NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
Friendships and deviancy training in young children

Purpose The purpose of this study was to test a new approach to deviancy training, that is, the shaping and reinforcing of disruptive behaviors in social interaction, which considers not only reinforcement, but also the modeling processes involved, as well as children's roles as either providers or receivers of the training.  Design/methodology/approach Using teacher reports and observations from a semi-naturalistic experimental setting with young children, the authors examined the prevalence of provided and received modeling and positive reinforcement, as well as the concurrent contribution of behavior problems on these processes in friendship dyads using a convenience sample of six-year-old twins (N=783; 386 boys). Frequency analyses and linear and logistic regressions were conducted.  Findings Results indicated that modeling and positive reinforcement – provided and received – were prevalent in this low-risk sample, that behavior problems were associated mainly with provided dimensions, and that deviancy training processes were also displayed between disruptive and non-disruptive children.  Practical implications Findings are relevant to peer-oriented programs designed to prevent antisocial behaviors. Prevention should target these mixed friendships where deviant behavior likely begins.  Originality/value This study provides preliminary support for a new measure of deviancy training, underscores the importance of the roles taken by children, and shows that deviancy training takes place between disruptive and non-disruptive young children.

Keyphrases: Reinforcement, Social learning, Modelling, Behaviour problems, Childhood, Deviancy training
Le véganisme au Québec : cartographie d'un mouvement

Dans un contexte d’intérêt croissant pour le véganisme en Occident, cette recherche exploratoire se propose de brosser le portrait des acteurs collectifs du mouvement végane québécois. Loin d’être une pratique individuelle seulement, le véganisme est porté, au Québec, par différents groupes (groupes de base, organisations à but non lucratif et organismes de charité) qui défendent aussi bien les droits des animaux que la nécessité de se tourner vers une alimentation végétale pour la santé et l’environnement. À l’aide d’une analyse de réseaux, nous définirons, sur le plan organisationnel, la configuration du mouvement et ses frontières, montrant la présence d’une structure fragmentée. La recherche se proposera par la suite de cerner les éléments constitutifs de l’identité collective du mouvement, qui repose sur une idée revendiquée plus ou moins frontalement : l’abolition de l’exploitation animale. Cette identité s’incarne dans des actions diverses, non violentes et la plupart du temps légales, qui ciblent tant la culture dominante, c’est-à-dire la consommation normalisée de produits animaux, que les sphères politiques et juridiques, malgré l’absence relative du mouvement dans l’arène politique conventionnelle. In the context of growing interest in veganism and animal advocacy in Western countries, the research focuses on the current vegan movement in Quebec. Far from being only an individual-level practice, veganism in Quebec is led by collective actors such as grassroots groups, non-profit organizations and charities. These organizations both advocate for animal rights and promote a plant-based diet for health and environmental reasons. We will define the movement’s structure and boundaries at an organizational level, using network analysis, and showing a fragmented structure. The research will then assess some constituent parts of the movement’s collective identity, centered around abolishing animal exploitation. This collective identity is embodied in various non-violent and often legal actions targeting dominant culture (i.e., the normalized consumption of animal products) and the legal and political spheres. Yet, the movement is still relatively absent on the conventional political scene.

Keyphrases: Véganisme, Québec, Mouvement social, Mouvement lifestyle, Analyse de réseaux, Identité collective, Cause animale, Veganism, Social movement, Lifestyle movement, Network analysis, Collective identity, Animal advocacy
The CODAT wins project : the current status and recent findings of collaborative project of development of anthropometrical measures in twins

The COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) project is a large international collaborative effort to analyze individual-level phenotype data from twins in multiple cohorts from different environments. The main objective is to study factors that modify genetic and environmental variation of height, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ) and size at birth, and additionally to address other research questions such as long-term consequences of birth size. The project started in 2013 and is open to all twin projects in the world having height and weight measures on twins with information on zygosity. Thus far, 54 twin projects from 24 countries have provided individual-level data. The CODATwins database includes 489,981 twin individuals (228,635 complete twin pairs). Since many twin cohorts have collected longitudinal data, there is a total of 1,049,785 height and weight observations. For many cohorts, we also have information on birth weight and length, own smoking behavior and own or parental education. We found that the heritability estimates of height and BMI systematically changed from infancy to old age. Remarkably, only minor differences in the heritability estimates were found across cultural– geographic regions, measurement time and birth cohort for height and BMI. In addition to genetic epidemiological studies, we looked at associations of height and BMI with education, birth weight and smoking status. Within-family analyses examined differences within same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins in birth size and later development. The CODATwins project demonstrates the feasibility and value of international collaboration to address gene-by-exposure interactions that require large sample sizes and address the effects of different exposures across time, geographical regions and socioeconomic status.

Keyphrases: Twins, International comparisons, Heritability, Height, BMI, Birth size, Education
Impact of a social skills program on children’s stress : a cluster randomized trial

Background: Most preschool children in Western industrialized countries attend child care during the day while parents work. Studies suggest that child care may be stressful to young children, perhaps because they still lack the social skills to interact daily in a group setting away from parents. This gap in social abilities may be greater for children in lower-income families, who may face more adversity at home, with fewer resources and more social isolation.  Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial in 2013-2014 to test whether a social skills intervention led by early childhood educators within the child care center could reduce diurnal cortisol levels to more typical patterns expected of children this age. We randomized 19 public child care centers (n = 361 children) in low-income neighborhoods of Montreal, Canada, to either: 1) the Minipally program - intervention group (n = 10 centers; 186 children), or 2) waiting list - control group (n = 9 centers; 175 children). Saliva samples for cortisol levels were collected 3 times/day, pre- and post-implementation. The Minipally puppet program consists of 2 workshops/month for 8 months for the development of social skills and self-regulation in 2-5-year-olds, with reinforcement activities between workshops. Educators received 2-days' training and 12 h' supervision in Minipally.  Results: Linear mixed models for repeated measures revealed a significant interaction between intervention status and time of day of cortisol sampling (β = -0.18, p = 0.04). The intervention group showed patterns of decreasing diurnal cortisol secretion (β = -0.32, p < 0.01), whereas the control group showed increasing slopes (β = 0.20, p < 0.01). Moreover, family income was a moderator; children in lower-income families benefited most from the intervention.  Conclusion: Results suggest that a social skills training program, when integrated into a preschool education curriculum, can foster an environment more conducive to typical childhood patterns of cortisol secretion.

Keyphrases: Child care, Cortisol, Daycare, Diurnal cortisol, Low income, Social skills training
Synthèse biocatalytique de macrocycles planaires chiraux

Les macrocycles représentent une catégorie chimique unique en chimie organique et ils possèdent des applications dans les industries pharmaceutique et agrochimique, en parfumerie, et dans les matériaux. Une propriété importante des macrocycles est la possibilité de démontrer de la chiralité planaire menant à des atropoisomères distincts aux propriétés uniques. Très peu de techniques générales existent pour le contrôle de l’atropoisomérisme au sein des macrocycles, rendant leur synthèse un véritable défi. Nous avons accompli le premier exemple d’une synthèse biocatalytique énantio- et atroposélective de p-cyclophanes planaires chiraux. En utilisant une lipase immobilisée commercialement disponible (CALB) et des matériaux de départ pro-chiraux simples, nous avons été en mesure de générer 23 différentes structures avec des rendements entre 11 et 88 %. Des analyses SFC ont permis l’évaluation de l’énantioenrichissement des différents macrocycles, étant compris entre 96 et >99 % ee. Surtout, les macrocycles planaires chiraux ayant des substituants de type halogène ou borylé peuvent subir de la diversification moléculaire au-delà des limites tolérées par l’enzyme. Notre découverte ouvre la porte à l’utilisation de biocatalyseurs pour le contrôle de l’atropoisomérisme lors de la formation de structures macrocycliques. Macrocycles represent a unique chemotype in organic chemistry, with applications ranging from pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, aromachemicals and material science. An important property of macrocycles is the possibility of displaying planar chirality yielding distinct atropisomeric structures with unique properties. Very few generalized techniques capable of controlling atropisomerism in macrocycles exist, rendering their synthesis extremely challenging. We have achieved the first example of enantio- and atroposelective biocatalytic synthesis of planar chiral p-cyclophanes. Employing a commercially available immobilized lipase (CALB) and simple pro-chiral starting materials, we were able to generate 23 different structures with yields ranging from 11 to 88 %. SFC analysis permitted evaluation of the enantioenrichment of the different macrocycles, which ranged from 96 to >99 % ee. Importantly, planar chiral macrocycles having halogen or borylated substituents are capable of molecular diversification outside the boundaries of what may be tolerated by the enzyme. Our discovery paves the way for the use of biocatalysts in the control of atropisomerism during macrocycle formation.

Keyphrases: atropisomérisme, biocatalyse, cyclophanes, macrocycles, cyclophanes, macrocycles, atropisomerism, biocatalysis
Dimérisation photocatalytique d’alcynes pour la synthèse de 1,3-énynes

Ce mémoire présente une nouvelle méthode pour la synthèse de 1,3-énynes par dimérisation d’alcynes terminaux. La méthode de synthèse utilisée est la métallaphotorédox, une technologie qui s’est largement développée au cours des dernières années. Celle-ci nécessite l’utilisation de la lumière visible comme source d’énergie, un photocatalyseur qui peut absorber la lumière ainsi qu’un catalyseur métallique qui peut interagir avec le photocatalyseur.  La dimérisation d’alcyne peut être achevée en soumettant un alcyne terminal face à de la lumière bleue en présence du photocatalyseur 4CzIPN, du catalyseur Co(BF4)2·6H2O, du ligand DPPP et de la base DIPEA qui fait office d’anode sacrificielle, dans l’acétonitrile. Les réactions d’homo-dimérisation (un alcyne avec un autre alcyne identique) fournissent des rendements de 48 à 90 % avec un rapport E:Z de >99:1 pour l’ényne formé. Des réactions d’hétéro-dimérisation (un alcyne avec un alcyne différent) peuvent également être effectuées entre un alcyne aliphatique ou aromatique et un alcyne de silyle (TMS ou TIPS) et les rendements varient de 47 à 99 % avec un rapport E:Z de >99:1 pour l’ényne formé. Cette méthodologie a ensuite été appliquée pour des réactions de macrocyclisation. Trois macrocycles à 17, 18 et 19 chaînons ont pu être synthétisés de cette manière avec des rendements respectifs de 25, 91 et 37 %. This thesis presents a new methodology for the synthesis of 1,3-enynes by dimerization of terminal alkynes. The synthetic method used is based on metallaphotoredox, a technology that was largely developed during the last few years. The latter uses visible light as an energy source, a photocatalyst that can absorb the light and a metal-based catalyst that interacts with the photocatalyst. The dimerization of alkyne can be achieved by submitting a terminal alkyne under blue light irradiation in the presence of the photocatalyst 4CzIPN, the catalyst Co(BF4)2·6H2O, the ligand DPPP and the base DIPEA which is used as a sacrificial anode, in acetonitrile. The reactions of homo-dimerization (one alkyne with an identical alkyne) provides yields ranging from 48 to 90 % and a E:Z ratio of >99:1 for the resulting enyne. Reactions of hetero-dimerization (one alkyne with a different alkyne) can also be achieve with an aliphatic or aromatic alkyne and a silyl alkyne (TMS or TIPS) with yields ranging from 47 to 99 % and a E:Z ratio of >99:1 for the resulting enyne. This methodology was then applied for macrocyclization reactions. Macrocycles with 17-, 18- and 19- members ring were synthesized that way, with yield of 25, 91 and 37 % respectively.

Keyphrases: Alcynes, Dimérisation, Métallaphotorédox, Macrocyclisation, Cobalt, Alkynes, Dimerization, Metallaphotoredox, Macrocyclization
Le Centre des auteurs dramatiques (CEAD) : action structurante et trajectoire (1965-1980)

L’influence du Centre des auteurs dramatiques (CEAD) sur l’émergence et le devenir de la dramaturgie québécoise et franco-canadienne est indéniable. Pourtant, sa trajectoire de même que son action sur la dramaturgie n’ont jusqu’ici fait l’objet d’aucune étude approfondie. Ce mémoire propose donc, à partir d’une analyse détaillée des archives mêmes du CEAD, une première étude historique de ses quinze premières années d’existence, de 1965, année de sa fondation, à 1980. Nous tâchons de cerner, dans un premier temps, la conjoncture particulière à partir de laquelle a été créé l’organisme afin de mettre au jour sa singularité et de comprendre la façon dont les fondateurs, qui sont des auteurs dramatiques, ont réfléchi leur inscription dans le milieu théâtral. Nous proposons, dans un deuxième temps, une analyse de la trajectoire du CEAD durant la période courte, mais mouvementée, de 1968 à 1980, alors que l’organisme, aux visées plus corporatistes que politiques, devra conjuguer avec l’émergence fulgurante du théâtre engagé et du mouvement de la création collective qui rejette notamment la figure de l’auteur dramatique. Ce mémoire se veut une contribution aux recherches historiques sur le théâtre au Québec. The influence of the Centre des auteurs dramatiques (CEAD) on the emergence and future of Quebec and French-Canadian theatre is undeniable. However, its trajectory, as well as its action, have not yet been the subject of an in-depth study. This thesis therefore proposes, based on a detailed analysis of the CEAD archives themselves, a first historical study of its first fifteen years of existence, from 1965, the year it was founded, to 1980. We first try to identify the particular context from which the organization was created in order to reveal its uniqueness and to understand how the founders, who are all playwrights, reflected on their place in the theatre community. We then propose an analysis of the trajectory of the CEAD during the short but turbulent period from 1968 to 1980, when the organization, with more corporatist than political aims, had to deal with the dazzling emergence of the committed theatre and the movement of collective creation, rejecting in particular the figure of the dramatic author. This thesis is intended as a contribution to historical research on theatre in Quebec.

Keyphrases: Théâtre québécois, Dramaturgie, Historiographie théâtrale, Auteur dramatique, Centre des auteurs dramatiques (CEAD), Centre des auteurs dramatiques (CEAD), Quebec theatre, dramaturgy, theatrical historiography, playwright
Gigantisme naval et ports d'escale : un nouveau paradigme

La croissance de la taille des porte-conteneurs et leur déploiement sur les grandes routes maritimes mondiales est une réalité. Actuellement, la croissance de la capacité des porte-conteneurs a atteint 21 413 EVP, et les carnets de commandes laissent présager une tendance vers des navires encore plus grands. Par exemple, le transporteur CMA CGM devrait recevoir neuf nouveaux porte-conteneurs de 23 000 EVP d'ici la fin de l’année 2020. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de caractériser le mouvement des méga porte-conteneurs sur plusieurs routes maritimes, avec différents transporteurs et régions du monde. Cet objectif comporte deux volets; le premier porte sur l’analyse de la variabilité du temps des escales de méga-navires dans les ports, et le deuxième fait l’étude de la planification des routes de méga-navires pour les transporteurs maritimes. Les données historiques du mouvement d'un grand échantillon de méga-navires ont été analysées en vue de répondre à une série de questions permettant de structurer la recherche. Cette dernière permettra entre autres d’identifier les ports recevant des escales de méga-navires, d’évaluer la variabilité des temps d’escale ainsi que de présenter l’architecture des routes maritimes de ce type de navires. Enfin, cette étude permet de différencier la productivité des ports d'escale, des régions du monde et des transporteurs sur plusieurs routes maritimes. The growth in the size of container vessels and their deployment is a reality. Currently, the growth of container ships is at 21 413 TEUs, and the order books for ever larger vessels portend an even greater trend towards larger vessels. For instance, CMA CGM will be delivered nine new 23 000 TEU container ships by the end of 2020. The objective of this paper is to characterize the movement of ultra-large container vessels (ULCV) on several shipping routes, with different carriers and regions of the world. This objective is two-fold; the first part deals with the variability of the dwell time of ULCV in the ports, and the second deals with the planning of ULCV routes for each maritime carrier. Historical data of the movement of a large sample of ULCV was analysed with a view to address a series of key issues. Here are some of these issues: What are the mains ports of call? What is the variability of dwell time between the ports of call? What are the routing patterns of mega containers vessels? This study will allow us to differentiate productivity of different ports of call, regions and shipping carriers on many shipping lanes.

Keyphrases: Méga-navire, Porte-conteneur, Conteneur, Temps d'escale, Performance temps, Transporteur maritime, Service maritime, Megaships, ULCV, Container, Port of call, Dwell time, Turnaround time, Transshipment, Maritime services
La mémoire et son paysage minéral : des images stratigraphiques explorées par la parole

Ce projet de recherche-création en cinéma porte sur l’histoire d’une ancienne ville minière. En 1971, un glissement de terrain provoqué par les excavations d’une exploitation minière emporte une partie de la ville d’Asbestos (et de son histoire) au fond du trou. Cet événement hautement symbolique est devenu le point d’ancrage d’une problématique sur la représentation de la mémoire collective au cinéma.  En écartant une approche « archiviste » du cinéma documentaire (images et enregistrements du passé), j’ai cherché à faire voir ce qui avait disparu dans le paysage matériel d’Asbestos, mais qui subsistait pourtant dans la mémoire des citoyens. Trois grands axes ont structuré mon projet.  1) Peut-on faire voir le passé d’Asbestos avec des images de son paysage actuel?  2) Est-il possible que la parole vernaculaire soit le meilleur moyen de faire (re)vivre et de faire (re)voir les expériences d'une communauté?  3) Est-ce dans l’interaction entre les images du présent et la parole des témoins de l’histoire que l’on peut révéler un passé disparu? This film research-creation project focuses on the history of a former mining town. In 1971, a landslide triggered by the excavations of the adjacent mine swept part of the town of Asbestos – and its history – to the bottom of the pit. This symbolic incident serves as the basis for an exploration of how best to represent collective memory in film. In eschewing the archival approach of documentary cinema (using images and audio recordings from the past), I have tried to show what has disappeared from the town’s physical landscape yet is still very present in the memory of its inhabitants. My project is underpinned by three main questions: 1) Can Asbestos’s past be evoked through images of its current landscape? 2) Could capturing the spoken words of its inhabitants be the best way to bring a community’s experiences back to life and share them with others? 3) Can a bygone past be revealed through the interplay of present images and vernacular accounts of recent or distant history?

Keyphrases: histoire, communauté, oralité, parole, souvenir, remémoration, Asbestos, Remembrance, mémoire, mine, strates, Asbestos, Memory, History, Community, Orality, Speech, Layer, Geology