CELEX: 62000CJ0495
Agriculture
Common organisation of the markets
Milk and milk products
Additional levy on milk
Regulations (EEC) Nos 3590/92 and 536/93
Reference quantities
Ex post correction

By judgment of 6 July 2000, received at the Court on 29 December 2000, the Tribunale amministrativo regionale del Lazio (the
Regional Administrative Court for Lazio) referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling under Article 234 EC three questions
on the interpretation and validity of Articles 1 and 4 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 3950/92 of 28 December 1992 establishing
an additional levy in the milk and milk products sector (OJ 1992 L 405, p. 1), and of Articles 3 and 4 of Commission Regulation
(EEC) No 536/93 laying down detailed rules for the application of the additional levy on milk and milk products (OJ 1993 L
57, p. 12).
Those questions were raised in proceedings between various Italian milk producers and the Azienda di Stato per gli interventi
nel mercato agricolo (State Agricultural Market Intervention Board, ‘AIMA’) and other dairy producers, concerning the lawfulness
of the decisions taken in 1999 by which the AIMA corrected the reference quantities allocated for the milk marketing years
1995/96 and 1996/97, to reallocate the unused reference quantities for those years and, in consequence, to recalculate the
levies payable by producers for those years.
The relevant provisions
The provisions of Community law
In 1984, on account of a persistent imbalance between supply and demand in the milk sector, a system of additional levies
was introduced by Regulation (EEC) No 804/68 of the Council of 27 June 1968 on the common organisation of the market in milk
and milk products (OJ, English Special Edition 1968 (I), p. 176), as amended by Council Regulation (EEC) No 856/84 of 31 March
1984 (OJ 1984 L 90, p. 10, ‘Regulation No 804/68’), and by Council Regulation (EEC) No 857/84 of 31 March 1984 adopting general
rules for the application of the levy referred to in Article 5c of Regulation No 804/68 (OJ 1984 L 90, p. 13).  According
to Article 5c, an additional levy is payable on quantities of milk which exceed a reference quantity to be determined.
That additional levy scheme, which was originally intended to last until 1 April 1993, was extended to 1 April 2000 by Regulation
No 3950/92
Article 1 of that regulation provides:
‘For seven new consecutive periods of 12 months commencing on 1 April 1993, an additional levy shall be payable by producers
of cows’ milk on quantities of milk or milk equivalent delivered to a purchaser or sold directly for consumption during the
12-month period in question in excess of a quantity to be determined.’
The levy shall be 115% of the target price for milk.’
In accordance with Article 2 of that regulation:
‘(1)

The levy shall be payable on all quantities of milk or milk equivalent marketed during the 12-month period in question in
excess of the relevant quantity referred to in Article 3.  It shall be shared between the producers who contributed to the
overrun.
In accordance with a decision of the Member State, the contribution of producers towards the levy payable shall be established,
after the unused reference quantities have been reallocated or not, either at the level of the purchaser, in the light of
the overrun remaining after unused reference quantities have been allocated in proportion to the reference quantities of each
producer, or at national level, in the light of the overrun in the reference quantity of each individual producer.’
Article 4 of Regulation No 3950/92, which lays down the criteria for the calculating of the individual quota available to
each producer, provides:
‘(1)

The individual reference quantity available on the holding shall be equal to the quantity available on 31 March 1993 and shall
be adjusted, where appropriate, for each of the periods concerned, so that the sum of the individual reference quantities
of the same type does not exceed the corresponding global quantities referred to in Article 3, taking account of any reductions
made for allocation to the national reserve provided for in Article 5.
(2)

Individual reference quantities shall be increased or established at the duly justified request of producers to take account
of changes affecting their deliveries and/or direct sales.  The increase or establishment of such a reference quantity shall
be subject to a corresponding reduction or cancellation of the other reference quantity the producer owns. Such adjustments
may not lead to an increase in the sum of the deliveries and direct sales referred to in Article 3 for the Member State concerned.
Where the individual reference quantities undergo a definitive change, the quantities referred to in Article 3 shall be adjusted
in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 11.
…’
Finally, in accordance with Article 10 of that regulation:
‘The levy shall be considered as intervention to stabilise agricultural markets and shall be used to finance expenditure in
the milk sector.’
The fifth recital in the preamble to Regulation No 536/93 states that ‘experience gained has shown that major delays in both
the transmission of figures on collections or direct sales and payment of the levy, have prevented the arrangements from being
fully effective’ and that, ‘therefore, lessons should be learned from the past and the necessary conclusions drawn by laying
down strict requirements as regards notification and payment deadlines and providing for penalties where deadlines are not
met’.
Article 3 of that regulation provides:
‘(1)

At the end of each of the periods referred to in Article 1 of Regulation … No 3950/92, the purchaser shall establish a statement
for each producer showing, opposite the producer’s reference quantity and the representative fat content of his production,
the quantity and fat content of the milk and/or milk equivalent which he has delivered during the period.
…
(2)

Before 15 May each year, the purchasers shall forward to the competent authority of the Member State a summary of the statements
drawn up for each producer or, where appropriate, by decision of the Member State, the total quantity, the quantity corrected
in accordance with Article 2(2) and average fat content of the milk and/or milk equivalent delivered to it by producers and
the sum of the individual reference quantities and the average representative fat content of such producers’ production.
Where that time-limit is not observed, the purchaser shall be liable to a penalty equal to the amount of the levy due for
a 0.1% overrun on the quantities of milk and milk equivalent delivered to them by producers. Such penalty may not exceed ECU
20 000.
(3)

Member States may provide that the competent authority shall notify the purchaser of the levies payable by him after reallocating,
or not, by decision of the Member State, all or part of the unused reference quantities either directly to the producers concerned
or to purchasers with a view to their subsequent allocation among the producers concerned.
(4)

Before 1 September each year, the purchaser liable for levies shall pay the competent body the amount due in accordance with
rules laid down by the Member State.
Where the time-limit for payment is not met, the sums due shall bear interest at a rate per annum fixed by the Member State
and which shall not be lower than the rate of interest which the latter applies for the recovery of wrongly paid amounts.’
Article 4 of that regulation provides:
‘(1)

In the case of direct sales, at the end of each of the periods referred to in Article 1 of Regulation … No 3950/92, the producer
shall make a declaration summarising by product the quantities of milk and/or other milk products sold directly for consumption
and/or to wholesalers, cheese maturers and the retail trade.
…
(2)

Before 15 May each year, the producer shall forward declarations to the competent authority of the Member State.
Where that time-limit is not observed, the producer shall be liable to the levy on all the quantities of milk and milk equivalent
sold directly in excess of his reference quantity or, where there is no overrun, to a penalty equal to the amount of levy
due for a 0.1% overrun of his reference quantity. Such penalty may not exceed ECU 1 000.
Where a declaration is not submitted before 1 July, the second paragraph of Article 5 of Regulation … No 3950/92 shall apply
30 days after the Member State has served notice.
(3)

The Member State may provide that the competent authority shall notify the producer of the levies payable by him after reallocating,
or not, by decision of the Member State, all or part of the unused reference quantities to the producers concerned.
(4)

Before 1 September each year, the producer shall pay the amount due to the competent body in accordance with rules laid down
by the Member State.
Where the time-limit for payment is not met, the sums due shall bear interest at a rate per annum fixed by the Member State
…’
Under Article 7 of Regulation No 536/93:
‘(1)

Member States shall take all the verification measures necessary to ensure payment of the levy on quantities of milk and milk
equivalent marketed in excess of any of the quantities referred to in Article 3 of Regulation … No 3950/92.
…
(3)

Member States shall physically verify the accuracy of the accounting with regard to the quantities of milk and milk equivalent
marketed and, to that end, shall check milk transport during collection at farms and shall, in particular, check:
(a)
at the premises of the purchasers, the statements referred to in Article 3(1), the credibility of stock accounts and supplies
as referred to in paragraph 1(c) and (d) with regard to the commercial documents and other documents proving now the collected
milk and milk equivalent have been used;
(b)
at the premises of the producers with a reference quantity for direct sales, the credibility of the declaration referred to
in Article 4(1) and the stock accounts referred to in paragraph 1(f).
…’
The provisions of national law
The Italian additional milk levy arrangements were originally implemented by Law No 468 of 26 November 1992 (GURI No 286 of
4 December 1992, p. 3, ‘Law No 468/92’).  That Law laid down, inter alia, criteria for the allocation of individual reference
quantities and detailed rules for national adjustment (reallocation of unused reference quantities).  That Law was subsequently
followed by an abundance of much amended legislation.  The development of the law and regulations included the adoption of,
on the one hand, Decree-Law No 727 of 23 December 1994 (GURI No 304 of 30 December 1994, p. 5, ‘Decree-Law No 727/94’), now
converted as amended into Law No 46 of 24 February 1995 (GURI No 48 of 27 February 1995, p. 3, ‘Law No 46/95’), regulating
the arrangements for reducing quantities allocated and, on the other, Finance Law No 662 of 23 December 1996 (ordinary supplement
to GURI No 303 of 28 December 1996, p. 233, ‘Law No 662/96’), Article 2(168) of which defines the criteria for national adjustment.
By judgment No 520 of 28 December 1995 the Corte costituzionale (Constitutional Court) (Italy) declared invalid Article 2(1)
of Decree-Law No 727/94, converted as amended into Law No 46/95, in that, in determining the reduction of milk producers’
individual quotas, it excluded the participation, at least in the form of a reference for an opinion, of the regions concerned.
In addition, by judgment No 398 of 11 December 1998 that court annulled Article 2(168) of Law No 662/96 on the ground that
it made no provision for seeking the opinion of the autonomous provinces and regions.
In the meantime, the Commission of the European Communities brought an action against the Italian Republic, under Article
169 of the EC Treaty (now Article 226 EC), concerning the method laid down in Article 5 of Law No 468/92 for the reallocation
of unused individual quantities.  By reasoned opinion of 20 May 1996 the Commission challenged the opportunity given, in respect
of deliveries, of reallocating unused quantities to associations of producers rather than to producers or purchasers as provided
for by Regulations Nos 3950/92 and 536/93.  No further steps were subsequently taken in those proceedings, the Italian authorities
having put an end to the infringement at issue by adopting Law No 662/96, Article 2(166) of which provides that the method
in question would no longer be applicable as from the milk-marketing year 1995/96.
In order to put an end to the uncertainty surrounding the determining of actual milk production and caused by a system which
had not made it possible to produce reliable information, in particular for the milk-marketing years 1995/96 and 1996/97,
the Italian legislature decided to set up a Government Commission of Inquiry, as provided for by Decree-Law No 11 of 31 January
1997 (GURI No 25 of 31 January 1997, p. 3), converted as amended into Law No 81 of 28 March 1997 (GURI No 81 of 1 April 1997,
p. 4).  That Commission of Inquiry was entrusted with the task of ascertaining whether there were any irregularities in the
management of quantities by individuals or public or private bodies and any irregularities in the marketing of milk and milk
products by producers or in their use by purchasers.
In that context and in the light of the conclusions reached by that Government Commission of Inquiry, the Italian legislation
was again amended by the adoption of Decree-Law No 411 of 1 December 1997 (GURI No 208 of 1 December 1997, p. 3, ‘Decree-Law
No 411/97’), converted as amended into Law No 5 of 27 January 1998 (GURI No 22 of 28 January 1998, p. 3, ‘Law No 5/98’), and
by the adoption of Decree-Law No 43 of 1 March 1999 (GURI No 50 of 2 March 1999, p. 8, ‘Decree-Law No 43/99’), converted as
amended into Law No 118 of 27 April 1999 (GURI No 100 of 30 April 1999, p. 4, ‘Law No 118/99’).
Article 2 of Law No 5/98 makes the AIMA responsible for determining, on the basis of, inter alia, the report made by the Government
Commission of Inquiry and the surveys carried out and notified by the regions, the actual quantities of milk produced and
marketed during the milk-marketing years 1995/96 and 1996/97.  According to Article 2(5), the AIMA is to inform producers
within 60 days of the Decree-Law’s entering into force of the individual reference quantities allocated to them and the quantities
of milk marketed.  With regard to the quantities determined by the AIMA, producers may seek to have those findings re-examined
before the regions and autonomous provinces which must give a decision within 80 days of the expiry of the period of 60 days
prescribed for the lodging of the application.  Article 2(11) provides that, at the outcome of the checks carried out and
the decisions taken on the applications for re-examination, the AIMA is to make amendments to the forms used and to individual
reference quantities for the purposes of the operation of national adjustments and the payment of the additional levy.
Article 1(1) of Decree-Law No 43/99 provides, first, that the AIMA is to make national adjustments for the milk marketing
years 1995/96 and 1996/97 on the basis of the information concerning the milk production which it has determined and, second,
that it is to calculate the additional levy payable by each producer.  In accordance with that provision, the AIMA is required
to communicate the results of its calculations to the producers and purchasers, and also to the regions and autonomous provinces,
within 60 days of the Decree-Law’s coming into force.
According to Article 1(12), the results of national adjustments made in accordance with the new legislation are definitive
for the purposes of payment of the additional levy, related settlements and the release of securities.  According to Article
1(15), once purchasers have been notified by the AIMA of the levies for the milk-marketing years 1995/96 and 1996/97 they
must pay the sums in question within 30 days and pay back any surpluses, informing the autonomous provinces and regions thereof.
The disputes in the main proceedings and the questions referred for a preliminary ruling
By action brought before the Tribunale amministrativo regionale del Lazio, the applicants in the main proceedings have challenged
the lawfulness of the AIMA’s decisions, taken in 1999, to implement Article 1 of Decree-Law No 43/99, converted as amended
into Law No 118/99, which made adjustments for the milk marketing years 1995/96 and 1996/97.  In support of their action,
the applicants have claimed inter alia that those decisions are unlawful in that they were adopted on the basis of a retroactive
determining of individual reference quantities.
Expressly referring to the facts in the proceedings giving rise to the judgment of even date in Joined Cases C-231/00, C-303/00
and C-451/00
Lattepiù and Others
[2004] ECR I-0000, the national court states that, with regard to the dispute in the main proceedings, it must be ascertained
generally whether national legislation providing for retroactive allocation of individual reference quantities or, in any
case, for retroactive allocation under an administrative procedure is compatible with the general principles of the Community
legal system.  It is necessary to ascertain that before settling the dispute in the main proceedings, inasmuch as the answer
to be given to the points of law raised in the main proceedings depends on that outcome.
Against that background, the national court considers that the Member States must be in a position to pursue, even if belatedly,
the objectives set out in Article 33 EC, which would be irreparably compromised by a rigid interpretation of a rule of Community
law which did not make it possible to reconcile the principle of the protection of legitimate expectations with those objectives.
The fact that Community law itself in essence forbids the Member States to take upon themselves the burden of the levies
militates in favour of an interpretation which, in cases of dispute, permits the operations required in respect of the levies
to be performed even outside the periods prescribed by Regulations Nos 3950/92 and 536/93.
Those are the legal and factual circumstances in which the Tribunale amministrativo regionale del Lazio decided to stay proceedings
and to refer the following questions to the Court for a preliminary ruling:
‘(1)
May the provisions contained in Articles 1 and 4 of … Regulation … No 3950/92 … and Articles 3 and 4 of … Regulation … No
536/93 be interpreted as meaning that it is possible, in cases of administrative or judicial challenge to the relevant measures,
to derogate from the time-limits prescribed for the allocation of quotas and the operation of adjustments and levies?
(2)
If not, are the provisions contained in Articles 1 and 4 of … Regulation … No 3950/92 … and Articles 3 and 4 of … Regulation
… No 536/93 … valid, in the light of Article 33 EC (formerly Article 39 of the EC Treaty), in so far as they do not provide
that derogations may be made from the periods they prescribe for the allocation of individual reference quantities and for
the operation of adjustments or levies, in cases of administrative or judicial challenge to those measures?
(3)
If retrospective adjustment is not allowed, do the rules of Community law applicable permit the Member State to assume responsibility
for paying the sums owed under Community law without incurring liability to penalties?’
Concerning the first question
By its first question, the national court seeks in essence to ascertain whether, on a proper construction of Articles 1 and
4 of Regulation No 3950/92 and Articles 3 and 4 of Regulation No 536/93, a Member State is precluded, after checks have been
carried out, from correcting the individual reference quantities allocated to each producer and, after the unused reference
quantities have been reallocated, from recalculating in consequence the additional levies payable, after the final date for
payment of those levies for the production period concerned.
Observations submitted to the Court
The applicants in the main proceedings observe, first, that the national court erred when it considered that the cause of
the Italian administration’s delay in implementing the Community milk quota system was the proceedings brought by the producers.
They state that the latter were forced to challenge the provisions which were meant to regulate their economic activity retroactively,
thus exposing those producers to the penalty of the additional levy.
Next, the applicants in the main proceedings claim that the measures fixing the quotas are unlawful, both from the point of
view of domestic law, for the general principles of law forbid the adopting of administrative acts of a retroactive kind,
and from the point of view of Community law which protects traders, by virtue in particular of the principle of protection
of legitimate expectations.
They maintain, furthermore, that an answer to the first question to the effect that the administrative authorities may derogate
from the periods prescribed for the exercise of their powers where they have acted unlawfully or where the addressees of administrative
decisions mean to protect their rights by challenging the validity of those decisions before the courts would amount to an
incentive to breach of the law.  In fact, breach of legal rules would in that way become good grounds for authorising derogations
from provisions fixing apparently mandatory time-limits.
Finally, with regard to the principle of protection of legitimate expectations, the applicants in the main proceedings note
that the reasoning developed by the court making the reference, that all producers knew what quantities of products they had
marketed during the reference year, with the result that they could not plead breach of that principle, is wrong.  In fact,
the fixing of every producer’s production is, of course, the essential starting-point, but it is hardly sufficient for the
purposes of determining the reference quantities due to each producer.  Under Community and domestic law, the competent authorities
of the Member States enjoy a degree of latitude enabling them to match total national production to the quantity allocated
at Community level, by means, in particular, of compulsory reductions in individual quantities, the acquiring of which quantities
must comply with criteria set in advance.
The Italian Government argues that if divergences, errors and disputes appear in the determining of reference quantities the
entire mechanism is affected, with more or less significant alterations to the permissible reference quantities which can
be determined only after the event.
According to the Italian Government, rational interpretation of the Community regulations gives rise to the consideration
that retroactive determining of quotas is compatible with the system adopted, since the quotas originally defined have been
corrected, following amendment of the rules implementing those regulations.
In addition, the Italian Government maintains that corrections caused by application of national provisions adopted purely
in order to make the additional levy payable must by definition have retroactive effect, given that their purpose is to define
the quantities to be allocated to each producer and, in consequence, the amount of milk in fact produced and marketed.  Likewise,
the Italian Government’s action, intended to place the burden of the additional levy upon the producers responsible for the
surpluses, as required by the Commission when initiating infringement proceedings in 1997, must
ex hypothesi
be founded on retroactive determining of reference quantities.
That Government proposes, therefore, that on a proper construction of Articles 1 and 4 of Regulation No 3950/92 and Articles
3 and 4 of Regulation No 536/93 the time-limits fixed for allocation of quotas and for making adjustments are quite ordinary
time-limits and it is in consequence possible to derogate from them, where there are disputes, in legal or administrative
proceedings.
As regards the supposed breach of the principle of protection of legitimate expectations, the Italian Government maintains
that the various traders knew, or ought to have known, the provisions of Community law applicable and the production ceilings
they set at national level and, consequently, for individuals also, by prohibiting the exceeding, in any circumstances, of
production for the reference year.  It adds that the determining of individual quantities after the event was done, so far
as possible, during discussions with the producers in which their view were heard and in which, consequently, they participated.
The Commission states that Regulations Nos 3950/92 and 536/93 brought about no new allocation of individual reference quantities
as compared with the previous arrangements and prescribed no time-limits for making such allocation.  Likewise, the reallocation
of unused individual quantities provided for in Articles 3(3) and 4(3) of Regulation No 536/93 does not amount to a new allocation
of individual reference quantities to producers.
Following its preliminary remarks, the Commission refers to the principle of the Member States’ procedural autonomy.  In its
view, the fact that neither Regulation No 3950/92 nor Regulation No 536/93 expressly takes into consideration the hypothesis
of making corrections after checks have been carried out shows that it is for the Member State to take the necessary measures
in accordance with the criteria drawn up under its own domestic law.
It argues that it follows that, in order to guarantee that the Community legislation is correctly and efficiently implemented,
the outcome of checks carried out by the Member States might, but also must, give rise to a measure correcting the reference
quantity in question and, consequently, the amount of the levies payable, even after the end of the production period to which
they refer.  The fact that measures correcting the individual reference quantities and recalculating the levies were taken
after the production periods concerned had come to an end does not relieve either the Member State or the traders concerned
of the obligation to observe, even in the medium term, the provisions of the relevant regulations.
The Court’s answer
It must at the outset be remarked that no provision in Regulation No 3950/92 or Regulation No 536/93 provides for the correction
a posteriori
of individual reference quantities allocated to milk producers or the consequential correction of the additional levies payable
by them.
According to the general principles on which the Community is based and which govern relations between it and the Member States,
it is for the latter, under Article 5 of the EC Treaty (now Article 10 EC), to ensure that Community rules are implemented
within their territories.  In so far as Community law, including its general principles, does not include common rules to
that effect then, when the national authorities implement Community rules, they are to act in accordance with the procedural
and substantive rules of their own national law (see, in particular, Case C-285/93
Dominikanerinnen-Kloster Altenhohenau
[1995] ECR I-4069, paragraph 26, and Case C-292/97
Karlsson and Others
[2000] ECR I-2737, paragraph 27).
Nevertheless, when adopting measures to implement Community legislation, national authorities must exercise their discretion
in compliance with the general rules of Community law, which include the principles of proportionality, legal certainty and
the protection of legitimate expectations (see, to that effect, Case C-313/99
Mulligan and Others
[2002] ECR I-5719, paragraphs 35 and 36).
It follows that, in order to provide a helpful reply to the first question and, more specifically, to ascertain whether or
not it is contrary to the relevant provisions of Regulations Nos 3950/92 and 536/93 for corrections to be made after the event
to reference quantities allocated to producers and for the amounts of the additional levies payable by them to be altered
as a result, it is necessary to examine whether such measures are compatible with the wording and purpose of those provisions,
with the objectives and general scheme of the legislation concerning the arrangements for the additional levy on milk and
with the general principles of Community law.
As regards the wording of the relevant provisions, that there is nothing in Articles 1 and 4 of Regulation No 3950/92 and
Articles 3 and 4 of Regulation No 536/93 expressly precluding the adoption by national authorities of measures such as those
at issue in the main proceedings.  The same is true of the provisions of those regulations in their entirety.
As to the purpose of those provisions, Articles 1 and 4 of Regulation No 3950/92 cannot be regarded as providing for a fresh
allocation of individual reference quantities or, still less, as setting a specific time-limit for such allocation.
Regulation No 3950/92 is intended to extend the additional milk levy scheme introduced by earlier legislation and is based
on the premiss that milk quotas have already been allocated in all the Member States respectively (see
Karlsson and Others,
paragraph 32).
The first recital in the preamble to that regulation thus states that the scheme introduced by Regulation No 856/84 is to
‘continue’ and Article 1 provides that the additional levy on milk is payable for seven ‘new’ consecutive periods of 12 months.
Along the same lines Article 4(1) of Regulation No 3950/92 provides that the individual reference quantities allocated for
future production periods are to be determined on the basis of the reference quantities held by the producers on the last
day on which the previously applicable legislation was in force, namely, 31 March 1993.
However, having regard to the fact that it was not the Community legislature’s intention to fix those reference quantities
definitively for the whole duration of the extension of the additional-milk-levy arrangements, Article 4(2) of Regulation
No 3950/92 provides, in essence, that those quantities may be adjusted for each of the milk marketing years concerned, provided
that the sum of the individual reference quantities for sales to dairies and direct sales does not exceed the guaranteed global
quantity allocated to the Member State, taking account of any reductions made by the latter in order to supplement its national
reserve.
In those circumstances, Articles 1 and 4 of Regulation No 3950/92 cannot be interpreted as precluding national authorities
from correcting inaccurate reference quantities after the end of the marketing year concerned, when the particular purpose
of those corrections is that a Member State’s production free from additional levies should not exceed the guaranteed global
quantity allocated to that State.
The same is true so far as Articles 3 and 4 of Regulation No 536/93 are concerned.  In this regard it must be borne in mind
that it is clear from reading Article 3(2) in conjunction with Article 4(2) that purchasers, on the one hand, and producers
selling their own output directly, on the other, must send to the competent national authority before 15 May the statement
of collections or the declaration of production sold during the previous financial year.  It is equally clear from reading
the third paragraphs of those articles that the Member States may provide that the competent authority is to notify the purchasers,
or the producers, as the case may be, of the amount of the levy payable by them after reallocating, or not, all or part of
the unused reference quantities.  Finally, in accordance with the fourth paragraphs of those articles, purchasers or producers,
as the case may be, must pay the amounts due before the following 1 September.
Although the time-limits prescribed by those articles are mandatory (see, to that effect, Case C-356/97
Molkereigenossenschaft Wiedergeltingen
[2000] ECR I-5461, paragraphs 38 to 40), the fact remains that they do not preclude the competent authorities of a Member
State from making after-the-event checks and corrections for the purpose of ensuring that that Member State’s production does
not exceed the guaranteed global quantity allocated to it.
On the contrary, the aim both of the time-limits laid down in Articles 3 and 4 of Regulation No 536/93 and of checks and corrections
made after the event, such as those carried out by the AIMA, is to ensure that the additional milk levy system is operated
efficiently and the relevant legislation applied correctly.
It ought also at this point to be recalled that, in accordance with the eighth recital in the preamble to Regulation No 536/93,
the Member States must have suitable means of conducting
ex-post
checks to verify whether, and if so to what extent, the levy has been collected in accordance with the provisions in force.
Such checks are provided for by Article 7 of that regulation in order to ensure the accuracy of the statements of collection
and declarations of direct sales drawn up by purchasers and producers.  It is clear, first, that such checks can be made only
after the milk-marketing year concerned has ended and, second, that they may result in the correcting of the reference quantities
allocated and, in consequence, in the recalculating of the levies payable.
Furthermore, that interpretation of Articles 1 and 4 of Regulation No 3950/92 and of Articles 3 and 4 of Regulation No 536/93
is also supported by the objective pursued by the legislation establishing the additional levy on milk.  As the Advocate General
made clear in paragraph 66 of his Opinion, the objectives of that legislation would be compromised if, as a result of miscalculation
of individual reference quantities, a Member State’s milk production were to exceed the guaranteed global quantity allocated
to that State but that overrun did not give rise to payment of the additional levy due.  In such a case, there would be a
breach of the joint responsibility on which the arrangements for the additional levy on milk are based, in that producers
would enjoy the benefits afforded by the setting of a target price for milk without bearing the restrictions by means of which
such a target price can be maintained.  Producers whose excess production was thus unduly exempted from the additional levy
would gain an unjustified competitive advantage over the producers of Member States which apply the Community legislation
correctly.
Finally, so far as concerns the compatibility with the principle of protection of legitimate expectations of checking and
correcting measures such as those adopted by AIMA in the case in the main proceedings, the arguments of the applicants in
those cases cannot be accepted.
First, in so far as a producer’s individual reference quantity actually corresponds to the quantity of milk marketed by that
producer during the reference year, that producer, who is as a rule aware of how much milk he has produced, can have no legitimate
expectation that an inaccurate reference quantity will be continued.  Second, as the Advocate General noted in paragraph 82
of his Opinion, producers can have no legitimate expectation that, when a production year expires, a certain unused individual
reference quantity will be reallocated.  Such reallocation is, by its nature, hypothetical and impossible to quantify in advance,
for it depends upon the activity of other producers.  A producer cannot therefore, before a production year has begun, have
any legitimate expectation that a certain portion of unused quotas will be reallocated.
Furthermore, it must be added here that, as is clear from the documents before the Court, it was only in 1992 that the first
legislative provisions designed to implement the system of the additional levy on milk were adopted in Italy.  Furthermore,
Italian milk producers were not required to pay that levy until the milk marketing year 1995/96.  No legitimate expectation
can be entertained as to the continuation of a situation which is plainly unlawful in the light of Community law, namely,
the failure to apply the arrangements for the additional levy on milk.  Indeed, regardless of the specific circumstances of
the case in point, milk producers in the Member States cannot legitimately expect, 11 years after the system was introduced,
to be able to go on producing milk without limit.
Having regard to all the foregoing considerations, the answer to be given to the first question must be that on a proper construction
of Articles 1 and 4 of Regulation No 3950/92 and Articles 3 and 4 of Regulation No 536/93, it is not contrary to those provisions
for a Member State, after checks have been carried out, to correct the individual reference quantities allocated to each producer
and, after the unused reference quantities have been reallocated, to recalculate in consequence the additional levies payable,
after the final date for payment of those levies for the milk marketing year concerned.
Concerning the second question
Having regard to the answer given to the first question, there is no need to reply to the second.
Concerning the third question
By its third question, the national court asks whether the rules of Community law applicable authorise the Member States to
pay the sums owed under Community law if it is not permissible to make retroactive reallocation of the unused reference quantities.
In accordance with settled case-law, the spirit of cooperation which must prevail in preliminary ruling proceedings requires
the national court for its part to have regard to the function entrusted to the Court of Justice, which is to contribute to
the administration of justice in the Member States and not to give opinions on general or hypothetical questions (see, inter
alia, the judgment in Case C-343/90
Lourenço Dias
[1992] ECR I-4673, paragraph 17, and the order in Case C-485/93
Saddik
[1995] ECR I-511, paragraph 17).
The third question is clearly of a purely hypothetical nature, inasmuch as whether or not the Member State concerned may,
in certain circumstances, assume responsibility for paying the sums owed by producers by way of additional levy cannot, of
its nature, have any bearing on the outcome of the dispute in the main proceedings.
The third question must therefore be considered to be inadmissible.
Costs
The costs incurred by the Italian and Greek Governments and by the Council and the Commission, which have submitted observations
to the Court, are not recoverable.  Since these proceedings are, for the parties to the main proceedings, a step in the action
pending before the national court, the decision on costs is a matter for that court.
On those grounds,
THE COURT (Sixth Chamber),
in answer to the questions referred to it by the Tribunale amministrativo regionale del Lazio by judgment of 6 July 2000,
hereby rules:
On a proper construction of Articles 1 and 4 of Council Regulation (EEC) No 3950/92 of 28 December 1992 establishing an additional
levy in the milk and milk products sector, and of Articles 3 and 4 of Commission Regulation (EEC) No 536/93 laying down detailed
rules for the application of the additional levy on milk and milk products, it is not contrary to those provisions for a Member
State, after checks have been carried out, to correct the individual reference quantities allocated to each producer and,
after the unused reference quantities have been reallocated, to recalculate in consequence the additional levies payable,
after the final date for payment of those levies for the milk marketing year concerned.
Skouris
Gulmann
Puissochet
Macken
Colneric
Delivered in open court in Luxembourg on 25 March 2004.
R. Grass
V. Skouris
Registrar
President
–
Language of the case: Italian.