NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Travail, santé, environnement, 1946-2006, 60 ans de recherche et d'enseignement au DSEST

Cahier souvenir produit à l'occasion du gala organisé le 12 octobre 2016 dans le hall d'honneur du pavillon Roger-Gaudry de l'Université de Montréal à l'occasion du soixantième anniversaire de la création du Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail de l'École de santé publique.

Keyphrases: Histoire, ESPUM, DSEST
Clinical importance of thrombocytopenia in patients with acute coronary syndromes : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Thrombocytopenia (TP) is common in hospitalized patients. In the context of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), TP has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence on the clinical importance of pre-existing and in-hospital acquired TP in the context of ACS.  Specifically, we address (a) the prevalence and associated factors with TP in the context of ACS; and (b) the association between TP and all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major bleeding. We conducted systematic literature searches in MEDLINE and Web of Science. For the meta-analysis, we fit linear mixed models with a random study-specific intercept for the aggregate outcomes. A total of 16 studies and 190,915 patients were included in this study. Of these patients, 8.8% ± 1.2% presented with pre-existing TP while 5.8% ± 1.0% developed TP after hospital admission. Pre-existing TP was not statistically significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Acquired TP was associated with greater risk of all-cause mortality (risk difference (RD): 4.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2% - 6%; p=0.04), MACE (RD: 8.5%; 95% CI: 1% -16.0%; p=0.037) and major bleeding (RD: 11.9%; 95% CI: 5% - 19%; p=0.005). In conclusion, TP is a prevalent condition in patients admitted for an ACS and identifies a high-risk patient population more likely to experience ischemic and bleeding complications, as well as higher mortality.

Keyphrases: Acute coronary syndrome, Bleeding, Ischemia, Major adverse cardiac events, Mortality, Thrombocytopenia
Relationships between years of education, regional grey matter volumes, and working memoryrelated brain activity in healthy older adults

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between educational attainment, regional grey matter volume, and functional working memory-related brain activation in older adults. The final sample included 32 healthy older adults with 8 to 22 years of education. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure regional volume and functional MRI was used to measure activation associated with performing an n-back task. A positive correlation was found between years of education and cortical grey matter volume in the right medial and middle frontal gyri, in the middle and posterior cingulate gyri, and in the right inferior parietal lobule. The education by age interaction was significant for cortical grey matter volume in the left middle frontal gyrus and in the right medial cingulate gyrus. In this region, the volume loss related to age was larger in the low than high-education group. The education by age interaction was also significant for task-related activity in the left superior, middle and medial gyri due to the fact that activation increased with age in those with higher education. No correlation was found between regions that are structurally related with education and those that are functionally related with education and age. The data suggest a protective effect of education on cortical volume. Furthermore, the brain regions involved in the working memory network are getting more activated with age in those with higher educational attainment.

Keyphrases: Educational attainment, Working memory, N-back task, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Voxel-based morphometry, Aging
Bone healing response in cyclically loaded implants : comparing zero, one, and two loading sessions per day

When bone implants are loaded, they are inevitably subjected to displacement relative to bone. Such micromotion generates stress/strain states at the interface that can cause beneficial or detrimental sequels. The objective of this study is to better understand the mechanobiology of bone healing at the tissue-implant interface during repeated loading. Machined screw shaped Ti implants were placed in rat tibiae in a hole slightly bigger than the implant diameter. Implants were held stable by a specially-designed bone plate that permits controlled loading. Three loading regimens were applied, (a) zero loading, (b) one daily loading session of 60 cycles with an axial force of 1.5 N/cycle for 7 days, and (c) two such daily sessions with the same axial force also for 7 days. Finite element analysis was used to characterize the mechanobiological conditions produced by the loading sessions. After 7 days, the implants with surrounding interfacial tissue were harvested and processed for histological, histomorphometric and DNA microarray analyses. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that the group subjected to repeated loading sessions exhibited a significant decrease in bone-implant contact and increase in bone-implant distance, as compared to unloaded implants and those subjected to only one loading session. Gene expression profiles differed during osseointegration between all groups mainly with respect to inflammatory and unidentified gene categories. The results indicate that increasing the daily cyclic loading of implants induces deleterious changes in the bone healing response, most likely due to the accumulation of tissue damage and associated inflammatory reaction at the bone-implant interface.

Keyphrases: Bone, Implant, Loading, Micromotion, Histomorphometry, Gene expression
Seroprevalence of rubella antibodies and determinants of susceptibility to rubella in a cohort of pregnant women in Canada, 2008–2011

Long term control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome relies on high population-level immunity against rubella, particularly among women of childbearing age. In Canada, all pregnant women should be screened so that susceptible new mothers can be offered vaccination for rubella before discharge. This study was undertaken to estimate rubella susceptibility in a cohort of pregnant women in Canada and to identify associated socio-economic and demographic factors. Biobanked plasma samples were obtained from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study, in which pregnant women were recruited between 2008 and 2011. Socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric histories were collected. Second trimester plasma samples (n = 1,752) were tested for rubella-specific IgG using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentage of women with IgG titers <5 IU/mL, 5–10 IU/mL, and  10 IU/mL were 2.3%, 10.1%, and 87.6%, respectively. Rates of seronegativity, defined as <5 IU/mL, were 3.1% in women who had no previous live birth and 1.6% in women who had given birth previously. Among the latter group, seronegativity was higher in women with high school education or less (adjusted OR (aOR) 5.93, 95% CI 2.08–16.96) or with a college or trade school diploma (aOR 3.82, 95% CI 1.45–10.12), compared to university graduates, and those born outside Canada (aOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.07–6.31). In conclusion, a large majority of pregnant women were found to be immune to rubella. Further research is needed to understand inequalities in vaccine uptake or access, and more effort is needed to promote catch-up measles-mumps-rubella vaccination among socioeconomically disadvantaged and immigrant women of childbearing age.

Keyphrases: Rubella, Antibodies, Immunoglobulin G, Pregnancy, Postpartum vaccination, Canada
Seroconversion for cytomegalovirus infection in a cohort of pregnant women in Québec, 2010–2013

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection and non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss in children. There are no recent data on the incidence of CMV infection during pregnancy in Canada. This present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of CMV IgG antibodies and the rate of seroconversion in a cohort of pregnant women in the province of Québec, Canada. We used serum samples and questionnaire data collected as part of the 3D Pregnancy and Birth Cohort Study (2010–2013) conducted in Québec, Canada. CMV IgG antibodies were determined in serum samples collected at the first and third trimesters. Associations between independent variables and seroprevalence were assessed using logistic regression, and associations with seroconversions, by Poisson regression. Of 1938 pregnant women tested, 40·4% were seropositive for CMV at baseline. Previous CMV infection was associated with: working as a daycare educator, lower education, lower income, having had children, first language other than French or English, and being born outside Canada or the United States. Of the 1122 initially seronegative women, 24 (2·1%) seroconverted between their first and third trimesters. The seroconversion rate was 1·4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·9–2·1]/ 10 000 person-days at risk or 3·9 (95% CI 2·5–5·9)/100 pregnancies (assuming a 280-day gestation). The high proportion of pregnant women susceptible to CMV infection (nearly 60%) and the subsequent rate of seroconversion are of concern.

Keyphrases: Cytomegalovirus, Infectious disease epidemiology, Pregnancy, Prevention, Serology
Determinants of non-vaccination and incomplete vaccination in Canadian toddlers

Vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in Canada and sporadic outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles and pertussis continue to occur. This study was undertaken to identify sociodemographic determinants of total non-vaccination (having never received any vaccine), non-vaccination for measles (0 doses) and incomplete vaccination for pertussis (< 4 doses) among 2-year-old Canadian children. Data from the 2013 Childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (CNICS) were used. Associations between sociodemographic factors and outcomes were measured by multiple logistic regressions and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated. A total of 5,477 children were included in the analyses of total non-vaccination, and 3,899 children were included in the analysis of non-vaccination for measles and incomplete vaccination for pertussis. Overall, 2.7% of children (95% CI 2.0-3.3) had received no vaccine at all. Lower parental education, i.e., the responding parent having a high school diploma, trade certificate or less (compared with university graduation) was associated with total non-vaccination (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.02-3.91). Non-vaccination for measles was more frequent among children of single parent families (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.01-2.61) and those of parents with lower education (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.26-2.76). The odds of incomplete vaccination for pertussis was greater among children born outside Canada (aOR 3.10, 95% CI 1.73-5.58), of parents with lower education (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.41-2.62), and those whose household income was between $40,000 and $59,999 (aOR 1.47; 95% CI 1.04-2.07) or lower than $40,000 (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.13-2.22). Significant regional variation was also found for all outcomes. In conclusion, despite universal access to free childhood vaccines in Canada, regional variation and socioeconomic inequalities in vaccine uptake were still observed. Further analyses are warranted to identify barriers contributing to these variations.

Keyphrases: Canada, Infants, Measles, Pertussis, Vaccination
Caractérisation du statut en fer chez des chiennes en santé avant et après une intervention chirurgicale

Contexte: L’anémie d’inflammation est une condition fréquemment rencontrée en médecine vétérinaire et humaine. L’hepcidine est une protéine récemment découverte jouant un rôle prépondérant dans le métabolisme du fer et conséquemment l’anémie de condition inflammatoire. Objectif: Caractériser le statut en fer chez des chiennes en santé avant et après une chirurgie d’ovariohystérectomie (OVH). Méthode: Étude prospective. 29 chiennes en santé ont subi une chirurgie d’OVH. Avant et 14 à 18h après le début de la chirurgie, les tests suivants ont été réalisés sur du sang ou du sérum: hématologie, fer, ferritine, hepcidine, interleukine-6 (IL-6) ainsi que protéine C-réactive (CRP). Un ELISA canin pour l’IL-6 et un ELISA humain pour l’hepcidine ont été utilisés. Résultats: Les concentrations moyennes des leucocytes, des neutrophiles, de la CRP et de l’IL-6 étaient significativement plus élevées après la chirurgie (p < 0.0001). Une diminution marquée et significative du fer sérique (p < 0.0001) accompagnée d’une augmentation significative de l’hepcidine (p = 0.04) sans changement au niveau de la ferritine (p = 0.75) étaient également notés après la chirurgie. Conclusions: Les résultats indiquent qu’une chirurgie d’OVH est un modèle d’inflammation systémique ayant un impact sur le métabolisme du fer. Avec une validation complète chez le chien, l’hepcidine sérique pourrait devenir un élément clé dans la caractérisation des déficiences fonctionnelles en fer et de l’anémie d’inflammation chez ces sujets. Background: Anemia of inflammation is a frequent condition in veterinary and human medicine. Hepcidin, a recently discovered protein, is a key player in iron metabolism and consequently in anemia of inflammation. Objective: To characterize the iron status in healthy female dogs before and after an ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Methods: Prospective study. 29 healthy female dogs had an OVH surgery. Before and 14-18 hours after the beginning of the surgery, the following tests were performed on blood or serum: complete blood count, iron, ferritin, hepcidine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). IL-6 and hepcidine were measured with a canine and human ELISA, respectively. Results: Mean leukocytes, neutrophils, CRP and IL-6 concentration were significantly higher following the surgery (p < 0.0001). A marked and significant decrease in serum iron (p < 0.0001) accompanied by a significant increase in hepcidin (p = 0.04) without changes in ferritin concentration (p = 0.75) following the surgery were also observed. Conclusion: The results indicate that OVH surgery is a model of systemic inflammation and that it has an impact on iron homeostasis. With further validation in dogs, a serum hepcidin assay may become a key tool in characterizing functional iron deficiency and anemia of inflammation in this species.

Keyphrases: Hepcidine, Fer, Anémie, Inflammation, Ovariohystérectomie, Chien, Protéine C-Réactive, Interleukine-6, Hepcidin, Hepcidine, Fer, Inflammation, Hepcidin, Iron, Anemia, Ovariohysterectomy, Dog, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6
Étude de l’effet des sucres dérivés du mucus et du régulateur NagC sur la formation de biofilm d’E. coli de différents pathotypes incluant les E. coli adhérentes et invasives (AIEC)

La couche de mucus intestinal est une barrière physique qui limite le contact entre les bactéries et les cellules épithéliales de l’hôte. De plus en plus d’études suggèrent que des métabolites produits par le microbiote peuvent être perçus de manière spécifique par des pathogènes. Cela aurait pour conséquence de moduler l’expression de leurs gènes de virulence. Plusieurs E. coli, commensaux ou pathogènes, sont capables de former des biofilms. Cette propriété favorise leur colonisation et leur résistance aux mécanismes immunitaires de l’hôte. Nous démontrons que le N-acétyl-glucosamine (NAG) et l’acide sialique peuvent réduire la formation de biofilm de différentes souches. L’inactivation de la protéine régulatrice NagC, par ajout du NAG ou par mutation, réduit la formation de biofilm de la souche adhérente et invasive LF82 en condition statique. NagC serait donc un activateur de la formation de biofilm. De plus, le suivi en temps réel de la formation de biofilm LF82 en utilisant un système microfluidique a démontré que la mutation de nagC altère une étape précoce de la formation de biofilm chez cette souche. The mucous layer is a physical barrier that limits the contact between bacteria and host epithelial cells. There is growing evidence that microbiota-produced metabolites can also be specifically sensed by pathogens as signals to induce or repress virulence genes. Many commensal and pathogenic E. coli are able to form biofilm. This property can promote their colonization and resistance to immune mechanism. We show that the mucin sugars N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) and sialic acid can reduce biofilm formation of E. coli strains. We demonstrated that the inactivation of the regulatory protein NagC, by addition of NAG or by mutation, reduced the biofilm formation of adherent and invasive strain LF82 in static condition. Thus, NagC could be an activator of biofilm formation. Interestingly, the real-time monitoring of biofilm formation of LF82 Biofilm using microfluidic system showed that the mutation of nagC impairs the early process of biofilm promotion of LF82.

Keyphrases: Biofilms, Biofilms intestinaux, Mucus, N-acétyl-glucosamine, Escherichia coli, AIEC, Mucine, Intestinal biofilms, Mucins
Tensions living out professional values for physical therapists treating injured workers

Health care services provided by workers’ compensation systems aim to facilitate recovery for injured workers. However, some features of these systems pose barriers to high quality care and challenge health care professionals in their everyday work. We used interpretive description methodology to explore ethical tensions experienced by physical therapists caring for patients with musculoskeletal injuries compensated by Workers’ Compensation Boards. We conducted in-depth interviews with 40 physical therapists and leaders in the physical therapy and workers’ compensation fields from three Canadian provinces and analyzed transcripts using concurrent and constant comparative techniques. Through our analysis, we developed inductive themes reflecting significant challenges experienced by participants in upholding three core professional values: equity, competence, and autonomy. These challenges illustrate multiple facets of physical therapists’ struggles to uphold moral commitments and preserve their sense of professional integrity while providing care to injured workers within a complex health service system.

Keyphrases: Physical therapy, Ethics, Occupational health, Quality of care, Professional, Lived experience, Canada, Qualitative, Interpretive description, In-depth interviews
Biomimetic bottle-brush polymer coatings for fabrication of ultra-low fouling surfaces

The increasing demand for long lasting antifouling surfaces has steered the development of accessible, novel, biocompatible and environmentally-friendly materials. Inspired by lubricin (LUB), a component of mammalian synovial fluid with excellent antifouling properties, we designed three block polymers with bottle-brush structures and outstanding stability, efficacy, and ease of use. By a simple drop casting or online exposure, the polymers strongly adsorbed on silica surfaces in less than 10 min and were found to be stable in extremely high-salinity solutions and under an unprecedented wide range of pH. The polymers antifouling properties against proteins and bacteria were evaluated using different techniques, demonstrating ultralow fouling properties. With serum albumin and lysozyme adsorption < 0.2 ng/cm2, the polymers were found to be 50 and 25 times more effective than LUB and the known ultralow fouling coatings. The antifouling properties were also successfully tested under MPa compression pressures by direct force measurements using the surface forces apparatus (SFA). The findings of this study suggest that these polymers are amongst the most robust and efficient antifouling agents known today.

Keyphrases: Lubricin, Bioinspired polymers, Antifouling coatings, Bottle brush polymers
Ludifier l’apprentissage des compétences informationnelles selon les fondements du nouveau Référentiel de l'ACRL

Présentation de 6 activités d'apprentissage aux compétences informationnelles dont le contenu, le déroulement et l'animation ont été ludifiés. En incorporant des éléments du jeu, l'objectif est d'accroître l'engagement de l'apprenant : programme et parcours d'appentissage personnel, classe inversée massive, jeu de rôle de classe sur la publication scientifique, devenir wikipédien.ne, bloguer sur sa recherche et évaluer ses sources.

Keyphrases: Compétences informationnelles, Ludification, Référentiel de l'ACRL, Feuille de personnage du chercheur, Publions & Périssons, Wikipédibus, Incubablog, Foutaisomètre
Jeu de rôle et formation aux compétences informationnelles : de la ludification à la jeuderôlisation = Role-playing games & information literacy learning activities : from gamification to roleplayification

Quelle est la place du jeu de rôle sur table dans la recherche ? Plus généralement, quelles sont les données probantes sur le jeu de rôle et l'éducation ? Pourquoi utiliser le jeu de rôle comme cadre pour améliorer l'engagement des étudiants ? Présentation de trois activités ludifiées selon des éléments du jeu de rôle (jeuderôlisation) : feuille de personnage du jeune chercheur, vérification de l'apprentissage en atelier avec le jeu Publions & Périssons, utilisation de quêtes secondaires pour autonomiser les étudiants dans la poursuite de leurs apprentissages. Discussion sur les principes de la ludification et de la jeuderôlisation. Discussion du lien entre jeu de rôle et l'auto-apprentissage.

Keyphrases: Compétences informationnelles, Ludification, Feuille de personnage du chercheur, Jeuderôlisation, Information literacy, Gamification, Scholarly character sheet, Roleplayification, Jeu de rôle sur table, Tabletop role-playing game
Manifeste en faveur d'une réforme globale du droit de la famille : prise de position publique d'ex-ministres québécois

Manifeste signé par d’ex-ministres de la Justice et de la Famille du Québec à l’appui d’une réforme globale du droit de la famille québécois.

Keyphrases: Droit de la famille, Réforme, Famille, Enfant, Couple, Mariage, Union de fait, Filiation, Parenté, Changements sociaux, Action citoyenne, Action politique, Manifeste