NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
The Stressful characteristics of pain that drive you N.U.T.S. : a qualitative exploration of a stress model to understand the chronic pain experience

Objective: Despite decades of research on the identification of specific characteristics of situations that trigger a physiological stress response (novelty, unpredictability, threat to the ego, and sense of low control [NUTS]), no integrative research has examined the validity of this framework applied to pain experiences. This study aimed to 1) explore the stressful characteristics of pain among individuals living with chronic pain and 2) examine whether the NUTS framework comprehensively captures the stressful nature of pain.  Subjects: Participants were 41 adult participants living with chronic pain.  Methods: Interviews in six focus groups were conducted in French using a semistructured interview guide. Participants first discussed how pain is stressful. Then, they were introduced to the NUTS framework and commented on the extent to which it captured their experience. The verbatim transcriptions of interviews were reviewed using reflexive thematic analysis. Analyses were conducted in French; quotes and themes were translated into English by a professional translator.  Results: The pain-NUTS framework adequately captured participants' experiences. Multiple aspects of pain (pain intensity fluctuations, pain flare-up duration, pain quality and location, functional limitations, diagnosis and treatment) were associated with one or more stress-inducing characteristics. In addition, a second layer of meaning emerged in the context of chronic pain that provided contextual information regarding when, how, and why pain became more or less stressful.  Conclusions: The NUTS characteristics seem to offer a comprehensive framework to understand how pain and its context of chronicity can be a source of stress. This study provides preliminary support for the pain-NUTS framework to allow the formal integration of pain and stress research

Keyphrases: Stress, Chronic pain, Qualitative, NUTS, Pain appraisal, Focus group
Predictors of long-term opioid effectiveness in chronic non-cancer pain patients attending
multidisciplinary pain treatment clinics : a Quebec pain registry study

Objective: This study aimed at identifying characteristics of individuals who are most likely to benefit from long-term opioid therapy in terms of reduction in pain severity and improved mental health-related quality of life (mQoL) without considering potential risks. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 116 patients (age=51.3 ±12.5 years, male=42.2%) enrolled in the Quebec Pain Registry between 2008 and 2011 and who initiated opioid therapy after their first appointment in a multidisciplinary pain clinic and persisted with this treatment for at least 12 months. Clinically significant improvement was defined as a 2-point decrease on the PEG 0-10 Scale of pain severity at 12-month follow-up and a 10-point increase on the SF-12v2 Mental Health-Related Quality of Life Summary Scale which corresponds to one standard deviation of the mean in the general population (Mean = 50, SD = 10). Results: Clinically significant reduction in pain severity was observed in 26.7% of patients while improvement in mQoL was reported by 20.2% of patients on long-term opioid therapy. Older age (OR=1.04 (95% CI: 1.0 – 1.08), p=0.032) and alcohol or drug problems (OR=0.26 (95% CI: 0.07 – 0.96), p=0.044) were weakly associated with pain severity at 12-month follow-up. Baseline higher pain severity (OR=0.62 (95% CI: 0.43 – 0.91), p=0.014) and baseline higher mQoL (OR=0.89 (95% CI: 0.83 – 0.95), p=0.001) were associated with non-improvement in mQoL. Conclusion: The analysis failed to identify clinically meaningful predictors of opioid therapy effectiveness making it difficult to inform clinicians about which CNCP patients are most likely to benefit from long-term opioid therapy.

Keyphrases: Opioids, Chronic pain, Effectiveness, Quality of life, Quebec pain registry
Remembering the pain of surgery 1 year later : a longitudinal examination of anxiety in children's pain memory development

Children who develop greater negatively-biased recall of pain (ie, recalled pain is higher than the initial pain report) following surgery are at risk for developing chronic pain; therefore, identifying risk factors for the development of biased pain memories is important. Higher anxiety has been implicated in the development of greater negatively-biased recall of pain; however, studies have not examined anxiety at multiple time points before and after a surgery and its relationship to children's postsurgical pain memories after 1 year. This prospective study examined a cohort of 237 children and adolescents undergoing major surgery. Anxiety sensitivity, pain catastrophizing, and pain anxiety were assessed at baseline, 48 to 72 hours after surgery, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Pain intensity at rest, movement-evoked pain intensity, and pain unpleasantness were assessed daily in hospital. Memories for pain were elicited via telephone 1-year post surgery. Findings revealed that children who had higher levels of anxiety at baseline and 48 to 72 hours after surgery developed greater negatively-biased recall of pain intensity 12 months after surgery. Specifically, higher anxiety sensitivity at baseline and greater tendencies to catastrophize about pain at baseline and in the immediate acute recovery phase were most strongly linked to greater negatively-biased recall of pain. Greater negatively-biased recall of pain was related to higher pain intensity at 6 and 12 months post surgery. Findings support conceptual models of anxiety and pain memory biases and can inform intervention efforts to reduce anxiety in the pre- and post-op periods to minimize negative biases in pain memories.

Keyphrases: Pain, Surgery, Memory, Anxiety, Adolescents, Children
Examination of the course of low back pain intensity based on baseline predictors and
health care utilization among patients treated in multidisciplinary pain clinics : a Quebec
Pain Registry study

Objectives The study objectives were to identify baseline predictors of low back pain severity changes over a one-year period among patients attending multidisciplinary tertiary clinics and determine whether health care utilization impacts this outcome.  Methods This is a retrospective cohort study using the Quebec Pain Registry (QPR). A total of 686 low back pain (LBP) patients (55.8% females, mean age = 56.51 ± 14.5 years) from the QPR were selected for this study. Patients completed self-report questionnaires and nurse-administered questionnaires before their first appointment at a multidisciplinary pain treatment center. Analysis was conducted using a linear growth model.  Results There was a modest (10%) improvement in pain severity scores over a 12-month period. Pain catastrophizing and depressive symptoms predicted higher baseline levels of pain severity (P < 0.001). Having used self-management approaches over the past six months was associated with higher levels of pain severity at 12 months (P < 0.001).  Discussion Results from this study showed no clear pattern of association between the use of different treatment disciplines and pain severiy over the first year after multidisciplinary treatment intervention. These results raise an important question as to the best way of utilizing scarce multidisciplinary resources to optimize cost-effectiveness and improve outcomes among complex, chronic LBP patients.

Keyphrases: Low back pain, Quebec pain registry, Health care utilization, Treatment response, Tertiary care
Self-reported weight loss attempts and weight-related stress in childhood : heightening the risk of obesity in early adolescence

Objective Weight loss attempts occur as early as childhood. The impacts of weight loss attempts and weight-related stress on the occurrence of obesity during childhood remain unknown. We aimed to: (a) assess the prevalence of self-reported weight loss attempts and weight-related stress in 8–10 year-old children and (b) determine associations with adiposity 2 years later.  Method Data were collected from a cohort study of 564 Canadian children aged 8–10 years, having one or both biological parents with obesity (Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth cohort). Self-reported weight loss attempts and weight-related stress were assessed at baseline in the child's questionnaire. Adiposity was measured at baseline and 2 years later using body mass index z-scores (zBMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and percentage of body fat (%BF) obtained from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used while adjusting for potential confounders.  Results Forty-eight percent of children reported previous weight loss attempts and 20% reported weight-related stress. Self-reported weight loss attempts and weight-related stress were associated with higher zBMI, WHtR, and %BF 2 years later in adjusted models, although estimates were attenuated when including baseline adiposity measures. Self-reported weight loss attempts, but not weight-related stress, increased the risk of becoming overweight among children who were normal weight at baseline.  Discussion Weight loss attempts are prevalent in children with parental obesity. Children reporting weight loss attempts and weight-related stress tend to have higher adiposity 2 years later and are more likely to become overweight.

Keyphrases: Adiposity, Adolescents, Body mass index, Children, Dieting, Fat mass, Obesity, Waist-to-height ratio, Weight loss attempts, Weight-related stress
La responsabilité criminelle a-t-elle un avenir? : enquête sur les fondements philosophiques, juridiques et psychologiques de l’imputabilité pénale à l’ère des neurosciences

La présente thèse a une vocation à la fois descriptive et prospective. Descriptive, d’une part, en ce qu’elle entend mettre au jour les fondements juridiques actuels de la responsabilité criminelle tout en déterminant l’étendue des rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec la notion philosophique de libre arbitre. Prospective, d’autre part, en ce qu’elle entend évaluer les chances de survie de ces fondements à la lumière de la nouvelle vision de l’homme qui se dégage des avancées récentes en neurosciences. Nous aurons pour ce faire à soupeser la vraisemblance de deux grandes prophéties concernant l’avenir de la responsabilité criminelle : l’une, que nous qualifierons de « scientiste », prétend que le concept juridique actuel de responsabilité criminelle est voué à tomber en désuétude en raison de son incompatibilité avec notre connaissance du cerveau. L’autre, que nous qualifierons de « légitimiste », prétend que c’est plutôt en modifiant les intuitions populaires en matière de responsabilité que les neurosciences bouleverseront l’édifice pénal. Dans les deux cas, nous découvrirons qu’une erreur de diagnostic quant au fonctionnement juridique et psychologique des jugements de responsabilité conduit à une erreur de pronostic. This doctoral dissertation is both descriptive and prospective. Descriptive, on the one hand, by seeking to identify the current legal foundations of criminal responsibility and by trying to determinate the extent of their relationship with the philosophical notion of free will. Prospective, on the other hand, by seeking to evaluate the chances of survival of these foundations in the light of the new vision of man that emanates from advances in neuroscience. To this end, two great prophecies concerning the future of criminal responsibility will have to be weighed: one, which we will call ‘‘scientist’’, claims that the current legal concept of criminal responsibility is incompatible with what neuroscience teaches us and is, therefore, destined to fall into disuse. The other, which we will call ‘‘legitimist’’, claims that it is rather by altering the popular intuitions about responsibility that neuroscience will threat the penal edifice. In both cases, we will discover that a misdiagnosis concerning the legal and psychological functioning of the judgments of responsibility leads to an error of prognosis.

Keyphrases: Responsabilité morale et criminelle, Libre arbitre, Déterminisme, Neurosciences, Neurodroit, Philosophie expérimentale, Psychologie populaire, Moyens de défense, Neuroscience, Blâme, Intuitions morales, Criminal and moral responsibility, Free will, Determinism, Blame, Neuroscience, Neurolaw, Experimental philosophy, Folk psychology, Moral intuitions, Legal defenses
Les considérations de « race » ou couleur dans le processus de jumelage en adoption Banque mixte : analyse d’un cas de discrimination raciale systémique à l’aube de la théorie critique raciale, de l’intersectionnalité et de l’internormativité

Dans le cadre du jumelage d’une famille d’accueil Banque mixte et d’un enfant en situation de compromission, cette famille peut exprimer certaines restrictions, notamment quant aux facteurs ayant une incidence sur l’intensité de la prise en charge (déficiences physiques, mentales, troubles graves du comportement, etc.). Cependant, elle peut aussi émettre une réserve sur la « race » ou couleur de l’enfant, caractéristique sans implication fonctionnelle. Les enfants de couleur sont de ce fait considérés « plus difficiles à placer ». Mon mémoire questionne cette pratique où l’État – en avalisant les restrictions de « race » ou couleur posées par les familles d’accueil Banque mixte qu’il rémunère – crée, dans l’allocation des ressources de santé et de services sociaux, une disparité préjudiciable aux enfants racisés, et ce, sur la base, précisément, de leur « race » ou couleur. As part of the current pairing process for a foster (potentially adoptive) family and a vulnerable child from the “Banque mixte”, whose security and development are on the line – this foster family may set certain restrictions, notably in relation to factors influencing the intensity of care (physical or mental limitations, behavioural disorders, etc.). However, the adoptive parent(s) can also restrict the offering of their service to « Whites only », limiting their potential care to children who fit their racial requirements, a criterion without any functional impact. Children of colour are therefore considered « more difficult to place ». Our master thesis questions this practice in which the State – by endorsing the racial restrictions issued by the Banque mixte foster family through placement and remuneration – creates in the resource allocation of health and social services a detrimental disparity on the mere basis of “race”.

Keyphrases: Théorie critique raciale, Adoption Banque mixte, Protection de la jeunesse, Droits de l’enfant, Intersectionnalité, Internormativité, Banque mixte adoption, Discrimination raciale, Racial discrimination, Critical race theory, Youth protection, Children’s right, Intersectionality, Internormativity
La pollution sonore des océans et la règlementation du bruit sous-marin : un enjeu international qui prend tout son ampleur dans l’Arctique canadien

Les océans sont remplis de sons naturels et sont aujourd’hui de plus en plus envahis par des bruits d'origine humaine (bruits anthropiques). Ce mémoire étaye l’état actuel des connaissances sur les différentes sources de bruits sous-marins et leurs effets négatifs pour les espèces marines, les écosytèmes et les populations côtieres. Bien que le bruit soit un facteur de stress environnemental similaire à d'autres formes de pollution, la gestion du bruit anthropique a été négligée par les États et par le droit international. Cette étude met en lumière les difficultés pour le droit international et les États d’adopter des instruments spécialisés pour contrer le bruit anthropique alors que planent plusieurs incertitudes scientifiques. Le mémoire identifie et analyse les instruments contraignants et de soft law actuellement en vigueur, à l’international et au Canada, pour découvrir s’ils peuvent être mobilisés dans la lutte contre la pollution sonore dans les eaux arctiques canadiennes. L’adoption d’instruments juridiques ciblant spécifiquement les bruits anthropiques sous-marins est prônée mais avec la mise en garde que ce processus nécessitera une coopération inter et intra sectorielle concertée aux niveaux national, régional et international entre les milieux législatifs, scientifiques et décisionnels. The world oceans are filled with natural sounds, which are being increasingly encroached upon by human sourced noises (anthropogenic noise). This thesis provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the different sources of underwater noise and their negative effects on marine species, ecosystems and coastal populations. While anthropogenic noise is an environmental stressor similar to other forms of pollution, the management of anthropogenic noise has been neglected by States and by international law. This study highlights how scientific uncertainties and gaps complicate the process of crafting specialized international and domestic instruments to mitigate the impacts of underwater anthropogenic noise. The thesis identifies and analyzes binding and soft law instruments currently in force, internationally and in Canada, to discover whether they can be used to reduce noise pollution in Canadian Arctic waters. The adoption of legal instruments specifically applicable to anthropogenic underwater noise is advocated but with the caveat that it will require concerted inter and intra sectoral cooperation at the national, regional and international levels between legislative, scientific and decision-making circles.

Keyphrases: Arctique, pollution sonore, droit de la mer, environnement, sons anthropiques, bruit sous-marin anthropique, milieu marin, droit international, mammifères marins, pollution marine, Arctic, noise pollution, law of the sea, environment, anthropogenic sound, anthropogenic underwater noise, marine environment, international law, marine pollution, environmental protection, marine mammals
L'arithmétique de Boèce : le transfert de savoir mathématique grec

Auteur romain du 6ème siècle connu pour ses traductions en latin des textes en grec d’Aristote, Boèce a aussi rédigé une traduction-adaptation d’un texte de Nicomaque de Gérase sur l’arithmétique. La première partie de ce mémoire de maîtrise est consacrée à l’étude de Boèce en tant que passeur de savoir. Sa relation avec son père adoptif est mise en valeur afin de soutenir l’hypothèse selon laquelle Boèce aurait acquis sa connaissance du grec et son éducation tout en restant à Rome, sans avoir séjourné dans les écoles athéniennes ou alexandriennes. La deuxième partie porte sur le contenu mathématique du De institutione arithmetica. Après avoir montré comment le De arithmetica était relié à l’oeuvre de traduction par Boèce des philosophes grecs, le choix de l’Introduction à l’Arithmétique de Nicomaque comme point de départ du traité d’arithmétique de Boèce est étudié. Un catalogue raisonné des concepts mathématiques présentés est ensuite proposé, organisé autour des notions de quantité en soi et quantité relative qui conservent l’opposition entre le Même et l’Autre et rappellent l’opposition fondamentale entre Limité et Illimité, si chère aux pythagoriciens. Ce mémoire se termine par une analyse de la transmission du De institutione arithmetica et de son influence sur les mathématiques et l’enseignement du quadrivium au Moyen-Âge. Roman author of the 6th century known for his Latin translations of Aristotle’s Greek texts, Boethius has also composed a translation-adaptation of a treatise on arithmetics written by Nicomachus of Gerasa.  The first section of this master’s thesis focuses on characterizing Boethius as a intermediary, transferring Greek knowledge to the Latin West. His relationship with Symmachus is highlighted in order to argue that Boethius had been able to learn Greek and reach such a high level of learning in Rome, without the need to study in the Athenian or Alexandrian schools of his time. The mathematical content of the De institutione arithmetica is the main topic of the second section. After showing how the De arithmetica is related to Boethius’ magnum opus – the Latin translation of the Greek philosophers – the choice of Nicomachus of Gerasa’ Introduction to Arithmetics as the source of Boethius’ treaty on arithmetics is studied. Then, a catalogue raisonné of the mathematical concepts showcased is provided, organized around the notions of quantity constant of itself and relative quantity which retain the opposition between the Same and the Other and stems from the pythagoricians’ fondamental opposition between the Limited and the Unlimited. This masters’ thesis ends with an analysis of the medieval transmission of the De institutione arithmetica and of its influence on medieval mathematics and education through the quadrivium.

Keyphrases: Boèce, De institutione arithmetica, arithmétique médiévale, quadrivium, Nicomaque de Gérase, Memmius Symmachus, De institutione arithmetica, quadrivium, Boethius, medieval arithmetics, Nicomachus of Gerasa
Les représentations de la controverse Roman Polanski dans la presse française (2002-2020)

Roman Polanski est un cinéaste franco-polonais considéré comme fugitif par Interpol depuis 1978. En 1977, lors d’un procès pour viol, le réalisateur de 44 ans plaide coupable pour relations sexuelles illégales avec une fille de 13 ans. À sa sortie de prison, par crainte que le juge ne revienne sur sa décision de remise en liberté, Roman Polanski fuit les États-Unis pour se réfugier en France. Le réalisateur poursuivra une carrière à succès dans l’univers du septième art. À ce jour, douze femmes l’accusent de violences à caractère sexuel. Ce mémoire de maîtrise est une analyse qualitative réalisée à partir de la méthode de cadrage sur le déploiement des discours de la controverse associée à Roman Polanski dans la presse française. Les cadres relevés sont les suivants : la culture du viol (1), l’artiste et son œuvre (2), la Justice (3) et la complaisance (4). Nous avons rassemblé un échantillon de 100 articles de presse publiés entre 2002 et 2020 dans trois quotidiens: Libération, Le Monde et Le Figaro. L’analyse est réalisée à partir d’un cadre théorique issu des études féministes, plus particulièrement selon les perspectives du féminisme radical et matérialiste. L’objectif de la recherche est d’illustrer et de comprendre comment s’articulent les discours associés à la controverse Roman Polanski dans la presse en France, et à plus grande échelle dans la société française. Roman Polanski is a French-Polish filmmaker who has been considered a fugitive by Interpol since 1978. In 1977, during a trial for rape, the 44-year-old director plead guilty to illegal sexual relations with a 13-year-old girl. Upon his release from prison, fearing that the judge would reverse his decision to release him, Roman Polanski fled the United States to take refuge in France. The director would go on to pursue a successful career in the world of cinema. To date, twelve women have accused him of committing acts of sexual violence. This dissertation is a qualitative analysis carried out using the framing method on the deployment of the discourses of the controversy associated with Roman Polanski in the French press. The analytical frames identified are: rape culture (1), the artist and his work (2), Justice (3) and complacency (4). We collected a sample of 100 press articles published between 2002 and 2020 in three daily French newspapers: Libération, Le Monde and Le Figaro. The analysis is carried out from a theoretical framework derived from feminist studies, more specifically from the perspectives of radical and materialist feminism. The objective of this research is to illustrate and to understand how the rhetoric associated with the Roman Polanski controversy are articulated in the media in France, as well as on a larger scale in French society.

Keyphrases: Roman Polanski, culture du viol, féminisme, médias, France, discours, pouvoir, violences femmes, controverse, Roman Polanski, France, discours, rape culture, feminism, media, discourse, power, women's violence, controversy