NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
The influence of residential workers social climate on the use of restraint and seclusion : a longitudinal study in a residential treatment center for youth

Restraint and seclusion (R&S) are two types of interventions residential workers can use to manage aggressive behaviors in youth residential treatment centers (RTC). Factors related to the environment, children, and residential workers have all been associated with their use. Although research in psychiatric settings has shown a relationship between social climate and the use of R&S, no similar studies have been conducted in RTC. The first objective of this paper was to assess the extent to which social climate was associated with the use of R&S in RTC. The second objective was to observe how each dimension of social climate predicted the use of R&S. To accomplish this, a sample of 198 residential workers completed a monthly questionnaire on their unit’s social climate at three different time points. Crossed-lagged analyses were performed to test associations between different dimensions of social climate and the use of R&S over time. Results suggest that good communication and openness among team members are associated with lower rates of R&S use while the focus on common objectives and planning are associated with an increased use of these measures. Perceptions of a negative team climate were not associated with the use of R&S. Results imply that if residential workers had the time and the training needed to meet the needs of individual children they would favor alternative interventions instead of worrying about creating tensions with colleagues.

Keyphrases: Residential care, Youth, Restraint, Seclusion, Social climate, Residential workers
Antiplatelet therapy for atherothrombotic disease in 2022 : from population to patient-centered approaches

Antiplatelet agents, with aspirin and P2Y12 receptor antagonists as major key molecules, are currently the cornerstone of pharmacological treatment of atherothrombotic events including a variety of cardio- and cerebro-vascular as well as peripheral artery diseases. Over the last decades, significant changes have been made to antiplatelet therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. The shift from a population-based approach to patient-centered precision medicine requires greater awareness of individual risks and benefits associated with the different antiplatelet strategies, so that the right patient gets the right therapy at the right time. In this review, we present the currently available antiplatelet agents, outline different management strategies, particularly in case of bleeding or in perioperative setting, and develop the concept of high on-treatment platelet reactivity and the steps toward person-centered precision medicine aiming to optimize patient care.

Keyphrases: Platelets, Aspirin, P2Y12 receptor antagonists, Cardiovascular disease, Precision medicine, Bleeding, Surgery
Untargeted and targeted metabolomics reveal that adenosine nucleotides released in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae supernatant inhibit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most devastating viruses in the swine industry and causes major economic losses. To date, there has not been an effective antiviral treatment for the disease. We have shown in previous studies that culture supernatant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, possesses antiviral activity in vitro against PRRSV, and we have clearly established that the antiviral activity was mediated by small molecular weight (i.e., <1 kDa), heat resistant metabolites present in the App supernatant ultrafiltrates. However, the identity of those metabolites remains unknown. The objective of the current study was to identify the active metabolites using untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and test their respective antiviral activity against PRRSV in the Jude Porcine Lung Epithelial Cell Line (SJPL). The results presented reveal very significant antiviral activity of App supernatant ultrafiltrates against PRRSV in SJPL cells. Consequently, we identified and quantified several adenosine nucleotide metabolites present in App supernatant ultrafiltrates using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, and the concentrations detected were very high. SJPL cells infected with PRRSV and treated with 2′-adenosine monophosphate (2-AMP), 3′-adenosine monophosphate (3-AMP) or 5′-adenosine monophosphate (5-AMP) significantly reduced PRRSV infection. Interestingly, many antiviral drugs or prodrugs are adenosine analogs, and the mechanism of action was previously elucidated. Currently marketed nucleoside analog drugs could potentially be used to treat PRRSV infection.

Keyphrases: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App), St. jude porcine lung epithelial cell line (SJPL), Antiviral, High-performance liquid chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Metabolomics, Adenosine nucleosides
Evaluation of recombinant Herpesvirus of Turkey
Laryngotracheitis (rHVT-LT) Vaccine against Genotype VI
Canadian Wild-Type Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
(ILTV) Infection

In Alberta, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infection is endemic in backyard poultry flocks; however, outbreaks are only sporadically observed in commercial flocks. In addition to ILTV vaccine revertant strains, wild-type strains are among the most common causes of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). Given the surge in live attenuated vaccine-related outbreaks, the goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a recombinant herpesvirus of turkey (rHVT-LT) vaccine against a genotype VI Canadian wild-type ILTV infection. One-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens were vaccinated with the rHVT-LT vaccine or mock vaccinated. At three weeks of age, half of the vaccinated and the mock-vaccinated animals were challenged. Throughout the experiment, weights were recorded, and feather tips, cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected for ILTV genome quantification. Blood was collected to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and quantify CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. At 14 dpi, the chickens were euthanized, and respiratory tissues were collected to quantify genome loads and histological examination. Results showed that the vaccine failed to decrease the clinical signs at 6 days post-infection. However, it was able to significantly reduce ILTV shedding through the oropharyngeal route. Overall, rHVT-LT produced a partial protection against genotype VI ILTV infection.

Keyphrases: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, rHVT-LT recombinant vaccine, Chicken, Immune response
Efects of ketamine optical isomers, psilocybin, psilocin and norpsilocin on time estimation and cognition in rats

Rationale Ketamine and psilocybin belong to the rapid-acting antidepressants but they also produce psychotomimetic efects including timing distortion. It is currently debatable whether these are essential for their therapeutic actions. As depressed patients report that the “time is dragging,” we hypothesized that ketamine and psilocybin-like compounds may produce an opposite efect, i.e., time underestimation, purportedly contributing to their therapeutic properties. Objectives Timing was tested following administration of (R)- and (S)-ketamine, and psilocybin, psilocin, and norpsilocin in the discrete-trial temporal discrimination task (TDT) in male rats. Timing related to premature responses, and cognitive and unspecifc efects of compounds were tested in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) in the standard 1-s, and “easier” 2-s stimulus duration conditions, as well as in the vITI variant promoting impulsive responses. Results (S)-ketamine (15 but not 3.75 or 7.5 mg/kg) shifted psychometric curve to the right in TDT and reduced premature responses in 5-CSRTT, suggesting expected time underestimation, but it also decreased the accuracy of temporal discrimination and increased response and reward latencies, decreased correct responses, and increased incorrect responses. While (R)-ketamine did not afect timing and produced no unspecifc actions, it reduced incorrect responses in TDT and increased accuracy in 5-CSRTT, suggesting pro-cognitive efects. Psilocin and psilocybin produced mainly unspecifc efects in both tasks, while norpsilocin showed no efects. Conclusions Time underestimation produced by (S)-ketamine could be associated with its antidepressant efects; however, it was accompanied with severe behavioral disruption. We also hypothesize that behavioral disruption produced by psychedelics objectively refects their psychotomimetic-like actions.

Keyphrases: Time perception, Cognition, Ketamine, Psilocybin, Rapid antidepressant, Rat
Absorption and luminescence spectroscopy of transition metal
compounds : from coordination geometries to excited-state
properties

Absorption spectra of transition metal compounds provide important experimental information for the understanding of their chemistry. The combination with luminescence spectra yields quantitative insight on excited-state properties, in particular from spectra with resolved vibronic structure measured at low temperature. Three categories of complexes are used to illustrate how their electronic structure can be characterized in detail. The first examples are aquo complexes of first row d-block metal ions with absorption spectra showing interference dips, the second category are trans-dioxo rhenium(V) complexes with metal-ligand single and double bonds leading to luminescence spectra with characteristic vibronic structure, and finally square-planar complexes of palladium(II) and platinum(II) with large changes of luminescence intensities and wavelengths induced by external pressure are presented. Les spectres d’absorption des composés des éléments de transition sont d’importance primordiale pour la caractérisation de leurs structures et liaisons chimiques. La combinaison de spectres d’absorption et de luminescence mène à des informations quantitatives sur les états électroniques excités, surtout si les spectres montrent de la structure vibronique résolue, ce qui est régulièrement le cas pour des mesures effectuées à basse température. Trois catégories de complexes métalliques sont utilisées pour illustrer l’application de ces techniques spectroscopiques. Le premier groupe sont des complexes aquo d’ions de la série 3d avec des spectres d’absorption qui montrent des creux d’interférence. Les composés de la deuxième série, des complexes transdioxo du rhénium(V), ont des spectres de luminescence avec des patrons de pics vibroniques caractéristiques, déterminés par les liaisons métal-ligand simples et multiples. La dernière famille sont les complexes de structure plan-carrée du palladium(II) et du platine(II) qui montrent des grands changements de leurs intensités et longueurs d’onde de luminescence sous l’influence d’une pression externe.

Keyphrases: Absorption spectroscopy, Luminescence spectroscopy, Transition metal complexes, Award lecture, Review
Pressure-induced change of d-d luminescence energies, vibronic structure and band intensities in transition metal complexes

The effects of hydrostatic pressure on the luminescence spectra of tetragonal transition metal complexes with nondegenerate electronic ground states are analyzed quantitatively by means of models based on potential energy surfaces defined along normal coordinates. Pressure-induced changes of intensity distributions within vibronic progressions, band maxima, electronic origins and relaxation rates are discussed for metal-oxo complexes of rhenium(V) and molybdenum(IV) (d2 electron configuration) and for square-planar complexes of palladium(II) and platinum(II) (d8 electron configuration).

Keyphrases: Luminescence spectroscopy, d-d transitions, Pressure, Metal-oxo complexes, Square-planar complexes, Molybdenum (IV), Palladium (II), Platinum (II), Rhenium (V)
Modern public spaces in Canada : a revaluation

Modern post-war built heritage, such as public spaces, gardens and campuses, is hardly considered worthy of conservation in Canada. Yet the history of built form and the projects of this era deserve attention because they reflect a period of profound change. This article focuses on post-war landscape architecture projects in Canada, especially those with surviving traces, to acknowledge them and, hopefully, help prevent their demolition. Two specific cases are used to shed light on the characteristics and the historical and architectural value of modern landscape architecture in the 1960s and 1970s: the University of Victoria campus and the rooftop garden at Hotel Bonaventure Montréal. At a time of growing awareness of the heritage of public spaces, this article seeks to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of projects created during this period, to help establish an idea of Canadian modern landscape architecture and underscore its value.

Keyphrases: Canada, Modern landscape architecture, Landscape heritage, Public space, Montréal
Répercussions des difficultés dans la compétence scripturale d’enseignants du primaire en contexte d’insertion professionnelle

L’insertion professionnelle des enseignants est problématique dans plusieurs pays, et ce, pour de multiples raisons, dont la lourdeur des tâches professionnelles. Malgré que plusieurs de ces tâches nécessitent l’écriture, certains étudiants en formation initiale ne semblent pas maitriser suffisamment la compétence scripturale qui est requise pour la réalisation des tâches inhérentes au domaine de l’éducation. En nous référant aux différentes dimensions de la compétence scripturale et à la conceptualisation de Vallerand (2008) de l’insertion professionnelle, nous avons tenté de décrire les difficultés dans la compétence scripturale et les répercussions de celles-ci sur les tâches professionnelles et l’insertion professionnelle d’enseignants débutants.

Keyphrases: Enseignants débutants, Compétence scripturale, Insertion professionnelle
Insights on the effect of water content in carburizing gas mixtures on the metal dusting corrosion of iron

Constituents of syngas, such as water, carbon monoxide and sulfides, can cause the degradation of the steel pipes they move through, leading to carbon dusting and corrosion. In spite of considerable attention to this process, many questions remain about its origin. We conduct reactive molecular dynamics simulations of multi-grain iron systems exposed to carburizing gas mixtures to investigate the effect of water content on metal dusting corrosion. To simulate carbon monoxide (CO) dissociation followed by carbon diffusion, we employ an extended-ReaxFF potential that allows accounting for both the high C atoms coordination in bulk iron as well as the lower C coordination at the iron surface and interfaces. The reactions happening in the sample at different water con- centrations and at different time frames are explored. We demonstrate that the presence of water on a clean Fe surface promotes different catalytic reactions at the beginning of the simulations that boost the C, H, O diffusion into the sample. At later stage, the formation of oxide scale leads to an elevated concentration of H2O/OH molecules on the surface due to the decrease in Fe affinity to dissociate water. This results into blocking the Fe catalytic sites leading to lower C and O diffusion to the bulk of the sample.

Keyphrases: Metal dusting corrosion, Molecular dynamics, Reactive force field, Surface reaction, Syngas
Mesures de soutien offertes aux enseignants en insertion professionnelle au Québec et degré d’aide perçue

Pour offrir aux enseignants débutants du soutien pertinent et efficace, il importe de connaître les mesures de soutien qui leur sont octroyées et l’aide réellement perçue par ceux qui en ont bénéficié. L’objectif de cet article est donc, d’une part, d’identifier les mesures de soutien offertes aux enseignants débutants et, d’autre part, de décrire et de comprendre la perception de l’aide apportée par celles-ci. Les données analysées proviennent d’une enquête par questionnaire (n=156) et d’entrevues semi-dirigées (n=10). Les résultats révèlent que les mesures de soutien octroyées le plus souvent aux débutants ne sont pas nécessairement les plus aidantes de leur point de vue. In order to offer novice teachers relevant and effective support, it is important to know which support measures are provided to them and how these teachers benefited from this help. The purpose of this article is, on the one hand, to identify the support measures offered to beginning teachers and, on the other hand, to describe and understand the perception of the help provided by them. The data analyzed are borrowed from a survey (n = 156) and semi-structured interviews (n = 10). The results reveal that the support measures most often offered to novice teachers are not necessarily the most helpful from their point of view.

Keyphrases: Insertion professionnelle, Enseignants débutants, Mesure de soutien, Programme d’insertion professionnelle, Teacher induction, Novice teacher, Support measure, Teacher induction program
L’expérience d’adultes ayant vécu l’unschooling : une approche
phénoménologique

Pour mieux comprendre l’expérience de l’unschooling, des entretiens en profondeur non directifs avec cinq adultes québécois l’ayant vécue ont été menés selon une approche phénoménologique, révélant les perceptions de leur vécu éducatif et de leur famille, ainsi que leur vision du monde. Certains aspects des témoignages corroborent les résultats d’études antérieures concernant l’autodidaxie, l’usage des technologies de l’information, le développement des intérêts et la participation au groupe de soutien; d’autres relèvent des limites quant à l’apprentissage de la persévérance, la poursuite d’objectifs d’apprentissage complexes, l’intégration scolaire et l’évaluation. Les participants parlent aussi de conflits familiaux, d’emprise parentale, de négligence et de l’influence de cette expérience sur leur vision de la société, du travail, du système scolaire et du rôle de l’État en éducation. This study uses a phenomenological approach to gain a better understanding of the effects of unschooling on children (now adults) in Quebec, drawing on in-depth non-directive interviews to gain insight into their educational experience, their families and their views of the world. Some of the information gathered supports the findings of previous studies in respect to self-education, the use of information technologies, the development of interests and participation in support groups; other data suggests limitations in learning to persevere, pursuing complex learning objectives, school integration and assessment. The participants also discussed family conflicts, parental control, neglect and how the experience has affected their views of society, work, the school system and the role of the state in education. Para comprender mejor la experiencia de la unschooling, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y no directivas con cinco adultos quebequenses que la habían experimentado utilizando un enfoque fenomenológico, revelando las percepciones de su experiencia educativa y de su familia, así como su visión del mundo. Algunos aspectos de los testimonios corroboran los resultados de estudios previos sobre el autodidactismo, uso de tecnologías de la información, desarrollo del interés y participación en el grupo de apoyo; otros señalan los límites del aprendizaje de la perseverancia, la búsqueda de objetivos de aprendizaje complejos, la integración escolar y la evaluación. Los participantes también hablan sobre los conflictos familiares, el control parental, el abandono y la influencia de esta experiencia en su visión de la sociedad, el trabajo, el sistema escolar y el papel del Estado en la educación.

Keyphrases: Unschooling, École à la maison, Québec, Phénoménologie, Homeschooling, Unschooling, Quebec, Phenomenology, Unschooling, Escuela en casa, Fenomenología
A gender lens is needed in hepatitis C elimination research

The World Health Organisation has established a goal of eliminating the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat by 2030. Considerable effort is being directed towards research to support and enhance HCV treatment uptake among people who inject drugs, but there is a distinct lack of attention given to gender in this work. We argue that a gender lens is needed to make visible the limitations of current HCV elimination research, and support the development of innovative, inclusive approaches to HCV treatment. Partnerships between researchers and people who inject drugs are essential in this work, particularly in the development and evaluation of programs by and for women who inject drugs. Failure to acknowledge the gendered dimensions of HCV elimination risks entrenching gender disparities in access to treatment and cure.

Keyphrases: People who inject drugs, Gender bias, Gender-based analysis, Hepatitis C, Treatment-as-prevention, Women who inject drugs
Enseignement et rééducation de l’orthographe lexicale : implications didactiques et orthopédagogiques auprès d’élèves faibles orthographieurs

Le présent texte rapporte les implications didactiques et orthopédagogiques liées aux principaux résultats de la recherche portant sur l’impact d’un enseignement explicite des régularités orthographiques sur l’apprentissage de l’orthographe lexicale de bons et faibles orthographieurs (Stanké et al., 2020). L’étude a été réalisée auprès de 201 élèves de troisième année du primaire (CE2) répartis dans 10 groupes expérimentaux et 2 groupes contrôles. Un devis à quatre temps combinant des mesures répétées avant et après l’entrainement a permis de vérifier les effets de cet entrainement sur les élèves des groupes expérimentaux. Les résultats montrent que l’enseignement explicite de l’utilisation des régularités graphotactiques et morphologiques favorise l’apprentissage de l’orthographe lexicale de tous les participants bons et faibles orthographieurs. Ce texte soulève des implications didactiques et orthopédagogiques sur la mise en œuvre de quatre pratiques clés sur laquelle s’est basée la recherche : 1- l’enseignement de stratégies; 2- l’enseignement explicite de règles et de la morphologie ; 3- la correction immédiate et sans erreur ; 4- l’entrainement répété (Wanzek et al., 2006).

Keyphrases: Orthographe lexicale, Enseignement, Orthopédagogie, Difficultés orthographiques, Régularités graphotactiques, Régularités morphologiques