NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
A secure base from which to regulate: Attachment security in toddlerhood as a predictor of executive functioning at school entry

In light of emerging evidence suggesting that the affective quality of       parent-child relationships may relate to individual differences in young       children's executive functioning (EF) skills, the aim of this study was to       investigate the prospective associations between attachment security in       toddlerhood and children's EF skills in kindergarten. Mother-child dyads (N =       105) participated in 2 toddlerhood visits in their homes, when children were 15       months and 2 years of age. Mother-child attachment security was assessed with the       Attachment Q-Sort during both these visits. When children were in kindergarten       (ages 5-6), they were administered a battery of EF tasks, and their teachers       completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function to assess       children's EF problems. The results indicated that kindergarteners who were more        securely attached to their mothers in toddlerhood showed better performance on       all EF tasks, and were considered by their teachers to present fewer EF problems        in everyday school situations. These results held above family socioeconomic       status (SES) and child age, sex, and general cognitive functioning. The fact that       early attachment security uniquely predicted both teacher reports and children's        objective EF task performance suggests that parent-child attachment may be a       promising factor to consider in the continuing search for the social antecedents        of young children's EF.

Keyphrases: Attachment security, Executive functioning, Kindergarten, School entry.
Les couples féminins dans les lieux publics : la peur d'être visible

Cet article présente des résultats préliminaires d’une recherche effectuée dans le cadre d’un mémoire de maîtrise portant sur les couples féminins dans les lieux publics en Estrie. L’objectif primaire de la recherche est de déterminer et de comprendre les stratégies communicationnelles employées par les femmes en couple avec une autre femme lorsqu’elles se trouvent dans des lieux publics. L’étude a été réalisée à l’aide de neuf entretiens compréhensifs individuels avec des femmes de 25 à 35 ans en couple avec une autre femme. Il est principalement question dans cet article d’une première conclusion marquante de l’étude, soit le désir et le besoin pour la majorité des participantes à l’étude d’être invisibles lorsqu’elles sont avec leur conjointe en public. La raison première de cette invisibilité est la peur : peur de déranger, peur d’être harcelée, peur que leur visibilité nuise à leur travail. Ces peurs seraient influencées en partie par la personnalité des femmes et par l’influence d’une société hétéronormative.

Keyphrases: Homosexualité, Couples féminins, (In)visibilité, Communication interpersonnelle, Lieux publics
“Invasive” and “Non-invasive” Technologies in Neuroscience Communication

Cet article analyse une distinction faite fréquemment dans les situations de communication en neurosciences : l’emploi des termes “invasif” ou “non-invasif” pour qualifier les techniques d’observation du cerveau. Un jugement de valeur implicite ou explicite accompagnant ces termes, l’adjectif de “non-invasif” a pu être utilisé à des fins de promotion du progrès technique, en particulier à propos des nouvelles techniques d’imagerie apparues ces dernières décennies. Nous étudions ici les interactions entre experts scientifiques et la sphère politique. L’analyse porte sur plusieurs rapports d’expertise concernant les neurosciences, issus de différents comités en France. Nous montrons que la signification des termes “invasif” et “non-invasif” varie selon le contexte, c’est-à-dire en fonction de la nature du discours, des techniques en comparaison ou des parties engagées dans la discussion. La définition de ce qui est à concevoir comme invasif ou non-invasif devient un enjeu stratégique et peut ainsi changer selon les méthodes privilégiées par les experts participants à ces comités ou conseils. This paper analyzes a common distinction in neuroscience communication: the labels “invasive” and “non-invasive” attributed to brain-observation technologies. Because an implicit or explicit value judgment accompanies the term “non-invasive,” it has been used to promote technological progress, especially new brain-imaging techniques that have appeared in recent decades. This study’s material comes from interactions between some expert scientists and the political sphere. Expert reports on neuroscience from different advisory bodies in the French public sector have been collected and analyzed for use of the distinction between invasive and non-invasive. The paper shows that the meaning of these widely used labels varies according to the context, e.g., status of discourse, technologies compared, or stakeholders engaged in the discussion. The definition of what is understood as invasive or non-invasive becomes a strategic issue and can thus vary according to the methodologies favoured by experts participating in national advisory boards or councils.

Keyphrases: communication scientifique, responsabilité scientifique, technologie d’imagerie cérébrale, représentation du corps, neuroéthique, scientific communication, scientific responsibility, brain imaging technologies, body representation, neuroethics
La reconstruction identitaire et le rôle du Canada dans l’œuvre migrante de Walter Bauer : une contribution à l’étude de la littérature germano-canadienne

L’œuvre migrante de Walter Bauer, immigrant allemand ayant quitté l’Allemagne en 1952 et s’étant établi à Toronto, est digne d’intérêt, car elle exprime le malaise de l’auteur face à sa situation d’exilé. Bauer, amoureux de l’Allemagne et de sa culture, doit en effet tenter de vivre avec la honte du passé nazi de son pays natal. Incapable de faire cohabiter l’amour et la honte, Bauer fait donc face à une crise identitaire à laquelle il répond en tentant de se reconstruire une identité nouvelle. Le Canada y jouera un rôle à la fois positif et négatif. C’est de ce rôle du pays d’accueil pour la réussite de l’écrivain migrant dans sa quête identitaire dont il sera question dans ce mémoire de maitrise. En nous appuyant tant sur le poids du passé pour l’auteur que sur l’espoir qu’il porte en ses possibilités de reconstruction identitaire au Canada, nous pourrons faire ressortir l’idéal identitaire de Bauer : être un homme des deux pays, chez lui sur les deux continents. En analysant le traitement de l’expérience immigrante que nous retrouvons dans son œuvre, nous arrivons à la conclusion que le choc de la réalité vient cependant mettre à rude épreuve cet idéal et, ultimement, l’empêche de le concrétiser. L’idéal de l’auteur, né du contact de la fracture identitaire suite à la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et de l’espoir d’une nouvelle naissance représenté par un Canada idéalisé, est donc rendu impossible à cause du Canada réel qui le met dans une situation d’aliénation. German-Canadian Walter Bauer’s writings are a striking example of the identity struggle he faced as an exiled person. Walter Bauer, who profoundly loved his native country, Germany, and its culture, had to learn to live with the shame inherited from the National-socialist regime. In his work, he is incapable of reconciling his beloved Germany with the horrors of the war and is faced with an identity crisis, leaving him with the need to rebuild his identity. His host country, Canada, played an ambivalent role in this quest, both positive and negative. This master’s thesis explores the role of Canada in the identity quest of the migrant writer Walter Bauer. By analysing both the burden of the German past and the promise of renewal given by Canada, it describes the identity ideal towards which Bauer strived: to be a man from both Canada and Germany, to be at ease on both continents. The way in which the author represents the immigrant experience through his work leads us to conclude that the clash with reality ultimately questions this ideal. The writer’s identity crisis, resulting from the Second World War and his false hopes of a new beginning in an idealised Canada, ends in alienation lived.

Keyphrases: Littérature migrante, Littérature canadienne, Littérature allemande, Exil, Identité, Reconstruction identitaire, Exil, Immigration, Migrant literature, Canadian literature, German literature, Exile, Identity, Identity reconstruction
Sa disparition, suivi de fragmentation, répétition, subversion : le procédé du sampling chez Olivier Cadiot

Le matin du 28 avril, la narratrice se présente au centre où est hébergée sa grand-mère, Aline Martin, mais celle-ci a disparu. Sous le choc, la jeune femme refuse de quitter la résidence tant que sa grand-mère n’aura pas été retrouvée. Le récit de Sa disparition se construit alors autour de fragments de discours puisés dans le champ du réel - entrevues d’aînés en résidence, forums en ligne de soutien aux familles, politiques ministérielles, rapports d’organismes, reportages journalistiques - et prend les aspects d’une enquête dont l’objectif ne sera pas tant de retrouver Aline, mais d’éclairer les discours qui se sont construits dans l’espace politique afin de justifier la disparition des personnes âgées de notre radar social. Ce récit fragmentaire s’apparente au procédé du sampling chez Olivier Cadiot par lequel il rassemble, agence et bouscule des objets oraux et textuels pour tenter de désarticuler les discours ambiants invasifs. L’essai examine cette pratique du sampling chez Cadiot en analysant trois aspects du roman Le colonel des zouaves : la subversion des citations, la structure en boucles et la fragmentation du sujet. On the morning of April 28th, the narrator arrives at the center where her grandmother, Aline Martin, has been living, only to find that she has disappeared. Deeply shaken, the young woman refuses to leave the residence until her grandmother has been found. The story of Sa disparition builds itself around fragments of discourses drawn from various sources – interviews with residents in care centres, on-line family support groups, ministry policies, reports from NGOs, journalistic coverage – and becomes an investigation whose goal is not so much to find Aline as to shed light on the discourses that have been constructed in our political space in order to justify the disappearance of the elderlies from our social radar. This fragment-based writing is related to Olivier Cadiot’s sampling method, by which he collects, organizes and shakes up oral and textual objects in an attempt to disarticulate prevailing discourses. The essay examines Cadiot’s sampling method by analysing three important aspects of his novel Le colonel des zouaves: the subversion of citations, the loop structure and the fragmentation of the subject.

Keyphrases: personnes âgées, enquête, disparition, sampling, Olivier Cadiot, citation, fragment, CHSLD, disparition, sampling, Olivier Cadiot, citation, fragment, elderly people, investigation, disappearance
Entre proximité et distance : comique et rire bergsonien dans le théâtre de Fabien Cloutier

Le théâtre de Fabien Cloutier suscite abondamment le rire chez les spectateurs, mais ce rire est, très souvent, accompagné d'un sentiment de malaise qui investit la salle. Quel rôle joue le comique dans les pièces de Fabien Cloutier et quelle est la fonction du rire des spectateurs lors des représentations ? Ce mémoire postule que le rire, tel que provoqué par le théâtre de Fabien Cloutier, joue un rôle fondamentalement critique. À partir des dynamiques à la fois d’identification et de distanciation mises en œuvre par le théâtre de Fabien Cloutier, ce mémoire propose d’étudier la fonction critique du rire dans les pièces Scotstown, Cranbourne, Billy [Les jours de hurlement] et Pour réussir un poulet à la lumière de la théorie bergsonienne du rire, qui conçoit le rire comme un correctif social. Fabien Cloutier’s plays spark copious laughter in spectators, but said laughter is often accompanied by a sense of discomfort which takes over the theatre. What part does the comic play in Fabien Cloutier’s work, and what is the function of audience members’ laughter during performances? This paper argues that laughter, as provoked by Fabien Cloutier’s theatre, serves a fundamentally critical purpose. Using the dynamics of both identification and distanciation at play in Fabien Cloutier’s theatre, this paper proposes that the critical function of laughter in plays Scotstown, Cranbourne, Billy [Les jours de hurlement] and Pour réussir un poulet be studied in light of the Bergsonian theory of laughter, which conceives of laughter as a social corrective.

Keyphrases: Théâtre, Théâtre québécois contemporain, Théâtre québécois, Comique, Rire, Fabien Cloutier, Henri Bergson, Théâtre comique, Fabien Cloutier, Theatre, Contemporary Québec theatre, The comic, Laughter
Placement automatique de sondes d’irradiance

Nous  proposons  une  méthode  pour  placer  automatiquement  des  sondes  dans  une scène par minimisation d’une fonction d’erreur. Nous guidons les sondes vers les sites d’échantillonnage optimaux en appliquant la descente de gradient à une fonction d’erreur qui représente la similarité entre la structure en construction et un ensemble de référence. En utilisant la pondération inverse à la distance comme fonction interpolante, nous avons construit avec fiabilité des ensembles de sondes dans trois scènes. En comparant nos résultats avec ceux produits par un ensemble de sondes de référence placées sur une grille régulière, nous atteignons théoriquement notre objectif dans une des trois scènes, où nous obtenons des valeurs d’erreur inférieures à la référence avec beaucoup moins de sondes. Nous avons eu des succès partiels dans les autres scènes, selon le nombre d’échantillons utilisés. Diffuse global illumination within a 3D scene can be approximated in real time using irradiance probes. Probe placement typically relies on significant human input, and final quality of the approximation is often left to the subjectivity of a lighting artist. As demand for realism in rendering increases, the need to enhance the quality of such approximations is greater. We propose a method to automatically place probes in a scene by minimizing an error function. We guide probes to optimal sampling locations by applying gradient descent to an error function that represents similarity between our interpolated results and reference irradiance values. Using weighted nearest neighbour interpolation, we were able to reliably construct probe sets with minimal input in three scenes. Comparing our results to those produced by a set of probes placed on a 3D grid, we were theoretically successful in one scene, in which we could obtain lower error values with fewer probes. We obtained partial success in the other scenes, depending on the number of samples used.

Keyphrases: rendu, sondes lumineuses, échantillonnage, optimisation, Optimisation, Irradiance, illumination globale, Rendering, Global illumination, Light probes, Interpolation, Sampling
L'entrée sur le marché du travail des jeunes adultes : enquête longitudinale auprès de diplômés de second cycle à Montréal

À partir d’une enquête longitudinale menée auprès de dix diplômés de maîtrise à Montréal, cette recherche propose un approfondissement des temps courts du processus d’entrée sur le marché du travail, en révélant les tensions subjectives entre un épanouissement au travail par l’apprentissage et la construction de l’indépendance par l’emploi. Menée mensuellement de mai à décembre 2016, cette enquête fait ressortir quatre phases successives du processus d’entrée sur le marché du travail des jeunes adultes diplômés : la phase de la projection professionnelle (par la formulation d’un projet professionnel), la phase de l’attente (marquée par un ajustement à de nouveaux rythmes et par le développement de l’apprentissage autonome), la phase de la confrontation au réel (par la réalisation ou non des projets professionnels) et la phase du choix professionnel (caractérisée par des modèles effectifs d’entrée sur le marché du travail et de représentation de la jeunesse et de l’âge adulte). L’analyse de ces phases éclaire les rapports contemporains au travail et à l’emploi des jeunes adultes et les composantes symboliques qui en découlent, en lien avec l’entre-deux âges que constitue le devenir adulte. Based upon a longitudinal study about ten graduate students in Montreal, this research uses a short temporal perspective of entering into labour market, and highlights the subjective tensions between personal fulfilment at work through constant learning, and economic independence through employment. Monthly interviews from may to december 2016 were made, from witch four consecutive phases emerged : the phase of professional prospection (through the formulation of a professional project), the phase of waiting and delay (by adjusting to new rhythms and autonomous learning), the phase of confrontation with the job market reality (with the potential achievement of professional project), and the phase of professional choice (characterized by labour market integration and by youth and adulthood representations). To that end, this study emphasizes the relationship between work and employment of young adults and its symbolic components, linked to the in-betweenness of emerging adulthood.

Keyphrases: Insertion professionnelle, Entrée sur le marché du travail, Sociologie du Travail et de l’Emploi, Enquête longitudinale, Âge adulte émergeant, Professional Integration, Entry into labour market, Emerging adulthood, Sociology of Work and Employment, Longitudinal study
Sleeping Toward Behavioral Regulation: Relations Between Sleep and Externalizing 
      Symptoms in Toddlers and Preschoolers

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent and longitudinal relations between sleep and externalizing symptoms among young children. Method: Sixty-four families (mostly Caucasian; 36 boys) were met twice, when children were 2 (T1) and 4 years of age (T2). At T1, children wore an actigraph monitor for a 72-hour period, and both mothers and fathers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). At T2, both parents as well as the daycare educator filled the CBCL. Results: At T1, longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency was associated with fewer externalizing symptoms as assessed by mothers. Results also indicated that higher sleep efficiency at T1 was related to fewer parent-reported externalizing symptoms at T2 (while controlling for prior externalizing symptoms). Relations between sleep efficiency at T1 and externalizing symptoms as assessed by mothers at T1 and by fathers at T2 were moderated by child sex, such that links were significant among boys only. Results pertaining to educators’ reports were inconclusive. Conclusions: The current study highlights the importance of rapidly treating sleep difficulties, which are associated with persistent behavioral maladjustment, perhaps especially for boys.

Keyphrases: Child sleep, Externalizing symptoms, Actigraphy, Preschoolers
Single and Multiple Domain Amnestic MCI: two sides of the same coin?

Background. Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) is considered a transition stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two main clinical subtypes of aMCI have been identified: 1) aMCI single domain (aMCI-SD), with isolated episodic memory impairments, and 2) aMCI multiple domain (aMCI-MD), with episodic memory impairments and deficits in one or more other cognitive domains. Aims.To map the pattern of gray matter (GM) atrophy associated with aMCI-SD, aMCIMD and mild AD. Methods. A group of aMCI-SD, aMCI-MD characterized by executive function disorders, mild AD patients and cognitively unimpaired age-matched subjects underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and a high-definition MR brain scan. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to characterize the GM tissue loss in each patient group, and the common pattern of GM atrophy in aMCI-SD and aMCIMD. Results. The results revealed that aMCI-SD and aMCI-MD are characterized by a common pattern of GM atrophy within the medial temporal cortex, predisposing to AD and correlating with the severity of verbal memory symptoms. Moreover, the pattern of GM atrophy observed in aMCI-SD, aMCI-MD and mild AD revealed that, from an anatomical point of view, these three clinical syndromes could represent three severity points along the continuum between normal aging and AD.

Keyphrases: Mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer`s disease, Voxel-based morphometry,, Medial temporal lobe,, Anatomy, Magnetic resonance.
Social inequalities in health information seeking among young adults in Montreal

Over their lifecourse, young adults develop different skills and preferences in relationship to the information sources they seek when having questions about health. Health information seeking behaviour (HISB) includes multiple, unequally accessed sources; yet most studies have focused on single sources and did not examine HISB’s association with social inequalities. This study explores ‘multiple-source’ profiles and their association with socioeconomic characteristics. We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking involving 2093 young adults recruited in Montreal, Canada, in 2011–2012. We used latent class analysis to create profiles based on responses to questions regarding whether participants sought health professionals, family, friends or the Internet when having questions about health. Using multinomial logistic regression, we examined the associations between profiles and economic, social and cultural capital indicators: financial difficulties and transportation means, friend satisfaction and network size, and individual, mother’s, and father’s education. Five profiles were found: ‘all sources’ (42%), ‘health professional centred’ (29%), ‘family only’ (14%), ‘Internet centred’ (14%) and ‘no sources’ (2%). Participants with a larger social network and higher friend satisfaction were more likely to be in the ‘all sources’ group. Participants who experienced financial difficulties and completed college/university were less likely to be in the ‘family only’ group; those whose mother had completed college/university were more likely to be in this group. Our findings point to the importance of considering multiple sources to study HISB, especially when the capacity to seek multiple sources is unequally distributed. Scholars should acknowledge HISB’s implications for health inequalities.

Keyphrases: Health information, Youth, Inequalities
Subventions et libre accès : Concordance entre la disponibilité en libre accès et les subventions reçues

Cette présentation trace un portrait du libre accès aux publications en médecine clinique et expérimentale des chercheurs de l’Université de Montréal en fonction des politiques des organismes subventionnaires

Keyphrases: libre accès, organismes subventionnaires