MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by Imustaskforhelp | 2026-01-21 17:40:32+00:00
Agreed agreed, I already have the past time hobby of contacting cloud providers (usually European) for custom solutions and following lowendtalk and other forums and scraping and creating datasheets of data. SO I am pretty familiar with the whole process and honestly Hetzner's pretty good/one of the best :)

{Ovh is great but it has a one time setup fee for its dedicated, personally I love hetzner auctions for the most part too but Hetzner is a little restrictive in ban first policy and they are strict so for some workflows like creating a reseller etc., Hetzner does have some flaws but still one of the best companies and their support's really feels good as well!}

Thanks for your response, I will look into the estonia thing later if I would need to seriously pivot to EU for any reason.

Currently thinking that I can use wise or anything to accept SEPA bank payments and other if need be.
by Aurornis | 2026-01-21 17:40:37+00:00
> So is it strictly necessary to sign up for the 200 a month subscription?

No, the $20/month plans are great for minimal use

> Because every time, without fail, the free ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, Mistral, Deepseek whatever chatbots, do not write PowerShell faster than I do.

The exact model matters a lot. It's critical to use the best model available to avoid wasting time.

The free plans generally don't give you the best model available. If they do, they have limited thinking tokens.

ChatGPT won't give you the Codex (programming) model. You have to be in the $20/month plan or a paid trial. I recommend setting it to "High" thinking.

Anthropic won't give you Opus for free, and so on.

You really have to use one of the paid plans or a trial if you want to see the same thing that others are seeing.
by Beretta_Vexee | 2026-01-21 17:40:37+00:00
For example, they bought the German hiking and cycling app Komoot. It's a mature app in terms of functionality, with a stable user base. There's little chance of hypergrowth with this type of app. It's also complicated to switch apps because transferring routes, collections, photos, etc. to another service is difficult.

They laid off 90% of the teams. They migrated the app to their infrastructure to pool costs. Since then, there has been no further development of the service.

They are cost killers of the internet.
by photios | 2026-01-21 17:40:49+00:00
I feel your pain. I used to work for a bank and the security team only approved Copilot use.

OpenCode can use Copilot natively: https://opencode.ai/docs/providers/#github-copilot

I got Claude Code running with Copilot APIs via the LiteLLM proxy, but it was a pain in the butt. Just use OpenCode.
by matt_d | 2026-01-21 17:40:49+00:00
Worth adding on that note:

From JAX to VLIW: Tracing a Computation Through the TPU Compiler Stack, https://patricktoulme.substack.com/p/from-jax-to-vliw-tracin...

Google’s Training Chips Revealed:
TPUv2 and TPUv3, HotChips 2020,
https://hc32.hotchips.org/assets/program/conference/day2/Hot...

Ten Lessons From Three Generations Shaped Google’s TPUv4i, ISCA 2021, https://gwern.net/doc/ai/scaling/hardware/2021-jouppi.pdf
by vel0city | 2026-01-21 17:40:50+00:00
Its not just domestic violence (though the rates of DV are usually higher with gamblers than the general population...huh I wonder why), but also just completely messing up a family's finances. This can really destroy families and relationships.

And sure, the same could be done with lots of things. But gambling is incredibly addictive.

I've watched family members gamble themselves into homelessness before. Isn't this a harm as well? Aren't the kids harmed when they lose their home and have no college savings despite the household having a net value of several million dollars a few years before?

Don't get me wrong, I'm not 100% against all forms of gambling. I gamble from time to time myself. What I'm against is this current wave of constant, relentless push of gambling into damn near everything, all the time. Back when gambling meant you'd have to go to the riverboat or fly halfway across the country or you're only dealing with small stakes poker between friends, its radically different to apps on our phones pushing notifications all the time, every sports game spending a significant amount of screen real estate to showing betting odds, news outlets talking about polymarkets all the time.

Could one have still been a problem gambler back before smartphone betting? Sure, one of those family examples I know about related to flying out to Vegas a few times a long time ago. But the rates of that happening were far lower before.
by happytoexplain | 2026-01-21 17:41:15+00:00
I don't think that counts as being pedantic. "Suspend" is not the right word if you're going to point out that it was the US that broke the deal, but the headline is burying the lede. Party A broke the deal, then party B announced the deal has been broken and formally suspended the deal. Party A's actions should be in the headline.
by freedomben | 2026-01-21 17:41:30+00:00
Indeed. I've also gotten a lot of "Hey I found a super critical security bug that makes your system ass, but if you pay me first I'll tell you what it is" types of submissions. Sometimes it's a hybrid, like something semi-legitimate but weak that they disclose up front, closing with a "and I've got another one that's juicy but you have to pay me first to hear it".

Oh and then of course there is the flood of people who just scanned our infra with Nessus and screenshotted part of the report (often with important details blacked out so we can't see them unless we pay).

As someone who has been on both sides of it as well, it just feels like everything is terrible
by jkaplowitz | 2026-01-21 17:41:45+00:00
Specifically, it must be seated where the principal management of the business occurs.

So if the executives and board meetings and books and records are strategically located in one country and most of the business operations are in a second, it's valid and probably even required for the business to have its tax residence in the first country rather than the second.

It may very well have a permanent establishment and therefore some tax obligations in the second country, but that's different from the second country being the primary tax residence.
by bachmeier | 2026-01-21 17:41:46+00:00
One of the advantages of their business model is that it's low risk. Find a business you can get cheap enough, shut off all investment related to growth or product improvement, and use the product's moat to get as much cash as possible from current customers. Business doesn't have to be about expanding into new markets or growing revenue. If I had to guess, there's not much of a market for the companies they're acquiring because everyone else is looking for growth.
by humodz | 2026-01-21 17:41:50+00:00
> The difference between 75 (usually a beautiful day) and 85 (hot) is 23.8C to 29.4C.

If you convert a nice, round number from one system to the other, you'll end up with a more precise, less nice number, which will give the impression that Celsius is harder to use.

In reality, people from metric countries just think in 5-degree increments: 25 is a beautiful day, 30 is hot. It doesn't feel any harder to read than Fahrenheit.

I wonder if there are people that moved to the U.S., switched to Fahrenheit and now find it more intuitive than Celsius. If one is easier than the other, I assume it still doesn't make up for the hurdle of learning a new system.
by galangalalgol | 2026-01-21 17:42:08+00:00
I agree with everything you said except for the cowboys bit. I don't think business owners should be a separate class of people. It shouldn't be unusual to meet people that own their business. I don't want to do it, it would stress me. But we can let random people try random ideas without having to start out wealthy, and we shouldn't have the failure of that business and the loss of those employees' jobs, risk the health and well-being of those let go. If getting fired just meant you had to do with fewer luxuries until you found another, we wouldn't need to protect those jobs to the detriment of a business. By tying employment to safety and well-being, we complicate the whole matter.
by seanmcdirmid | 2026-01-21 17:42:21+00:00
Two body problems are real. Maybe if you are just employing kids, but your spouse probably works somewhere else.

China still has company towns for some SOEs (not even for migrant workers, regular well payed Chinese professionals), but these are usually outside of cities and are more like gated communities. The last time I visited one in Hunan near Leiyang, we had a nice meal at the company restaurant (not the only one). Not really for software-based high tech, where talent accumulation demands central city placement. Heck, they still try putting R&D centers out in the far off suburbs (Microsoft's Zizhu campus in Shanghai) and there is a lot of push back (better to work at Microsoft's more centrally located Beijing campus).
by CamperBob2 | 2026-01-21 17:42:27+00:00
ICE isn't the Gestapo. The Gestapo didn't hide their faces.

If history is any guide, ICE may be better compared to the SA. Their job is to make it safe for the future Gestapo to operate unmasked... at which point the unprofessional street thugs in ICE will find that they've become a liability to the regime.
by SirMaster | 2026-01-21 17:42:27+00:00
Seems rather simple to solve to me.

Just have video cameras (mostly phones these days) record a crypto hash into the video that the video sharing platforms read and display. That way we know a video was recorded with the uploader's camera and not just generated in a computer software.

There aren't that many big tech companies that are responsible for creating the devices people use to record and host the platforms and software that people use to play back the content.
by p_ing | 2026-01-21 17:42:28+00:00
To certify any version of macOS as UNIX, the security had to be significantly altered (disabling SIP) among a few other things. This is why what is shipped is not what is certified as UNIX. You can /make/ it match what is certified as an administrator, but that would be inadvisable.

https://www.osnews.com/story/141633/apples-macos-unix-certif...

EDIT: And really, UNIX certification means nothing except to potentially government agencies and people who don't understand what UNIX and/or UNIX certification is. Or why being "certified UNIX" is generally meaningless: see the BSDs, which are much closer to "UNIX" origins than macOS will ever be.

Or Windows, which is frankly just has better architected internals and abandons legacy UNIX ;-)
by Aurornis | 2026-01-21 17:42:30+00:00
It's really not that hard.

Codex = The model trained specifically for programming tasks. You want this if you're writing code.

GPT5.2 = The current version. You don't have to think about this, you just use the latest.

High Reasoning = A setting you select for balancing between longer thinking time or quicker answers. It's usually set and forget.
by imiric | 2026-01-21 17:42:31+00:00
This is great, but I don't see it being useful for most use cases.

Most high-level charting libraries already support downsampling. Rendering data that is not visible is a waste of CPU cycles anyway. This type of optimization is very common in 3D game engines.

Also, modern CPUs can handle rendering of even complex 2D graphs quite well. The insanely complex frontend stacks and libraries, a gazillion ads and trackers, etc., are a much larger overhead than rendering some interactive charts in a canvas.

I can see GPU rendering being useful for applications where real-time updates are critical, and you're showing dozens of them on screen at once, in e.g. live trading. But then again, such applications won't rely on browsers and web tech anyway.
by moralestapia | 2026-01-21 17:43:05+00:00
What I've always found unusual (but not necessarily bad) about BS is ... how come a company that came out of nowhere starts buying tech companies here and there? Billion dollar deals? In cash?

It can't be just a few "enthusiastic" random guys (as they portray), you need a lot of capital to pull that off.

IMO they're someone's family office with an obfuscated name.

Edit: and my comment suddenly goes to the bottom despite having several upvotes ... definitely not sus.
by ratelimitsteve | 2026-01-21 17:43:08+00:00
you're absolutely right, they're not positioned for expansion or growth. you're very close to seeing the private capital dark pattern that's become a huge part of our economics lately. let me illustrate for you how they make money by decoupling the company's success from the investors' success

1) borrow a bunch of money to buy the company - this is called a leveraged buyout

2) once you're in control, have the company assume the debt you took on in order to buy it. you as the buyer are now free and clear, and the company is now responsible for paying back the money you borrowed to buy it. the end result of this transaction is that the company now owns stock that is less desirable because the company is more leveraged

3) make huge cuts everywhere and use the money "saved" by divesting from your own future to pay yourself as a consultant

The company is now in the extremely fragile position of not being able to spend to respond to the market because all of their income is going to servicing debt and paying the members of the private capital group. the "investors" aren't actually invested at all because even if the stock they hold becomes worthless they didn't pay anything for it in the first place, the company did. the thing limps along for as long as it can keep bringing in some small amount of income for the "investors" to skim off the top of, then it inevitably dies like anything riddled with parasites will, the company declares bankruptcy and they sell the copper out of the walls in order to pay back the loan used to take the company private in the first place
by pimterry | 2026-01-21 17:43:09+00:00
> Similar experience in Spain, fill out 2-3 forms and it's done.

This isn't true in Spain - all company creation requires a notary, among other awkward steps (although as of relatively recently in some cases you can now do this over videoconference, without physically visiting at least). It's not as bad as what I hear of in Germany, but it's non-trivial and slow, and the banking setup process is similarly annoying and slower than it should be.

You can register as autonomo (an individual freelancer) easily with just a couple of forms, but that is not the same thing as creating a separate legal business entity (SL).
by zokier | 2026-01-21 17:43:10+00:00
If you have tons of datapoints, one cool trick is to do intensity modulation of the graph instead of simple "binary" display. Basically for each pixel you'd count how many datapoints it covers and map that value to color/brightness of that pixel. That way you can visually make out much more detail about the data.

In electronics world this is what "digital phosphor" etc does in oscilloscopes, which started out as just emulating analog scopes. Some examples are visible here https://www.hit.bme.hu/~papay/edu/DSOdisp/gradient.htm
by Dylan16807 | 2026-01-21 17:43:37+00:00
> If you actually read the article

Needless.

> The insights one can gain from this pure math definition are still very much useful for real world programming tough (e.g. memoization), you just have to be careful about the slightly different definitions/implementations.

I agree completely here. But I think that undermines some of the earlier claims. The math definition only serves as inspiration, we're not using the math definition when we memoize. And the important part you need for that inspiration is a lot narrower than full equivalence.
by ValdikSS | 2026-01-21 17:43:41+00:00
Well, you have much more control of lower-level boot process on ARM chips, and each of the SoC manufacturers have their own implementation of Trusted Boot which relies on the cryptography and secrets inside the SoC rather than TPM as in x86/UEFI boot process.

In context of trusted boot — not much. If your specific application doesn't require TPM 2.0 advanced features, like separate NVRAM and different locality levels, then it's not worth to use dedicated chip.

However if you want something like PIN brute force protection with a cooldown on a separate chip, dTPM will do that. This is more or less exactly why Apple, Google and other major players have separate chip for most sensitive stuff—to prevent security bypasses when the attacker gained code execution (or some kind of reset) on the application processor.
by burnt-resistor | 2026-01-21 17:43:57+00:00
Not the EU, but the UK:

About 2012, it was incredibly difficult to start a limited liability partnership/corporation in the UK, roughly physically-located around Chelsea to Canary Wharf. One of the big hurdles was acquiring specific record-keeping instruments that weren't sold in specialty legal stationery shops, but only by some dude literally selling them out of his boot (trunk in America). Maybe the other partners had outdated information, which was a possibility. Contemporaneously, it was possible to start a Delaware corporation online in the US in under 3 days and for less than $300 USD.
by zorgmonkey | 2026-01-21 17:43:57+00:00
Their have been many vulnerabilities in TrustZone implementations and both Google and Apple now use separate secure element chips. In Apple's case they put the secure element as part of their main SoC, but on devices where that wasn't designed in house like Intel they had the T2 Security Chip. On all Pixel devices I'm pretty sure the Titan has been a separate chip (at least since they started including it at all).

So yes incorporating a separate secure element\TPM chip into a design is probably more secure, but ultimately the right call will always depend on your threat model.
by beloch | 2026-01-21 17:44:18+00:00
To those who cling to customary units because...

1. "They're more intuitive". They're not. You're just familiar with what 70 F feels like. If you're used to metric, 70 F is meaningless, but you intuitively know what 20 C feels like.

2. "Metric leads to lots of awkward numbers." All systems will fortuitously have round numbers in some contexts and awkward numbers in others. Customary units are different in that there are awkward numbers baked into the system. e.g. 5280 feet in a mile. 128 ounces in a gallon.

3. "It's too much trouble to change." You're already using metric units. U.S. customary units have, metrologically, been defined in terms of metric units since the Mendenhall order of 1893[1]. i.e. A meter is defined in terms of how far light can travel in a period of time defined by a hyperfine transition frequency of Caesium. If you needed to know exactly how long a meter is for a very precise measurement, a reference meter could be produced in a lab by aliens who have no idea what a meter is by using this definition. No such definition exists for a foot or yard. Nobody maintains physical reference yards (the old-school method) anymore. If you want those aliens to measure out a yard precisely, you tell them how to measure out a meter and then tell them 1 yard = 0.9144 m.

[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendenhall_Order
by bluecalm | 2026-01-21 17:44:21+00:00
>>Kinda, but misinterprets the VAT itself.

>>Basically, VAT is paid at the point of sale and local thresholds apply.

The threshold is 10k EUR (total sales to EU). The point of sale in case of software/electronic services is the country of residence of your customer.
You need to collect two pieces evidence of that location, usually billing address and IP. If those don't match (your customer has used a VPN for example) you need a 3rd piece.

One Stop Shop helps with it (when I was starting my company it didn't exist and predecessor VAT MOSS was just being introduced and no one knew how to comply with it) but you still need to charge local VAT rates and report quarterly.
by data-ottawa | 2026-01-21 17:44:22+00:00
Does it matter?

You can only threaten your friends so many times before they cut you out, and Trump is going on a year straight of threatening us (Canada, but also Greenland) with annexation, and the EU with sanctions and tariffs.

It doesn’t matter if the US government are serious or are posturing, the message is clear: prepare for existential warfare (economic or militarily) or be faced with it.

I think Prime Minister Mark Carney’s speech yesterday captures the shared sentiment outside of the US very well. It’s worth listening to and lays bare the cracks in international diplomacy the last 80 years.

I personally find the argument that it’s about masking something clever weak. There are two things going on: repeatedly admitting US manufacturing can’t keep up with China and desperately trying to bring it home, and “Donroe Doctrine” colonialism where the US wants to lean on the weak to extract money out of them.

Maybe next year Trump is going to say “look how strong I made NATOs military, no more freeloaders here, this was all a ruse”, but I doubt it.

And my personal raw take, as a Canadian: we’ve shown we will take a punch to the nose for the US, it’s going to be impossible to look at our relationship the same for a generation. I’ve worked for US companies (as do most of our best and brightest), we have tight security integrations, this all feels incredibly unnecessary.
by linkregister | 2026-01-21 17:44:24+00:00
Thanks for the clarification. The hyperlink you gave was to the general IMF website and did not contain an in-page search hit for "RMB," "Renminbi," or "China". Where can one find the size of the RMB allocation?

Presumably the IMF is not bound by the typical RMB capital controls that limit its utility for commercial entities and individuals.
by AlexandrB | 2026-01-21 17:44:32+00:00
> Also, the fault there lies squarely with charlatans who have been asked/told not to submit "AI slop" bug bounties and yet continue to do so anyway, not with the AI tools used to generate them.

I think there's a general feeling that AI is most readily useful for bad purposes. Some of the most obvious applications of an LLM are spam, scams, or advertising. There are plenty of legitimate uses, but they lag compared to these because most non-bad actors actually care about what the LLM output says and so there are still humans in the loop slowing things down. Spammers have no such requirements and can unleash mountains of slop on us thanks to AI.

The other problem with AI and LLMs is that the leading edge stuff everyone uses is radically centralized. Something like a knife is owned by the person using it. LLMs are generally owned one of a few massive corps and at best you can do is sort of rent it. I would argue this structural aspect of AI is inherently bad regardless of what you use it for because it centralizes control of a very powerful tool. Imagine a knife where the manufacturer could make it go dull or sharp on command depending on what you were trying to cut.
by jkaplowitz | 2026-01-21 17:44:50+00:00
Would the liability shield not generally apply to a foreign entity registered in Germany? Sure there may be special rules for non-compliance with specific tax obligations, but I'm talking about for general liability for other purposes, like a contract signed by the entity where no personal guarantee was given, or a harm caused by the corporation where the owner was not personally involved or negligent in causing the harm.
by vablings | 2026-01-21 17:45:09+00:00
The UK uses miles and miles per (UK) gallon. We talk in feet, inchs lbs and stone for weight. But when it comes to engineering works it is ALL now in metric aside from the older builder, all of my schoolwork was in metric, and we never dealt with the hellish conversions it was all SI units, and we just had to know maybe one or two magic constants in physics and chemistry (molar and something else to do with joules in bond enthalpy)

I worked as an engineer and the only drawings specified in imperial were pre 1970s and all the CNC controls are programed in mm feed rates in mm/rev or mm/min