NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Altered gray matter structural covariance networks in early stages of Alzheimer's disease

Clinical symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients may reflect variations within specific large-scale brain networks, modeling AD as a disconnection syndrome. The present magnetic resonance imaging study aims to compare the organization of gray matter structural covariance networks between 109 cognitively unimpaired controls (CTRL) and 109 AD patients positive to beta-amyloid at the early stages of the disease, using voxel-based morphometry. The default-mode network (DMN; medial temporal lobe subsystem) was less extended in AD patients in comparison with CTRL, with a significant decrease in the structural association between the entorhinal cortex and the medial prefrontal and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. The DMN (midline core subsystem) was also less extended in AD patients. Trends toward increased structural association were observed in the salience and executive control networks. The observed changes suggest that early disruptions in structural association between heteromodal association cortices and the entorhinal cortex could contribute to an isolation of the hippocampal formation, potentially giving rise to the clinical hallmark of AD, progressive memory impairment. It also provides critical support to the hypothesis that the reduced connectivity within the DMN in early AD is accompanied by an enhancement of connectivity in the salience and executive control networks.

Keyphrases: Anatomical structural covariance, Default-mode network, Dementia, Magnetic resonance imaging, Salience network
Naming unique entities in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease : Towards a better understanding of the semantic impairment

While the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is characterized by a predominant semantic memory impairment, episodic memory impairments are the clinical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, AD patients also present with semantic deficits, which are more severe for semantically unique entities (e.g. a famous person) than for common concepts (e.g. a beaver). Previous studies in these patient populations have largely focused on famous-person naming. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate if these impairments also extend to other semantically unique entities such as famous places and famous logos. In this study, 13 AD patients, 9 svPPA patients, and 12 cognitively unimpaired elderly subjects (CTRL) were tested with a picture-naming test of non-unique entities (Boston Naming Test) and three experimental tests of semantically unique entities assessing naming of famous persons, places, and logos. Both clinical groups were overall more impaired at naming semantically unique entities than non-unique entities. Naming impairments in AD and svPPA extended to the other types of semantically unique entities, since a CTRL>AD>svPPA pattern was found on the performance of all naming tests. Naming famous places and famous persons appeared to be most impaired in svPPA, and both specific and general semantic knowledge for these entities were affected in these patients. Although AD patients were most significantly impaired on famous-person naming, only their specific semantic knowledge was impaired, while general knowledge was preserved. Post-hoc neuroimaging analyses also showed that famous-person naming impairments in AD correlated with atrophy in the temporo-parietal junction, a region functionally associated with lexical access. In line with previous studies, svPPA patients’ impairment in both naming and semantic knowledge suggest a more profound semantic impairment, while naming impairments in AD may arise to a greater extent from impaired lexical access, even though semantic impairment for specific knowledge is also present. These results highlight the critical importance of developing and using a variety of semantically-unique-entity naming tests in neuropsychological assessments of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, which may unveil different patterns of lexical-semantic deficits.

Keyphrases: Naming, Semantically unique entities, Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, Alzheimer's disease, Semantics, Lexical access
Differential language network functional connectivity alterations in Alzheimer's disease and the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) can present with similar language impairments, mainly in naming. It has been hypothesized that these deficits are associated with different brain mechanisms in each disease, but no previous study has used a network approach to explore this hypothesis. The aim of this study was to compare resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) language network in AD, svPPA patients, and cognitively unimpaired elderly adults (CTRL). Therefore, 10 AD patients, 12 svPPA patients and 11 CTRL underwent rs-fMRI. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses were conducted using regions of interest in the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL), left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), applying a voxelwise correction for gray matter volume. In AD patients, the left pMTG was the only key language region showing functional connectivity changes, mainly a reduced interhemispheric functional connectivity with its right-hemisphere counterpart, in comparison to CTRL. In svPPA patients, we observed a functional isolation of the left ATL, both decreases and increases in functional connectivity from the left pMTG and increased functional connectivity form the left IFG. Post-hoc analyses showed that naming impairments were overall associated with the functional disconnections observed across the language network. In conclusion, AD and svPPA patients present distinct language network functional connectivity profiles. In AD patients, functional connectivity changes were restricted to the left pMTG and were overall less severe in comparison to svPPA patients. Results in svPPA patients suggest decreased functional connectivity along the ventral language pathway and increased functional connectivity along the dorsal language pathway. Finally, the observed connectivity patterns are overall consistent with previously reported structural connectivity and language profiles in these patients.

Keyphrases: Alzheimer's disease, Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, Language network, Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Cartographie de l’impact des ateliers wikipédiens en bibliothèque publique

Wikipédia célèbre ses 20 ans cette année. Du rejet à la suspicion puis à la collaboration, des initiatives se mettent en place à partir de 2012, tant dans les bibliothèques universitaires que publiques, sous la forme de journées contributives, ou édit-a-thons, constituant encore aujourd’hui un des principaux scénarios de médiation wikipédienne. Des ateliers de contribution ont été intégrés dans le calendrier de la Grande bibliothèque et dans le réseau des Bibliothèques de Montréal. L'évaluation de ces activités oscillent entre l’enthousiasme et la déception, mais d’une façon générale, on reconnaît que ce n’est pas le nombre de participant.e.s ou le nombre de contributions qui constituent une mesure adéquate de la valeur de ces activités. Nous proposons d'évaluer ces activités par le biais d’un récit ethnologique porté par ces questions : Comment pourrait-on créer une communauté créatrice de savoirs communs numériques en bibliothèque? Comment pourrait-on évaluer et accroître l’impact des ateliers contributifs impliquant les bibliothèques et Wikipédia et d'autres projets soutenus par la fondation Wikimédia? Nous explorerons un cadre de référence visant à étudier ces actions en regard des finalités et des missions des bibliothèques aujourd’hui. Cette "réflexion sur l’action" nous permettra de partager un certain nombre de constats instructifs en s’attachant particulièrement aux leçons que l’on peut tirer pour faciliter l’aménagement social de ces ateliers.

Keyphrases: Wikipédia, Wiki, Impact, Évaluation, Bibliothèque publique, Communs
Une place pour les femmes et les enfants : l’émergence de la bibliothèque jeunesse au Québec

Les études menées pour mettre en lumière l’héritage des femmes à la bibliothéconomie québécoise a récemment permis de révéler dans ses marges une autre trame historique : celle de l’émergence de la bibliothèque jeunesse. Cette histoire permet de redonner une visibilité à la contribution de quelques unes des pionnières de ce secteur dont les contraintes et les motivations dans l’exercice de cette profession naissante puisent dans des idéologies en tension à plus d’un égard : les représentations de l’enfance, la place des femmes en bibliothèque, les normes culturelles liées à certains genres littéraires et le rôle de la censure dans l’espace public.

Keyphrases: Bibliothèque publique, Lecture publique, Histoire des femmes, Bibliothéconomie jeunesse, Histoire de la bibliothéconomie jeunesse, Bibliothèque publique québécoise, Marchand, Joséphine
Bilateral connectivity in the brainstem respiratory networks of lampreys

This study examines the connectivity in the neural networks controlling respiration in the lampreys, a basal vertebrate. Previous studies have shown that the lamprey paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG) plays a crucial role in the generation of respiration. By using a combination of anatomical and physiological techniques, we characterized the bilateral connections between the pTRGs and descending projections to the motoneurons. Tracers were injected in the respiratory motoneuron pools to identify pre‐motor respiratory interneurons. Retrogradely labeled cell bodies were found in the pTRG on both sides. Whole‐cell recordings of the retrogradely labeled pTRG neurons showed rhythmical excitatory currents in tune with respiratory motoneuron activity. This confirmed that they were related to respiration. Intracellular labeling of individual pTRG neurons revealed axonal branches to the contralateral pTRG and bilateral projections to the respiratory motoneuronal columns. Stimulation of the pTRG induced excitatory postsynaptic potentials in ipsi‐ and contralateral respiratory motoneurons as well as in contralateral pTRG neurons. A lidocaine HCl (Xylocaine) injection on the midline at the rostrocaudal level of the pTRG diminished the contralateral motoneuronal EPSPs as well as a local injection of 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX) and (2R)‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (AP‐5) on the recorded respiratory motoneuron. Our data show that neurons in the pTRG send two sets of axonal projections: one to the contralateral pTRG and another to activate respiratory motoneurons on both sides through glutamatergic synapses.

Keyphrases: Respiration, Neuroanatomy, Retrograde labelling, Anterograde labelling, Bilateral, Descending command, Whole-cell patch recordings
Neural correlates of morphology computation and representation

In this chapter, we critically review experiments on morphological processing focusing on compounds, derived and inflected words. Two main types of experiments are presented, those with single word or priming paradigms and those involving sentence processing, while focusing on morphological properties of words. We present as much cross-linguistic data as possible, in order to extract commonalities in morphological processing found across languages. Furthermore, studies on second-language learners, and occasionally early bilinguals, as well as child language development are presented, as they provide interesting data on differences and changes in brain behavior relating to morphological processing. Following this we discuss domains of further research while highlighting issues in data interpretation for present and future studies, in the hopes that readers will be encouraged to develop innovative research paradigms for the study of morphological processing.

Keyphrases: Lexical access, Morphology, Compounding, Derivation, Inflection, Sentence processing, Child language, Second-language learning, Bilingualism
Serotoninergic modulation of sensory transmission to brainstem reticulospinal cells

Sensory inputs are subjected to modulation by central neural networks involved in controlling movements. It has been shown that serotonin (5‐HT) modulates sensory transmission. This study examines in lampreys the effects of 5‐HT on sensory transmission to brainstem reticulospinal (RS) neurons and the distribution of 5‐HT cells that innervate RS cells. Cells were recorded intracellularly in the in vitro isolated brainstem of larval lampreys. Trigeminal nerve stimulation elicited disynaptic excitatory responses in RS neurons, and bath application of 5‐HT reduced the response amplitude with maximum effect at 10 μm. Local ejection of 5‐HT either onto the RS cells or onto the relay cells decreased sensory‐evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in RS cells. The monosynaptic EPSPs elicited from stimulation of the relay cells were also reduced by 5‐HT. The reduction was maintained after blocking either N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) or α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. The local ejection of glutamate over RS cells elicited excitatory responses that were only slightly depressed by 5‐HT. In addition, 5‐HT increased the threshold for eliciting sustained depolarizations in response to trigeminal nerve stimulation but did not prevent them. Combined 5‐HT immunofluorescence with axonal tracing revealed that the 5‐HT innervation of RS neurons of the middle rhombencephalic reticular nucleus comes mainly from neurons in the isthmic region, but also from neurons located in the pretectum and caudal rhombencephalon. Our results indicate that 5‐HT modulates sensory transmission to lamprey brainstem RS cells.

Keyphrases: Monoamines, Trigeminal inputs, Sensory modulation
Sensory cutaneous papillae in the sea lamprey (Petromyzonmarinus L.) : I. Neuroanatomy and physiology

Molecules present in an animal's environment can indicate the presence of predators,food, or sexual partners and consequently, induce migratory, reproductive, foraging,or escape behaviors. Three sensory systems, the olfactory, gustatory, and solitarychemosensory cell (SCC) systems detect chemical stimuli in vertebrates. While agreat deal of research has focused on the olfactory and gustatory system over theyears, it is only recently that significant attention has been devoted to the SCC sys-tem. The SCCs are microvillous cells that were first discovered on the skin of fish,and later in amphibians, reptiles, and mammals. Lampreys also possess SCCs that areparticularly numerous on cutaneous papillae. However, little is known regarding theirprecise distribution, innervation, and function. Here, we show that sea lampreys(Petromyzon marinus L.) have cutaneous papillae located around the oral disk, nostril,gill pores, and on the dorsal fins and that SCCs are particularly numerous on thesepapillae. Tract-tracing experiments demonstrated that the oral and nasal papillae areinnervated by the trigeminal nerve, the gill pore papillae are innervated by branchialnerves, and the dorsal fin papillae are innervated by spinal nerves. We also character-ized the response profile of gill pore papillae to some chemicals and showed thattrout-derived chemicals, amino acids, and a bile acid produced potent responses.Together with a companion study (Suntres et al., Journal of Comparative Neurology,this issue), our results provide new insights on the function and evolution of the SCCsystem in vertebrates.

Keyphrases: Lamprey, Merkel cells, Microvilli, Papillae, Solitary chemosensory cells, Taste
La feuille de personnage du jeune chercheur : une activité pédagogique ludifiée pour améliorer l’engagement

Présentation d'une « feuille de personnage du jeune chercheur » pour améliorer l'engagement des étudiants dans un séminaire de cycle supérieur. Cet élément de game design issu du jeu de rôle sur table ludique est adapté et transformé pour servir les objectifs de présentation du contenu du séminaire, pour évaluer les étudiants et pour mesurer leur progrès. Le fonctionnement, les intentions pédagogiques et les principes d'encadrement sont développés. Quelques résultats sont présentés.

Keyphrases: Compétences informationnelles, Ludification, Engagement, Feuille de personnage, Jeu de rôle sur table
Getting ready for transition to adult care : tool validation and multi-informant strategy using the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire in pediatrics

Background Transitioning from pediatric to adult healthcare can be challenging and lead to severe consequences if done suboptimally. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) was developed to assess adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients' transition readiness. In this study, we aimed to (1) document the psychometric properties of the French-language version of the TRAQ (TRAQ-FR), (2) assess agreements and discrepancies between AYA patients' and their primary caregivers' TRAQ-FR scores, and (3) identify transition readiness contributors.  Methods French-speaking AYA patients (n = 175) and primary caregivers (n = 168) were recruited from five clinics in a tertiary Canadian hospital and asked to complete the TRAQ-FR, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 4.0 (PedsQL™ 4.0), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The validity of the TRAQ-FR was assessed using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Agreements and discrepancies were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients and paired-sample t tests. Contributors of transition readiness were identified using regression analyses.  Results The five-factor model of the TRAQ was supported, with the TRAQ-FR global scale showing good internal consistency for both AYA patients' and primary caregivers' scores (α = .85–.87). AYA patients and primary caregivers showed good absolute agreement on the TRAQ-FR global scale with AYA patients scoring higher than primary caregivers (ICC = .80; d = .25). AYA patients' age and sex were found to be contributors of transition readiness.  Conclusions The TRAQ-FR was found to have good psychometric properties when completed by both AYA patients and primary caregivers. Additional research is needed to explore the predictive validity and clinical use of the TRAQ-FR.

Keyphrases: Adolescent, Patient transfer, Proxy measure, Psychometrics, Quality of life, Young adult
The impact of a Canadian financial cybercrime prevention campaign on clients’ sense of security

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a cybercrime prevention campaign that was run by a Canadian financial institution. More specifically, we examined how participants/clients perceived the financial institution’s initiative to inform them about cybercrimes. The study also explored whether or not the campaign had the desired effect, which was to reinforce the clients’ sense of security. This campaign took place on October 2018 and 1452 adults (831 males and 621 females) participated in the online web survey. The results indicated that the prevention campaign had been positively perceived by most of the respondents (93.2%). However, only a low percentage of individuals (18%) had seen the poster/campaign prior to the completion of the survey while the majority (82%) accessed the prevention campaign’s components during the survey. Further analysis has shown no gender differences in participants’ responses. In general, participants felt that the campaign has increased their sense of security, especially among older individuals (55 years old and over). Most participants have expressed an interest in receiving more information on cybercrime and how to take actions on protecting one’s self. Results suggest that it would be advisable to conduct targeted prevention campaigns in order to reach out to as many people as possible. Discussion also includes practical recommendations based on the results and the review of the literature.

Keyphrases: Cybercrime prevention campaigns, Cybersecurity perception, Sense of security, Financial institution
Coalescence and opposition : depiction of vampires in Bram Stoker’s Dracula and Stephenie Meyer’s Breaking Dawn from the Twilight series

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de créer un dialogue entre Dracula de Bram Stoker et deux romans de la série Twilight, Twilight et Breaking Dawn, de Stephenie Meyer. À l’aide de concepts présent dans ces deux ouvrages, il est possible d’analyser ce que la figure du vampire représente pour notre conception de l’être humain. Dans le premier chapitre je soutiens l’idée que la transition que vie un être humain pour devenir un vampire est une métaphore de l’amélioration du soi. À travers cette transition, un individu peut accepter son côté le plus sombre dans l’objectif de le contrôler et non de simplement le dissimuler. Dans le second chapitre, j’examine les différents rôles que porte le sang dans la littérature portant sur les vampires. Bien que le rôle sang joue un rôle dans la représentation de la vie et de la mort, il en vient à représenter des concepts plus en lien avec la société comme l’appartenance à une race ou à un groupe en particulier. Dans le troisième chapitre, j’examine de quelle façon la peur de l’étranger, l’autre que l’on ne connait pas, disparait graduellement au fur et à mesure que le vampirisme devient une image d’amélioration et non de corruption ou de dégradation. Tandis que les deux premiers chapitres sont axés sur la nature même du vampire, le troisième utilise cette nature pour comprendre où est la place du vampire dans une société humaine et ce que cette place signifie. The objective of this thesis is to create a dialog between Bram Stoker’s Dracula and two novels from Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight series, Twilight and Breaking Dawn. With the help of concepts present in these novels, it is possible to analyze what the figure of the vampire represents in our conception of a human being. In the first chapter I support the idea that the transition that a human undergoes in other to become a vampire is a metaphor of the improvement of the self. Through this transition, an individual is able to accept its darker side in the objective of controlling it instead of simply hiding it. In the second chapter, I examine the different roles held by blood in vampire literature. Even though blood holds the role of being a physical representation of both life and death, it comes to represent concepts that are related to society like being part of a race or of a given group. In the third chapter, I observe how the fear of the stranger, the other that is unknown, gradually disappears as vampirism becomes an image of improvement instead of being one of corruption or deterioration. While the first two chapters are focused on the nature of the vampire, the third will use that nature to understand where the vampire stands in regard to a human society and what its place amongst it signifies.

Keyphrases: identité, vampire, l’inconnu, société, le sang, le soi, vampire, vampire, identity, vampire, the unknown, society, blood, the self