NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Perinatal adversity profiles and suicide attempt in adolescence and young adulthood : longitudinal analyses from two 20-year birth cohort studies

Background We aimed to identify groups of children presenting distinct perinatal adversity profiles and test the association between profiles and later risk of suicide attempt.  Methods Data were from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD, N = 1623), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 5734). Exposures to 32 perinatal adversities (e.g. fetal, obstetric, psychosocial, and parental psychopathology) were modeled using latent class analysis, and associations with a self-reported suicide attempt by age 20 were investigated with logistic regression. We investigated to what extent childhood emotional and behavioral problems, victimization, and cognition explained the associations.  Results In both cohorts, we identified five profiles: No perinatal risk, Poor fetal growth, Socioeconomic adversity, Delivery complications, Parental mental health problems (ALSPAC only). Compared to children with No perinatal risk, children in the Poor fetal growth (pooled estimate QLSCD-ALSPAC, OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.04–3.44), Socioeconomic adversity (pooled-OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08–1.85), and Parental mental health problems (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.27–2.40), but not Delivery complications, profiles were more likely to attempt suicide. The proportion of this effect mediated by the putative mediators was larger for the Socioeconomic adversity profile compared to the others.  Conclusions Perinatal adversities associated with suicide attempt cluster in distinct profiles. Suicide prevention may begin early in life and requires a multidisciplinary approach targeting a constellation of factors from different domains (psychiatric, obstetric, socioeconomic), rather than a single factor, to effectively reduce suicide vulnerability. The way these factors cluster together also determined the pathways leading to a suicide attempt, which can guide decision-making on personalized suicide prevention strategies.

Keyphrases: ALSPAC, Latent class analysis, Perinatal adversity, QLSCD, Suicide attempt
A comparative tale of two methods : how thematic and narrative analyses author the data story differently

An interpretive qualitative approach insists on the plural and negotiated nature of the meanings that humans attach to their social realities. Thus, the qualitative researcher must navigate multiple and sometimes conflicting commitments to method, data, oneself, participants, and one’s reader. This can lead us to obscure the messiness of data analysis in final research reports and to downplay how methodological choices can make our participants ‘say things.’ In this article, we compare two interpretive methods, thematic and narrative analysis, including their shared epistemological and ontological premises, and offer a pedagogical demonstration of their application to the same data excerpt. However, our broader goal is to use the divergent results to critically examine how our choice of analytic method in interpretive research influences how we (researcher + method) ‘author’ data stories. Ultimately, researcher reflexivity must go beyond acknowledging how one’s position may influence the data analysis or the participant.

Keyphrases: Interpretive research, Qualitative research, Thematic analysis, Narrative analysis, Researcher commitments
Associations between developmental trajectories of peer victimization, hair cortisol, and depressive symptoms : a longitudinal study

Background Peer victimization has been associated with long‐lasting risks for mental health. Prior research suggests that stress‐related systems underlying adaptation to changing environments may be at play. To date, inconsistent findings have been reported for the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and its end product cortisol. This study tested whether peer victimization was associated with hair cortisol concentrations (HCC), and whether this association varied according to sex, timing, and changes in exposure. We also examined whether peer victimization differentially predicted depressive symptoms according to HCC.  Methods The sample comprised 556 adolescents (42.0%; 231 males) who provided hair for cortisol measurement at 17 years of age. Peer victimization was reported at seven occasions between the ages of 6 and 15 years.  Results Peer victimization was nonlinearly associated with HCC for boys only, whereas changes in peer victimization were related to HCC for boys and girls. Peer victimization predicted more depressive symptoms for all participants, except those with lower HCC.  Conclusions Our findings provide further support for persistent dysregulation of the HPA axis following exposure to chronic adversity, of which the expression may change according to sex and the severity of victimization.

Keyphrases: Peer victimization, HPA axis, Hair cortisol, Depression, Nonlinear models
Cybervictimization in adolescence and its association with subsequent suicidal ideation/attempt beyond face‐to‐face victimization : a longitudinal population‐based study

Background Cross‐sectional associations have been documented between cybervictimization and suicidal risk; however, prospective associations remain unclear.  Methods Participants were members of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD), a prospective birth cohort of 2,120 individuals followed from birth (1997/98) to age 17 years (2014/15). Cybervictimization and face‐to‐face victimization experienced since the beginning of the school year, as well as serious suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempt were self‐reported at ages 13, 15 and 17 years.  Results In cross‐sectional analyses at 13, 15 and 17 years, adolescents cybervictimized at least once had, respectively, 2.3 (95% CI = 1.64–3.19), 4.2 (95% CI = 3.27–5.41) and 3.5 (95% CI = 2.57–4.66) higher odds of suicidal ideation/attempt after adjusting for confounders including face‐to‐face victimization, prior mental health symptoms and family hardship. Sensitivity analyses suggested that cybervictimization only and both cyber‐ and face‐to‐face victimization were associated with a higher risk of suicidal ideation/attempt compared to face‐to‐face victimization only and no victimization; however, analyses were based on small n. In prospective analyses, cybervictimization was not associated with suicidal ideation/attempt 2 years later after accounting for baseline suicidal ideation/attempt and other confounders. In contrast, face‐to‐face victimization was associated with suicidal ideation/attempt 2 years later in the fully adjusted model, including cybervictimization.  Conclusions The cross‐sectional association between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation/attempt is independent from face‐to‐face victimization. The absence of a prospective association suggested short‐term effects of cybervictimization on suicidal ideation/attempt.

Keyphrases: Adolescence, Longitudinal cohort, Suicidal ideation, Suicide attempt, Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development
Gadamer, aesthetics and modernity

J’aborde ici la dimension exemplaire que revêt l’art pour l’herméneutique philosophique de Gadamer. Ce dernier souscrit sans doute à la thèse classiciste de Hegel selon laquelle l’art élève une prétention à la vérité qui a connu sa plus haute expression dans l’antiquité grecque, mais il refuse de concéder à Hegel qu’à l’époque moderne c’est désormais la philosophie qui assume cette prétention de manière privilégiée. Gadamer entend ainsi surmonter la perte de sens que connaît l’art à l’époque moderne, et il s’oppose à l’herméneutique romantique de Schleiermacher précisément pour cette raison. À l’encontre du diagnostic de Gadamer portant sur la subjectivisation de l’expérience artistique aux Temps Modernes, je fais intervenir W. Benjamin et sa compréhension du rôle constitutif de la « critique » dans l’art romantique pour faire contraste avec le modèle gadamérien d’accès à l’œuvre comme participation à un avènement de sens. In this article I examine the exemplary role played by art in Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics. To be sure Gadamer agrees with Hegel and his classicist view according to which art contains a claim to truth that has reached its highest expression in Greek antiquity, but he refuses to admit that in the modern era it is henceforth philosophy that presents this truth in a privileged manner. Gadamer wishes thereby to counter the loss of meaning afflicting art in the modern era, and he stigmatizes Schleiermacher’s romantic hermeneutics precisely for that reason. Against Gadamer’s diagnosis of the subjectivisation of artistic experience in the modern times, I introduce W. Benjamin and his understanding of the intrinsic function of “critique” in romantic art in order to show the contrast with Gadamer’s model of access to the artwork as a participation in an event of meaning.

Keyphrases: Gadamer, Hegel, Benjamin, Walter, Classicisme, Romantisme, Critique, Gadamer, Hegel, Critique, Classicism, Romanticism
Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii seropositivity
and shedding in farm, pet and feral cats and
associated risk factors in farm cats in Quebec,
Canada

Cats represent a potential source of Coxiella burnetii, the aetiological agent of Q fever in humans. The prevalence and risk factors of C. burnetii infection in farm, pet and feral cats were studied in Quebec, Canada, using a cross-sectional study. Serum samples were tested using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against C. burnetii, whereas rectal swabs were assayed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the molecular detection of the bacteria. Potential risk factors for farm cats were investigated using clinical examinations, questionnaires and results from a concurrent study on C. burnetii farm status. A total of 184 cats were tested: 59 from ruminant farms, 73 pets and 52 feral cats. Among farm cats, 2/59 (3.4%) were ELISA-positive, 3/59 (5.1%) were ELISA-doubtful and 1/59 (1.7%) was qPCR-positive. All pets and feral cats were negative to C. burnetii ELISA and qPCR. Farm cat positivity was associated with a positive C. burnetii status on the ruminant farm (prevalence ratio = 7.6, P = 0.03). Our results suggest that although pet and feral cats do not seem to pose a great C. burnetii risk to public health, more active care should be taken when in contact with cats from ruminant farms.

Keyphrases: Cats, Coxiella burnetii, Prevalence, Risk factors
Task-induced functional connectivity of picture naming in healthy aging : the impacts of age and task complexity

The topological organization of the brain, governed by the capacity of brain regions to synchronize their activity, allows for cost-effective performance during everyday cognitive activity. Functional connectivity is an fMRI method deemed task-specific and demand-dependent. Although the brain undergoes significant changes during healthy aging, conceptual knowledge and word-production accuracy are generally preserved. The exploration of task-induced functional connectivity patterns during active picture naming may thus provide additional information about healthy functional cerebral mechanisms that are specifically adapted to the cognitive activity at hand. The goal of this study is to assess and describe age-related differences in functional connectivity during an overt picture-naming task, as well as to compare age-related differences under complex task demand, defined by lexical frequency. Results suggest both age-specific and task-specific mechanisms. In the context of preserved behavioral performance in a picture-naming task, older adults show a complex array of differences in functional connectivity architecture, including both increases and decreases. In brief, there is increased segregation and specialization of regions that are classically assigned to naming processes. Results also expand on previous word-production studies and suggest that motor regions are particularly subject to age-related differences. This study also provides the first indication that intrinsic task demand, as manipulated by lexical frequency, interacts little with the relationship between age and functional connectivity. Together, these findings confirm the value of task-induced functional connectivity analysis in revealing the brain organization that subserves task performance during healthy aging.

Keyphrases: fMRI, Functional connectivity, Healthy aging, Picture naming, Language, Task-induced functional connectivity
Pathogenic and transmission potential of wildtype and
chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine revertant infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an infectious upper respiratory tract disease that impacts the poultry industry worldwide. ILT is caused by an alphaherpesvirus commonly referred to as infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). Vaccination with live attenuated vaccines is practiced regularly for the control of ILT. However, extensive and improper use of live attenuated vaccines is related to vaccine viruses reverting to virulence. An increase in mortality and pathogenicity has been attributed to these vaccine revertant viruses. Recent studies characterized Canadian ILTV strains originating from ILT outbreaks as related to live attenuated vaccine virus revertants. However, information is scarce on the pathogenicity and transmission potential of these Canadian isolates. Hence, in this study, the pathogenicity and transmission potential of two wildtype ILTVs and a chicken embryo origin (CEO) vaccine revertant ILTV of Canadian origin were evaluated. To this end, 3-week-old specific pathogen-free chickens were experimentally infected with each of the ILTV isolates and compared to uninfected controls. Additionally, naïve chickens were exposed to the experimentally infected chickens to mimic naturally occurring infection. Pathogenicity of each of these ILTV isolates was evaluated by the severity of clinical signs, weight loss, mortality, and lesions observed at the necropsy. The transmission potential was evaluated by quantification of ILTV genome loads in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and tissue samples of the experimentally infected and contact-exposed chickens, as well as in the capacity to produce ILT in contact-exposed chickens. We observed that the CEO vaccine revertant ILTV isolate induced severe disease in comparison to the two wildtype ILTV isolates used in this study. According to ILTV genome load data, CEO vaccine revertant ILTV isolate was successfully transmitted to naïve contact-exposed chickens in comparison to the tested wildtype ILTV isolates. Overall, the Canadian origin CEO vaccine revertant ILTV isolate possesses higher virulence, and dissemination potential, when compared to the wildtype ILTV isolates used in this study. These findings have serious implications in ILT control in chickens.

Keyphrases: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Pathogenicity, Transmission, Poultry, Vaccine revertant infectious laryngotracheitis virus
Deformation-based shape analysis of the hippocampus in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer’s disease

Background Increasing evidence shows that the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is characterized by hippocampal atrophy. However, less is known about disease-related morphological hippocampal changes. The goal of the present study is to conduct a detailed characterization of the impact of svPPA on global hippocampus volume and morphology compared with control subjects and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).  Methods We measured hippocampal volume and deformation-based shape differences in 22 patients with svPPA compared with 99 patients with AD and 92 controls. Multiple Automatically Generated Templates Brain Segmentation Algorithm (MAGeT-Brain) was used on MRI images obtained at the diagnostic visit.  Results Comparable left and right hippocampal atrophy were observed in svPPA and AD. Deformation-based shape analysis showed a common pattern of morphological deformation in svPPA and AD compared with controls. More specifically, both svPPA and AD showed inward deformations in the dorsal surface of the hippocampus, from head to tail on the left side, and more limited to the anterior portion of the body in the right hemisphere. These results also pointed out that both diseases are characterized by a lateral displacement of the central part (body) of the hippocampus.  Discussion Our study provides critical new evidence of hippocampal morphological changes in svPPA, similar to those found in AD. These findings highlight the importance of considering morphological hippocampal changes as part of the anatomical profile of patients with svPPA.

Keyphrases: Alzheimer’s disease, Semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia, Automated segmentation, MAGeT brain, Hippocampus, Deformation-based shape analysis
Evidence of a relation between hippocampal volume,
white matter hyperintensities, and cognition in subjective
cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment

Objective: The concepts of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) have been proposed to identify individuals in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), or other neurodegenerative diseases. One approach to validate these concepts is to investigate the relationship between pathological brain markers and cognition in those individuals. Method: We included 126 participants from the Consortium for the Early Identification of Alzheimer’s disease-Quebec (CIMA-Q) cohort (67 SCD, 29 MCI, and 30 cognitively healthy controls [CH]). All participants underwent a complete cognitive assessment and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Group comparisons were done using cognitive data, and then correlated with hippocampal volumes and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Results: Significant differences were found between participants with MCI and CH on episodic and executive tasks, but no differences were found when comparing SCD and CH. Scores on episodic memory tests correlated with hippocampal volumes in both MCI and SCD, whereas performance on executive tests correlated with WMH in all of our groups. Discussion: As expected, the SCD group was shown to be cognitively healthy on tasks where MCI participants showed impairment. However, SCD’s hippocampal volume related to episodic memory performances, and WMH to executive functions. Thus, SCD represents a valid research concept and should be used, alongside MCI, to better understand the preclinical/prodromal phase of AD.

Keyphrases: Alzheimer’s disease, Biomarkers, Neuroimaging, Neuropsychology
Word-finding in confrontation naming and picture descriptions produced by individuals with early post-stroke aphasia

Objective The present study aims to assess the relationship between quantitative measures of connected speech production and performance in confrontation naming in early post-stroke aphasia (8-14 days post-stroke). Method: We collected connected speech samples elicited by a picture description task and administered a confrontation naming task to 20 individuals with early post-stroke aphasia and 20 healthy controls. Transcriptions were made in compliance with the CHAT format guidelines. Several micro- (i.e. duration, total number of words, words per minute, mean length of utterances, ratio of open- to closed-class words and noun-to-verb ratio, VOC-D, repetitions, self-corrections, and phonological and semantic errors) and macrolinguistic (i.e. informativeness and efficiency) measures were extracted. Results: We provide evidence for the presence of impairments in an array of micro- and macrolinguistic measures of speech in individuals with early post-stroke aphasia. We show that in the patient group, confrontation naming abilities most strongly relate to informativeness in a picture description task. Conclusion: Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between performance in confrontation naming and in connected speech production in the first days after stroke onset and also suggest that discourse analysis may provide unique, possibly more complex information.

Keyphrases: Early post-stroke aphasia, Word-finding, Confrontation naming, Connected speech, Picture description
The role of the hippocampus in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia : a resting‐state fcMRI study

The goal of the study was to determine whether the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) affects the intrinsic connectivity network anchored to left and right anterior hippocampus, but spares the posterior hippocampus. A resting‐state functional connectivity MRI (rs‐fcMRI) study was conducted in a group of patients with svPPA and in controls, using a seed‐to‐voxel approach. In comparison to controls, massively reduced connectivity was found in the anterior hippocampus, mainly the left one, for svPPA patients but not in the left or right posterior hippocampus. In svPPA, the anterior hippocampus showed reduced functional connectivity with regions implicated in the semantic memory network. Significant correlation was also found between the functional connectivity strength of the left anterior hippocampus and the ventromedial cortex, and performance in semantic tasks. These findings indicate that the functional disconnection of the anterior hippocampus may be a promising in vivo biomarker of svPPA and illustrate the role of this hippocampal subregion in the semantic memory system.

Keyphrases: Semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia, Resting‐state functional connectivity, CONN toolbox, Semantic memory, Hippocampus
La trame sonore du film Baby Driver : une esthétique de musicalisation intensifiée

L’emploi de morceaux musicaux préexistants est une pratique cinématographique courante. Eu égard à l’évolution des modes de diffusion et de consommation de la musique en régime numérique, il semble intéressant d’étudier l’usage des musiques populaires dans le cinéma contemporain. Pour cela, cet article prend appui sur l’analyse du film Baby Driver (Edgar Wright, 2017). J’explore d’abord plusieurs propositions théoriques qui cherchent à penser le cinéma contemporain par le prisme de la musique. Grâce aux outils développés par les études cinématographiques, et en particulier à certains concepts forgés par Michel Chion pour étudier les sons, j’analyse ensuite la configuration audiovisuelle spécifique du film. Je termine en évoquant l’intérêt du film à documenter des usages et des pratiques médiatiques musicales contemporaines. For a long time, filmmakers have used pre-existing musical pieces to soundtrack their movies. Yet given how digital technologies reshape the availability of music and its consumption, a new relationship between popular music and contemporary cinema may be emerging. Consequently, my article focuses on a case study: the analysis of Edgar Wright’s film Baby Driver (2017). To frame my research, I first examine the work of several academics who have theorized contemporary cinema through the lens of music. I then analyze the particular audiovisual configuration of Edgar Wright’s film thanks to notions used in film studies, especially in Michel Chion’s study of sounds. Finally, I consider the film’s depiction of contemporary musical devices as a kind of documentation of current media practices in music.

Keyphrases: Cinéma, Clips vidéo, Musicalisation, Umérique, Supports d’écoute, Diffusion / circulation / transferts, Mobilité, Cinema, Videos (music) / clips, Musicalization, Digitality, Media, Dissemination / circulation / transfers, Mobility