MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by layman51 | 2026-01-21 01:03:00+00:00
Maybe it’s because I don’t consider myself a super technical person, but I find it so hard to parse the title of this blog post. When I first read it, I thought it was saying something like, “The protocol is not insecure, and the reason is that it lacks a NAT”. However, after reading the blog post, it seems like it is intending a different meaning. The meaning I think is, “the protocol is not insecure just because it lacks NAT”.
by mturmon | 2026-01-21 01:04:21+00:00
Yeah, and with California's typical topography (relatively younger mountains), there's a lot of sediment at the ready than can fill dams and render them worse than useless -- i.e., costs money, loses capacity fast, alters river and coast.

E.g.: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilija_Dam#History

> Almost immediately after construction, the dam began silting up. The dam traps about 30% of the total sediment in the Ventura River system, depriving ocean beaches of replenishing sediment. Initially, engineers had estimated it would take 39 years for the reservoir to fill with silt, but within a few years it was clear that the siltation rate was much faster than anticipated.

There are similar sites all over the state. If you happen to live in the LA area, the Devil's Gate Dam above Pasadena is another such (but originally built for flood control, not for storage).

It's just not as easy as GP comment imagines.
by Dagger2 | 2026-01-21 01:05:37+00:00
So, what side effect of NAT is making your server unreachable here? It sounds like you could turn the NAT off and it would be exactly as unreachable as it was when the NAT was on.

(Just to double-check... have you tried DHCPv6-PD? ISPs will normally only give your router a single IP on its WAN interface, or sometimes no IP on the WAN. Getting the routed prefix for the LAN-side networks involves doing a PD request, which is separate from requesting the WAN IP.)
by Shellban | 2026-01-21 01:05:38+00:00
This, exactly. I tend to run into a lot of problems, but that is mostly because I tend to tinker with it in non-standard ways (hard to be surprised about your computer no longer booting when you intentionally tried to change the encryption setup). However, if you install a distro closest to your use-case and and then stick with just general applications (i.e. the kind you can get from Flatpak), you should not run into issues.

Of course, some things will randomly break unexpectedly, but you get that with Windows and MacOS, too.
Show HN: I created my first mobile app, could use some support
by gangelo | 2026-01-21 01:06:15+00:00
Hi Everyone,

I created a mobile app called Accumoo, and I would appreciate it if y'all can have a look, download and give me a favorable review. Lots of blood, sweat, tears and love went into this app, and I hope you LOVE it as much as I do - it's the app I always needed and wanted. Anyhow, I've been a Rails developer and Software Engineer for a long time, and this is my first stab at a mobile app. It's a "habit tracker" app on steroids that's just fun to use - syncs across devices, local-first architecture - and an easter egg game for good measure.

Help a disabled vet out and give it a go.

Thank you in advance.
GA
by renewiltord | 2026-01-21 01:06:17+00:00
“Used to be” is not “is”. The USSR was an ally. As everyone is pointing out here, there’s no going back. Given that, and as much as I preferred the old order, we have only forward to go.

If there were a path back, there’d be a point. But in this discussion, everything has already happened. There’s not much point in saying “if you hadn’t”. Well, Trump did. Having done what he did, nothing to do now but to go full bore.

Now that we are on a war footing, potentially with our erstwhile allies who have no interest in renewing the alliance given present conditions, the only path to preserve US control is aggression.
by tombert | 2026-01-21 01:08:08+00:00
I remember I got a little confused when I was first learning TLA+, because what you normally call "functions" are "operators" [1], and what you'd normally call "maps" or "lists" are called "functions".

It was odd to me, because it hadn't really occurred to me before that, given infinite memory (and within a mathematical framework), there's fundamentally not necessarily a difference between a "list" and a "function". With pure functions, you could in "theoretical-land", replace any "function" with an array, where the "argument" is replaced with an index.

And it makes sense to me now; TLA+ functions can be defined like maps or lists, but they can also be defined in terms of operations to create the values in the function. For example, you could define the first N factorials like

Fact == <<1, 2, 6, 24, 120>>

or like this:

Fact[n \in Nat] ==
IF n = 0 THEN 1
ELSE n * Fact[n - 1]

in both cases, if you wanted to get the factorial of 5, you'd call Fact[5], and that's on purpose because ultimately from TLA+'s perspective they are equivalent.

[1] At least sort of; they superficially look like functions but they're closer to hygienic macros.
by hnthrow0287345 | 2026-01-21 01:09:08+00:00
Maybe I'm shooting for the moon, but I'd like soft delete to be some kind of built-in database feature. It would be nice to enable it on a table then choose some built-in strategies on how it's handled.

Soft-delete is a common enough ask that it's probably worth putting the best CS/database minds to developing some OOTB feature.
by Legend2440 | 2026-01-21 01:09:20+00:00
> Artificial intelligence will displace so many jobs that it will eliminate the need for mass immigration, according to Palantir Technologies Inc. Chief Executive Officer Alex Karp.

>“There will be more than enough jobs for the citizens of your nation, especially those with vocational training,” said Karp, speaking at a World Economic Forum panel in Davos, Switzerland on Tuesday. “I do think these trends really do make it hard to imagine why we should have large-scale immigration unless you have a very specialized skill.”

Idk man, that sounds like a crock of nonsense. Previous waves of automation sure didn’t stop the demand for immigrant labor - if anything, it’s only increased.
by zamalek | 2026-01-21 01:09:38+00:00
I've been using it exclusively for a few years now, but I'd still say: it depends. e.g. we've yet to see an actual photoshop replacement in OSS (Krita seems to be on a good trajectory now that they've pivoted to a broader scope). First stop is checking whether you have viable replacements for things that you use.

Ubuntu is going to strong-arm you into Snaps, the snap-ectomy is nontrivial, and they have a habit of reappearing. Some people don't have a problem with Snaps - so non-issue if you don't care. Otherwise I'd go with a downstream distro that removes them: pop os, mint, or even upstream (Debian).

XFS is an extremely mature file system if you don't need anything fancy, and you're probably less likely to lose data compared to $proprietary. The other major ones (ext4 and btrfs) are probably just as good, but XFS honestly does stand out in terms of maturity and simplicity.

A common trap is trusting the installer with partitioning. My last Ubuntu installation ran out of space on EFI. 5gb is overkill, but given how abundant disk space is, who cares. Separating / and /home is a good idea for rescue/reinstalling but without btrfs subvolumes (Ubuntu uses btrfs subvolumes by default) it becomes a bit challenging to figure out how to dice things up: e.g. docker containers are stored in /var, so they can deplete your system drive space. Last time I didn't use btrfs, 200gb for / never caused issues for me.

Oh, and Windows has a habit of removing other boot loaders from its drive. If you dual boot, use a different disk for the entire installation.

That's really the extent of the gotchas I'd give to a person literate enough to install an OS. I would slightly urge towards immutable (Silverblue), but Ubuntu is just fine.
by ProllyInfamous | 2026-01-21 01:09:39+00:00
>40% of international students were cheaters. When some were caught they fell back on cultural norms as their defense. The university never balked because those students, or their institutions, paid tuition in cash.

Twenty years ago, at Vanderbilt, this would have been an understatement — particularly among non-citizen asians.

I remember in organic chemistry an instructor attempted to re-give the same examination ("because ya'll did so terrible") and it was struck down by a dean as not allowable simply because the Honor Code was to be invoked that nobody/groups would share answers (yeah sure okay).

The minority following the Honor Code ended up getting into lesser graduate schools (e.g. myself) — because most courses didn't curve and VU didn't give out A+ as a grade. I have specifically not mentioned the specific country which cheated most-blatantly... but everybody from back then knew/knows.
by Shellban | 2026-01-21 01:10:26+00:00
Functionally, it is very similar to Flatpak. The main reason people do not like it (for reasons independent of sandboxed applications in general) is that Canonical controls the store and that it is not open-sourced, and that it is very difficult to remove it on Ubuntu setups (a major pain-point for people who need an unsandboxed Firefox setup).
by remarkEon | 2026-01-21 01:12:22+00:00
An illegal immigrant commits a crime, say vehicular homicide. ICE lodges a detainer against this person, and the local PD refuses and instead releases the offender. As a result, ICE runs a tactical team out to go pick him up.

This is the outcome that you appear to believe is optimal, and you are intentionally using emotionally loaded words like "lenient" to attempt to guilt me into retreating from my position that this is, in fact, not an optimal outcome. In many cases like this additional crimes are committed before the offender is apprehended, crimes which are of course 100% preventable, without you and your "leniency".

>Tell me you at least recognize the difference between actively doing something against some group, and merely not helping them?

Technically speaking, you are right. These states are actively working against their own citizens, not the Federal government.
by dfajgljsldkjag | 2026-01-21 01:12:51+00:00
> They may not be able to register with Google, but they can make an RCS app nonetheless.

They can make a "standards compliant" RCS which will be able to connect to literally zero carriers or servers on the planet.

In fact Google Messages "RCS" doesn't even implement the RCS standard. They use a proprietary protobuf api exclusive to Google. Google messages can't connect to any "RCS" servers except Google's.

> Twilio has RCS too

Twilio, Bandwidth etc. are gatekept by Google and are basically just a middleman reselling Google's product.
by fatbird | 2026-01-21 01:12:56+00:00
You have a laundry list of complaints about Canada's action wrt the US. What would someone like you on Canada's side of the border offer in response, do you think?

All of these issues go back long before Trump, who has made things uniquely worse. But any two countries with as long (and tightly bound) a history as ours are going to have constant points of friction. Are you suggesting Canada is uniquely a "fake friend" in this equation?
by winwang | 2026-01-21 01:12:57+00:00
I think it depends on what you mean by "is a function". You can think of a constant, `x` as `x_: () -> {x}` (i.e. everything can be indirected). It could be argued that this is "philosophically" "useful" since getting (using) the value of `x`, even as an actual constant, requires at the least loading it as an immediate into the ALU (or whatever execution unit).

Even non-functional relations can be turned into functions (domain has to change). Like a circle, which is not a function of the x-axis, can be parameterized by an angle theta (... `0 <= theta < 2pi`)
by krisoft | 2026-01-21 01:13:00+00:00
Very good question! I believe they are simultaneous positions. Skyfield has facilities to calculate the light propagation adjusted position but i didn’t use them. Would you have? Is one more “correct” or more likely to be anticipated by future sentients? I’m always unsure about ther design details.

Also there is an other skewiness. Because obviously the drawing is not to scale the moon position can be correct from the sun’s coordinate frame or the Earth’s coordinate frame, but not from both. I choose to make the moons “correct” in the sun’s coordinate frame. Meaning that if you were hovering over the ecliptic frame looking down at the Jupiter during the wedding and rotating the pendants so the sun is in the direction the real sun is, then you would see the moons under you in the same arangement as they are on the pendant. But if you would stand on the surface of earth (during the wedding) and look at Jupiter you would see the moons in a different arangements than a tiny human standing on the earth dot looking at the jupiter dot. (And not just because of the time delay difference, but because the coordinate systems are different.)

Which is weird. Because the wedding happened on Earth, not hovering over the plane of the eliptic over Jupiter. So maybe that was a weird choice. (And not even talking about how north-centric it is that i decided to draw the diagram from the “north” looking down at the eliptic, instead of from the “south” side. These are all kinda culturally driven arbitrary choices. Would love to have none of those present but I haven’t found a good and principeled way yet.)
by SigmundA | 2026-01-21 01:13:13+00:00
Wasn't aware you could put a WAL on a unreliable storage system either without risking data loss?

Would be interesting for indexes say put them on ram drive and rebuild them on restart if they aren't there just fallback to table scans.

MSSQL has memory optimized tables that do this sort of thing: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/i...
by Aurornis | 2026-01-21 01:13:51+00:00
> I would be surprised if AI prices reflect their current cost to provide the service, even inference costs.

This has been covered a lot. You can find quotes from one of the companies saying that they'd be profitable if not for training costs. In other words, inference is a net positive.

You have to keep in mind that the average customer doesn't use much inference. Most customers on the $20/month plans never come close to using all of their token allowance.
by htrp | 2026-01-21 01:14:13+00:00
I don't think OP is looking for context from the AI model perspective but rather a process for maintaining a mental picture of the system architecture and managing complexity.

I'm not sure I've seen any good vendors but I remember seeing a reverse devops tool posted a few days ago that would reverse engineer your VMs into Ansible code. If that got extended to your entire environment, that would almost be an auto documenting process.
by dpflan | 2026-01-21 01:14:27+00:00
I found this to be an interesting analysis:

“””

What has changed is where the durable value actually lives. It is increasingly useful to separate the stack into a few layers:

- The computing, IO, and compiler kernel libraries based on CUDA, compiler frameworks like MLIR or JAX’s XLA, and of course Apache Arrow.

-The database systems and caching layers, ideally connected with ADBC’s zero-serialization connnectivity.

- The language bindings and orchestration layers that expose those capabilities.

- The application or agent interfaces that sit on top.

When viewed this way, most of the long term value clearly resides in the first two layers (compute and data access), not the last two.

“””
by KK7NIL | 2026-01-21 01:15:11+00:00
The fab in Washington is very old (notice it's still equipped for 8 inch wafers) and so pretty irrelevant to Nvidia's business.

I'm not quite sure what process they run there but I believe it was an acquisition 10+ years ago, not built from the ground up by them.

Edit: their Japan fab is also a mature node so not very relevant here.
And their Arizona fab is a very very small portion of their volume and with far worse margin.
by gruez | 2026-01-21 01:15:16+00:00
>They specifically went to the third-party vendor, because the third-party vendor offers a platform to give them credit and pay them for finding security exploits. It is not the responsibility of the third-party vendor to manage all bug reports.

I don't know, the wording on their site suggests hackerone is the primary place to report security issues, not "if you want to get paid use hackerone, otherwise email us directly".

>For issues with Steam or with Valve hardware products, please visit HackerOne — https://hackerone.com/valve. Our guidelines for responsible disclosure are also available through that program.

https://www.valvesoftware.com/en/security
by ComputerGuru | 2026-01-21 01:15:26+00:00
Minor correction: you don’t even have to guarantee the data is monotonic, it just performs best when it mostly is (good example is when handling incoming timestamps data on the server so messages/rexords are only generally monotonic but may be processed out of order).

How well do they work for UUIDv7? You’d probably have to tune (increase?) pages_per_range, but even though each index entry is 16 bytes you have to consider the btree index on the same is also similarly affected (or worse).
by calcsam | 2026-01-21 01:15:30+00:00
Have a ton of respect for the AI SDK team. Initially we only used AI SDK model routing, but now we also have our own built-in model routing as well.

I see each of us having different architectures. AI SDK is more low-level, and Mastra is more integrated with storage powering our studio, evals, memory, workflow suspend/resume etc.
by dataviz1000 | 2026-01-21 01:15:44+00:00
I worked with Mastra for three months and it is awesome. Thank you for making a great product.

One thing to consider is that it felt clunky working with workflows and branching logic with non LLM agents. I have a strong preference for using rules based logic and heuristics first. That way, if I do need to bring in the big gun LLM models, I already have the context engineering solved. To me, an agent means anything with agency. After a couple weeks of frustration, I started using my own custom branching workflows.

One reason to use rules, they are free and 10,000x faster, with an LLM agent fallback if validation rules were not passing. Instead of running an LLM agent to solve a problem every single time, I can have the LLM write the rules once. The whole thing got messy.

Otherwise, Mastra is best in class for working with TypeScript.
by quietbritishjim | 2026-01-21 01:15:45+00:00
> No one doing this for money intends to train models that will never be amortized.

Taken literally, this is just an agreement with the comment you're replying to.

Amortizing means that it is gradually written off over a period. That is completely consistent with the ability to average it over some usage. For example, if a printing company buys a big new printing machine every 5 years (because that's how long they last before they wear out), they would amortize it's cost over the 5 years (actually it's depreciation not amortization because it's a physical asset but the idea is the same). But it's 100% possible to look at the number of documents they print over that period and calculate the price of the print machine per document. And that's still perfectly consistent with the machine paying for itself.
by whateveracct | 2026-01-21 01:16:04+00:00
I think in this context, it is function as in a lambda in LC.

The answer is pretty much, yes, everything can be a function. e.g. A KV Map can be a function "K -> Maybe V"

P.S. If this style of thinking appeals to you, go read Algebra Driven Design! https://leanpub.com/algebra-driven-design
by lelandbatey | 2026-01-21 01:16:32+00:00
That's only because your ISP won't have routed that packet to you if someone gave it to _them_. However, if someone was able to get to the ISP-side of the connection that you have with your ISP, and send a packet down the fiber/copper line from the ISP side towards your router, and that packet has a dst of your internal network (192.168.0.1 or whatever), your router will happily route that straight on to whatever internal network you have.

This means that if someone decided to be a bad actor and start tapping fiber lines on the poles in your neighborhood, NAT would do literally nothing to protect you from all the packets they start sending your way.
by tialaramex | 2026-01-21 01:16:34+00:00
Pistons, rather than all propellers. Basically imagine a really old car engine, because simplicity is crucial for reliability and ease of maintenance so all those "fancy" features your car had by the 1990s aren't available, however instead of turning wheels the piston engine turns a propeller. Like really old car engines these piston engines tend to be designed for leaded fuel. Because this is relatively cheap to do, all the cheapest planes aimed at GA (General Aviation, ie you just like flying a plane, not for pay) are like this.

Propellers are a very common means to make aeroplanes work though, instead of a piston engine, which is cheap to make but relatively unreliable and expensive to run, you can use turbine engines, which run on JetA aka kerosene, and the rotary motion of the turbine drives the propeller making a turboprop. In the US you won't see that many turboprop engines for passenger service, but in the rest of the world that's a very common choice for medium distance aeroplane routes, while the turbofan planes common everywhere in the US would in most places be focused on longer distances between bigger airfields because they deliver peak efficiency when they spend longer up in the sky.

JetA, whether for a turbofan or turboprop does not have lead in it, so to a first approximation no actual $$$ commercial flights spew lead. They're bad for the climate, but they don't spew lead into the atmosphere.
by matthewfcarlson | 2026-01-21 01:17:31+00:00
I would like some real world comparisons. How much power does the laptop or desktop consume during these (likely multi hour) sessions? Assuming you’re using a large HDR monitor 50-100W isn’t unreasonable and at 8 hours a day you’re talking about at least 2 days before you crack 1000kwh like his sessions do. But then a personal desktop on a gaming session can easily pull 1000w (cpu + gpu + peripherals). So comparing it to a gaming session seems fair.
by raddan | 2026-01-21 01:17:31+00:00
There’s a pretty rich literature around this style of pedagogy going back for decades and it is certainly not a new idea. My preferred formulation is Vygotsky’s “zone of proximal development” [1], which is the set of activities that a student can do with assistance from a teacher but not on their own. Keeping a student in the ZPD is pretty easy in a one-on-one setting, and can be done informally, but it is much harder when teaching a group of students (like a class). The. Latter requires a lot more planning, and often leans on tricks like “scaffolded” assignments that let the more advanced students zoom ahead while still providing support to students with a more rudimentary understanding.

Direct instruction sounds similar but in my reading I think the emphasis is more on small, clearly defined tasks. Clarity is always good, but I am not sure that I agree that smallness is. There are times, particularly when students are confused, that little steps are important. But it is also easy for students to lose sight of the goals when they are asked to do countless little steps. I largely tuned out during my elementary school years because class seemed to be entirely about pointless minutiae.

By contrast, project work is often highly motivational for students, especially when projects align with student interests. A good project keeps a student directly in their ZPD, because when they need your help, they ask. Lessons that normally need a lot of motivation to keep students interested just arise naturally.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_development