP and filtered L-PRP. Filtration of single-spin L-PRP resulted in lower concentrations of minerals and metabolites. In vivo, double-spin L-PRP improved bone healing by significantly reducing the size of bone defects (1.08 ± 0.2 mm3 ) compared to single-spin L-PRP (1.42 ± 0.27 mm3 ) or filtered L-PRP (1.38 ± 0.28 mm3 ). There were fewer mast cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages in defects treated with double-spin L-PRP than in those treated with single-spin or filtered L-PRP. Conclusion: The preparation method of L-PRP affects their composition and potential to regenerate bone.

Keyphrases: Bone formation, Bone healing, Critical size defect, Platelet concentrates, Platelet-rich plasma, Rat surgery
Current and novel antiplatelet therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Over the last decades, antiplatelet agents, mainly aspirin and P2Y12 receptor antagonists, have significantly reduced morbidity and mortality associated with arterial thrombosis. Their pharmacological characteristics, including pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics profiles, have been extensively studied, and a significant number of clinical trials assessing their efficacy and safety in various clinical settings have established antithrombotic efficacy. Notwithstanding, antiplatelet agents carry an inherent risk of bleeding. Given that bleeding is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, there is an unmet clinical need to develop novel antiplatelet therapies that inhibit thrombosis while maintaining hemostasis. In this review, we present the currently available antiplatelet agents, with a particular focus on their targets, pharmacological characteristics, and patterns of use. We will further discuss the novel antiplatelet therapies in the pipeline, with the goal of improved clinical outcomes among patients with atherothrombotic diseases.

Keyphrases: Acute coronary syndrome, Aspirin, Atherothrombosis, Bleeding, Cardiovascular disease, Dual antiplatelet therapy, P2Y12 receptor antagonists, Platelets
Factors affecting interprofessional teamwork in emergency department care of polytrauma patients : results of an exploratory study

Considering that traumatic injuries are the leading cause of death among young adults across the globe, emergency department care of polytrauma patients is a crucial aspect of optimized care and premature death prevention. Unfortunately, many studies have highlighted important gaps in collaboration among different trauma team professionals, posing a major quality of care challenge. Using the conceptual framework for interprofessional teamwork (IPT) of Reeves, Lewin, Espin, and Zwarenstein (2010), the aim of this qualitative descriptive exploratory study was to better understand IPT from the perspective of health professionals in emergency department care of polytrauma patients, specifically by identifying factors that facilitate and impede IPT. Data was collected from a sample of seven health professionals involved in the care of polytrauma patients, through individual interviews and a focus group. In a second phase, two structured observations of polytrauma patient care were conducted. Following a thematic analysis, results show multiple factors affecting IPT, which can be divided into five broad categories: individual, relational, processual, organizational and contextual. Individual factors, a category that is not part of the conceptual framework of Reeves et al. (2010), also emerged as playing a major part in IPT.

Keyphrases: Teamwork, Polytrauma patient, Traumatology, Emergency care, Qualitative study
Another kind of team : an ethnographic look at contemporary Inuit dog race in Nunavik

Le projet vise à dresser un portrait ethnographique de la course Ivakkak, un évènement sportif communautaire, organisé annuellement à Nunavik depuis 2001. Cette course célèbre la tradition de traîneau à chien inuit (« Ivakkak - the return of the Inuit dog », tel est le titre officiel de l’événement), mais consiste également en une fête sociale très populaire chez les locaux. L’objectif principal est de connaître l’état actuel des relations humains-qimmiit (chiens inuits) au Nunavik à travers une observation compréhensive de l’édition 2020 de la course Ivakkak. Plus précisément, le projet porte sur trois volets principaux: premièrement, l’organisation et le déroulement d’Ivakkak, ses significations sociale, culturelle, voire politique, pour les participants et pour les spectateurs; deuxièmement, les techniques de traîneau et de dressage ainsi; finalement, les relations humain-chien dans un contexte de compétition sportive spécifique. Le projet tente de saisir l’importance d’Ivakkak et des qimutsiit, « dog team », dans la modernité inuite, du point de vue des Nunavimmiut. Les résultats de ce projet révèlent que, malgré le fait qu’il soit largement sous-représenté dans les médias du Sud, Ivakkak constitue un univers d’une grande richesse, créé et soutenu par les Inuits et leurs partenaires canins, dans une configuration qu’on ne peut difficilement assimiler aux autres compétitions de traîneau à chiens ailleurs dans le monde. This project in ethnology examines the contemporary Inuit dog sledding practices (Inuktitut: qimutsik) and their place in modern Inuit society in Nunavik, Québec, Canada. In particular, this project attempts to document and analyze the Ivakkak race, an annual Inuit dogsled race in Nunavik, from the Inuit cultural perspective. The project presents an ethnographic portrait of the event, as complete as it could be, given the circumstantial limitations imposed by the 2020 Covid pandemic. The findings presented in this document cover key features of Ivakkak, including its administrative and sportive dimensions, its pan-regional communal aspects, its performative and athletic traits, and most importantly, its multi-species cultural-social integration specific to the contemporary Inuit life in Nunavik. The findings show that, although largely underrepresented in the mainstream media (sport and cultural outlets), Ivakkak encapsulates a unique universe, built and sustained by dog-human partners in ways unrivaled by any modern dogsledding competition in the Northern hemisphere.

Keyphrases: qimmiit, Inuit, Ivakkak, Nunavik, Chien, Traîneau à chiens, Relation humain-chien, Événement sportif, qimutsik, Inuit, dogs, dogteam, dogsledding, Ivakkak, Nunavik, human-dog relations, sports