NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
L'émancipation spectatrice dans le théâtre d'Olivier Choinière

Ce mémoire aborde trois pièces du dramaturge québécois Olivier Choinière, Beauté intérieure (2003), Projet blanc (2011) et Manifeste de la Jeune-Fille (2017), dans le but d’en faire ressortir les possibilités d’émancipation spectatrice. Depuis ses tout débuts, Choinière tient un discours critique sur le spectateur de théâtre, et il cherche conséquemment à l’inclure et à l’impliquer dans ses créations. À la lumière des théories de la réception et surtout de celles de Jacques Rancière dans Le spectateur émancipé, ce mémoire a pour visée d’évaluer les possibilités émancipatrices de l’œuvre de Choinière en analysant les différents moyens qu’il utilise pour inclure le spectateur, tant sur le plan formel que sur le plan politique. Au cœur de la théorie de Rancière figure le paradoxe du spectateur, qui renvoie aux différents moyens utilisés par les dramaturges contemporains pour forcer l’activité spectatrice et qui, selon lui, nuisent à son émancipation. Ce mémoire analysera donc le travail de Choinière en portant une attention particulière à la possible reproduction de ce paradoxe dans le but d’établir un degré d’émancipation spectatrice probable dans les trois pièces choisies. This master’s thesis addresses three works of the Quebec playwright Olivier Choinière, Beauté intérieure, Projet blanc and Manifeste de la Jeune-Fille with the aim of highlighting the possibilities of spectator emancipation. From his very beginnings, Choinière has held a critical discourse on the theater spectator, and he consequently seeks to include and involve him in his creations. In the light of the theories of reception and especially those of Jacques Rancière in Le spectateur émancipé, this master’s thesis aims to assess the emancipatory possibilities of Choinière's work by analyzing the different means he uses to include the spectator, both formally and politically. At the heart of Rancière's theory is the spectator paradox, which refers to the various means used by contemporary playwrights to force spectator activity and which, according to him, undermine his emancipation. This dissertation will therefore analyze Choinière's work, paying particular attention to the possible reproduction of this paradox in order to establish a degree of probable spectator emancipation in the three chosen pieces.

Keyphrases: Théâtre québécois, Théâtre déambulatoire, Théories de la réception, Spectateur émancipé, Olivier Choinière, Théâtre contemporain, Spectateur émancipé, Olivier Choinière, Quebec theatre, Contemporary theatre, Reception theories, Emancipated spectator
Modélisation de l'interaction entre les virus de la grippe et de la rougeole

Les gens infectés par la rougeole subissent une suppression immunitaire. Ce mémoire porte sur l’influence de cette caractéristique de la rougeole sur un autre pathogène, ici la grippe. Il s’agit donc de modéliser la réponse immunitaire d’une interaction virus-virus, problème d’une grande pertinence durant la pandémie causée par le SRAS-CoV-2 alors que les interactions de celui-ci avec le virus de l’influenza demeurent à déterminer. Nous avons également que la grippe augmente la production d’autres pathogènes. Un modèle de chaque pathogène va être développé et analysé. On cherchera les points fixes, leurs conditions de stabilité et on observera quelques résultats numériques pour constater leurs évolutions dans le temps. Ensuite un modèle suivant l’évolution des deux pathogènes ayant infecté un individu au même moment sera conçu. Dans ce modèle nous inclurons les interactions d’un pathogène l’un sur l’autre pour déterminer théoriquement les effets chez les individus infectés à la fois par la grippe et la rougeole. On pourra par la suite comparer entre les différentes populations lorsqu’il n’y a aucune interaction et avec les différentes interactions entre les deux pathogènes. People infected with measles experience immune suppression. This work focuses on the influence of this characteristic of measles on another pathogen, here the flu. We also have that the flu will increase the production of other pathogens in a co-infection model. Modeling the immune response to such virus-virus interaction is currently of signficant relevance, given the limited knowledge on SARS-CoV-2/influenza interactions. A model of each pathogen will be developed and analysed. We will look for the fixed points, conditions for their stability and we will observe some numerical results of their evolution over time. Then a model following the evolution of the two pathogens having simultaneously infected an individual will be designed. In this model we will include the interactions of the pathogens on each other to theoretically determine the effects in individuals infected with both influenza and measles. Then we can compare between the different populations when there is no interaction and with the different interactions between the two pathogens.

Keyphrases: Grippe, Rougeole, Suppression immunitaire, Points fixes, Stabilité, Interactions entre pathogènes, Simulations numériques, Influenza, Influenza, Measles, Immune suppression, Fixed points, Stability, Interactions between pathogens, Numerical simulations
Prime number races

Sous l’hypothèse de Riemann généralisée et l’hypothèse d’indépendance linéaire, Rubinstein et Sarnak ont prouvé que les valeurs de x > 1 pour lesquelles nous avons plus de nombres premiers de la forme 4n + 3 que de nombres premiers de la forme 4n + 1 en dessous de x ont une densité logarithmique d’environ 99,59%. En général, l’étude de la différence #{p < x : p dans A} − #{p < x : p dans B} pour deux sous-ensembles de nombres premiers A et B s’appelle la course entre les nombres premiers de A et de B. Dans ce mémoire, nous cherchons ultimement à analyser d’un point de vue numérique et statistique la course entre les nombres premiers p tels que 2p + 1 est aussi premier (aussi appelés nombres premiers de Sophie Germain) et les nombres premiers p tels que 2p − 1 est aussi premier. Pour ce faire, nous présentons au préalable l’analyse de Rubinstein et Sarnak pour pouvoir repérer d’où vient le biais dans la course entre les nombres premiers 1 (mod 4) et les nombres premiers 3 (mod 4) et émettons une conjecture sur la distribution des nombres premiers de Sophie Germain. Under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis and the Linear Independence Hypothesis, Rubinstein and Sarnak proved that the values of x which have more prime numbers less than or equal to x of the form 4n + 3 than primes of the form 4n + 1 have a logarithmic density of approximately 99.59%. In general, the study of the difference #{p < x : p in A} − #{p < x : p in B} for two subsets of the primes A and B is called the prime number race between A and B. In this thesis, we will analyze the prime number race between the primes p such that 2p + 1 is also prime (these primes are called the Sophie Germain primes) and the primes p such that 2p − 1 is also prime. To understand this, we first present Rubinstein and Sarnak’s analysis to understand where the bias between primes that are 1 (mod 4) and the ones that are 3 (mod 4) comes from and give a conjecture on the distribution of Sophie Germain primes.

Keyphrases: Courses de nombres premiers, Formule explicite, Fonctions L, Nombres premiers de Sophie Germain, Crible de Selberg, Modèle de Cramér, Méthode du cercle, Théorie analytique des nombres, Biais de Chebyshev, Prime number races, Chebyshev's bias, Explicit formula, L-functions, Sophie Germain primes, Selberg sieve, Cramér's model, Circle method, Analytic number theory
Comparaison sonore de 4 films inspirés du même roman : “l'invasion des profanateurs” (1955)

Ce mémoire est une comparaison sonore de 4 adaptations cinématographiques du même roman: L'Invasion des profanateurs (1955) de Jack Finney. J’y parle de la technologie audio que chacun des films a employé. J’essaye de comprendre et de démontrer comment cette évolution technologique a pu contribuer à faire évoluer différents aspects sonores tels que le style musical, le foley, et le design sonore. J’ai d'abord comparé les 4 films de manière plus général en me concentrant sur les thèmes musicaux, l’utilisation du foley pour faire peur, le Jump Scare et le design sonore. Ensuite, je me suis concentré sur 4 scènes communes que j’ai analysé plus en détail. Ce mémoire donne une vision partielle de l’évolution sonore dans les films de sciencefiction. This Thesis is a sound comparison between four movies inspired by the same novel : The Body Snatchers (1955) by Jack Finney. I talk about the audio technology that each movie used and how it has contributed in the evolution of the musical style, the foley, and the sound design. At first, I compare the 4 movies in a general way : the musical themes, the use of the foley to scare the audience, the Jump Scare, and the sound design. Then, I chose 4 common scenes that I analyze more in details. This thesis gives a partial view of the evolution of sound in science fiction movies.

Keyphrases: musique de film, Design sonore, science-fiction, sound design, Film music, Science fiction
TGF-beta superfamily and limb regeneration : TGF-beta to start and BMP to end

Axolotls represent a popular model to study how nature solved the problem of regenerating lost appendages in tetrapods. Our work over many years focused on trying to understand how these animals can achieve such a feat and not end up with a scarred up stump. The Tgf-β superfamily represents an interesting family to target since they are involved in wound healing in adults and pattern formation during development. This family is large and comprises Tgf-β, Bmps, activins and GDFs. In this review we present work from us and others on Tgf-β & Bmps and highlight interesting observations between these two sub-families. Tgf-β is important for the preparation phase of regeneration and Bmps for the redevelopment phase and they do not overlap with one another. We present novel data showing that the Tgf-β non-canonical pathway is also not active during redevelopment. Finally, we propose a molecular model to explain how Tgf-β and Bmps maintain distinct windows of expression during regeneration in axolotls.

Keyphrases: Axolotl, Limb regeneration, Tgf-β, Bmp, Wound healing
Differentiating the design principles of virtual simulations and serious games to enhance
nurses’ clinical reasoning

Virtual simulations and serious games are e-learning interventions with the potential to enhance nurses' clinical reasoning. However, distinctions in the design principles of each intervention remain ambiguous. Clarifications are needed to distinguish both interventions and ease the articulation between their design principles and the development of clinical reasoning. In this study, we examine the overlapping and unique design principles of virtual simulations and serious games.

Keyphrases: Simulation, Gaming, Experiential learning, Problem-based learning, Instructional design, Nursing, Decision-making
Hepatic encephalopathy : from metabolic to neurodegenerative

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome of both acute and chronic liver disease. As a metabolic disorder, HE is considered to be reversible and therefore is expected to resolve following the replacement of the diseased liver with a healthy liver. However, persisting neurological complications are observed in up to 47% of transplanted patients. Several retrospective studies have shown that patients with a history of HE, particularly overt-HE, had persistent neurological complications even after liver transplantation (LT). These enduring neurological conditions significantly affect patient's quality of life and continue to add to the economic burden of chronic liver disease on health care systems. This review discusses the journey of the brain through the progression of liver disease, entering the invasive surgical procedure of LT and the conditions associated with the post-transplant period. In particular, it will discuss the vulnerability of the HE brain to peri-operative factors and post-LT conditions which may explain non-resolved neurological impairment following LT. In addition, the review will provide evidence; (i) supporting overt-HE impacts on neurological complications post-LT; (ii) that overt-HE leads to permanent neuronal injury and (iii) the pathophysiological role of ammonia toxicity on astrocyte and neuronal injury/damage. Together, these findings will provide new insights on the underlying mechanisms leading to neurological complications post-LT.

Keyphrases: Hepatic encephalopathy, Liver transplantation, Neurological complications, Ammonia toxicity, Astrocytes, Neuronal cell loss
Eumelanin : from molecular state to film

Eumelanin, a macromolecular biopigment, is an attractive candidate for sustainable (green) organic electronics. Establishing structure–property relationships in eumelanin films is an essential step to exploit its technological potential. We report on the evolution from the molecular state to film after spin coating on silicon dioxide solutions of (5,6)-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and (5,6)-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) eumelanin building blocks (monomers). The evolution of the spin-coated films was studied under various environmental conditions, such as ambient vs an ammonia atmosphere, which catalyzes polymerization. Atomic force microscopy images reveal dramatic morphological changes as a function of the environmental conditions. Infrared and UV–vis spectroscopies indicate that these changes are due to a combination of physical (self-assembly) and chemical (polymerization) processes. Preliminary electrical measurements on films were also carried out.

Keyphrases: Polymer films, Ammonia, Hysteresis, Chemical structure, Infrared light
Quantifying polymer chain orientation in strong
and tough nanofibers with low crystallinity :
towards next generation nanostructured
superfibers

Advanced fibers revolutionized structural materials in the second half of the 20th century. However, all high-strength fibers developed to date are brittle. Recently, pioneering simultaneous ultrahigh strength and toughness were discovered in fine (<250 nm) individual electrospun polymer nanofibers (NFs). This highly desirable combination of properties was attributed to high macromolecular chain alignment coupled with low crystallinity. Quantitative analysis of the degree of preferred chain orientation will be crucial for control of NF mechanical properties. However, quantification of supramolecular nanoarchitecture in NFs with low crystallinity in the ultrafine diameter range is highly challenging. Here, we discuss the applicability of traditional as well as emerging methods for quantification of polymer chain orientation in nanoscale one-dimensional samples. Advantages and limitations of different techniques are critically evaluated on experimental examples. It is shown that straightforward application of some of the techniques to sub-wavelength-diameter NFs can lead to severe quantitative and even qualitative artifacts. Sources of such size-related artifacts, stemming from instrumental, materials, and geometric phenomena at the nanoscale, are analyzed on the example of polarized Raman method but are relevant to other spectroscopic techniques. A proposed modified, artifact-free method is demonstrated. Outstanding issues and their proposed solutions are discussed. The results provide guidance for accurate nanofiber characterization to improve fundamental understanding and accelerate development of nanofibers and related nanostructured materials produced by electrospinning or other methods. We expect that the discussion in this review will also be useful to studies of many biological systems that exhibit nanofilamentary architectures and combinations of high strength and toughness.

Keyphrases: Nanofibers, Crystallinity, Fibers, Polarization, Polymers
Molecular-level study of photoorientation in hydrogen-bonded azopolymer complexes

To optimize azobenzene-containing materials for applications such as rewritable waveguides and holographic data storage, it is imperative to understand the effect of the azobenzene structure on the photoresponse of the material. Supramolecular materials, in which a complexed photoactive azobenzene controls the motion or other properties of a passive polymer, are uniquely convenient for studying the impact of specific chemical modifications. Here, we use polarization modulation infrared structural absorbance spectroscopy (PM-IRSAS) to hydrogen-bonded supramolecular azobenzene complexes using poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) as a model polymer. We show that changing the tail group from hydrogen (AH) to cyano (ACN) induces greater angular redistribution of the chromophores and, remarkably, provokes P4VP pyridine ring orientation. Increasing the degree of complexation decreases the saturated orientation of both AH and ACN, whereas for P4VP/ACN it increases the pyridine orientation as well as the orientation stability of both components. These results explain the contrasting photoinduced birefringence behavior previously observed for these complexes and identify azo-azo intermolecular interactions as the main reason. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular-level spectroscopic analysis of the contrasting contributions of azobenzenes to the photo-orientation of supramolecular azopolymer complexes and the first report of the large impact of small molecular changes on the capacity of azo dyes to transfer light-induced orientation to a photopassive polymer.

Keyphrases: Azobenzene, Pyridines, Optical properties, Molecular structure, Irradiation
Bricolage méthodologique : autoethnographie et recherche-création

Qu’est-ce qu’une recherche-création et comment reconnaître cette méthodologie dans le milieu académique ? Cet article a pour sujet la représentation de la différence dans le cinéma québécois et propose une réflexion intersectionnelle et créative afin de réfléchir au contexte entourant cette représentation. Identifiée comme une « thèse-filmique », ma recherche se situe dans un amalgame unique de la recherche-création et de l’autoethnographie et cherche à innover en matière de recherche académique. En effet, une recherche doctorale en recherchecréation est une méthode de recherche émergante dans les sciences sociales et les sciences humaines francophones. La méthodologie discutée dans cet article constitue une articulation entre autoethnographie et recherche-création. What is a research-creation and how can we acknowledge this methodology in academia? The latter subject of this research is the representation of the difference in Quebec cinema. It offers an intersectional and creative approach for thinking the context surrounding representation of differences. Identified as a “thesis film”, my research is a blend of researchcreation and autoethnography and seeks to challenge traditional academic research. Indeed, a doctoral research in research-creation is an emerging method in the social sciences and humanities, especially in the French language. The methodology discussed in this article is a link between autoethnography and research-creation.

Keyphrases: Recherche-création, Autoethnographie, Féminisme, Intersectionnalité, Queer Studies, Research-creation, Autoethnography, Feminism, Intersectionality
Ruptures, créations et possibilités queer du vide

Si l’intervalle est perçu comme une pause entre deux choses, ou encore s’il est considéré comme le produit d’une sérialité, d’une répétition, est-ce que l’entre-intervalle, c’est-à-dire ce moment précis entre la répétition et l’intervalle, pourrait être meublé de quelque chose ? Un vide, ou une forme de vide qui relie d’autres parcelles d’existence ? Ce vide constituant de l’intervalle peut-il devenir un possible ? Une possibilité de changement, de création, de redirection, d’articulation, d’annulation ? Cette analyse porte sur ce que les multiples ruptures constituant Random Acts of Flyness rendent possible ; en effet, elle questionne cette juxtaposition continuelle qui, dans ce manque de liaison entre deux moments posés côte à côte, et donc dans le vide et la rupture entre les plans, les scènes, les dialogues, les épisodes (et prochainement les saisons), produit une création des possibilités d’interprétation et de lectures queer. Les images et les sons sont saturés d’information et c’est dans la pause, dans la respiration, dans l’intervalle, la redirection que les sens émergent. Je travaillerai principalement à partir du premier épisode dans le cadre d’une analyse micro, puis, réfléchirai la forme de l’intervalle entre les six épisodes de la série dans une perspective macro de l’intervalle. If the interval is between two things, is it empty, or is it full of something? Is this void, or a sort of void connects other plots of existence? Can this void, conceptualized as the interval, become a possible? A possibility of change, creation, redirection, articulation, cancellation? This analysis explores what the multiple ruptures constituting Random Acts of Flyness make possible. It questions the juxtaposition. The choices of putting two moments side by side in an edit. Here, this void, and the rupture between the shots, the scenes, the dialogues, the episodes (and soon the seasons), produce a creation of possibilities for interpretation and queer readings. The images and the sounds are saturated with information and it is in the pause, in the breathing, in the redirection, that the meaning emerges. This article presents an analysis that focuses on the first episode of the series produced by Terence Nance and allows to reflect on the concept of the interval between the six episodes of the first season.

Keyphrases: Random Acts of Flyness, HBO, Random Acts of Flyness, Lecture queer, Queer Reading
Glass versus crystal : a balancing act between competing intermolecular interactions

Hydrogen (H) bonds can be used either for crystal engineering or for designing compounds capable of forming very stable glassy phases. Herein, a second type of directional noncovalent interaction, π–π stacking, is introduced to establish the interplay between both types of interactions on crystal and glass formation. For this purpose, two mexylaminotriazine derivatives incorporating 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostilbene groups (with or without a H-bond donor at the 2 position of the triazine) and their nonfluorinated analogues were synthesized to compare their glass-forming and crystallization properties. Although all four compounds showed glass-forming ability, only the fluorinated compounds showed crystallization with kinetics strongly affected by the presence or absence of the H-bond donor group. X-ray diffraction of the pentafluorostilbene-containing derivatives revealed an extended π–π stacking interaction different from that of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostilbene. These results, combined with infrared spectroscopy measurements, suggest that π–π stacking promotes crystallization whereas hydrogen bonding impedes it due to the higher conformational constraints imposed by π–π stacking, thereby decreasing the degrees of liberty and the possibilities for secondary interactions with other molecules.

Keyphrases: Crystallization, Crystal structure, Molecules, Amorphous materials, Molecular interactions