CELEX: 61992CJ0095
Failure of a Member State to fulfil its obligations
Directive 84/466/Euratom

Grounds
1 By application lodged at the Court Registry on 23 March 1992, the Commission of the European Communities brought an action under Article 141 of the Euratom Treaty for a declaration that by failing to adopt the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Articles 1, 2(1) and (2), 3 and 5 of Council Directive 84/466/Euratom of 3 September 1984 laying down basic measures for the radiation protection of persons undergoing medical examination or treatment (OJ 1984 L 265, p. 1, hereinafter "the Directive"), the Italian Republic has failed to fulfil its obligations under the Euratom Treaty.
2 Article 7 of the Directive provides that "Member States shall take the measures necessary to comply with this Directive before 1 January 1986. Member States shall inform the Commission of the provisions they have adopted to comply with this Directive".
3 Reference is made to the Report for the Hearing for a fuller account of the facts, the procedure and the pleas and arguments of the parties, which are mentioned or discussed hereinafter only in so far as is necessary for the reasoning of the Court.
4 The Commission claims that under Article 161 of the Euratom Treaty and Article 7 of the Directive the Italian Republic was required to adopt the provisions necessary to transpose the Directive into national law.
5 The Italian Republic accepts that the Directive has not yet been formally transposed into national law, but claims that its formal transposition is unnecessary. The requirements set out in the Directive already had a precise equivalent in Circular No 62 of 2 August 1984 issued by the Ministry of Health on "the radiation protection of the sick during diagnostic examination and therapeutic treatment using radiology and nuclear medicine", which was sent to all the competent authorities and services.
6 The Italian Republic' s argument cannot be accepted.
7 According to the consistent case-law of the Court, each Member State must implement directives in a manner which fully meets the requirement of legal certainty and must consequently transpose their terms into national law as binding provisions (see Case 239/85 Commission v Belgium [1986] ECR 3645, paragraph 7).
8 It is apparent from the pleadings and oral arguments of the parties that Circular No 62 has never been officially published, that it may be amended by the Italian authorities at will and that it contains only recommendations which have no binding force.
9 It follows that the Italian Republic has not adopted the measures necessary to implement the Directive.
10 The declaration must therefore be granted in the terms sought by the Commission.
Decision on costs
Costs
11 Under Article 69(2) of the Rules of Procedure, the unsuccessful party is to be ordered to pay the costs. Since the defendant has failed in its submissions, it must be ordered to pay the costs.
Operative part
On those grounds,
THE COURT
hereby:
1. Declares that by failing to adopt the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Articles 1, 2(1) and (2), 3 and 5 of Council Directive 84/466/Euratom of 3 September 1984 laying down basic measures for the radiation protection of persons undergoing medical examination or treatment, the Italian Republic has failed to fulfil its obligations under the Euratom Treaty;
2. Orders the Italian Republic to pay the costs.