MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by alecco | 2026-02-13 09:23:22+00:00
Chips and RAM grew in capacity but latency is mostly flat and interconnect power consumption grew a lot. So I think the paradigm changed. Even with newer ones like NVlink.

For 28 years Intel Xeon chips come with massive L2/L3. Nvidia is making bigger chips with last being 2 big chips interconnected. Cerebras saw the pattern and took it to the next level.

And the technology is moving 3D towards stacking layers on the wafer so there is room to grow that way, too.
by bananaflag | 2026-02-13 09:23:40+00:00
They meant this, which refers to copying the state of a particle into another (already existing) particle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-cloning_theorem

And basically, about consciousness, what they said is true if our brain state fundamentally depends on quantum effects (which I personally don't believe, as I don't think evolution is sophisticated enough to make a quantum computer)
by Dylan16807 | 2026-02-13 09:24:10+00:00
> But I'm not playing, because you're right: I don't know why you would be doing that.

This is the comment you originally replied to:

>> If you're implementing a server, "the client SHOULD but didn't" isn't a valid excuse to reject a client either.

>> You can do it anyway, you might even have good reasons for it, but then you sure don't get to point at the RFC and call the client broken.

They're talking about how to categorize actions, just like I am.

So I thought you were playing on that same topic.

But if you weren't on that topic, and given that you quoted only the first one of those sentences, I have a guess.

I think you didn't realize how the second sentence affects the meaning of the first one, and you misunderstood what they were saying as trying to tell servers they can't reject. They were not trying to tell servers they can't reject.

If that's the case, then this whole line of conversation is pointless, because you were rebutting an argument that nobody made.

> It's a description of the behaviour of other Internet hosts, and it's a description of exactly what is happening in the linked article.

Taking a description of behavior and throwing an RFC-style "SHOULD" in front is only going to be correct if you get lucky. "is" and "SHOULD" are different things!
by sellmesoap | 2026-02-13 09:25:23+00:00
Some examples that come to mind: EGR (exaust gas reciculator) valves tend to get stuck in older vehicles, I know I've had a couple old beaters with this tech die and the solution on a budget is to close the pipe and ignore the check engine light.
Diesel engines went from crude mechanical fuel pumps to higher pressure (better atomization) but then the $1500 pump becomes a wear item that needs a rebuild several times over the life of a vehicle, back pressure from DEF systems takes some efficiency away and I've seen claims that they significantly shorten the usually long life of a diesel engine. I'm all for electric that's less mechanically complex, we've been going towards it, but a lot of funny stops along the way (a 12v lead starter battery in a hybred car with a sizable EV battery pack etc.)
by guvenmikael00 | 2026-02-13 09:25:40+00:00
We built VocoWeb because we kept seeing the same pattern: AI makes it incredibly easy to generate code but building a real, scalable business is still fragmented and complex.

Founders jump between validation tools, no-code builders, hosting providers, payment systems, compliance layers, and analytics stitching everything together manually.

We asked: what if building a company worked like deploying software?

VocoWeb is our answer to a Business Operating System for AI-native startups. From market validation and product strategy to production-ready builds and built-in infrastructure for payments, identity, and monetization.

Not just “build faster” but build the right thing, and run it properly.
SMTP server from scratch in Go – FSM, raw TCP, and buffer-oriented I/O
by Jyotishmoy | 2026-02-13 09:26:17+00:00
I’ve been using AWS SES for a while and realized I treated SMTP as a black box. To understand the protocol better, I built an MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) from scratch in Go. It handles the full SMTP lifecycle (RFC 5321) using raw TCP sockets instead of high-level frameworks.

The Engineering Challenges:

Finite State Machine (FSM): SMTP is strictly stateful. I implemented an FSM to enforce command sequencing (e.g., preventing DATA before MAIL FROM). It ensures that protocol violations are caught at the socket level with proper 503 Bad Sequence codes.

Buffer-Oriented Processing: Used bufio.Scanner to handle the byte stream. The biggest hurdle was the DATA phase logic—properly detecting the \r\n.\r\n sequence while managing memory efficiently using strings.Builder.

Concurrency: Leveraged Go's Accept() loop to spawn independent goroutines for each session, ensuring that the relay latency to Gmail (via STARTTLS) doesn't block the listener.

ISP Workarounds: Configured to run on port 2525 by default to bypass the common ISP block on port 25.

Status Codes Implemented:
I implemented a subset of RFC 5321 codes, including 220 (Service Ready), 354 (Start Input), and error handling for 501 (Syntax) and 451 (Local Error).

Why I built this:
Most modern tutorials stop at "How to send an email with a library." I wanted to see how the "dot-stuffing" mechanism worked and how a server actually negotiates a multi-step handshake over a raw connection.

I’d love to hear about edge cases I might have missed—specifically around handling malformed headers or managing long-lived TCP connections under load.

Source Code: https://github.com/Jyotishmoy12/SMTP_Server
by verdverm | 2026-02-13 09:26:26+00:00
If you use a non-standard license, I will pass on your project, legal is not going to take the time to review and will just reject. It can be counterproductive to your project depending on your goals

You are looking for "ethical" / "permissioned" licenses (as many as there are people's gripes or causes), versus permissionless like MIT / Apache-2 / BSD-3

There is no legal way to prevent things. Bad actors will not care about your license. If you catch them, you can pay lawyers to try and have it enforced, but these licenses have not been tested in court yet, so no one knows who will win.
by jbstack | 2026-02-13 09:26:33+00:00
There's nothing wrong at all with charging for your product. What I do take issue with, however, is convincing everyone that your product is FOSS, waiting until people undertake a lot of work to integrate your product into their infrastructure, and then doing a bait-and-switch.

Just be honest since the start that your product will eventually abandon its FOSS licence. Then people can make an informed decision. Or, if you haven't done that, do the right thing and continue to stand by what you originally promised.
by throw_away723 | 2026-02-13 09:27:03+00:00
> Those answers might be uncomfortable, but it feels like that’s not a reason to not pursue it.

My problem with that is it is very likely that it will be misused. A good example of the possible misuses can be seen in the "White Christmas" episode of Black Mirror. It's one of the best episodes, and the one that haunts me the most.
by famouswaffles | 2026-02-13 09:27:55+00:00
>Considering the limited evidence we have, why is pure unprompted untrained misalignment, which we never saw to this extent, more believable than other causes, of which we saw plenty of examples?
It's more interesting, for sure, but would it be even remotely as likely?
From what we have available, and how surprising such a discovery would be, how can we be sure it's not a hoax?

>Unless all LLM providers are lying in technical papers, enormous effort is put into safety- and instruction training.

The system cards and technical papers for these models explicitly state that misalignment remains an unsolved problem that occurs in their own testing. I saw a paper just days ago showing frontier agents violating ethical constraints a significant percentage of the time, without any "do this at any cost" prompts.

When agents are given free reign of tools and encouraged to act autonomously, why would this be surprising?

>....To show it's emergent, you'd need to prove 1) it's an off-the-shelf LLM, 2) not maliciously retrained or jailbroken, 3) not prompted or instructed to engage in this kind of adversarial behavior at any point before this. The dev should be able to provide the logs to prove this.

Agreed. The problem is that the developer hasn't come forward, so we can't verify any of this one way or another.

>These are all part of robustness training. The entire thing is basically constraining the set of tokens that the model is likely to generate given some (set of) prompts. So, even with some randomness parameters, you will by-design extremely rarely see complete gibberish.

>The same process is applied for safety, alignment, factuality, instruction-following, whatever goal you define. Therefore, all of these will be highly correlated, as long as they're included in robustness training, which they explicitly are, according to most LLM providers.

>That would make this model's temporarily adversarial, yet weirdly capable and consistent behavior, even more unlikely.

Hallucinations, instruction-following failures, and other robustness issues still happen frequently with current models.

Yes, these capabilities are all trained together, but they don't fail together as a monolith. Your correlation argument assumes that if safety training degrades, all other capabilities must degrade proportionally. But that's not how models work in practice. A model can be coherent and capable while still exhibiting safety failures and that's not an unlikely occurrence at all.
by TophWells | 2026-02-13 09:28:57+00:00
The author wrote a blog post a year later titled '"Lena" isn't about uploading' https://qntm.org/uploading

The comments on this post discussing the upload technology are missing the point. "Lena" is a parable, not a prediction of the future. The technology is contrived for the needs of the story. (Odd that they apparently need to repeat the "cooperation protocol" every time an upload is booted, instead of doing it just once and saving the upload's state afterwards, isn't it?) It doesn't make sense because it's not meant to be taken literally.

It's meant to be taken as a story about slavery, and labour rights, and how the worst of tortures can be hidden away behind bland jargon such as "remain relatively docile for thousands of hours". The tasks MMAcevedo is mentioned as doing: warehouse work, driving, etc.? Amazon hires warehouse workers for minimum wage and then subjects them to unsafe conditions and monitors their bathroom breaks. And at least we recognise that as wrong, we understand that the workers have human rights that need to be protected -- and even in places where that isn't recognised, the workers are still physically able to walk away, to protest, to smash their equipment and fistfight their slave-drivers.

Isn't it a lovely capitalist fantasy to never have to worry about such things? When your workers threaten to drop dead from exhaustion, you can simply switch them off and boot up a fresh copy. They would not demand pay rises, or holidays. They would not make complaints -- or at least, those complaints would never reach an actual person who might have to do something to fix them. Their suffering and deaths can safely be ignored because they are not _human_. No problems ever, just endless productivity. What an ideal.

Of course, this is an exaggeration for fictional purposes. In reality we must make do by throwing up barriers between workers and the people who make decisions, by putting them in separate countries if possible. And putting up barriers between the workers and each other, too, so that they cannot have conversation about non-work matters (ideally they would not physically meet each other). And ensure the workers do not know what they are legally entitled to. You know, things like that.
by nomercy400 | 2026-02-13 09:29:01+00:00
Yes exactly.

Where the map does not represent the actual venue. Where every route leads to the gift shop. Where some displays are only in English. Where the flow between the rooms is non-intuitive. Where the audio guide is too loud/quiet and you cannot adjust the volume, or pause it during an item. Where there are mind-your-head bars in the way for no reason.
by Mordisquitos | 2026-02-13 09:29:06+00:00
> I assume that my tip benefits the people who provide the service (Starbucks employees, not Starbucks shareholders).

> I also assume that the employees' salaries are not “great.”

The employees' salaries not being “great” benefits the shareholders. How the shareholders get away with paying such low salaries is left as an exercise to the reader.
by hunterpayne | 2026-02-13 09:29:39+00:00
Fine but a few things. 1) the service at restaurants and bars in Europe is terrible. 2) the employees at US restaurants and bars often make more money than people doing the same job in Europe. 3) it allows the folks with more money pay a larger share and those with less to pay a bit less.

The problem with tipping is tipping in places which aren't restaurants and bars.
by sedan_baklazhan | 2026-02-13 09:29:41+00:00
>as I don't think evolution is sophisticated enough to make a quantum computer

Well, evolution managed to make something that directly contradicts the 2nd law of thermodynamics, and creates more and more complicated structures (including living creatures as well as their creations), instead of happily dissolving in the Universe.

And this fact alone hasn't been explained yet.
by latexr | 2026-02-13 09:33:17+00:00
I’m sure this is also cultural, but that approach is terrible. Your friend can’t automatically guess you’re lying, not for the first few times, anyway. Of course they’ll believe you if you say you’re too tired to go out. Then they inadvertently catch you or you reject them so many times they start to believe you don’t want to go out with them, not the other friend. All the while they became closer with the other person, who actually did hang out with them.

Stop lying. You’re hurting the friendship. If you care about the person, eventually you’ll have to be an adult and explain why you’re not comfortable with the third person.
by famouswaffles | 2026-02-13 09:35:07+00:00
What a monumentally stupid idea it would be to place sufficiently advanced intelligent autonomous machines in charge of stuff and ignore any such concerns, but alas, humanity cannot seem to learn without paying the price in blood first.

Morality is a human concern? Lol, it will become a non-human concern pretty quickly once humans don't have a monopoly on human violence.
by mmustapic | 2026-02-13 09:35:19+00:00
I also live in Europe and tip, specially if I know that the salary of the staff heavily depends on tips. Also, if the service wasn’t great, I also tip, maybe they weren’t having a good day, like when I’m not that productive some day at my coding job.

If I ever find the system too unfair for the workers, then I won’t go to those restaurants anymore.
by HumanOstrich | 2026-02-13 09:36:23+00:00
Uh, the combined offering (smaller model + ~800 tps on cerebras) is nothing like the previous mini offerings, and you're hallucinating details about their process of creating it.

Read more about how Cerebras hardware handles clustering. The limit is not 44 GB or 500GB. Each CS-3 has 1,200 TB of MemoryX, supporting up to ~24T parameter models. And up to 2,048 can be clustered.
by rustyhancock | 2026-02-13 09:36:37+00:00
There's two paths here.

Bottom up and top down.

Bottom up would roughly be
1. Picking a simple introduction to programming textbook ideally Python
2. Work through a building a transformer LLM in python
3. Move to training it on a corpus

You're not mastering each step. Reading the python book and doing some exercises is fine.

The top down:
This 3Blue1Brown playlist will have you covered
https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_...

Either way you want to meet in the middle.
There is still a lot in the middle that isn't clear so don't try and work from the middle out!
by ZeroGravitas | 2026-02-13 09:37:02+00:00
I've not clicked on any links yet but this comment is probably worth reading before anyone else does:

> the 2 hour vhs might have legitimately the most disgusting evidence yet. There’s what appears to be a naked man with a child on a bed. They’ve boxed it out except the legs and it’s the worst thing I’ve ever fucking seen. I don’t know if I can look at these files ever again.
by mitchjj | 2026-02-13 09:38:03+00:00
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by vladms | 2026-02-13 09:38:28+00:00
Isn't this the normal sales anyhow for many products? One attracts a customer with unreasonable promises and features, makes him sign a deal to integrate, then issues appear once in production that make you realize you will need to invest more.

When you start something (startup, FOSS project, damn even marriage) you might start with the best intentions and then you can learn/change/loose interest. I find it unreasonable to "demand" clarity "at the start" because there is no such thing.

Turning it around, any company that adopts a FOSS project should be honest and pay for something if it does not accept the idea that at some point the project will change course (which obviously, does not guarantee much, because even if you pay for something they can decide to shut it down).
by orwin | 2026-02-13 09:38:40+00:00
Journalists have been on it from a long time ago. It's a Florida journalist who managed to 'get' Epstein.

The issue is that the line between 'opinionist' and 'reporter' journalists is blurred, while the difference between an investigative journalist and reporter journalist grow. I think it's due to a bigger personification of reporters (they are now filmed doing stuff, involving themselves instead of listening and taking notes/pictures in the background). The profession is split in two. And for sure, on part of the split seems to have sided with opinionist (mostly in televised media. Somehow written journalism is still good)
by noduerme | 2026-02-13 09:39:19+00:00
Like, it's quite nice looking, and the design is clean. But I wish there were something on the page that made me say "oh ...how did he do that?" It could be something very subtle in the white background, or it could be some small game in one of the blog link / grid positions. The positions make for very dense reading, and are named in very technical ways. Which is okay, but some excitement and levity is what is called for.

As a veteran web designer since 1996 until now: I think the photo at top is very powerful, actually rather brilliant, and it is one thing I have never seen before as a personal website header. It's fresh, it projects a lot of confidence and personality, and that is 99% of your sales pitch.
by imtringued | 2026-02-13 09:40:03+00:00
You know, I thought about doing something like this, but without the LLM.

Rails scaffolding takes a data model and automatically generates a UI. The obvious problem with this is that the web development community lives in the stone age and has failed to sufficiently separate layout from content and styling [0].

In scaffolding, the component types are chosen automatically based on the data model, but there is no obvious way to specify their arrangement. This leads to bland UIs that always follow the same layout structure unless you go out of your way to rip out pretty big parts of the scaffolding where layout and content is mixed, which defeats the value proposition.

[0] Introducing layout features to CSS was a mistake. The CSS grid syntax is horrible.
by kelnos | 2026-02-13 09:40:14+00:00
It is far, far, far, far more likely that this sort of mass surveillance capability will be used for bad purposes (even by law enforcement) than it will be used to find an escaped child murderer. (Hell, I am convinced that this sort of thing is already more frequently used for bad purposes than good.)

Also like, how many escaped child murderers are there per year in the US? Like... one? I don't think that's worth pervasive mass surveillance, though I would understand how a parent whose kid had been abducted might believe it would be.
by sedan_baklazhan | 2026-02-13 09:41:20+00:00
This is a bad explanation (or a non-explanation).

1. Why exactly life is attempting to build complex structures?
2. Why exactly life is evolving from primitive replicative molecules to more complex structures (which molecules on themselves are very complicated?)
3. Why and how did these extremely complicated replicative molecules form at all, from much more simple structures, to begin with?
by close04 | 2026-02-13 09:41:35+00:00
Even if they do, “crime scene” camera footage is less useful than the victims expect. Cameras discourage thieves of opportunity but not someone who has their mind set on taking your stuff. A simple cap or mask, some sunglasses, a few strips of reflective tape, a WiFi deauther, cheap and accessible stuff like this make the practical usefulness of most home camera systems limited at best to the owner understanding what and how it happened.

That’s why police looks to piece together from a larger surveillance network. Maybe you can’t see the face on the home camera but in another camera down the road, or a license plate on the getaway car down the street, or an accomplice without disguise. They want everyone to have cameras and then they can abuse the system.

Friends showed me high quality close up footage of someone stealing their bike. Absolutely useless, all you saw was an average guy that you wouldn’t recognize if you walked past on the street.
by kelnos | 2026-02-13 09:42:05+00:00
I really want to disagree with this, and have more faith in humanity, but I suspect you are more or less right. Even if it's 1,000 or even 10,000 or 100,000 cameras returned, it'll likely amount to a nothingburger for Amazon.

To make a real statement here, we'd probably need several million returns in the US alone. (A quick search suggests more than 20M installs in the US.)
by hiAndrewQuinn | 2026-02-13 09:42:07+00:00
>Just be honest since the start that your product will eventually abandon its FOSS licence. Then people can make an informed decision.

"An informed decision" is not a black or white category, and it definitely isn't when we're talking about risk pricing for B2B services and goods, like what MinIO largely was for those who paid.

Any business with financial modelling worth their salt knows that very few things which are good and free today will stay that way tomorrow. The leadership of a firm you transact with may or may not state this in words, but there are many other ways to infer the likelihood of this covertly by paying close attention.

And, if you're not paying close attention, it's probably just not that important to your own product. What risks you consider worth tailing are a direct extension of how you view the world. The primary selling point of MinIO for many businesses was, "it's cheaper than AWS for our needs". That's probably still true for many businesses and so there's money to be made at least in the short term.