NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Bridging the gap between the mesoscopic 2D order–order transition and molecular-level reorganization in dot-patterned block copolymer monolayers

Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of amphiphilic block copolymers (BCs) form well-defined nanostructures with long-range order useful, for instance, for nanolithography applications. Nanostructures with a 2D circular micelle (“dot”) morphology are known to present a constant pressure plateau in their Langmuir isotherm (surface pressure vs molecular area curve at the air/water interface), indicative of a first-order transition. We have previously shown, with LB films of polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) and its supramolecular complex with 3-n-pentadecylphenol (PDP), that there is an order–order transition of the dots from hexagonal to square at the plateau. However, various literature results indicate that the molecular-level understanding of the transition is poorly understood. Here, using polarized infrared spectroscopy on the PS-P4VP/PDP system, we identify what molecular changes occur at the plateau. The only changes found are an edge-on to isotropic orientation of the pyridine rings and an increase in the level of P4VP hydrogen bonding with PDP; no changes are found in alkyl chain conformation or orientation. On the basis of these results and AFM observations of the film morphologies, we propose a new mechanism involving 2D to 3D folding of the P4VP chains on the water surface at the plateau pressure that connects the molecular changes with the hexagonal-square reorganization of the dot array. We further show how the model can be generalized to dot-forming LB films of pure PS-P4VP and other BC systems and even to BC monolayers obtained by spin-coating from dilute solutions. This study thus lays the foundation for a generalized fundamental understanding of dot-forming LB block copolymer films and enables predicting their behavior in order to precisely control their organization and, ultimately, their properties at different length scales.

Keyphrases: Block copolymers, Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers, Supramolecular complexes, Order-order transition, Infrared spectroscopy
Orientation and partial disentanglement in individual electrospun fibers : diameter dependence and correlation with mechanical properties

Electrospun fibers are versatile materials that exhibit unusual and tunable properties when studied at the single fiber level, including an exponential increase in modulus with a decreasing diameter toward the nanoscale. Understanding the detailed molecular organization giving rise to this behavior is a key for reaching the ultimate goal of controlling their properties and realizing their full potential as 1D materials. In particular, molecular orientation and chain disentanglement are thought to play a critical role, but their study in individual fibers has proven extremely challenging. Here, we quantify molecular orientation in more than 100 individual fibers of atactic polystyrene (PS) from the micro- to nanoscale by polarized Raman spectroscopy, and we probe for the first time a disentanglement-related conformation in the same spectra. We observe an exponential increase of both parameters when decreasing the fiber diameter below an impressively large onset of 2.5 μm, much larger than the typical onset values. The orientation quantified for 500 nm fibers is among the highest values ever reported for PS samples. A clear correlation is found with the previously published diameter dependence of modulus measured in individual PS fibers. Our results also highlight the longitudinal and radial structural heterogeneity of electrospun fibers and suggest separate mechanisms for molecular orientation and disentanglement, which is shown to be mainly situated in the fiber shell. Finally, we combine our observations in a model describing the evolution of chain organization with fiber diameter.

Keyphrases: Fibers, Raman spectroscopy, Molecular properties, Solvents, Conformation
La collaboration interprofessionnelle lors de la prise en charge d’un polytraumatisé à l’urgence : une revue de la littérature

Introduction : la collaboration interprofessionnelle (CIP) en contexte de traumatologie demeure un défi pour les professionnels de la santé qui doivent réagir avec rapidité et établir des priorités d’intervention selon les standards de pratique en traumatologie. Méthode : une revue de la littérature a été conduite en explorant les banques de données CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science et Pubmed en lien avec la traumatologie et la CIP afin de, principalement, faire l’état des connaissances relatives à la CIP en contexte de traumatologie. Résultats : un nombre significatif de références en lien avec la traumatologie (n=14), la CIP (n=38), puis en lien avec ces deux thématiques (n=15), ont été recensées et analysées. Conclusion : peu d’études se sont intéressées à la CIP en contexte de traumatologie. Les auteurs l’ayant fait semblent porter une attention particulière au rôle du team leader et à la compétence du leadership, tandis que d’autres se sont plutôt intéressés à la communication et aux perceptions des rôles des différents professionnels de la santé. En outre, ces écrits démontrent principalement qu’encore beaucoup de lacunes subsistent au sein des équipes interprofessionnelles en traumatologie, telles que la communication, la coordination des soins ainsi que la clarification des rôles. Introduction : interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in the context of trauma remains a challenge for health care professionals who must react quickly and prioritize interventions according to trauma practice standards. Methods : a review of the literature was conducted by exploring the CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Pubmed databases in relation to trauma and IPC in order to report on IPC knowledge in the context of traumatology. Results : a significant number of articles related to traumatology (n = 14), to IPC (n = 38) and then related to these two themes (n = 15) were identified and analyzed. Conclusion : few studies have addressed IPC in the context of trauma. The authors did seem to pay particular attention to the role of the trauma team leader and to the leadership competence, while others are more interested in communication and perceptions of the different health professional roles. In addition, these papers mainly demonstrate that many gaps remain within interprofessional trauma teams, such as communication, coordination of care and role clarification.

Keyphrases: Traumatologie, Polytraumatisme, Relations interprofessionnelles, Professionnels de la santé, Revue de la littérature, Interprofessionnal relations, Traumatology, Polytrauma, Health care providers, Literature review
Positive communication in a catastrophic crisis : the mixed effects of COVID-19 on the tone of Canadian governments’ media coverage

Crisis management strategies have taken a new significance amidst the COVID-19 crisis. In Canada, while the tone of media coverage of political leaders is usually stable over time, the pandemic has provoked variation that provides an opportunity to test the effect of leaders’ crisis management strategies on the tone of media coverage. Using a unique dataset of online front-page articles from 11 Canadian media outlets, an automated textual analysis, and a regression discontinuity design, this paper estimates how Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Quebec Premier François Legault’s COVID-19 early crisis management affected the media coverage devoted to them. Results show that Legault’s crisis management had a short-term positive effect on his media coverage, while Trudeau’s effect is null. These findings raise questions about the link between media, decision-makers and public opinion.

Keyphrases: Political communication, Media coverage, COVID-19 crisis
The effects of a strong desire to void on gait for incontinent and continent older
community-dwelling women at risk of falls

Aims The fall rate in urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and mixed UI (MUI) older women is higher when compared with that of continent women. One hypothesis is that a strong desire to void (SDV) could alter gait parameters and therefore increase the risk of falls. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of SDV on gait parameters in UUI/MUI and continent older women who experienced falls. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship between UI severity and gait parameters in incontinent women.  Methods A quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted with two groups of healthy community-dwelling women who experienced at least one fall in the last year: continent (n = 17; age: 74.1 ± 4.3) and UUI/MUI (n = 15; age: 73.5 ± 5.9). We recorded, analyzed, and compared spatiotemporal gait parameters for participants in each group with both SDV and no desire to void condition.  Results A pattern of reduced velocity (P = 0.05) and stride width (P = 0.02) was observed in both groups with SDV. Incontinence severity was correlated with reduced velocity (rs = −0.63, P = 0.01), increased stance time (rs= 0.65, P = .01) and stance time variability (rs = 0.65, P = .01) in no desire to void condition and with reduced velocity (rs = −0.56, P = .03) and increased stride length variability (rs = 0.54, P = .04) in SDV condition.  Conclusions SDV reduced gait velocity and stride width regardless of continence status in older women at risk of falls. Further, UI severity in the UUI/MUI women was correlated to reduced gait velocity and increased variability. Our findings could explain the higher fall rate in this population.

Keyphrases: Bladder sensation, Community-dwelling, Elderly women, Falls, Spatiotemporal gait parameters, Urgency, Urinary incontinence
Nonspecific interactions in biomedical applications

Nonspecific interactions play a major role in the microscale functioning of biological units. Exploiting these interactions in design and application of biomedical systems has been beneficial in different branches of biomedicine. In this review, recently designed biomedical systems that function mainly, or partially, based on nonspecific interactions, including but not limited to electrostatic, hydrophobic, and steric interactions, are discussed. The focus will be on the application of these interactions in biolubrication, bioadhesion and antifouling, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. The information gathered in this review can be helpful in guiding the readers in the direction that the field has been following in the past few years.

Keyphrases: Electrostatics, Drug delivery, Lubrication, Antifouling, Adhesion, Biomaterials
The association between pulsatile portal flow and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery : a retrospective cohort study

Objective:Venous congestion is a possible mechanism leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery. Portal veinflowpulsatility is an echographic marker of cardiogenic portal hypertension and might identify clinically significant organ congestion. Thisexploratory study aims to assess if the presence of portalflow pulsatility measured by transthoracic echography in the postsurgical intensive careunit is associated with AKI after cardiac surgery.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Specialized care university hospital.Participants:Patients who underwent cardiac surgery between May 2015 and February 2016 and had at least 1 Doppler assessment of portalflow performed by the attending critical care physician during the week following cardiac surgery.Interventions:The association between portalflow pulsatility defined as a pulsatility fractionZ50% and the risk of subsequent AKI wasassessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Measurements and Main Results:Thefiles of 132 consecutive patients were reviewed and 102 patients were included in the analysis. Significant portalflow pulsatility was detected in 38 patients (37.3%) in the week followingsurgery. During this period, 60.8% developed AKI and 13.7% progressed tosevere AKI. The detection of portalflow pulsatility was associated with an increased risk for the development of AKI (odds ration [OR] 4.31, confidenceinterval [CI] 1.50-12.35, p¼0.007). After adjustment, portalflow pulsatility and AKI were independently associated (OR 4.88, CI 1.54-15.47, p¼0.007).Conclusions:Assessment of portalflow using Doppler ultrasound at the bedside might be a promising tool to detect patients at risk for AKI dueto cardiogenic venous congestion.

Keyphrases: Cardiology and cardiac surgery, Intensive care, Heart failure, Acute kidney injury, Cardiorenal syndrome, Point-Of-Care ultrasound
Le pouvoir d'une idée entre luttes institutionnelles et luttes sociales : étude de l'évolution du droit à la ville au Brésil

Au Brésil, l'institutionnalisation de l'idée du droit à la ville se traduit par la promulgation de deux articles dans la Constitution en 1988 ainsi que par la promulgation de la loi du "Statut de la ville" en 2001. L'institutionnalisation de cette idée résulte de longues mobilisations des mouvements sociaux urbains au cours des années 1990. Toutefois, malgré l’institutionnalisation de l’idée du droit à la ville, sa mise en œuvre est faiblement assurée par l’État brésilien comme attendu par la société civile. En la présence de cette problématique, ce mémoire entend d’observer le changement idéationnel de l'idée du droit à la ville, dans sa trajectoire d'institutionnalisation, en tant qu'idée de politique publique portée par des acteurs de la société civile issus de la gauche brésilienne. Cette analyse part des postulats scientifiques selon lesquels l'influence des idées est sous-estimée dans les théories néo-institutionnelles. Les acteurs de l'institution et ceux hors de cette dernière, en véhiculant et luttant pour des idées, contribuent également à leur transformation. Ainsi, à partir d'entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées lors d'un terrain de recherche à Río de Janeiro ainsi qu'une analyse d'archives, je teste de manière empirique l'articulation du mécanisme de cadrage autour de l'idée du droit à la ville. In Brazil, the institutionalization of the idea of the right to the city resulted in the promulgation of two articles in the Constitution in 1988 as well as the promulgation of the law of the "Statute of the City" in 2001. The institutionalization of this idea is the result of long mobilizations of urban social movements during the 1990s. However, despite the institutionalization of the idea of the right to the city, its implementation is poorly ensured by the Brazilian state as expected by Civil society. Faced with this issue, this thesis intends to observe the ideational change of the idea of the right to the city, in its trajectory of institutionalization, as an idea of public policy carried by actors of civil society from the Brazilian left. This analysis starts from the scientific postulates according to which the influence of ideas is underestimated in neo-institutional theories. The actors of the institution and those outside it, by conveying and fighting for ideas, also contribute to their change. Thus, from semi-structured interviews carried out during a research field in Río de Janeiro as well as an archive analysis, I empirically test the articulation of the framing mechanism around the idea of the right to the city.

Keyphrases: Politiques publiques, Idées, Mouvements sociaux urbains, Droit à la ville, Cadrage, Brésil, Public policies, Ideas, Urban social movements, Right to the city, Framing, Brazil
Les historiens grecs de l’Empire romain d’Orient (IVe-VIIe siècles)

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux historiens classicisants de langue grecque de l’Antiquité tardive. Elle développe une analyse sociale de ces historiens et de leurs écrits. Son objectif principal est de souligner les interactions entre l’écriture de l’histoire, vu comme une pratique sociale, et la société romaine tardo-antique. La première partie dresse la biographie des historiens, d’Eunape de Sardes à Théophylacte Simocatta. Le profil social de ces historiens y est défini, et une attention particulière est portée aux liens entre activité littéraire et carrière professionnelle. La seconde partie étudie plus spécifiquement les élites provinciales tardo-antiques, groupe auquel appartiennent en majorité nos historiens. Elle explique pourquoi pratiquement tous les historiens étaient des avocats et comment ces derniers en venaient à écrire de l’histoire. La dernière partie analyse les fondements sociaux de l’histoire. Elle souligne ce que l’histoire devait à l’éducation tardo-antique et montre comment les vertus de l’historien reflétaient les vertus sociales attendues d’un membre de l’élite tardo-antique. The main objective of this dissertation is to offer a social analysis of the classicizing historians of late antiquity. It aims to underline the interactions between history-writing and society. The first part presents the biographies of late antique classicising historians, from Eunapius of Sardis to Theophylact Simocatta. It describes the social profile of those historians, while insisting on the interactions between professional career and literary endeavours. The second part explains why most historians were lawyers and analyzes the place history-writing occupies in their social life. The third part deals with the social foundations of history writing. It focuses on the role of rhetorical education in the formation of future historians and shows how the virtues of the historian mirrored the social virtues of late antique elites.

Keyphrases: Procope de Césarée, historiens classicisants, historiographie grecque, historiographie romaine, Agathias, Procopius of Caesarea, classicizing historians, Greek historiography, Roman historiography
Stratégies de légitimation des États de facto : l’industrie touristique en « République moldave de Pridnestrovie »

Ce mémoire étudie l’industrie touristique comme stratégie de légitimation interne et externe dans les États de facto. En nous basant plus particulièrement sur le cas de la Transnistrie, nous avons employé une analyse mixte se basant sur des données et politiques officielles ainsi que sur des observations photographiques obtenues directement sur le terrain. L’industrie touristique est une stratégie « deux en un » servant à la fois la construction des identités et s’adressant à un public interne et externe. Nos résultats font ressortir l’utilité de cette stratégie à des fins de légitimation tout en établissant l’existence de liens étroits entre le secteur touristique public et privé. Alors que le secteur public est concentré principalement vers la justification de l’existence de l’entité de facto et de son identité distincte, le secteur privé agit comme un agent de liaison avec le monde extérieur et selon les attraits commerciaux et économiques. Malgré l’existence d’une certaine opposition entre les secteurs de l’industrie touristique, nous soutenons qu’ils sont complémentaires et servent l’État transnistrien dans sa quête de légitimation interne et externe. This paper is interested in the study of tourism and its industry as a strategy for internal and external legitimization in de facto states. Using the particular case of Transnistria, we used a mixed analysis based on official data and policies as well as photographic observations obtained directly on the field. Tourism industry provides a "two-in-one" strategy, serving both identity and state formation and is aimed at both internal and external audiences. Our results highlight the usefulness of this strategy for legitimization purposes while establishing the existence of close links between the public and private tourism sectors. While the public sector is mainly focused on justifying the existence of the de facto state and its distinct identity, the private sector acts as a liaison with the outside world, and according to financial and economical gain. Despite the existence of some opposition between both sectors of the tourism industry, we argue that they are complementary and that they serve the Transnistrian state in its quest for internal and external legitimization.

Keyphrases: États de facto, Transnistrie, Tourisme, Construction des identités, Légitimation, Célébrations nationales, Espace public symbolique, De facto states, Transnistria, Tourism, Nation-building, Legitimization, National holidays, Symbolic public space
Semantics of the gendered body at the IOC’s Medical Commission between 1967 and 1972

Ce mémoire porte sur les tests de féminité dans le sport de haut niveau. Plus particulièrement, les tests qui ont été menés par le Comité Olympique International (COI). Cette étude débute avec un survol historique des classifications du corps en sciences biomédicales et en sciences sociales, ainsi que de la place des femmes dans le sport et des tests de féminités. Ensuite, à travers une analyse de contenu des procès-verbaux, correspondances, et études présentées à la Commission Médicale du COI entre 1967 et 1972, cette recherche relève six catégories de discours sur le corps. Les résultats de cette analyse se déploient en deux temps : d’abord les discours à propos du corps et les différences de sexe et ensuite le rapport entre le corps et les membres de la Commission Médicale. Les trois discours relevés par rapport au corps sont : « la nature polymorphe du corps», « le corps comme dimorphique », et « le corps anormal ». Les discours par rapport à la relation entre corps et la commission médicale sont : « le corps comme objet scientifique », « le corps comme catégorie abstraite », et « le corps comme objet de préoccupation éthique ». This thesis focuses on gender testing in high-level sport. More specifically, those conducted by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). I begin with a historical contextualization of the various classifications of the body biomedical and social sciences have put forward. Then, through a content analysis of the minutes, correspondences, and studies read by the Medical Commission between 1967 and 1972, I highlight six categories of discourse on the body. These are divided into two types of categories: first the ways in which the body and sex differences are talked about; then, the relationship between the body and the members of the Medical Commission. The three types of discourses relating to the body are: “the polymorphic nature of the body", "the body as dimorphic", and "the abnormal body". Discourses on the relationship between the abnormal body are: "the body as scientific object", “the body as abstract category”, and "the body as an object of ethical concern".

Keyphrases: Sport, Sex, Sexe, Tests de féminité, Olympisme, Corps, Analyse de contenu, CIO, Gender-testing, IOC, Sport, Gender, Sex, Body, Women athletes, Olympics, Feminist epistemology, Content analysis, Sportives, Genre