NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
The Portacaval‐shunted rat : a new model for the study of the mechanisms controlling voluntary ethanol consumption and ethanol preference?

Portacaval anastomosis (PCA) is a surgical procedure whereby blood from the portal vein is shunted into the inferior vena cava. PCA in the rat results in a significant increase (from 0.77 ± 0.26 to 3.51 ± 0.37 g of ethanol/kg/day) in voluntary ethanol consumption in a free‐choice paradigm between water and 5% ethanol solution. After PCA surgery, increased voluntary ethanol consumption starts abruptly at 6 to 7 days and is maintained for > 28 weeks. Voluntary ethanol consumption in rats after PCA results in blood ethanol levels up to 158 mg%. After PCA, the ethanol preference ratio (defined as the percentage of total fluid intake constituted by ethanol) increased from 19 ± 2% to 78 ± 2% (p < 0.001). Administration of the nonselective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg, sc) resulted in a significant 6‐fold attenuation of voluntary ethanol consumption by rats with PCA, an effect that was not mediated by an effect on locomotor activity. These findings, together with previous reports of widespread alterations of the μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors in the brain after PCA, suggest that increased voluntary ethanol consumption and ethanol preference in PCA rats may result from activation of the endogenous opioid system. Preliminary studies suggest that rats with PCA manifest behavioral signs consistent with the development of dependence. The portacaval‐shunted rat may provide a useful preparation for the study of mechanisms, in particular those involving the liver, implicated in the development of increased voluntary ethanol consumption and ethanol preference.

Keyphrases: Ethanol, Preference, Liver, Opioid System, Portacaval anastomosis, Opioid system
Albumin dialysis : a new therapeutic strategy for intoxication from protein-bound drugs

Abstract Objective: Although water-soluble drugs can be removed by haemofiltration/haemodialysis, morbidity and mortality from intoxication with protein-bound drugs remains high. The present study investigates whether albumin dialysis in the form of the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) is effective in removal of protein-bound drugs. Design: Prospective animal study. Setting: Surgical research laboratory in a university hospital. Subjects: Seven female Norwegian Landrace pigs. Intervention: We studied whether midazolam (97% albuminbound) and fentanyl (85% alpha-1- acid glycoprotein-bound), administered as anaesthetics to pigs with induced acute liver failure, could be removed by MARS dialysis lasting for 4 h. Measurements: After 4 h of dialysis, total and free anaesthetic concentrations were measured in the blood and dialysate from different segments of the MARS circuit. Main results: Midazolam: total plasma concentrations fell by 47.1€2.1% (in 4 h) across the MARS filter (p<0.01). The charcoal component of the system reduced the total dialysate drug concentration by 16.4€2.2% (p<0.05). Free midazolam removal followed a similar pattern. Fentanyl: total plasma concentrations fell by 56.1€2.4% (in 4 h) across the MARS filter (p<0.01). Clearance of fentanyl from the dialysate by the charcoal was 70€0.7% at 4 h (p<0.001). Conclusions: The results of the study show that MARS can remove both albumin and other protein-bound drugs efficiently from the plasma, and it may have a place for the treatment of patients suffering from intoxication with this class of compounds.

Keyphrases: Albumin dialysis, Charcoal, Adsorption, Midazolam, Fentanyl
Elevated cerebral lactate : implications in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome, is a frequent complication of liver failure/disease. Increased concentrations of lactate are commonly observed in HE patients, in the systemic circulation, but also in the brain. Traditionally, increased cerebral lactate is considered a marker of energy failure/impairment however alterations in lactate homeostasis may also lead to a rise in brain lactate and result in neuronal dysfunction. The latter may involve the development of brain edema. This review will target the significance of increased cerebral lactate in the pathogenesis of HE.

Keyphrases: Hepatic encephalopathy, Lactate, Brain edema, Ammonia
Investigating the incidence and magnitude of heterotopic ossification with
and without joints involvement in patients with a limb fracture and mild
traumatic brain injury

Objectives: This study seeks to evaluate the incidence rate of heterotopic ossification (HO) formation in patients afflicted by an isolated limb fracture (ILF) and a concomitant mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: The current study is an observational study including ILF patients with or without a concomitant mTBI recruited from an orthopedic clinic of a Level 1 Trauma Hospital. Patients were diagnosed with a mTBI according to the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) criteria. Radiographs taken on average 3 months post-trauma were analyzed separately by two distinct specialists for the presence of HO proximally to the fracture site (joints or extra joints). Both raters referred to Brooker's and Della's Valle's classification to establish signs of HO. First, analyses were conducted for the full sample. Secondly, a matched cohort was used in order to control for specific factors, namely age, sex, type of injury, and time elapsed between the accident and the analyzed radiograph. Results: The full sample included a total of 183 patients with an ILF (94 females; 47.5 years old), of which 50 had a concomitant mTBI and 133 without. Radiographic evidence of HO was significantly higher in patients with an ILF and a mTBI compared to ILF patients (X2 = 6.50; p = 0.01). The matched cohort consisted of 94 participants (i.e.; 47 patients from the ILF + mTBI group and 47 patients from the ILF group). Again, ILF + mTBI patients presented significantly higher rates of HO signs in comparison to ILF patients (X2 = 3.69; p = 0.04). Presence of HO was associated with prolonged delays to return to work (RTW) only in ILF + mTBI patients (F = 4.055; p = 0.05) but not in ILF patients (F = 0.823; p = 0.37). Conclusions: Study findings suggest that rates of HO are significantly higher proximally to fracture sites when ILF patients sustain a concomitant mTBI, even after controlling for factors known to influence HO. Moreover, results show that HO is associated with a prolonged RTW only in ILF patients with a concomitant mTBI but not in ILFonly patients. The impact of mTBI on HO formation warrants further attention to detect early signs of HO, to identify shared physiopathological mechanisms and, ultimately, to design targeted therapies.

Keyphrases: Mild traumatic brain injury, Isolated limb fracture, Heterotopic ossification, Orthopedic complications, Return to work
Comment optimiser l’utilisation des données probantes dans la pratique clinique chez les professionnels de la physiothérapie en gériatrie ?

Introduction Il existe un fossé entre les évidences scientifiques et leur implantation dans la pratique. De nombreuses barrières limitent le transfert de connaissances (TC) vers la pratique clinique. Un blogue a été créé pour diffuser des évidences en physiothérapie gériatrique et améliorer le TC.    Objectifs Ce travail vise à démystifier le TC en analysant les différentes barrières et solutions et à proposer des recommandations afin de l’optimiser. Des évidences sur des sujets pertinents et variés seront diffusées sur un blogue.     Démarche méthodologique Recension des écrits à partir de plusieurs bases de données sur le TC et sur quatre thèmes en physiothérapie gériatrique. Rédaction de comptes rendus critiques sur des thématiques diversifiées.     Résultats Deux modèles reconnus de TC sont abordés. Des solutions sont proposées pour faciliter l’implantation de nouvelles connaissances en clinique. Les outils en ligne de TC sont les plus utilisés et ont une plus grande portée. Quatre textes originaux portant sur le VPPB, la physiothérapie à l’urgence, l’observance thérapeutique et la neurophysiologie de la douleur sont présentés. Seize comptes rendus critiques sont aussi proposés pour diffusion.    Conclusion L’utilisation de modèles de TC est primordiale afin d’optimiser l’implantation des évidences en pratique. Les textes élaborés dans ce travail seront diffusés sur un blogue s’adressant aux professionnels de la physiothérapie œuvrant en gériatrie. Cette diffusion en ligne permettra aux cliniciens d’implanter des évidences récentes dans leur pratique et d’améliorer les soins.

Keyphrases: Transfert de connaissances, Diffusion de données probantes, Vertige, Urgence, Chutes, Pratique avancée, Observance thérapeutique, Neurophysiologie de la douleur
Le trouble développemental du langage (TDL) : mise à jour interdisciplinaire

Bien que le trouble développemental du langage (TDL) soit fréquent (7,58 %; Norbury et al., 2016) et ait des impacts perdurant jusqu’à l’âge adulte (Feeney, Desha, Khan, Ziviani, & Nicholson, 2016), il est beaucoup moins connu que d’autres problématiques telles que le trouble du déficit de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) ou le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). L’inconstance des définitions selon les domaines (p. ex., médecine, éducation, psychologie, orthophonie) pourrait partiellement expliquer cette méconnaissance (Bishop, 2017). Depuis peu, une terminologie et une démarche menant au diagnostic de TDL font l’objet d’un consensus international multidisciplinaire, et ce, grâce au projet CATALISE (Bishop, Snowling, Thompson, Greenhalgh, & CATALISE-consortium, 2016, 2017). Le but de cet article est de présenter une mise à jour des enjeux et des connaissances actuelles liés au TDL en s’intéressant aux changements d’appellation et de critères initiés par le projet CATALISE. Pour les professionnels et chercheurs œuvrant dans le domaine, il s’agit d’une occasion de réfléchir aux besoins des personnes vivant avec un TDL. Although developmental language disorder (DLD) is common (7.58%; Norbury et al., 2016) and has impacts lasting into adulthood (Feeney, Desha, Khan, Ziviani, & Nicholson, 2016), it is not as renowned than other disorders as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Inconsistent definitions across domains (e.g., medicine, education, psychology, speech-language pathology) may partially explain this situation (Bishop, 2017). Recently, a terminology and an approach leading to the diagnosis of DLD were the subject of a multidisciplinary international consensus, due to the CATALISE project (Bishop, Snowling, Thompson, Greenhalgh & CATALISE-consortium, 2016, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to present an update of current issues and knowledge related to DLD by looking at the criteria and terminology changes initiated by the CATALISE project. For professionals and researchers working in the field, this is an opportunity to reflect on the needs of people living with DLD.

Keyphrases: Trouble développemental du langage, Évaluation, Interdisciplinarité, Terminologie, Enfant, Developmental language disorder, Assessment, Interdisciplinary, Terminology, Children
La formation documentaire en temps de pandémie : les webinaires matinaux

The first COVID-19 lockdown influenced the way the Bibliothèque des lettres et sciences humaines (the arts and humanities library) at the Université de Montréal fulfilled its mission of offering information literacy instruction. It pushed us to adapt quickly by evaluating our old ways of doing things. The most striking result was the creation of a daily offering of morning webinars open to all. We seized this opportunity to experiment and test innovations corresponding to our values of excellence, caring and openness. Their success has enabled us to transform our suite of open workshops by emphasizing advanced and more diversified concepts. Le premier confinement de mars 2020 dû à la pandémie de Covid-19 a influencé la manière dont la  Bibliothèque des lettres et sciences humaines de l’Université de Montréal a rempli sa mission de formation  des compétences informationnelles. Le résultat le plus marquant de cette adaptation a été la création  d’une offre quotidienne de webinaires matinaux ouverts à tous. Ces webinaires ont permis d’expérimenter  et de tester des innovations correspondant à des valeurs d’excellence, de bienveillance et d’ouverture. La  dimension de soutien moral à la communauté a été particulièrement appréciée. Le succès de ces  webinaires a marqué la transformation de l’offre de formations en mettant l’accent sur des notions  avancées et plus diversifiées en lien avec les compétences informationnelles et la recherche.

Keyphrases: Library instruction, COVID-19 innovation, Formation documentaire, Soutien moral
Qu’est-ce que l’écriture numérique?

Il est évident que le statut du texte change profondément à cause de l’impact des technologies numériques. D’une part, dans les environnements numériques le texte est partout : les images, les vidéos, les clics, les objets et même les actions sont en réalité des séries de caractères. D’autre part, le texte acquiert une valeur opérationnelle. Comme le montrent Souchier et Jeanneret avec la notion d’“architexte”, le texte fait des choses, il produit d’autres textes ou des actions. La thèse de cet article est que ces changements en impliquent un autre: le texte devient un matériel architectural, dans le sens propre du mot – à savoir, et en dehors des métaphores, il est l’élément qui structure matériellement l’espace dans lequel nous vivons. Cette thèse est à la base de la théorie de l’éditorialisation, notion qui peut être définie comme “l’ensemble des dynamiques qui produisent l’espace numérique.” It is obvious that the meaning of text is changing profoundly because of the impact of digital technologies. On the one hand, in digital environments text is everywhere: images, videos, clicks, objects and even actions are actually series of characters. On the other hand, text acquires operational value. As Souchier and Jeanneret show with the notion of "architext", text does things, it produces other texts or actions. The thesis of this paper is that these changes imply another one: the text becomes architectural material, in the proper sense of the word - that is, apart from metaphors, it is the element that materially structures the space in which we live. This thesis is at the basis of the theory of editorialization, a notion that can be defined as "the set of dynamics that produce digital space".

Keyphrases: Écritures numériques, Éditorialisation, Espace numérique, Texte numérique, Écriture préhumaine, Posthuman studies, Digital writings, Editorialization, Digital space, Digital text, Prehuman writing
Effects of menopause on sleep quality and sleep disorders : Canadian longitudinal study on aging

OBJECTIVES:Sleep complaints are common during the menopause transition. However, it is difficult to disentangle changes in sleep related to aging from those directly due to menopause. We compared sleep disorders in 45 to 60-year-old women in a large population-based study, according to menopausal status. METHODS:Women aged between 45 and 60 years who self-reported menopausal status were selected from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, excluding those with prior hysterectomy. Participants completed assessments for overall sleep satisfaction, hours of daily sleep, sleep-onset insomnia, sleep-maintenance insomnia, daytime somnolence, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), restless leg syndrome (RLS), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Each sleep variable was compared between postmenopausal and pre/perimenopausal women using multivariate regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS:Among 6,179 women included, 3,713 (60.1%; age 55.7 ± 3.3 years) were postmenopausal and 2,466 (39.9%) were pre/perimenopausal (age 49.80 ± 3.1 years). Compared with pre/perimenopausal women, postmenopausal women were more often reported requiring ≥30 minutes to fall asleep (20.4% vs 15.5%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.53) and were more likely to meet criteria for possible sleep-onset insomnia disorder (10.8% vs 7.3%; AOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07-2.12). Postmenopausal women were also more likely to screen positive for OSA (14.6% vs 10.4%; AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14-1.92). The two groups did not differ on sleep dissatisfaction (32.4% vs 29%), daytime somnolence disorder (1.6% vs 1.3%), sleep-maintenance insomnia disorder (17% vs 14.5%), RLS (23.5% vs 20.9%), or RBD (3.9% vs 4.0%). CONCLUSIONS:Menopause is associated with increased sleep-onset insomnia. Postmenopausal women also are more likely to screen positive for OSA. However, menopausal status is not associated with sleep maintenance, somnolence, or RLS, and RBD. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A501.

Keyphrases: Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, Somnolence disorder, Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, Restless legs syndrome, Obstructive sleep apnea, CLSA
Moderate to severe acute pain disturbs motor cortex intracortical inhibition and facilitation in orthopedic trauma patients : a TMS study

Objective Primary motor (M1) cortical excitability alterations are involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Less is known about M1-cortical excitability implications in the acute phase of an orthopedic trauma. This study aims to assess acute M1-cortical excitability in patients with an isolated upper limb fracture (IULF) in relation to pain intensity.  Methods Eighty-four (56 IULF patients <14 days post-trauma and 28 healthy controls). IULF patients were divided into two subgroups according to pain intensity (mild versus moderate to severe pain). A single transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) session was performed over M1 to compare groups on resting motor threshold (rMT), short-intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and long-interval cortical inhibition (LICI).  Results Reduced SICI and ICF were found in IULF patients with moderate to severe pain, whereas mild pain was not associated with M1 alterations. Age, sex, and time since the accident had no influence on TMS measures.  Discussion These findings show altered M1 in the context of acute moderate to severe pain, suggesting early signs of altered GABAergic inhibitory and glutamatergic facilitatory activities.

Keyphrases: Pain intensity, Primary motor cortex, Cortical excitability, Fracture, Transcranial magnetic stimulation
The social dynamics involved in recovery and return to sport following a sport-related concussion : a study of three athlete-teammate-coach triads

An athlete's connection to their team and team members is an important part of their sport experience. However, researchers currently know little about the nature of these social dynamics with respect to concussed athletes. Our study explored athletes' recovery and reintegration into the team environment following a sport-related concussion. We conducted semi-structured interviews with each member of three athlete-teammate-coach triads (N = 9). We analysed the data using thematic narrative analysis and present the results as three stories that focused on each athlete's experience. For Cassie, we found two major plot points in her story: the transition in her role (and shift in identity) from athlete to student assistant coach/team manager and, once recovered, back to an athlete on the team. For Jess, we found that the main plot in her story was “pressure”. Specifically, the interplay between internal (placed on herself) and external (perceived from teammates and coaches) pressures to return to sport. In the third and final story, the main plot point was the tensions that arose from Jaden's preferences for social support and the type of support that his teammates and coaches believed he needed during his recovery. Our results highlight the interplay between athlete's personal and social identities, feelings of pressure to return and readiness, and the challenges of providing the right amount and type of social support. This research contributes to our limited understanding of the social dynamics involved in athletes' return to sport following a concussion.

Keyphrases: Traumatic brain injury, Qualitative methods, Social identity, Social support, Psychological readiness
Changes in hair cortisol and self-reported stress measures following mindfulness-based
stress reduction (MBSR) : a proof-of-concept study in pediatric hematology-oncology
professionals

Background and purpose Little data is available on the effect of mindfulness amongst pediatric hematology-oncology professionals. The purpose was to further document change in biological and psychological stress following a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program.  Materials and methods We led two pre-post interventional studies (n = 12 and n = 25) and measured changes on hair cortisol concentrations, perceived stress, psychological distress and burnout.  Results Professionals did not change on biological stress (d = 0.04), but improved on self-reported measures (median d = 0.58). Effects were maintained over 3 months for psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and burnout (median d = 0.66). Effects were larger if trainees participated to the retreat and if they reported higher baseline perceived stress.  Conclusion In pediatric hematology-oncology professionals, an MBSR program was related with improvements in self-reported stress over 3 months. Components of the program and characteristics of trainees may influence the impact of MBSR.

Keyphrases: Burnout, Cortisol, Hematology-oncology, Mindfulness-based stress reduction, Professional caregivers, Stress
A portrait of self-reported health and distress in parents whose child died of cancer

Grieving a child following cancer is a substantially difficult task. The objectives of this research were: 1) to describe current quality of life (QoL), psychological distress and symptoms of grief of bereaved parents, and 2) to explore the role of possible contributors of QoL and psychological distress. Forty-six parents (32 mothers) of children who died of cancer were surveyed on their QoL, distress, and complicated grief. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Parents had a high frequency of grieving symptoms (58%). Mothers reported more retrospective grief symptoms than fathers when describing the year after child death. Current lower mental well-being was associated with experiencing higher retrospective grief symptoms, a shorter period since child death, and being a father. Hence, parents experienced disturbances even long after child death. Mothers and fathers may present specificities that should be considered when developing supportive activities for this vulnerable population.

Keyphrases: Bereaved parents, Pediatric cancer, Quality of life, Psychological distress, Grief symptoms