NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Composition, mixage et matriçage en musique électroacoustique

Dans le cadre de ma maîtrise, et plus généralement dans ma pratique musicale, le mixage et le matriçage sont les deux techniques d’écriture qui ont principalement retenu mon attention pour la composition de pièces électroacoustiques. La composition de ces oeuvres a servi de canevas de travail pour faire une recherche pratique sur mon utilisation de ces deux techniques, recherche menée en parallèle à des activités de documentation sur leur implémentation en musique acousmatique. Celles-ci ont révélé qu’un nombre très restreint de compositeurs et de pédagogues se sont aventurés à traiter de ce sujet, nommément parce qu’il n’existe aucune vision prescrite ou de norme sur la mise en oeuvre de ces techniques en acousmatique. La plupart des sources d’information substantielles sur le sujet du mixage et du matriçage proviennent du monde de la production audio commerciale. Ce faisant, je me suis inspiré des moyens de production usités pour la création sonore en film et en musique populaire. En démontrant comment ces recherches ont influencé mon propre travail de composition électroacoustique, je souhaite pallier un manque d’information sur les sujets du mixage et du matriçage en acousmatique et offrir une perspective originale aux compositeurs qui s’intéressent à ces pratiques. Over the course of my Masters and in my musical practice at large, mixing and mastering have been the two most prominent compositional techniques featured in my electroacoustic pieces. Composing these electroacoustic pieces served as the framework for a practical research on my use of mixing and mastering, a project which also included documentational research on their implementation in acousmatic music. The research revealed that only a small number of composers and pedagogues had written about this topic, mostly because there is no prescribed vision or standard regarding the implementation of these techniques in acousmatic. Most of the substantial sources of information regarding mixing and mastering can be found in the realm of commercial audio production. Thus, I was inspired by the means of production used for the sound design in movies and pop music. By showing how this research has inspired my own electroacoustic compositions, I wish to fill an informational void on the subject of mixing and mastering in acousmatic music and to offer a fresh perspective to composers who are interested in these practices.

Keyphrases: composition, électroacoustique, acousmatique, mixage, matriçage, musique populaire, techniques d'écriture, composition, productions audio commerciales, electroacoustic, acousmatic, mixing, mastering, pop music, commercial audio production, composition techniques
Femmes et usage de la force en droit international : analyse thématique féministe des résolutions "Femmes Paix et Sécurité".

L’usage de la force en droit international a connu d’importantes évolutions au XXème siècle. Après la seconde guerre mondiale le droit à la guerre devient un droit d’exception et l’usage de la force est prohibé hors du cadre strict mis en place par le système des Nations Unies. Cependant l’époque récente voit ressurgir d’anciens concepts comme celui de « guerre juste » ou « d’intervention d’humanité ». Si la guerre n’est désormais plus acceptée dans ses formes anciennes, l’intervention et l’usage de la force armée demeurent des options dans le paysage international contemporain. Au cœur de la question de l’usage de la force se trouve  celle de sa justification. Les nouveaux concepts en la matière puisent pour beaucoup dans des justifications humanitaires. C’est dans cette lignée que la rhétorique de l’usage de la force pour contrer des situations enfreignant les droits des femmes s’inscrit. Nous nous intéressons donc ici à l’intersection de la question de l’usage de la force et des femmes, que les résolutions « Femmes Paix et Sécurité » représentent. Après avoir abordé l’évolution, les pratiques et concepts actuels de l’usage de la force, nous aborderons différentes positions féministes sur le sujet qui offrirons un cadre théorique à l’analyse qualitative thématique des résolutions « Femmes Paix et Sécurité ». The use of force in international law has greatly evolved since World War II. The use of force is now an exception, reduced within the strict framework established by the United Nations, and specifically under the control of the Security Council. And yet, the latest decades have witnessed old concepts coming back to life. Such as the « just war » and the « humanitarian intervention ». War no longer beeing acceptable means it has to be justified. The quore of those justifications are of humanitarian basis. It is in this context that the rethoric of the use of force to save women has developped. The Council’s «Women, Peace and Security » resolutions are found to be an interesting intersection for this subject. After presenting its historical context, the present regime on the use of force and its recent tensions will be highlighted. Concepts from different feminist school of thoughts will then be presented to provide a theorical framework for the analysis of the resolutions that will close this paper.

Keyphrases: Résolutions "Femmes Paix et Sécurité", Usage de la force, Femmes, Féminisme, Analyse thématique, Use of force, Women, Feminism, "Women Peace and Security" Resolutions, Thematic analysis
The Quebec newborn twin study at 21

This paper is a revised and updated edition of a previous description of the Quebec Newborn Twin Study (QNTS), an ongoing prospective longitudinal follow-up of a birth cohort of twins born between 1995 and 1998 in the greater Montreal area, Québec, Canada. The goal of QNTS is to document individual differences in the cognitive, behavioral, and social-emotional aspects of developmental health across childhood, their early genetic and environmental determinants, as well as their putative role in later social-emotional adjustment, school, health, and occupational outcomes. A total of 662 families of twins were initially assessed when the twins were aged 6 months. These twins and their family were then followed regularly. QNTS now has 16 waves of data collected or planned, including 5 in preschool. Over the last 24 years, a broad range of physiological, cognitive, behavioral, school, and health phenotypes were documented longitudinally through multi-informant and multimethod measurements. QNTS also entails extended and detailed multilevel assessments of proximal (e.g., parenting behaviors, peer relationships) and distal (e.g., family income) features of the child’s environment. QNTS children and a subset of their parents have been genotyped, allowing for the computation of a variety of polygenic scores. This detailed longitudinal information makes QNTS uniquely suited for the study of the role of the early years and gene–environment transactions in development.

Keyphrases: Longitudinal twin study, Gene–environment transactions, Infancy, Preschool, Social-emotional development, Peer relationships, Language, Numeracy, School readiness and achievement
Pathways of association between childhood irritability and adolescent suicidality

Objective Childhood irritability predicts suicidal ideation/attempt (suicidality), but it is unclear whether irritability is an independent and direct risk factor for suicidality or a marker of intermediate mental health symptoms associated with suicidality. This study aimed to identify developmental patterns of childhood irritability and to test whether childhood irritability is directly associated with suicidality or indirectly associated with intermediate mental health symptoms.  Method One thousand three hundred ninety-three participants from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development were followed from birth to 17 years. Teachers assessed irritability yearly (at 6–12 years) and children self-reported intermediate mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, disruptiveness, and hyperactivity-impulsivity; at 13 years) and suicidality (at 15 and 17 years).  Results Four irritability trajectories were identified: low (74.7%), rising (13.0%), declining (7.4%), and persistent (5.0%). Children following a rising irritability trajectory (versus a low trajectory) were at higher suicidality risk. A large proportion of this association was direct (odds ratio 2.11, 95% CI 1.30–3.43) and a small proportion was indirect by depressive symptoms (accounting for 23% of the association; odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI 1.03–1.34). Children on a persistent irritability trajectory (versus a low trajectory) were at higher risk of suicidality and this association was uniquely indirect by depressive symptoms (accounting for 73% of the association; odds ratio 1.51, 95% CI 1.16–1.97). The declining trajectory was not related to suicidality; no association with anxiety, disruptiveness, and hyperactivity-impulsivity was found.  Conclusion Rising irritability across childhood represents a direct risk for suicidality. Persistent irritability appears to be a distal marker of suicidality acting through more proximal depressive symptoms.

Keyphrases: Childhood irritability, Suicidal ideation, Suicide attempt, Pathways, Longitudinal
Impact of an early childhood intervention on the home environment, and subsequent effects on child cognitive and emotional development : a secondary analysis

The objective of this study was to use secondary data from the Preparing for Life (PFL) trial to test (1) the impact of a prenatal-to-age-five intervention targeting women from a disadvantaged Irish community on the quality of the home environment; (2) whether any identified changes in the home environment explain the positive effects of the PFL program on children’s cognitive and emotional development at school entry which have been identified in previous reports of the PFL trial (ES = .72 and .50, respectively). Pregnant women were randomized into a treatment (home visits, baby massage, and parenting program, n = 115) or control (n = 118) group (trial registration: ISRCTN04631728). The home environment was assessed at 6 months, 1½, and 3 years using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (responsiveness, acceptance, organization, learning material, involvement, variety). Cognitive skills were assessed at 5 years using the British Ability Scales. Emotional problems were teacher-reported at 5 years using the Short Early Development Inventory. Latent growth modeling was used to model changes in the home environment, and mediation analyses to test whether those changes explained children outcomes. Compared to controls, treatment children were exposed to more stimulating environments in terms of learning material (B = -1.62, p = 0.036) and environmental variety (B = -1.58, p = 0.009) at 6 months, but these differences faded at 3 years. Treatment families were also more likely to accept suboptimal child behaviors without using punishment (acceptance score, B = 1.49, p = 0.048) and were more organized at 3 years (B = 1.08, p = 0.033). None of the changes mediated children’s outcomes. In conclusion, we found that the program positively impacted different home environment dimensions, but these changes did not account for improvements in children’s outcomes. Exploratory analyses suggest that the impact of improvements in the home environment on child outcomes may be limited to specific groups of children. Limitations of the study include the potential lack of generalizability to other populations, the inability to assess the individual treatment components, and sample size restrictions which precluded a moderated mediation analysis.

Keyphrases: Emotions, Learning, Behavior, Children, Pregnancy, Parenting behavior, Child development, Schools
A phase 2 study of trametinib for patients with pediatric glioma or plexiform neurofibroma with refractory tumor and activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway

Background Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG) are the most frequent brain tumors in children. Up to 50% will be refractory to conventional chemotherapy. It is now known that the majority of PLGG have activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. The same pathway is also activated in plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) which are low-grade tumors involving peripheral nerves in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). These lesions are known to be refractory to chemotherapy. Specific MEK inhibitors such as trametinib are now available and have been approved for other cancers harboring mutations in the MAPK/ERK pathway such as melanoma. We have observed significant responses to trametinib in patients with refractory PLGG in our institutions and results from the phase I study are promising. The treatment appears not only efficacious but is also usually well tolerated. We hypothesize that we will observe responses in the majority of refractory PLGG and PN treated with trametinib in this phase 2 study.  Methods The primary objective is to determine the objective response rate of trametinib as a single agent for treatment of progressing/refractory tumors with MAPK/ERK pathway activation. The TRAM-01 study is a phase II multicentric open-label basket trial including four groups. Group 1 includes NF1 patients with progressing/refractory glioma. Group 2 includes NF1 patients with plexiform neurofibroma. Group 3 includes patients with progressing/refractory glioma with KIAA1549-BRAF fusion. Group 4 includes other patients with progressing/refractory glioma with activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway. Eligible patients for a given study group will receive daily oral trametinib at full dose for a total of 18 cycles of 28 days. A total of 150 patients will be enrolled in seven Canadian centers. Secondary objectives include the assessment of progression-free survival, overall survival, safety and tolerability of trametinib, serum levels of trametinib and evaluation of quality of life during treatment.  Discussion Trametinib will allow us to target directly and specifically the MAPK/ERK pathway. We expect to observe a significant response in most patients. Following our study, trametinib could be integrated into standard treatment of PLGG and PN.

Keyphrases: Trametinib, Glioma, Plexiform neurofibroma, Neurofibromatosis type 1, BRAF, MEK inhibitor
L'apport de la zoothérapie à la pratique du travail social : le point de vue de travailleurs sociaux

Le présent mémoire est une recherche qualitative exploratoire sur les bénéfices que peut apporter l’utilisation de la zoothérapie dans le cadre de la pratique du travail social. Tout d’abord, il y est présenté l’historique de la relation des humains aux animaux ainsi que la recension de différentes études qui ont exploré les bienfaits des animaux dans de multiples sphères de la vie humaine. Ensuite sont présentés le rôle et l’utilisation de l’animal dans une perspective de travail social. La chercheuse a réalisé des entrevues qualitatives avec des travailleurs sociaux qui intègrent, ou ont déjà intégré l’animal dans leur pratique en travail social. Grâce aux réponses récoltées ainsi qu’à travers les résultats mis en évidence par différentes études analysées, il est possible d’arriver à la conclusion que l’utilisation de l’animal dans une perspective de travail social s’avère bénéfique, et ce, sur plusieurs plans. L’animal intégré dans les interventions peut assister la personne aidée à atteindre plusieurs objectifs du travail social et contribuer grandement à la création et à l’établissement du lien thérapeutique entre l’intervenant et la personne, fondation capitale à toute relation d’aide. Enfin, l’emploi de l’animal dans différents types de programmes communautaires et gouvernementaux permettrait aux travailleurs sociaux d’améliorer de multiples aspects de leurs interventions, tant au niveau individuel que sociétal. This master thesis is a qualitative study on the advantage of including zootherapy in the social work practice. First, the history of the relationship between humans and animals is exposed, as well as the benefits of the animal on multiple levels in the lives of individuals. Following, the role and the use of the animal in a social work perspective is highlighted. The researcher did qualitative interviews with social workers who integrated or had integrated animals in their social work practice. It can be concluded that zootherapy may be useful on multiple levels to the social work practice results. The animal can assist the client in achieving various goals sought after by the social worker. Furthermore, the animal is helpful in creating and establishing the therapeutic link between the social worker and the client, a critical aspect of counseling. Lastly, a working animal can contribute to community and government programs, helping to improve multiple areas of the individual and societal levels.

Keyphrases: Travail social, Animal, Zoothérapie, Animal, Approche alternative, Social work, Zootherapy, Alternative approach
Représentations sociales de jeunes hommes pris en charge et hébergés jusqu'à la majorité dans le cadre de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse.

Ce projet de recherche avait pour but de faire la lumière sur les représentations sociales de jeunes hommes qui sont placés sous la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse jusqu’à l’atteinte de leur 18e anniversaire. Il met à jour les représentations quant aux services reçus en lien avec la préparation à la vie autonome une fois les services de protection prenant fin.   Dans un premier temps, nous allons brosser un portrait d’un jeune hébergé par la DPJ en découvrant un peu plus les facteurs ayant mené à son placement jusqu’à la majorité. Ensuite, nous tentons d’en découvrir davantage sur l’appréciation des services reçus et la dépréciation ou tout simplement les facteurs à améliorer pour aider davantage d’autres jeunes dans la même situation qu’eux. De cette façon, il nous sera possible d’émettre des hypothèses sur ce qui serait éventuellement à travailler dans les Centres jeunesse de la province pour répondre plus adéquatement aux besoins spécifiques à cette clientèle en vue de leur préparation à la vie autonome.   Le sujet a pu être exploré avec la participation de 10 jeunes âgés de 16 à 18 ans auprès de qui nous avons fait des entrevues semi-dirigées. This research project aims to shed light on the social representations of young men who are placed under the Youth Protection Act until their 18th birthday. Representations on services received in relation to preparation for independent living after the end of protective services.   At first, we will paint a portrait of the young persons by discovering a little more about the factors that led to an investment of the government until their majority. Then, we try to find out more about the appreciation of services received and the depreciation or simply the factors to improve to help more young people in the same situation as themselves. In this way, we will be able to make assumptions about what would eventually work in the province's Youth Centers to better respond to the needs that are specific to their situations.   The topic was explored with the participation of 10 young people between the ages of 16 and 18 with whom we conducted semi-directed interviews.

Keyphrases: Autonomie, Adulte, Hébergement, Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse, Représentations sociales, Autonomy, Adult, Housing, Majority, Youth protection act, Social representations
Synthèse, caractérisation et évaluation des performances de photosensibilisateurs à base de cuivre en synthèse organique

Ce mémoire décrit la synthèse de quinze photosensibilisateurs à base de cuivre pourvus de ligands organiques de type diimines et/ou diphosphines en vue de leur application en synthèse organique. Ces complexes ont été caractérisés par spectroscopie (RMN 1H, 13C et UV-Vis), spectrométrie de masse à haute résolution, fluorimétrie (d’absorption, d’émission et de déclin de phosphorescence) ainsi que par voltampérométrie cyclique. Leurs performances en synthèse organique en tant que photosensibilisateur ont finalement été testées à travers deux processus photocatalytiques différents : un transfert couplé d’électron et de proton ainsi qu’un transfert d’énergie. Les rendements et les propriétés photophysiques des composés ainsi obtenus, ont été rationalisés et comparés à une banque de données collectées pour des molécules similaires. The present thesis describes the synthesis of fifteen organocopper-based photosensitizers bearing organic diimine and/or diphosphine type ligands. The complexes have been characterized by spectroscopy (1H, 13C NMR and UV-Vis), high resolution mass spectrometry, fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. They also have been evaluated in two different photocatalytic processes including: a proton-coupled electron transfer and an energy transfer. Trends in yields and photophysical data have been examined and compared with other photosensitizers.

Keyphrases: synthèse, organométallique, photosensibilisateur, photophysique, Photocatalysis, synthesis, organometallic, photosensitizer, photophysics
Féminisme et afrofuturisme dans Pumzi de Wanari Kahiu et Metropolis de Janelle Monáe

Ce mémoire explore les liens intertextuels existants entre les féminismes noirs et les œuvres afrofuturistes Metropolis de Janelle Monáe et Pumzi de Wanari Kahiu. Une revue de la littérature a permis de montrer que des personnages incarnés par des femmes noires dans des rôles principaux sont peu présents dans le genre cinématographique de la science-fiction, mais qu’ils tiennent une place centrale dans l’afrofuturisme. Cette recherche s’interroge ainsi sur le manque de représentation des femmes noires dans la science-fiction et offre une étude de l’évolution du courant afrofuturiste, de ses modalités intermédiales, et des conséquences de sa récente popularisation. Cette recherche propose donc une analyse textuelle de Pumzi et de Metropolis et une exploration de l’interaction de ces deux objets culturels avec les courants féministes noirs en relation avec le principe de l’intertextualité. Il émerge de cette analyse une étude sur la récente marchandisation et édulcoration subséquente des motivations sociales radicales du courant afrofuturiste, entraînant un questionnement sur les possibilités d’une redéfinition. This thesis explores the intertextual links between black feminism and the afrofuturist works Metropolis by Janelle Monae and Pumzi by Wanari Kahiu. A literature review showed that characters played by black women in protagonist roles had a minimal presence in the cinematic genre of science fiction but that they had a central place in afrofuturism. This research interrogates black women lack of representation in science fiction and futurism and studies the evolution of the afrofuturist movement, its intermediality and the consequences of its recent popularization. This research proposes a textual analysis of Pumzi and Metropolis and an exploration of the interaction between those two cultural objects and black feminism movements in relation with the concept of intertextuality. Out of this investigation emerges a study of the recent commodification of the afrofuturist movement and the subsequent weakening of its radical and social motivations, leading to a questioning on the possibility of a redefinition.

Keyphrases: afrofuturisme, féminisme noir, intertextualité, femmes noires, afrofuturism, afrofuturism, black feminism, intertextuality, black women