MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by hyperrail | 2026-01-05 05:41:01+00:00
I might be misremembering, but if I remember correctly, back in 2019 Windows' pre-installed calculator had an interesting issue with the Japanese era change in 2019 from Heisei to Reiwa, due to Emperor Akihito's abdication and the succession of his son Emperor Naruhito. I was not personally involved with this issue but I was aware of it as I was working on the Windows team at Microsoft at that time.

The announced plan was that Akihito would abdicate on April 30 and Naruhito would take the throne on May 1, so that Jan 1-Apr 30, 2019 would be Heisei 31 (平成31年) and May 1-Dec 31 would be Reiwa 1/Reiwa Gannen (令和元年).

The issue was with Windows Calculator's date calculation. If you ask it which day is 61 days after April 1, 2019, it correctly calculates June 1, 2019. The question, though, is what if you have your Windows settings set to show the Japanese era year - should it show "2019" in "June 1, 2019" as Heisei 31 or Reiwa 1?

If I remember right, the answer chosen was "it depends on when your computer's current clock time is!" In other words, if you ask Calculator while your PC's clock is set to April 2019 or earlier, it "wrongly" shows June 1, 2019 as in Heisei 31, but if your clock is set to May 2019 or later, June 1, 2019 is "correctly" shown as in Reiwa 1. This would be true even if the running Calculator and Windows code was already updated with the knowledge that the new era would be called "Reiwa." (Though the date when Reiwa would begin was specified by a law passed in 2017, Reiwa's name was only announced on April 1, 2019.)

(I forget whether this problem was solved in the calculator app itself or whether it inherited the solution from Windows' date and time formatting code.)

The justification was that the change of era would only be finalized when Akihito actually abdicated. In modern times, Akihito's abdication was the first time that the era changed without the reigning emperor dying. Calculator acting as if it knew before May 1, 2019 that Reiwa would begin on that day would thus be in bad taste, because it would be the moral equivalent of Calculator predicting or wishing for Akihito's death on April 30 - never mind that it was already well known that Akihito would abdicate on that day instead.
by NitpickLawyer | 2026-01-05 05:42:04+00:00
> Is there an Anthropic document that says this?

Yes, from [1] :

> Claude models understand the Skill format and structure natively. You don't need special system prompts or a "writing skills" skill to get Claude to help create Skills. Simply ask Claude to create a Skill and it will generate properly structured SKILL.md content with appropriate frontmatter and body content.

[1] - https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/agents-and-tools/agent-s...
by 8f2ab37a-ed6c | 2026-01-05 05:42:24+00:00
Where have you been able to find ultralight springs available to consumers? I was looking into this last week and the 10-20g ones were only available straight from the factory in South Korea with shipping costing $200... I was happy to get them and swap them out, but that shipping pricetag was too much of a highway robbery.

Would appreciate any advice here :)

And, intrigued about the idea of not using key switches at all. Are there any aftermarket alternatives available online for "keycaps" that are better at softening the impact on the finger, something softer and bouncier perhaps? Seems like something people would have experimented with.
by oblio | 2026-01-05 05:42:48+00:00
Meh. The rest of the world also doesn't have big salaries for software devs. The US is the outlier.

It's not just the labor regulations holding Europe back, it's the lack of funding due to not having a unified European digital market.

Netflix Europe needs to have 20+ licensing deals. Selling across Europe at a large scale requires interactions with 20+ legal teams. Language and cultural barriers kill a lot of things.

How do US giants thrive in Europe, then?

Because they come in directly giant-sized based on growth in the US. They either ignore European legal compliance until sued or pay peanuts for them to handle all the legal aspects.
by Doortree | 2026-01-05 05:43:15+00:00
Really enjoyed the article! I'm someone who could never afford 40K as a kid, but since gettinga 3D printer have been fascinated by the potential for printing minis and toys for my own kids. I'd definitely be planning to print my kids minis if they show an interest in future, now I have some knowledge and experience, especially as I find the games workshop business model too predatory for my liking. I'd much rather buy smaller artists model designs and stick to only heading down official routes for rulebooks, codexes and lore.

I'm seeing a lot of people in comments dismiss FMD printers for minis, and thought I'd highlight the work of a youtuber called 'Once in a six side' who did a deep-dive into FDM mini pronting and got some really impressive results with even stock settings and basic PLA filament (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8fuNDTQJCY).

Once he really explored support placement, settings and ideal configurations his best prints rivalled resin in some cases once painted. Really cool to see as someone who isn't interested in messing with resin anytime soon.
by 9x39 | 2026-01-05 05:43:36+00:00
I see it as a natural progression of something that's been going on for a decade -

1. They sell Office w/ OneDrive plans, and push online-first work through corp and home plans alike.

2. They have become progressively more opinionated over the Windows ux in the last decade. Updates mandated, security agent coming installed, Secure Boot by default, drive encryption by default, etc just like corp fleets do as a standard.

Files are the logical progression, if you squint here - MS is the user's administrator, since Windows arguably needs a sysadmin to make it usable. This is.. not new in the corp model: messing with the filesystem or linking to remote file systems has happened since the bad old days:

-remote shares

-roaming profiles

-folder redirection

-OneDrive known folder move

I think this is the click of the ratchet, as Windows continues to take ownership of its OS back from its users, bit by bit.

One problem with just relying on the native filesystem is that while SSDs are tremendously reliable these days such that they make mechanicals look laughably flaky, any FS can get corrupted, and with encryption by default, you're usually leaving users up a creek.

Anyway, the Microsoft view, best I can tell, is that a PC should be more like a phone - an appliance, managed by the vendor. They know the filesystem is a great solution - their filesystem, not yours. If you use their PC with an online account, it sort of works like that. If you try to hold on to ownership, non-tech users usually end up mishandling the sharp edges at some point.
by inkyoto | 2026-01-05 05:44:09+00:00
> Chinese novels are on the other side of the spectrum. The sentences simply can't be very long and but often don't have any connecting words between sentences. The readers have to infer.

There is no grammatical ceiling on sentence length in Sinitic languages, Chinese languages (all of them) can form long sentences, and they all do possess a great many connecting words. Computational work on Chinese explicitly talks about «long Chinese sentences» and how to parse them[0].

However, many Chinese varieties and writing styles often rely more on parataxis[1] than English does, so relations between clauses are more often (but not always) conveyed by meaning, word order, aspect, punctuation, and discourse context, rather than by obligatory overt conjunctions. That is a tendency, not an inability.

[0] https://nlpr.ia.ac.cn/2005papers/gjhy/gh77.pdf

[1] https://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/127800/1/Content.pdf
by 125123wqw1212 | 2026-01-05 05:45:30+00:00
That's interesting, I have never had this re-encode thing. No matter what, "Backstreet Boys" will always stick with my school student period.

I think the main reason is it's really hard to re-listen to a piece to the same intensity as when you first heard it. I used to put Backstreet Boys on repeat for a whole week at times, and also sat through some of their sub-par pieces. Now I only listen to their best-of-playlist, in about an hour, maybe once a year.
by JumpCrisscross | 2026-01-05 05:46:04+00:00
I’ll go out on a limb and guess that none of the industry groups found this funny. They want to replicate this law in other states. The lawyers who worked on it, on the other hand, only work in North Dakota. And calling a spade a spade, I guess if I needed something in front of that legislature I’d at least know they’re competent and crafty.
by proee | 2026-01-05 05:46:22+00:00
If you get this dialed in, you could charge a LOT more. Your big market is enterprise customers that need to review schematics that are 30 pages long with FPGAs, memory busses, and lots of connectors. You should segment the hobbyist for the $10-20/month and then enterprise customers at $+100/month. If your product catches just one major problem in a schematic, it could save a full revision which is worth thousands of dollars.
by jason_oster | 2026-01-05 05:48:41+00:00
> «Memory technology» as in «a single tech» that blends RAM and disk into just «memory» and obviates the need for the disk as a distinct concept.

That already exists. Swap memory, mmap, disk paging, and so on.

Virtual memory is mostly fine for what it is, and it has been used in practice for decades. The problem that comes up is latency. Access time is limited by the speed of light [1]. And for that reason, CPU manufacturers continue to increase the capacities of the faster, closer memories (specifically registers and L1 cache).

[1] https://www.ilikebigbits.com/2014_04_21_myth_of_ram_1.html
by kelthuzad | 2026-01-05 05:49:32+00:00
Take your own advice otterley. You’re in violation of the HN guidelines. Sock puppets aren't allowed here.

You and your third party Apple PR colleagues also need to make your coordinated manipulation efforts less obvious (timing, style, rhetoric, false mass flagging).

https://gizmodo.com/apple-lobby-app-developers-1849554671

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
by giardini | 2026-01-05 05:50:02+00:00
What happened to you? Might anything you have learned help me? Recommended reading?

I too have a shoulder tendon issue: 14 months ago a loud one-time "pop" occurred while doing a simple external rotation shoulder exercise with very light weight. I immediately lost most strength lhs and the shoulder felt very loose. More than a year later + 1 steroid shot my shoulder is much better but still loose.
by bediger4000 | 2026-01-05 05:50:53+00:00
What you write is true, but leaves out the Oathkeepers' setting up a literal armory just outside of DC. That's the reason for Stewart Rhodes' seditious conspiracy trial and conviction.

I'm a little mystified as to why the weapons from that armory never got used. Trump's response to the insurrection he provoked is weird, but so is the insurrectionists behavior.
by toast0 | 2026-01-05 05:51:05+00:00
> For rural / quasi industrial, furnaces, generators, etc it's not uncommon to have fixed installation 210kg LPG bulk cylinders filled by supply truck .. and larger.

Seems kind of small if you're rural/have regular delivery limitations? I've got a 500 gallon propane tank for domestic use (stove, waterheater, fireplace) and another 500 gallon tank for my generator. The internet says a 500 gallon tank at 80% full (max safe fill) is about 750 kg of propane. We've had a few two day outages, but no three day outages since we moved here, but neighbors report some outages in the 7-10 day timeframe. 500 gallon tanks seem pretty popular around these parts, commercial/government goes bigger, small properties go smaller; plenty of neighbors have no generator and may not have propane either; government runs warming centers if you can get there.
by jablongo | 2026-01-05 05:51:55+00:00
I don't think the US has "shitty class relations". Most of your complaints are true, but in the US social class is mutable and upgrades to social class are encouraged and celebrated (even though this is becoming much more difficult in practice). Contrast this with Europe and other parts of the world with entrenched aristocracies and castes that survive generations. There are major problems but social mobility is still relatively better in US; in Europe healthcare is way better and being on the bottom rung isn't as bad, but fewer people from the bottom make it to the top.
by musicale | 2026-01-05 05:51:58+00:00
IIRC Multics (among other systems) had both segmentation and paging, and a unified memory/storage architecture.

[I had thought that Multics' "ls" command stood for "list segments" but the long name of the command seems to have been just "list". Sadly Unix/Linux dropped long names (copy) entirely and exclusively used abbreviations (cp).]
by terminalshort | 2026-01-05 05:52:07+00:00
> Before submitting a deletion request, you will be required to verify you are a California “resident,” as defined in section 17014 of Title 18 of the California Code of Regulations as that section read on September 1, 2017. Verification is made with assistance from state contracted third-party vendors, including Socure and Login.gov, through the California Identity Gateway.

I'm seeing a problem here...
by Joker_vD | 2026-01-05 05:53:53+00:00
Some architectures had CALL that was just "STR [SP], IP" without anything else, and it was up to the called procedure to adjust the stack pointer further to allocate for its local variables and the return slot for further calls. The RET instruction would still normally take an immediate (just as e.g. x86/x64's RET does) and additionally adjust the stack pointer by its value (either before or after loading the return address from the tip of the stack).
by Herodotus38 | 2026-01-05 05:54:05+00:00
There’s a hopefully unrelated concept called purple urine bag syndrome I have seen. Not completely understood either but this paper thinks due to a combination of dietary tryptophan breakdown from constipation and colonic E coli load, urinary bacteria, and reaction with the plastic tubing of the catheter and bag.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3894016/
by khimaros | 2026-01-05 05:54:15+00:00
i also built something in this space, but English to any language. it is also self hosting (the "compiler" itself is built from an English language spec and chilled to several language implementations). supports any LLM backend including llama.cpp: https://github.com/khimaros/enc -- designed for Makefile driven workflows, mimicking the 'cc' CLI. many examples in the repo.
by tkgally | 2026-01-05 05:55:46+00:00
> Too many negative comments here.

I wonder if the author’s use of “you” rubbed some people the wrong way: “You are alone and powerless. You encounter a deep challenge,” “When you let your thoughts wander, they take you on a journey you’ll never think possible,” etc.

The pronoun seems intended to refer to the author’s own experiences, but I can see why some readers might think it refers to them. I had a bit of a negative reaction to those “you”s myself, as I experience cafés very differently from the author.

I have a similar negative reaction to op-ed articles that use “we” to refer to some sort of personified zeitgeist. From some essays currently appearing in the Opinion section of the New York Times:

“We are all in a constant state of grief, even though we don’t always admit it.”

“But we spend much of our lives in weaker friendship markets, where people are open to conversation, but not connection.”

“Over the past six decades or so, we chose autonomy, and as a result, we have been on a collective journey from autonomy to achievement to anxiety.”
by duped | 2026-01-05 05:56:14+00:00
Ultimately everything is an abstraction. The point I'm making is that linear regions are a useful abstraction for both disk and memory, but that's not enough to unify them. Particularly in that memory cares about the visibility of writes to other processes/threads, whereas disk cares about the durability of those writes. This is an important distinction that programmers need to differentiate between for correctness.

Perhaps a WAL was a bad example. Ultimately you need the ability to atomically reserve a region of a certain capacity and then commit it durably (or roll back). Perhaps there are other abstractions that can do this, but with linear memory and disk regions it's exceedingly easy.

Personally I think file I/O should have an atomic CAS operation on a fixed maximum number of bytes (just like shared memory between threads and processes) but afaik there is no standard way to do that.
by apparent | 2026-01-05 05:56:20+00:00
> based on all available evidence, and multiple jurisdictions make vaccination compulsory without exception

Can you share which jurisdictions mandate the HPV vaccine and have no exceptions? I am aware of only a few jurisdictions where it is required, and all such jurisdictions have exceptions.

They also only require it for kids in schools, so any kid who is homeschooled is not subject to the mandate in the first place.

More importantly, the vast, vast majority of jurisdictions have no mandate whatsoever, so any parent can also choose to move to one of those, in addition to the homeschool option.
by arjie | 2026-01-05 05:56:42+00:00
That is a funny read. I love my Bambu P1S for the flexibility it gives us in our house. The 3d printing community is also only matched by the software community in terms of the open-source ecosystem. There's a big culture of remixing and this and that. My wife and I have printed half a dozen things around the house that are useful. I've only ever made one tiny item and I don't think it's of much use to most people because I just used an LLM to build it: a mount for my Eufy E21 baby camera. It's just a box with two pins that end in a cone shape for lateral strength. It works surprisingly well and all I needed was my calipers, a few minutes with Claude Code, and some iteration with the print. Great fun!
by genewitch | 2026-01-05 05:57:46+00:00
so during hurricane Laura the NWS transmitters ceased functioning. The southern one i can pick up was uncrewed and stopped working during, and the northern one, i don't remember, but it went down about 2 hours later, well before the storm was upon them.

up to that same storm i was a gung-ho let's go ham enthusiast. up to. I lived in a more direct path relative to where most of the repeater users were, so they were complaining about how hard it would be to find ice the next morning than relaying potentially life-altering information about storm tracks or whatever.

I explained to everyone as sternly as i could that this was literally an emergency, which was the primary designation of the tallest repeater in the county, and if they wanted to chit chat with chet they should move to one of the 3 other analog or 2 other digital repeaters in the same area.

nothing doing. I was the arrl tech specialist for my state, too. I completely pulled out of the hobby. I might dabble in the future with low power or beacons or whatever, but VHF/UHF i'm done with local usage.

i know you specifically said AM; however i didn't have an AM radio "handy" during the storm and power outage, etc. 9/10 the NOAA/NWS weather radio service suffices.
by kelthuzad | 2026-01-05 05:57:51+00:00
Your argument relies on a false dichotomy that reeks of concern trolling. You claim we only have two choices, Apple's tyranny or Google's hegemony. That ignores the third option explicitly mentioned in the parent comment: aggressive antitrust enforcement. By saying "That's what should have happened long ago." you pretend as if we're now helpless, as if we can't still solve it by applying proper anti-trust measures asap.

The existence of a threat from Google does not justify the existence of anti-competitive business practices by Apple. We do not have to "pick a favorite" monopoly, we can and should use legislation to handle both. Framing this as a binary choice is a defeatist tactic that serves only to protect the Gatekeepers and preserve the status quo.

(Note: Reposting, because the previous comment was falsely mass flagged by a group of coordinating actors trying to manipulate conversations - The comment had massiv upvotes and 48 hours later was suddenly false flagged by the usual suspects despite having positive upvotes)
by rswail | 2026-01-05 05:57:59+00:00
Terraform CDK is just a layer on top of terraform to avoid writing HCL/JSON.

It's also deprecated by Hashicorp now.

CDK on AWS itself uses CFN, which is a dog's breakfast and has no visibility on what's happening under the covers.

Just write HCL (or JSON, JSONNET etc) in the first place.
by tartoran | 2026-01-05 05:58:47+00:00
Windows keeps on nudging me to use Onedrive at work and I've always refused to do so. But it's become such a pain that I stopped using most office products unless really needed. When saving a file from excel you have to go through all these hoops to save it locally, it's really annoying. Unfortunately the majority of the cattle do use Onedrive and see no issue.
by 8f2ab37a-ed6c | 2026-01-05 05:59:48+00:00
Big fan of my Dygma Defy and I've been using WisprFlow super heavily this last year, but the immediacy of typing is still hard to beat. But yeah, I hope the voice tools keep getting better, they've been a real life-saver so far and fortunately I'm a very fast talker.
by disfictional | 2026-01-05 06:00:31+00:00
Laziness, or job search, or parenting, or health issues, or caregiving, or something else. It's not a binary stay-current-or-you're-lazy situation, it's that the entire industry is moving to shorter timelines, smaller teams, and more technical complexity for web projects simultaneously. LLMs are a huge dopamine hit for short term gains when you're spinning plates day after day. The question is what the ecosystem will look like when everybody's been using LLMs as a stopgap for an extended period of time.
Show HN: Living Memory Dynamics – "living" episodic memory embedding space
by Mordiaky | 2026-01-05 06:02:12+00:00
I built Living Memory Dynamics (LMD), a Python framework for simulating biologically-inspired "living" episodic memory directly in embedding space—no external LLM required for the core dynamics.
Memories evolve over time like living entities: they have metabolic energy states (vivid → active → dormant → fading → ghost), emotional trajectories, and resonance fields that let them influence each other. The central piece is a new differential equation I derived (the Joshua R. Thomas Memory Equation) that drives continuous-time evolution:
dM/dt = ∇φ(N) + Σⱼ Γᵢⱼ R(vᵢ, vⱼ) + A(M, ξ) + κη(t)
This enables emergent behaviors: automatic narrative arcs (setup → conflict → climax → resolution), creative leaps via four operators (analogical transfer, manifold walking, orthogonal composition, void extrapolation), and hierarchical idea grafting.
Key points:

Pure vector operations (PyTorch + optional Triton CUDA kernels for speed)
Optional lightweight language grounding with sentence-transformers
Pip installable: pip install living-memory-dynamics (extras for language/cuda/all)
Benchmarks on consumer hardware show real-time evolution for dozens of memories

It's very new (released yesterday), and I'm submitting to arXiv soon (waiting on endorsement). Full research paper and math in the repo docs.
Would love feedback—try the examples and let me know what kinds of narratives or ideas it generates for you!
GitHub: https://github.com/mordiaky/LMD
PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/living-memory-dynamics/
by rswail | 2026-01-05 06:02:40+00:00
Also don't use Homebrew on MacOS because it screws around in /usr/local and still hasn't worked out how root is supposed to work.

Use Macports, it's tidy, installs into /opt/macports, works with Apple's frameworks and language configuration (for python, java etc), builds from upstream sources + patches, has variants to add/remove features, supports "port select" to have multiple versions installed in parallel.

Just a better solution all around.