NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of multimodal physiotherapy treatment
compared to overnight lidocaine ointment in women with provoked
vestibulodynia: Design and methods

Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition yet its management relies mainly on non-empirically validated interventions. Among the many causes of PVD, there is growing evidence that pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dysfunctions play an important role in its pathophysiology. Multimodal physiotherapy, which addresses these dysfunctions, is judged by experts to be highly effective and is recommended as a firstline treatment. However, the effectiveness of this promising intervention has been evaluated through only two small uncontrolled trials. The proposed bi-center, single-blind, parallel group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to evaluate the efficacy of multimodal physiotherapy and compare it to a frequently used first-line treatment, topical overnight application of lidocaine, in women with PVD. A total of 212 women diagnosed with PVD according to a standardized protocol were eligible for the study and were randomly assigned to either multimodal physiotherapy or lidocaine treatment for 10weeks. The primary outcome measure is pain during intercourse (assessed with a numerical rating scale). Secondary measures include sexual function, pain quality, psychological factors (including pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression and fear of pain), PFM morphology and function, and patients' global impression of change. Assessments are made at baseline, post-treatment and at the 6-month follow-up. This manuscript presents and discusses the rationale, design and methodology of the first RCT investigating physiotherapy in comparison to a commonly prescribed first-line treatment, overnight topical lidocaine, for women with PVD.

Keyphrases: Dyspareunia, Lidocaine, Pelvic floor muscles, Physical therapy, Provoked vulvodynia
The effect of social functioning and living arrangement on treatment intent, specialist assessment and treatment uptake for hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs: the ETHOS study

Background: The objective was to assess social functioning and its association with treatment intent, specialist assessment and treatment uptake for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people with a history of injecting drug use. Methods: ETHOS is a prospective observational cohort evaluating the provision of HCV assessment and treatment among people with chronic HCV and a history of injecting drug use, recruited from nine community health centres and opioid substitution treatment clinics (NSW, Australia). Social functioning was assessed using a short form of the Opioid Treatment Index social functioning scale. Those classified in the highest quartile (score >6) were considered having lower social functioning. Analyses were performed using logistic regression. Results: Among 415 participants (mean age 41 years, 71% male), 24% were considered having lower social functioning, 70% had early HCV treatment intent (intention to be treated in the next 12 months), 53% were assessed by a specialist and 27% initiated treatment. Lower social functioning was independently associated with unemployment, unstable housing, recent injecting drug use and moderate to extremely severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Lower social functioning was independently associated with reduced early HCV treatment intent (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.30-0.84) and lower specialist assessment (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29-0.79), but not HCV treatment uptake (aOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.40-1.43). Living with someone was independently associated with HCV treatment uptake (with someone and children: aOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.01-5.14; with someone and no children: aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.30-4.31), but not early HCV treatment intent or specialist assessment. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for the development and implementation of strategies targeting people who inject drugs with lower social functioning to enhance HCV treatment intent and specialist assessment. Further, strategies to enhance social support may play a role in increasing HCV treatment uptake.

Keyphrases: HCV, Drug users, PWID, Treatment, Education, Therapy Barriers
Prevalence and correlates of prescription opioid residue injection

Background: There is growing evidence of intravenous administration of prescription opioids (POs) in several countries. Preparation of POs for injection may leave residues in containers and filters used by people who inject drugs and may lead to adverse health outcomes if they are injected. Methods: This exploratory study used cross-sectional data from the COSMO study, a prospective cohort of out-of-treatment cocaine users carried out in Montréal (Canada) between October 2010 and August 2015. For this analysis, only one visit per participant was selected, that is, the first time the participant reported PO injection during the study.The outcome of interest, “injection of PO residues”, was defined as having injected PO residues from a filter and/or a container in the last month. Correlates of this outcome were identified using logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the 122 participants who reported PO injection during the study period, 41.8% had injected PO residues. Reporting an unstable source of income (AOR=4.26; 95% CI: 1.03-17.69), a recent overdose (AOR=5.45; 95% CI: 1.50-19.88) and a preponderant use of opiates (mostly opiate use versus other drugs excluding alcohol and cannabis) (AOR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.08-5.63) increased the risk of PO residue injection. The odds of reporting PO residue injection rose by 7% per unit increase in the score of psychological distress (AOR=1.07 per unit increase; 95% CI: 1.01-1.12). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that PO residue injection is associated with markers of vulnerability. Further investigation is needed in order to better understand this understudied drug injection practice.

Keyphrases: Injection drug use, Drug residue injection, Prescription opioids, Injection risk behaviors
Anxiety, mood disorders and injection risk behaviors among cocaine users: results from the COSMO study

Background and Objectives: Despite being common among cocaine users, mental health problems and their relationship with HIV and hepatitis C high risk injection behaviors are poorly documented. This study was undertaken to examine the relationships between mood and anxiety disorders and the sharing of drug injection equipment among cocaine users who inject drugs.  Methods: The sample was drawn from a prospective cohort study and comprises 387 participants. The outcome of interest was "sharing injection material" in the past three months. The presence of mood and anxiety disorders during the past year was assessed using the CIDI questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted on baseline data using logistic regression.   Results: Most participants were male (84.5%) and were aged 25 or over (92.2%); 43.0% qualified for an anxiety disorder diagnosis and 29.3% for a mood disorder diagnosis. Participants with anxiety disorders were more likely to share needles (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.13, 95%CI: 1.15-3.96) and other injection material (AOR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.12-2.92). No significant association was found between mood disorders and sharing behaviors. Discussion and Conclusions: Primary anxiety disorders but not mood disorders increases injection risk behaviors among cocaine users. These results bring to light another negative outcome of mental health comorbidity in this vulnerable population.  Scientific Significance: This study underlines the need to fine-tune therapeutic approaches targeting specific mental health problems in individuals with cocaine use disorders. Longitudinal studies that assess impulsivity and other correlates of psychiatric disorders are needed to examine underlying mechanisms of high risk injection behaviors in comorbid populations.

Keyphrases: Anxiety disorders, Mood disorders, Cocaine-related disorders
The effect of nocturnal wear of dentures on the sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose  The effect of nocturnal wear of denture on sleep quality and integrity is still not well understood. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to provide evidence on this topic.   Methods  Electronic searches were conducted from 1964 up to September 2015, using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Only publications in English or French, in which sleep quality of edentate adult individuals wearing dentures at night was compared to those not wearing were included in the review. Random effects models were used to pool the effect sizes.   Results  A total of 10 studies were included in the systematic review and 5 in the meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference between sleeping with denture and without denture was found for the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI; Standard Mean Difference = −0.60, 95 % CI −1.67–0.47; Z = −1.10; p = 0.27). However, there was considerable heterogeneity in the studies included in the meta-analysis (Tau2 = 1.34; Q-value = 59.32, df = 4 (P < 0.0001); I2 = 93.3 %). When results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were pooled in subgroup analyses of AHI, there was a tendency towards favoring sleeping without dentures (P = 0.059) and no evidence of heterogeneity between studies (Tau2 = 0.000; Q-value = 0.06, df = 1 (P = 0.80); I2 = 0.000 %).   Conclusion  The current evidence suggests that there is no difference in the sleep quality and integrity of individuals wearing or not wearing their denture during sleep. However, the results of randomized controlled trials favoring sleeping without dentures and the likely presence of bias in the previous studies indicate the need for further randomized controlled trials for the development of clinical guideline.

Keyphrases: Tooth loss, Denture, Sleep, Sleep disorders, Obstructive sleep apnea
Les politiques d’accountability
au service de la confiance
dans l’institution scolaire et
les enseignants?

Dans quelle mesure la montée de l’accountability en éducation est-elle significative d’un déclin de la confiance de l’État et des usagers dans l’École? N’est-elle pas également symptomatique d’une perte de confiance à l’égard des enseignants et de leur professionnalisme? Nous traiterons ces questions en proposant une réflexion à partir des théories de la confiance en sciences sociales. Nous distinguerons les théories qui s’interrogent sur les conditions de confiance dans les transactions économiques et celles qui thématisent la confiance «politique» dans les institutions. Nous argumentons que les dispositifs d’accountability tendent surtout à réduire l’incertitude des clients/ managers quant aux risques d’opportunisme et d’opacité des opérateurs scolaires. Il s’agit de favoriser la bonne marche «du marché» ou de «l’organisation productive» scolaire, au risque d’une perte d’autonomie professionnelle des enseignants et sans pour autant que l’École ne redevienne une institution politique «digne de confiance».

Keyphrases: Régulation, Gouvernance, Confiance, Professionnalisme enseignant, Accountability
Les limites de la tolérance : femmes et formation en enseignement

Cet article traite du rapport entre les exigences croissantes entourant la formation en enseignement et le projet d'exclusion des femmes dont cette profession fait l'objet depuis le XIXe siècle. À partir de son expérience du baccalauréat en enseignement, l'auteure questionne les modes d'évaluation auxquels sont sujettes les étudiantes - basées sur l'intimité et la vie intérieure -, le discours mélioratif autour des étudiants masculins, ainsi que la sévérité particulière des facultés d’éducation envers des étudiantes en proie à des problèmes personnels typiquement féminins (violence conjugale, grossesse, santé mentale, etc.). Elle montre que, par-delà les apparences et malgré le haut taux de féminité de la profession, le travail de l'enseignement, dès la formation universitaire, est sujet à des pressions masculinisantes par des processus de marginalisation et d'exclusion des femmes.

Keyphrases: Formation en enseignement, Histoire de l'enseignement, Condition étudiante, Sexisme, Travail reproductif
Les déterminants des aspirations d’études universitaires
des jeunes de dernière année secondaire
en Communauté française de Belgique

L'objectif de notre analyse est double. D'une part, nous voulons, par une série de modèles, voir si en Communauté française de Belgique, il y a encore une influence directe du diplôme des parents après contrôle de variables relatives à la trajectoire scolaire antérieure sur les aspirations d'études universitaires des jeunes de dernière année secondaire. D'autre part, nous nous demandons si des variables relatives au capital culturel incorporé ont une influence audelà du capital culturel institutionnalisé. Ainsi, nous avons eu recours à des variables témoignant des pratiques culturelles du jeune et de sa famille mais aussi à des variables nous renseignant sur la valeur relative des études universitaires pour la famille ou encore sur l'estime que les parents ont du jeune en termes de compétences scolaires et de capacité à poursuivre des études universitaires. Nous avons, dès lors, constaté que l'aspiration à poursuivre des études universitaires est loin de se résumer à l'effet de la scolarité antérieure, même si cette variable est évidemment centrale dans l'explication. En effet, outre cette variable, on assiste à une influence considérable de la famille et de son capital culturel, et ce en raison de plusieurs variables médiatrices : tout d'abord, les niveaux de diplômes des parents jouent, plus encore le rapport qu'ils entretiennent à l'enseignement universitaire et enfin les pratiques culturelles développées par la famille. De plus, le jugement de la famille sur la compétence du jeune à réussir à l'université importe également.

Keyphrases: Aspirations d'études, Capital culturel, Enseignement supérieur, Auto-sélection, Attentes des familles
Étude sur l’expérience des relations amoureuses des jeunes hommes ayant vécu un premier épisode psychotique

Cette étude qualitative s’intéresse aux facteurs pouvant expliquer les difficultés rencontrées par les jeunes hommes (18-35 ans) ayant vécu un premier épisode psychotique à établir et maintenir des relations amoureuses. 12 participants ont pris part à une entrevue semi-structurée d’environ 60 minutes. Quatre thèmes principaux sont ressortis de l’analyse des données, soit la gestion de la proximité, la conception de l’intimité, l’identité et le processus de rétablissement. Les difficultés rencontrées seraient liées à des expériences relationnelles antérieures, des difficultés métacognitives et de régulation émotionnelle suite à un épisode psychotique, mais des études supplémentaires sont requises. This qualitative study aims at understanding the factors underlying the difficulties young men (18-35 years old) who had a first episode of psychosis have at initiating and maintaning intimate relationships. 12 participans took part to a semi-structured interview of 60 minutes. Four main themes have been identified following the data analysis : Coping with proximity, Conception of intimacy, Identity and Recovery process. Results suggest that difficultiess faced by this population could be related to previous relational experiences, metacogntives and emotional regulation deficits that apeared after the first episode, but more research is needed.

Keyphrases: Psychose, Troubles mentaux graves, Schizophrénie, Relations amoureuses, Rétablissement, PÉP, Relations intimes, Psychosis, Severe mental illness, First episode, Schizophrenia, Romantic relationship, Intimate relationship, Recovery
Show Me Love, le jeune cinéma queer européen

Ce texte propose une analyse du film Show Me Love (fucking Åmål, 1998) de Lukas Moodysson, poète et réalisateur suédois à succès. La particularité de cette étude filmique réside dans son approche théorique puisqu'elle a pour objectif d'identifier dans la mise en scène un discours narratif queer. Notre intention est d’illustrer l’originalité et le caractère progressiste, pour l’époque, de la manière dont le film traite simultanément des difficultés liées au coming-out et de celles liées au coming-of-age. L'étude présentée s’attache donc à démontrer que le film adopte une posture queer en proposant un teen-movie lesbien qui dénonce l’oppression des normes hétérosexuelles. Puis, se propose de voir comment nous est présentée l’ambivalence de l’adolescence dans ses rapports à la norme sociale, ceci par l’analyse des formes de transgression et des aspects transitionnels mis en scène.

Keyphrases: Cinéma, Film, Suède, LGBT, Queer, Coming-out, Coming-of-age
Associations of substance use patterns with attempted suicide among persons who inject drugs: Can distinct use patterns play a role?

Background: While the elevated risk of suicide attempt among persons who inject drugs (PWID) is well documented, whether use of different substances is associated with varying degrees of risk remains unclear. We sought to examine the associations between substance use patterns and attempted suicide in a prospective cohort of PWID in Montreal, Canada. Methods: Between 2004 and 2011, participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire eliciting information on socio-demographic, substance use patterns, related behaviors, and mental health markers. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the relationship between self-reported use of six common substances (cocaine, amphetamine, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, cannabis and alcohol), associated patterns of use (chronic, occasional and none), and a recent (past six-month) suicide attempt. Results: At baseline, of 1,240 participants (median age: 39.1, 83.7% male), 71 (5.7%) reported a recent suicide attempt. Among 5,621 observations collected during follow-up, 221 attempts were reported by 143 (11.5%) participants. In multivariate analyses adjusting for socio-demographic and psychosocial stressors, among primary drugs of abuse, chronic [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.97] and occasional (AOR: 1.92) cocaine use, and chronic amphetamine use (AOR: 1.96) were independently associated with attempted suicide. Among co-used substances, chronic sedative-hypnotic use was independently associated with an attempt (AOR: 2.29). No statistically significant association was found for the remaining substances. Conclusion: Among PWID at high risk of attempted suicide, stimulant users appear to constitute a particularly vulnerable sub-group. While the mechanisms underlying these associations remain to be elucidated, findings suggest that stimulant-using PWID should constitute a prime focus of suicide prevention efforts.

Keyphrases: Suicide, Injection, Drug use, Risk factor, Epidemiology, Stimulant
Tsiang Tingfu : une vie intellectuelle et politique (1895-1937)

Dans l’histoire de la République de Chine, Tsiang Tingfu était un historien et un critique politique, en même temps, il était un politicien représentatif dans la grande vague des « experts en politique ». Ce mémoire se concentre sur sa pensée et ses expériences dans la première moitié de sa vie. Pendant cette période, Tsiang a présenté les caractères de la maturité et l’activité dans sa pensée. En particulier, dans les années de 1930, il a déjà préconisé la pensée la plus importante qui a provoqué un gros débat entre les intellectuels chinois. Au travers des expériences de Tsiang de suivre les études, on fait ressortir que la culture traditionnelle chinoise et la nouvelle éducation occidentale ont conjointement influencé sa pensée. Dans ce mémoire, on analyse ses opinions et ses pratiques en politique et trouve que les noyaux de sa pensée consistent au nationalisme et à son intention de la modernisation chinoise. Au fur et à mesure de l’aggravation de l’invasion japonaise en Chine, la sauvegarde de la nation a occupé la position centrale dans ses opinions, et sa pensée a été devenue conservatrice. En 1935, stimulé par son sens de responsabilité comme un intellectuel, Tsiang a participé au gouvernement nationaliste chinois et a servi ce régime jusqu’à sa retraite. Tsiang Tingfu was a historian and political critic. In the history of the Republic of China, he was also a representative politician in the wave of "scholar-bureaucrat". This thesis focuses on his thoughts and his experiences in the first half of his life when Tsiang exhibited characteristics of maturity and activity in his thinking. In particular, in the 1930s, as one of the leaders of the public opinion in China, he had advocated most of his important thoughts which triggered a heated discussion among the Chinese intellectuals. Through investigating each step in his educational career, we come to the conclusion that both the Chinese traditional culture and the Western education had shaped his later political and social thinking. By examining his principle political thoughts and his social practices, it is also found that the core of his thoughts lies in the nationalism and his intention of Chinese modernization. As the Japanese invasion intensified in China, saving the nation became his superior value and his thought therefore turned to the conservative. In 1935, prompted by the sense of responsibility as an intellectual, Tsiang participated in the Nationalist government and had served it until his retirement.

Keyphrases: Tsiang Tingfu, Intellectuels chinois, Pragmatisme, Experts en politique, Modernisation, Nationalisme, Nationalism, Tsiang Tingfu, Chinese intellectuals, Pragmatism, Scholar-bureaucrat, Chinese modernization, Nationalism
Une étude technologique des ornements abénakis de la période de contact et de la période historique amérindienne retrouvés sur le site archéologique d’Odanak

Le site archéologique qui se trouve dans le secteur historique de la réserve abénakise d’Odanak a été occupé pendant plusieurs siècles. Des fouilles archéologiques ont été menées de 2010 à 2013 sous la direction de Geneviève Treyvaud et Michel Plourde. Elles ont permis de mettre au jour divers témoins archéologiques dont plusieurs sont reliés aux ornements personnels. Ces derniers ont été étudiés afin de déterminer de quelles chaînes opératoires ils sont issus et quelles opérations ont pu se dérouler directement sur le site d’Odanak. Des ornements en pierre, en métal, en verre et en matière organique ont été portés à travers le temps par les Abénakis. Plusieurs techniques ont été utilisées pour les fabriquer et certains artéfacts en portent les traces caractéristiques. Il a été constaté que le site est divisé en trois zones d’activité : une zone d’habitat, une zone artisanale et la palissade. Plusieurs artéfacts semblent avoir été manipulés et transformés dans la zone artisanale tandis qu’ils ont plutôt été entreposés dans la zone d’habitation et abandonnés près de la palissade. The archaeological site located in the historical part of the Abenaki reserve of Odanak has been occupied for several centuries. From 2010 to 2013, excavations of this site were carried out under the direction of Geneviève Treyvaud and Michel Plourde. The excavations led to the discovery of several features including many artéfacts relating to personal ornaments. These objects were studied to determine which chaîne opératoire led to their presence on the site and which operations were carried out at Odanak. Ornaments crafted from stone, metal, glass and various organic materials were worn by the Abenakis. Several different production techniques were used to craft these ornaments and these techniques left characteristic traces on the objects. Three areas are apparent on the site: a domestic zone, a production zone and a palisade. Several artifacts appear to have been manipulated and transformed in the production zone, stored in the domestic zone, and abandoned near the palisade.

Keyphrases: ornement, perle, pendentif, cône clinquant, métal, pierre, verre, os, pendant, chaîne opératoire, coquillage, ornament, bead, tinkling cone, metal, stone, glass, bone, shell