NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Atelier d’architecture 4, Résonances poétiques : musique, architecture et paysage - Nouvelle salle d’opéra de la Faculté de musique de l’UdeM

Catalogue - Travaux étudiants - ARC2012 - Hiver 2020, École d’architecture, Faculté de l’aménagement, Université de Montréal

Keyphrases: Projet d'agrandissement de la Faculté de musique, Atelier d'architecture (2e), Travaux étudiants, Architecture et musique
La prévalence et les causes de la déficience visuelle dans la population en situation d'itinérance de la région de Montréal

Contexte : Les populations marginalisées sont plus à risque de présenter des problèmes de santé. La santé oculovisuelle des personnes en situation d’itinérance est peu étudiée.  Objectifs : Estimer la prévalence de déficiences visuelles, d’erreurs réfractives non corrigées et des pathologies oculaires chez les personnes en situation d’itinérance de Montréal et leur utilisation des soins oculovisuels.  Méthodes : Dix ressources pour personnes en situation d’itinérance dans la région de Montréal ont été choisies par échantillonnage simple stratifié. À chaque lieu, après consentement, 10 participants ont été recrutés aléatoirement et soumis à une évaluation oculovisuelle détaillée (acuités visuelles ETDRS de présentation et avec trou sténopéïque, pression intraoculaire, examen rétinien mydriatique, autoréfractométrie post-mydriase et questionnaire).  Résultats : Parmi les 95 participants, l’âge médian est  de 49 ans (écart interquartile 38,0 – 56,5). La prévalence de déficience visuelle (acuité visuelle de présentation :  meilleur œil < 6/12)  est de 24,2% [IC 95%, 15,6-32,8%], contre 6% au Canada (p < 0,001). Après la mesure de l’acuité visuelle avec trou sténopéïque, cette prévalence chute à 5,2% [IC 95%, 0,7-9,7%]. Parmi ceux présentant une déficience visuelle, 12,6% [IC 95%, 5,9-19,3%] ont une cause uniquement réfractive non corrigée et 6,4% [IC 95%, 1,5-11,3%] présentent une pathologie oculaire (cataracte, glaucome ou autre). Finalement, 18,9% [IC 95%, 11,0-26,8%] ont accédé à des soins oculovisuels dans la dernière année, contre 43,8% au Canada (p < 0,0001) et 2,1% n’ont jamais eu d’examen oculovisuel.  Conclusion : Ces données suggèrent que la prévalence de déficience visuelle dans la population itinérante montréalaise est élevée et que la majorité des causes sont corrigibles de façon réfractive. Malgré une prévalence de déficience visuelle plus élevée que dans la population canadienne, l’utilisation des soins oculovisuels par cette population est insuffisante.  Ceci souligne l’importance d’adapter les modèles d’accès de soins à cette population.

Keyphrases: Homelessness, Visual impairment, Refractive error, Optometry, Ophthalmology
Impact of discretization of the timeline for longitudinal causal inference methods

In longitudinal settings, causal inference methods usually rely on a discretization of the patient timeline that may not reflect the underlying data generation process. This paper investigates the estimation of causal parameters under discretized data. It presents the implicit assumptions practitioners make but do not acknowledge when discretizing data to assess longitudinal causal parameters. We illustrate that differences in point estimates under different discretizations are due to the data coarsening resulting in both a modified definition of the parameter of interest and loss of information about time-dependent confounders. We further investigate several tools to advise analysts in selecting a timeline discretization for use with pooled Longitudinal Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation for the estimation of the parameters of a marginal structural model. We use a simulation study to empirically evaluate bias at different discretizations and assess the use of the cross-validated variance as a measure of data support to select a discretization under a chosen data coarsening mechanism. We then apply our approach to a study on the relative effect of alternative asthma treatments during pregnancy on pregnancy duration. The results of the simulation study illustrate how coarsening changes the target parameter of interest as well as how it may create bias due to a lack of appropriate control for time-dependent confounders. We also observe evidence that the cross-validated variance acts well as a measure of support in the data, by being minimized at finer discretizations as the sample size increases.

Keyphrases: Electronic health data, Coarsening, TMLE, Semi-parametric estimation, Cross-validation
Effects of multiple concussions on retired national hockey league players

The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings and lived experiences of multiple concussions in professional hockey players using hermeneutic, idiographic, and inductive approaches within an interpretative phenomenological analysis. The interviewer was an athlete who had suffered multiple concussions, and the interviewees were five former National Hockey League athletes who had retired due to medically diagnosed concussions suffered during their careers. The men discussed the physical and psychological symptoms they experienced as a result of their concussions and how the symptoms affected their professional careers, personal relationships, and quality of life. The former professional athletes related these symptoms to the turmoil that is ever present in their lives. These findings are of interest to athletes, coaches, sport administrators, family members, sport psychology practitioners, and medical professionals, as they highlight the severity of short- and long-term effects of concussions.

Keyphrases: Concussions, Hockey, Depression, Social support
Sur les traces de l’archiviste, le devin des temps modernes : Pour une réflexion poétique de l’évaluation à l’ère numérique

Lire les traces. Déchiffrer l’invisible. Transmettre la mémoire du monde. N’y aurait-il pas dans le métier d’archiviste des similitudes avec la figure du devin ? Ce présent travail cherche à faire des rapprochements entre l’archivistique et la divination dans la fonction d’évaluation des archives tout en réfléchissant au rôle social de l’archiviste en matière d’évaluation à l’ère numérique. Le texte explore l’ambigüité terminologique à laquelle s’est heurtée l’évaluation des archives. Dans un deuxième temps, il présente les composantes de l’archive numérique et ses enjeux pour l’archiviste. Finalement, il s’inspire de l’approche postmoderne de l’archiviste Verne Harris développée en l’Afrique du Sud durant la période postapartheid afin de mettre en relief les pouvoirs incantatoires et imaginaires des archives.

Keyphrases: Archives, Archivistique, Archiviste, Évaluation des archives, Civilisation numérique, Ère numérique, Devin, Divination, Création, Narration, Imaginaire, Émotion, Symbolique, Incantations narratives, Verne Harris, Afrique du Sud, Postapartheid, Approche postmoderne, Rôle social de l’archiviste, Mémoire, Archivist, Digital age, Archival science, Appraisal, Selection, Diviner, Divinatory, South Africa, Memory, Imaginary, Emotion, Narrative incantations, Postmodern approach, Social role of the archivist
How IMET your mother : revisiting foreign military training, human capital, and coup risk

How does foreign aid in the form of military training impact civil-military relations in recipient states? Savage and Caverley (2017) find that US foreign military training alters the balance of power between recipient state militaries and their governments, doubling the risk of a military coup. Despite data constraints that limit their analysis to just two training programs, and obvious concerns about selection effects and endogeneity, the result has been cited as evidence that US training increases coup propensity. Employing new and updated data on the full range of US military training programs, we find this effect limited to a single training program, IMET, and thus unrepresentative of the vast array of US training. Our results have implications for foreign aid, civil-military relations, and the design of foreign military training programs.

Keyphrases: Military training, Coups, Civil-military relations, Security assistance
Development, implementation and assessment of a concussion education programme for high school student-athletes

Although experts have noted that adolescent athletes should be educated about concussions to improve their safety, there is no agreement on the most effective strategy to disseminate concussion education. The purpose of this study was to develop, implement and assess a concussion education programme. More precisely, four interactive oral presentations were delivered to high school student-athletes (N = 35, Mage = 15.94, SD = 0.34) in a large urban centre. Participants completed a questionnaire at three time-points during the season to measure changes in their knowledge (CK) and attitudes (CA) of concussions, and focus group interviews were conducted following the concussion education programme. Questionnaire data revealed participants' post-intervention CK scores were higher than their pre-intervention scores. During the focus groups, the student-athletes said they acquired CK about the role of protective equipment and symptom variability, and in terms of CA, they intended to avoid dangerous in-game collisions in the future. Our study was the first to create and deliver a concussion education intervention across multiple time-points, and to use mixed-methods in its assessment. These findings may be of interest to researchers, practitioners and stakeholders in sport who are invested in making the sport environment safer through concussion education and awareness.

Keyphrases: Concussion education, Intervention, Adolescent, Mixed method, Knowledge translation, Injury prevention
Canadian high school coaches’ experiences, insights, and perceived roles with sport-related concussions

There is a need to improve concussion education and prevention efforts for youth athletes and those responsible for their care. The purpose of this study was to understand Canadian high school coaches’ insights and perceptions of concussions. Using a case study design, eight high school coaches were interviewed and the data were analysed using a hierarchical content analysis. Findings indicated that participants primarily acquired information about concussions through their own experiences as athletes and parents, and from reports in the sports media. The coaches’ felt their role with concussions was to teach athletes safety techniques during practices and competitions and to encourage them to accurately report their concussion symptoms. In addition, participants forwarded a number of recommendations to improve the dissemination of information to coaches. Results from this study will add to a limited body of concussion research with youth sport coaches. Participants’ insights provide researchers and clinicians with information about coaches’ perceived role with sport-related concussions.

Keyphrases: Coaching science, Brain concussion, Qualitative research, Concussion education, Concussion-reporting
Ethical issues surrounding concussions and player safety in professional ice hockey

Concussions in professional sports have received increased attention, which is partly attributable to evidence that found concussion incidence rates were much higher than previously thought (Echlin et al. Journal of Neurosurgical Focus 29:1–10, 2010). Further to this, professional hockey players articulated how their concussion symptoms affected their professional careers, interpersonal relationships, and qualities of life (Caron et al. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology 35:168–179, 2013). Researchers are beginning to associate multiple/repeated concussions with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), a structural brain injury that is characterized by tau protein deposits in distinct areas of the brain (McKee et al. Brain 136:43–64, 2013). Taken together, concussions impact many people in the sporting community from current and former professional athletes and their families to medical and health professionals and researchers. In light of the growing awareness and sensitivity towards concussions, the purpose of this paper is to provide recommendations that are designed to improve player safety in professional hockey and address the ethical issues surrounding these suggestions.

Keyphrases: Concussions, Ice hockey, Professional sports, Safety
Distinct miRNA profile of cellular and extracellular
vesicles released from chicken tracheal cells
following avian influenza virus infection

Innate responses provide the first line of defense against viral infections, including the influenza virus at mucosal surfaces. Communication and interaction between different host cells at the early stage of viral infections determine the quality and magnitude of immune responses against the invading virus. The release of membrane-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs), from host cells, is defined as a refined system of cell-to-cell communication. EVs contain a diverse array of biomolecules, including microRNAs (miRNAs). We hypothesized that the activation of the tracheal cells with different stimuli impacts the cellular and EV miRNA profiles. Chicken tracheal rings were stimulated with polyI:C and LPS from Escherichia coli 026:B6 or infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus H4N6. Subsequently, miRNAs were isolated from chicken tracheal cells or from EVs released from chicken tracheal cells. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in treated groups when compared to the control group. Our results demonstrated that there were 67 up-regulated miRNAs, 157 down-regulated miRNAs across all cellular and EV samples. In the next step, several genes or pathways targeted by DE miRNAs were predicted. Overall, this study presented a global miRNA expression profile in chicken tracheas in response to avian influenza viruses (AIV) and toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. The results presented predicted the possible roles of some DE miRNAs in the induction of antiviral responses. The DE candidate miRNAs, including miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-205a, miR-205b and miR-449, can be investigated further for functional validation studies and to be used as novel prophylactic and therapeutic targets in tailoring or enhancing antiviral responses against AIV.

Keyphrases: Chicken, microRNA, Extracellular vesicle, Innate antiviral response, Avian influenza virus
Les tests prénataux : enjeux éthiques et politiques liés à la poursuite de grossesse après détection d’aneuploïdie fœtale

Ce mémoire examine la pratique du dépistage prénatal et du diagnostic prénatal (désormais les tests prénataux ) en deux temps. D’abord, et après une brève mise en contexte, je présente une analyse des facteurs qui ont influencé la mise en place du Programme québécois de dépistage prénatal de la trisomie 21 (PQDPT21). En me basant sur la littérature gouvernementale, je démontre comment un ensemble de pressions politiques, éthiques et sociales a mené à l’impératif d’PQDPT21. Ensuite, je présente une revue de la recherche qualitative à propos de l’expérience de poursuivre une grossesse affectée par l’aneuploïdie fœtale, y compris la trisomie 21. Les principaux résultats de cette revue suggèrent que la  ‘rhétorique’ du choix n’est pas toujours démontrée lorsque les parents amènent à terme un fœtus diagnostiqué avec aneuploïdie. Ensuite, je discuterai de l’ensemble de ces travaux selon le concept foucaldien de biopolitique, où les normes et la normalisation agissent sur la régulation politique et sociale. En conclusion, des recommandations pour la recherche et la pratique sont proposées, principalement la nécessité de documenter l’expérience vécue des personnes qui participent aux tests prénataux et d’intégrer ces constatations dans les décisions politiques et dans l’éducation des professionnels de la santé. This thesis examines the practice of prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis (henceforth “prenatal testing”) from two angles. Firstly, following a brief introduction to provide context, I present a framework analysis of the factors that influenced the implementation of the Trisomy 21 Prenatal Screening Program of Québec (T21PSPQ). Using governmental literature, I demonstrate how a combination of political, ethical and social pressures led to the imperative of the T21PSPQ. I then present a scoping review of primary empirical qualitative research regarding the experiences of continuing a pregnancy affected by fetal aneuploidy, including trisomy 21. The main findings of this review suggest the ‘rhetoric’ of choice is not always demonstrated in cases where prospective parents bring to term a fetus diagnosed with aneuploidy. The results of this work are then discussed through the Foucauldian concept of biopolitics, where norms and normalization are the principal forms of social and political regulation. Finally, recommendations for research and practice are offered, mainly the need to document the lived experience of those participating in prenatal testing and to incorporate those findings into policy making and into education for health care professionals.

Keyphrases: Aneuploïdie foetale, Autonomie reproductive, Dépistage prénatal, Diagnostic prénatal, Éxpérience vécue, Grossesse, Parent prospectif, Politique publique, Syndrome de Down, Trisomie 21, Framework analysis, Scoping review, Down syndrome, Fetal aneuploidy, Lived experience, Pregnancy, Prenatal diagnosis, Prenatal screening, Prospective parent, Public policy, Reproductive autonomy, Trisomy 21
Bird species involved in west nile virus epidemiological cycle in southern Québec

Despite many studies on West Nile Virus (WNV) in the US, including the reservoir role of bird species and the summer shifts of the Culex mosquito, feeding from birds to mammals, there have been few equivalent studies in the neighboring regions of Canada where WNV is endemic. Here, a priority list of bird species likely involved in WNV transmission in the greater Montréal area is constructed by combining three sources of data: (i) from WNV surveillance in wild birds (2002–2015); (ii) blood meal analysis of Culex pipiens–restuans (CPR), the primary enzootic vectors of WNV in the region, collected from surveillance in 2008 and 2014; (iii) literature review on the sero-prevalence/host competence of resident birds. Each of these data sources yielded 18, 23 and 53 species, and overall, 67 different bird species were identified as potential WNV amplifiers/reservoirs. Of those identified from CPR blood meals, Common starlings, American robins, Song sparrows and House sparrows ranked the highest and blood meal analysis demonstrated a seasonal shift in feed preference from birds to mammals by CPR. Our study indicates that there are broad similarities in the ecology of WNV between our region and the northeastern US, although the relative importance of bird species varies somewhat between regions.

Keyphrases: West nile, Wild birds, Culex feeding/host preference, Eco-epidemiology, Québec
Etude électrochimique et spectro-électrochimique de nouveaux composés électrochromes

La recherche intensive sur les matériaux conjugués durant les dernières décennies a permis de mettre en évidence la multitude de propriétés opto-électroniques qu’ils peuvent présenter. Leur compatibilité avec des applications dans divers dispositifs électroniques les rend évident comme alternative aux composés inorganiques, et le fait qu’ils ouvrent la porte sur l’électronique plastique assure que la recherche les concernant n’est pas prête de diminuer. L’utilisation de liaisons azométhines en lieu et place des liaisons « tout-carbone » de type vinylène pour la conception de molécules conjuguées est une alternative intéressante aux méthodes conventionnelles pas très éco-responsables habituellement employées, de par la simplicité relative de leur synthèse et purification. En continuité d’études précédentes, ce mémoire a pour objectif l’analyse des propriétés électro- et spectroélectrochimiques de nouveaux oligomères azométhines fonctionnalisés par des amides, en particulier leur propriété d’électrochromisme. L’influence sur ces propriétés de différents groupements électro-donneurs et électro-attracteurs au centre, ainsi qu’aux extrémités est ainsi présentée. L’emphase est portée sur la pérennité de leur changement de couleur lors de multiples cycles d’oxydation-neutralisation. Intensive research on conjugated materials over the past few decades has highlighted the plethora of opto-electronic properties that these can present. Their compatibility with various electronic devices make them alternatives to inorganic materials, and the fact that they open the path to plastic electronics assures that research about them is not about to diminish soon. Use of azomethine links instead of “all-carbon” vinylene-type double bonds, for the design and conception of conjugated molecules, is a very interesting alternative to the conventional methods, not very eco-friendly, usually employed, mostly due to their relative simplicity in terms of synthesis and purification. Following on previous work, this thesis aim to analyze the electro and spectro-electrochemical properties of a series of new azomethine-oligomeres that are functionalized with amides. Particular emphasis is placed on their electrochromism.. The influence of various electro-donating and electro-attracting groups in the core of the molecules as well as at their termini on the optical and electrochemical properties is presented. The emphasis is placed on demonstrating their robustness and the durability of their color change when undergoing multiple oxidation-neutralization cycles.

Keyphrases: Synthèse, Matériaux conjugués, Azométhine, Electrochimie, Spectro-électrochimie, Electrochromisme, Synthesis, Conjugated materials, Electrochemistry, Spectro-electrochemistry, Electrochromism, Azomethine
The importance of thematic informativeness in narrative discourse recovery in acute post-stroke aphasia

Background: Discourse analysis allows the examination of functional and ecological language impairment in post-stroke aphasia. Given its complexity, various methods of analysis have been developed to measure the multiple components of discourse. Clinical assessment usually includes discourse analysis, but how clinicians should assess recovery of discourse, particularly in acute care settings, is still a matter of debate.  Aims: This study aimed to measure improvements in discourse production in early post-stroke aphasia recovery.  Methods & Procedure: Twenty-three persons with aphasia following a first left middle cerebral artery stroke were recruited in the stroke unit of Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal (May 2015-July 2018). Patients treated with thrombolysis (n = 10) and untreated patients underwent two aphasia assessments (0 to 72 hours, 7 to 14 days post-onset). Discourse assessment consisted of the picture description task from the Western Aphasia Battery. Changes in microlinguistic and thematic informativeness measures between the two assessment periods were analyzed.  Outcomes & Results: In-depth microlinguistic analyses showed no significant difference between the initial and follow-up assessments. Conversely, some thematic informativeness variables improved significantly during the same time period. Patients treated with thrombolysis produced more thematic units than untreated patients at both assessments, but the change between the two groups was not significant.  Conclusions & Implications: This study suggests that thematic informativeness variables are sensitive to language improvement in early post-stroke aphasia recovery whereas no microlinguistic variables improved significantly in the same period. In contrast to previous evidence, the difference between patients treated with thrombolysis and untreated patients was not evident over time. The results suggest that thematic informativeness constitutes an interesting path to explore as a routine clinical assessment in acute-care settings because it is time-efficient, simple to conduct and reliable in assessing early changes in the discourse production of individuals with aphasia in the acute post-stroke phase.

Keyphrases: Aphasia, Discourse, Language recovery, Acute stroke, Informativeness