MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by dannye | 2026-01-20 11:36:32+00:00
<tag-name>

Browsers create any tag with at least one dash as a Custom Element.

They come in two flavours, and since they ARE HTMLElement, can be used for layout AND styling with CSS.

The official names are:

► UNdefined Custom Elements (the article calls these "CSS Web Components")

- shadowDOM optional with Declarative ShadowDOM

► Defined Custom Elements
- UNdefined Custom Elements UPGRADED with the JavaScript Custom Elements API

- shadowDOM optional

---

### Good to know about UNdefined Custom Elements:

* Absolutely NO JavaScript required, it is only HTML and CSS

* This is STANDARD behaviour in all browsers for nearly a DECADE now:
Chrome (2016) Safari (2017) FireFox (2018)

* The W3C HTML Validator accepts ALL <tag-name> Custom Elements with a dash as HTMLElement.
It does not accept <tagname> (no dash), those are HTMLUnknownElement

* Custom Elements do not inherit the standard [hidden] behaviour;
so you have to add that behaviour yourself in your stylesheet.

* Same for DIVs display:block. You have to set the display property on these Custom Elements yourself.
(You will forget this 20 times, then you never make the mistake again)

* The :defined pseudo selector targets standard HTML tags and JavaScript defined Custom Elements

* Thus :not(:defined) targets the UNdefined Custom Elements; again... they are still valid HTMLElement so CSS applies like any element

* <you-are-not-bound-to-one-dash>

* Declarative ShadowDOM <template shadowrootmode="open"> creates the same UNdefined Custom Elements WITH a shadowDOM

* The Custom Elements JavaScript API upgrades UNdefined Custom Elements TO defined Custom Elements.

* You can't UNdefine defined Custom Elements

* You can't REMOVE a set shadowRoot

* for now, only Safari supports multiple custom element registries (duplicating Custom Element names)
by jcattle | 2026-01-20 11:36:40+00:00
I wrote this before to another comment like yours:

I thought this part of penalizing mistakes made with the help of LLMs more was quite ingenious.

If you have this great resource available to you (an LLM) you better show that you read and checked its output. If there's something in the LLM output you do not understand or check to be true, you better remove it.

If you do not use LLMs and just misunderstood something, you will have a (flawed) justification for why you wrote this. If there's something flawed in an LLM answer, the likelihood that you do not have any justification except for "the LLM said so" is quite high and should thus be penalized higher.

One shows a misunderstanding, the other doesn't necessarily show any understanding at all.
by estsauver | 2026-01-20 11:37:11+00:00
This is the equivalent of setting up a developer environment for charging a car. Once you have a car that's working, and you know how to connect to the app and charge it, almost all these problems go away. If you're in a place that has a lot of public chargers near your destination that you're already going to, then it's even easier, and it just becomes trivial.

That being said, I don't think I would want to rent a car that didn't have a place to charge it or a very easy-to-use fast charger nearby.
by zozbot234 | 2026-01-20 11:37:19+00:00
> The point is that GNOME 3 visibly and demonstrably was trying to avoid potential litigation by moving them to the CSD bar at the top.

Well, the buttons in the titlebar at the top are reminiscent of old Windows CE dialog boxes, so I guess they're not really original either! What both Unity and GNOME 3 looks like to me is an honest attempt to immediately lead in "convergence" with mobile touch-based solutions. They first came up in the netbook era where making Linux run out-of-the-box on a market-leading small-screen, perhaps touch-based device was quite easy - a kind of ease we're only now getting back to, in fact.
by lurking_swe | 2026-01-20 11:37:25+00:00
it’s respectful of everyone’s time if the “vibe coded disclaimer” is at the TOP of the readme, not the bottom. Why bury that in the fine print?

It’s also a very good indicator of how invested the author is in the repo. Is this a throwaway weekend project? Is it their “baby” so to speak? Should i even bother asking the author a question if i run into an issue, after all, they didn’t write any of the code so…
by codedokode | 2026-01-20 11:37:39+00:00
If I am not mistaken, the law prohibits producing any unauthorized copies. So if you download a pirated book on a computer, you produce an illegal copy: [1]. If I am not missing anything, ML companies are galaxy-scale infringers.

> 106. Exclusive rights in copyrighted works

> Subject to sections 107 through 122, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following:

> (1) to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords;

> 501. Infringement of copyright

> (a) Anyone who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner as provided by sections 106 through 122 or of the author as provided in section 106A(a), or who imports copies or phonorecords into the United States in violation of section 602, is an infringer of the copyright or right of the author, as the case may be.

[1] https://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap5.html
by latexr | 2026-01-20 11:37:43+00:00
I share your frustration. I’m an Apple user and absolutely dislike everything about their direction regarding software. I have nothing but criticism for Tim Cook. Yet I see myself having to correct batshit lies people make about Apple to have a proper discussion. There’s no need to make shit up (and doing so gives Apple the opportunity to outright dismiss those as haters), Apple makes a lot of crappy decisions we can criticise in good faith.
by tjkoury | 2026-01-20 11:38:08+00:00
The past few years I have been working on a project (Space Data Network) and selected flatbuffers as the transport. There were a few features that core flatbuffers didn't have that I needed, such as no mangling of names between different programming languages, per-field encryption while leaving the file id and length headers alone, ability to ingest JSON Schema in addition to IDL, and a few others.

Still a WIP but going well, all Apache 2.0, feedback welcome.
by mananaysiempre | 2026-01-20 11:39:38+00:00
115 MiB/s is something like 20 to 30 cycles per byte on a laptop, 50 on a desktop. That’s definitely quite slow as far as a CPU’s capacity to ingest bytes, but unfortunately about as fast as it gets for scalar (machine) code that does meaningful work per byte. There may be another factor of 2 or 3 somewhere, or there may not be. If you want to go meaningfully faster, as in at least the speed of your disk[1], you need to stop doing work per byte and start vectorizing. For parsers, that is possible but hard.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6X8BGSrR9w
by rendall | 2026-01-20 11:40:39+00:00
What you’re describing is real, but it actually supports the opposite conclusion in my opinion. Watergate, Iran-Contra, Vietnam, and the Pentagon Papers were exposed because institutions, media, and elites still broadly agreed that certain lines existed. Nixon resigned because his own party, the courts, and the press treated those constraints as non-negotiable. Reagan officials went to prison because enforcement still mattered.
Trump doesn’t contradict that history; he sits downstream of it. Decades of tolerated elite self-dealing, regulatory capture, and partisan blindness trained voters to believe that rules only ever apply selectively. When people watched one side excuse its own violations for years, it lowered trust in the legitimacy of enforcement itself. Trump’s novelty wasn’t corruption, it was abandoning the pretense.
Calling him a symptom doesn’t excuse norm violations. It explains why so many people were willing to tolerate them. The collective decision to lower standards didn’t begin with Trump; it culminated in him. Stress tests don’t create weaknesses, they reveal where faith in the system has already eroded. That erosion happened long before 2016.
by dangus | 2026-01-20 11:40:54+00:00
I believe they won't because that's what's in their marketing copy. Their selling point is a lack of those features.

Organization of volunteers, collectives of people, why aren't they using free stuff like Discord that is incredibly feature-rich in comparison? This is where I brought up the lack of features being a problem, because you could just use Signal, WhatsApp, Discord, etc. By having so few features, it's competing with a whole lot of free stuff.

Regarding contractors, Slack handles external organizations in a pretty comprehensive way, very much unlike this product.
by drpixie | 2026-01-20 11:42:10+00:00
Personally, I would like the name to be somehow related to the system. When I'm facing a stack of names and icons, make it easy for me.

Names without some connection to the thing are just more difficult. Maybe the name isn't descriptive - you can only have some many versions of ed, edit, edt, vedit, gedit, zed... I'm perfectly happy with puns and jokes - eric can be connected to (monty) python. It's the connection that makes it memorable. Even yacc and grep have some connection to the program.

I've been using Vivaldi browser for a while now, but neither the name nor icon have formed a natural connection to browsing for me. Same with Lazarus (an IDE), no obvious link (worse, it's nothing to do with raised from the dead). But "Bluefish Editor" at least tells me what it does, not a full description, but plenty.
by tmvnty | 2026-01-20 11:42:39+00:00
So for a React developer who doesn't want to include Shadcn/Radix, but also doesn't have time to build every component/a11y/compat/edge cases from scratch, what are the better alternatives?

Would be nice to list them here so developers can know a midpoint between DIY <-> Shadcn/Radix
by Dev_Master | 2026-01-20 11:42:42+00:00
PDFTextor is a lightweight desktop tool built with Python, Tkinter, and PyPDF2.
It lets you extract text from one or multiple PDFs, with real-time progress,
cancellation, and a clean modern interface. You can view, save, and clear text
directly in the app. Ideal for processing large PDF documents quickly.

Key Features:

Extract text from single or multiple PDFs

Handles large PDFs with a progress bar

Cancel extraction at any time

View and save extracted text

Clean, modern GUI using ttkbootstrap

Developer / More info:
Developed by MateTools: https://matetools.gumroad.com
by Saline9515 | 2026-01-20 11:43:40+00:00
It's not just poverty, but education about pollution and a common view in the post-communist countries that the common good (clean air in this case) isn't so important. It's the same with things like noise or graffitis for instance.

In Latvia you commonly see rich people with BMW SUVs behaving like this. My friends see no problem with having coal barbecue or very heavy music in the center of Riga. We often have to remind new tenants in our building the benefits of sorting waste - and they are not poor.
by i_am_proteus | 2026-01-20 11:44:46+00:00
Agree about the possibility of infra nightmare, especially in the "SVN era" -- but in 2026, it's pretty straightforward to run a gitlab instance (takes about an hour to set up, most of which is DNS and TLS stuff, ime) for a course and set up actions, or use other submission infra like CMU autolab. I do this.

Agree with your comment about probability, motivation, and skill.
by mystcb | 2026-01-20 11:45:01+00:00
I agree, it needs to be in collaboration though. We can't rely just on one side to do all the work. It has to be a very good balance otherwise it will feel like we are pushing to hard, or being turned into a nanny state.

I agree, it isn't possible to keep up these days on everything. I know for myself, I have my kid with a phone, but I also happen to use Apple Configurator and provide a massively locked down platform for her. It contains enough for her to call us, emergency contacts, a few very selected games, and fully restricted, and monitored. But this I know is only because I am in the IT world, and do this sort of stuff generally. For general parent #1, they will always struggle, so need the support.

Either way, I do agree with you, it needs a mix, a balance, but we also need to use that regulation to hit the source, not plaster over it!
by evandijk70 | 2026-01-20 11:45:03+00:00
I would say that gambling with skill component is still gambling. For example, in blackjack you can limit your losses by following a basic strategy, which is a 2x2 matrix with rows containing the value of your hand and columns containing the open dealer card.

If you can obtain an edge through a skill component (card counting in blackjack), some people wouldn't call this gambling anymore, but I would still call it gambling myself. Someone doing this for a living is a professional gambler.

What for me would be a sensible definition is that a bet/gamble has no other goals. Putting money in the bank/investing in a stock reallocates capital, which can be invested by someone. The fact that it is a risk-taking endeavor is merely a side effect. I would say the same goes for selling/buying insurance for your car.

So for me, the difference between betting and putting money in the bank/investing is that the primary goal is something different than the risk-taking activity.
Show HN: Governed AI Portfolio–admission control for agentic sys in production
by lexseasson | 2026-01-20 11:45:06+00:00
Most agentic failures aren’t model failures — they’re organizational memory failures.

I built an open-source control-plane architecture for teams that get audited after incidents:
- Decisions are contracts (not logs)
- Governance is admission control (not bureaucracy)
- Evidence survives team turnover

Includes: decision contracts, CI gates, audit-grade artifacts, and 3 governed change capsules.

GitHub: https://github.com/lexseasson/governed-ai-portfolio
by quietbritishjim | 2026-01-20 11:45:36+00:00
From the guidelines https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html

> Please don't comment on whether someone read an article. "Did you even read the article? It mentions that" can be shortened to "The article mentions that".

Besides which, this is totally a valid question based on the article. (The temptation to ask if you read it is almost overwhelming!) It talks about how to do arithmetic but not what the result of that will necessarily be. What part of the article are you suggesting answers the question of "cash is king" + "female" - "male"?
by barrkel | 2026-01-20 11:45:55+00:00
I scrub once a quarter because scrubs take 11 days to complete. I have 8x 18TB raidz2 pool, and I keep a couple of spare drives on hand so I can start a resilver as soon as an issue crops up.

In the past, I've gone for a few years between scrubs. One system had a marginal I/O setup and was unreliable for high streaming load. When copying the pool off of it, I had to throttle the I/O to keep it reliable. No data loss though.

Scrubs are intensive. They will IMO provoke failure in drives sooner than not doing them. But they're the kind of failures you want to bring forward if you can afford the replacements (and often the drives are under warranty anyway).

If you don't scrub, eventually you generally start seeing one of two things: delays in reads and writes because drive error recovery is reading and rereading to recover data; or, if you have that disk behaviour disabled via firmware flags (and you should, unless you're reslivering and on your last disk of redundancy), you see zfs kicking a drive out of the pool during normal operations.

If I start seeing unrecoverable errors, or a drive dropping out of the pool, I'll disable scrubs if I don't have a spare drive on hand to start mirroring straight away. But it's better to have the spares. At least two, because often a second drive shows weakness during resilver.

There is a specific failure mode that scrubs defend against: silent disk corruption that only shows up when you read a file, but for files you almost never read. This is a pretty rare occurrence - it's never happened to me in about 50 drives worth of pools over 15 years or so. The way I think about this is, how is it actionable? If it's not a failing disk, you need to check your backups. And thus your scrub interval should be tied to your backup retention.
by helsinkiandrew | 2026-01-20 11:47:01+00:00
> Now it's a lot harder to quickly notice what's an ad and what isn't.

Everything in the app store is an ad - all the content is produced to get people to download Apps. It's just that some is 'promoted'.

I'd be interested in hearing from any HN readers that use the App store to actually discover apps - don't people do Web/Reddit searches to see what people are using and rate and then search by name? Even an LLM can provide an overview of what's available and summarise features, drawbacks, and reviews.
by floam | 2026-01-20 11:47:02+00:00
Huh. A lawyer, not my lawyer, gave me his off the cuff opinion on this scenario:

A clinical trial participant for a novel new drug believes he did not receive placebo, perhaps based on his understanding of a blood test or he felt some kind of effect he thinks was not placebo. Assume participant has a decent understanding of pharmacology and the candidate drug.

However, the drug was not therapeutic for him, the side effects were onerous, or perhaps he believes the trial will be terminated early: whatever the circumstances, no details of others’ experiences were leaked to him and he has not had abnormal contact with anyone involved, protocol was followed.

Based on his understanding of published research on the candidate drug, and projecting from his experiences as a lab rat, he believes this trial should disappoint shareholders. At the very least shares must be currently priced too high.

Can the participant, based on his analysis of his inside access, invest half their life savings into shorting the pharma firm? This drug is considered the firm’s last best hope.

Their answer was yes, actually, and it would not be a crime.
by strogonoff | 2026-01-20 11:47:38+00:00
My real development experience started with Django—arguably one of the best-documented proper frameworks out there even before it reached 1.x—and let me tell you: the kind of garbage I have seen once I started doing it professionally still makes me shudder[0].

I agree with you in the sense that the choice to forgo a framework and use a library directly should be very carefully considered. It should be made with the full understanding that one had implicitly undertaken a task to create a framework (even if it is a narrowly specialised one just for that one project). A lot of what you do if you go with raw React a lot will be barely front-end development at all: vetting dependencies for (or implementing yourself) very basic functionality, fighting bundlers, managing version hell, trying to get TS to use correct global typings, etc.

[0] Indeed it would be hubris to claim I myself have never ever authored something I would later call a monster held together with bits of duct tape.
by rahoulb | 2026-01-20 11:48:41+00:00
I agree it's not just React - I think a lot of people simply do not know what CSS can do nowadays.

I do like Tailwind (I guess it fits with how I think). But to make good use of it you _do_ need to know how CSS works (for example, using variant selectors for picking out child elements, using container queries instead of global breakpoints etc).

One addition - I learnt a _lot_ about CSS by reading [Every Layout](https://every-layout.dev/).
Local models to support home network infrastructure?
by DrAwdeOccarim | 2026-01-20 11:49:37+00:00
I have had a blast getting Claude Code to manage my home infrastructure. I have been against the cloud forever, so I have had to build a home setup that does a lot of cloud stuff. Like, I run Resillio Sync for all my family iOS photo backups, and a local NAS to host my legally downloaded and owned movies and tv shows, I also use a bunch of raspberry pis, doing things like running local Home Assistant z-wave and zigbee sensors. The router, switches, and APs are all UniFI, same with all the cameras, door bells, and VoIP. Again, all local first (except Talk, obvs).

As you can imagine, maintaining entropy for all these disparate systems takes time, of which I have less now that I have young kids. So when Claude Code was released, I took to it like a fish to water. We mapped my entire network, I created accounts on all the devices so it can SSH into everything and configure everything (including the Ubiquiti Dream Machine Pro!). I have been blow away at how well it troubleshoots and fixes everything.

I have a DGX Spark AI workstation (128gb of memory), and I really want to now hand off the work to a local model, either using Opencode or Claude Code harnesses and simply pointing at a vLLM instantiated model accessable by API (just point Opencode or Claude Code at the local IP and API endpoint).

It works, except I tried Qwen3-coder just now and it's refusing to help due to security concerns. Ugh. I then tried GLM-4.7-Flash, but vLLM doesn't support yet and so before I rebuild (ask Claude Code to rebuild and deploy) to try GLM.4-7-Flash with some other inference provider, does anyone have a model they use for infrastructure maintenance that isn't a little bitch? I will probably eventually go to an abliterated model if none of the open source ones will help.
by mystcb | 2026-01-20 11:49:52+00:00
Fair point on the good information; it is always relative to the person.

What I do want to say is that with the unfettered access side, I completely agree with this too. Right now, because of what has happened, it is the only real option we do have, and it does mean that the wrong things get caught in the collateral. Its frustrating when it does, but if its the right thing to do, then it should be. My point was that while we are putting effort into ensuring people are safe, we need to also put effort into sorting the root cause of the problem too, we can't just ignore it. It will fester and continue, so that when that access is lifted because "they are old enough" then whats stopping it happening then, when they are older.

Just wanted to say I don't disagree with what is happening, I just wish there was more work to help with the root of the problem, to start to actually deal with it further down the rabbit hole.

As we have seen with adult verification too, its a cat and mouse game, and right now, the mice are winning.
by gambiting | 2026-01-20 11:49:56+00:00
>>A product that is less practical has to be cheaper to compete in the market.

Unless the downside doesn't matter to you, then obviously it doesn't. Our e-Up was more expensive than a regular petrol Up, but it was absolutely worth paying the extra for the convenience of being able to charge it at home - it's like having your own personal petrol station in your own driveway.

For someone else, that might have been an inconvenience and the car would have to be much cheaper to offset the hassle - for us it was worth the premium. So it's not so clear cut as you present it.
by fruitworks | 2026-01-20 11:51:19+00:00
Perhaps femininity is a more specific concept than masculinity. I call this the "Mrs Pac Man Effect".

It is more common for people to personify objects (say, a rock or a frog or a random internet user) as male than female. In many languages, the plural for a group of things is male even if it only has one male element.

A simple charachter like pac man is male in a universal kiki/bouba sense, but the female equivalent needs a bow (it is a more complex specalization of its male counterpart)

Obviously, biologicially male-ness is a specialization of female-ness, because females more resemble unsexed creatures.

But in the latent space of the human mind, or in language I think male is closer to "default" and female is a specialzation of maleness. Even the words female or woman are modifications of the word male or man.

Perhaps this evolved out