NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Scoping review of adherence promotion theories in pelvic floor muscle training : 2011 ics state-of-the-science seminar research paper I of IV

Aims  This paper, the first of four emanating from the International Continence Society's 2011 State-of-the-Science Seminar on pelvic-floor-muscle training (PFMT) adherence, aimed to summarize the literature on theoretical models to promote PFMT adherence, as identified in the research, or suggested by the seminar's expert panel, and recommends future directions for clinical practice and research.   Methods  Existing literature on theories of health behavior were identified through a conventional subject search of electronic databases, reference-list checking, and input from the expert panel. A core eligibility criterion was that the study included a theoretical model to underpin adherence strategies used in an intervention to promote PFM training/exercise.   Results  A brief critique of 12 theoretical models/theories is provided and, were appropriate, their use in PFMT adherence strategies identified or examples of possible uses in future studies outlined.   Conclusion  A better theoretical-based understanding of interventions to promote PFMT adherence through changes in health behaviors is required. The results of this scoping review and expert opinions identified several promising models. Future research should explicitly map the theories behind interventions that are thought to improve adherence in various populations (e.g., perinatal women to prevent or lessen urinary incontinence). In addition, identified behavioral theories applied to PFMT require a process whereby their impact can be evaluated.

Keyphrases: pelvic floor exercise, pelvic floor muscle training, health behavior models, health theory models, adherence, concordance, compliance, adherence strategies
La vente en ligne de faux documents d’identité - Une recherche exploratoire

À l’heure actuelle, très peu d’informations sont connues par rapport à la vente de faux documents d’identité par Internet. Pourtant, plusieurs auteurs se sont penchés sur le phénomène des marchés illicites en ligne, qui est en pleine effervescence. La possession de faux documents d’identité étant considérée comme un crime au Canada et une menace à la sécurité de l’État, il est primordial de s’intéresser à cette problématique. Cette recherche vise donc à explorer la prévalence d’offre sur les sites pour les clients potentiels et à offrir une explication du trafic en ligne de faux documents selon l’angle des vendeurs et des traces qu’ils laissent derrière eux.   Dans cet objectif, 50 sites ont été recensés sur le Web visible afin d’analyser les produits et services offerts et leur infrastructure technique. Ces analyses ont permis de constater que le marché des faux documents d’identité en ligne est aisément accessible et que l’offre qu’on y retrouve est vaste et variée. Les informations techniques ont révélé une volonté des vendeurs de demeurer anonymes et une importante concentration géographique dans le choix de fournisseur d’accès Internet. Des liens possibles ont pu être établis entre 11 des sites recensés, soit au niveau des informations techniques ou du contenu des pages. At the present time, very little information is known concerning the sale of false identity documentation on the Internet, despite many authors having delved into the phenomenon of online illicit marketplaces, it being notably on the rise. The possession of false identity documents in Canada being considered both a crime and a threat to state security, it is of paramount importance that the issue be studied. This research thus aims to explore the prevalence of online supply for potential clients and to offer an explanation as to the online traffic of false documentation according to the angle of the sellers and the trail they leave behind.   With this objective in mind, a total of 50 surface Web addresses were identified in order to analyse the products and services provided as well as their overall technical infrastructure. This study allowed to observe that the online market for false identification documents proves to be easily accessible and that the supply found on the Web is both broad and varied. Technical information revealed the sellers’ strain to remain anonymous and a considerable geographic concentration in the choice of Internet service providers. Possible connections were established between 11 of the targeted websites, either in terms of technical information or page content.

Keyphrases: Document d'identité, Faux document, Marché illicite en ligne, Vente sur Internet, Identity document, Fake document, Online illicit marketplace, Internet sale
Feature-based tracking of urethral motion in low-resolution trans-perineal ultrasound

This paper describes a novel algorithm for tracking the motion of the urethra from trans-perineal ultrasound. Our work is based on the structure-from-motion paradigm and therefore handles well structures with ill-defined and partially missing boundaries. The proposed approach is particularly well-suited for video sequences of low resolution and variable levels of blurriness introduced by anatomical motion of variable speed. Our tracking method identifies feature points on a frame by frame basis using the SURF detector/descriptor. Inter-frame correspondence is achieved using nearest-neighbor matching in the feature space. The motion is estimated using a non-linear bi-quadratic model, which adequately describes the deformable motion of the urethra. Experimental results are promising and show that our algorithm performs well when compared to manual tracking.

Keyphrases: Feature extraction, Ultrasonic imaging, Tracking, Video sequences, Vectors, Transforms, Error analysis
Physical therapy for urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or low bone density : a randomized controlled trial

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 12 weekly physical therapy sessions for urinary incontinence (UI) compared with a control intervention, for reducing the number of UI episodes measured with the 7-day bladder diary, at 3 months and 1 year postrandomization.       Methods: A single parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted at one outpatient public health center, in postmenopausal women aged 55 years and over with osteoporosis or low bone density and UI. Women were randomized to physical therapy (PT) for UI or osteoporosis education. The primary outcome measure was number of leakage episodes on the 7-day bladder diary, assessed at baseline, after treatment and at 1 year. The secondary outcome measures included the pad test and disease-specific quality of life and self-efficacy questionnaires assessed at the same timepoints.       Results: Forty-eight women participated (24 per group). Two participants dropped out of each group and one participant was deceased before 3-month follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis was undertaken. At 3 months and 1 year, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of leakage episodes on the 7-day bladder diary (3 mo: P = 0.04; 1 y: P = 0.01) in favor of the PT group. The effect size was 0.34 at 1 year. There were no harms reported.       Conclusions: After a 12-week course of PT once per week for UI, PT group participants had a 75% reduction in weekly median number of leakage episodes, whereas the control group's condition had no improvement. At 1 year, the PT group participants maintained this improvement, whereas the control group's incontinence worsened.

Keyphrases: Aging women, Osteoporosis, Pelvic floor muscle training, Physical therapy, Urinary incontinence
Pelvic floor muscles training to reduce symptoms and signs of vulvovaginal atrophy : a case study

Objective: Vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), caused by decreased levels of estrogen, is a common problem in aging women. Main symptoms of VVA are vaginal dryness and dyspareunia. First-line treatment consists of the application of local estrogen therapy (ET) or vaginal moisturizer. In some cases however, symptoms and signs persist despite those interventions. This case study describes a 77-year-old woman with severe VVA symptoms despite use of local ET and the addition of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training to her treatment.  Methods: A patient with stress urinary incontinence and VVA was referred to a randomized clinical trial on PFM training. On pretreatment evaluation while on local ET, she showed VVA symptoms on the ICIQ Vaginal Symptoms questionnaire and the ICIQ-Female Sexual Matters associated with lower urinary tract Symptoms questionnaire, and also showed VVA signs during the physical and dynamometric evaluation of the PFM. She was treated with a 12-week PFM training program.  Results: The patient reported a reduction in vaginal dryness and dyspareunia symptoms, as well as a better quality of sexual life after 12 weeks of PFM training. On posttreatment physical evaluation, the PFMs' tone and elasticity were improved, although some other VVA signs remained unchanged.  Conclusions: Pelvic floor muscle training may improve some VVA symptoms and signs in women taking local ET. Further study is needed to investigate and confirm the present case findings and to explore mechanisms of action of this intervention for VVA.

Keyphrases: Aging women, Pelvic floor muscles, Physical therapy, Vaginal atrophy
Trajectoire de la réforme de l’inspection en Belgique francophone

L’article montre que la trajectoire de la réforme de l’inspection en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles (FWB) est loin d’être linéaire. Elle est marquée par des processus de reconversion institutionnelle d’institutions existantes, mais aussi de sédimentation et d’hybridation entre l’« ancien » et le « nouveau ». En effet, elle participe à la fois d’une politique de changement institutionnel ambitieuse et de construction du « système scolaire » dans un paysage au départ assez décentralisé et fragmenté ; mais, simultanément, elle est marquée par des « contraintes » institutionnelles existantes, des négociations et transactions entre différents acteurs politiques et scolaires qui déterminent les contours et les compétences du nouveau corps d’inspection en gestation après le décret de 2007 comme les rôles des inspecteurs et leur division du travail avec d’autres acteurs. De plus, dans la mise en œuvre du décret, les orientations normatives, cognitives et professionnelles des acteurs, la permanence de la diversité institutionnelle des réseaux comme la variance structurelle des territoires « modulent » et « tempèrent » l’ambition du changement institutionnel affiché par la politique de la FWB. Cela change mais pas complètement : il y a un processus de conversion partielle et « en tension » de l’institution qu’est l’inspection. This article shows that the FWB′s (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles) inspection reform trajectory is far from linear. It is affected by the institutional reconversion, layering and hybridization processes between the ″old″ and ″new″ existing institutions. It is involved in an ambitious policy for institutional change and the construction of an ″education system″ in a rather decentralised and fragmented landscape. It is also determined by existing institutional ″constraints″, negotiations and transactions between political actors which all shape the contours and competencies of the new inspection body following the 2007 decree. Moreover, throughout the decree′s implementation, the actors′ normative, cognitive and professional leanings, the remaining networks′ institutional diversity and the structural variation between territories ″regulate″ and ″limit″ the goal for institutional change highlighted in the FWB policy. There has been change but not complete change: there is a process of partial conversion which puts the school inspection under tension.

Keyphrases: inspection, gouvernance, politique en matière d’éducation, évaluation, réforme, inspection, evaluation, inspection, inspection, governance, education policy, reform
Memory for public events in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease : the importance of rehearsal

Ribot’s law refers to the better preservation of remote memories compared with recent ones that presumably characterizes retrograde amnesia. Even if Ribot-type temporal gradient has been extensively studied in retrograde amnesia, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), this pattern has not been consistently found. One explanation for these results may be that rehearsal frequency rather than remoteness accounts for the better preservation of these memories. Thus, the aim of present study was to address this question by studying retrograde semantic memory in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) (n = 20), mild AD (n = 20) and in healthy older controls (HC; n = 19). In order to evaluate the impact of repetition as well as the impact of remoteness, we used a test assessing memory for enduring and transient public events that occurred in the recent and remote past. Results show no clear temporal gradient across time periods (1960–1975; 1976–1990; 1991–2005; 2006–2011), but a better performance was observed in all three groups for enduring compared with transient events. Moreover, although deficits were globally found in both patients groups compared with HC, more specific analyses revealed that aMCI patients were only impaired on transient events while AD patients were impaired on both transient and enduring events. Exploratory analyses also revealed a tendency suggesting preservation of remote transient events in aMCI. These findings are discussed with regards to memory consolidation models.

Keyphrases: Alzheimer’s disease, enduring, famous public events, mild cognitive impairment, retrograde memory, semantic memory, transient
Alzheimer’s disease and memory strength : gradual decline of memory traces as a function of their strength

Objective : Episodic memory impairment is at the core of amnestic mild cognitive impair- ment (aMCI) and Alzheimer ’ s disease (AD). The origin of memory deficits may result either from an encoding deficit or from an accelerated decline of the memory trace. The present study explores these two hypotheses. Method : We used the delayed-matching-to sample 48 items (DMS-48) memory test in a group of controls, aMCI patients, and AD patients ( n = 16 in each group). The DMS-48 offers an incidental learning phase followed by three forced-choice recognition tests at three-minute, one-hour, and one-week delays. Moreover, the forced-choice test distinguishes three kinds of couple items: abstract (meaningless), paired (two similar exemplars), and unique (two different objects) items. Results : As predicted by the accelerated forgetting hypothesis, patients showed a decrease in recognition performance over time. Controls also exhibited a similar decline in performance. As predicted by the encoding deficit hypothesis, abstract items were the most poorly recognized in AD, at both the three-minute and the one-week delays. In AD, recognition of the paired items also dropped after the one-hour delay, followed by unique items after a one-week delay. Patients with aMCI exhibited a performance that was similar to controls, except for abstract items, which dropped at the one-week delay. Conclusions : These results are discussed in light of a third hypothesis, the memory strength hypothesis, in order to better account for the progressive decline in memory performance as a function of the item type in AD.

Keyphrases: Episodic memory, Alzheimer's disease, Amnestic mild cognitive impairment, Encoding deficit, Rapid forgetting, Memory strength
Impact of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilm mode of growth on the lipid A structures and stimulation of immune cells

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, forms biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. APP biofilms confers resistance to antibiotics. To our knowledge, no studies have examined the role of APP biofilm in immune evasion and infection persistence. This study was undertaken to (i) investigate biofilm-associated LPS modifications occurring during the switch to biofilm mode of growth; and (ii) characterize pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and proliferation in porcine PBMCs challenged with planktonic or biofilm APP cells. Extracted lipid A samples from biofilm and planktonic cultures were analyzed by HPLC high-resolution, accurate mass spectrometry. Biofilm cells displayed significant changes in lipid A profiles when compared with their planktonic counterparts. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the inflammatory response of PAMs exposed to UV-inactivated APP grown in biofilm or in suspension. Relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL1, IL6, IL8 and MCP1 decreased in PAMs when exposed to biofilm cells compared to planktonic cells. Additionally, the biofilm state reduced PBMCs proliferation. Taken together, APP biofilm cells show a weaker ability to stimulate innate immune cells, which could be due, in part, to lipid A structure modifications.

Keyphrases: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Biofilm, Cytokines, Innate immune cells, Lipid A, Macrophages
Diffusion des archives et travail de mémoire, le cas libanais

Durant la période s’écoulant entre les années 1975 et 1990, le Liban se déchire dans une guerre civile qui laissera le "Pays du Cèdre" brisé et en ruine. Dès la fin de cette dernière, plusieurs citoyens libanais, en passant du belligérant à l’artiste contemporain, se lancent dans un travail de mémoire afin de repenser les années de conflits. Cet engagement populaire est effectué en réponse au devoir d’amnésie prôné par le gouvernement du pays.  En se basant principalement sur la théorie relative au travail de mémoire et à la fonction archivistique de diffusion, mais en analysant également des cas concrets d’exploitation de documents, ce travail a pour objectif général de penser l’usage des archives dans le travail de commémoration libanaise d’après-guerre. Il montre de quelle manière la quête du souvenir lancée par une partie de la population du pays constitue une leçon et une invitation faites à l’ensemble des archivistes du pays appelés à participer à ce mouvement populaire. Le cas libanais devient alors un enseignement pour tous les professionnels dépositaires d’une partie de la mémoire collective du monde entier.

Keyphrases: Liban, Guerre civile libanaise, Archives, Archive, Travail de mémoire, Diffusion des archives, Art, The Atlas Group, Arab Image Foundation, Exploitation des archives, Centres d'archives de troisième lieu
Health and literacy: the Mini-Med School and the Literacy Foundation working together to reach native children

The Mini-Med School (MMS) aims to motivate Native children to stay in school, introduce them to the health professions and encourage them to have healthy living practices. As reading skills play a major role in student retention, the MMS, in collaboration with the Health Library and the Literacy Foundation, is taking actions to facilitate children’s access to books. The MMS is a University program where health sciences students visit Native communities’ schools. The Health Library participates in those visits, develops book collections with the school libraries and recruits LIS students for the MMS book booth. The Literacy Foundation’s The Gift of Reading program aims to prevent reading and writing difficulties by giving books to underprivileged children. The MMS and the Library are joining forces with the Foundation to give children a better access to books. The medical librarian will continue working with the schools to upgrade the donated collections according to data on book usage and appreciation. MMS book collections will also be provided to three additional Native schools. On the other hand, The Gift of Reading program will now reach many Native children at home in those communities, by allowing them to receive a brand new book.

Keyphrases: First Nations, School libraries, Premières Nations, Bibliothèques scolaires, Alphabétisation, Literacy
The Character as subjective interface

This paper re-frames virtual interactive characters as " subjective interfaces " with the purpose of highlighting original affordances for interactive story-telling through conversation. This notion is theoretically unpacked in the perspectives of narratology, interaction design and game design. Existing and imagined scenarios are presented in which subjective interfaces are elevated as core interaction mechanics. Finally, technical challenges posed by this approach are reviewed alongside relevant existing research leads.

Keyphrases: Video game design, Narratology, Interactive narrative, User interface, Conversational systems, Conversational agents, 3D virtual worlds, human-computer interaction, Conversational storytelling
The consumption of coffee and black tea and the risk of lung cancer

Purpose Coffee and black tea are among the most consumed beverages worldwide. While their potential role in lung cancer occurrence has been investigated in several studies, results have been inconclusive. We investigated the associations between intake of coffee and black tea with lung cancer in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Methods These analyses included 1,130 cases and 1,483 controls. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated between four metrics of coffee and black tea consumption (frequency, average daily amount, duration, and cumulative amount) and lung cancer, using unconditional logistic regression. Results The adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) for lung cancer comparing daily to never consumers were 0.73 (0.49-1.10) for coffee and 1.05 (0.85-1.31) for black tea. Analyses of other metrics did not reveal any clear patterns of increasing or decreasing risk with increasing amounts or duration of consumption. There was no strong evidence of OR modification by sex or smoking level. The OR estimates did not materially differ by histological subtype for either of the beverages. Conclusion Our results do not provide strong support for associations between consumption of coffee and black tea and lung cancer.

Keyphrases: Coffee, Tea, Lung neoplasms, Epidemiology, Case-control studies, Risk factors
The risk of lung cancer related to dietary intake of flavonoids

It has been hypothesized that flavonoids in foods and beverages may reduce cancer risk through antioxidation, inhibition of inflammation, and other antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties. We examined associations between intake of five flavonoid subclasses (anthocyanidins, flavan-3-ols, flavones, flavonols, flavanones) and lung cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada (1,061 cases and 1,425 controls). Flavonoid intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire that assessed diet two years prior to diagnosis (cases) or interview (controls). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Overall, total flavonoid intake was not associated with lung cancer risk, the effect being similar regardless of sex and smoking level. However, low flavonoid intake from food, but not from beverages, was associated with an increased risk. The adjusted ORs (95% CIs) comparing the highest versus the lowest quartiles of intake were 0.63 (0.47-0.85) for total flavonoids, 0.82 (0.61-1.11) for anthocyanidins, 0.67 (0.50-0.90) for flavan-3-ols, 0.68 (0.50-0.93) for flavones, 0.62 (0.45-0.84) for flavonols, and 0.70 (0.53-0.94) for flavanones. An inverse association with total flavone and flavanone intake was observed for squamous cell carcinoma but not adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, low flavonoid intake from food may increase lung cancer risk.

Keyphrases: Lung cancer, Flavonoids, Diet, Case-control study, Epidemiological
Les 1001 livres qu'il faut avoir lu dans sa vie

Compte rendu de l'ouvrage de référence « Les 1001 livres qu'il faut avoir lus dans sa vie » (Peter Boxall (éd.), Paris : Flammarion, 2007, 960 p. ISBN 9782082015622).

Keyphrases: Compte rendu, Ouvrage de référence, Anthologie littéraire