MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by TrackerFF | 2026-01-05 23:50:19+00:00
Other than USA at the moment, who exactly should Greenland be afraid of? If for whatever reason Russia would invade Greenland, then Denmark will invoke article 5. Even if US ignores that, the rest of Europe would fight Russia on Greenland, which in turn would spill over to Europe, and WW3 is a thing.

When the US argues that Greenland is defenseless without them, it's the same as the mafia telling a shop owner that he's defenseless without their protection - when in reality it is the mob who's the threat.

Furthermore it doesn't mater if some Greenlanders want to join the US, it is a democracy. The majority would want it. And by any measure right now, the majority do not want it.
by mandevil | 2026-01-05 23:50:23+00:00
Just a note that the importance of the triad is a very American perspective on deterrence and most other countries don't seem to approach this the same way the US does.

The Russians really have a quad (they also have mobile, truck mounted ICBM's that form a significant part of their deterrent, offering some of the guaranteed second-strike advantages that the US gets from SSBN's- and which their SSBN program does not provide nearly as well as the USN does). The Chinese only recently added a manned aircraft leg of their triad with the JL-1. The Indians technically have a triad- just no silo based systems, all of their land based missiles are from TELs, and they only have two SSBN's and do not do alternate crews so more than 1/3 of the time they don't have any deterrent at sea. The Israeli's are not believed to have any sea-based ballistic missiles, their sea-based deterrent would be Popeye cruise missiles and so vulnerable to interception. The Pakistanis are still building their first sea-based deterrent. The French and the UK have no land-based missiles, they are only sea-based and airplanes. The South Africans invested in the Jericho missile more for its space launched capabilities than its warhead delivery abilities, and never really looked at anything sea-based, so far as is publicly known.
by Lramseyer | 2026-01-05 23:51:10+00:00
As much as I love Zed, I am of the belief that VScode (and its derivatives) will remain the dominant build-your-own IDE for a really long time unless something like Zed can support web based extensions. I created a VScode extension for chip designers and I would love to port it to Zed, but I can't because it's a visualization extension with a custom webview.

I realize the irony here that Zed is fast because it's not web based, but I stand by my claim that being able to optionally display web UIs would be a really cool feature to have. It would open the door to a lot of extensions.
by spmaxwell7 | 2026-01-05 23:51:14+00:00
I’d been using TypeScript enums for a long time because they were a convenient one-stop solution: an enumerable runtime object and a union type of all possible values. After upgrading my React + Vite setup, I started hitting type errors due to the --erasableSyntaxOnly flag, which pushed me to finally replace enums altogether. While that meant moving to plain objects and types, it also highlighted something I’d already disliked about enums—needing extra objects just to manage UI labels.

This was my original setup:

enum Roles {
None,
User,
Admin,
}

const RoleLabels = {
[Roles.None]: '',
[Roles.User]: 'User',
[Roles.Admin]: 'Administrator',
} as const;

A brief alternative I considered was a bidirectional object:

const Roles = {
None: 0,
User: 1,
Admin: 2,
0: '',
1: 'User',
2: 'Administrator',
} as const;

This had several major issues, though. I still needed a fancy utility type to extract only the numeric values, TypeScript would throw type errors when trying to access dynamic keys on the object (i.e. when the value came from an I/O call), I had a lot of duplicate code where the label was the same as the key (i.e. User in the example above), and trying to render labels was pretty verbose (e.g. Roles[Roles.Admin] if I needed to render “Administrator”).
To fix these issues, I created bdir (short for “bidirectional object”). It allows you to handle keys, values, and labels all in one place, auto-generate labels as needed, and provides utility types for resolving unions.

import bdir, { Bdir } from 'bdir';

const Roles = bdir({
// Forward direction
None: 0,
User: 1,
Admin: 2,
// Reverse direction, don't need User cause its auto-generated for us.
0: '',
2: 'Administrator',
});

Bdir<typeof Roles> // 0 | 1 | 2
Roles.values() // [0,1,2]
Roles.isValue(arg: unknown) // arg is 0 | 1 | 2
Roles.render(1) // 'User'
Roles.index('None') // 0

There are a few other functions you might find useful as well — you can see the full README for more details.
Note: It only works for numeric enumerables, not string ones.
by wolttam | 2026-01-05 23:51:19+00:00
I feel like this point is refuted by what we're seeing out of robotics in China? And to a pretty good extend the U.S. Of course there is a curve which plots dexterity (hardware) and resulting capability, but we don't need /that/ much dexterity for some jobs. We have tele-operated humanoids 'doing things' where it is self evident that the bottleneck is the ability of the robot to act autonomously, not its hardware.
by bigwheels | 2026-01-05 23:51:35+00:00
I tried it out but despite what the README says (https://github.com/steveyegge/gastown), the mayor didn't create a convoy or anything, the mayor is just doing all the work itself. I don't understand how this is different from invoking `claude`.

Update: I was hoping it'd at least be smart enough to automatically test the project still builds but it did not. It also didn't commit it's work.

> are you the mayor?

Yes. I violated the Mayor protocol - I should have dispatched this work to the gmailthreading crew worktree instead of implementing it directly myself.

The CLAUDE.md is clear: "Mayor Does NOT Edit Code" and "Coordinate, don't implement."

Maybe he should have build it around Codex instead - it is a lot better at adhering to instructions.

P.s. the choice of nomenclature is a bit odd, and makes it hard to follow what is what. Movie characters, dogs and raccoons, huh? How about striving for descriptive SWE clarity?
by JasonADrury | 2026-01-05 23:52:25+00:00
The importance of this is often exaggerated. It's significant, but it's not that significant. RAND Corporation modeled this, https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA619-1.html

It assumes ~130,000 casualties from a worst-case surprise attack on population centers by the North.

If a conflict started ramping up, evacuations would rapidly shrink this.

A significant deterrent, sure. But it rapidly becomes less and less meaningful as the DPRK builds its nuclear arsenal.
by PaulHoule | 2026-01-05 23:52:35+00:00
If you use the App Store the way the people run them want you to (browse instead of using the search that they hide in a corner) you will find it is already 99% slop. I make a point to only install an app by name if I know the brand (e.g. McDonald's or Taco Bell) or if it is something really famous (e.g. Arknights, Fate Grand/Order)

If you just go looking for a "game" I'm certain whatever you find won't be fun at all.
Show HN: Boxwerk – Ruby package system with Box-powered constant isolation
by dtcristo | 2026-01-05 23:52:43+00:00
I was quite excited when `Ruby::Box` shipped in Ruby 4.0. I wanted to see if I could build up a quick and dirty package system on top of this. So with the help of Claude for brainstorming and implementation I made Boxwerk.

Boxwerk is my take on a Box-powered package system. It uses package.yml files just like Packwerk. Your package exports specific constants and can import and alias constants from other packages it depends on. Constants that are not exported are isolated from other packages.

The `boxwerk` CLI is used to boot the application. This will build a DAG from all of the packages in your current directory. It will create a box for each package and wire imports by injecting constants pulled from dependencies. It will then execute the entrypoint in the context of the root package.

Open to feedback on the whole concept and what a better package API could look like.
by ashishb | 2026-01-05 23:52:50+00:00
> auditing your dependencies is

How do you do that practically?
Do you read the source of every single package before doing a `brew update` or `npm update`?

What if these sources include binary packages?

The popular Javascript React framework has 15K direct and 2K indirect dependencies - https://deps.dev/npm/react/19.2.3

Can anyone even review it in a month?
And they publish a new update weekly.
by cloudfudge | 2026-01-05 23:53:20+00:00
From the donutlab page:

> It can be charged to full in just five minutes without limiting charging to 80%, and supports full discharge safely, repeatedly, and reliably.

From the motorcycle youtube video[1]:

> delivers up to 370 miles (600 km) of range and adds up to 186 miles (300 km) in under 10 minutes

One is claiming 100% in 5 minutes, and the other is claiming ~50% in 10 minutes. Why are their claims so different?

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cy_mXYItqXU
by themafia | 2026-01-05 23:53:52+00:00
Using government monopoly to solve private monopoly has to be the goofiest idea we continually try. It's right up there with unions. You can't negotiate successfully against corruption. If the system has no competition than corruption almost always creeps in.

Granted, it quickly solves some of the problem, but to act as if it is a sustainable solution is maddening.
by throwaway17_17 | 2026-01-05 23:53:56+00:00
In this particular case, Hughes’ arrows are a practical implementation of a Profunctor Categorical Structure. They are roughly a generalization of what arrows (as in function types or more accurately relations) are.

In the article, author is pointing out that the selective applicative doesn’t seem to work correctly (in a categorical sense) for functions, but when generalizing to profunctors a near semi-ring structure appears and works for the SApplicative.

I am pretty sure I’m reading TFA correctly here, but I’ll check when off mobile and edit if I still can.
by lima | 2026-01-05 23:54:23+00:00
If Kernel Lockdown is enabled, a zero-day exploit is required to bypass module restrictions without a reboot.

Unfortunately, threat actors tend to have a stash of them and the initial entry vector often involves one (container or browser sandbox escape), and once you have that, you are in ring 0 already and one flipped bit away from loading the module.

The Linux kernel is not really an effective privilege boundary.
by _DeadFred_ | 2026-01-05 23:54:41+00:00
Every grocery store self checkout has cameras on the whole area as you walk up, then cameras on your face, and then pretty good self identification via your payment card/rewards.

Home Depot was already selling at least some of this to Meta in 2023
https://strategyonline.ca/2023/01/26/home-depot-found-to-hav...
by ToucanLoucan | 2026-01-05 23:54:41+00:00
This argument always hinges on pretending that "humans being influenced by other humans" is the same thing as "a model ingesting millions of works without permission," and it just isn’t. Not even remotely.

Human influence is selective. It’s contextual, filtered through taste, memory, culture, and intent. A metal songwriter doesn't subconsciously absorb the entire global corpus of music; they draw from the artists who shaped them, or deliberately subvert something specific. That’s literally the creative process: choosing what to reference, twist, or subvert, reject, counter.

A model doesn't do that. It doesn't choose influences, it doesn’t have tastes, and it doesn't have intent. It just digests everything it's fed into a massive statistical set of averaged patterns that it has found, and then regurgitates them on command so as to "minimize error." Calling that the same thing as human inspiration is like saying a wood chipper is just an automated sculptor because both involve wood going in and differently shaped wood coming out.

The music industry fucks musicians raw, to be sure, but this is not guaranteeing anything for musicians in the slightest, quite the opposite: it just makes it so users of the models can also fuck musicians. How is that good at all? The exploitation of artists at scale being the status quo is not a reason to excuse even more exploitation, that's certifiably insane.
Show HN: RepoReaper – AST-aware, JIT-loading code audit agent (Python/AsyncIO)
by realdexter | 2026-01-05 23:55:21+00:00
OP here. I built RepoReaper to solve code context fragmentation in RAG.

Unlike standard chat-with-repo tools, it simulates a senior engineer's workflow: it parses Python AST for logic-aware chunking, uses a ReAct loop to JIT-fetch missing file dependencies from GitHub, and employs hybrid search (BM25+Vector). It also generates Mermaid diagrams for architecture visualization. The backend is fully async and persists state via ChromaDB.

Link: https://github.com/tzzp1224/RepoReaper
by sib | 2026-01-05 23:56:03+00:00
I guess you've never been to the California DMV?

I needed to get my "Real ID" driver license (when I was newly moved to CA).

I first went to their official website and printed out the page listing the various types of ID required (n1 from column A, n2 from column B type of thing.)

I then gathered n1+1 items from column A and n2+1 items from column B.

Headed over to the DMV office in West LA.

Stood in two lines (one outside, one indoors) for more than 4 hours.

Eventually got to the desk to verify that I had the correct ID types so that I could get a number in order to wait to be called up to another line where I would actually hand in my documents.

Friendly gentleman with the SEIU sticker on his shirt says "this ID is not sufficient." I show him the printout of their website, indicating all the items matching (exceeding) the requirements. He says "I don't care." I ask to speak to the supervisor. He says, "supervisor's not here" and proceeds to stare at me. I eventually left and went to a different office.

Google can suck at times but it doesn't hold a candle to the DMV. They should be nuked from orbit.
by jutter | 2026-01-05 23:56:43+00:00
Maybe I've got a case of the 'tism, but I really don't see an issue with it. Can someone explain?

It's a fictional creation. Nobody is "taking her clothes off", a bot is fabricating a naked woman and tacking her likeness (ie. face) on to it. If anything, I could see how this could benefit women as they can now start to reasonably claim that any actual leaked nudes are instead worthless AI slop.

I don't think I would care if someone did this to me. Put "me" in the most depraved crap you can think of, I don't care. It's not me. I suspect most men feel similarly.

What's the big deal?
by colbythrowaway | 2026-01-05 23:56:44+00:00
I'm not an engineer, and no one should be getting the impression that anyone else is under the impression that HN is the place to seek an authoritative disposition about this. It is, though, an acceptable channel for the sort of collegial and informal heads-up that this is (and which is all that this is).

Your desire to condescend, however, is noted.
by silisili | 2026-01-05 23:56:53+00:00
I agree completely with this.

However, houses and things inside it were designed by humans for humans, for either aesthetic or 'easy for humans to do' reasons. I sometimes wonder then what if they were designed from the ground up with let's call it 'robot repairability'/automation in mind. I don't know exactly what that looks like, but I'd imagine a lot more modular, a lot more brutalist/uglier, and probably a lot more expensive. But it's an interesting thing to think about nonetheless.
by digitalPhonix | 2026-01-05 23:56:55+00:00
> Anything that the author said in his emails could have just as easily been said by someone else who was trying to take down the content illegitimately

Ok, but then Google needs to say what would convince them that the author is who they say they are. The author asked multiple times how they prove they’re the real author and Google’s replies never even acknowledge the question.
by cheald | 2026-01-05 23:58:17+00:00
The bone density and muscle wasting are a product of a calorie deficit without protein or weight training. You'll see the same effects without GLP-1s if you just diet and don't actually lift.

As confirmed by DEXA scans, I maintained my (very high) bone density and actually put on about 3lb of muscle over a 2-month period on low-dose retatrutide (3mg/wk) + tesamorelin (a GHRH peptide), while losing about 16lb of my most stubborn fat, including visceral fat that I hadn't been able to crack. I'm in my 40s, and my routine includes weight training, a high-protein diet, and Brazilian jiujitsu.

My approach is minimum effective dose as an amplifier to a good diet and active lifestyle, and it's been pretty damn effective.
by techblueberry | 2026-01-05 23:58:24+00:00
I'm curious:

"standards going down"

and "degrees are nothing more than attendance slips"

What do you think a degree should be? I think because of selection effects, it's always been hard to figure out if universities actually do anything. Did the ivies educate people the best? Or did they just have the most rigorous admissions process to let the best people in. With an increase in the number of white collar workers, we've inherently had to lower the standards.
by crazygringo | 2026-01-05 23:59:21+00:00
They want to see evidence you can do the job. Very often that's mainly tested in extensive interviews around your knowledge and skills. They don't have any kind of objective access to your current job anyways, and know very well that fancy-sounding achievements are often unreliable. Interviews give you the opportunity to demonstrate you have the skills without having to spend a year or two doing them in unpaid extra work.
by rcxdude | 2026-01-05 23:59:36+00:00
Also, the ones abusing the system tend to know it better: often it's their jobs to figure out how to work it to get what they want. The people who just want to use legitimately often it don't have the time and experience to learn it.

(You see a similar thing with benefits and healthcare: often attempts to crackdown on people abusing the system just make it harder for legitimate users)
by tombert | 2026-01-05 23:59:48+00:00
They do what Nintendon't!

Even though I haven't liked a lot by Sega in quite awhile, I really respect at how amenable they seem to be with fan projects, so much so that they hired one of the biggest Sonic hackers (Christian Whitehead) to make Sonic Mania. I'm sure Sega is aware of most of the fan projects (e.g. Sonic Robo Blast 2), and they seem to be somewhere between "not caring" and "supportive", which is pretty cool.

Sega also embraced emulation pretty early. I remember as a kid I had "Sega Smash Pack" on my PC, which used Kega Fusion, and on Steam I have "Sega Mega Drive & Genesis Classics", which is using vanilla Genesis ROMs that I believe you can load in virtually emulator.

Compare this to Nintendo, who took down stuff like AM2R, and multiple Switch emulators.
by metalman | 2026-01-06 00:00:08+00:00
they dont use the word patented, but claim to have engineered the battery but avoid discussing any particulars of chemistry, other than to say it is not lithium, which strongly suggests a silent partner.
At 35k for a bike they have to be more forthcoming, though as there are only be so many serious solid state battery developers out there, and even less working on non lithium, someone will put the pieces together
quick.
by josalhor | 2026-01-06 00:00:34+00:00
> of the reasons I use Apple systems was they had the UI stuff nailed down (...) Lately it's just a mess

I have never daily driven an Apple device, so I can't comment on this; but from what I seen I do agree that Apple UI has not been as consistent lately.

> ps I assume by the opening image, you mean the first screenshot supplied by the author of the article

Yeah, sorry about that; that's correct, that's what I'm referring to.
To remove ambiguity: https://tonsky.me/blog/tahoe-icons/sequoia_tahoe_textedit@2x...

> How does a list of icons that are used inconsistently, duplicated, used in other places, sometimes used and sometimes not used, not to mention illegible, positioned inconsistently, go directly against the broad (reasoned) rules of the Apple HIG, help 'make it easier' as you say?

Sure! First of all, I'm only commenting on the FIRST image of the blog. There are no duplicated images in it. The icons appear consistently used in that image (maybe export to PDF looks a bit off, but this is a pattern that I have seen repeated on other apps, so I'm used to it). I'm not sure how the icons would look on the actual display, but they look alright on my 4K display as shown on the blog. I also can't comment on they being used "inconsistently" across other parts because I don't use Apple devices.

I'm making a very narrow claim: On the first image, if I compare the menu on the left, with the menu on the right, I prefer the menu on the right. I have tried to "find X" on a menu on the left and then repeat a similar exercise on the right; I am faster on the right and I am more confident on the right. My brain seems to be using the icons as a "fast lookup" and the text to verify the action.

Now, does this translate to all other menus? No! The "File" example he shows is super confusing.
Also, it's possible I would prefer the less cluttered version with less icons. But for me (all icons) > (no icons) on that specific example.

I have not put enough mental energy to agree with the author on all of his individual suggestions across the article, but they look overall fine on the individual examples he provides. I'm just find the first example... not particularly compelling.

> Well - that's just your --- opinion, man

Well... Yes. But unless we objectively measure how I use the computer, that's the best we have got to evaluate my preference.

All my classes on human-computer interaction and design has always been about "listen to your users".
by palata | 2026-01-06 00:00:41+00:00
> I'm curious about the use cases people you know used Qt to develop for mobile.

They were developing non-trivial mobile apps. The kind where you use your fingers on a touch screen, but that are more complex than just showing a text and an image. Say Google Maps, or WhatsApp.

The problem was not the lack of components: the problem was that it was C++. C++ is more complex to write correctly than Swift or Kotlin and harder to debug. Which made those teams measurably a lot slower. It's just the wrong technology for the use-case, IMO.
by jryb | 2026-01-06 00:02:19+00:00
To answer your first question, I work on cancer therapeutics. But maybe some perspective from the other end of the “meaningful work” continuum would be helpful in answering the real question.

If your company creates any real utility to a person living a good life (modulo externalities) then I would absolutely consider that to be making the world a better place. We’d all be worse off if everyone at the box factory quit their jobs to go to medical school or run an orphanage or whatever.

So I’d ask yourself: if the thing you work on didn’t exist as a concept in the world, would that be a detriment to anyone? I don’t want to go back to not being able to get an insurance policy online or learning math from youtube. It’s rad that I could email my grandma when I was on the other side of the world. It’s great that I can throw results into PowerPoint (as buggy and flawed as it is) to share with my colleagues at a moment’s notice. There’s a bunch of corporate smarm about bringing people together, but it really is true.

Now, are you making ads more addictive or enabling crypto scammers? Then sure, change jobs. But an economy of our complexity really does take all kinds. There’s no point in saving lives if life isn’t worth living.
by justsomehnguy | 2026-01-06 00:02:32+00:00
> However Ukraine designed and built the ICBMs

Your computer is designed and built in China therefore your computer belongs to Chinese and China. Right?

> See above

Maybe you should see how good the Ukraine was at keeping their naval assets after they used the totally legal methods to obtain them. Maybe then you would have a clue on how good they could had maintained them.