NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Systèmes catalytiques pour la photosynthèse artificielle : 
optimisation par l'application des concepts du design moléculaire en chimie de coordination

Dans le contexte éco-environnemental actuel, l’Humanité est à la recherche d’alternatives pour remplacer les carburants fossiles responsables du changement climatique affectant le quotidien un peu plus chaque année. Inspiré par la Nature et le processus de la photosynthèse, un nouveau domaine à l’interface entre chimie, physique et ingénierie émergea dans les années 70 : la photosynthèse artificielle. Depuis, de nombreux systèmes catalytiques ont été rapportés mais leur intégration à l’échelle commerciale n’est pas encore d’actualité. De nombreux défis demeurent afin d’améliorer les performances, coupler les différentes réactions et s’assurer de la stabilité à long terme des dispositifs. Dans le cadre de cette thèse de doctorat, nous nous sommes attachés à explorer la chimie de coordination de complexes de ruthénium et de rhénium, omniprésents dans la littérature mais dont les propriétés peuvent être encore largement modulées par le design de nouveaux ligands. Dans un deuxième temps, les polyoxométallates, composés inorganiques à mi-chemin entre oxydes et molécules aux propriétés fascinantes, ont été recrutés pour développer des dyades covalentes, stratégie permettant de stabiliser un chromophore dans les conditions photocatalytiques. In the current ecological and environmental context, Mankind needs to find alternative energy sources to replace fossil fuels, as their combustion is a major cause of the current global climate change affecting our daily life a bit more each year. Inspired by Nature and the photosynthetic process, a new area at the interface between chemistry, physics and engineering has emerged in the 70s: artificial photosynthesis. Since then, many catalytic systems have been reported but their integration at commercial scale has not yet been achieved. Several challenges remain to improve their performances, ensure efficient coupling between the different reactions and enhance the long-term stability of these devices. Within this doctoral thesis, we have focused on exploring the coordination chemistry of ruthenium and rhenium complexes, ubiquitous in the literature though their properties can still be vastly tuned by designing new ligands. In a different approach, polyoxometalates, which are inorganic compounds half-way between oxides and molecules with fascinating properties, were recruited to develop covalent dyads, a strategy enabling stabilization of the dye under photocatalytic conditions.

Keyphrases: photosynthèse, chimie de coordination, polyoxométallate, photocatalyse, Photosynthesis, Photocatalysis, Coordination chemistry, Polyoxometalate
L'emprisonnement avec sursis : des politiques aux pratiques

L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre comment se construit la pénalité, des politiques jusqu’aux pratiques, à travers l’exemple de la peine d’emprisonnement avec sursis. Elle propose une lecture transversale de la pénalité à travers chacun des niveaux du système pénal (politiques, organisations, pratiques). La thèse conceptualise le système pénal comme un système doté d’une rationalité et composé d’espaces autonomes, mais en constante communication les uns avec les autres, au sein desquels les pratiques s’opèrent. A partir d’une méthodologie qualitative fondée sur une analyse de discours politiques et une enquête de terrain au sein de huit agences de surveillance communautaires au Québec, la thèse montre que : 1) à l’issue d’un rapport de force entre différents groupes aux valeurs antagonistes, le cadre normatif du sursis a été construit selon une logique de gestion des risques ; 2) les organisations sont dotées de cultures pénales et locales qui façonnent les représentations et les identités professionnelles et 3) les pratiques individuelles sont le résultat d’un arbitrage entre une interaction, une culture locale et un cadre normatif. This thesis aims at understand how penalty is built, from policies to practices, through the example of conditional sentence in Canada. It proposes a transversal reading of the penalty through each level of the penal system (policies, organizations, practices). The penal system is conceptualized as a social system governed by a rationality and composed of different spaces. The spaces are autonomous but communicate with each other; practices take place inside them. Our dataset was built from a qualitative study based on political speeches analysis and a field survey conducted in 8 community-based organizations from Quebec. Results show that: 1) the normative frame of the conditional sentence has been built according to a logic of risk management; 2) organizations develop criminal and local cultures that shape representations and professional identities; 3) individual practices are the result of a combination of interactions, local culture and the normative framework.

Keyphrases: politiques pénales, pratiques pénales, surveillance communautaire, théorie des systèmes, gestion des risques, emprisonnement avec sursis, pratiques professionnelles, cultures pénales locales, criminal policies, criminal practices, community supervision, systems theory, risk management, professional practices, local criminal cultures
Frank O'Hara & the city : situationist psychogeography, postwar poetics, & capitalist culture.

This dissertation adopts a fresh interdisciplinary perspective on reading the postwar urban poems of New York School poet Frank O’Hara. Through French Situationist philosophy, and particularly the writings of Guy Debord, the study explores the spatial and textual relations of O’Hara’s urban and cultural representations in postwar poetry. With the help of psychogeography and its “anti-techniques” of détournement and dérive, the research focuses on O’Hara’s uses of appropriation in constructing his urban assemblages.   The dissertation considers postwar poems from The Collected Poems of Frank O’Hara and offers Situationist readings and understandings of O’Hara’s modernist (urban and cultural) space. The choice of specific poems highlights O’Hara’s unequivocal inspiration by French poetry and focuses on their urbane, experimental and erotic aspects. The first two chapters propose ways in decoding psychogeographical approaches in poetic (de)composition for reading O’Hara’s poems, while the third delves into O’Hara’s uses of camp in dialogue with Situationist politics that highlight not only the capitalist and the cultural, but also the erotic and the queer. Cette thèse expose une nouvelle perspective interdisciplinaire quant à la lecture des poèmes d’après-guerre de le poète de New York School Frank O’Hara. Au travers de la philosophie de Situationiste Internationale, plus précisément des écrits de Guy Debord, cette étude explore les connections entre la poésie de Frank O’Hara et des propres représentation urbains et culturelles. Grace au notions de psychogeographie et ses « anti-technique » de détournement et dérive, cette recherche se concentre sur l’art d’appropriation qu’utilise O’Hara dans ses assemblages poétiques.  L’emphase mise sur les poèmes d’après-guerre tirés de The Collected Poems of Frank O’Hara illustre la vision de l’environnement moderniste de O’Hara. Les aspects urbains, expérimentaux, et érotiques inspirés de la poésie française sout mis en valeur par les poèmes choisir d’O’Hara. Les deux premier chapitres proposent une approche psychogeographique pour décomposer les images des poèmes de O’Hara tandis que le troisième chapitre examine l’utilization du « camp » en rapport avec la politique Situationiste qui souligne non seulement la capitalisme et la culture, mais aussi l’érotique et l’homosexualité.

Keyphrases: American postwar poetics, New York School poets, Situationism, Guy Debord, Frank O'Hara, Alienation, Camp, Urbanism, Walking, Ambience, Psychogeography, Surface culture, Dandy, Cognitive mapping, Readership, Experimental, Queer poetry, Gay language, Ambiance, Guy Debord, Capitalism, Camp, Poésie Americain d’après-guerre, aliénation, dériveur, flâneur, expérimentaux, poésie gay, Situationisme, Capitalisme, Culture urbaine, Psychogéographie, Marche, Culture de surface
Autonomous and controlled motivation for parenting : associations with parent and child outcomes

The present investigation examined motivation for parenting and some of its correlates in parents and children. The data came from samples of 151 first-time mothers of infants, 153 mothers of middle school children, and 260 mothers and fathers of high school children. Parents provided self-report data about their motivation in their parenting role as well as reports of role satisfaction, parental competence, child temperament, and parenting styles. Using three samples, factor analyses confirmed the distinction between autonomous and controlled forms of parenting motivation. Autonomous motivation refers to investing in the parenting role because it is interesting and meaningful whereas controlled motivation refers to investment based on external or internal pressures. Results showed that autonomous motivation was associated concurrently with parenting satisfaction and competence as well as with authoritative and autonomy-supportive parenting styles. Child temperament was unrelated to parenting motivation, but mothers reported greater autonomous motivation for girls than boys and for younger children rather than older children. Autonomous parenting motivation was associated with children reporting autonomy supportive parenting and high levels of well-being. A prospective analysis showed that controlled parenting motivation in first time mothers was associated with reductions in parenting satisfaction as infants became toddlers. A similar analysis showed that autonomous parenting motivation was associated with children developing fewer behavior problems whereas controlled motivation was associated with children developing more behavioral problems. The present findings highlight the heuristic value of assessing why parents invest themselves in the parenting role.

Keyphrases: Motivation for parenting, Role satisfaction, Parental competence, Child temperament, Parenting style
Impact of early environment on children's mental health : lessons from DNA methylation studies with monozygotic twins

Over the past decade, epigenetic analyses have made important contributions to our understanding of healthy development and a wide variety of adverse conditions such as cancer and psychopathology. There is increasing evidence that DNA methylation is a mechanism by which environmental factors influence gene transcription and, ultimately, phenotype. However, differentiating the effects of the environment from those of genetics on DNA methylation profiles remains a significant challenge. Monozygotic (MZ) twin study designs are unique in their ability to control for genetic differences because each pair of MZ twins shares essentially the same genetic sequence with the exception of a small number of de novo mutations and copy number variations. Thus, differences within twin pairs in gene expression and phenotype, including behavior, can be attributed in the majority of cases to environmental effects rather than genetic influence. In this article, we review the literature showing how MZ twin designs can be used to study basic epigenetic principles, contributing to understanding the role of early in utero and postnatal environmental factors on the development of psychopathology. We also highlight the importance of initiating longitudinal and experimental studies with MZ twins during pregnancy. This approach is especially important to identify: (1) critical time periods during which the early environment can impact brain and mental health development, and (2) the specific mechanisms through which early environmental effects may be mediated. These studies may inform the optimum timing and design for early preventive interventions aimed at reducing risk for psychopathology.

Keyphrases: Twins, Epigenetics, Mental health, Child development, Birth weight, Monozygotic
Timing and chronicity of maternal depression symptoms and children's verbal abilities

ObjectiveTo test the associations between the timing and chronicity of maternal depression symptoms (MDS)and children’s long-term verbal abilities.Study designParticipants were 1073 mother-child pairs from a population-based birth cohort in Canada. MDSwere assessed at ages 5 months, 1.5, 3.5, and 5 years using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies DepressionScale. Verbal abilities were measured at 5, 6, and 10 years using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised(PPVT-R). Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the association between timing (early: 5 monthsand/or 1.5 years vs late 3.5 and/or 5 years) and chronicity (5 months, 1.5, 3.5, and 5 years) of exposure to el-evated MDS and children’s mean PPVT-R scores.ResultsChildren exposed to chronic MDS had lower PPVT-R scores than children never exposed (mean differ-ence=9.04 [95% CI=2.28-15.80]), exposed early (10.08 [3.33-16.86]) and exposed late (8.69 [1.85-15.53]). Therewere no significant differences between scores of children in the early compared with the late exposure group. Weadjusted for mother-child interactions, family functioning, socioeconomic status, PPVT-R administration language,child’s birth order, and maternal IQ, psychopathology, education, native language, age at birth of child, and par-enting practices. Maternal IQ, (h2=0.028), native language (h2=0.009), and MDS (h2=0.007) were the main pre-dictors of children’s verbal abilities.ConclusionsExposure to chronic MDS in early childhood is associated with lower levels of verbal abilities inmiddle childhood. Further research is needed in larger community samples to test the association between MDSand children’s long-term language skills.

Keyphrases: Depression, Maternal health, Child development
The normativity of epistemic rationality

Cette thèse tente de démontrer que la rationalité épistémique est normative, ou plus précisément, que les agents doivent être épistémiquement rationnels. On peut dire provisoirement que la rationalité est un code – ou un ensemble de règles – en ce sens qu’elle correspond à une collection systématique d’exigences. En particulier, la rationalité est souvent identifiée à un ensemble systématique de lignes de conduite ayant pour but de faire en sorte qu’un agent réponde correctement à ses raisons, qu’il évite de se contredire, d’être incohérent ou akratique. La thèse poursuit aussi certains objectifs secondaires, en particulier: (i)  montrer que les raisons épistémiques apparentes de croire que P (comprises comme des propositions apparemment vraies qui, si elles étaient vraies, militeraient en faveur de la conclusion que P) sont normatives; (ii) montrer qu’il n’y a pas de dilemme insoluble de la rationalité épistémique; (iii) montrer que,  relativement à un ensemble de données probantes ou de raisons épistémiques, un agent idéalement rationnel n’a jamais la permission épistémique de croire que P et de croire que ~P simultanément. Si ces objectifs secondaires sont intéressants en eux-mêmes, ils contribuent aussi à confirmer l’idée selon laquelle la rationalité épistémique est normative. This thesis argues that epistemic rationality is normative, or that agents ought to be epistemically rational. The property of rationality is here understood as a code. Specifically, the code of epistemic rationality requires various things, such as responding correctly to epistemic reasons one has, remaining coherent and avoiding akratic combinations of beliefs. Additionally, this thesis has secondary aims, such as: (i) arguing that apparent epistemic reasons to believe P (understood as apparently true propositions which, if they were true, would count in favour of the conclusion that P) are deontically significant; (ii) arguing against unsolvable normative dilemmas of epistemic rationality; (iii) arguing against a specific type of permissiveness which roughly states that, relative to a body of epistemic reasons, it can be epistemically rational for an ideal agent to believe P and to disbelieve P. While these secondary aims are interesting in their own right, they confirm the main claim of this thesis, namely, that epistemic rationality is normative.

Keyphrases: Philosophie, Épistémologie, rationalité épistémique, normes épistémiques, données probantes, cohérence, permissivisme épistémique, coherence, akrasie, Philosophy, Epistemology, epistemic rationality, epistemic norms, evidence, akrasia, epistemic permissiveness
Correlation of changes in patient-reported quality of life with physician-rated global impression of change in patients with narcolepsy participating in a clinical trial of sodium oxybate : a post hoc analysis

Introduction: Narcolepsy patients report lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than the general population, as measured by the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). This analysis evaluated whether changes in SF-36 correlated with physician-rated Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C). Methods: Data were from 209 of 228 narcolepsy patients participating in an 8-week clinical trial of sodium oxybate. Changes from baseline for SF-36 subscales (Physical Functioning, Role Physical, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role Emotional, and Mental Health) and the summary scores were evaluated for correlation with CGI-C overall and by treatment group. Correlations were calculated using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r). Results: Correlations described an inverse relationship in scores, but a direct relationship in improvement; lower CGI-C scores (i.e., better) were associated with higher SF-36 subscale scores (i.e., improved HRQoL). Moderate and significant correlations were observed for Vitality (r = -0.464; P\0.0001) and Role Physical (r = -0.310; P\0.0001) subscales, but weak correlations were observed with other subscales including summary scores. Correlations were stronger at higher sodium oxybate doses for most SF-36 subscales. Conclusion: Some aspects of HRQoL, measured by the SF-36, may be associated with narcolepsy. In particular, Vitality (indicative of energy and tiredness) and Role Physical (impact of physical function on daily roles) moderately correlated with overall change in status observed by clinicians. However, lack of strong correlations between SF-36 and CGI-C indicates differences in patient and clinician perspectives of disease, and suggest a need for broader assessment of the impact of narcolepsy and its treatment on patients.

Keyphrases: Clinical global impression of change, Correlation analysis, Narcolepsy, Quality of life, SF-36, Sodium oxybate
EEG functional connectivity prior to sleepwalking : evidence of interplay between sleep and wakefulness

Study Objectives: Although sleepwalking (somnambulism) affects up to 4% of adults, its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Sleepwalking can be preceded by fluctuations in slow-wave sleep EEG signals, but the significance of these pre-episode changes remains unknown and methods based on EEG functional connectivity have yet to be used to better comprehend the disorder. Methods: We investigated the sleep EEG of 27 adult sleepwalkers (mean age: 29 ± 7.6 years) who experienced a somnambulistic episode during slow-wave sleep. The 20-second segment of sleep EEG immediately preceding each patient’s episode was compared with the 20-second segment occurring 2 minutes prior to episode onset. Results: Results from spectral analyses revealed increased delta and theta spectral power in the 20 seconds preceding the episodes’ onset as compared to the 20 seconds occurring 2 minutes before the episodes. The imaginary part of the coherence immediately prior to episode onset revealed (1) decreased delta EEG functional connectivity in parietal and occipital regions, (2) increased alpha connectivity over a fronto-parietal network, and (3) increased beta connectivity involving symmetric inter-hemispheric networks implicating frontotemporal, parietal and occipital areas. Conclusions: Taken together, these modifications in EEG functional connectivity suggest that somnambulistic episodes are preceded by brain processes characterized by the co-existence of arousal and deep sleep

Keyphrases: Electrophysiology, Parasomnias, Pathophysiology, Slow-wave sleep, Somnambulism, Functional connectivity
Évaluation précoce de la vitesse de coordination visuomotrice chez des patients atteints d’un traumatisme craniocérébral léger

Contexte : L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer la vitesse de coordination visuomotrice après un traumatisme craniocérébral léger (TCCL) et d’identifier les prédicteurs de la performance de celle-ci en phase précoce de récupération. Méthode : Un total de 99 patients TCCL et 32 participants en santé a été recruté. Dix-neuf participants avaient subi un TCCL complexe (CT scan positif) et 80 participants étaient atteints d’un TCCL simple (CT scan négatif). L’âge, le sexe et le niveau de scolarité ainsi que les performances aux tests de Repérage de symboles, Codes, Vocabulaire du WAIS-IV ont rétrospectivement été recueillis ainsi que des mesures de symptômes post-commotionnels (Post-Concussion Symptom Scale-Revised) et de dépression (Beck Depression Inventory II). La vitesse de coordination visuomotrice a été mesurée à l’aide du Grooved Pegboard Test. Résultats: Aucune différence de performance n’a été observée entre les groupes dans la performance obtenue avec la main dominante et la main non dominante (p˃ .05). L’âge, le sexe et la vitesse de traitement de l’information (Repérage de symboles et Codes) étaient des prédicteurs significatifs de la performance au Grooved Pegboard Test. Pour la main dominante, la sévérité des symptômes post-commotionnels prédisait également la performance. Cependant, la présence de symptômes de dépression et la réserve cognitive, évaluée par le niveau de scolarité et un test de vocabulaire, n’étaient pas associées aux performances au Grooved Pegboard Test. Conclusion: Aucune différence de la vitesse de coordination visuomotrice n’a été observée entre le groupe de patients TCCL et les contrôles. Par ailleurs, être un homme, être plus âgé et plus lent aux épreuves de vitesse de traitement du WAIS-IV a été associé à de moins bonnes performances au Grooved Pegboard Test. De surcroit, les symptômes post-commotionnels semblent interférer avec la performance de la main dominante. Enfin, l’état dépressif ou la réserve cognitive n’ont pas été associés à la vitesse de la coordination motrice à la suite d’un TCCL. Mots-clés : traumatisme

Keyphrases: Traumatisme craniocérébral léger, Coordination visuomotrice, Commotion cérébrale, Vitesse de traitement, Neuropsychologie clinique