NCube/papyrus huggingface dataset:
La confiance du public et le monopole de l'autorité publique sur l'administration de la justice pénale

La justice pénale a historiquement, et à juste titre, été l’affaire de l’État. Octroyer à l’autorité publique le monopole de l’administration de la justice permet entre autres d’harmoniser les rapports sociaux tout en assurant une réponse structurée et dépersonnalisée au phénomène criminel. La confiance du public dans sa capacité d’accomplir judicieusement cette tâche est cruciale au maintien de ce monopole. Certaines réalités découlant du contexte médiatique moderne mettent toutefois en lumière une certaine crise de confiance du public dans l’appareil judiciaire et contribuent à déposséder l’État de son monopole sur l’administration de la justice pénale. Nous estimons que la télédiffusion des procédures judiciaires pénales de première instance est un des moyens par lesquels l’autorité publique peut rapatrier ce monopole. Ce mémoire s’intéressa à certains aspects de ces questions. The State has historically overseen criminal justice, and with good reason. Delegating to state authorities full and exclusive administration of criminal justice ensures social harmony and allows for a structured and depersonalised response to crime. Public confidence in its ability to effectively do so is however crucial. The current media environment has contributed to a crisis of confidence in the system, depriving the State of its monopoly. We believe televising court proceedings and making them widely available to the public is one of the ways by which the State can strengthen confidence and reaffirm its legitimate control on the administration of criminal justice.

Keyphrases: Droit pénal, Justice pénale, État, Confiance du public, Médias, Populisme pénal, Dénonciation publique, Atteintes réputationnelles, Télédiffusion des procédures judiciaires, Audience publique, Criminal law, State, Public confidence, Media, Penal populism, Public denunciation, Reputational harm, Televising court proceedings, Open justice, Criminal justice
La photographie dans le cinéma d’essai et mon film Ouroboros

Un essai sur le rapport entre l'image fixe, soit la photographie et les images en mouvement dans la création du cinéma d'essai. Une recherche sur certains photographes-cinéastes avec une perspective historique sur les mouvements de la photographie documentaire parallèle a l’avènement du cinéma d'essai, ainsi qu'une auto-analyse de mon propre film "Ouroboros". An essay on the relationship between the still image, that is, photography and moving images in the creation of the essay cinema. A research on some photographers-filmmakers with a historical perspective on the movements of documentary photography parallel to the advent of the essay cinema, as well as an analysis of my own film "Ouroboros".

Keyphrases: Photographie, Cinéma, Essai, Passage, Mouvement, Fixité, Documentaire, Essai, Photography, Cinema, Still, Documentary, Exploration, Art
Apprentissage de circuits quantiques par descente de gradient classique

Nous présentons un nouvel algorithme d’apprentissage de circuits quantiques basé sur la descente de gradient classique. Comme ce sujet unifie deux disciplines, nous expliquons les deux domaines aux gens de l’autre discipline. Conséquemment, nous débutons par une présentation du calcul quantique et des circuits quantiques pour les gens en apprentissage automatique suivi d’une présentation des algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique pour les gens en informatique quantique. Puis, pour motiver et mettre en contexte nos résultats, nous passons à une légère revue de littérature en apprentissage automatique quantique. Ensuite, nous présentons notre modèle, son algorithme, ses variantes et quelques résultats empiriques. Finalement, nous critiquons notre implémentation en montrant des extensions et des nouvelles approches possibles. Les résultats principaux se situent dans ces deux dernières parties, qui sont respectivement les chapitres 4 et 5 de ce mémoire. Le code de l’algorithme et des expériences que nous avons créé pour ce mémoire se trouve sur notre github à l’adresse suivante : https://github.com/AldoLamarre/quantumcircuitlearning. We present a new learning algorithm for quantum circuits based on gradient descent. Since this subject unifies two areas of research, we explain each field for people working in the other domain. Consequently, we begin by introducing quantum computing and quantum circuits to machine learning specialists, followed by an introduction of machine learning to quantum computing specialists. To give context and motivate our results we then give a light literature review on quantum machine learning. After this, we present our model, its algorithms and its variants, then discuss our currently achieved empirical results. Finally, we criticize our models by giving extensions and future work directions. These last two parts are our main results. They can be found in chapter 4 and 5 respectively. Our code which helped obtain these results can be found on github at this link : https://github.com/ AldoLamarre/quantumcircuitlearning.

Keyphrases: apprentissage automatique, informatique quantique, apprentissage automatique quantique, descente de gradient, rétropropagation, apprentissage de circuit quantique, optimisation sur la variété de Stiefel, circuit quantique, machine learning, quantum computing, quantum machine learning, quantum circuits, gradient descent, backpropagation, quantum circuit learning, optimisation on the Stiefel manifold
De Marx à Lénine : étude sur les origines et l'évolution doctrinale du léninisme

L’objectif de ce mémoire consiste à proposer un nouveau cadre de référence conceptuel pour aborder le marxisme et, a fortiori, son interprétation léniniste. Nous retraçons dans l’œuvre de Karl Marx (1818-1883) deux paradigmes élaborés successivement : le paradigme anthropo-métaphysique, compris à la fois en tant que continuité et rupture avec la philosophie classique allemande, et le paradigme économico-historique, qui supporte la théorie du matérialisme historique. Nous démontrons que le paradigme économico-historique s’est consolidé sur la base du paradigme anthropo-métaphysique de manière à lui conférer une systématicité scientifique. Pour saisir les fondements du léninisme, nous décidons de circonscrire notre investigation à trois notions clefs à partir desquelles il sera possible d’évaluer l’apport original de Lénine comparativement aux écrits de Marx: (1) l’alliance du prolétariat et de la paysannerie, (2) le rôle d’avant-garde du parti et (3) la dictature du prolétariat et la violence politique. Nous constatons que l’interprétation léniniste de chacune de ces trois notions s’appuie sur un certain nombre de concepts ou de textes présents dans le corpus marxiste. De ce constat, notre tâche consiste à déterminer à partir de quelle grille de lecture paradigmatique du marxisme le léninisme a pu s’édifier en tant que doctrine. The aim of this paper is to offer a new conceptual framework within which to study Marxism and, a fortiori, its Leninist interpretation. We retrace in the works of Karl Marx (1818-1883) two paradigms elaborated consecutively: anthropo-metaphysical paradigm, understood as both in continuity and in rupture with German classical philosophy, and economico-historical paradigm, which conveys the theory of historical materialism. We demonstrate how economico-historical paradigm consolidates itself on the basis of anthropo-metaphysical paradigm in order that the latter yield scientific systematicity. To grasp the foundations of Leninism, we restrain our investigation to three key notions from which to evaluate Lenin’s original contribution to the writings of Marx: (1) the alliance of the proletariat and the peasantry, (2) the vanguard role of the party, and (3) the dictatorship of the proletariat and political violence. We note that the Leninist interpretation of each of these notions rests on a certain amount of concepts or positions present in the Marxist corpus. From this ascertainment, our task is to establish from which paradigmatic framework Leninism has established itself as a doctrine.

Keyphrases: Matérialisme historique, Communisme, Marxisme, Léninisme, Marxisme-léninisme, Bolchéviks, Dictature du prolétariat, Révolution russe, Union soviétique, Marx, Lénine, Marxism, Marx, Bolchéviks, Marx, Historical materialism, Communism, Marxism, Leninism, Marxism-Leninism, Bolsheviks, Dictatorship of the proletariat, Russian Revolution, Soviet Union, Marx, Lenin
Transmission spectroscopy of TRAPPIST-1d with the new Palomar/WIRC+Spec instrument : a Karhunen-Loève transform based approach to extracting spectrophotometry

Le système TRAPPIST-1 offre une opportunité sans précédent de caractériser les premières planètes potentiellement habitables en dehors de notre système solaire. Dans ce mémoire est décrit le développement d’un pipeline de réduction de données personnalisé pour le mode WIRC+Spec de la caméra infrarouge à grand champ récemment mise à niveau à l’observatoire Palomar. Nous introduisons une nouvelle approche d’ajustement de la fonction d’étalement du point basée sur la transformation de Karhunen-Loève pour extraire des courbes de lumière photométrique et spectroscopique de sources de forme irrégulière, que nous appliquons aux observations de l’exoplanète TRAPPIST-1d pour mesurer ses spectres de transmission dans les bandes J (1.1 à 1.4 µm) et Ks (1.95 à 2.35 µm). Un guide détaillé est présenté pour l’implémentation d’un calcul de profils de température incluant l’équilibre radiatif et convectif pour une modélisation atmosphérique efficace et précise. En comparant une multitude de scénarios atmosphériques aux observations de TRAPPIST-1d, nous obtenons des contraintes sur la composition et la structure de son atmosphère, excluant les scénarios sans nuages avec des métallicités inférieures à 300 fois la valeur solaire à 3σ. The TRAPPIST-1 system provides an unprecedented opportunity to characterize the first potentially habitable planets outside our solar system. In this work we describe the development of a custom data reduction pipeline for the WIRC+Spec mode of the recently upgraded Wide Field Infrared Camera instrument on Palomar Observatory. We introduce a novel, Karhunen-Loève transform based approach to extract photometric and spectroscopic light curves from irregularly shaped sources, which we apply to observations of the TRAPPIST-1d exoplanet to measure the J band (1.1 to 1.4 µm) and Ks band (1.95 to 2.35 µm) transmission spectra. We also present a detailed guide into the implementation of a self-consistent, radiative-convective temperature structure calculation for efficient and accurate atmospheric modelling. Comparing a host of atmospheric scenarios to the observations of TRAPPIST-1d to date, we constrain its atmosphere, ruling out cloud-free atmospheres with metallicities lower than 300 times the solar value at 3σ confidence.

Keyphrases: Planètes et satellites: individuels (TRAPPIST-1d), Planètes et satellites: atmosphères, Spectroscopie de transit, Méthodes numériques, Planets and satellites: individual (TRAPPIST-1d), Planets and satellites: atmospheres, Transit spectroscopy, Numerical methods
L’utilisation de la technologie mobile pour réduire les comportements d’autostimulation chez les enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme

Plusieurs enfants ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) manifestent des comportements d’autostimulation. Ces comportements peuvent interférer avec l’apprentissage, la socialisation et les comportements adaptatifs. Même si les interventions comportementales sont reconnues efficaces pour réduire les comportements d’autostimulation, ces types d’intervention ne sont pas accessibles à toutes les familles. En réponse à ce problème, ce mémoire vise à évaluer les effets d’iSTIM, une application mobile conçue pour accompagner les parents dans la réduction des comportements d’autostimulation de leur enfant ayant un TSA. Une série de protocoles de recherche AB pour évaluer l’efficacité d’iSTIM sur les comportements d’autostimulation et les comportements appropriés auprès de sept familles. L’utilisation d’iSTIM par les parents a mené à une réduction des comportements d’autostimulation chez six des sept participants et une augmentation des comportements appropriés chez trois des participants. Les résultats indiquent que l’utilisation de la technologie peut être une méthode efficace, peu coûteuse et facilement accessible pour les parents dans le but de réduire les comportements d’autostimulation chez les enfants ayant un TSA. Many children with ASD engage in stereotypy, which may interfere with learning, socialization as well as adaptive functioning. Although behavioral interventions have been known to effectively reduce stereotypy in children with ASD, these types of interventions are not accessible to all families. In response to this issue, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of the iSTIM, an iOS application designed to support parents in the reduction of stereotypy in their child with ASD. We used a series of AB designs to determine the effectiveness of iSTIM on stereotypy and appropriate behavior in seven families. The use of iSTIM by the parents led to a reduction in stereotypy for six of our seven participants as well as an increase in an alternative appropriate behavior in their three children. Our results indicate that the use of technology may be a cost effective and easily accessible method for parents to reduce stereotypy in children with ASD.

Keyphrases: Autisme, Interventions comportementales, Autostimulation, Technologie, Autism, Formation des parents, Behavioral interventions, Parent training, Stereotypy, Technology
Rethinking incarcerated women's leisure as subjected to coercive and normative prison missions

Leisure is commonly understood as contributing to well-being; this is especially appealing when considering multiply marginalized populations such as incarcerated women. However, leisure is not impervious to cooptation by less benevolent social processes. In this conceptual analysis, I argue that incarcerated women’s leisure must be rethought as a component of its environment and by extension, as subjected to coercive and normative prison missions. After broadly delineating incarcerated women’s leisure, I determine that some characteristics of leisure can be compatible with these prison missions. I then examine individual, organizational, and social benefits and issues with leisure in women’s prisons. I link these practices to reduced coerciveness and increased normativity. I conclude by suggesting that ensuring incarcerated people’s well-being through leisure is not in itself an end, but a means to achieve prison’s coercive and normative ends. I discuss implications for scholars, practitioners, and advocates.

Keyphrases: Leisure, Sports, Arts, Programs, Prison, Women, Normative, Coercive
Effects of an interactive Web training to support parents in reducing challenging behaviors in children with autism

Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) engage in challenging behaviors, which may interfere with their daily functioning, development, and well-being. To address this issue, we conducted a four-week randomized waitlist control trial to examine the effects of a fully self-guided interactive web training (IWT) on (a) child engagement in challenging behaviors and (b) parental intervention. After 4 weeks, parents in the treatment group reported lower levels of challenging behaviors in their children and more frequent use of behavioral interventions than those in the waitlist groups. Furthermore, within-group analyses suggest that these changes persisted up to 12 weeks following completion of the IWT. Our results highlight the potential utility of web training, but our high attrition rate and potential side effects prevent us from recommending the training as a standalone treatment.

Keyphrases: Autism, Behavioral interventions, Challenging behavior, Parent training, Web training
Interprofessional education and collaborative practice policies and law : an international review and refective questions

Background Healthcare is a complex sociolegal setting due to the number of policymakers, levels of governance and importance of policy interdependence. As a desirable care approach, collaborative practice (referred to as interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP)) is influenced by this complex policy environment from the beginning of professionals’ education to their initiation of practice in healthcare settings.  Main body Although data are available on the influence of policy and law on IPECP, published articles have tended to focus on a single aspect of policy or law, leading to the development of an interesting but incomplete picture. Through the use of two conceptual models and real-world examples, this review article allows IPECP promoters to identify policy issues that must be addressed to foster IPECP. Using a global approach, this article aims to foster reflection among promoters and stakeholders of IPECP on the global policy and law environment that influences IPECP implementation.  Conclusion IPECP champions and stakeholders should be aware of the global policy and legal environment influencing the behaviors of healthcare workers to ensure the success of IPECP implementation.

Keyphrases: Interprofessional education and collaborative practice, Healthcare policy, Health system policy, Interprofessional policy, Health law
Brief report : mobile technology to support parents in reducing stereotypy

Although behavioral interventions have been known to efectively reduce stereotypy in children with ASD, these types of interventions are not accessible to all families. In response to this issue, we evaluated the efects of the iSTIM, an iOS application designed to support parents in the reduction of stereotypy in their child with ASD. We used a series of AB designs to determine the efectiveness of the iSTIM on stereotypy using parents as behavior change agents. The use of iSTIM by the parents led to a reduction in stereotypy for six of seven participants. Our results suggest that the use of technology may be a cost efective and easily accessible method for parents to reduce stereotypy in their child with ASD.

Keyphrases: Autism, Behavioral interventions, Parent training, Stereotypy, Technology
Cannabidiol as a treatment for craving and relapse in individuals with cocaine use disorder : a randomized placebo‐controlled trial

Background and Aims Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a significant public health concern for which no efficacious pharmacological interventions are available. Cannabidiol (CBD) has attracted considerable interest as a promising treatment for addiction. This study tested CBD efficacy for reducing craving and preventing relapse in people with CUD. Design Single site double‐blind randomized controlled superiority trial comparing CBD with placebo. Setting Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Canada. Participants Seventy‐eight adults (14 women) with moderate to severe CUD participated. Intervention Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) by stratified blocks to daily 800 mg CBD (n=40) or placebo (n=38). They first underwent an inpatient detoxification phase lasting 10 days. Those who completed this phase entered a 12‐week outpatient follow‐up. Measurements Primary outcomes were drug‐cue induced craving during detoxication and time‐to‐cocaine relapse during subsequent outpatient treatment. Findings During drug‐cue exposure, craving scores (mean ± SD) increased from baseline by 4.69 (2.89) versus 3.21 (2.78) points respectively in CBD (n=36) and placebo (n=28) participants (CI = ‐0.33 to 3.04; p = 0.069; Bayes factor = 0.498). All but three participants relapsed to cocaine by week 12 with similar risk for CBD (n=34) and placebo (n=27) participants (Hazard Ratio =1.20, CI=0.65 to 2.20, p=0.51; Bayes factor = 0.152). CBD treatment was well tolerated and associated mainly with diarrhea. Conclusions Cannabidiol did not reduce cocaine craving or relapse among people being treated for cocaine use disorder.

Keyphrases: Addiction, Cannabidiol, Cocaine, Craving, Relapse, Human
Kant et les organismes non vivants

Dans cet article, je me dissocie de Peter McLaughlin et de Reinhard Löw qui dans leur monographie respective tendent à négliger la distinction très nette établie par Kant entre « organisme » et « vie ». En vérité, la seconde partie de la CJ porte spécifiquement sur le paradigme de l’organisme, et ce conformément aux visées systématiques qui sont celles de Kant dans cette œuvre. Donc, à proprement parler, il n’est pas principalement question ici de philosophie de la « bio-logie ». L’organisme n’est tout au plus qu’un « analogon de la vie » selon Kant. J’examine ensuite les raisons qui le conduisent à rejeter ces modèles d’explication de l’organisme que sont l’hylozoïsme (contradictoire) et la théorie de l’âme du monde (anthropomorphe) pour conclure que le seul candidat acceptable à ses yeux est le substrat suprasensible. In this article, I question the position adopted by Peter McLaughlin and Reinhard Löw who tend to neglect in their commentaries the sharp distinction established by Kant between “organism” and “life.” In truth, the second part of the CJ deals specifically with the paradigmatic case of organism, and this in accordance with Kant’s intentions in this work. Therefore, properly speaking, the main topic here is not a philosophy of “bio-logy.” Organism is at most an “analogon of life” according to Kant. Furthermore I examine the reasons that lead him to reject two ways of explaining organism, namely “hylozoism” (contradictory) and the theory of the world-soul (anthropomorphic) in order to conclude that the only possible explanation for Kant is the supersensible realm.

Keyphrases: Kant, Organisme, Vie, Hylozoïsme, Âme du monde, Organism, Kant, McLaughlin, Peter, Löw, Reinhard, Organism, Life, Hylozoism, World-soul