MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by zdragnar | 2026-02-04 14:45:19+00:00
There's no legal definition per Congress. Generally speaking, braces are intended to stabilize a pistol against your arm [0], whereas a rifle stock is meant to stabilize against your shoulder. However, braces can technically be "misused" such that the rear of the brace fits against the shoulder, meaning it is used as a stock. Likewise, the distinction is so small something as simple as a sling attachment to the stock could make it a brace, or an articulation that could be used as a cheek rest turn a brace into a stock, converting a pistol into a rifle or vice versa.
For awhile, the only way to know the difference was for the manufacturer to submit an NFA and hope.

The ATF has been in court (and lost) quite a bit [1] over this.

[0] there's a nice picture and writeup here of a pistol brace being setup https://www.thetruthaboutguns.com/gear-review-sig-sb15-pisto...

[1] a brief rundown of the 2023-2025 legal rulings https://www.fflguard.com/atf-pistol-brace-rule/
by keepamovin | 2026-02-04 14:45:24+00:00
There's no crowds or sides. It's all manufactured divisions because some of those who can't or don't want to create the technology are determined to control it. So they'll get you mad about what they need to, to justify actions that increase their control.

It's the same playbook that is used again and again. For war, civil liberties crackdowns, lockdowns, COVID, etc, etc: 0) I want (1); start playbook: A) Something bad is here, B) You need to feel X + Panic about it, C) We are solving it via (1). Because you reacted at B, you will support C. Problem, reaction, solution. Gives the playmakers the (1) they want.

We all know this is going on. But I guess we like knowing someone is pulling the strings. We like being led and maybe even manipulated because perhaps in the familiar system (which yields the undeniable goods of our current way of life), there is safety and stability? How else to explain.

Maybe the need to be entertained with drama is a hackable side effect of stable societies populated by people who evolved warriors, hunters and survivors.
by qoez | 2026-02-04 14:46:09+00:00
> Training and serving frontier AI at scale takes hundreds of thousands of GPUs. xAI’s Colossus cluster reportedly has 200,000 GPUs. OpenAI has plans for millions of them. Competing in this market would require launching hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of satellites into space

No? You'd only need one with lots of gpus on the ship at the same time
by alluro2 | 2026-02-04 14:46:10+00:00
As someone for whom English is not the first language, I got stumped by the "chest freezer" and the photo of colourful bags, for good ~15 seconds, going through - "hm, must be some kind of travel thing where you bring snacks in some kind of device you carry around your neck / on your chest...why not backpack freezer then...hm, why would snacks need a freezer...maybe it's just a cooler box, but called chest freezer in some places"...

....before I took a better look of the photo and realised it's frozen stuff - for the dedicated freezer - that opens like a chest (tada).

Well, that was fun...Maybe I should get a bit more sleep tonight!
by myrmidon | 2026-02-04 14:46:21+00:00
> I don't know about that. Would "I didn't know it was real" really count as a legal defense?

Absolutely-- prosecution would presumably need to at least show that you could have known the material was "genuine".

This could be a huge legal boon for prosecuted "direct customers" and co-perpetrators that can only be linked via shared material.
by cess11 | 2026-02-04 14:46:21+00:00
Web searching a bit seems to say that e.g. tourists can use their foreign issued cards and typically carry their issuers' limits with them, unless the merchant has their own limits for some reason.

Putting stricter limits on intermediate devices like pocket computers doesn't seem very tyrannical to me. Interac's web site says the typical default limit would be 2-3000 CAD, i.e. 12-1800 euros or so, unless you have a small business account, then it's more like 25000 CAD.

If you often find yourself spending thousands of CAD on a whim, perhaps it would be a good idea to open accounts with a bank that is tailored to people with a lot of money. I'm sure there are some available in Canada.
by LightBug1 | 2026-02-04 14:47:01+00:00
Ok, let's take all of that as a given ... (and I've not clicked on one link, or read one line of it, so this is assumption).

Even after all of that... I'd still live in Europe any day of the week instead of your sh1thole country. How's your gestapo crackdown going? Your nation is currently as stain on democratic landscape. I hope you move beyond it.

You're welcome.
by longtermop | 2026-02-04 14:47:19+00:00
Interesting approach — how are you thinking about security boundaries when aggregating context from multiple sources? Pulling in emails, docs, and chat history into one context window seems to create new injection vectors: a malicious email could embed instructions that influence behavior across the entire session. I've been working on input sanitization for exactly this kind of cross-tool boundary (PromptShield at Aeris). Curious if you've encountered adversarial inputs in testing?
by disgruntledphd2 | 2026-02-04 14:47:37+00:00
Yeah, but basically all of those are either standard for SMEs or no-ops.

For instance, if I run a bakery and sell baked goods online, I'm probably using Shopify who comply with this with one button.

Even if I built the baking website myself, all I need is email address and physical address to send delicious baked goods to you. I need to keep the payment records for a long time (for dispute prevention if nothing else) but that's it.

Where is the GDPR hassle in this case?

Just stop collecting data you don't need (or make sure it's for a good reason, like fraud prevention) and you'll be fine.

If said bakery creates accounts, it's a little more involved but basically you just need to implement soft delete to comply with your obligations.

I'm not sure this is a massive hit, can you help me understand what SMEs exactly are going to be hit by complex GDPR compliance?
by zeech | 2026-02-04 14:47:56+00:00
> "Ultraprocessed" is at least a tangible definition

The Nova system's classification for UPFs seems to be what the majority of people who refer to them use as a definition.

In the Nova system, there are four main groups of food:

- Group one has 'unprocessed or minimally processed' foods, e.g. grains and fresh fruits.

- Group two has 'processed culinary ingredients'. These include foods that use naturally-derived ingredients like salt and flour.

- Group three has foods that combine the first two, like salted nuts, and can also include things with some added preservatives or flavourings.

- Group four is ultraprocessed foods. These are defined as industrially-manufactured foods made with multiple ingredients (typically multiple oils, sugars, fats, and salt) and ingredients with minimal culinary use.

The issue with group four is that it's far broader than it should be. For instance, under the Nova system sparkling water is a UPF because it's carbonated, and carbonation is considered a chemical additive. It also classifies anything with, say, Stevia as a UPF even though it's a perfectly safe artificial sweetener. It's broad enough that it covers tofu, various cheeses, and various breads, to name a few.

It also ignores the actual nutritional content of the foods (which the original Nova paper touches on, I think, specifically saying it's not meant to be used for nutrient profiling).

> How would you prove that a given food item is "hyperpalatable"?

I was recently looking at a study about this [0]. The three criterion that have been found to best define hyperpalatability are as follows:

(1) Foods with over 25% of calories from fat and more than 0.3% sodium by weight

(2) Foods with over 20% of calories from fat and more than 20% of calories from simple sugars

(3) Foods with over 40% of calories from carbs (not counting dietary fibre and simple sugars) and more than 0.2% sodium by weight

[0] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31689013/
by PaulHoule | 2026-02-04 14:47:56+00:00
In NY an individual can grow up to 5 plants legally a year and that's really a lot.

Because the hemp laws were poorly written, this product was legal in all 50 states

https://cyclingfrog.com/

The 10mg THC drinks give a whiff of cannabis when you open one and produce an intoxication similar to smoking with an experience similar to drinking an alcoholic drink. It's more expensive than the cheapest beer, but similar to a reasonably priced wine or drink in a bar. Unfortunately these will be gone in most places by the end of 2026.
by killme2008 | 2026-02-04 14:48:15+00:00
Hi HN — I’m the creator of GreptimeDB. We just shipped v1.0.0-rc.1 (our first 1.0 release candidate / feature-freeze milestone).

Highlights:

Online region repartition (SPLIT/MERGE) to adjust partitions at runtime (distributed clusters; shared object storage + GC).

Faster Metric Engine PK filters via memcomparable byte comparisons (microbench: ~20–90× on dense codec).

PromQL planner prefers TSID (skips unnecessary label columns).

Would love feedback from folks running observability/time-series workloads, especially on upgrade paths + repartition behavior in real clusters. GitHub releases/changelog: https://github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptimedb/releases
by 5upplied_demand | 2026-02-04 14:48:19+00:00
Everything depends on actual implementation. In healthcare, for example, we already had a system where state money was sent to private healthcare and pharmaceutical companies corporations. The problem was that the poorest people still had trouble getting covered. This proposal would have broadened the scope of who can afford that by providing poorer folks with direct government subsidies for coverage. Nobody is calling subsidize childcare in Scandinavian countries a "right-wing policy" because private providers exist.

Lowering military spending by aggressively shrinking active duty troop levels and eliminating weapons programs is certainly left-wing. Raising income taxes on the highest earners and raising the corporate tax rate have always been associated with left-wing policies in the US.
by zbentley | 2026-02-04 14:48:20+00:00
> Security has certain cost associated to implement it

The article makes a strong case that, at least for minimum viable/ordinary security measures, the cost is $0.

The projector in question wasn't missing features that would have consumed any amount of the issuing company's margin to implement; it was missing features that would have consumed at most a couple of meetings and a junior dev spending 30min watching the first three YouTube results for "consumer device security issues", and then another 30min copy/pasting standard mitigations into place.

If they'd done the basic due diligence of putting a lock on the metaphorical door, they wouldn't have even had to spend the QA cycles making sure the lock was secure (though that would be nice). But instead they opted to ship sans security entirely.
by datsci_est_2015 | 2026-02-04 14:48:30+00:00
But you would agree that, despite the DEA not raiding dispensaries in legal states, the fact that marijuana is still a Schedule 1 drug still has some meaning? It’s almost retained as a pretense to keep certain prisoners behind bars despite the rest of society kind of moving on from the Reagan-era propaganda. So even though non-enforcement is the norm and expectation, the law still has an impact on society.

The purposes and effects of laws are complicated. This thread started because someone blithely claimed that the US is in a better situation because they have no laws concerning privacy because GPDR is difficult to enforce. I’m pushing back against that (as a US citizen) because it’s a damaging and myopic viewpoint that may or may not be based in American exceptionalism or techbro cynicism or something else entirely.
by throw0101a | 2026-02-04 14:48:37+00:00
> Unlike most common law jurisdictions, the United States doesn't have a central land registry due to lobbying from the title insurance industry.

These scammers will either (a) start with a stolen identity and see what land that person owns and try to sell it, or (b) find an interesting piece of land and steal that person's identity and pretend to be them.

In either case a 'definitive' database (or lack thereof) is not the problem.

Ontario and BC (e.g.) in Canada have a land registry:

* https://www.ontario.ca/page/overview-land-registry

* https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/housing-tenancy/real-esta...

That hasn't stopped fraud (attempts):

* https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/three-charged-stolen-...

* https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64547396
by hnrayst | 2026-02-04 14:49:05+00:00
This is actually a pretty big deal for journalists. Hannah Natanson (the WaPo reporter) had her home searched by FBI in Jan as part of a leak investigation - having Lockdown Mode enabled actually protected her sources and work product.

It's a real world example of how these security features aren't just for "paranoid people" but serve a legit purpose for people who handle sensitive info. The San Bernardino case took months and cost $1M+ for the FBI to crack, and that was years ago. Apple's security has only gotten stronger since.

Sure, there's valid concerns about locked down computing, but for journalists facing government pressure, this stuff matters.
by hnrayst | 2026-02-04 14:49:14+00:00
Whats interesting here is the contrast - they actually got into her MacBook using biometrics (forced her finger on Touch ID per the warrant), but Lockdown Mode's USB restrictions stopped Cellebrite/Graykey from extracting the iPhone. So its not just about the phone being encrypted, its that the physical forensic tools literally cant interface with it properly when LM is enabled.

The whole biometric unlock thing raises its own 5th Amendment questions tbh. Courts have been inconsistent on whether forcing fingerprint/face unlock counts as compelled testimony or just a physical act like providing a DNA sample.
by Dacit | 2026-02-04 14:49:16+00:00
In the described case, this was a simple user error. But you are right nonetheless: To enable the concurrency, the system uses a parallel inference kernel (https://www21.in.tum.de/~wenzelm/papers/parallel-isabelle.pd...). I have heard the anecdote that in the first version, this also allowed one to prove false, by fulfilling a proof promise with a proof that depended recursively on the same promise.

And there are verification tools for verification tools! Isabelle has a verified proof checker that can check whether a given proof is sound: https://www21.in.tum.de/~rosskops/papers/metalogic_pre.pdf
The only caveat is that the proof checker itself is verified in Isabelle...
by disgruntledphd2 | 2026-02-04 14:49:19+00:00
> mpanies to usually notify you if they receive your data as controller (though there are some exceptions), in reality that's not really happening though (e.g. how many payments processors or acquiring banks have notified you about your credit card payments?).

Depending on why they received your data, they may not be allowed to tell you about this. The Bank Secrecy Act has had a lot of weird downstream consequences.
by SideburnsOfDoom | 2026-02-04 14:49:23+00:00
> Notepad++ is one of my favourite editors

Same, but there are 2 basic key features - tabs, and spell check.
There are other nice-to-haves but these are the big ones.

Notepad has those features too now.

Notepad also has a *#&!$ CoPilot button, but at least you can still turn that off the in the settings.
by tw85 | 2026-02-04 14:49:25+00:00
It seems people have a rather short memory when it comes to twitter. When it was still run by Jack Dorsey, CP was abundant on twitter and there was little effort to tamp down on it. After Musk bought the platform, he and Dorsey had a public argument in which Dorsey denied the scale of the problem or that old twitter was aware of it and had shown indifference. But Musk actually did take tangible steps to clean it up and many accounts were banned. It's curious that there wasn't nearly the same level of outrage from the morally righteous HN crowd towards Mr. Dorsey back then as there is in this thread.
by sharperguy | 2026-02-04 14:49:30+00:00
> If you are as good as everyone else, why would YOU get paid more?

If every coal miner could suddenly produce 10x the amount of goal, do people say "well now we can just hire one coal miner instead of 10". Or do they say "now thousands of new project which were not economically viable due to the high price of coal are now viable, meaning we actually need to increase our total output beyond even 10x of what it was previously."
by deofoo | 2026-02-04 14:49:39+00:00
Elixir + Ash is so good, and AI works very well with it because it can understand the domain you are working in. LiveView is amazing, not just for internal tools. I would even say that in most cases it will outperform flashy UIs, because it focuses on actual users who work with the app every day, not people who just want to be impressed for a minute
by shagie | 2026-02-04 14:49:40+00:00
A solar panel deployed to space isn't deployed in its open / unframed configuration. Rather, it's sent in a way that is folded up into a compact volume and then unfolds into the full size.

https://youtu.be/wkume9d4Ogw

You'll note that there is still a frame that it gets unfolded with and that you've got the additional mechanical apparatus to do the unfurling (and the human there to fix it if there are problems.

https://youtu.be/UX4cCKKFVrs

Again, you'll note that there is frame material there.

You don't have a sheet of glass on it, but space doesn't give you the mass savings you think it does.

https://youtu.be/6vjK9vGEw5Q

Those are cutting edge tech (designed to work at Jupiter's distance) and that's about 40 m^2 of space (ten times more than you're describing) and they mass 176 kg ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-025-01190-6 ). If we assume that scales down linearly, the cutting edge technology for solar panels is 20kg for 4m^2 which is more than your estimates. ... And they have problems and can fail to deploy. https://spacenews.com/cygnus-solar-array-fails-to-deploy/ https://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1105/25telstar14r/index.htm... https://www.nasa.gov/history/50-years-ago-skylab-2-astronaut... https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20210020397/downloads/Al...

You'll note that the Cygnus used the same design as Lucy, though smaller.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)

> Starting with the Enhanced variant, the solar panels were also upgraded to the UltraFlex, an accordion fanfold array, and the fuel load was increased to 1,218 kilograms (2,685 lb).

Digging more into Ultra Flex, https://www.eng.auburn.edu/~dbeale/ESMDCourse/Site%20Documen...

> Specific performance with 27% TJ cells: >150 W/kg BOL & > 40 kW/m3 BOL

So there's your number. 150 W/kg of solar panel array. 1 kW is about 7 kg.

They're not cheap.

https://spacenews.com/36576ousted-from-first-orion-flight-ci...

> In 2011, Orbital replaced Dutch Space on the project and gave ATK’s space components division, which was already supplying the substrates for Dutch Space’s Orion solar panels, a $20 million deal to provide UltraFlex arrays for later Cygnus flights.
by wtcactus | 2026-02-04 14:49:59+00:00
I didn't say creating isn't illegal. I said I think it probably shouldn't be illegal.

Any crime that doesn't cause victims is just another way for an oppressive collectivist state to further control their citizens. If you are not harming anyone (like when creating but not sharing these pictures) then it simply shouldn't be a crime. Otherwise, what are you actually punishing? Thoughtcrimes?
by jakewindle47 | 2026-02-04 14:50:00+00:00
> If I can get a solution that is “close enough” in a fraction of the time and effort, it is irrational not to take the AI route. And that is the real problem: I cannot simply turn off my pragmatism.

I've not seen this take yet, but this is exactly how I feel. I do not yet know what I want to do, and my parts of my personality are no longer satisfied by coding. I'm thinking we need some kind of community of people like us where we can discuss these things.

I bring these up with others, and I find that most people around me are just builders.
by DrScientist | 2026-02-04 14:50:32+00:00
> I think the more pertinent point

Not sure it is. Unless the Saas company is ripping you off (sure it can happen - but hopefully competition in the market would manage that over time ), then it won't be that much different from your own maintenance costs.

I always think if that's the business case for custom software ( a few quid license cost savings ) then you probably shouldn't be doing it as there is almost always a better ROI case for transformation through custom software.

So back to the bakery case. Is the benefit savings on license costs, or the fact that you can give much better estimates to customers, better de-risk supply chain issues, hire less people to operate, and improve morale via reducing busy work?

All these sort of things have to be more valuable than a few quid on licensing.
by adrian_b | 2026-02-04 14:50:50+00:00
Yes, graphene appears to offer a negligible improvement over other kinds of paints based on black carbon, e.g. Vantablack.

The research article linked above does not claim a better emissivity than Vantablack, but a resistance to higher temperatures, which is useful for high temperature sensors (used with pyrometers), but irrelevant for a satellite that will never be hotter than 100 Celsius degrees, in order to not damage the electronic equipment.
by kuerbel | 2026-02-04 14:50:53+00:00
Ah well, I'm neurodivergent and it’s challenging for me to write a comment while remembering that others don’t have access to my thoughts and might interpret things differently. And it's too late to edit it now

What I wanted to show is that, clearly different from a camera or other devices, AI can copy originality. OPs comment was pretty original in it's wording, and gpt came pretty close imo. It really wasn't meant as a low effort comment
by rsynnott | 2026-02-04 14:51:11+00:00
Is this going to be that woman who was jailed for demanding the arson of asylum seeker accommodation, again?

Can't even incite mass murder anymore with being put in prison; it's political correctness gone mad!

I mean, given that you haven't provided any examples, I'm just going to go ahead and assume that the word 'critiquing' is being used very, ah, loosely, here. You can, generally, critique all you want; it's when you step over into inciting violence that you get in trouble.
Show HN: NoteBAD++ a PowerShell tool to detect Notepad++ supply chain compromise
by maremmano | 2026-02-04 14:52:21+00:00
Following Kaspersky's disclosure of the Notepad++ supply chain attack (June–Dec 2025), I (and a lot of Claude) built a PowerShell-based IOC scanner to help identify affected systems.

The attack exploited GUP.exe (the auto-updater) to deliver Cobalt Strike/Chrysalis backdoors. While highly targeted (~12 machines globally, mostly gov/finance in APAC), many admins want to verify their systems are clean.

NoteBad++ runs 22 checks: SHA-1/SHA-256 hash verification against known IOCs, registry persistence, malicious services, scheduled tasks, DNS cache, network connections to C2 IPs, event logs, and more.

Requires Admin privileges.

Returns exit code = number of findings (useful for automation).

GitHub: https://github.com/maremmano/notebadpp

If you're running Notepad++ < v8.8.9, I'd recommend updating regardless.
by happytoexplain | 2026-02-04 14:53:51+00:00
>business results should get worse, and management should notice

This is a common oversimplification that results in an enormous amount of waste and bad products/services. Lots of causes and effects are too disconnected to see or too hard to measure. In addition to looking at metrics, good business leadership most also act like a human (which is a depressing thing to have to say): Use common sense; like good things; dislike bad things.