NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
The philosopher-artist : a note on Lyotard's reading of Kant

Prenant appui sur Le Différend et sur d’autres textes de Lyotard, j’entends faire voir ce que ce dernier doit à Kant pour sa propre conception de la philosophie comme « critique ». Si Kant considère la critique et la doctrine comme étant deux étapes successives dans le discours philosophique, la philosophie de Lyotard ne vise pas, quant à elle, à établir une doctrine. C’est dire que Lyotard trouve son modèle de philosophie dans la Critique de la faculté de juger qui, contrairement aux deux autres Critiques, ne débouche pas sur une doctrine. En d’autres mots, Lyotard retient du kantisme le paradigme esthétique. Dans sa philosophie, aucune règle ni concept ne sont donnés à l’avance. Le philosophe se doit d’« inventer » la règle et en ceci il procède comme l’artiste. On se souvient de la définition kantienne du génie : ce talent (don naturel) qui donne sa règle à l’art. Analysing The Differend and other works of Lyotard, I intend to show what he owes to Kant for his own conception of philosophy as “critique.” If Kant sees in critique and doctrine two successive steps in the philosophical discourse, Lyotard’s philosophy does not aim at establishing any doctrine. This means that his model for philosophy is the Critique of Judgment, which as opposed to the first two Critiques does not open up on a doctrine. In other words, Lyotard takes advantage the aesthetic paradigm in Kant’s criticism. For his philosophy, no rule nor concept is given in advance. The philosopher has to “invent” the rule and in this he or she operates like the artist, especially when we remember the Kantian definition of genius the talent (natural gift) that gives art its rule.

Keyphrases: Lyotard, Kant, Philosophie, Différend, Critique, Esthétique, Art, Lyotard, Kant, Critique, Art, Philosophy, Differend, Aesthetics
Le dispositif Optique : matérialité : expérimentation et perception

Premier exercice de l’atelier d’architecture 4 (ARC2012), hiver 2021, École d’architecture, Faculté de l’aménagement, Université de Montréal.

Keyphrases: Exploration architecturale, Matérialité, Dispositif optique
Lower-limb coordination and variability during gait : the effects of age and walking surface

Background Falls among community-dwelling older adults are often triggered by uneven walkways. Joint coordination and its variability change with age and may place older adults at risk of falling. It is unclear how irregular surfaces impact lower-limb joint coordination and if such changes are exacerbated by aging.  Research question To what extent do lower-limb inter-joint coordination and its variability, over flat and uneven brick walkways, differ between older and young healthy adults?  Methods A motion-capture system collected kinematic data from walking trials on flat and uneven walkways in seventeen older (72.0 ± 4.2 years) and eighteen younger (27.0 ± 4.7 years) healthy adults. Continuous relative phase analyses were performed for the Knee-Hip and Ankle-Knee joint pairs. Mean Absolute Relative Phase (MARP) quantified coordination amplitude. Deviation Phase (DP) quantified coordinative variability. Two-way mixed ANOVA’s tested for effects of age, surface, and age × surface interactions.  Results Uneven surfaces prompted more in-phase MARP inter-joint coordination in adults during most gait phases (p ≤ 0.024). Age × surface interactions were observed during initial contact (Ankle-Knee: p = 0.021, Knee-Hip: p = 0.001) and loading response (Knee-Hip: p = 0.017), with post-hoc analyses showing coordination accentuated in older adults. Uneven surfaces induced higher DP in Knee-Hip (p = 0.017) and Ankle-Knee joint coupling (p < 0.001) during gait, largely independent of age. An age × surface interaction was observed during mid-swing (p = 0.050), with post-hoc analysis revealing increased variability in older adults.  Significance More in-phase and variable lower-limb gait behavior was observed on uneven walkways. These differences were accentuated in older adults during early stance phase (more tightly coordinated) and mid-swing (more variable). This may reflect a cautious gait strategy on challenging walkways to maintain stability and help prevent falls.

Keyphrases: Continuous relative phase, Falls, Elderly, Irregular surfaces
Les motifs du choix de l'instruction en famille en Suisse romande : document-synthèse à l’intention des participants

Ce document-synthèse présente un premier portrait des familles romandes instruisant en famille. Les parents ont participé à une enquête réalisée entre le 22 mai et le 22 juin 2018, en Suisse romande. Le questionnaire visait à documenter les raisons de leur choix ainsi qu’à recueillir des informations sur l’expérience éducative et les caractéristiques sociodémographiques de ces familles. Ce travail comble un vide puisqu’à ce jour, aucune étude scientifique ni enquête gouvernementale n’a été effectuée sur cette population en Suisse romande.

Keyphrases: Apprentissage en famille, École à la maison
De Max Weber à Heidegger : l'historiographie comme liquidation méthodique de l'histoire

Il peut paraître audacieux d’effectuer un rapprochement entre deux intellectuels aussi différents que Max Weber et Martin Heidegger, et ce même à propos de cette préoccupation commune qu’ils ont pour l’histoire. Weber aborde en vérité la question du point de vue de la méthodologie des sciences humaines, refusant de s’aventurer sur le terrain de la philosophie, alors que Heidegger traite de l’historialité dans le cadre d’une ontologie phénoménologique gravitant autour de la question de l’être. Mais c’est l’accent qu’ils mettent tous deux sur le concept de « possibilité » en histoire qui autorise le rapprochement, comme nous allons le voir. It may seem odd at first glance to bring together Max Weber and Martin Heidegger, two intellectuals so different from one another even they share a common concern for history. In fact Weber deals with history merely from the standpoint of the methodology of the human sciences, renouncing to venture in the field of philosophy, whereas Heidegger develops his concept of historicality within a phenomenological ontology centered around the question of being. However the fact that they both insist on the importance for history of the concept of “possibility” clearly justifies, as we will see, the comparison.

Keyphrases: Histoire, Possibilité, Avenir, Futur passé, Weber, Max, Heidegger, Martin, History, Possibility, Future past
Mapping metal (Hg, As, Se), lipid and protein levels within fish muscular system in two fish species (Striped Bass and Northern Pike)

Current guidelines tend to limitfish consumption based on mercury (Hg) or monomethylmercury(MeHg) content infishflesh, without considering the presence of antagonist chemical elements thatcould modulate Hg toxicity. However, it is difficult to assess the potential for antagonistic interactions ofthese elements since their covariation within muscle tissues is poorly known. Here we present thefirststudy simultaneously mapping multiple metal(oid)s (Hg, As and Se), lipids and proteins infishfillets inorder to assess the magnitude of intra-organ variability of metals and the potential for antagonisticinteractions. We mapped twofish species (Striped Bass and Northern Pike) with contrasting muscularstructure with respect to the presence of white, intermediate and red muscles. In individual Striped Bassmuscle tissues, metals varied on average by 2.2-fold. Methylmercury and selenium covaried strongly andwere related to protein content as assessed by % N; arsenic was inversely related to these elements andwas associated with the lipid fraction of the muscle. In Pike, no such relationship was found because thecontents in proteins and lipids were less variable. Arsenic speciation revealed that arsenobetaine andarsenolipids were the only As species in thosefish species, whereas the toxic inorganic As species (As3þ)was under the detection limit. Arsenobetaine was related to % N, whereas arsenolipids covaried with %lipids. Elemental associations found with muscle lipids and proteins could help explain changes inbioaccumulation patterns within and between individuals with potential implications onfish toxicology,biomonitoring and human consumption guidelines.

Keyphrases: Methylmercury, Metalloids, Protein, Lipid, Muscle type, Fish
Start small : how nanomedicine could alleviate the burden of rare CNS Diseases

The complexity and organization of the central nervous system (CNS) is widely modulated by the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), which both act as biochemical, dynamic obstacles impeding any type of undesirable exogenous exchanges. The disruption of these barriers is usually associated with the development of neuropathologies which can be the consequence of genetic disorders, local antigenic invasions, or autoimmune diseases. These disorders can take the shape of rare CNS-related diseases (other than Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s) which a exhibit relatively low or moderate prevalence and could be part of a potential line of treatments from current nanotargeted therapies. Indeed, one of the most promising therapeutical alternatives in that field comes from the development of nanotechnologies which can be divided between drug delivery systems and diagnostic tools. Unfortunately, the number of studies dedicated to treating these rare diseases using nanotherapeutics is limited, which is mostly due to a lack of interest from industrial pharmaceutical companies. In the present review, we will provide an overview of some of these rare CNS diseases, discuss the physiopathology of these disorders, shed light on how nanotherapies could be of interest as a credible line of treatment, and finally address the major issues which can hinder the development of efficient therapies in that area.

Keyphrases: CNS disorders, Rare pathologies, Orphan diseases, Nanotechnologies, Nanomedicine, Drug delivery systems
Entre la philosophie et la science : le reconstructionnisme hermeneutique de J. Habermas

Cet article traite du déplacement théorique opéré par Habermas entre Connaissance et intérêt (1968) et la Théorie de l’agir communicationnel (1981). Connaissance et intérêt présentait un double volet théorique correspondant au couple « théorie traditionnelle et théorie critique » : 1- une description des intérêts de connaissance conçus comme invariants anthropologiques (les intérêts technique et pratique), et 2- une reprise du concept de « critique » propre à l’École de Francfort selon lequel la théorie est autoréférentielle au sens où elle doit être strictement contextualisée et viser la mise au jour de déterminations inaperçues. Ici, l’intérêt est émancipatoire et la psychanalyse en est une illustration. Connaissance et intérêt procédait donc à une répartition asymétrique des intérêts de connaissance en vertu de ces deux approches théoriques distinctes. Or, le passage à la théorie de l’agir communicationnel maintiendra ces deux approches, de façon renouvelée toutefois, conformément aux deux fonctions contenues dans la nouvelle définition du rôle de la philosophie : 1- « Platzhalter » et 2- « Interpret ». This paper deals with the theoretical reframing that takes place between Knowledge and Human Interest (1968) and the Theory of Communicative Action (1981). In Knowledge and Human Interest two theoretical approaches corresponding to the pair “traditional theory and critical theory” overlapped: 1- a description of the knowledge interests conceived as anthropological invariants (the technical and the practical interests), and 2- the taking up of the concept of “critique” proper to the Frankfurt School according to which theory is self-referential since it is strictly contextualized and aims at the discovery of unnoticed determinations. The interest in this case is emancipatory and psychoanalysis can serve as an example for it. As we can see, the distribution of the knowledge interests in 1968 was asymmetrical because of these two distinct theoretical approaches. Yet the transition to the theory of communicative action will maintain the two approaches, in a renewed manner however, in accordance with the two functions delineated in the new definition of the role of philosophy: 1- “Platzhalter” and 2- “Interpret.”

Keyphrases: Habermas, Philosophie, Théorie traditionnelle, Théorie critique, Intérêts de connaissance, Agir communicationnel
Assessing and addressing sexual concerns in individuals diagnosed with coronary artery disease

Background/Aims Sexual concerns are frequently reported in people diagnosed with coronary artery disease. These concerns may be related to disorders in one or more phases of the sexual response cycle (i.e. desire, arousal and orgasm). Sexual concerns have been linked to anxiety, depressive symptoms and feelings of despair. As such, nurses should have an understanding of the aetiology of sexual concerns in this population and use appropriate assessment and support strategies.  Methods This clinical article discusses several key aspects of evidence-based practice to assess and address sexual concerns in people diagnosed with coronary artery disease.  Findings Early assessment of biological, psychological and pharmacological causes of sexual concerns should be carried out. Sexual counselling may be offered to meet specific information needs. Adding pharmacological agents and referring to a sex therapist can be considered to effectively address the sexual concerns of people within this population.  Conclusions Approaches to sexual assessment, main information needs of patients with coronary artery disease regarding their sexual health, and support strategies are presented.

Keyphrases: Cardiac disease, Gender differences, Sexual behaviour, Counselling, Sex therapy
Acceptability and feasibility of recruitment
and data collection in a field study of
hospital nurses’ handoffs using mobile
devices

Background The portability and multiple functionalities of mobile devices make them well suited for collecting field data for naturalistic research, which is often beset with complexities in recruitment and logistics. This paper describes the implementation of a research protocol using mobile devices to study nurses’ exchanges of patient information at change of shift.  Methods Nurses from three medical and surgical units of an acute care teaching hospital in Montreal, Canada, were invited to participate. On 10 selected days, participants were asked to record their handoffs using mobile devices and to complete paper questionnaires regarding these exchanges. Nurse acceptance of mobile devices was assessed using a 30-item technology acceptance questionnaire and focus group interviews. The principal feasibility indicator was whether or not 80 complete handoffs could be collected on each unit.  Results From October to December 2017, 63 of 108 eligible nurses completed the study. Results suggest that the use of mobile devices was acceptable to nurses, who felt that the devices were easy to use but did not improve their job performance. The principal feasibility criterion was met, with complete data collected for 176, 84, and 170 of the eligible handoffs on each unit (81% of eligible handoffs). The research protocol was acceptable to nurses, who felt the study’s demands did not interfere with their clinical work.  Conclusions The research protocol involving mobile devices was feasible and acceptable to nurses. Nurses felt the research protocol, including the use of mobile devices, required minimal investment of time and effort. This suggests that their decision to participate in research involving mobile devices was based on their perception that the study protocol and the use of the device would not be demanding. Further work is needed to determine if studies involving more sophisticated and possibly more demanding technology would be equally feasible and acceptable to nurses.

Keyphrases: Mobile devices, Handoff, Nursing, Acceptability, Feasibility, Research procedure, Recruitment
Debriefing approaches for high-fidelity simulations and outcomes related to clinical judgment in baccalaureate nursing students

Simulation followed by debriefing is increasingly common in clinical nursing education. Yet, limited studies have compared approaches to debriefing—the portion of simulations where participants re-examine and make sense of their experience. In this study, 120 baccalaureate nursing students in Quebec were randomized to receive one of two types of debriefing (selfassessment with Plus-Delta vs. guided reflection using a structured tool with REsPoND) after each of four simulations (a hemorrhage scenario, two sepsis scenarios, and a trauma simulation) during which their situation awareness was measured as a proxy for their clinical judgment. Unexpectedly, situation awareness scores showed little to no consistency across students or simulations and no clear improvements over time were noted, which rendered the comparison of the debriefing approaches across scenarios problematic. However, when comparing the two iterations of the sepsis scenario, students who participated in a reflective debriefing showed greater improvement in their recognition of abnormalities in patient vital signs and level of consciousness than students whose debriefing involved self-assessment.

Keyphrases: Debriefing, Reflection, Patient deterioration, Clinical judgment, Situation awareness, Simulation
Wikidata pour la recherche

Fonctionnement de Wikidata et de sa gestion centralisée de métadonnées liées à de multiples bases de données. Exemples d'utilisation de Wikidata pour explorer et soutenir un projet de recherche, pour les identifiants pérennes de chercheur et pour la facilitation de la gestion de données de recherche. Discussion sur la robustesse de Wikidata (technique, gouvernance, sociale).

Keyphrases: Wikidata, Ontologie, SPARQL, Identifiant pérenne, Gestion des données de recherche
Archivistique et numérique. Notes de recherche 3

En lien avec le dernier objectif du projet "De la diffusion à l’exploitation", c’est-à-dire "mieux comprendre l’archivistique en contexte numérique", le troisième volet des Notes de recherche vise à analyser le discours sur la question du numérique depuis le début des années 2000. À cette fin, une banque de plus de 1000 citations provenant de quatre périodiques en archivistique (Archives, Archivaria, La Gazette des archives et Archival Science) a été créée et incluse dans les Notes. Privilégiant, comme dans le volet précédent, une approche collaborative, la professeure Anne Klein et les étudiants au doctorat Annaëlle Winand, Simon Côté-Lapointe et William Yoakim étaient à même d’intervenir dans les propos de différentes façons. Pour faire également suite aux travaux menés lors des Notes de recherche 2, des photographies ont été intégrées au contenu dans le but de réfléchir à l’exploitation des archives. Sauf une exception, elles proviennent de BAnQ numérique.

Keyphrases: Archivage, Archive, Archives, Archiviste, Archivistique, Banque de citations sur le numérique, Copie, Document, Donnée, Électronique, En ligne, Environnement, Gestion, Informatique, Internet, Médias sociaux, Mutation, Numérisation, Paradigme, Réseaux, Révolution, Technologies de l’information, Virtuel, Web, Archival studies, Archiving, Archivist, Collection, Computer, Data, Digital, Quotes, Digitization, Electronic, Environment, Information technology, Management, Networks, Online, Paradigm, Records, Revolution, Social media, Surrogate, Virtual
Communicating science in the digital and social media ecosystem : scoping review and typology of strategies used by
health scientists

Background: The public's understanding of science can be influential in a wide range of areas related to public health, including policy making and self-care. Through the digital and social media ecosystem, health scientists play a growing role in public science communication (SC).  Objective: This review aimed to (1) synthesize the literature on SC initiated by health scientists targeting the public in the digital and social media ecosystem and (2) describe the SC strategies and communication channels used.  Methods: This scoping review was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodological Framework. A systematic search was performed in 6 databases (January 2000 to April 2018). Title and abstract screening, full-text review, data charting, and critical appraisal were performed independently by two review authors. Data regarding included studies and communication channels were synthesized descriptively. A typology of SC strategies was developed using a qualitative and inductive method of data synthesis.  Results: Among 960 unique publications identified, 18 met inclusion criteria. A third of publications scored good quality (6/18, 33%), half scored moderate quality (9/18, 50%), and less than a fifth scored low quality (3/18, 16%). Overall, 75 SC strategies used by health scientists were identified. These were grouped into 9 types: content, credibility, engagement, intention, linguistics, planification, presentation, social exchange, and statistics. A total of 5 types of communication channels were identified: social networking platforms (eg, Twitter), content-sharing platforms (eg, YouTube), digital research communities (eg, ResearchGate), personal blogs and websites (eg, WordPress), and social news aggregation and discussion platforms (eg, Reddit).  Conclusions: Evidence suggests that multiple types of SC strategies and communication channels are used by health scientists concurrently. Few empirical studies have been conducted on SC by health scientists in the digital and social media ecosystem. Future studies should examine the appropriateness and effectiveness of SC strategies for improving public health-related outcomes and identify the barriers, facilitators, and ethical considerations inherent to the involvement of health scientists in the digital and social media ecosystem.

Keyphrases: Health communication, Internet, Patient participation, Public health, Social media
Highly active, entirely biobased antimicrobial Pickering emulsions

We present the development of surfactant‐free, silica‐free and fully biobased oil‐in‐water antimicrobial Pickering emulsions, based on the self‐assembly of b ‐cyclodextrin and phytoantimicrobial oils (terpinen‐4‐ol or carvacrol). Undecylenic acid (UA), derived from castor oil, can be used as bio‐based drug to treat fungal infection, but is less effective than petroleum‐based drugs as azole derivatives. To maximize its antifungal potential, we have incorporated UA in fully biobased Pickering emulsions. These emulsions are effective against fungi, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The carvacrol emulsion charged with UA is +390 % and +165 % more potent against methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), compared to UA and azole‐based commercial formulations. Moreover, this emulsion is up to +480 % more efficient that UA ointment against C. albicans . Finally, remarkable eradication of E. coli and MRSA biofilms was obtained with this environmental‐friendly emulsion.

Keyphrases: Biobased formulation, Pickering emulsion, Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm