NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L’intégration des TIC chez les enseignants de langue vivante : une étude descriptive

Cette étude porte sur l’intégration des TIC en milieu scolaire chez les enseignants de langue vivante au secondaire, dans le contexte de deux établissements français à l’étranger. L’objectif est de décrire la perception des enseignants en termes d’avantages et de défis, de fréquence et de types d’usages, d’effet des formations, et d’analyser des différentes barrières qui s’y manifestent. Cette recherche a utilisé une méthodologie mixte, de nature descriptive. Les résultats montrent notamment que les avantages perçus sont essentiellement en termes d’apprentissage, de développement des compétences TIC et de facteurs psychosociaux. La dimension pédagogique constitue le principal défi à l’intégration. Les formations n’ont globalement pas su répondre aux attentes des enseignants. Les fréquences d’utilisations sont majoritairement pour un usage personnel pour les enseignants, et une prédominance d’activité de type multimédia en classe. Les effets sur la pédagogie font ressortir des résultats positifs sur les pratiques d’enseignement et une hausse des interactions. Enfin, nos résultats sur les barrières semblent indiquer que le manque de temps et de support est le facteur le plus important et insistent sur l’importance du contexte. This research is about ICT integration among language teachers for secondary in the context of two international French schools. The aim is to describe how teachers perceive different variables such as advantages, challenges, the frequency and type of use, the effect of training and to analyse the barriers that are manifesting in this context. The methodology is mixed with a descriptive approach. The key findings are that the perceived advantages are mostly in terms of learning, development of technological skill and psychophysiological. Pedagogy seems to be the main challenge. Training doesn’t seem to have met teacher’s expectations. The majority of usage is personal for the teachers, and involve multimedia activities in the classroom. Effects on pedagogy show beneficial results for teaching practice and higher interactions. Lack of time and support appears to be the main barriers with a strong influence of the context.

Keyphrases: Barrières, Usages, Formation, Tic, Intégration pédagogique, Avantages, Défis, Usage, Tic, Ict, Pedagogical integration, Barriers, Training, Usage, Advantages, Challenges
Appropriation de l'espace numérique de travail des écoles primaires  par des enseignants tunisiens

Cette recherche explore l’appropriation de l’espace numérique de travail des écoles primaires par des enseignants tunisiens, en appréhendant l’appropriation comme une genèse instrumentale (Rabardel, 1995). Il s’agit d’une étude multi-cas qui tente de repérer et évaluer des indicateurs d’appropriation (Duthoit et Metz, 2012) en s’appuyant sur l’analyse de contenu obtenu à partir d’entretiens semi-directifs  menés avec 5 enseignants du cycle primaire tunisien.  Les enseignants s’approprient l’espace numérique de travail au cours d’une genèse instrumentale caractérisée par une phase d’instrumentation qui se construit notamment autour de leurs expertises en usage d’outils informatiques et en s’adaptant au contexte d’appropriation défini par les incitations institutionnelles. La phase d’instrumentalisation est caractérisée notamment par un enjeu heuristique pour la prise en main et le contrôle des activités avec l’espace numérique de travail, mais aussi un enjeu pragmatique sur le plan administratif : gestion des classes, gestion des notes et calcul des moyennes,  et sur le plan pédagogique ; exploitation des statistiques pour l’évaluation des classes ainsi que l’usage de ressources de la bibliothèque pour enrichir le cours et s’inspirer pour les évaluations et  les examens. This paper studies the appropriation of the Digital Work Space of primary schools by Tunisian teachers, taking the appropriation as an instrumental genesis (Rabardel, 1995). It is a multi-case study that attempts to identify and evaluate indicators of appropriation (Duthoit et Metz, 2012) based on the analysis of content obtained from semi-directive interviews conducted with 5 teachers from the Tunisian primary cycle. Teachers appropriate the Digital Work Space during an instrumental genesis characterized by an instrumentation phase that is built around their expertise in the use of computer tools and getting adapted to the context of appropriation defined by the institutional incentives. The instrumentalization phase is notably characterized by a heuristic challenge for the management and control of activities with the Digital Work Space. And a pragmatic challenge on the administrative level: classroom management, making systems and results, and also on the pedagogical level: use of statistics for class assessment and the use of library resources to enrich course and getting inspired for assessment and examinations.

Keyphrases: Espace numérique de travail, usage des TIC, appropriation, genèse instrumentale, instrumentation, instrumentalisation, entretien semi-directif, analyse de contenu, enseignants du primaire, appropriation, instrumentation, Digital Work Space, use of ICT, instrumental genesis, instrumentalization, semi-directive interview, content analysis, primary cycle teachers
The effect of talking about psychological trauma with a significant other on heart rate reactivity in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly make efforts to avoid trauma-oriented conversations with their significant others, which may interfere with the natural recovery process. Trauma-oriented conversations can be experienced as physiologically arousing, depending on the intensity of PTSD symptoms and perceptions of social support. In the current investigation, changes in heart rate responses to a trauma-oriented social interaction with a significant other were assessed. Perceived supportive and unsupportive or negative social interactions were examined as moderators of the association between heart rate changes to this context and intensity of PTSD symptoms. A total of 46 individuals with PTSD completed diagnostic interviews and self-report measures of symptoms and perceived supportive and negative social interactions during a trauma-oriented social interaction with a significant other. Heart rate was continuously measured during this interaction. Results showed that engagement in a trauma-oriented social interaction was predictive of elevations in heart rate that positively correlated with intensity of PTSD symptoms. The moderation hypothesis was partially supported. In addition, perceived negative social interactions positively correlated with elevations in heart rate. These findings can inform social intervention efforts for individuals with PTSD.

Keyphrases: Posttraumatic stress disorder, Trauma-oriented social interaction, Physiological reactivity, Perceived supportive and unsupportive social interactions
Quatre fiches pour ludifier les fondements du nouveau Référentiel de l'ACRL

Quatre outils conçus pour engager les étudiants, synthétiser leurs apprentissages et développer leur autonomie : baromètre pour évaluer ses sources, programmes pour bloguer sa recherche et pour Wikipédia, et fiche d’auto-évaluation et de reconnaissance des acquis. J’expose leurs notions pédagogiques et comment ils sont utilisés en formation et hors formation. Four tools designed to engage students, synthesize their learning and develop their autonomy: a barometer to evaluate their sources, programs to blog their research and to use with Wikipedia, and a self-assessment and recognition of prior learning sheet. I explain their pedagogical concepts and how they are used in and out of training.

Keyphrases: Référentiel de l'ACRL, Feuille de personnage d'apprentissage, ACRL Framework, Ludification, Gamification, Scholarly character sheet
L’aventure, les pieds dans la marge : un projet d’intervention psychosociale par la nature et l’aventure pour des jeunes adultes en situation de marginalité

Bien qu’encore peu exploitée au Québec, l’utilisation de la nature et de l’aventure comme médium d’intervention est une plateforme solide favorisant les apprentissages. Ce contexte d’intervention est par ailleurs fortement suggéré auprès d’individus réfractaires aux approches traditionnelles d’intervention. C’est avec cette prémisse que, dans le cadre de mon stage à l’organisme Dopamine, l’idée de mettre en place un projet d’intervention psychosociale par la nature et l’aventure pour les jeunes adultes en situation de désaffiliation sociale nous est venue. Avec les travailleurs de rue de l’organisme et en collaboration avec Face aux vents (organisme spécialisé de l’approche d’intervention psychosociale par la nature et l’aventure), nous avons bâti un projet s’échelonnant sur six semaines dont quatre jours d’expédition de canot-camping. Huit jeunes adultes étaient sélectionnés et six d’entre eux ont participé au projet jusqu’à la fin.    Pour identifier les impacts potentiels du projet sur la vie des participants, des journaux de bord, de l’observation directe, un questionnaire d’évaluation des habitudes de consommation, ainsi qu’un questionnaire mesurant les effets du projet en fonction de six objectifs (reconnaissance des capacités, sentiment de fierté et d’accomplissement, autonomie et pouvoir d’action, sentiment d’appartenance et socialisation, confiance et affirmation de soi et finalement, l’envie de se mettre en action) ont été utilisés. Malgré qu’aucune différence n’ait été notable sur le plan des habitudes de consommation des participants, des effets positifs ont été remarqués notamment sur le sentiment de fierté et d’accomplissement, de la confiance et de l’affirmation de soi, ainsi que sur le sentiment d’autonomie et du pouvoir d’action des participants. Ainsi, les effets retenus de l’approche d’intervention psychosociale par la nature et l’aventure auprès des jeunes adultes en situation de désaffiliation sociale nous amènent à penser que l’approche gagnerait à être davantage connue et jumelée aux approches déjà utilisées auprès de ces derniers.

Keyphrases: Désaffiliation sociale, Jeunes marginaux, Intervention par l’aventure, Social disaffiliation, Marginalized youth, Adventure therapy
Monetary policy in sudden stop-prone economies

In a model featuring sudden stops and pecuniary externalities, I show that the ability to use capital controls has radical implications for the conduct of monetary policy. Absent capital controls, following an inflation targeting regime is nearly optimal. However, if the central bank lacks commitment, it will follow a monetary policy that is excessively procyclical and not desirable from an ex ante welfare prospective: it increases overall indebtedness as well as the frequency of financial crisis and reduces social welfare relative to an inflation targeting regime. Access to capital controls can correct this monetary policy bias. With capital controls, relative to an inflation targeting regime, the time-consistent regime reduces both the frequency and magnitude of crises, and increases social welfare. This paper rationalizes the procyclicality of the monetary policy observed in many emerging market economies.

Keyphrases: Financial crises, Monetary policy, Capital controls, Time consistency, Aggregate demand externality, Pecuniary externality
Asset pledgeability and endogenously leveraged bubbles

We develop a simple model of defaultable debt and rational bubbles in the price of an asset, which can be pledged as collateral in a competitive credit pool. When the asset pledgeability is low, the down payment is high, and bubble investment is unleveraged, as in a standard rational bubble model. When the pledgeability is high, the down payment is low, making it easier for leveraged borrowers to invest in the bubbly asset. As loans are packaged together into a competitive pool, the pricing of individual default risk may facilitate risk-taking. In equilibrium, credit-constrained borrowers may optimally choose a risky leveraged investment strategy – borrow to invest in the bubbly asset and default if the bubble bursts. The model predicts joint boom-bust cycles in asset prices and securitized credit.

Keyphrases: Rational bubbles, Collateral, Credit pool, Household debt, Equilibrium default
Discrimination without taste : How discrimination can spillover and persist

We introduce coordination failures driven by beliefs regarding the presence of taste discriminators as a channel of discrimination in productive activities requiring the input of multiple agents. We show that discrimination can persist under perfectly observable ability, when taste for discrimination has died out, and under absence of discriminatory social norms. Empirically we analyze the market for self employment - an activity commonly requiring inputs from multiple agents. Consistent with the theoretical predictions, beliefs about discrimination are a significant correlate of self-employment rates, as well as the cost and success of establishing productive relations for blacks in the US.

Keyphrases: Discrimination, Coordination failure, Beliefs
Typology of perceived causes of IPV perpetration in young adults

The objectives of this study were to investigate the perceived causes of perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) among young adults, to assess whether distinct profiles exist, and to investigate sex differences. Questionnaires and structured interviews were administered to 233 young French-Canadian couples. Findings revealed that the perceived cause of anger was the most frequently provided explanation for partner aggression. In addition, women reported anger as a perceived cause of their violence more frequently than men, while men reported loss of control and revenge more often than women. Moreover, classification analyses resulted in three profiles of IPV perpetrators based on the perceived causes of their violence: (1) Reactive, (2) Common and (3) Hostile. The Reactive profile is characterized by the perceived causes of self-defence and loss of control. Individuals in this profile also perpetrated the greatest number of different physically violent behaviors. Individuals in the Common profile did not report a particular perceived cause of violence significantly more than the other profiles. These individuals were the least violent. Finally, the Hostile profile is characterized by the perceived causes of alcohol or drugs, domination, provocation, jealousy and intimidation. These individuals perpetrated the greatest number of psychologically and physically violent behaviors and perceived the impact of their violence the most negatively. Proposing a typology for IPV perpetrators in the young adult population contributes to a better understanding of perceived causes and high-risk situations (Flynn & Graham, 2010), thus allowing for possible prevention of more serious acts of aggression in later years.

Keyphrases: Intimate partner violence, Perceived causes, Young adults
Prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder from peritraumatic dissociation and distress among men and women victims of violent crimes

Contradictory evidence exists regarding the role of peritraumatic distress (PDI) and dissociation (PD) in the development of PTSD. Victims of certain trauma types may be more susceptible to these peritraumatic reactions. Few studies have assessed gender differences in these associations, particularly among victims of violent crimes. This prospective study evaluated the main and interactive effects of peritraumatic reactions with gender on PTSD onset, independently of known risk factors. Methods. 111 adult victims of violent crime (68 women, Mage = 41.23) completed the Structured Clinical Interview, the Modified PTSD symptom Scale, the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire, and the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory. Hierarchical regressions and chi-square tests were conducted for continuous and categorical measures of PTSD. Results. Extremely elevated scores of PD and PDI were obtained for both sexes. Greater PDI and PD were related to more PTSD symptoms (b =0. 380, p =. 001; b =0. 217, p =. 025, respectively). No significant interaction effects with gender emerged. These results remained when acute stress disorder was controlled for. Analyses on categorical data produced similar results. Conclusion. Victims of violent crimes recall severe peritraumatic reactions. The more severe these are, the more likely they are to develop significant PTSD symptomatology in the months that follow.

Keyphrases: Victims, Violent crimes, Post traumatic stress disorder, Peritraumatic dissociation, Peritraumatic distress, Gender
Gender differences in the prediction of acute stress disorder from peritraumatic
dissociation and distress among victims of violent crimes

Background. Peritraumatic dissociation and distress are strong predictors of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) development. However, there is limited data concerning gender differences in these relations, particularly among victims of violent crimes (VVC). Objective. Examine whether peritraumatic dissociation and distress predict the number of ASD symptoms differently for men and women VVC. Methods. 162 adults (97 women, Mage = 39.6 yrs.), 63% of whom experienced physical assaults, completed the Acute Stress Disorder Interview, the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire, and the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory. Analyses included t-tests and multiple hierarchical regressions models controlling for known PTSD risk factors. Results. The regression model showed dissociation and distress to be significant predictors of ASD for both men and women (β = .349 and β =.312 respectively; all p<.001). A significant 3-way interaction was also observed between peritraumatic distress (PDI), past potentially traumatic experiences and gender. In simple slopes analyses, the combination of high levels of PDI and of a high number of past potentially traumatic events were associated with greater risk of ASD in men only (b=3.78, p<.001). However, women experienced greater PDI (t (157) = 5.844, p = .005) than men, and elevated distress was associated with more ASD symptoms independently of past traumatic events. Major implications. Gender differences were revealed as a function of past potentially traumatic experiences. There is a cumulative impact of past potential traumas and current distress that predicts ASD in men, while in women; it contributes to ASD via increased distress.

Keyphrases: Victims of violent crimes, Acute stress disorder, Peritraumatic dissociation, Peritraumatic distress, Gender
Comment faire de la veille institutionnelle : Être alerté sur toutes les nouvelles publications des chercheurs de l’UdeM avec Web of Science, Scopus et PubMed

Cette présentation a servi de support à un atelier de formation pour le personnel du BCRP (Bureau des communications et des relations publiques) de l'Université de Montréal. Elle débute par une introduction générale sur la veille et les alertes par courriel ou par RSS. Elle se poursuit par l'utilisation de recherche par institution et la création d'alerte dans les outils : Web of Science, Scopus et PubMed. La formation se termine par quelques outils de veille annexes (Google Scholar, Talkwalker alert, etc.).

Keyphrases: alerte, veille, chercheurs UdeM, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed
Mycobacterium xenopi systemic infection in a domestic fieryshouldered
conure bird (Pyrrhura egregia)

Introduction. Mycobacterium xenopi is a rare opportunistic pathogen mainly causing infections in immunocompromised human patients or those with underlying chronic structural lung disease. Cases of disease in veterinary medicine remain scarce. Few animal species, including birds, are suspected of being vectors of the disease and there has not yet been a report of clinical disease in birds. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of systemic infection in a domestic bird. Case presentation. A female fiery-shouldered conure was submitted after death for necropsy following episodes of heavy breathing. The necropsy revealed multiple granulomatous lesions within the liver, air sacs and kidneys. Ziehl–Neelsen stains demonstrated the presence of numerous intralesional acid-fast bacilli. PCR assays and culture confirmed the presence of M. xenopi. Conclusion. Through this case we hope to describe the characteristics of M. xenopi disease in birds and the possible close relationship between animal and human infections.

Keyphrases: Mycobacterium infection, Granulomatous, Avian, Mycobacterium xenopi
Vers une universalité des émotions : analyse de la capacité émotionnelle des vertébrés et invertébrés

Les études portant sur les émotions chez les vertébrés, les mammifères en particulier, sont abondantes et bien documentées. Toutefois, bien qu’on s’y intéresse de plus en plus, les émotions des invertébrés, elles, suscitent moins l’attention. À telle enseigne que, bien qu’ils composent 97 % du règne animal, les invertébrés sont les grands laissés-pour-compte des études sur la nature et les fonctions de leurs émotions (Willmer, 1990). Tout en donnant écho aux rarissimes études déjà réalisées, nous avons tenté au travers le présent mémoire de dissiper le doute quant à l’existence des émotions chez les invertébrés par deux moyens principaux : d’une part, en étudiant les émotions en tant qu’états émotionnels primaires ou émotions primitives, dépourvus de la dimension subjective normalement rattachée à l’étude des émotions et d’autre part, en analysant les circuits neuronaux, neurotransmetteurs et hormones, ainsi que les patrons d’expression comportementale typiquement associés aux émotions humaines. À travers cette nouvelle façon de conceptualiser les émotions, nos résultats suggèrent que les systèmes émotionnels neuronaux des vertébrés et invertébrés sont possiblement le fruit d’une évolution commune, qui aurait bifurquée il y a des millions d’années. En conséquence, nous concevons les états émotionnels comme universaux et présents dès la naissance. Studies of emotions in vertebrates, especially in mammals, are abundant and well documented. While researchers have expressed a growing interest to study emotions in invertebrates, they generally attract less attention. Although they account for 97% of the animal kingdom, the nature and functions of emotions in invertebrates have been largely overlooked (Willmer, 1990). By relating the rare studies that have been carried out by researchers, this thesis is meant as an attempt to dispel the doubts surrounding the existence of emotions in invertebrates by essentially two means: firstly, by studying emotions as central emotional states or emotion primitives, devoid of the subjective dimension as a defining feature of emotional process; and secondly, by analyzing the neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters and hormones, together with the behavioral patterns typically linked to emotions as a whole. Through this new conceptualization of emotions, our findings suggest that the neural correlates of emotions in vertebrates and invertebrates are possibly the result of a common evolution, which would have diverged millions of years ago. Thus, we promote emotion states as innate and universal throughout the animal kingdom.

Keyphrases: Anthropologie biologique, Émotion, État émotionnel primitif, Neuroanthropologie, Système émotionnel, Invertébré, Évolution, Comportement social, neurosciences affectives, Biological anthropology, Emotion, Central emotional state, Affective neuroscience, Neuroanthropology, Emotional system, Invertebrate, Evolution, Social behavior