NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Links between the mother-adolescent and father-adolescent relationships and adolescent depression : a genetically informed study

This study examined the unique roles of support and conflict in the relationship with the mother and the father in predicting changes in adolescents’ depressive symptoms over a 1- year period. Potential moderating effects of genetic factors (Gene × Environment interaction) and sex were also investigated. This study utilized a design of twins raised in the same family, based on a sample of 121 monozygotic and 88 dizygotic same-sex twin pairs (418 individuals; 52.2% girls) assessed in Grade 8 (M = 14.09, SD = .29) and in Grade 9 (M = 15.07, SD = .26). Depressive symptoms and the parent–adolescent relationship quality were measured with selfreport questionnaires. Multilevel regressions revealed that a lack of support in the father– adolescent relationship predicted increased depressive symptoms among all adolescents, whereas conflict in the father–adolescent relationship predicted increased depressive symptoms more strongly as adolescents’ genetic vulnerability for depressive symptoms increased. Moreover, a high level of support in the relationship with the mother predicted increased depressive symptoms in boys—but not girls—with a high genetic risk for such problems. In line with a diathesis-stress model of psychopathology, these findings suggest that relationship quality with both parents might impact girls’ and boys’ depressive symptoms but that these associations depend to some extent on adolescents’ genetic vulnerabilities.

Keyphrases: Parent-adolescent relationship, Relationship quality, Adolescent depression, Twin study, Gene-environment interaction
Trajectories of gambling problems from mid-adolescence to age 30 in a general population cohort

Studies of gambling starting before adulthood in the general population are either cross-sectional, based on the stability of these behaviors between 2 time points, or cover a short developmental period. The present study aimed at investigating the developmental trajectories of gambling problems across 3 key periods of development, mid-adolescence, early adulthood, and age 30, in a mixed-gender cohort from the general population. Using a semiparametric mixture model, trajectories were computed based on self-reports collected at ages 15 (N = 1,882), 22 (N = 1,785), and 30 (N = 1,358). Two distinct trajectories were identified: 1 trajectory including males and females who were unlikely to have experienced gambling problems across the 15-year period, and 1 trajectory including participants likely to have experienced at least 1 problem over the last 12 months at each time of assessment. Participants following a high trajectory were predominantly male, participated frequently in 3 to 4 different gambling activities, and were more likely to report substance use and problems related to their alcohol and drug consumption at age 30. Thus, gambling problems in the general population are already observable at age 15 in a small group of individuals, who maintain some level of these problems through early adulthood, before moderately but significantly desisting by age 30, while also experiencing other addictive behaviors and related problems

Keyphrases: Gambling problems, Trajectories, Development, Substance use, Population
New evidence of factor structure and measurement invariance of the SDQ across five European nations

The main purpose of the present study  was to test the internal structure and to study the  measurement invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), self -reported version,  in five European countries. The sample consisted of 3012 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years  ( M  = 14.20;  SD  = .83). The five -factor model (with correlated errors added), and the five -factor model  (with correlated errors added)  with the reverse -worded items allowed to cross -load on the Prosocial  subscale, displayed adequate goodness of -fit indices. Multi -group confirmatory factor analysis showed  that the five -factor model had partial strong measurement invariance by countries.  A total of 11 of the  25 items  were non -invariant across samples.  The level of internal consistency of the Total difficulties  score was .84, ranging between .69 and .78  for the SDQ subscales . The findings indicate that the  SDQ’s scales need to be modified in various ways for screening emotional and behavioural problems in  the five European countries that were analyzed.

Keyphrases: SDQ, Self-report, Adolescents, Factorial Structure, Measurement Invariance, Behavioural problems
Persistent genetic and family-wide environmental contributions to early number knowledge
and later achievement in mathematics

This study investigated the stable and transient genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in number knowledge in the transition from preschool (age 5) to Grade 1 (age 7) and to the predictive association between early number knowledge and later math achievement (age 10–12). We conducted genetic simplex modeling across these three time points. Genetic variance was transmitted from preschool number knowledge to late-elementary math achievement; in addition, significant genetic innovation (i.e., new influence) occurred at ages 10 through 12 years. The shared and nonshared environmental contributions decreased during the transition from preschool to school entry, but shared and nonshared environment contributed to the continuity across time from preschool number knowledge to subsequent number knowledge and math achievement. There was no new environmental contribution at time points subsequent to preschool. Results are discussed in light of their practical implications for children who have difficulties with mathematics, as well as for preventive intervention.

Keyphrases: Number knowledge, Mathematics achievement, Longitudinal study, Genetically sensitive design, Innovations, Continuity
The gene–environmental architecture of the development of adolescent substance use

Background: Using a longitudinal twin design and a latent growth curve/autoregressive approach, this study examined the genetic-environmental architecture of substance use across adolescence. Methods: Self-reports of substance use (i.e., alcohol, marijuana) were collected at ages 13, 14, 15 and 17 years from 476 twin pairs (475 boys, 477 girls) living in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Substance use increased linearly across the adolescent years. Results: ACE modeling revealed that genetic, as well as shared and non-shared environmental factors explained the overall level of substance use and that these same factors also partly accounted for growth in substance use from age 13 to age 17. Additional genetic factors predicted the growth in substance use. Finally, autoregressive effects revealed age-specific nonshared environmental influences and, to a lesser degree, age-specific genetic influences, which together accounted for the stability of substance use across adolescence. Conclusions: The results support and expand the notion that genetic and environmental influences on substance use during adolescence are both developmentally stable and developmentally dynamic.

Keyphrases: Substance use, Adolescence, Growth curve modeling, Genetic and environmental influences, Twin design
The validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) among Australian adolescents

Aims: This study investigated the validity of a brief personality screening measure for substance use in adolescents, the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS), among Australian adolescents. Design and participants: A total of 527 adolescents (mean age: 13.38 years, SD=0.43) from seven Australian schools were assessed at two time points 24 months apart. The concurrent and predictive validity of the SURPS was determined using a series of linear and logistic regressions, and was compared to the results in a United Kingdom (UK) sample. SURPS subscale scores for the Australian population were also reported and compared to those in the UK. Findings: Overall, the SURPS subscale scores for Australian adolescents were similar to those for adolescents from the UK. Tests of concurrent and predictive validity in the Australian sample demonstrated that the all four personality profiles - Hopelessness (H), Anxiety Sensitivity (AS), Impulsivity (IMP), and Sensation Seeking (SS) - were related to measures of substance use and other behavioural and emotional characteristics. In addition, all the predicted specific prospective relationships between the personality profiles and particular substance use and other behavioural problems were confirmed except that H was not associated with illicit drug use. Overall, the results were similar between the Australian and UK samples. Conclusions: The SURPS is a valid and useful measure for identifying Australian adolescents at high-risk for substance use and other emotional and behavioural problems. Implications for prevention are discussed.

Keyphrases: Prevention, Personality, Substance use, Adolescence, SURPS
Can sports mitigate the effects of depression and aggression on peer rejection?

This study examined whether sports participation moderates the longitudinal link of depressive and aggressive symptoms with increased peer rejection. The sample consisted of 291 adolescents (50.5% girls), assessed at ages 12 and 13 years. Depressive and aggressive symptoms as well as peer rejection were assessed through peer nominations, whereas participation in team and individual sports was assessed via adolescents' self-reports. Regression analyses revealed that boys – but not girls – who displayed high levels of depressive symptoms experienced an increase in peer rejection. However, participation in team sports mitigated the association between depressive symptoms and increased peer rejection in boys, whereas participation in individual sports exacerbated that same association. Although aggressive symptoms were also associated with an increase in peer rejection for boys and girls, sports participation did not moderate this link. These results support the usefulness especially of team sports as part of prevention activities for vulnerable youth.

Keyphrases: Depression, Aggression, Peer rejection, Sports participation
Prospective links between friendship and early physical aggression : preliminary evidence supporting the role of friendship quality through a dyadic intervention

Positive friendships have been related to decreasing levels of children’s physical aggression over time. While this evidence calls for interventions aimed at helping children build good-quality friendships, tests of causality through experimental manipulations are still needed. The goal of this study was to examine whether an intervention aimed to increase dyadic friendship quality could decrease children’s physical aggression at the peer-group level over a school year. A total of 34 aggressive children and each child’s best friend were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental condition where the members in each dyad participated together in 12 weekly intervention sessions and a no-intervention control condition. Multiple sources were used to evaluate changes in friendship quality and children’s physical aggression. Results showed an indirect effect of the intervention on decreasing levels of physical aggression through the improvement of one specific feature of friendship quality: conflict resolution. These results point to the usefulness of including this relational aspect in intervention programs targeting aggressive children.

Keyphrases: Physical aggression, Friendship quality, Conflict resolution, Mutual aid, Positive affect, Dyadic intervention
A longitudinal empirical investigation of the pathways model of problem gambling

Background and Aims: The Pathways Model of Problem Gambling suggests the existence of three developmental pathways to problem gambling, each differentiated by a set of predisposing biopsychosocial characteristics: Behaviorally Conditioned (BC), Emotionally Vulnerable (EV), and Biologically Vulnerable (BV) gamblers. This study examined the empirical validity of the Pathways Model among adolescents followed up to early adulthood. Design: A prospectivelongitudinal design was used, thus overcoming limitations of past studies that used concurrent or retrospective designs. Setting: Two samples were used: a) a population sample of French-speaking adolescents (N = 1,033) living in low socio-economic status (SES) neighborhoods from the Greater Region of Montreal (Quebec, Canada), and b) a population sample of adolescents (N = 3,017), representative of French-speaking students in Quebec. Participants: Only participants with at-risk or problem gambling by mid-adolescence or early adulthood were included in the main analysis (n = 180). Analyses: Latent Profile Analyses were conducted to identify the optimal number of profiles, in accordance with participants’ scores on a set of variables prescribed by the Pathways Model and measured during early adolescence: depression, anxiety, impulsivity, hyperactivity, antisocial/aggressive behavior, and drug problems. Findings: A four-profile model fit the data best. Three profiles differed from each other in ways consistent with the Pathways Model (i.e., BC, EV, and BV gamblers). A fourth profile emerged, resembling a combination of EV and BV gamblers. Conclusions: Four profiles of at-risk and problem gamblers were identified. Three of these profiles closely resemble those suggested by the Pathways Model.

Keyphrases: Adolescence, Early adulthood, Gambling, Longitudinal design, Pathways model
A mindfulness-based intervention pilot easibility study for elementary school students with severe learning difficulties : effects on internalized and externalized symptoms from an emotional regulation perspective

Objective.   Students with severe learning disabilities often show signs of anxiety, depression, and problem behaviors such as inattention and conduct problems. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in school settings constitute a promising option to alleviate these co-occurring symptoms. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of an MBI on symptoms and behaviors of elementary school students with severe learning disabilities.    Method.   A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The sample comprised 14 students aged 9 to 12 years with special education needs. Both student-report and teacher-report of the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition were used.    Results.   Repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed a significant impact of the MBI on symptoms and behaviors such as anxiety, depression, inattention, aggression, and conduct problems. Effect sizes for all variables were considered large (partial η2 = .31-.61).    Conclusion.   These preliminary results indicate that MBIs can reduce the frequency of symptoms and problem behaviors often found in children with learning disabilities in elementary schools. Further multiple baseline experimental trials with a long-term follow-up are warranted to establish more robustly the effect of MBIs for children with learning disabilities.

Keyphrases: Mindfulness-based meditation, Learning disabilities, Anxiety, Depression, Inattention, Hyperactivity, School psychology
L’évaluation développementale et cognitive de l’enfant d’âge préscolaire en clinique psychiatrique

Une recension a permis de constituer un répertoire de 181 mesures (en anglais ou en français) d’évaluation du développement général, cognitif, langagier et des fonctions sensorimotrices des enfants d’âge préscolaires. Selon les réponses de 26 experts consultés, seulement 66,8 % de ces mesures sont connues; 38,7 % furent recommandées par 2 répondants ou plus et 6,7 par 10 ou plus. La majorité des instruments populaires sont en anglais et certains sont désuets ou peu validés. Un plus grand intérêt envers ce type d’évaluation est nécessaire pour favoriser une pratique évaluative auprès des jeunes enfants basée sur les données probantes et tenant compte des réalités locales. All available French or English measures designed to assess preschool age children’s general, cognitive, language and sensorimotor development where identified. Experts (n=26) where then asked to review the 181 measures documented. Results revealed that 66.8 % of the tools where known, 38.7 % were recommended by two or more experts and 6.7 % by 10 experts or more. The majority of the more popular measures were in English and some had very little or outdated validation. An increased interest toward evidence-based assessment taking local aspects into account is necessary to improve clinical practice with young children.

Keyphrases: Développement, Enfants d’âge préscolaire, Outils d’évaluation, Psychiatrie factuelle, Pratique clinique, Multidisciplinaire, Development, Preschool age children, Assessment tools, Evidence-based psychiatry, Clinical practice, Multidisciplinary
La pertinence de l'inquiétude parentale pour le développement langagier du jeune enfant référé en psychiatrie

The prevalence of unsuspected language deficits, high in clinical settings, was examined in a sample of 167 clinic-referred preschoolers (aged 3 to 5): 73.1 % were diagnosed with a language disorder, which is consistent with rates reported by the literature. The sensitivity of parental worry for language development was particularly high (88.5 %). However, for 25.5 % of non-worried parents, the child also had language deficits. The non-detection of language deficits can lead to significant negative consequences for the development of the child who presents behavioral problems. It therefore needs to be prevented as soon as possible. La prévalence des déficits langagiers insoupçonnés, élevée en milieux cliniques, a été examinée dans un échantillon de 167 enfants (3 à 5 ans) référés en psychiatrie : 73,1 % sont diagnostiqués avec un trouble du langage, ce qui concorde avec les taux rapportés par la littérature. La sensibilité de l’inquiétude parentale pour le développement langagier est particulièrement élevée (88,5 %). Cependant, pour 25,5 % des parents non inquiets, l’enfant présente aussi des déficits langagiers. La non-détection des déficits langagiers peut entrainer des conséquences négatives majeures pour l’évolution de l’enfant en difficulté comportementale et nécessite donc d’être prévenue le plus tôt possible.

Keyphrases: Preschool, Psychiatry, Language disorder, Parental worry, Sensitivity, Specificity, Préscolaire, Psychiatrie, Trouble du langage, Inquiétude parentale, Sensibilité, Spécificité
Les représentations d’attachement de mères d’accueil

Cet article souligne la pertinence de la théorie de l’attachement dans la question du placement en famille d’accueil d’enfants en difficulté. Les résultats présentés sont issus d’un projet de recherche visant à accroître les connaissances sur les familles d’accueil au Québec. L’un des objectifs de l’étude était d’explorer les caractéristiques des mères d’accueil, notamment leurs représentations en regard de l’attachement, afin d’en faire un portrait descriptif. Les résultats mettent en lumière une grande proportion de mères avec des représentations d’attachement non résolues, proportion comparable à celles retrouvées parmi les populations cliniques. Les enjeux entourant ces résultats sont discutés. This article outlined the relevance of attachment theory in the placement of children in foster families. The authors present the results of a study conducted on a sample of foster families from Quebec Province. The main goal of the research was to explore and describe feature characteristics of attachment representations in foster mothers. Findings revealed that the proportion of foster mothers with unresolved attachment style is similar to that found in clinical populations. Issues related to those results are discussed.

Keyphrases: Familles d'accueil, Représentations, Style d'attachement, Entrevue d'attachement adulte, Mères, Mothers, Foster families, Representations, Attachment styles, Adult attachment interview
Projet pilote d’implantation d’un plan de soins de suivi (PSS)

Depuis 2006, l’Institute of Medecine (IOM) recommande de fournir un « plan de soins de suivi (PSS) » aux survivants du cancer terminant leurs traitements actifs, afin de favoriser une approche de soins globale et coordonnée. Dans un récent rapport au sujet de l’expérience des patients atteints de cancer, le Partenariat canadien contre le cancer (2018) recommande aussi la remise d’un plan de soins à la fin des traitements. D’ailleurs, plusieurs autres organisations de grande renommée, telles que LiveStrong, The Oncology Nursing Society et The American Society of Clinical Oncology,(Downs-Holmes, Dracon, Svarovsky et Sustin, 2014) et Agrément Canada soutiennent le développement et l’utilisation du PSS dans les soins aux survivants du cancer (Agrément Canada, 2016). Ce stage a consisté à sélectionner, adapter et à mettre à l’essai un PSS, au CIUSSS de l’Est-de-l’île-de-Montréal. Les activités du stage étaient guidées par les sept phases du cycle d’action du cadre de référence « Knowledge to action » de Graham et al. (2006), permettant d’implanter une connaissance basée sur les résultats probants. Ceci a permis de sélectionner et d’adapter un PSS; d’élaborer une procédure de complétion et de remise du PSS au patient; d’identifier les barrières et les facilitants à l’implantation du PSS; de planifier et d’exécuter des interventions de facilitation à l’implantation du PSS; et de recueillir les commentaires des infirmières et des survivants ayant participé à la mise à l’essai du PSS. Conformément à l’approche de soins du partenariat patient, certaines activités ont été effectuées en collaboration avec un patient ressource, en plus des membres de l’équipe interdisciplinaire et de gestionnaires. Ce rapport de stage présente donc le déroulement des activités ayant menées à l’atteinte des objectifs précédemment énumérés, ainsi que des recommandations pour sélectionner, adapter et implanter un PSS.

Keyphrases: plan de soins de suivi, pss, survivant du cancer, transfert des connaissances, partenariat patient, Cancer survivor, Knowledge transfer, Survivorship care plan, SCP
Gestion des équipements d’imagerie médicale

Le présent rapport fait l’objet de l’expérience acquise pendant mon projet au sein du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de- Montréal, et plus précisément au sein de l’Hôpital général juif (CIUSSS-CODIM-HGJ) d’une durée de quatre mois, et ce dans le cadre de la maîtrise en génie clinique. Pendant ce stage, mon mandat a été le remplacement et l’acquisition des équipements médicaux d’imagerie au sein de divers départements à savoir hémodynamie, cardiologie, angiographie, mammographie, CT, IRM, urgence, bloc opératoire, orthopédie, radiologie et urologie. À cet effet, le rapport présente un descriptif de l’imagerie et résume les projets d’acquisition et activités effectués au sein de ces départements. This report is the subject of the experience gained from my internship / project at Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-CODIM), and more specifically at the Jewish General Hospital for a period of four months, in the context of the Master's degree in Clinical Engineering. During this internship, my mandate was the replacement and acquisition of medical imaging equipment in various departments including hemodynamics, cardiology, angiography, mammography, CT, MRI, emergency, operating room, orthopedics, radiology and urology. To this end, the report presents a description of the imagery and summarizes the acquisition projects and activities carried out within these departments.

Keyphrases: Génie biomédical, Génie clinique, Imagerie, Acquisition, Remplacement, Radiologie, Cardiologie, Hémodynamie, Angiographie, Mammographie, CT, IRM, Urgence, Bloc opératoire, Orthopédie, Urologie, CIUSSS-CODIM-HGJ, CT, Acquisition, CT, Biomedical engineering, Clinical engineering, Project, Imaging, Replacement, Radiology, Cardiology, Angiography, Mammography, CT, MRI, Emergency, Operating room, Orthopedics, Urology