NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
The journalistic hyperlink

Hypertextuality has been a fundamental characteristic of the Web since its inception. It also impacts on journalism: the ability to link pages, sites and documents stands out as one of the features that essentially differentiates online news from other media. This paper investigates how prescriptive discourses about online journalism deal with hypertextuality. Focusing on hyperlinks as a concrete embodiment of the vague notion of hypertextuality, this project discusses how hyperlinks have been incorporated within the body of journalistic shared knowledge. We draw on a qualitative content analysis of journalism textbooks, as well as interviews with journalism educators in French-speaking Belgium. Analysing them qualitatively, we discuss how different traditional journalistic values are invoked and articulated when it comes to give guidelines about the ideal use of hyperlinks. Results highlight inherent contradictions between the values that are summoned, but we argue that such inconsistencies are constructive and that they are crucial for journalistic collective identities.

Keyphrases: Discourse, Hyperlinks, Hypertextuality, Online journalism
Towards a hyperlinked society : a critical review of link studies

The hyperlink is a fundamental feature of the web. This paper investigates how hyperlinks have been used as research objects in social sciences. Reviewing a body of literature belonging to sociology, political sciences, information sciences, geography or media studies, it particularly reflects on the study of hyperlinks as indicators of other social phenomena. Why are links counted and hyperlink networks measured? How are links interpreted? The paper then focuses on barriers and limitations to the study of links. It addresses the issue of unobtrusiveness, the importance of interpreting links in context, and the possibilities of large-scale, automatic link studies. We finally argue that beyond the apparent diversity and ad hoc methodologies that the reviewed studies propose, a unified framework exists. It combines quantitative link counts, qualitative inquiries and valuation of field expertise to support link interpretation.

Keyphrases: Hyperlinks, Hypertextuality, Hyperlink network analysis, Link analysis, Web studies
The Material Traces of Journalism

This paper explores how the study of objects of journalism, retraced through the material traces left in metajournalistic discourses, might constitute a robust basis to investigate change and permanence in contemporary journalism. We delineate a research program focusing on materiality that requires foremost that objects should not be taken for granted and, therefore, that each object’s social history be minutely retraced. Stemming from two specific objects (the blog and the hyperlink), the paper argues that beyond their idiosyncrasies, both follow a similar rationale that could be extrapolated to other objects and lead to a materially focused social history of journalism in a digital age. The paper first clarifies how we approached the notion of “objects of journalism” and which objects we chose to study. Then, we show how different theoretical frameworks led us to adopt a similar research stance and a shared hypothetico-inductive path: determining how objects are parts of a series and analyzing metajournalistic discourses to retrace each object’s history on an empirically grounded basis. The resulting attention to filiations and context ultimately produces a contextualized socio-history of objects

Keyphrases: Hyperlink, Interdiscursivity, Materiality, Metajournalistic discourses, Objects, Socio-history, Weblogs
Why linking matters : a metajournalistic discourse analysis

Journalists have incorporated hyperlinks (i.e. linking) into their professional practice since the early stages of digital news expansion. Media scholars and professionals have continually championed their use, yet little is known about the perceptions and uses of links in journalism practice on a broad journalistic scale. Drawing on an analysis of metajournalistic discourses, this study finds that links in news resonate with different aspects of newsmaking: the transparency of news production processes, the user experience, and the economic context. While journalists and other news media experts may indeed see value in linking, that optimism is tempered by levels of caution and worry, suggesting a need for media scholars, journalists, and news organization to re-evaluate the deployment of links within the news process

Keyphrases: Digital journalism, Hyperlinks, Linking, Metajournalistic discourse analysis
Rapport annuel  2013-2014

Rapport annuel des activités de la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal en 2013-2014.

Keyphrases: Rapport annuel, Bibliothèques
Rapport annuel 2014-2015

Rapport annuel des activités de la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal en 2014-2015.

Keyphrases: Bibliothèques, Rapport annuel
Rapport annuel 2015-2016

Rapport annuel des activités de la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal en 2015-2016.

Keyphrases: Bibliothèques, Rapport annuel
Composition et direction, une démarche complémentaire

Ce mémoire fait état de ma démarche de compositeur à l'intérieur d'un cadre plus large qui inclue une démarche de direction. Croyant que ces disciplines vont de pair, j'ai consacré ma maîtrise à composer du matériel pour orchestre et pour chœur, deux ensembles qui exigent la présence d'un chef. Je pouvais ainsi approfondir ma connaissance de ces « instruments » à l'intérieur du cadre rigoureux offert par la Faculté de Musique de l'Université de Montréal. Parallèlement, mes activités de chef ont aussi eu une influence sur ma compréhension de ces ensembles et donc sur mon écriture. Ce travail récapitule donc le matériel que j'ai écrit pour ces ensembles, prenant soin de souligner à la fois où mon expérience d'écriture grandie, et où mon expérience de chef impacte mes choix de composition. This work is about the composition part of a larger ambition that also includes conducting. Believing that those two disciplines are closely related, I took most of my time as a master's student composing for orchestra and for choir, two ensembles that require a conductor. This way I could deepen my understanding of those "instruments" with the help of rigorous teachers at Université de Montréal's music faculty. At the same time, my conducting activities also had an influence on my understanding of those ensembles therefore on my composition. This work goes through the material I wrote for those ensembles, pinpointing where I felt my experience as a composer was growing, and where my experience as a conductor influenced my composition choices.

Keyphrases: Harmonie, Motif, Cellule, Thème, Forme, Écriture, Direction, Choeur, Orchestration, Contrepoint, Harmony, Counterpoint, Cell, Theme, Form, Crafting, Conducting, Choir
Identification d’obstacles et de difficultés inhérents à l’apprentissage de l’algèbre abstraite

L'apprentissage de l’algèbre abstraite semble correspondre, pour les étudiants de niveau universitaire ou collégial, à l'introduction d'une multitude de nouveautés conceptuelles. Afin de mieux comprendre les raisons du taux d'échec important mesuré dans cette discipline, nous avons tenté de dégager les obstacles ou les difficultés rencontrés et nous les avons regroupés en quatre familles. Sur la base d'un exemple tiré d'une séquence d'introduction à l'algèbre abstraite et des productions des étudiants, nous relèverons que, en plus de devoir franchir un cap dans le niveau d'abstraction requis, les étudiants sont, souvent pour la première fois de leur parcours, confrontés à une théorie axiomatique développée comme telle, à des définitions de nature essentielle dont l'emploi va parfois à l'encontre du sens usuel, à l'absence de représentation graphique ainsi qu'à un processus de preuve formelle pour lequel ils n'ont été jusque-là que peu entraînés. For university or college students, the learning of abstract algebra seems to involve a multitude of conceptual innovations. To better understand the reasons for the high failure rate in abstract algebra courses, we have aimed at identifying the obstacles or difficulties encountered and grouped them into four families. Based on an example from an introductory sequence in abstract algebra, we will show that in addition to having to reach an unprecedented level of abstraction, students, often for the first time in their mathematical instruction, have to face simultaneously an axiomatic theory developed with essential type definitions that seem to go against the usual meaning, a lack of graphical representation as well as a process of formal proof for which they had little to no training.

Keyphrases: Algèbre abstraite, Obstacle, Abstraction, Définition, Représentation, Preuve, Obstacle, Abstraction, Obstacle, Abstraction, Abstract algebra, Obstacle, Abstraction, Definition, Representation, Proof
Le rythme dans les musiques traditionnelles de l'Amérique du Sud : modélisation, typologie et signification culturelle

Notre thèse vise une analyse comparative qui porte sur le paramètre du rythme. Le corpus d’étude est constitué d’une quarantaine de genres musicaux parmi les plus emblématiques de l’Amérique du Sud. La problématique principale consiste à comprendre le rapport entre la structure des rythmes et leurs dénominations vernaculaires multiples et de faire émerger leur signification culturelle. L’objectif de notre analyse est d’aboutir à des alternatives typologiques à géométrie variable mettant en confrontation les plans d’observation (endogène et exogène). Ces typologies nous permettent en même temps de mettre en relief les airs de famille entre les rythmes ainsi que leurs éventuelles filiations.  Cette analyse s’appuie sur divers procédés de transcription, de modélisation et de comparaison des patterns polyrythmiques. Plusieurs composantes et aspects relatifs au paramètre rythmique sont également considérés, tels les oppositions de timbre, le tempo, les multiples spécificités performancielles, ainsi que les principes agogiques mis en oeuvre par les musiciens.  Constituée de quatre chapitres, notre thèse fait état des différentes étapes méthodologiques de notre travail : analyse musicale, premières propositions typologiques (perspective exogène), enquêtes menées auprès des détenteurs des traditions (perspective endogène). Les deux perspectives sont ensuite mises en relation, voire confrontées, le tout dans une optique de validation culturelle des données conduisant à de nouvelles solutions typologiques. Our thesis is a comparative analysis that focuses on rhythm as a parameter. The corpus of study consists of forty of the most iconic music genres of South America. The main issue is to understand the relationship between the structure of the rhythms and their various vernacular names and to make their cultural meaning emerge. The goal of our analysis is to create typological alternatives that confront the observation plans (endogenous and exogenous). These typologies focus on the family similarities between the rhythms and their possible affiliations. This analysis is based on various transcription processes, modeling and comparison of polyrhythmic patterns. Several aspects and components relating to the rhythmic parameter will also be considered, such as timbre oppositions, tempo, multiple performance formulations, and agogic principles created by the musicians. Consisting of four chapters, our thesis is based on several methodological steps: our music analysis and our initial typological proposals (exogenous perspective) on one hand, and on the other hand, our investigation process lead with the owners of the traditions (endogenous perspective). Both perspectives are then related, or faced, all in the perspective of a cultural validation.

Keyphrases: Rythme, Amérique du Sud, Modélisation, Typologie, Comparaison, Signification, Typologie, Rhythm, South America, Modeling, Typology, Comparing, Significance
Trucs et astuces pour l'analyse d'un article scientifique

« Dans cet atelier vous serez exposé à l’analyse d’un article scientifique. Existe-t-il une structure commune aux différents types d’articles scientifiques? Quels sont les critères d’évaluation spécifiques à chaque type d’article? L’atelier vous permettra de répondre à ces questions et vous fournira des outils d’analyse. »

Keyphrases: structure IMRED, méthodologie de recherche, lecture critique d'article
Predictors of trivialization of workplace violence among healthcare workers and law enforcers

This study aims to identify individual and organizational predictors of trivialization of violence in 2 work sectors: healthcare and law enforcement. On the basis of data from a survey conducted among 1,141 workers from healthcare (e.g., nurses, orderlies.) and law enforcement (e.g., police, security agents), individual (sex, age, exposure to violence), and organizational factors (violence prevention training, support from colleagues and supervisors, presence of a “zero tolerance” policy and safety of physical environment) were used to predict trivialization of violence. Analyses were also conducted separately for women and men, and post hoc comparisons of regression estimates were performed to assess sex differences. Men were more likely than women to think that violence is normal in their workplace. Law enforcers were more likely than healthcare workers to perceive a taboo associated with complaining about workplace violence. This last result was most salient in the model with women, where the odds of perceiving a taboo associated with complaining about workplace violence were 2 times higher among law enforcers. Organizational factors were all significant negative predictors of perceiving a taboo associated with complaining about workplace violence. Trivialization was also positively associated with witnessing violent acts, not with being direct victim of workplace violence. By identifying factors that hinder work-related threat assessment and management, this study showed that organizations can decrease or prevent trivialization of workplace violence. Organizations may counter underreporting of this threat, which will increase capacity to assess the real magnitude of this problem and to better manage it

Keyphrases: Trivialization of workplace violence, Healthcare workers, Law enforcers, Sex differences
Politique agricole et capabilités : quel degré de compatibilité ?

Early awareness by famine in 1948 in India, Amartya Sen has produced many works on issues of social justice and economic ethics. “Capabilities” are of this view a flagship concept of his theory. The economist believes that the difficulties encountered by an individual to access to food that are not related to insufficient amounts of food. These difficulties are closely correlated to the institutional mechanisms that are intended to bring capacity to live better. Taking the food issue seriously, Sen said nothing on the way to reduce the constraints on the conditions of access to food. This article aims to see how the “capabilities” are compatible with the agricultural policy, and what is the degree of compatibility? Such an exercise has limits that it will bring to light. Très tôt sensibilisé par la famine de 1948 en Inde, Amartya Sen a produit de nombreux travaux sur les questions de justice sociale et d'éthique économique. Les « capabilités » constituent de ce point de vue un concept phare de sa théorie. Cet économiste estime que les difficultés éprouvées par un individu pour accéder à l'alimentation ne sont pas que liées à des quantités insuffisantes de nourriture. Ces difficultés sont intimement corrélées à des mécanismes institutionnels qui ont pour finalité d'apporter des capacités de mieux vivre. Prenant la question alimentaire au sérieux, Sen ne dit mot sur le moyen de réduire les contraintes pesant sur les conditions d'accès à la nourriture. Cet article se propose de voir en quoi les « capabilités » sont compatibles avec la politique agricole, et quel en est le degré de compatibilité? Un tel exercice comporte toutefois des limites qu'il s'agira de mettre au jour.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Capabilities, Justice, Agricultural Policy, philosophy, ethics, economics, Capabilités justice, philosophie, éthique, économie, Justice, philosophie, éthique, économie, politique agricole
Introduire le concept de personne en économie ? Des capabilités au care : réciprocité et responsabilité

T The concept of person has not been studied so far in economic. Instead the theory refers to an egoistic individual able to calculate and to predict the actions. Nevertheless, some recent studies (Loty et al. 2014; Ballet et al. 2014) have just intended to introduce the concept of person in economics. According to some authors, the person can be defined by its ability to assume its responsibilities, beyond Sen’s approach of capabilities. Others authors highlight a person's dehumanization, and seek to complete the reconciliation of reason, morality, responsibility and freedom. These studies offer a methodological viewpoint and a way to re-humanize the person. However none explore the link to care as an ethics neither a more socio-economic approach that could challenge the hegemony of the market as an economic integration principle. This is precisely what we aim to do in this communication: we seek to develop our own definition of the personalist philosophy connected to the care in ethics and the vulnerability and aiming empowerment. Le concept de personne a peu été étudié dans la théorie économique qui lui préfère celui d’individu, réduit à une machine à calculer dont on peut prédire les actions. Pourtant, certaines analyses récentes (Loty et al. 2014 ; Ballet et al. 2014) visent clairement à introduire le concept de personne en économie. Selon certains théoriciens, la personne se définit par son aptitude (‘ability’) à assumer ses responsabilités, au-delà d’une approche par les capabilities empruntée à Sen. D’autres évoquent une déshumanisation de la personne, et cherchent à achever la réconciliation entre raison, morale, responsabilité et liberté. Ces analyses ont en commun de proposer une réflexion méthodologique et appliquée en vue de ré-humaniser la personne. Néanmoins, aucune n’explore ni le lien à l’éthique du care, ni une approche davantage socio-économique remettant en cause l’hégémonie du marché comme principe d’intégration économique. C’est précisément dans ce sillage que se situe notre communication qui vise à développer une définition de la philosophie personnaliste en lien avec l’éthique du care et la prise en compte de la vulnérabilité dans une optique d’émancipation.

Keyphrases: philosophy, ethics, economics, Capabilities, Care, Personalism, Reciprocity, Responsability., philosophy, ethics, economics, Capabilities, Care, Réciprocité, Responsabilité., philosophie, éthique, économie, Capabilities, Care, philosophie, éthique, économie, Capabilities, Care, Personalisme
Les structures spatiales de l’éditorialisation. « Terre et mer » de Carl Schmitt et l’espace numérique

Comment penser l’espace à l’ère du numérique? En nous inscrivant dans le sillage du « tournant spatial », nous nous proposons de conjuguer la théorie de l’éditorialisation et la réflexion sur l’espace à l’aide d’une confrontation avec l’ouvrage « Terre et mer » du théoricien de la géopolitique Carl Schmitt. How to think space in a digital era? In the wake of the « spatial turn », we propose to combine the theory of editorialization and the reflection on space by means of a confrontation with « Land and Sea », by the theoretician of geopolitics Carl Schmitt.

Keyphrases: Éditorialisation, Espace numérique, Espace, Terre et mer, Tournant spatial, Espace architectural, Imaginaire-réel, Schmitt, Carl
L'écrivain de profil(s)... Facebook. Réflexion autour d'une photographie de profil de Victoria Welby

« Opérant la distinction entre l’auteur littéraire et la fonction auteur à laquelle peut désormais prétendre n’importe quel usager de l’outil numérique, Étienne Candel et Gustavo Gomez-Mejia suggèrent qu’« au-delà de la compétence technique de l’auteur, la valeur littéraire relèverait en particulier des connotations attribuées au prestige d’une technologie ou d’une marque à laquelle il associe son nom. Dans ce cadre, l’œuvre littéraire apparaîtrait comme indissociable de la strate des discours tenus à son sujet comme production technique[ref.] ». En d’autres termes, afin d’affirmer la littérarité de son travail d’écriture numérique, l’auteur aurait tout intérêt à s’associer explicitement à la célèbre marque à la pomme plutôt qu’à une autre enseigne de moindre prestige. Car « ce n’est pas tant “lire” qui compte que “lire sur iPhone”, ni tant “écrire” que “écrire sous Java”2 ». Devant un tel constat, sans doute aussi regrettable que problématique (comment évaluer, notamment, ce critère de notoriété? Quelle en serait la pérennité?), notre attention sera immédiatement attirée par une annonce originale... » [Introduction]

Keyphrases: Profils et identités numériques, Facebook, Éditorialisation, Imaginaire-réel, Welby, Victoria, Réseaux sociaux
Flesh, Foil, and Authenticity: Reflections on Johann AR Roduit’s “Flesh and Foil”

Le poème de Johann AR Roduit, «Flesh and Foil», soulève un certain nombre d’enjeux concernant l’amélioration humaine, notamment la nécessité de fonder ce processus d’amélioration sur des principes. La notion d’authenticité et l’éthique de la vertu peuvent satisfaire le besoin de guidance exprimé par ce poème. Johann AR Roduit’s poem, “Flesh and Foil,” raises a number of issues regarding enhancement, especially the need for principles to guide the process of human enhancement. The guidance that the poem seeks can be found in a combination of virtue ethics and authenticity.

Keyphrases: amélioration humaine, authenticité, éthique de la vertu, eudémonisme, amélioration biomédicale, human enhancement, biomedical enhancement, authenticity, virtue ethics, eudaimonia
The L&E of Intellectual Property – Do we get maximum innovation with the current regime?

Innovation is crucial to economic growth – the essential path for lifting much of the world population out of dire poverty and for maintaining the living standard of those who already have. To stimulate innovation, the legal system has to support the means through which innovators seek to get rewarded for their efforts. Amongst these means, some, such as the first mover advantage or 'lead time,' are not directly legal; but secrets and intellectual property rights are legal institutions supported for the specific purpose of stimulating innovation. Whilst the protection of secrets has not changed very much over recent years, intellectual property (or IP) has. IP borrows some features from ordinary property rights, but is also distinct, in that, unlike physical goods, information, the object of IP, is not inherently scarce; indeed as information and communication technologies expand, the creation and distribution of information is becoming ever cheaper and in many circumstances abundant, so that selection is of the essence ('on the internet, point of view is everything'). Where rights on information extend too far, their monopolising effect may hamper innovation.  The paper investigates the underlying structure of IP rights and surveys what we know empirically about the incentive effects of IP as about industries that flourish without formal IP.

Keyphrases: Intellectual property, Propriété intellectuelle, Innovation, Copyright, Droit d'auteur