user-0 提问: 内存泄露

回复:
user: user-1
content: 崩溃的时候在弹出的对话框按相应按钮进入调试，按Alt+7键查看Call Stack即“调用堆栈”里面从上到下列出的对应从里层到外层的函数调用历史。双击某一行可将光标定位到此次调用的源代码或汇编指令处，看不懂时双击下一行，直到能看懂为止。  仅供参考：//将c:\\tmp文件夹下的所有文件的内容全部放到用malloc分配的内存中 #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <io.h> struct FB {     char fn[256];     size_t fl;     char *b;     struct FB *next;     struct FB *prev; } *fh,*fb,*ft; char ln[256]; char fpn[256]; FILE *af; FILE *f; int L,n; int main() {     system("dir /b /a-d c:\\tmp\\*.* >c:\\allfn.txt");     af=fopen("c:\\allfn.txt","r");     if (NULL==af) {         printf("Can not open file c:\\allfn.txt!\n");         return 1;     }     fh=NULL;     fb=NULL;     n=0;     while (1) {         if (NULL==fgets(ln,256,af)) break;         L=strlen(ln);         if ('\n'==ln[L-1]) ln[L-1]=0;         printf("read %s\n",ln);         strcpy(fpn,"c:\\tmp\\");         strcat(fpn,ln);         ft=(struct FB *)malloc(sizeof(struct FB));         if (NULL==ft) {             printf("Can not malloc ft!\n");             fclose(af);             return 2;//之前的malloc在main退出后由操作系统自动free         }         printf("ft[%d]==%p\n",n,ft);         strcpy(ft->fn,fpn);         f=fopen(fpn,"rb");         if (NULL==f) {             printf("Can not open file %s!\n",fpn);             fclose(af);             return 3;//之前的malloc在main退出后由操作系统自动free         }         ft->fl=_filelength(fileno(f));         ft->b=malloc(ft->fl);         if (NULL==ft->b) {             printf("Can not malloc ft->b!\n");             fclose(f);             fclose(af);             return 4;//之前的malloc在main退出后由操作系统自动free         }         printf("ft[%d]->b==%p\n",n,ft->b);         if (ft->fl!=fread(ft->b,1,ft->fl,f)) {             printf("fread error!\n");             fclose(f);             fclose(af);             return 5;//之前的malloc在main退出后由操作系统自动free         }         fclose(f);         ft->next=NULL;          if (NULL==fh) {             ft->prev=NULL;             fh=ft;         } else {             fb->next=ft;             ft->prev=fb;         }         fb=ft;         n++;     }     fclose(af);     printf("-----list-----\n");     for (ft=fh;NULL!=ft;ft=ft->next) {         printf("%8d %s\n",ft->fl,ft->fn);         if (NULL!=ft) fb=ft;     }     printf("-----free-----\n");     n--;     if (NULL!=fh) {         for (ft=fb->prev;NULL!=ft;ft=ft->prev) {             if (NULL!=ft->next->b) {                 printf("ft[%d]->b==%p\n",n,ft->next->b);                 free(ft->next->b);             }             if (NULL!=ft->next) {                 printf("ft[%d]==%p\n",n,ft->next);                 free(ft->next);             }             n--;         }         if (NULL!=fh->b) {             printf("ft[0]->b==%p\n",fh->b);             free(fh->b);         }         printf("ft[0]==%p\n",fh);         free(fh);     }     return 0; } //C:\tmp\tmp\Debug>dir /a-d c:\tmp // 驱动器 C 中的卷是 C_HD5_1 // 卷的序列号是 1817-D526 // // c:\tmp 的目录 // //找不到文件 // //C:\tmp\tmp\Debug>tmp //找不到文件 //-----list----- //-----free----- // //C:\tmp\tmp\Debug>dir /a-d c:\tmp // 驱动器 C 中的卷是 C_HD5_1 // 卷的序列号是 1817-D526 // // c:\tmp 的目录 // //2011-06-30  18:04            44,840 my_c.rar //2011-06-30  17:18             1,036 err.frm //2011-06-30  14:32            14,243 出租.txt //2011-06-28  12:08            23,681 MSDN98书签.txt //             4 个文件         83,800 字节 //             0 个目录 17,041,870,848 可用字节 // //C:\tmp\tmp\Debug>tmp //read my_c.rar //ft[0]==00421800 //ft[0]->b==00520068 //read err.frm //ft[1]==00421670 //ft[1]->b==0052AFC0 //read 出租.txt //ft[2]==00421530 //ft[2]->b==00378F28 //read MSDN98书签.txt //ft[3]==004213F0 //ft[3]->b==0052B3F8 //-----list----- // 44840 c:\tmp\my_c.rar //  1036 c:\tmp\err.frm // 14243 c:\tmp\出租.txt // 23681 c:\tmp\MSDN98书签.txt //-----free----- //ft[3]->b==0052B3F8 //ft[3]==004213F0 //ft[2]->b==00378F28 //ft[2]==00421530 //ft[1]->b==0052AFC0 //ft[1]==00421670 //ft[0]->b==00520068 //ft[0]==00421800 // //C:\tmp\tmp\Debug>

user: user-2
content: 代码是错的 char  *p = NULL;      ／／p指向NULL p = (char *)malloc(10);          //p指向刚申请的10个字节内存 p ="hello";                       ／／p指向一个常量字符串“hello”(此时已经内存泄漏) printf("%s\n", p);       ／／输出“hello” free(p);         //试图free常量字符串“hello”,应该出错 return 0;     你可以把p ="hello";      改为 strcpy() 或者 memcpy();

user: user-1
content: #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main() { char  *p = NULL; p = (char *)malloc(10);//在堆上申请10个字节的空间并将其首地址保存在p中 p ="hello";            //将p的值修改为字符串常量的起始地址"hello"，原来p的值没人管了 printf("%s\n", p); free(p);               //free的地址不是以前malloc返回的地址，出现异常错误，导致进程自动退出。 return 0;    }   free Deallocates or frees a memory block.  void free( void *memblock );  Function Required Header Compatibility  free <stdlib.h> and <malloc.h> ANSI, Win 95, Win NT    For additional compatibility information, see Compatibility in the Introduction.  Libraries  LIBC.LIB Single thread static library, retail version  LIBCMT.LIB Multithread static library, retail version  MSVCRT.LIB Import library for MSVCRT.DLL, retail version    Return Value  None  Parameter  memblock  Previously allocated memory block to be freed  Remarks  The free function deallocates a memory block (memblock) that was previously allocated by a call to calloc, malloc, or realloc. The number of freed bytes is equivalent to the number of bytes requested when the block was allocated (or reallocated, in the case of realloc). If memblock is NULL, the pointer is ignored and free immediately returns. Attempting to free an invalid pointer (a pointer to a memory block that was not allocated by calloc, malloc, or realloc) may affect subsequent allocation requests and cause errors.  After a memory block has been freed, _heapmin minimizes the amount of free memory on the heap by coalescing the unused regions and releasing them back to the operating system. Freed memory that is not released to the operating system is restored to the free pool and is available for allocation again.  When the application is linked with a debug version of the C run-time libraries, free resolves to _free_dbg. For more information about how the heap is managed during the debugging process, see Using C Run-Time Library Debugging Support.  Example  /* MALLOC.C: This program allocates memory with  * malloc, then frees the memory with free.  */  #include <stdlib.h>         /* For _MAX_PATH definition */ #include <stdio.h> #include <malloc.h>  void main( void ) {    char *string;     /* Allocate space for a path name */    string = malloc( _MAX_PATH );    if( string == NULL )       printf( "Insufficient memory available\n" );    else    {       printf( "Memory space allocated for path name\n" );       free( string );       printf( "Memory freed\n" );    } }   Output  Memory space allocated for path name Memory freed   Memory Allocation Routines  See Also   _alloca, calloc, malloc, realloc, _free_dbg, _heapmin