NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Probing interfacial interactions and dynamics of polymers enclosed in boron nitride
nanotubes

Understanding interfacial interactions in polymer systems is crucial for their applicability for instance in adhesives and coatings. Enclosing polymers in a cylindrical volume provides a system for studying interactions dictated by a continuous interfacial layer and a bulk-like volume in the middle of the cylinders. Here, we describe a simple method for enclosing polymers into boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and establishing the effect of the interfacial interactions on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymers by infrared spectroscopy. The volume of the inner channel is large in comparison to the volume of the loaded polymer coils, allowing the polymer to expand along the inner channel, resulting in the effect of interfacial interactions on polymer dynamics dominating over confinement effects. As examples, we loaded poly(4-vinyl pyridine), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and poly(disperse red 1 acrylate) in BNNTs. The strongest interaction between the studied polymer and BNNTs was observed for poly(4-vinyl pyridine), which also caused a significant increase of Tg. In addition to characterizing the effect of interfacial interactions on the thermal transitions of the polymers, this method, which is generalizable to most soluble polymer materials, can be used for studying photoinduced transitions in photoactive polymers thanks to the transparency of the BNNTs at visible wavelengths.

Keyphrases: Glass transition temperatures, Photoactive polymers, Loading nanotubes, Infrared spectroscopy
Engagement scolaire en milieu défavorisé : le cas de classes du primaire où sont utilisées les technologies à l’école.

Cette recherche vise à mesurer et à comparer l’évolution de l’engagement scolaire d’élèves issus de milieux défavorisés dans des classes où les technologies de l’information et de la communication sont utilisées par la validation de construit d’un instrument traduit de l’anglais. À l’aide d’une version validée en français du MacArthur Engagement School Survey (Fredricks, Blumenfeld, Friedel et Paris, 2005), il a été possible de dresser un portrait relativement positif de l’engagement scolaire de 230élèves du 3e cycle du primaire. Pour ce faire, des analyses multiniveaux furent entreprises. Les résultats montrent qu’en six mois, la qualité de l’engagement scolaire en ces milieux évolue diféremment selon le degré de défavorisation de leurs écoles. This research had for objectives to evaluate and compare the evolution of pupil engagement in underprivileged schools where ICTs were used in the classrooms by the construct validation of an English survey. From a translated and validated version in French of the MacArthur Engagement School Survey, it was possible to describe relatively positively the school engagement level of 230 ffth- and sixthgraders participating in that study. For that purpose, we used hierarchical linear modeling analysis. Over the course of six months, the results show that the quality of pupils’ engagement vary according to the socioeconomic level of their school.

Keyphrases: Engagement scolaire, Milieux défavorisés, Analyses multiniveaux, Écoles primaires, TIC, School engagement, ICT, Underprivileged schools, Hierarchical linear modeling, Primary level
Différences régionales à
travers le monde des
étudiants inscrits dans un MOOC
francophone : portrait d’un
cas issu de l’initiative EDUlib

Le présent article examine les différences régionales des points de vue de la participation au cours, des profils sociodémographiques, des comportements et des résultats en lien avec la participation à un cours en ligne ouvert et massif (« MOOC »). Nous avons suivi les étudiants d’un cours proposé par l’École des hautes études commerciales (HEC) de Montréal dans leur initiative de MOOC appelée EDUlib. L’analyse a été réalisée à partir des traces laissées sur la plateforme (ressources consultées, nombre de visites, activité dans l’environnement) et des réponses à un questionnaire autorapporté. Nous constatons des différences entre les régions, qui semblent liées aux caractéristiques socioéconomiques de celles-ci. Les résultats laissent suggérer une certaine difficulté à rejoindre ces étudiants. Les participants de ces régions qui s’inscrivent afin de favoriser leur développement continu semblent peiner à réussir le cours. This article examines regional differences based on students’ participation, sociodemographic profiles, behaviors and learning outcomes. To do this, students were followed in a course offered by “École des hautes études commerciales” (HEC) of Montreal in their MOOC initiative called EDUlib. The analysis was performed using the platform traces (accessed resources, number of visits, activities in the environment) and responses to self-report questionnaire. Regionals differences were observed, which seem related to the country’s development index. The results suggest some difficulty in reaching these students, despite the fact that participants who register in order to promote their development seem to struggle to pass the course.

Keyphrases: Formation à distance, MOOC, Francophonie, MOOC, Engagement, Distance learning
Analyse de qualité d’un MOOC: le point de vue des étudiants

L’engouement qui faisait déclarer au New York Times que 2012 était l’« année du MOOC » semble désormais faire place au regard plus critique que porte la recherche sur le phénomène. En ce sens, le défi de la qualité est aussi important dans les MOOC que dans le domaine de la FAD. La présente recherche a pour objectif d’examiner l’appréciation que 631 apprenants font de leur expérience de deux MOOC du HEC Montréal, à partir de leurs perceptions et d’une approche inductive non préalablement fondée sur des a priori théoriques, à l’aide de trois questions ouvertes. Il émerge des résultats des critères d’évaluation se rapprochant de ceux utilisés dans les cadres de qualité en FAD, mais opérationnalisés d’une manière très spécifique. Ainsi, une attention toute particulière devrait être accordée au contenu (liens théorie-pratique, accessibilité des contenus), aux prestations enseignantes et à la clarté des tests. New York Times headlines in 2012 was the «year of the MOOC», putting the spotlight on a new trend, but since then, research stance on this phenomenon is more critical. Hence, the pursuit of quality may be as important in MOOCs in distance education? This research aims to examine the experience of 631 learners in two MOOC of HEC Montreal, based on their perceptions, by applying a qualitative inductive approach without any theoretical a priori, from three open questions. Results highlight criteria that are very close to some of the ones used in distance education quality frameworks, but that are operationalized differently: a special attention to content relations between theory and practice, accessibility of contents, teachers’ performances and clarity of tests and quizzes.

Keyphrases: MOOC, Design pédagogique, FAD, Cadre de qualité, MOOC, CLOM, Online learning, Quality framework
Étude comparative des logiciels d’aide
à l’analyse de données qualitatives :
de l’approche automatique à l’approche manuelle

L’objectif de cet article vise à effectuer un survol descriptif des plus récentes versions de douze logiciels d’aide à l’analyse de données qualitatives (LAADQ). La recension est organisée autour d’une typologie divisée en trois axes, soit les logiciels qui privilégient l’une ou l’autre des approches automatique, semi-automatique ou manuelle. Ces axes ne s’excluent pas mutuellement puisque de plus en plus de concepteurs combinent plusieurs modules dans un même logiciel, permettant de varier les analyses. Néanmoins, chaque logiciel propose habituellement une finalité prévalente, sur laquelle nous insistons lors de l’analyse comparative. Nous décrivons d’abord les caractéristiques principales des logiciels, puis nous présentons leurs forces et leurs limites. Un tableau synthèse comparatif à la fin de l’article permet une consultation rapide des différents outils disponibles sur le marché. Nous espérons ainsi pouvoir orienter les différents choix s’offrant aux chercheurs et faciliter leur décision.

Keyphrases: Méthode d’analyse, Logiciels, Analyse qualitative, Ordinateur
Olfactory-induced locomotion in lampreys

The olfactory system allows animals to navigate in their environment to feed, mate, and escape predators. It is well established that odorant exposure or electrical stimulation of the olfactory system induces stereotyped motor responses in fishes. However, the neural circuitry responsible for the olfactomotor transformations is only beginning to be unraveled. A neural substrate eliciting motor responses to olfactory inputs was identified in the lamprey, a basal vertebrate used extensively to examine the neural mechanisms underlying sensorimotor transformations. Two pathways were discovered from the olfactory organ in the periphery to the brainstem motor nuclei responsible for controlling swimming. The first pathway originates from sensory neurons located in the accessory olfactory organ and reaches a single population of projection neurons in the medial olfactory bulb, which, in turn, transmit the olfactory signals to the posterior tuberculum and then to downstream brainstem locomotor centers. A second pathway originates from the main olfactory epithelium and reaches the main olfactory bulb, the neurons of which project to the pallium/cortex. The olfactory signals are then conveyed to the posterior tuberculum and then to brainstem locomotor centers. Olfactomotor behavior can adapt, and studies were aimed at defining the underlying neural mechanisms. Modulation of bulbar neural activity by GABAergic, dopaminergic, and serotoninergic inputs is likely to provide strong control over the hardwired circuits to produce appropriate motor behavior in response to olfactory cues. This review summarizes current knowledge relative to the neural circuitry producing olfactomotor behavior in lampreys and their modulatory mechanisms.

Keyphrases: Olfaction, Locomotion, Sensorimotor integration, Neuromodulation, Lamprey
Vie privée des mineurs en ligne : protection des données personnelles. Étude comparée entre le droit canadien, américain et celui de l’Union européenne

Cette recherche s’intéresse à un sujet d’actualité portant sur la vie privée des mineurs en ligne, plus particulièrement sur la protection des données personnelles. Depuis l’avènement des nouvelles technologies de l’information et des communications (NTIC) et la venue du web 2.0, la protection des données personnelles demeure question d’actualité en plus d’être fort complexe. Cette question demeure encore plus criante lorsqu’il s’agit de mineurs. La présente recherche s’intéresse d’abord à l’utilisation d’Internet par les mineurs, à la notion de vulnérabilité du mineur et de l’insuffisance des règles actuelles. Elle s’intéresse également à la distinction conceptuelle entre « mineur » et « enfant » avant de s’arrêter plus longuement aux principales formes d’infractions qui portent atteinte à la vie privée et à l’intégrité des mineurs.  Plus loin dans ce mémoire, on s’intéresse aux dispositions législatives et réglementaires au Canada, aux États-Unis et au sein de l’Union européenne. Dans la dernière partie on montre les différences significatives entre le Canada, les États-Unis et l’Union européenne. Dans la conclusion de ce mémoire, nous revenons sur les faits saillants de cette recherche comparative en insistant sur le fait qu’il est complexe de protéger les données personnelles des mineurs et qu’il existe des différences importantes dans les législations et les règlements en vigueur sur le plan national et international. This research study addresses a current concern regarding the privacy of minors online, more specifically the protection of personal data. Since the emergence of new information and communication technologies (NICT) and the introduction of Web 2.0, the protection of personal data remains a relevant and very complex issue. This issue is even more critical when it comes to minors. This research study first looks at Internet use by minors, the notion of a minor person’s vulnerability and the limitations of the current rules. It also examines the conceptual distinction between "minor" and "child" before focusing on the main aspect of violation of a minor's privacy and integrity. Later in this master’s thesis, the legislative and regulatory provisions in Canada, the United States and the European Union are examined. The final section highlights the significant differences between Canada, the United States and the European Union. In the conclusion for this dissertation, we will look back at the highlights of this comparative study, emphasizing that the task of protecting the personal data of minors is complex and that there are significant disparities in the laws and regulations in force at the national and international levels.

Keyphrases: Enfants, Mineurs, Protection des données personnelles, Consentement du mineur, Leurre par Internet, Sextage, Consentement parental, Cyberintimidation, COPPA, RGPD, LPRPDE, LPRPSP, Minors, Children, Personal data protection, Minor's consent, Parental consent, Cyberbullying, Internet luring, Sexting
Concurrent validity of open-ended functional assessment interviews with functional analysis

Open-Ended Functional Assessment Interviews have limited empirical support for their concurrent validity with functional analysis. To address this issue, we conducted a study wherein 176 independent behavior analysts relied on data collected using Open-Ended Functional Assessment Interviews to identify the function of challenging behavior in four children with autism. Then, we compared the results of their analyses with those of a traditional functional analysis. Our results showed that the conclusions drawn by behavior analysts using the Open-Ended Functional Assessment Interviews corresponded with the outcomes of functional analyses in 74% of cases. These findings suggest that the Open-Ended Functional Assessment Interview may inform functional analyses to develop initial hypotheses.

Keyphrases: Autism, Challenging behavior, Concurrent validity, Functional analysis, Indirect functional assessment
Co-occurrence of violence on the severity of abuse in intimate relationships

Several empirical studies have shown that women who experience violence in intimate personal relationships (IPV) commonly experience more than one form of violence. While it is recognized that individual trajectories of IPV vary over time, little is known about the temporal dynamics of this co-occurrence or its consequences. This study describes the different forms of violence experienced by women and looks at whether it is possible to predict when severe violence (physical and sexual) is most likely to occur. Data in the study comes from interviews with 70 women who had been victims of intimate partner violence. The life history calendar method was used to facilitate identifying kinds and levels of violence and the month in which violence took place. Individual victimization trajectories were found to be heterogenous and likely to change in the short term. The women in our sample experienced more than one form of intimate partner violence and co-occurrence of different forms of violence was common in individual trajectories. The characteristics of the kind of violence experienced were important in understanding the temporal aspects of acts of severe violence. The increased knowledge about patterns of violence provided by these results should help to develop better ways to intervene to prevent such events.

Keyphrases: Co-occurrence of violence, Intimate partner violence (IPV), Life history calendar, Physical violence, Severity, Sexual violence, Violence against women
Changes in autistic symptoms and adaptive functioning of children receiving early behavioral intervention in a community setting : a latent growth curve analysis

Despite showing effects in well-controlled studies, the extent to which early intensive behavioral intervention (EBI) produces positive changes in community-based settings remains uncertain. Thus, our study examined changes in autistic symptoms and adaptive functioning in 233 children with autism receiving EBI in a community setting. The results revealed nonlinear changes in adaptive functioning characterized by significant improvements during the intervention and a small linear decrease in autistic symptoms from baseline to follow-up. The intensity of intervention, initial age, IQ and autistic symptoms were associated either with progress during the intervention or maintenance during the follow-up. The next step to extend this line of research involves collecting detailed data about intervention strategies and implementation fidelity to produce concrete recommendations for practitioners.

Keyphrases: Adaptive functioning, Autistic symptoms, Early behavioral intervention, Effectiveness, Latent growth curves
Por uma teoria da editorialização = Towards a theory of editorialisation = Por una teoría de la editorialización

O “fato digital” tem sido objeto de muitas interpretações em diferentes disciplinas: dos estudos midiáticos às ciências da informação e da comunicação, sociologia, psicologia, ciências políticas, e assim por diante. Este artigo parte do conceito de editorialização para propor uma teoria filosófica do mundo na era digital. The “digital turn” has been the object of many disciplinary interpretations: from media studies to the information and communication sciences, sociology, psychology, political sciences, and so on. This paper starts from the concept of editorialisation to propose a philosophical theory of the world in the digital age. El “giro digital” ha sido objeto de muchas interpretaciones en diferentes disciplinas: desde los estudios de los medios de comunicación hasta las ciencias de la información y la comunicación, pasando por la sociología, la psicología y la ciencia política. Este artículo parte del concepto de editorialización para proponer una teoría filosófica del mundo en la era digital.

Keyphrases: Teoria das humanidades digitais, Editorialização, Filosofia, Espaço digital, Filosofia, Theory of the digital humanities, Editorialisation, Philosophy, Digital space, Teoría de las humanidades digitales, Editorialización, Espacio digital
Clinical reasoning underlying acute care occupational therapists' assessment of rehabilitation potential after stroke or brain injury : a constructivist grounded theory study

Introduction In acute care hospitals, clinicians are expected to rapidly provide recommendations regarding patients' rehabilitation potential and candidacy for postacute rehabilitation. Some studies have investigated factors influencing referral to rehabilitation, but few have examined clinical reasoning underlying referral decisions. This study aimed to investigate what occupational therapists were thinking about (factors influencing reasoning), how they reasoned (thought processes) when evaluating stroke or traumatic brain injury patients' rehabilitation potential, and how they decided on referral to postacute rehabilitation.  Methods Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, the clinical reasoning of 10 acute care occupational therapists working in a large Canadian city was examined. Participant recruitment, data collection, and analysis were performed simultaneously following theoretical sampling procedures. Therapists' thoughts on patients' rehabilitation potential were collected twice (during chart consultation and initial patient assessment) using think-aloud protocols and semi-structured interviews. Constant comparison, memoing, and diagramming methods were employed during coding to help categorisation and conceptualisation.  Findings Numerous patient, clinician, and organisation-related factors were found to influence clinical reasoning. Occupational therapists interpreted these factors in an attempt to (1) predict recovery, (2) estimate rehabilitation potential, and (3) determine rehabilitation candidacy. They used two types of thought processes: (1) building a representation of patients' rehabilitation potential (involving eight steps including gathering and interpreting factors); (2) activating bottom-up and top-down scripts (comparing the expected impact of impairments on activity performance to behaviours observed during activity performance). Furthermore, an algorithm was developed describing how occupational therapists decide on referral to postacute rehabilitation.  Conclusion Findings can be used to teach students and novice occupational therapists how to identify and interpret key factors in the assessment of stroke or traumatic brain injury patients' rehabilitation potential. Results also provide insight on cognitive processes that can be taught for efficient assessment of rehabilitation potential and decision-making regarding referral to postacute rehabilitation.

Keyphrases: Acute care, Clinical reasoning, Qualitative research, Stroke, Traumatic brain injury
A qualitative study of health care providers’ uptake of the Project Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) for chronic pain

Introduction: There is an enormous need for pain education among all health care professions before and after licensure. The study goal was to explore generic and chronic pain–specific factors that influenced uptake of a continuous education program for chronic pain, the Project Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) CHUM Douleur chronique. Methods: The study team conducted 20 semistructured virtual interviews among participants of the program. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and two analysts used a reflexive thematic analysis approach to generate study themes. Results: Five aspects facilitating engagement, continued participation, and uptake of the Project ECHO were identified: rapid access to reliable information, appraising one’s knowledge, cultivating meaningful relationships, breaking the silos of learning and practice, and exponential possibilities of treatment orchestrations for a complex condition with no cure. Although participants’ experiences of the program was positive overall, some obstacles to engagement and continued participation were identified: heterogeneity of participants’ profiles, feelings of powerlessness and discouragement in the face of complex incurable pain conditions, challenges in applying recommendations, medical hierarchy, and missed opportunity for advocacy. Discussion: Many disease-specific and contextual factors contributed to an increased motivation to participate in the ECHO program. Some elements, such as the complexity of diagnosis and treatment, and the multidisciplinary requirements to manage cases were identified as elements motivating one’s participation in the program but also acting as a barrier to knowledge uptake. These must be understood in the broader systemic challenges of the current health care system and lack of resources to access allied health care.

Keyphrases: Project ECHO, Chronic pain, Continuous education, Qualitative, Multidisciplinary