NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
On Editorialization: Structuring Space and Authority in the Digital Age

In « On Editorialization: Structuring Space and Authority in the Digital Age », Marcello Vitali-Rosati examines how authority changes in the digital era. Authority seems to have vanished in the age of the web, since the spatial relationships that authority depends on are thought to have levelled out: there are no limits or boundaries, no hierarchies or organized structures anymore. Vitali-Rosati claims the opposite to be the case: digital space is well-structured and material and has specific forms of authority. Editorialization is one key process that organizes this space and thus brings into being digital authority. Investigating this process of editorialization, Vitali-Rosati reveals how politics can be reconceived in the digital age.

Keyphrases: Éditorialisation, Espace architectural, Espace numérique, Politics, Politique, World Wide Web, Web, Algorithms, Privé / public, private / public, Détournements, Autorité, Authority, Editorialization, Space, Digital space
Can pragmatic inference benefit from topic prominence?
ERP evidence from Mandarin Chinese

This study investigated how pragmatic inference making is modulated by information structure in preceding text. We created three types of two-clause structures in which the interpretation of a critical word in the second clause was dependent on the engagement of pragmatic inference as well as a successful establishment of a referential relation between the target word and an intended antecedent in the preceding text. An enhanced P600 response was elicited by target words when the intended referent was in non-topic position compared to topic position or sub-topic position. Moreover, a reduced N400 was elicited by the target word when the intended referent in the preceding clause was in non-topic position, compared to topic position. These findings suggest that the process of building an inferential relation can benefit from information structural prominence of topicality.

Keyphrases: Topic, Information structure, Pragmatic inference, N400, P600
Development of a tool to screen risk of literacy delays in
French-speaking children: PHOPHLO

Literacy is crucial for success, both professionally and personally. Oral language skills are closely related to literacy development in children. When a child has weak oral language skills, they will have difficulty achieving reading and writing competencies within the expected time frame. In this paper, we present results from a longitudinal and cross-sectional study of the relationship between oral language skills in pre-literate children, and one aspect of their literacy skills in early elementary school—specifically, spelling. The study was conducted with French-speaking children and French-language learners from Quebec, a population that has been understudied in this area. We developed a predictive tool that will allow teachers and other professionals to assess oral language skills in young children and to predict those children at risk for literacy difficulties. Specifically, we screened children’s speech perception, speech production, phonological awareness, and morphology production abilities at entry to first grade and predicted spelling skills at the end of second grade. The screening tool that we developed proved to have a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 93% as a screen for poor spelling abilities. La littératie est un élément crucial du succès à la fois professionnel et personnel. Les habiletés de langage oral sont intimement liées au développement de la littératie chez les enfants. En effet, lorsqu’un enfant a de faibles habiletés de langage oral, il aura plus de difficulté à développer ses habiletés de lecture et d’écriture dans les délais prévus. Nous présentons les résultats d’une étude longitudinale et transversale qui explore les liens entre les habiletés de langage oral chez des enfants n’ayant pas appris à lire ou à écrire et leurs habiletés de littératie au premier cycle du primaire. Cette étude a été menée auprès d’enfants franco-québécois natifs et non natifs, une population peu étudiée dans ce domaine. Nous avons créé un outil prédictif qui permettra aux enseignants et autres professionnels d’évaluer les habiletés de langage oral des enfants et de prédire ceux qui sont à risque de présenter des difficultés de littératie. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons évalué les habiletés de perception et de production de la parole, de conscience phonologique et de production morphologique d’enfants débutant leur première année du primaire. Nous avons prédit leurs habiletés d’orthographe à la fin de leur deuxième année (fin du premier cycle du primaire). L’outil développé a démontré une sensibilité de 71% et une spécificité de 93% pour dépister les faibles habiletés d’orthographe.

Keyphrases: Literacy, Spelling, Oral, Screening, Speech, Perception, Phonological, Awareness, Morphology, Language, Oral, Perception
The factors contributing to teacher predictions of spelling ability, and the accuracy of their assessments

In this study, teachers of kindergarten and Grade 1 French-speaking students indicated the likelihood their students would develop later writing difficulties. Results showed that language measures, language background, the education levels of parents, and home literacy practices predicted whether children would be identified as at-risk. Moreover children’s oral language skills accounted for even more of the variance in teacher ratings than other variables. Spelling performance assessed 1-year later from a subset of children indicated that the teacher predictions were accurate. Thus, teachers appear to be an effective source for predicting children’s future literacy performance.

Keyphrases: Spelling, Emergent literacy, Oral language
Insensitivity to verb conjugation patterns in French children with SLI

Specific language impairment (SLI) is characterized by persistent difficulties that affect language abilities in otherwise normally developing children (Leonard, 2014). It remains challenging to identify young children affected by SLI in French. We tested oral production of the passé composé tense in 19 children in kindergarten and first grade with SLI aged from 5;6 to 7;4 years. All children were schooled in a French environment, but with different linguistic backgrounds. We used an Android application, Jeu de verbes (Marquis et al., 2012), with six verbs in each of four past participle categories (ending in -é, -i, -u, and Other irregulars). We compared their results and error types to those of control children (from Marquis, 2012–2014) matched for gender, age, languages spoken at home, and parental education. Results show that children with SLI do not master the passé composé in the same way as typical French children do, at later ages than previously shown in the literature. This task shows potential for oral language screening in French-speaking children in kindergarten and first grade, independently of language background.

Keyphrases: Specific language impairment, French, Conjugation groups, Verbs, Morphology
L’acquisition du genre quand il est déjà acquis : l’expérience
d’enfants hispanophones apprenant le français

This study tests the acquisition of French in Spanish-speaking children by documenting the acquisition of noun phrases in sequential bilingual (Spanish-French) children, compared to native French speakers, matched according to age or language development level. Ten Spanishspeaking children aged 4 to 6 years who were exposed to French for one year on average produced French noun phrases with adjectives and determiners in French (ex. la petite maison verte; the little house green). Results show that bilingual children have more difficulty than French children when producing these French noun phrases. Further analyses on adjective production revealed grammatical gender, adjective variability and participant group effects on results. Variable feminine adjectives are much more difficult for bilingual children to master than for monolingual speakers. Furthermore, an analysis of errors revealed qualitative differences in syntactic errors in the three groups. These findings help us identify typical acquisition difficulties for noun phrases in second language learners and are discussed within a clinical perspective. Cette étude évalue l’acquisition du français chez les hispanophones en documentant l’acquisition du syntagme nominal chez des enfants bilingues séquentiels (EB) hispanofrancophones, en comparaison à des enfants francophones unilingues appariés selon l’âge (EUA) ou le niveau de langage (EUL). Dix enfants hispanophones âgés de 4 à 6 ans, exposés au français depuis environ un an, ont produit des syntagmes nominaux avec des déterminants et des adjectifs en français (ex. : la petite maison verte). Les résultats révèlent que les EB réussissent moins bien que les enfants francophones dans les tâches de production de syntagmes nominaux en français. Des analyses plus poussées sur la réussite avec des adjectifs ont révélé des effets de genre grammatical, de variabilité de l’adjectif et de groupe de participants sur les résultats. Les adjectifs féminins variables sont beaucoup plus difficiles à maîtriser pour les EB que pour les enfants unilingues. De plus, une analyse d’erreurs a permis de faire ressortir des différences qualitatives entre les groupes pour la syntaxe. Nos résultats permettent d’identifier les difficultés communes d’acquisition du syntagme nominal chez les enfants apprenant une langue seconde et sont discutées dans une perspective clinique.

Keyphrases: Acquisition, Grammatical, Bilinguisme, Séquentiel, Langage, Acquisition, Genre, Grammatical, Syntagme, Nominal
Is distance to the nearest registered public automated defibrillator
associated with the probability of bystander shock for victims of
out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?

Introduction: Rapid access to defibrillation is a key element in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). Public automated external defibrillators (PAEDs) are becoming increasingly available, but little information exists regarding the relation between the proximity to the arrest and their usage in urban areas. Methods: This study is a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional analysis of non-traumatic OHCA during a 24-month period in the greater Montreal area (Quebec, Canada). Using logistic regression, bystander shock odds are described with regards to distance from the OHCA scene to the nearest PAED, adjusted for prehospital care arrival delay and time of day, and stratifying for type of location. Results: Out of a total of 2,443 OHCA victims identified, 77 (3%) received bystander PAED shock, 622 (26%) occurred out-of-home, and 743 (30%) occurred during business hours. When controlling for time (business hours versus other hours) and minimum response delay for prehospital care arrival, a marginal negative association was found between bystander shock and distance to the nearest PAED in logged meters (aOR=0.80; CI, 0.64-0.99) for out-of-home cardiac arrests. No significant association was found between distance and bystander shock for at-home arrests. Out-of-home victims had significantly higher odds of receiving bystander shock up to 175 meters of distance to a PAED inclusively (aOR=2.52; CI, 1.07-5.89). Conclusion: For out-of-home cardiac arrests, proximity to a PAED was associated with bystander shock in the greater Montreal area. Strategies aiming to increase accessibility and use of these life-saving devices could further expand this advantage by assisting bystanders in rapidly locating nearby PAEDs.

Keyphrases: Arrêt cardiorespiratoire extra-hospitalier, Défibrillation publique, Défibrillateur externe automatisé
The temporal dynamics of inflected word recognition: a masked ERP priming study of French verbs

Morphological aspects of human language processing have been suggested by some to be reducible to the combination of orthographic and semantic effects, while others propose that morphological structure is represented separately from semantics and orthography and involves distinct neuro-cognitive processing mechanisms. Here we used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to investigate semantic, morphological and formal (orthographic) processing conjointly in a masked priming paradigm. We directly compared morphological to both semantic and formal/orthographic priming (shared letters) on verbs. Masked priming was used to reduce strategic effects related to prime perception and to suppress semantic priming effects. The three types of priming led to distinct ERP and behavioural patterns: semantic priming was not found, while formal and morphological priming resulted in diverging ERP patterns. These results are consistent with models of lexical processing that make reference to morphological structure. We discuss how they fit in with the existing literature and how unresolved issues could be addressed in further studies.

Keyphrases: ERPs, Masked priming, Semantics, Morphology, Orthography, French
Acquisition of French adjectives in Quebec French as revealed by elicitation data

This study presents data from an elicitation study on French size and color adjectives in noun phrases (DPs), both early acquired structures. Thirty-two francophone children aged 3–5 years participated in the study. Adjectives were elicited using specially designed puzzles and spontaneous speech corpora. We observed that errors in French variable adjectives are produced in the early acquisition stages, especially in the context of feminine colour DPs. We propose that the source of difficulty for feminine variable adjectives is the retrieval of a lexicalized form that competes with the masculine adjective denoting the same concept.

Keyphrases: Concord, French, Adjectives, Elicitation
Rodeo File

The documents, texts and videos below relate to the analysis of the data collected during the Montreal and St-Tite rodeos of the summer of 2017. They constitute a milestone in the steps that I initiated a few months ago on the basis of the protocol approved by the Superior Court of Quebec on June 16, 2017 (Honorable Stephen W. Hamilton, Superior Court of Quebec, Judicial District of Montreal, File No. 500-17-098815-171) under which I was the accorded the right of unlimited access to the facilities and animal beings.  A document of over 600 pages reporting the analyses of Dr. Jean-Jacques Kona-Boun, DVM, MSc, DACVAA, is now in the hands of the Advisory Committee on Animal Welfare and Safety Used in Rodeo Activities that was established by the Quebec Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food on the basis of the Superior Court Judgment. The Committee is now mandated to study the Report’s implications in light of the new Animal Welfare and Safety Act (RLRQ, C. B-3.1) and to make appropriate recommendations to the Government of Quebec.  The people of Quebec are entitled to expect the Quebec government to ensure compliance with its own law. Otherwise the government will have to assume the consequences of its decisions. Animal advocates are now sufficiently well-organized to defend their cause using all legal and judicial resources at their disposal.

Keyphrases: Rodeo, Animal welfare and safety, Veterinary analysis, Animal rights
Carte des creux et crêtes de l’île de Montréal sur photographie aérienne

Carte de l’île de Montréal présentant les creux actuels les plus proches des lits des anciens cours d’eau mentionnés sur les cartes historiques et les limites des bassins versants de chaque ancien cours d’eau sur une photographie aérienne tirée de Google Earth. Map of the island of Montreal showing the current thalwegs closest to the trajectories of former watercourses as they appear on historical maps and the boundaries of the watersheds of each former watercourse on an aerial photography from Google Earth.

Keyphrases: crêtes, cours d'eau, carte historique, relief, hydrographie, cartographie, altimétrie, topographie, creux, bassins versants, ruisseaux, Montréal, altimetry, hydrography, historical map, topography, ridge line, stream, talweg, watercourses, mapping, thalweg, watershed, crest line, cartography
Carte des creux et crêtes de l’île de Montréal sur carte géologique

Carte de l’île de Montréal présentant les creux actuels les plus proches des lits des anciens cours d’eau mentionnés sur les cartes historiques et les limites des bassins versants de chaque ancien cours d’eau sur la "carte des caractéristiques géologiques et géotechniques des dépôts meubles de l'île de Montréal et des environs" (Prest, VK; Hode-Keyser, J. Commission géologique du Canada, Études 75-27, 1982; Gouvernement du Canada.) Map of the island of Montreal showing the current thalwegs closest to the trajectories of former watercourses as they appear on historical maps and the boundaries of the watersheds of each former watercourse on the "Map of surficial geology of Montreal Island" (Prest, VK; Hode-Keyser, J. Geological survey of Canada, Paper 75-27, 1982; Government of Canada.)

Keyphrases: crêtes, cours d'eau, carte historique, relief, hydrographie, cartographie, altimétrie, topographie, creux, bassins versants, ruisseaux, Montréal, altimetry, hydrography, historical map, topography, ridge line, stream, talweg, watercourses, mapping, thalweg, watershed, crest line, cartography
Carte des creux et crêtes de l’île de Montréal sur carte des roches

Carte de l’île de Montréal présentant les creux actuels les plus proches des lits des anciens cours d’eau mentionnés sur les cartes historiques et les limites des bassins versants de chaque ancien cours d’eau sur la "carte du Rapport géologique no. 152" (Clark, TH. 1961. Service de l’exploration géologique.) Map of the island of Montreal showing the current thalwegs closest to the trajectories of former watercourses as they appear on historical maps and the boundaries of the watersheds of each former watercourse on the "Map of geological Report No. 152" (Clark, TH. 1961. Geological Exploration Service.)

Keyphrases: crêtes, cours d'eau, carte historique, relief, hydrographie, cartographie, altimétrie, topographie, creux, bassins versants, ruisseaux, Montréal, altimetry, hydrography, historical map, topography, ridge line, stream, talweg, watercourses, mapping, thalweg, watershed, crest line, cartography
Carte des anciens cours d’eau de l’île de Montréal

Carte à l’encre de Chine présentant le relief actuel des îles de l’Archipel d’Hochelaga, les cours d’eau de l’île de Montréal dans leur état estimé au XVIIIe siècle avec leur nom le plus courant et leurs déviations anciennes, déduit à partir de cartes historiques Map drawn with Chinese ink showing the current relief of the islands of the archipelago of Hochelaga, the watercourses of the island of Montreal in their estimated state in the 17th century with their most frequently used names and their ancient deviations, deduced using historical maps

Keyphrases: crêtes, cours d'eau, carte historique, relief, hydrographie, cartographie, altimétrie, topographie, creux, bassins versants, ruisseaux, Montréal, altimetry, hydrography, historical map, topography, ridge line, stream, talweg, watercourses, mapping, thalweg, relief, watershed, crest line, cartography
Femmes immigrantes et intersectionnalité: enjeux méthodologiques pour la recherche en santé au Canada

L’article qui suit présente les principaux questionnements méthodologiques relatifs à l’opérationnalisation de l’approche intersectionnelle dans les recherches en santé des femmes immigrantes au Canada. L’identification et la compréhension de l’interaction des différents systèmes d’oppression, la catégorisation de ces intersections et le développement d’une grille d’analyse efficace demeurent les principaux obstacles. Quelques pistes de solution sont par la suite introduites.

Keyphrases: Santé, Femmes migrantes, Approche intersectionnelle, Enjeux méthodologiques
Unraveling the correlations between conformation, lubrication, and chemical stability of bottlebrush polymers at interfaces

In the present study, we monitored the conformation and chemical stability of a hydrophilic bottlebrush (BB) polymer in pure water and buffered saline solutions. We correlated these parameters to lubricating and wear protecting properties. Using the Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA), we show that the BB polymer partially adsorbs on mica surfaces and extends half its contour length toward the aqueous media. This conformation gives rise to a strong repulsive interaction force when surfaces bearing BB polymer chains are pressed against each other. Analysis of these repulsive forces demonstrated that the adsorbed polymer chains could be described as end-attached elastic rods. After 2 months of aging at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37 °C, partial scission of the BB polymer's lateral chains was observed by Gel Permeation Chromatography with a half-life time of the polymer of at least two years. The thickness of the BB polymer layer assessed by SFA appeared to quickly decrease with aging time and temperature which was mainly caused by the adsorption to the substrate of the released lateral chains. The gradual loss of the BB polymer lateral chains did not impact significantly the tribological properties of the BB polymer solution nor its wear protection capacity. The friction coefficient between mica surfaces immersed in the BB polymer solution was  = 0.031 ± 0.002, and was independent of the aging conditions and remained constant up to an applied pressure P = 15 atm. Altogether, this study demonstrates that besides the gradual loss of lateral chains, the BB polymer is still able to perform adequately as a lubricant and wear protecting agent over a time period suitable for in vivo administration.

Keyphrases: Bottlebrush polymer, Stability, Wear protection, Polymer conformation
Uninflected structure in genetic dysphasic speech: evidence from French

We present the results of 20 French subjects with familial language impairment (FLI) on a linguistic battery task, with an emphasis on verb production. The results show strong qualitative differences between the verb production of FLI subjects and that of controls. Language-specific factors do not seem to determine the production of verbs in French FLI individuals. Rather, verb frequency and the inflectional status (uninflected vs. inflected) of the form seem to be determining factors in correct/incorrect production of a verb in a sentence context. The phonetic structure of French inflection provides additional arguments against the hypothesis of a processing deficit in FLI subjects. French tense morphemes are stressed and salient, and should therefore be produced without problems, according to the processing hypothesis. We found evidence contrary to this postulate. We therefore submit that the morphological deficit hypothesis is supported by the French data.

Keyphrases: Language impairment, French, Verbal inflection, Morphological deficit, Verb frequency