MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by reincarnate0x14 | 2026-01-03 03:11:17+00:00
You can do the exact same thing in V6 if you want, there are so many extra bits you can have DHCPv6 or assigned addresses pack all kinds of things in there. With ULAs there are 16-bits for network ID, which is so sparse you can type the VLAN ID in decimal and ignore that you're losing the overhead. People will often put in joke address like deadbeef that can be fit into hex (the 40-bit global ID should be random but for hobbyist purposes most people are willing to suffer re-numbering it in the unlikely event their homelab is bought out by IBM). If you'd rather eat into the interface id portion, you can technically do whatever you want in there although packing too much in may locally cause problems in some routers if you try to treat it like additional network id bits. It's the equivalent to have both middle bytes of 10.x.y.z available for whatever while still having a few hundred billion available subnets.

Just as an example google's public DNS is 2001:4860:4860::8888 because their v4 dns is 8.8.8.8.
by WarOnPrivacy | 2026-01-03 03:11:21+00:00
>>> America has one of the highest IPv6 adoptions in the world.
>> Except for people. Specifically, wireline end users.
Triply so if they're on Fiber.
> I don't think so?

The US is a bit over 50%.¹ I'd attribute any recent growth to Verizon finally deploying IPv6 on FiOS (after 2 decades). But I think that's going to be it for growth. Every wireline ISP who was at-all willing to deploy IPv6 has.

The rest of them are effectively IPv6-Never-Evers. Our 1 cable ISP (spectrum) offers it. None of our fiber providers do (Frontier, WideOpenWest, T-Mobile, Optyx, Evolution). Given how new fiber deployments seem to be IPv6-adverse, I wouldn't be surprised to see a bit of contraction over the next year or so.

I've posted elsewhere here that I'd relentlessly bugged my provider to deploy their IPv6. They have a /40 allocated. Or had. They just ditched it. Which I guess was their way of telling me to stop asking.

¹ https://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/statistics.html#tab=per-...
by condwanaland | 2026-01-03 03:11:51+00:00
The mistake here is having an architect who is not shipping product. Architects who's job it is to define 'rules' and 'patterns' without actually impending anything are almost always a bad idea. Just focus on shipping. Have at least one experienced engineer who can guide the development but don't give those decisions over to some 'architect' who is not even going to write 10 lines of code in your codebase
by devman0 | 2026-01-03 03:13:05+00:00
> It's called a firewall. You want a firewall. IPv6 also has a firewall. NAT is not a firewall. NAT is usually configured as part of your firewall, but is not a firewall.

Expanding on this. NAT as deployed in most soho/residential settings requires a stateful firewall to track connections + port mapping logic.A stateful firewall is also used for IPv6 edge security and using the same basic posture (out allow, in established/related only) except the only difference is it isn't also doing an address mapping. Nobody is out there saying folks should run a wide open IPv6 edge, and as far as I'm aware no one is shipping IPv6 ready consumer routers that do that (but I'm prepared to be proven wrong in the responses).
by kyboren | 2026-01-03 03:13:15+00:00
I generally agree with you there, I simply don't think firebombing Tokyo and even nuking a couple cities was disproportionate. Morally wrong? Maybe. The only way to achieve a necessary military effect? Probably not. But they certainly had it coming in spades.

The Japanese tried to firebomb the US, too; they simply weren't as successful[0]. They also had a nuclear program, and God knows they would have nuked the US first if they could have. There was no Mutually Assured Destruction back then, either--just unidrectional Assured Destruction. I'm glad the US got there first.

Consider the handy Wikipedia chart of WWII deaths[1]. The main instigators of the deadliest war in history, Germany and Japan, have fairly low total death rates and, in fact, comparatively low civilian death rates compared to the Allies.

Further I want to point out that 'proportionate' is not the same as 'equivalent'. A proportionate response doesn't mean you try to kill exactly the same number of troops or sink the same number of warships.

Finally I want to reiterate that I do generally agree with you about the value and deterrent effect of some perceived probability of a disproportionate response, or at least the value of unpredictability in general. That is not to say that I believe the Madman Theory is an optimal strategy over the long term, but I do think it can be played effectively as a short-term tactic.

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu-Go_balloon_bomb

[1]: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wo...
by sammyjoze1 | 2026-01-03 03:13:41+00:00
So I've been struggling with vocabulary learning forever—whether it was medical school terms, coding jargon, or just trying to sound less like an idiot in professional settings. Traditional vocab apps either throw random words at you with zero context, or make you spend hours manually creating flashcards. Neither worked for me.

I got frustrated enough that I just built my own solution: WordLingo. Basically, you tell it what you want to learn (medical terms, Python vocabulary, legal stuff, whatever), and it uses AI to generate the words, definitions, examples, and quizzes automatically. No more hunting down word lists or spending your weekend making flashcards.

# How it works

You type in a topic or paste your own word list, and the AI creates everything—flashcards, quizzes, spaced repetition study plans. It's like having a tutor that actually knows what you need to learn instead of just throwing generic content at you.

# Main features

- *AI-generated content*: Words and definitions personalized to whatever topic you're studying
- *Spaced repetition*: Actually helps you remember stuff long-term
- *Gamification*: XP, achievements, streaks (because apparently I need fake internet points to stay motivated)
- *Pre-built classrooms*: Things like "Stop Using Very" or "Intensity Boosters" if you don't want to create your own
- *Custom topics*: Create classrooms for literally any subject—medical, legal, coding, you name it
- *Multiple study modes*: Flashcards and quizzes, with spelling tests coming soon
- *AI tutor*: Chat feature that tracks your progress and suggests what to study next
- *Progress tracking*: Stats, leaderboards, badges—all that good stuff
- *Community templates*: Study sets shared by other users

# Why I think it's different

Apps like Quizlet and Anki are solid, but they make you do all the work upfront. WordLingo generates everything with one input. Type "legal terminology" and boom—you've got a complete study classroom ready to go. The AI creates contextually relevant definitions and examples, not just generic dictionary entries. You can also paste your own word lists and it'll handle the rest.

# Would love feedback

It's live at [wordlingo.app](https://wordlingo.app/) if anyone wants to check it out. The free tier includes one custom classroom plus all the pre-built ones, so you can actually try it without signing up for anything.

Genuinely curious what you all think—especially if you're studying something specific or have ideas for features. What vocabulary learning problems are you dealing with? What would make this more useful? Spelling quiz mode is coming in the next update.
by eddythompson80 | 2026-01-03 03:13:54+00:00
I don’t know anything that makes me think it’s inadequate per se, but it’s also been more than 10 years since I thought about it. Restic, gocryptfs, and/or age are far more flexible, generic and flat out better in managing encrypted files/backups depending on how you want to orchestrate it. Restic can do everything, gocryptfs+rclone can do more, etc.
by Ancapistani | 2026-01-03 03:14:29+00:00
I’ve run into “safeguards” far more frequently than I’ve actually tried to go outside the bounds of the acceptable use policy. For example, when I was attempting to use ChatGPT to translate a journal that was handwritten in Russian that contained descriptions of violent acts. I wasn’t generating violent content, much less advocating it - I was trying to understand something someone who had already committed a violent act had written.

> If you think people here think that models should enable CSAM you're out of your mind.

Intentional creation of “virtual” CSAM should be prosecuted aggressively. Note that that’s not the same thing as “models capable of producing CSAM”. I very much draw the line in terms of intent and/or result, not capability.

> There is such thing as reasonable safety, it not all or nothing. You also don't understand the diversity of opinion here.

I agree, but believe we are quite far away from “reasonable safety”, and far away from “reasonable safeguards”. I can get GPT-5 to try to talk me into committing suicide more easily than I can get it to translate objectionable text written in a language I don’t know.
by linsomniac | 2026-01-03 03:14:34+00:00
Typically, multi-homing means having an ASN and using BGP, or having multiple providers with BGP announce your prefix. So, a server in a DC might count, if you can get them to announce your prefix, though they'll probably want to announce their own prefix and give you a chunk of it. Your home network probably isn't going to be announcing your prefix.

It really depends on what you're trying to achieve by having a direct IPv6 allocation...
by avidiax | 2026-01-03 03:14:50+00:00
That's quite true, but in this counterfactual, IPv4+ doesn't pretend that 6to4 is just a transition mechanism to an all-IPv6 future. That is, IPv4+ is as-if 6to4 was the default, preferred, or only mechanism, and core routers were never demanded to upgrade.

It's an edge based solution similar to NAT, but directly addressable. And given that it extends IPv4, I think it would have been much more "marketable" than IPv6 was.

But again, this is all counterfactual. The IETF standardized IPv6, and 30 years on it's still unclear that we will deprecate IPv4 anytime soon.
by WarOnPrivacy | 2026-01-03 03:14:50+00:00
Yes. For a while now. Actually to my detriment because TM hotspot users are usually IPv6 only. Which is a real issue for me. When I'm on a hotspot, my customers are unreachable to me. I can't VPN into them because 5 of 6 wireline ISP here are IPv4 only.
by possiblywrong | 2026-01-03 03:15:09+00:00
Following is the closed form solution linked in the article (from a since-deleted Reddit comment):

from functools import reduce

def recurrence(ops, a0, n):
def transform(x, op):
return eval(repr(x) + op)
ops = ops.split()
m = reduce(transform, [op for op in ops if op[0] in ('*', '/')], 1)
b = reduce(transform, ops, 0)
for k in range(n + 1):
print('Term 0: ', a0 * m ** k + b * (m ** k - 1) / (m - 1))

> This is really only interesting if a particular (potentially really large) term of the sequence is desired, as opposed to all terms up to a point. The key observation is that any sequence of the given set of operations reduces to a linear recurrence which has the given solution.
by thunderbong | 2026-01-03 03:15:31+00:00
For the last few days I was trying to revive an old MacBook Air for a non-techie friend. It had 4 GB of RAM.

It had Catalina on it and was completely unusable. Hovering on anything would bring up the spinner which would take a couple of minutes to resolve itself.

I tried reinstalling the OS, which didn't help. The top recommendation was to revert to Mojave.

Finally, after three days of struggle, I gave up and installed Linux Mint.

The difference is absolutely unbelievable. Even heavy applications like LibreOffice and Zoom are snappy.

Apple makes such good hardware. I felt really sad about the state of their software compatibility with older machines.

So, I don't know about the rest of the world, but I know one more person will be using Linux in 2026!
by kscarlet | 2026-01-03 03:15:40+00:00
It seems that JIT is overloaded with at least 2 meaning.

The canonical definition of JIT is "compilation during execution of a program". Usually, a program is being interpreted first, then switches to compiled code in the middle of execution. This is not what this article does.

What this article does is sometimes called on-the-fly AOT, or just on-the-fly compilation. I'd prefer not overloading the term "JIT".
by daramad | 2026-01-03 03:15:48+00:00
MorVoice (morvoice.com) has been delivering exceptional free text-to-speech and speech-to-text services that rival premium platforms like ElevenLabs and Play.ht. The quality is so good that it's causing serious concern among competitors.

What's remarkable:
- Professional-grade TTS/STT completely free
- Built on TON blockchain for security
- AI Music Generator included
- Zero character limits or usage restrictions

The platform has been under intense pressure from competitors who can't match the combination of quality and free access. Despite aggressive attempts to discredit or disrupt the service, MorVoice's quality and free model continue to attract users.

This raises interesting questions about the future of AI voice technology:
1. Can premium services justify their pricing when free alternatives match their quality?
2. How will the industry respond to blockchain-based, truly free platforms?
3. What does this mean for accessibility in AI technology?

Worth checking out if you're interested in AI voice tech or following industry disruption.
by msuniverse2026 | 2026-01-03 03:15:51+00:00
Neat. Some of us in the r/toycameras community use 'Blue4est' which is a thermal paper filled with microscopic bubbles that collapse when exposed to heat as opposed to the endocrine disrupting BPA receipt paper. Another benefit of this paper is that the images can last for about 35 years. Toy cameras are a great gift for kids, and it can be neat for them to look back on the pictures they took from their little perspectives after they have grown up.

https://thermalprintcameras.wordpress.com/blue4est-paper/
by mbgerring | 2026-01-03 03:17:09+00:00
Location: San Francisco

Remote: preferred

Willing to relocate: not a dealbreaker

Technologies: full stack web applications (JavaScript, Python, some Java, React, Svelte, AWS), embedded systems (C++ via Arduino for motor control, sensors, lighting applications), advanced manufacturing/fabrication (Rhino, 3D printing, CNC), power systems (low power DC electronics, solar/battery systems, AC power distribution)

Resume/CV: matthewgerring.com/resume

Email: gerring.matthew@gmail.com

I have ten years of experience in the energy industry, and I am a subject matter expert in utility tariff modeling and design and large scale off-grid clean energy systems. I have prototyped or implemented AI-based tariff modeling solutions at 2 different companies. I’m looking for high-impact roles in clean energy deployment, as close to the metal as possible. Also open to work in enterprise B2B software in a clean energy or climate tech adjacent role.
by ecshafer | 2026-01-03 03:17:23+00:00
Microsoft was founded in 1975. 1981 was the first DOS release. 1985 was the first release of Windows. 40 years working on windows is a long time, I would be surprised if anyone for the original team is left at this point. Even someone joining out of college in 2000 is now 25 years in, is 57, and could feasibly be retiring....
by rose-knuckle17 | 2026-01-03 03:17:28+00:00
Senior care and technology is going to be a gold rush over the next couple decades. Society is not prepared for the only generation who grew up on the internet to regress into mental infirmary while still believing technology is an essential need.

For those of you who haven't already had to deal with today's 70 year old MCI sufferers and technology, it is already a complete shitshow, and that generation lived half their adult lives without mobile technology.

Imagine finding 12 renewing subscriptions to malwarebytes and other security suites. Or having to burn credit cards every month because they can no longer tell the difference between ads/scams and actual needs. Microsoft, of course, helpfully shovels those scams straight to them via the operating system now. The corporations of America have figured out that milking our elders is good for a quick buck, and it is in their interests to make sure no safety nets are in place. Once they are required, they'll game whatever that system is too.

It is all the control battles our parents fought with their parents over driving, but now it is about the phone/tablet/computer, but not being able to take the phone away as a practical matter because the (first) world expects everyone to have them.

SSO and recovery keys are a problem for proxy account administrators - especially with the banking and medical sectors which still rely solely on SMS. Sites such as login.gov won't allow multiple accounts to have the same phone number. So if both you and your parents need accounts for social security, you as the caregiver can't use your phone as the second factor for their account.

For added fun, many organizations, including banks and the US Government/various federal pension boards, refuse to recognize a power of attorney letter, either. The entire modern situation leaves caregiver children having to commit technical TOS violation/fraud/perjury just to get accounts reset or to (re)gain access to submit address changes.
by leoc | 2026-01-03 03:20:04+00:00
At the risk of perhaps stating the obvious, there appears to be a whiff of aggression from this article. The "fighting fire with fire" language, the "haha, we love old FakeFoster, going to have to see if we change that" response to complaints that the voice was intimidating ... if there wasn't a specific desire to punish the class for LLM use by subjecting them to a robotic NKVD interrogation then the authors should have been more careful to avoid leaving that impression.
by unsettledturtle | 2026-01-03 03:20:23+00:00
I think it's a lot of different factors coming together. The success of the steam deck has really breathed life into the linux gaming scene - certainly for me personally, that was the main blocker to switching from windows.

That, plus (what feels like) a lot of recent advances in Linux. When I tried it... 2-3ish years ago? I recall e.g. fractional display scaling being basically nonfunctional. But when I tried again early 2025, it pretty much Just Worked (arguably even better than it did on windows), I just had to manually enable wayland. Pretty sure even that's just the default nowadays.

Which basically sums up my personal windows -> linux pipeline: bought a steam deck, was impressed at how well it ran my steam library; had my old laptop finally die on me, ran my life off the steam deck for a while; decided to eventually build a new machine, and figured I might as well try installing linux from the get-go. Everything worked fine on the first try, and I ended up not even installing windows.

certainly within my friend groups, I'm seeing more and more people entertaining the idea of making the switch as well. Admittedly, that's primarily "tech-savvy" folks though.
by ritahuang | 2026-01-03 03:20:23+00:00
Location: Taiwan/Asia (UTC+8)

Remote: Remote/ Worldwide /can work overlap at least 4 hours within EST or work within CET

Willing to relocate: No

Technologies:

- Languages & Frameworks - Ruby, TypeScript, JavaScript, PostgreSQL, HTML/CSS, Ruby On Rails, Sinatra, Chartkick, StimulusJS, jQuery, Handlebars, Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS

- Other: Heroku, Render, Git, VS Code, User Authentication & Authorization

Résumé/CV: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vM1q2LVk7Bk14q38P7JKrLKXz1x...

GitHub: https://github.com/yuhruh

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yuruhuang/

Portfolio: https://pet-feeding-tracker-v3-bv01.onrender.com/

Email: yuhruhgrape@gmail.com

Hello, I'm Rita. I am an independent software engineer with over 4 years of full-stack development experience, specializing in building clear, maintainable, secure, and reliable applications with Ruby on Rails (RoR) and postgreSQL.

I recently used RoR 8, Bootstrap, and PostgreSQL to build the 'Pet Feeder Tracker' and deploy on Render. This application is designed to help pet owners discover their pets' eating preferences and simplify the record-keeping process for feeding.
by D-Machine | 2026-01-03 03:20:46+00:00
I should clarify that LLMs trained on the internet are necessarily a dead end, theoretically, because the internet both (1) lacks specialist knowledge and knowledge that cannot be encoded in text / language, and (2) is polluted with not just false, but irrelevant knowledge for general tasks. LLMs (or rather, transformers and deep models tuned by gradient descent) trained on synthetic data or more curated / highly-specific data where there are actual costs / losses we can properly model (e.g. AlphaFold) could still have tremendous potential. But "LLM" in the usual, everyday sense in which people use this label, are very limited.

A good example would be trying to make an LLM trained on the entire internet do math proofs. Almost everything in its dataset tells it that the word "orthogonal" means "unrelated to", because this is how it is used colloquially. Only in a tiny amount of math forums / resources it digested does this actually mean something about the dot product, so clearly an LLM that does math well only does so by ignoring the majority of the space it is trained on. Similar considerations apply for attempting to use e.g. vision-language models trained on "pop" images to facilitate the analysis of, say, MRI scans, or LIDAR data. That we can make some progress in these domains tells us there is some substantial overlap in the semantics, but it is obvious there are limits to this.

There is no reason to believe these (often: irrelevant, incorrect) semantics learned from the entire web are going to be helpful for the LLM to produce deeply useful math / MRI analysis / LIDAR interpretation. Broadly, not all semantics useful in one domain are useful in another, and, even more clearly, linguistic semantics clearly have limited relevance to much of what we consider intelligence (which includes visual, auditory, proprioceptive/kinaesthetic, and, arguably, mathematical abstractions). But, it could well be that curve-fitting huge amounts of data from the relevant semantic space (e.g. feeding transformers enough Lean / MRI / LIDAR data) is in fact all we need, so that e.g. transformers are "good enough" for achieving most basic AI aims. It just is clearly the case that the internet can't provide all that data for all / most domains.

EDIT: Also Anthropic's writeups are basically fraud if you actually understand the math, there is no "thinking ahead" or "planning in advance" in any sense, literally just if you head down certain paths due to pre-training, yes, of course, you can "already see" weight activations of future tokens: this is just what curve-fitting in N-D looks like, there is no where else for the model to go. Actual thinking ahead means things like backtracking / backspace tokens, i.e. actually retracing your path, which current LLMs simply cannot do.
by siscia | 2026-01-03 03:21:48+00:00
I created something similar, but instead of final oral examination, we do homework.

The student is supposed to submit a whole conversation with an LLMs.

The LLM is prompted to answer a question or resolve a problem, and the LLM is there to assist.
The LLM is instructed to never reveal the answer.

More interesting is the concept that the whole conversation is available to the instructor for grading.
So if the LLMs makes mistake, or give away the solution, or if the student prompt engineer around it. It is all there and the instructor can take the necessary corrective measures.

87% of the students quite liked it, and we are looking forward to doubling the students that will be using it next quarter.

Overall, we are looking for more instructor to use it. So if you are interested in it please get in touch.

More info on: https://llteacher.blogspot.com/