NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Maternal warmth and toddler development : support for transactional models in disadvantaged families

Studies support cognitive and social domains of development as entwined in childhood, however, there is a paucity of investigation into the nature of the mother-child relationship within an interdependence framework. Furthermore, the focus on these processes within families from impoverished communities using frequent assessments in early childhood has been limited. Our objectives were to identify (1) the directional associations between toddler's communication ability and social competence, (2) to establish whether the association between toddler's communication ability and social competence is mediated by maternal warmth, and (3) to establish support for transactional models between toddlers' outcomes and maternal warmth in disadvantaged communities in Ireland. Participants included 173 toddlers and their families enrolled in a prenatally commencing prevention programme. Toddler's communication and social competence were assessed at 12, 18, 24 and 36 months and maternal warmth at 6 and 24 months. Cross-lagged models were estimated examining multiple paths of associations simultaneously. Direct and indirect paths of maternal warmth were also examined. Bi-directional associations were found between communication ability and social competence from 12 to 24 months but not thereafter. Maternal warmth did not significantly mediate these associations, however, support of a transactional model was found with social competence. The results support early positive associations between better communication ability and social competence in the first 2 years, however, they suggest that these associations are no longer present by the third year. The role of maternal warmth in fostering social competencies is important for toddlers and equally important is toddler's level of social competence in eliciting increased maternal warmth.

Keyphrases: Communication ability, Early development, Maternal warmth, Social competence, Transactional model
Children’s cortisol response to the transition from preschool to formal schooling : a review

This review examines the current state of knowledge regarding children's biological stress response during the transition from preschool to compulsory formal schooling, focusing on longitudinal studies that include repeated measures of cortisol concentrations in saliva or scalp hair. In all, eight independent studies (ten publications) were found and their results support the hypothesis that the transition from preschool to formal schooling coincides with an increase in cortisol concentration in both saliva and hair. Evidence of recovery (i.e. decrease in stress response over time) is more limited and suggests that it could take as many as 3-6 months before kindergarten children's cortisol concentration returns to baseline levels. However, important individual differences are observed. Potential predictors that have received some empirical support include child temperament (fearfulness/inhibition or surgency/extroversion) and prenatal maternal stress or anxiety. Very few studies, however, have examined whether there are actual functional consequences of individual differences in children's cortisol response associated with this transition. Finally, current methodological limitations and avenues for future studies are discussed.

Keyphrases: Cortisol, Kindergarten, School transition, Stress
How to support toddlers’ autonomy : a qualitative study with child care educators

Research Findings: The present study explored the concrete manifestations of autonomy support (AS) toward toddlers. Eight child care educators were interviewed. Based on our assessment, these educators all valued AS. A qualitative content analysis revealed 18 practices that this group of child care educators considered supportive of toddlers’ autonomy. The present findings are in line with the traditional conceptualization of AS, namely, offering choices and encouraging initiatives, acknowledging the child’s feelings and perspective, and providing rationales and explanations for requests (Deci, Eghrari, Patrick, & Leone, 1994; Koestner, Ryan, Bernieri, & Holt, 1984), suggesting that these practices are developmentally appropriate for toddlers. Yet, they also widen the scope of AS, highlighting additional caregiving practices that may support the autonomy of toddlers. Practice or Policy: The results are discussed in light of child care educators’ professional training context and the relationship between AS and structure. The practices found in this study offer many means of actualizing AS with toddlers on a daily basis.

Keyphrases: Fearfulness, Irritability, Controlling parenting, Coercion, Overprotection
Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention on the perception of basic psychological need satisfaction among special education students

Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly implemented in schools to foster better emotional regulation skills for students with special education needs such as learning disabilities (LDs). This pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of a MBI on the need satisfaction of elementary students with severe LDs. A prospective quasi-experimental design involving one group and two time points was employed. A sample of 14 elementary school students from a severe LDs special education class participated in this project. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted and revealed a significant reduction in need satisfaction, with a large effect size (η2 = .35). Contrary to our hypothesis, the MBI appeared to be negatively related to need satisfaction among participants. These results indicate that MBIs could be linked with better self-evaluation skills in students with severe LDs, which, in turn, may change (or increase the accuracy of) the perception that children have of their own need satisfaction.

Keyphrases: Autonomy, Competence, Mindfulness-based meditation, Need satisfaction, Relatedness, School psychology, Self-determination theory, Severe learning disabilities
Gestational age and chronic 'body-mind' health problems in childhood : dose-response association and risk factors

Understanding the developmental course of all health issues associated with preterm birth is important from an individual, clinical and public health point-of-view. Both the number of preterm births and proportion of survivors have increased steadily in recent years. The UK Millennium Cohort Study (n=18 818) was used to examine the association of gestational age with maternal ratings of general health and behavior problems at ages 5 and 11 years using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses. The association between mothers’ ratings of general health and behavior problems was relatively weak at each time point. Children rated as being in poor general health remained constant over time (4.0% at age 5, 3.8% at age 11), but children rated as having behavioral problems increased by almost 100% (5.6% at 5; 10.5% at 11). A gradient of increasing risk with decreasing gestational age was observed for a composite health measure (general health problems and/or behavior problems) at age 5, amplified at age 11 and was strongest for those with chronic problems (poor health at both age 5 and age 11). This association was found to be compounded by child sex, maternal characteristics at birth (education, employment, marital status) and duration of breast feeding. Integrated support to at-risk families initiated during, or soon after pregnancy, may prevent chronic problems and might potentially reduce long term health costs for both the individual and health services.

Keyphrases: Preterm birth, Behavior problems, Health problems, Sex differences, Breast feeding, Millennium cohort study
Analyse de l'implémentation d'un service d'impression 3D médicale

Le génie biomédical du CHU Ste-Justine utilise l’impression 3D pour économiser pour des composants simples d’appareils biomédicaux. En 2017, un stage avait pour but d’explorer les applications cliniques. L’utilisation d’intérêt ciblée est la planification chirurgicale. Ce rapport présente un aperçu des technologies d’impression 3D, un aperçu des implications de ces technologies, une revue de littérature et un portrait de l’impression 3D médicale dans quelques centres hospitaliers par un balisage. Le déploiement d’un service d’impression 3D soulève plusieurs enjeux légaux, réglementaires et organisationnels. Ceux-ci ont été identifiés et analysés. De plus, ce rapport présente un plan d’affaires préliminaire avec des recommandations pour la mise en place d’un service au court-, moyen- et long-terme. The biomedical engineering department at the CHU Sainte-Justine currently uses 3D printing in order to save on simple parts for biomedical devices by creating in-house alternatives. During the summer of 2017, an intern had the mandate to explore the potential clinical applications of 3D printing at CHU Sainte-Justine. The primary use targeted was surgical planning. This report presents an overview of existing 3D printing technologies, a glimpse of the implications of 3D printing technologies, literary review and a portrait of medical 3D printing in a few hospitals around the world. The implementation of a 3D printing service raises legal, regulatory and organisational concerns. These have been identified and analysed. A preliminary business plan with recommendations for the establishment of a service divided in short, mid and long term.

Keyphrases: Impression 3d, Implémentation, Hôpital, Hospital, Planification chirurgicale, 3D printing, Surgical planning, Implementation, Hospital
Dietary intake at 9 years and subsequent body mass index in adolescent boys and girls: a study of monozygotic twin pairs

There is a lack of evidence pointing to specific dietary elements related to weight gain and obesity prevention in childhood and adulthood. Dietary intake and obesity are both inherited and culturally transmitted, but most prospective studies on the association between diet and weight status do not take genetics into consideration. The objective of this study was to document the association between dietary intake at 9 years and subsequent Body Mass Index (BMI) in adolescent monozygotic boy and girl twin pairs. This research used data from 152 twin pairs. Dietary data were collected from two 24-hour-recall interviews with a parent and the child aged 9 years. Height and weight were obtained when the twins were aged 9, 12, 13, and 14 years. Intrapair variability analysis was performed to identify dietary elements related to BMI changes in subsequent years. BMI-discordant monozygotic twin pairs were also identified to analyze the dietary constituents that may have generated the discordance. After eliminating potential confounding genetic factors, pre-adolescent boys who ate fewer grain products and fruit and consumed more high-fat meat and milk had higher BMIs during adolescence; pre-adolescent girls who consumed more grain products and high-fat meat and milk had higher BMIs during adolescence. Energy intake (EI) at 9 years was not related to BMI in subsequent years. Our study suggests that messages and interventions directed at obesity prevention could take advantage of sex-specific designs and‚ eventually‚ genetic information.

Keyphrases: Twins, Monozygotic, Diet, BMI, Adolescents, Longitudinal
Dans la peau d'un incunable

Chronique bibliophilique no 1 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant  les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Université de Montréal, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales
L'enfer est à la bibliothèque

Chronique bibliophilique no 2 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Un livre de princesse sur mon bureau

Chronique bibliophilique no 3 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Quatre siècle dans la vie d'un livre

Chronique bibliophilique no 4 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Chronique d'une chronique

Chronique bibliophilique no 5 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Des trésors de science!

Chronique bibliophilique no 6 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Jacques Cartier... l'écrivain?

Chronique bibliophilique no 7 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Une tablette âgée de 4000 ans!

Chronique bibliophilique no 8 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Perles rares

Chronique bibliophilique no 9 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Passé-présent

Chronique bibliophilique no 10 de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Poussière d'âme

Dernière chronique bibliophilique de la série "Un bibliothécaire et ses trésors" présentant les collections de la Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales de l'Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Patrimoine documentaire, Bibliothèque des livres rares et collections spéciales, Université de Montréal
Corrélats cognitifs des structures d'un conte et d'un mythe chez les indiens Montagnais

L’expérience présente se déroule sur trois réserves indiennes situées sur la Cote Nord du Québec. Huit sujets montagnais unilingues effectuent le rappel de deux types d’histoires: un conte de fées gaspésien et un mythe indien dans un ordre contrebalancé. Les données antérieures recueillies auprès de sujets américains démontrent des différences de rappel entre le mythe et le conte de fées lorsque ceux-ci sont envisagés en terme d’intrigue, le rappel de la trame du mythe contient plusieurs manques par rapport au rappel de la trame du conte de fées. Toutefois, il n’y a pas de différence entre les rappels lorsque les récits sont considérés au niveau de la structure de surface. La présente expérience, qui est une contrepartie des expériences effectuées auprès de sujets occidentaux, confirme (de façon inversée) les données précédentes. Ainsi, les sujets montagnais se rappellent d’un nombre supérieur d’éléments de la trame du mythe celui de la trame du conte de fées. Ce résultat est en accord avec la théorie qui stipule que la compréhension et le rappel d’histoire sont facilités par la possibilité d’avoir recours à un schéma d’histoire adéquat, lequel est conditionné culturellement. L’expérience actuelle qui a aussi investigué des niveaux plus élevés de la structure de fond, les microcatégories, montre que le rappel du mythe paraît mieux structuré que celui du conte de fées, ce qui reflète une meilleure compréhension des sujets face au mythe indien.

Keyphrases: Connaissance, Psychologie de la, Montagnais Indians, Indiens d'Amérique -- Amérique du Nord -- Folklore, Montagnais (Indiens) -- Folklore, Indians of North America -- Legends, Indians of North America -- Folklore, Indiens d'Amérique -- Amérique du Nord -- Légendes, Indiens d'Amérique -- Amérique du Nord -- Mythologie
Preparedness for the next epidemic : health and political issues of an emerging paradigm

‘Preparing for the next epidemic’ has been a recurrent theme in global health in recent years. Starting with SARS, by way of the Avian influenza, and intensifying after the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak, the urgency of preparing for the next health disaster has been recommended by numerous global health stakeholders. Recommendations and global partnerships are aligned with the many action proposals that have been formulated by international political actors, including the WHO, that have made ‘preparedness for the next epidemic’ a new paradigm, alongside prevention. The intent of this commentary is to argue the need to discuss some aspects of the preparedness paradigm from both health and democratic perspectives. We believe preparedness reveals a new and problematic biopolitical orientation in global health. Our argument is that preparedness enacts a model that: (i) reconfigures knowledge about epidemics by disconnecting them from the social and historical contexts in which they arise and (ii) imposes new modalities of intervention that raise issues for democratic autonomy. After first tracing back the genealogy of the preparedness paradigm, this paper then discusses some of the issues at stake for both health and democracy.

Keyphrases: Preparedness, Epidemic, Global health, Democracy, Autonomy
Early childhood trajectories of separation anxiety : bearing on mental health, academic achievement, and physical health from mid‐childhood to preadolescence

1 Background  Separation anxiety disorder is the most prevalent childhood anxiety condition, but no study assessed children for separation anxiety at preschool age and followed them longitudinally and directly until mid‐childhood/early adolescence.   2 Methods  Multi‐informant (children, teachers, family), multipoint (at age 8, 10, 12, 13) assessments of 1,290 children of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, who had been categorized between age 1.5 and 6 into four specific separation anxiety trajectories (1, low‐persistent; 2, low‐increasing; 3, high‐decreasing, and the less common: 4, high‐increasing) by growth mixture modeling. Participants in the high‐increasing trajectory were compared to participants in the other three trajectories for: (a) child's internalizing and externalizing problem behavior; (b) physical health; (c) academic achievement; (d) maternal anxiety.   3 Results  Multivariate analyses of variance/covariance at separate time points showed the high‐increasing trajectory mostly associated with: (a) higher internalizing, but not externalizing, behavior; (b) worse academic achievement (most consistently by comparisons to the normative low‐persistent trajectory; (c) higher rates of maternal panic/agoraphobic anxiety; (d) worse physical health (most consistently by comparisons to the low‐persistent trajectory). The high‐increasing trajectory had twofold to threefold higher incidences of physical illnesses than the normative low‐persistent group; this was specific for headaches at age 12 years, chronic asthma at age 10 and 13, and having received asthma‐related medication during the past 12 months.   4 Conclusions  High‐increasing separation anxiety in preschool maintains longitudinal relationships to independent health and academic outcomes, at least until preadolescence. This knowledge can inform the deployment of clinical resources at the earlier signs of the more impairing manifestations.

Keyphrases: Separation anxiety, Mental health, Physical health, Academic achievement, Maternal psychopathology, Agoraphobia
The structure of psychopathology in adolescence and its common personality and cognitive correlates

The traditional view that mental disorders are distinct, categorical disorders has been challenged by evidence that disorders are highly comorbid and exist on a continuum (e.g., Caspi et al., 2014; Tackett et al., 2013). The first objective of this study was to use structural equation modeling to model the structure of psychopathology in an adolescent community-based sample (N = 2,144) including conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, substance use, anxiety, depression, phobias, and other emotional symptoms, assessed at 16 years. The second objective was to identify common personality and cognitive correlates of psychopathology, assessed at 14 years. Results showed that psychopathology at 16 years fit 2 bifactor models equally well: (a) a bifactor model, reflecting a general psychopathology factor, as well as specific externalizing (representing mainly substance misuse and low ADHD) and internalizing factors; and (b) a bifactor model with a general psychopathology factor and 3 specific externalizing (representing mainly ADHD and ODD), substance use and internalizing factors. The general psychopathology factor was related to high disinhibition/impulsivity, low agreeableness, high neuroticism and hopelessness, high delay-discounting, poor response inhibition and low performance IQ. Substance use was specifically related to high novelty-seeking, sensation-seeking, extraversion, high verbal IQ, and risk-taking. Internalizing psychopathology was specifically related to high neuroticism, hopelessness and anxiety-sensitivity, low novelty-seeking and extraversion, and an attentional bias toward negatively valenced verbal stimuli. Findings reveal several nonspecific or transdiagnostic personality and cognitive factors that may be targeted in new interventions to potentially prevent the development of multiple psychopathologies.

Keyphrases: Psychopathology, Comorbidity, Personality, Cognition, Adolescence