MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by nickjj | 2026-01-10 11:39:47+00:00
When I switched to zsh 5 years ago, I went with a stock set up too.

There's quite a few things the OP's post didn't mention about shell history that I think are really important:

setopt HIST_IGNORE_ALL_DUPS # Never add duplicate entries.
setopt HIST_IGNORE_SPACE # Ignore commands that start with a space.
setopt HIST_REDUCE_BLANKS # Remove unnecessary blank lines.

It's possible to roll your own prompt that does helpful things without using starship.

Also you can roll your own zsh plugin manager in a few lines of shell scripts, `fast-syntax-highlighting` is a really useful plugin to get real-time feedback when typing commands.

Most of those things are mentioned here https://nickjanetakis.com/blog/i-recently-switched-to-zsh-an..., the post is 5 years old but just about all of that is what I do today still. Since then it has evolved to become better IMO, including using a dedicated Vim zsh plugin which is much improved over the default zsh key binds. Also another plugin to show zsh's tab complete in fzf instead of zsh's window. The tab complete demo video is here https://nickjanetakis.com/blog/hooking-up-fzf-with-zsh-tab-c....
by pjmlp | 2026-01-10 11:39:49+00:00
What I see is regular people buy their computers at Media Market, Cool Blue, Saturn, Fnac, Public, Dixon, you name it.

Most of them have no clue that something like System 76 or Tuxedo exists in first place.

Likewise on corporate world, I have long moved into Windows/macOS as official desktops for the last decade, GNU/Linux is only available on VM or servers, and usually it is the cloud provider's own distro.

Those customers where IT allowed the use of GNU/Linux desktops, it was with zero support from them, it was up to us to deal ourselves with any issues preventing our work, and to deal with upper management, in case it impacts delivery.

Until SteamDeck gets rid of its dependency on Windows as source, it is pretty much irrelevant. Games developers will keep using their Windows workstations, while a community smaller than Switch, will get those games thanks to Proton.

And it remains to be seen for how long Microsoft will tolerate Steam, or use their weight as OS vendor, and one of the biggest publishers.
by Gibbon1 | 2026-01-10 11:39:59+00:00
I've wondered about running BART from Fremont to East Palo Alto and Redwood City via Dumbarton. Not sure what the ridership would be though. I looked at the Dumbarton bridge traffic and it's the least of the three bridges and pales in comparison to the bay bridge.

Still if you built that the gap between Millbrae and Redwood city is 12 miles.
by mixermachine | 2026-01-10 11:40:30+00:00
Got to say, I like the current Android versions.
In the early days I flashed my Motorola Defy every second month with some cool new ROM.
Always rooted and Xposed, always enabling something new.

Now I run a S23 Ultra and after two years it still does everything I need.
OneUI 8.0 and Android 16.
For work (app de) I also have a Pixel 7a, always with the newest Android Beta.
Also works well.

Even the entry level phones work OK to pretty good now.
My Samsung A16 5G (also for work) functions surprisingly well for 150€.
by digikata | 2026-01-10 11:40:45+00:00
To borrow some definitions from Systems engineering for verification and validation, this question is one of validation. Verification is performed by Lean and spec syntax and logic enforcement. But Validation is a question of is if the Lean spec encodes a true representation of the problem statement (was the right thing specced). Validation at highest levels is probably an irreplaceable human activity.

Also, on the verification side - there could also be a window of failure that Lean itself has a hidden bug in it too. And with automated systems that seek correctness, it is slightly elevated that some missed crack of a bug becomes exploited in the dev-check-dev loop run by the AI.
by jaccola | 2026-01-10 11:40:54+00:00
Ah yes potentially getting us one step closer to immortality, hardly worth killing an animal!

I mostly eat vegan because I do have a strong dislike of factory farming and the way animals are treated there. But killing animals is a fact of life and I think scientific progress is a very valid reason to do so.

To put it in perspective, a lot of shark young will kill each other in the womb such that only the strongest is birthed. These animals eat other animals alive, etc.. etc.. My point being it is not like the option is between a rosy utopia or human-inflicted suffering.
by jimnotgym | 2026-01-10 11:42:02+00:00
292 is not thousands though, is it? Making the statement a barefaced lie.

That is before we go into the actual cases of what those people did. I'm concerned about it too, and am able to freely engage with my political representatives over it. They listen and discuss it, because we are a functioning democracy. But hyping it up and lieing about it doesn't help the discussion. Please don't do what everyone else does next and post about one specific case that on a cursory examination seems troubling, I won't be drawn into it.
by emaro | 2026-01-10 11:43:31+00:00
Off-topic a little bit, but some feedback for your editor:

I saw Kraa when you posted it here on HN, and decided to give it another go, even though I remembered that I dismissed it quickly the first time.

I only got shy beyond the first line -- Kraa breaks words anywhere to wrap to the next line, really a no go for me, at least in Markdown (it's different if I enable word-wrap in my code editor).

Played around a little more and the editing experience is not great (for my needs):

- Kraa hides '#', so I can't remove the header style from headers. The context menu does not offer to change to paragraph style.
- Kraa uses non-standart '[]' for tasks, instead of the more common '- [ ]' and '- [x]'.

Slick UI, sure. However if I cannot edit Markdown, I don't consider it a Markdown editor. Like Notion is also not a Markdown editor, even if I can type '# ' to get a heading.
by _the_inflator | 2026-01-10 11:43:44+00:00
I consider JavaScript in this regard extremely similar to Python.

Python is a beautiful beast and its main language is C if you want.

JavaScript has a coming of age. It is not a language anymore but a universal tool to build mainly web apps.

I rarely see any JavaScript die hard fans anymore, we are talking about JAVA like variations like the predominant TypeScript.

And production critical apps need professional treatment and so it goes.
by babarock | 2026-01-10 11:44:36+00:00
I think this is moving the goal post. Cloudflare isn't challenging the need to restrict access to some websites, it is challenging who has the right to decide. Quoting the tweet:

> We believe Italy, like all countries, has a right to regulate the content on networks inside its borders. But they must do so following the Rule of Law and principles of Due Process.

I live in Italy, I'm a citizen. I don't feel any safer having the internet regulated by a bunch of bureaucrats than I do state actors and bots.
by XorNot | 2026-01-10 11:44:50+00:00
Anything persistent at all is downright unusable - they'll be tracked and destroyed, people near them arrested etc.

We're basically talking attritable devices being needed and protocols which make them useful - i.e. something you can release that stands a chance of getting information out before its destroyed and where the users are nowhere near it when it's launched.

EDIT: I mean realistically you basically would want to just toss a handful of cheap USB memory sticks out across a city.

So if we're being realistic it's just more USB-C OTG devices. Ideally what you want is it to become standard for USC-C memory sticks to have a USB-C port on them so they can be daisy chained and copied stick to stick if given a power source so they're easy to copy and spread.
by jart | 2026-01-10 11:45:39+00:00
That's apparently how you pull the wool over the eyes of the world's smartest people. To be fair something like it needed to happen, because the fear everyone had ten years ago of creating a product like ChatGPT wasn't entirely rational. However the way OpenAI unblocked building it unfairly undermined the legitimacy of the open source movement by misappropriating their good name.
by SideburnsOfDoom | 2026-01-10 11:45:54+00:00
> Existing US refineries are designed for heavy

I'm aware of that. Nevertheless, this is not a growth industry, and expecting riches from it in 10 years time or more is thinking mired in past. It's not serious.

More serious commentary on that:

https://www.politico.eu/article/the-problem-with-donald-trum...

https://edition.cnn.com/2026/01/08/climate/china-venezuela-o...

https://electrek.co/2026/01/03/electric-vehicles-will-end-oi...
by kevin061 | 2026-01-10 11:46:08+00:00
I see lots of disagreements here, but I must say I also soured on free speech. I used to think that free speech was necessary and overall a positive for society. Then I saw the Capitol attack in US. The disinformation spread in England about kids stabbed that led to riots. I see disinformation every day, especially from USA, saying Europe has no freedom, that it's overrun with criminals, and people not only believe it, but vote accordingly. This has to stop. Humans weren't trained to use rationality and reasoning every second of their life. Reason costs a lot of cognitive power so the brain implements a hundred shortcuts. For example: if you see something appear frequently, you assume it to be true. This is good for avoiding poisonous plants, but it's terrible when you go in Twitter and you're spammed with the same lies day and night. It's messing with us. Enough is enough. Free speech with guardrails.

You should be able to insult and criticise the Prime Minister.

You should not be able to gain s position of power and then go on a crowded stage to claim that vaccines cause autism. This is intolerable. We are attacking the foundations of society. People are not rational actors. Not you, and not me. We are very simple animals.
by latexr | 2026-01-10 11:47:13+00:00
I stopped using Oh My Zsh for exactly one reason too: It was so freaking slow it had a noticeable effect on my shell and my mood. It frustrated me that I had to stop and wait every time I opened a tab.

So I removed it, then continued using Zsh and whenever I missed something from before I looked up what it was and installed the plugin easily with Homebrew. The whole process took under an hour. I realised I only needed two or three plugins.

Now my shell is fast, without unnecessary bloat, and does what I need. I’m much more productive and happier, and at the end of the day I don’t really see what’s more important than that (within the scope of the conversation).
by mixermachine | 2026-01-10 11:49:45+00:00
Don't get me wrong, but somebody has to operate an exit node and somehow there needs to be a consensus on the protocol + routing.

If the network is only earth bound fixed wireless, the distance might be small enough that the state comes for the operator itself...
This raises the cost of running this network from just money to life threat.

Getting many open source satellites up in orbit might not be feasible.
by regularfry | 2026-01-10 11:49:56+00:00
There is a Vulkan API, they can run some compute. At least the 4 and 5 can: https://github.com/jdonald/vulkan-compute-rpi . No idea if it's worth the bus latency though. I'd love to know the answer to that.

I'd also love to see the same done on the Zero 2, where the CPU is far less beefy and the trade-off might go a different way. It's an older generation of GPU though so the same code won't work.
Ask HN: What would make you switch from Gmail to self-hosted email?
by fenilsonani | 2026-01-10 11:50:12+00:00
I've been running my own email server for the past month (https://github.com/fenilsonani/email-server) and I'm curious what the actual barriers are for people.

From my conversations, I keep hearing:
- "Email is hard" (deliverability, spam, etc.)
- "I don't want to manage another server"
- "What if I lose my emails?"
- "Google/Microsoft just works"

But I'm also seeing people frustrated with:
- Rising costs ($12/user/month for Google Workspace)
- Privacy concerns
- Account suspension risk
- Vendor lock-in

For those of you still on Gmail/Outlook/etc. - what would it actually take for you to self-host?

Not trying to convince anyone, genuinely curious about the decision-making here.
by SoapSeller | 2026-01-10 11:50:13+00:00
I'm doing it with Bluetooth.

Gave up fairly quickly on using linux bt stack as it's... Not fun.

Instead I have a ESP32 dongle style board [0] connected with usb to my computer, it present itself as BT HID device to the iPad and communicate with the computer via serial.

Still wip, but overall it works for my main use case(skipping songs & managing volume).

[0] https://www.waveshare.com/esp32-s3-lcd-1.47.htm
by roenxi | 2026-01-10 11:50:13+00:00
Yeah. That is a really good argument for recommending people get the vaccine. But it concedes any reason to start coercive medical treatments. The COVID vaccines were very much about personal protection. It circles back quite neatly to the idea that people should be allowed to make their own determination about what is good for their health, what isn't and what risk tolerance they are personally comfortable with.

The people arguing that collective action knows best once again blew their credibility with COVID, making up the theory about herd immunity was a big shot in the arm for the anti-vax movement. And as you can guess I'd rather side with the anti-vaxers, they're better friends than the authoritarians.
by amenhotep | 2026-01-10 11:50:23+00:00
Actually we call them arbitrageurs and see them as helping to minimise price distortions across markets. It's only in a small number of consumer facing contexts where retailers deliberately sell goods below the price set by supply and demand that some call them scalpers.

Also landlords, even the psychotically greedy ones doing things like this article describes, are neither arbitraging nor scalping. That'd be house flippers.
Ask HN: At what point does a solo dev migrate from Vercel/Next.js to a VPS?
by pytorch | 2026-01-10 11:51:12+00:00
I’m a solo founder running a two-sided marketplace app on the typical Vercel free tier + Supabase stack. It’s live with low-traffic right now. My concern is the 'cliff' I keep reading about—where Vercel becomes prohibitively expensive at scale. For those who migrated to a $5 Hetzner/DigitalOcean VPS:

What was the specific metric that forced the move? (Bandwidth, Function execution time, Cost?)

How much 'DevOps' time do you actually spend maintaining the VPS vs. building product?

I want to avoid premature optimization, but also don't want to be locked into a platform that will bankrupt the project if it takes off.
by WhereIsTheTruth | 2026-01-10 11:52:35+00:00
It's ironic to watch the contradictions unfold

On one hand, nobody actually knows what's happening in Iran, yet everyone has a rock solid opinion, complete with intricate details, as if they'd just left a classified briefing

On the other hand, those same confident voices all want the same thing: a leader who'll privatize Iran's oil for Western companies, align with US policy, open markets to Western finance, and prioritize defense contracts over local development

Funny how that works

Some random farmer from Ohio is obsessed with Iran for some reason
by ahmetomer | 2026-01-10 11:54:21+00:00
I respect and agree with Cloudflare's right to pursue the decisions that Matthew Prince outlined — even if it is used as retaliation or a threat. What has completely turned the tone of the message for me is appealing to Elon Musk & JD Vance for democratic values and free speech.

I can't really take it seriously when free speech and democracy are pretended to be important only when the interests of the political figures of the US admin or of Elon Musk are at stake. Those values are supposed to be enjoyed by everyone and followed through on, no matter whose agenda and interests they may harm (or improve) as a result. At this point, they are tools (or weapons) that are appealed to when one's interests (or opinions, or feelings) are threatened.

If we listen to JD Vance and Elon Musk, we get the idea that it's the leftists and brown immigrants and democrats and woke people who are making everything worse, inciting violence and terror, are a block to prosperity and advancement, a threat to Western civilization. And thus, free speech is important to only further repeat and consolidate these points. The other way around cannot be entertained even as a possibility. They are exempt, for they are free of such flaws and imperfections.

It is a difficult balance to keep between universal values, such as democracy and free speech, and one's own interests, such as political and financial. I would want to see more honesty than a pretense of complete devotion to these values. No one is. I am not, for that matter.

I don't buy into Matthew Prince's appeal to free speech and democracy, but I am open to happily changing my mind in an incident where Cloudflare consequently takes an action that would harm the interests of said figures in a meaningful (not symbolic) way.
by czmilo | 2026-01-10 11:56:08+00:00
A comprehensive developer tutorial covering A2UI – a declarative protocol for AI agents
to generate native UIs via JSON messages.

Technical highlights:
- Adjacency list model (flat component list with ID refs) instead of nested trees –
designed for LLM streaming and incremental generation
- Data binding via JSON Pointer paths (RFC 6901) for reactive updates without component
regeneration
- Three-layer architecture: UI structure (surfaceUpdate), application state
(dataModelUpdate), client rendering
- Transport-agnostic: works with A2A Protocol, SSE, WebSockets, or AG UI

The tutorial includes:
- Step-by-step agent setup with Python ADK (code examples included)
- Client implementation guides for Lit, Angular, and Flutter renderers
- Message processing & state management implementation checklist
- Custom component catalog creation
- Error handling and validation patterns

Production use: Google's Opal, Gemini Enterprise, Flutter GenUI SDK.
React renderer coming Q1 2026. Full spec and samples on GitHub.

GitHub: https://github.com/google/a2ui
by hdgvhicv | 2026-01-10 11:57:20+00:00
You need Musk to play ball. Starlink worked fine when Afghanistan turned off the internet. There’s a lot of rhetoric about the evil musk internet there - the government don’t care about things like vsat, it’s very specifically framed as anti America and anti Musk

Remember the people enforcing it (going to businesses and checking their connections) are thick as two short planks.

Iran I expect has a more effective enforcement than the taliban, but the principal is the same - starlink works fine in these countries and downlinks elsewhere (Europe in the case of Afghanistan). GEO providers like Inmarsat downlink in places like the Netherlands.

It’s all rather meaningless as only a tiny number of people have access to these systems, compared to access to the Internet via phones.
by crawfordcomeaux | 2026-01-10 11:57:28+00:00
The governments established by the wealthy to protect the wealthy while maintaining the oppression that allows for their class to exist still will not end the oppression they implement out of necessity for them to exist.

Electoral/constitutional politics isn't going to protect us. "International law" isn't real and neither are other laws. It's time to update threat models to include this fact. The threat-actors are definitely aware of it and using it to their advantage while relying on us to keep thinking on terms of the contrived systems they maintain.
by dxdm | 2026-01-10 11:57:43+00:00
In my experience, the recipe for having meetings interface smoothly with the time that surrounds them is twofold:

1. Constrain the meeting duration to a slighly smaller blocks than natural time.

2. Be diligent and efficient in managing time within the meeting.

That means, for 60 minutes of natural time, 50 minutes of meetings.

You start on time, you end on time.

The first few minutes are for pleasantries (important!) and getting everyone focused on the topic and goals of the meeting. This gives people the possibility of running slightly late without missing anything too important, but they still come into an ongoing meeting and are noticeably late.

But: you quickly move on to the meat of the meeting, even if people are still missing, and keep things moving while having an eye on time. (Sometimes, you can even start without key people there and at least get everyone else synced and thinking about the topic.)

Once you get close to the end (that is, 40 out of 50 minutes of runtime for an "hour"-long meeting, but depending on subject and people), you make sure to come to a conclusion and wrap things up by the 50 minute mark. If it's clear that's not enough time, you move to wrapping things up enough and discuss how to keep the discussion going after the meeting time runs out. In any case, you have some time for parting pleasantries, while the meeing is officially over on time and people are free to leave.

This leaves a bit of slack, while people expect to start and end on time, and it crucially gives everybody enough time to move between meetings with some breaks, even those unfortunate folks whose jobs consist of lots of back-to-back meetings.

Starting on the (half) hour and ending after 50 (25) minutes works well, in my experience, and syncs well with the calendars of external meeting participants.

I know this works, because I have been in meetings like this, and I have run meetings like this. Of course, this will not work in 100% of all meetings, but it can go a long way in making a lot of them much better.
by vladvasiliu | 2026-01-10 11:58:05+00:00
While I agree with your sentiment, it's more and more clear to me that reality doesn't reflect it. Many people are extremely easily influenced by easy to digest soundbites.

I'm often baffled by the level of superficial and binary thinking even in "intellectuals" (as in people who hold degrees and you'd expect to have at least a modicum of critical thinking). More often than not it seems based on emotions.

Now have these people spend most of their waking hours doomscrolling some echo chamber on tiktok, and I can see why some may be worried the influence of some "bad actor".

Given this, and the highly polarized political scene (and I'm in Europe!), I have to say I'm quite worried as to how things will unfold. Hell, there's no need for Sergei and his friends! Just the local politicians' popularity contest is enough.
by ninjagoo | 2026-01-10 11:58:29+00:00
You have the right idea.

That old maxim - the internet interprets censorship as damage and routes around it - no longer true unfortunately.

Larger and larger swathes of the world population are coming under the purview of governments and corporations that are technologically strangling the free flow of information over the intertubes. China, Russia, India, Iran, UK, US (corporations a.t.m.) are the prominent examples.

Just having a resilient software stack is no longer sufficient. An open source hardware stack AND infrastructure is critical.

Eventually there will be need for an open source manufacturing base as well. Even if it is only at the level of 1980s computing, that is better than nothing.

Have you thought about building what you're proposing?
by maccam912 | 2026-01-10 11:58:38+00:00
To answer the question a different way, I think you are asking how we know the proof actually matches the description the human provided? And I'd say we can't know for sure, but the idea is that you can pretty concisely write and check yourself that the problem is accurate, i.e. "There are an infinite number of primes" or whatever, and then even if an LLM goes off and makes up a lean proof wildly different from your description, if lean says the proof is valid then you have proven the original statement. I guess in theory the actual proof could be way different than what you thought it would be, but ultimately all the logic will still check out.