NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La québécité dans le théâtre contemporain Mythanalyse de Scotstown, Yukonstyle et Félicité

Ce mémoire aborde trois oeuvres du théâtre québécois contemporain, Scotstown de Fabien Cloutier, Yukonstyle de Sarah Berthiaume et Félicité d’Olivier Choinière dans le but de les comparer. Cette comparaison doit alimenter une réflexion sur le concept de québécité, que le présent mémoire définit comme la mise en place d’un traitement de l’identité qui encourage le développement d’une certaine ambivalence identitaire. En stipulant que les discours identitaires sont empreints de ce que Gérard Bouchard appelle les mythes sociaux, ce mémoire analyse le corpus proposé pour en extraire les parts rationnelles de ces mythes, mais aussi les parts émotionnelles, qui agissent comme fondation de l’identité au même titre que la raison. Ce faisant, ce mémoire a pour ambition de déplacer une perception de la québécité ancrée dans une tradition historique et politique influencée par le nationalisme pour ramener ce concept vers une définition plus large, mais aussi plus polysémique pour interpréter l’histoire de la dramaturgie québécoise, qui entretient depuis la Révolution tranquille un rapport ironiquement ambivalent à l’égard des discours identitaires. This memoir addresses three works of contemporary Quebec theatre, Fabien Cloutier’s Scotstown, Sarah Berthiaume’s Yukonstyle and Olivier Choinière’s Félicité, for the purpose of comparing them. This comparison must fuel a reflection on the concept of Quebec-ness, herein defined as the establishment of a treatment of identity promoting the development of an ambivalent identity. By providing that identity discourses are marked by what Gérard Bouchard calls “social myths”, this memoir analyses the proposed corpus with the intent of extracting the rational part of such myths along with their emotional parts, with both parts considered equally significant in the foundation identity. This memoir seeks to move away from common conceptions of Quebec-ness that are rooted in a political and historical tradition influenced by nationalism and proposes a more global definition of this concept, a definition that takes into account various meanings, allowing us to revisit the history of Quebec dramaturgy, as said dramaturgy ironically maintains an ambivalent position in regards to identity discourses since the Quiet Revolution.

Keyphrases: Théâtre québécois, Québécité, Histoire du théâtre, Identité, Théâtre contemporain, Mythe social, Quebec theatre, Contemporary theatre, Social myth, Quebec-ness, Theatre history, Identity
L'utilisation de l'argile dans l'architecture domestique et publique en Grèce antique : une étude d'un inventaire de sites archéologiques

Ce mémoire est une exploration du thème de l'utilisation de l'argile en architecture domestique et publique en Grèce Antique. À travers un inventaire de sites archéologiques, nous examinerons les différents vestiges présents qui démontrent l'utilisation de l'argile dans l'architecture, par exemple dans la production de briques d'argiles crues et dans les élévations en terre compactée. Ces vestiges sont très peu représentés archéologiquement et nous explorerons les raisons et questionnements amenés par cette faible présence. This thesis is an exploration about the use of earth, more precisely clay, in domestic and public architecture in ancient Greece. In a first time, we will review some publications about clay and the different uses that was made of it during Antiquity. Then, we will present some archaeological sites that show remains in clay, more precisely wall architecture of mud-brick, and adobe. This kind of remains is really rare in Greek archaeology, and through this thesis we will see why, try to solve some questions about it, and finally, talk about the future and conservation of these remains.

Keyphrases: Grèce antique, archéologie, argile, architecture domestique, mur, fondation, brique, revêtement mural, architecture publique, archaeology, clay, domestic architecture, public architecture, adobe, mud-brick, houses remains, wall foundation, wall, conservation, ancient Greece, Antiquity
Party Members as an Electoral Linking Mechanism

While party membership figures are clearly in decline in several Western countries, different interpretations have been offered on the likely consequences of this trend. Some authors stress that members have lost most of their importance for political parties that increasingly rely on professionalized campaign techniques. Other scholars have expressed concern about the decline of party membership. They emphasize the fact that party members continue to function as an important linkage mechanism providing a structural alignment between the party and society (and thus also to potential voters). By means of an election forecasting model for Belgium, we test whether party membership figures still can be related to election results. Results show that party membership has a strong effect on election results, and furthermore, that this relation does not weaken during the period under investigation (1981-2010). The analysis also demonstrates that forecasting models can also be used in a complex multiparty system like Belgium.

Keyphrases: Partis politiques, Belgique, Prévision, Élections, Adhésion
A.A. Milne - When We Were Very Young : cycle éclectique de chansons pour enfants, chanté par des enfants

When We Were Very Young est un recueil de poèmes écrit par A. A. Milne, que j’ai adapté en un cycle de chansons de styles diversifiés, pour le registre de la voix d'un enfant. Mon choix se justifie, d’une part, par le fait que ces poèmes n’ont jamais été adaptés dans leur intégralité et, d’autre part, par ma volonté de redonner à la génération d’aujourd’hui un héritage littéraire mis en une musique nouvelle. En travaillant les divers pastiches stylistiques, j’ai tenté d’élargir mes horizons musicaux, afin de trouver éventuellement ma propre voie. Ma musique est écrite pour être écoutée par un auditoire non averti, tout en visant le raffinement propre à une musique dite savante. La technique d’écriture employée se limite aux langages tonal et modal, de sorte à ne pas trop s’aventurer dans un discours harmonique trop complexe ou d’avant-garde. Par contre, là où je vois place à l’innovation, c’est sur le plan de la forme et de la texture. Tout en gardant un discours harmonique clair, ma démarche de compositeur cherche à briser le cadre rigide d’une forme de chanson à couplets et refrains, et de céder la place à une forme flexible, destinée à soutenir le détail de la prosodie, ainsi que les subtilités littéraires. De nos jours, la musique pour enfants se doit d’être presque simpliste, adaptée à un public estimé non intéressé par des sonorités plus riches et diversifiées. Bien que je conçoive que certains langages musicaux d’avant-garde sont effectivement trop complexes pour une oreille non entraînée, je crois tout de même possible de viser un niveau de composition qui, sans négliger l’auditoire, proposera à celui-ci des couleurs musicales nouvelles et intéressantes. When We Were Very Young is a collection of poems by A.A. Milne that I have adapted to a stylistically diversified children's songbook. This choice was made for many reasons: first, this cycle has never been put to music in it's entirety; second, to bring our generation a literary heritage in song form. By working on different pastiches, I have attempted to broad my musical horizons, in order to eventually find my own voice. My music is designed to be enjoyed by a musically untrained audience, while aiming for refinement in texture and harmony. Therefore, the composition techniques used are bound to be limited to tonal or modal harmonies, to avoid overly complex progressions and find an innovative approach to texture and form. While keeping a clear harmonic language, my approach as a composer is to break the rigid form of a verse-chorus-verse type song and become more attentive to the prosody and the linguistic subtleties. Today, children's music is considered simple and adapted to a public deemed uninterested by rich and diversified textures. While I understand that many contemporary languages are too complex for an average listener, I believe it is still possible to aim at a compositional level that offers to its audience new and interesting colors.

Keyphrases: Chanson, Tonal, Modal, Enfant, Poème, Cycle, Pastiche, Tonal, Modal, Cycle, Pastiche, Song, Children, Poem
Electoral Volatility, Political Sophistication, Trust and Efficacy

In this article we investigate voter volatility and analyze the causes and motives of switching vote intentions. We test two main sets of variables linked to volatility in literature; political sophistication and ‘political (dis)satisfaction’. Results show that voters with low levels of political efficacy tend to switch more often, both within a campaign and between elections. In the analysis we differentiate between campaign volatility and inter-election volatility and by doing so show that the dynamics of a campaign have a profound impact on volatility. The campaign period is when the lowly sophisticated switch their vote intention. Those with higher levels of interest in politics have switched their intention before the campaign has started. The data for this analysis are from the three wave PartiRep Belgian Election Study (2009).

Keyphrases: Sophistication politique, Volatilité électorale, Confiance, Vote, Belgique
The economic voter and economic crisis

Theories of economic voting have a long tradition in political science and continue to inspire a large group of scholars. Classical economic voting theory assumes a reward-and-punishment mechanism (Key, 1966). This mechanism implies that incumbents are more likely to stay in power under a good economy, but are cast out under a bad economy (Lewis-Beck and Stegmaier, 2000). The economy has repeatedly been shown to be a major determinant of electoral behavior (see especially the recent book by Duch and Stevenson, 2008), but the current economic crisis seems to provide a marked illustration of how the economy affects voting. In recent elections across the Western industrialized world, most ruling coalitions lost their majority. Opposition parties, on the other hand, whether right wing or left wing, have appeared to benefit from the economic downturn.

Keyphrases: Vote, Crise économique, Comportement électoral
Election Forecasting under Opaque Conditions

Election forecasting models assume retrospective economic voting and clear mechanisms of accountability. Previous research indeed indicates that incumbent political parties are being held accountable for the state of the economy. In this article we develop a ‘hard case’ for the assumptions of election forecasting models. Belgium is a multiparty system with perennial coalition governments. Furthermore, Belgium has two completely segregated party systems (Dutch and French language). Since the prime minister during the period 1974-2011 has always been a Dutch language politician, French language voters could not even vote for the prime minister, so this cognitive shortcut to establish political accountability is not available. Results of an analysis for the French speaking parties (1981-2010) show that even in these conditions of opaque accountability, retrospective economic voting occurs as election results respond to indicators with regard to GDP and unemployment levels. Party membership figures can be used to model the popularity function in election forecasting.

Keyphrases: Vote, Belgique, Adhésion
Contribution de la science forensique dans l’enquête sur les cambriolages résidentiels commis sur le territoire desservi par le SPVM

La lutte contre l'introduction par effraction dans un domicile n'est pas une priorité pour les services policiers qui ont d'autres crimes, jugés plus graves, à traiter. Cependant, plusieurs études se sont intéressées au phénomène et à son traitement judiciaire. De ces études, certaines ont mis leurs espoirs en la science forensique et son objet d’étude, la trace. L’augmentation des taux de résolution peut donc être atteinte grâce à l'exploitation des traces laissées par les suspects sur les scènes de crime et à leur intégration à l’enquête criminelle. Ce travail explore la contribution de la science forensique dans l’enquête sur les cambriolages résidentiels à travers les témoignages d’intervenants clés soit des enquêteurs et des techniciens en scène de crime du SPVM. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’enquête ne tire pas pleinement profit de l’utilisation de la science forensique et se limite à la résolution des cas individuels. Nous soutenons que pour mieux traiter les cambriolages, la police devrait miser sur l’analyse de la criminalité en exploitant les indices matériels et en les intégrant aux informations policières dans un processus de détection et de suivi de l’activité criminelle répétitive. Tackling residential burglary is not a priority for the police forces which have other crimes considered more serious, to deal with. Several studies have investigated the phenomenon and its judicial treatment. From these studies, some have put their hopes in forensic science to help increase detection rates. This study explores the contribution of forensic science in the investigation of residential burglaries through the testimonies of key stakeholders within the SPVM. Our results suggest that the criminal investigation is not taking full advantage of the use of forensic science and is limited to the detection of individual cases. We argue that to better address burglaries, the police should focus on crime analysis by exploiting the physical evidence and its integration to other law enforcement data in detecting and monitoring volume crime.

Keyphrases: Enquête, Cambriolages résidentiels, Science Forensique, Police, Police, Investigation, Forensic science, Residential burglary
Patient «difficile» ou «relation difficile»: Comment agir en physiothérapie?

Problématique: Plusieurs professionnels de la physiothérapie éprouvent des difficultés à traiter certains patients qu’ils qualifient de «difficiles». Ils manquent d’outils assurant une prise en charge globale de ces patients et cela peut créer un sentiment d’impuissance ou encore de frustration. Objectifs: L’objectif de ce travail est de donner des recommandations aux professionnels de la physiothérapie pour gérer différentes clientèles «difficiles» en tenant compte des normes éthiques et réglementaires encadrant leur pratique. Méthode: Une revue de cadrage, ainsi qu’une analyse éthique de quatre histoires de cas mettent en évidence certains enjeux éthiques et cliniques ainsi que des stratégies permettant une meilleure prise en charge de patients «difficiles» auxquels font face les professionnels. Résultats: Les principales recommandations proposées, sans être exhaustives, sont l’approche centrée sur le patient et le maintien d’une relation de confiance. L’approche centrée sur le patient favorise une relation thérapeutique saine et de partenariat avec les patients «difficiles». Aussi, les professionnels doivent assurer leur devoir déontologique de favoriser le bien-être du patient et d’éviter de lui nuire. Ils doivent être conscients de l’influence de leurs attitudes et comportements sur le patient ainsi que sur la relation thérapeutique. Conclusion: Avec ces recommandations, les professionnels seront en mesure d’effectuer une analyse critique, dont le but est d’améliorer leur prise en charge du patient «difficile» en fonction des besoins cliniques tout en respectant les droits du patient.

Keyphrases: Patient difficile, maladie mentale, douleur chronique, simulation, physiothérapie, communication, relation thérapeutique, approche centrée sur le patient, normes de pratique, modèle biopsychosocial
Resistance to colistin : what is the fate for this antibiotic in pig production?

Colistin, a cationic polypeptide antibiotic, has reappeared in human medicine as a last-line treatment option for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB). Colistin is widely used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. GNB resistant to colistin owing to chromosomal mutations have already been reported both in human and veterinary medicine, however several recent studies have just identified a plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene encoding for colistin resistance in Escherichia coli colistin resistance. The discovery of a non-chromosomal mechanism of colistin resistance in E. coli has led to strong reactions in the scientific community and to concern among physicians and veterinarians. Colistin use in food animals and particularly in pig production has been singled out as responsible for the emergence of colistin resistance. The present review will focus mainly on the possible link between colistin use in pigs and the spread of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. First we demonstrate a possible link between Enterobacteriaceae resistance emergence and oral colistin pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and its administration modalities in pigs. We then discuss the potential impact of colistin use in pigs on public health with respect to resistance. We believe that colistin use in pig production should be re-evaluated and its dosing and usage optimised. Moreover, the search for competitive alternatives to using colistin with swine is of paramount importance to preserve the effectiveness of this antibiotic for the treatment of MDR-GNB infections in human medicine.

Keyphrases: Colistin, Pigs, Escherichia coli, Resistance, Pharmacokinetic, Human
Impact of mash feeding versus pellets on propionic/butyric acid levels and on total Escherichia coli load in the gastrointestinal tract of growing pigs

Feed characteristics may influence the bacterial community composition and metabolic activities in the pig gastrointestinal tract, known to be associated with positive effects on the gut. Use of mash feed is associated with reduced Salmonella excretion, but little is known of its effect on the Escherichia coli population or of the mechanism of action. Our objectives were to assess the effect of feed texture combined with feed particle size on VFA profiles and levels, total E. coli count, and the presence of genes encoding virulence factors of pathogenic E. coli strains in the digestive tract along with their impact on pig performance of fattening pigs. Pigs (n = 840) on a commercial farm received mash or pellet diets of different particle sizes during the fattening period. Caecal and colon contents from 164 pigs were sampled at the slaughterhouse for enumeration of E. coli by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and for VFA quantification by capillary gas chromatography. The yccT gene was used to enumerate total E. coli. Improved pig performances associated with pellet texture and a 500-μm size were observed. Caecal (P = 0.02) and colon (P < 0.01) propionic acid concentrations were lower for pigs receiving pellet rather than mash feed. Similarly, caecal (P = 0.01) and colon (P < 0.001) butyric acid concentrations were also lower for pigs receiving pellet rather than mash feed, as determined by capillary gas chromatography. Moreover, caecal (P = 0.03) and colon (P < 0.001) butyric acid concentrations were higher for pigs receiving a feed with a 1,250-μm particle size rather than a 500-μm particle size. On the other hand, total caecal and colon E. coli levels were higher for pigs receiving pellet feed than for those receiving mash feed. For total E. coli enumeration, caecal (P < 0.01) and colon (P < 0.01) yccT gene copies were higher for pigs receiving pellet rather than mash feed. No effect of particle size on fatty acid concentrations or on E. coli numbers was observed. Virulence gene quantification revealed no trend. Taken together, results showed that mash feed is associated with lower growth performance but with favorable intestinal changes linked to VFA levels and E. coli reduction in the intestine.

Keyphrases: Escherichia coli, feed particle size, feed texture, pigs, pig performance, volatile fatty acid
Application of a new method in the study of pelvic floor muscle passive properties in continent women

The aim of this study was to present a new methodology for evaluating the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) passive properties. The properties were assessed in 13 continent women using an intra-vaginal dynamometric speculum and EMG (to ensure the subjects were relaxed) in four different conditions: (1) forces recorded at minimal aperture (initial passive resistance); (2) passive resistance at maximal aperture; (3) forces and passive elastic stiffness (PES) evaluated during five lengthening and shortening cycles; and (4) percentage loss of resistance after 1 min of sustained stretch. The PFMs and surrounding tissues were stretched, at constant speed, by increasing the vaginal antero-posterior diameter; different apertures were considered. Hysteresis was also calculated. The procedure was deemed acceptable by all participants. The median passive forces recorded ranged from 0.54 N (interquartile range 1.52) for minimal aperture to 8.45 N (interquartile range 7.10) for maximal aperture while the corresponding median PES values were 0.17 N/mm (interquartile range 0.28) and 0.67 N/mm (interquartile range 0.60). Median hysteresis was 17.24 N∗mm (interquartile range 35.60) and the median percentage of force losses was 11.17% (interquartile range 13.33). This original approach to evaluating the PFM passive properties is very promising for providing better insight into the patho-physiology of stress urinary incontinence and pinpointing conservative treatment mechanisms.

Keyphrases: Levator ani, Resting forces, Stiffness, Tone, Dynamometry, Continence