NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the effectiveness of cybercrime prevention through policy monitoring

This article examines the feasibility of designing and implementing a cybercrime prevention monitoring approach to enhance the quality of knowledge about policies that aim to reduce the prevalence and impact of online harms. Despite very significant investments made by governments over the past decade to improve the cybersecurity of publicly and privately-operated computer systems, there is very limited systematic knowledge about what cybercrime prevention policies have been adopted in various parts of the world and even less knowledge about their effectiveness in reducing the exposure of individuals and organizations to cybercrime. Borrowing from the policy monitoring (or policy surveillance) methodology that was developed in a broad range of fields such as public health and education, this article argues that such an approach would be critical in advancing our understanding of what is being done to control cybercrime, what works, what doesn’t, and what is promising. This article provides an overview of the principles and benefits of the policy monitoring approach, reviews the main features of a sample of 18 policy monitoring platforms, assesses a dozen cybersecurity policy rating initiatives—concluding that very few of them include cybercrime in their framework, then provides a template for the creation of a dedicated cybercrime prevention monitoring tool that would benefit academics, policy-makers and practitioners.

Keyphrases: Policy monitoring, Cybercrime prevention, Evidence-based cybersecurity
Comprehension of concrete and abstract words in patients with selective anterior temporal lobe resection and in patients with selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy

The role of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) in semantic memory is now firmly established. There is still controversy, however, regarding the specific role of this region in processing various types of concepts. There have been reports of patients suffering from semantic dementia (SD), a neurodegenerative condition in which the ATL are damaged bilaterally, who present with greater semantic impairment for concrete concepts than for abstract concepts, an effect known as reversal of the concreteness effect. This effect has previously been interpreted as reflecting degraded visual-perceptual features of objects due to damage to the inferior temporal lobes such as is observed in SD. Temporal lobe atrophy in SD, however, is bilateral even if it usually predominates to the left ATL, and it has been found to extend beyond the ATL, throughout the temporal lobes including medial and posterior temporal lobe regions. The question therefore remains whether greater impairment for concrete concepts results from damage to the ATL or from damage to the visual association cortex, and if unilateral damage can produce such a deficit. The aim of the present study was to investigate the processing of concrete and abstract words in rare patients who underwent a selective ATL surgical resection, and to compare their performance with that of patients with selective medial temporal lobe damage sparing the ATL region. Seven patients with a selective unilateral anterior temporal resection (ATL), 15 patients with a selective unilateral amygdalo-hippocampectomy (SeAH), and 15 healthy ageand education-matched controls underwent detailed neuropsychological assessment and carried out a semantic similarity judgement task evaluating their comprehension of concrete and abstract words. Results showed that both ATL and SeAH groups were significantly impaired on the semantic task relative to the control group. Within the patient groups, however, comprehension of concrete words was significantly more impaired than that of abstract words in the ATL group, while comprehension of abstract and concrete words was equally affected in the SeAH group. Results of this study suggest that the ATL region may play a critical role in processing concrete concepts, and that the reversal of the concreteness effect observed in ATL patients may result from damage to a categorical organization underlying the representation of concrete concepts.

Keyphrases: Semantic memory, Concrete words, Abstract words, Reversal of the concreteness effect, Anterior temporal lobe
Normalisation des systèmes et équipements médicaux et informationnels

Un projet servant à paver le chemin pour la fusion du service génie biomédical au service informatique au sein d'un établissement public de santé. Ce projet inclut des processus pour normaliser l'inventaire du parc d'équipements biomédicaux de l'hôpital, pour le rehaussement de ces systèmes le cas échéant et pour bonifier la collaboration entre ces deux domaines qui tendent à se réunir au fil de l'avancement technologique.

Keyphrases: Normalisation, Équipements médicaux, Systèmes d'informations
An examination of semantic impairment in amnestic MCI and AD : What can we learn from verbal fluency?

Introduction The Verbal Fluency Test (VF) is commonly used in neuropsychology. Some studies have demonstrated a marked impairment of semantic VF compared to phonemic VF in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Since amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is associated with increased risk of conversion to incident AD, it is relevant to examine whether a similar impairment is observed in this population. The objective of the present empirical study is to compare VF performance of aMCI patients to those of AD and elderly controls matched one-to-one for age and education.  Method Ninety-six participants divided into three equal groups (N = 32: AD, aMCI and Controls) were included in this study. Participants in each group were, on average, 76 years of age and had 13 years of education. A repeated measures ANOVA with the Group (AD, aMCI, NC) as between-subject factor and the Fluency condition (“P” and “animals”) as within-subject factor was performed. T-tests and simple ANOVAs were also conducted to examine the interaction.  Results There was a significant interaction between the groups and the verbal fluency condition. In AD, significantly fewer words were produced in both conditions. In contrast, participants with aMCI demonstrated a pattern similar to controls in the phonemic condition, but generated significantly fewer words in the semantic condition.  Conclusion These results indicate a semantic memory impairment in aMCI revealed by a simple, commonly-used neuropsychological test. Future studies are needed to investigate if semantic fluency deficits can help predict future conversion to AD.

Keyphrases: Verbal fluency, aMCI, Alzheimer’s disease, Semantic memory
A longitudinal study of narrative discourse in post-stroke aphasia

Background: Previous findings have demonstrated the importance of discourse analysis in post-stroke aphasia, as it allows for in-depth examination of language impairment and represents key components of functional communication. However, little is known about the recovery of discourse over time. Aims: The main aim of this study is to measure the longitudinal changes in descriptive discourse production from the acute to chronic stages of post-stroke aphasia recovery. The secondary aim is to explore the association between discourse measures and overall language impairment severity measures at different testing points. Methods & Procedure: Seventeen French Canadian speakers with various types and severities of aphasia following a first left middle cerebral artery stroke participated in this study. They underwent three language assessments (acute: 0 to 72 hours; subacute: 7 to 14 days; chronic: 6 to 12 months post-onset). The picture description from the Western Aphasia Battery was analyzed at three time points. Changes in terms of thematic informativeness and microstructural variables were analyzed. Outcomes & Results: Regarding the micro-structural variables, the mean length of utterances (MLU) and the number of words per minute showed significant positive changes between the acute and chronic phases. For the thematic informativeness measures, the number of thematic units (TUs), the number of thematic units per minute (TUs/min) and the number of thematic units per utterance (TUs/utt) 4 increased significantly between the acute and chronic phases. Positive correlations between TUs and MLU in the acute phase and a general language impairment severity measure in the acute and chronic phases suggest a relationship between these measures and global language performance suggesting the potential predictive value of these variables in the acute phase. Conclusions & Implications: These findings support the use of thematic units in descriptive discourse analysis during an acute clinical examination of language as they require minimal additional time to score and track changes in post-stroke aphasia recovery. They capture long-term changes in discourse abilities and appear related to overall language measures in both the acute and chronic stages of recovery. The interpretation of the changes in MLU and the number of words per minute is less straightforward, as improvements in these measures carry different interpretations depending on the type of aphasia. Nonetheless, further studies are required to investigate test-retest reliability and the effect of therapy on the changes observed over time when using thematic units to document change in discourse.

Keyphrases: Aphasia, Discourse, Language recovery, Acute stroke, Informativeness
Effects of dopamine receptor antagonism and
amphetamine-induced psychomotor sensitization on
sign- and goal-tracking after extended training

The dopamine system is important for incentive salience attribution, where motivational value is assigned to conditioned cues that predict appetitive reinforcers. However, the role of dopamine in this process may change with extended training. We tested the effects of dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptor antagonism on the expression of sign-tracking and goal-tracking conditioned responses following extended Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) training. We also tested if amphetamine-induced psychomotor sensitization accelerates the enhanced acquisition of sign-tracking that is observed with extended training. In experiment 1, 24 male Long-Evans rats received 20 PCA sessions in which one lever (CS+, 10 s) predicted 0.2 ml sucrose (10 %, w/v) delivery and the other lever (CS–) did not. SCH-23390 (D1-like antagonist) or eticlopride (D2-like antagonist) were administered before non-reinforced behavioural tests at doses of 0, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/kg (s.c.). In experiment 2, rats received vehicle or 2 mg/kg amphetamine (i.p.) for 7 days (n = 12/group). Ten days later, they received 16 PCA training sessions. Both doses of SCH-23390 reduced sign- and goal-tracking, but also reduced locomotor behaviour. A low dose of eticlopride (0.01 mg/kg) selectively reduced goal-tracking, without affecting sign-tracking or locomotor behaviour. Amphetamine produced psychomotor sensitization, and this did not affect the acquisition of sign- or goal-tracking. Following extended PCA training, dopamine D2-like receptor activity is required for the expression of goal-tracking but not sign-tracking. Psychomotor sensitization to amphetamine did not impact incentive salience attribution; however, more selective manipulations of the dopamine system may be needed.

Keyphrases: Autoshaping, Pavlovian conditioned approach, Sign-tracking, SCH-23390, Eticlopride, Amphetamine
Recueil des résumés : 1er symposium étudiant de l’École de réadaptation de l’Université de Montréal : apprendre à communiquer la recherche pour en optimiser les retombées, En ligne, 3 septembre 2020

Le Symposium étudiant de l’École de réadaptation de l’Université de Montréal est un évènement scientifique organisé par des étudiantes et étudiants des programmes de maitrise et de doctorat en sciences de la réadaptation. Il est ouvert à tous les membres étudiants et stagiaires postdoctoraux de la communauté universitaire des sciences de la santé de l'Université de Montréal (ergothérapie, physiothérapie, sciences de la réadaptation, orthophonie, audiologie, nutrition, kinésiologie). La première édition, intitulée « Apprendre à communiquer la recherche pour en optimiser les retombées », a eu lieu en ligne le 3 septembre 2020. Au cours de cette demi- journée, 17 étudiantes et étudiants de deuxième ou troisième cycle ont présenté leurs travaux portant sur la réadaptation. Les communications étaient sous forme de présentations orales vulgarisées de 3 minutes. Une conférence sur la vulgarisation scientifique aux études supérieures a également été présentée par Christophe Alarie, kinésiologue et étudiant au doctorat en sciences de la réadaptation. Le symposium était organisé en collaboration avec la direction de l'École de réadaptation de l'Université de Montréal et a reçu un financement de la FAÉCUM, du FICSUM et du Fonds d’amélioration de la vie étudiante de l’Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Réadaptation, Adaptation, Innovation, Vulgarisation scientifique
Prospective randomized clinical trial evaluating the effects of two different implant collar designs on peri‐implant healing and functional osseointegration after 25 years

Objectives Evaluate the effects of two different machined‐collar lengths and designs on peri‐implant healing.  Material and Methods An implant with a microtextured surface and 3.6mm‐long internal‐connection machined collar was compared to two implants that had an identical 1.2mm‐long external‐connection machined collar, but one had the microtextured surface while the other's was machined. Participants received the three implants, with microgap at the crest, alternately at five sites between mental foramen, and a full‐arch prosthesis. Peri‐implant bone levels were measured after 23 to 26 years of function. Keratinized tissue height, plaque, probing depth, bleeding, and purulence were also evaluated. Descriptive and mixed models for repeated\measures analyses were used, with Bonferroni correction for pairwise comparisons.  Results Twenty‐two participants (110 implants) were evaluated at the 25‐year examination. Microtextured implants with the longer machined collar had significantly greater mean marginal bone loss (−1.77mm ± 0.18, mean ± SE) than machined (−0.85mm ± 0.18, p < .001) and microtextured (−1.00 ± 0.18mm, p < .001) implants with the shorter machined collar. Keratinized tissue height was greater for internal‐connection (0.74mm ± 0.10) versus external‐connection (0.51 ± 0.08, p =  0.01) microtextured implants. No differences were observed for plaque (p = 0.78), probing depth (p = 0.42), bleeding (p  = 0.07), and purulence (p = 1.00). Implant survival rate was 99%.  Conclusions Implants with the 1.2mm machined collar limited bone loss to 1mm, while those with the longer machined collar showed > 1.5mm loss after 25 years of function with microgap at the crest. Internal‐connection design and fixture surface microtexturing did not result in greater bone preservation.

Keyphrases: Bone-implant interactions, Clinical research/Clinical trials, Periodontology, Prosthodontics, Soft-tissue-implant interactions, Surface chemistry, Surgical techniques, Biomechanics/Finite element analysis
La nucléation à partir de cristaux mixtes : une nouvelle approche pour augmenter la diversité polymorphique

Les composés qui existent sous de multiples formes cristallines sont qualifiés de polymorphiques. Les polymorphes ont la même composition, mais leurs structures et leurs propriétés peuvent varier significativement. Dans de nombreux domaines, les conditions de cristallisation des composés d’intérêt sont étudiées de façon exhaustive afin de générer autant de polymorphes que possible, à partir desquels le polymorphe le plus avantageux pour l’application souhaitée peut être sélectionné. Nous rapportons une nouvelle façon d’augmenter la diversité polymorphique basée sur la cristallisation induite par l’ensemencement à l’aide de cristaux mixtes. Nous rapportons également une nouvelle stratégie de cristallisation de composés fondus suspendus qui permet d’induire la formation de cristaux uniques qui sont trop instables pour être produits par des méthodes traditionnelles. Cette stratégie permet la résolution par diffraction des rayons X d’une plus large variété de structures cristallines. L’efficacité des méthodes présentées ci-dessus a été démontrée en les utilisant pour produire des cristaux uniques caractérisés par diffraction des rayons X de nouveaux polymorphes du composé ROY, une référence en matière de polymorphisme. Cela permet à ROY de regagner sa part de la position de composé le plus polymorphique dans la Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Chemical compounds that exist in multiple crystalline forms are said to exhibit polymorphism. Polymorphs have the same composition, but their structures and properties can vary markedly. In many fields, conditions for crystallizing compounds of interest are screened exhaustively to generate as many polymorphs as possible, from which the most advantageous form for the desired application can be selected. Here we report a new way to increase polymorphic diversity, based on crystallization induced by suitably designed mixed-crystal seeds. Also reported herein is a new strategy of suspended-melt crystallization, which can be used to induce the formation of single crystals that are too unstable to be produced by traditional methods. This strategy allows for a broader scope of crystalline structures to be resolved by X-ray diffraction. The efficacy of the above methods has been demonstrated by using them to produce new polymorphs of the benchmark compound ROY as single crystals structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction. This allows ROY to reclaim a share of the crown as the most polymorphic compound in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).

Keyphrases: ROY, Polymorphisme, Polymorphe, Ensemencement, Cristaux, Nucléation, Cristallisation, Polymorphism, Polymorph, ROY, Structure cristalline, Polymorphism, Polymorph, Seeding, Crystal, Crystallization, Crystalline structure
Associations between peer victimization and suicidal ideation and suicide attempt during adolescence : results from a prospective population-based birth cohort

Objective:To test whether adolescents who are victim-ized by peers are at heightened risk for suicidal ideationand  suicide  attempt,  using  both  cross-sectional  andprospective investigations.Method:Participants are from the Quebec LongitudinalStudy of Child Development, a general population sampleof children born in Quebec in 1997 through 1998 andfollowed up until 15 years of age. Information aboutvictimization and serious suicidal ideation and suicideattempt in the past year was obtained at ages 13 and15 years from self-reports (N¼1,168).Results:Victims reported concurrently higher rates ofsuicidal ideation at age 13 years (11.6–14.7%) and suicideattempt at age 15 years (5.4–6.8%) compared to those whohad not been victimized (2.7–4.1% for suicidal ideationand 1.6–1.9% for suicide attempt). Being victimized bypeers at 13 years predicted suicidal ideation (odds ratio[OR]¼2.27;  95%  CI¼1.25–4.12)  and  suicideattempt (OR¼3.05, 95% CI¼1.36–6.82) 2 years later,even  after  adjusting  for  baseline  suicidality  andmental health problems and a series of confounders(socioeconomic status, intelligence, family’s functioningand structure, hostile-reactive parenting, maternal lifetimesuicidal  ideation/suicide  attempt).  Those  who  werevictimized at both 13 and 15 years had the highest risk ofsuicidal ideation (OR¼5.41, 95% CI¼2.53–11.53) andsuicide attempt (OR¼5.85, 95% CI¼2.12–16.18) at15 years.Conclusion:Victimization is associated with an increasedrisk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt over andabove concurrent suicidality and prior mental healthproblems. The longer the history of victimization, thegreater the risk.

Keyphrases: Suicidal ideation, Suicide attempt, Adolescence, Peer victimization, Bullying
Contribution of genes and environment to the longitudinal association between childhood impulsive‐aggression and suicidality in adolescence

Background Population‐based and family studies showed that impulsive‐aggression predicts suicidality; however, the underlying etiological nature of this association is poorly understood. The objective was to determine the contribution of genes and environment to the association between childhood impulsive‐aggression and serious suicidal ideation/attempt in young adulthood.  Methods N = 862 twins (435 families) from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study were followed up from birth to 20 years. Repeated measures of teacher‐assessed impulsive‐aggression were modeled using a genetically informed latent growth model including intercept and slope parameters reflecting individual differences in the baseline level (age 6 years) and in the change (increase/decrease) of impulsive‐aggression during childhood (6 to 12 years), respectively. Lifetime suicidality (serious suicidal ideation/attempt) was self‐reported at 20 years. Associations of impulsive‐aggression intercept and slope with suicidality were decomposed into additive genetic (A) and unique environmental (E) components.  Results Additive genetic factors accounted for an important part of individual differences in impulsive‐aggression intercept (A = 90%, E = 10%) and slope (A = 65%, E = 35%). Genetic (50%) and unique environmental (50%) factors equally contributed to suicidality. We found that 38% of the genetic factors accounting for suicidality were shared with those underlying impulsive‐aggression slope, whereas 40% of the environmental factors accounting for suicidality were shared with those associated with impulsive‐aggression intercept. The genetic correlation between impulsive‐aggression slope and suicidality was 0.60, p = .027.  Conclusions Genetic and unique environmental factors underlying suicidality significantly overlap with those underlying childhood impulsive‐aggression. Future studies should identify putative genetic and environmental factors to inform prevention.

Keyphrases: Suicide attempt, Suicidal ideation, Impulsive-aggression, Twin study, Behavioral genetics, Longitudinal
Cannabis use, depression and suicidal ideation in adolescence : direction of associations in a population based cohort

Background To clarify the direction of the association between frequency of cannabis use, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation from 15 to 20 years using cross-lagged analyses.  Method We included 1606 adolescents from the province of Québec followed since 1997 with information on frequency of cannabis use (none/monthly/weekly), depression (defined as being in the top 10% symptoms) and serious suicidal ideation at ages 15, 17 and 20 years.  Results The prevalence of weekly cannabis use increased from 7.0% at age 15 years to 15.6% by age 20 years. Adolescents who reported using cannabis weekly at one age were 11 to 15 times more likely to continue using cannabis over time. In longitudinal cross-lagged analyses, weekly cannabis use at age 15 was associated with greater odds (OR=2.19, 95% CI=1.04-4.58) of suicidal ideation two years later. However, other substance use (alcohol, tobacco, other drugs) fully explained this association. Further, depression predicted subsequent weekly cannabis use, even after adjusting for comorbid other substance use (eg, for depression at 15 years predicting cannabis use at 17 years: OR=2.30, 95% CI=1.19-4.43).  Limitations Quantity of cannabis consumed was not measured.  Conclusion Findings suggest that depressive symptoms in adolescence may represent a risk factor for weekly cannabis consumption, which once initiated is likely to remain chronic. Weekly cannabis use increased risk for suicidal ideation, but not independently from other substance use including alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.

Keyphrases: Longitudinal, Adolescence, Cannabis, Depression, Suicidal ideation, Substance use