MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by nickpp | 2025-12-16 09:29:27+00:00
Any system needs a resource allocation algorithm.

In capitalism it is easy and transparent: price, with the side effect of aligning society interests with those of the selfish individual.

Of course the strange and heavily regulated US health-care system is obviously far far away from a free market.

In socialism it's much more random: black markets, lists, lotteries, friends and network of connections. The side effect is that the most productive individuals are discouraged and punished, with the whole society lagging in effect.

Case in point: the EU that started lagging the USA so much in growth that ended up having to beg for basic defense when a blood-thirsty neighbor came hungry for land.
Ask HN: What's stopping us from having full static validation of Python code?
by diegojromero | 2025-12-16 09:30:03+00:00
I have developed two mypy plugins[1][2] for Python to help with static checks.

I was wondering, how far are we with providing such a high level of static checks for interpreted languages that almost all issues can be catch statically? Is there any work on that on any interpreted programming language? What would you like to be statically-checked in Python?

[1] https://github.com/diegojromerolopez/mypy-pure

[2] https://github.com/diegojromerolopez/mypy-raise
by jcattle | 2025-12-16 09:30:31+00:00
Taking a system which was conceptualized about a quarter of a century ago and serves much different needs than what a datacenter in space needs (e.g. very strict thermal band, compared to acceptable temperature range from 20 to 80 degrees) isn't ideal.

The physics is quite simple and you can definitely make it work out. The Stefan Boltzman law works in your favor the higher you can push your temperatures.

If anything a orbital datacenter could be a slightly easier case. Ideally it will be in an orbit which always sees the sun. Most other satellites need to be in the earth shadow from time to time making heaters as well radiators necessary.
by benchly | 2025-12-16 09:30:50+00:00
There's no incentive for them to comply with your request. Like Facebook, scam ads are a revenue stream for Google. The profitability usually offsets any negative PR or fallout that results from these platforms turning a blind eye to the point where their budget accounts for some percentage of scam income, leaving them to pick and choose when to take action while they actively make their platform increasingly hostile to users who want to protect themselves from said ads.
by InterlooperX | 2025-12-16 09:31:14+00:00
Agreed that CEC is weird. Never thought about adding yet another device like the Pi into the mix to help control everything, though...

I have accepted that I am apparently in the minority with my setup. In fact I was actually surprised to read that OP has a Denon as, just by what I have read about the topic of home theater", everyone else seems to be doing just fine with a simple soundbar which has one! hdmi socket.

So, here is my setup: -Dumb TV (Panasonic. So old it doesn't have a CI+ module built in, it is "just" a CI module) -Denon AV Receiver -Nintendo Wii -Nintendo Switch Dock -Original Xbox -Blueray Player -HTPC -Satellite Receiver -AppleTV

Excessive? Maybe but I still own all that stuff, have room for it in my cabinet so I like to convenience of powering each of these on when I feel like it without having to unearth them from a storage room and then fiddle with cables to connect everything for just a short time of usage.

Basically everything is plugged into the Denon. And then a single HDMI cable goes from the Denon to the TV. So the TV stays on one HDMI channel and everything else happens on the Denon. Switch Inputs on there and you get the corresponding Audio/video signal from the chosen device.

So far I have been lucky that in order to switch everything on, I could use a Harmony One. I could simply program the power on command for the TV, then switch to HDMI1 and turn on the Satellite receiver. This was the default. Put it on a news station and you got yourself some background noise. If you want to switch, you just had to tell the Harmony to switch its input to any other device listed above.

It really irks me that the Harmony line is dead and I don't know what I will do should the remote, one day, stop to function. Now I wonder if I would have to go the Pi route to have that switch things around depending on devices announcing themself when turned on.
Show HN: TSZ – Open-source guardrails and data security layer for LLM pipelines
by halilbugol | 2025-12-16 09:31:36+00:00
Hi HN,

We’re a small team at Thyris working on open-source AI, with a focus on making AI systems safer and more practical to run in production.

While integrating LLMs into real-world applications, we kept running into the same issues: - sensitive data leaking into prompts or model outputs, - unsafe or non-compliant responses, - and brittle structured outputs (e.g. invalid JSON) breaking downstream systems.

To explore these problems, we built TSZ (Thyris Safe Zone), an open-source guardrails and data security layer that sits between applications and external AI or API systems.

At a high level, TSZ: - detects and redacts PII and secrets before data leaves your environment, - applies rule-based and semantic (AI-assisted) guardrails, - validates structured outputs against predefined schemas, - and returns clear signals (redacted output, metadata, blocked flag) so applications can decide how to proceed.

The project is fully open source (Apache 2.0) and self-hosted. We’re sharing it mainly to learn from others building LLM systems in production and to get feedback on what works and what doesn’t.

Repo: https://github.com/thyrisAI/safe-zone Docs: https://github.com/thyrisAI/safe-zone/tree/main/docs

Happy to answer questions or discuss alternative approaches people are using.
by mechsy | 2025-12-16 09:31:40+00:00
If you need less scale/features go for glitchtip. If you’re not going for k8s, the self-hosted docker-compose version of sentry works fine including proper releases and support by the sentry team etc. Just experimental newly introduced features can be a bit wonky. They are doing much more than just throwing code over the fence. Also phone home telemetry is optional and there’s a switch for just errors mode. IMHO this really builds trust. With regards to deployment complexity: well it’s built for handling high volumes of events. I’d reckon this is more a consequence of scaling the project rather than a coordinated plan to push people to their cloud offering. If you do go for k8s or choose to deploy the stack yourself, you even get access to the full scale solution. But if you’re at that scale, you probably have someone hanging around who knows how to run your clickhouse setup. You still get the full sentry software and SDKs for free in that case. I think this is as fair as it gets with regards to the open source SaaS model.
by bobdvb | 2025-12-16 09:32:04+00:00
I'll upvote you because you're mostly right.

But to be fair, there is a standard that could have been used for digital video, SDI/HD-SDI, but the transceivers were expensive and it doesn't support any form of bi-directional handshake. There was already prosumer kit, mostly in the US, which had SD-SDI connections as an alternative to component. It didn't get popular in Europe mostly because of SCART.

I was once talking with someone who was very much involved in the process of standardising TV connectivity, a senior engineer at Gennum, and he said it wouldn't have been practical and SDI couldn't have been competitive with HDMI.

Personally, I would have loved the idea of some kind of SDI with return path signalling, like a test probe connector: https://w140.com/tekwiki/images/thumb/8/86/Tek_Interface_Evo...
by wkat4242 | 2025-12-16 09:32:40+00:00
Hmmm this doesn't look bad at all. The linked page doesn't make it too clear but apparently you can install it yourself for free, you don't have to buy their hardware.

It's not something I'd go for to be honest. I need to have full tinker access :) Most of my servers now have a bunch of custom docker scripts. But it looks good I have to say.

I think I'll roll this out in a VM on my homelab just to play with it and get some ideas.

PS: One thing that's notably missing in their app store is headscale, the only have the official Tailscale service client.
by alextingle | 2025-12-16 09:33:09+00:00
The best thing about using watercourses as your heat source for heat-pumps - the water flow naturally takes away your "colder" output and brings you more "warmer".

Ground source heat pumps are limited because the ground they have chilled stays stubbornly in the same place, so the only way you can extract more heat from it is to make it even colder, which gets less efficient. Watercourses don;t have that problem.
by devnull3 | 2025-12-16 09:34:49+00:00
I had written this on SM sometime back. I realized it is applicable to other nations as well and not just Brits (like French)

-------------

UK's situation is akin to someone who used to be rich and but that wealth has been steadily eroded. But that person still insists on having the same standard of living.

There is a generation of Brits who do not know what true sustained shortage is or what rationing is. They have never experienced blackouts or lawlessness. (What is being experienced right now is just a trailer)

So there are only two options really:

1. Insist on maintaining the standard of living

2. Willfully accept to lower the standard of living

Brits want (1) but the govt doesn't have the money and yet they don't want to pay for it.

This results into govt looking for every opportunity to tax. This results into passionate discussions on whether this is fair or not.

These debates even though understandable at times loses the sight of fact that this is a result of choice (1).

As for taxes, the govt will squeeze anything which resembles a pot of money which was untouched so far. Also the expenses (due to choosing (1)) are going to rise every year.

What will be left for the govt to tax next year or 5 years from now? The govt will run out of things to tax eventually. This is clearly not sustainable.

I think also the law of averages is catching up with Brits i.e. after so many generations (since the colonial era) there will be come a few generations which will be worse off.

__What is the way forward?__

This is not a solution to the problems but to accept the hard reality that there are going to be few generations of people who will have to make peace with a lower standard of living, work hard without getting much in return, so that their grand children will enjoy a much better life.

In other words, the current generation (and maybe next) has to swallow the hard pill.

These sacrifices on families come in multiple forms like:

1. Low wages, increased work hours

2. Prepare to go abroad for work to earn a little extra, just like skilled migrants from less developed countries do.

3. Make the best with what you have

4. Living within means.

5. Become less materialistic

6. Prepared to do work which Brits did not like and passed on to the immigrants

7. Pay for healthcare

8. Substantial reduction in benefit amounts.

9. Everyone in family has to work

(This does not talk about what govt should do, which should be a different post)
by supermatt | 2025-12-16 09:35:59+00:00
The problem is that (to use the comparisons given in the article) Nostr is a statically peered superpeer.

All the "downsides" of a superpeer (as the article says - "centralisation with extra steps") but without the benefit of dynamic peering thereby resulting in incomplete routing.

i.e. by its nature Nostr results in a fragmented network, which ends up looking very much like the federated network, albeit more interconnected.

Thats not necessarily a bad thing, but its a bit of a confused article, IMHO.
by zdkaster | 2025-12-16 09:36:40+00:00
If you have experienced in racing, motocycle racing in particular, you can relate this message very well. Trying too hard can really reduce performance or laptime, similar to run the marathon. You have to feel very relax to get better result. And, feeling relax in death-pace or very risky situation like racing is something you need to work on overtime. The appropriate amount of effort is the key.
by theodric | 2025-12-16 09:36:57+00:00
I'd love to try this, but (tangential) have they fixed their screen issues? I sent back three Kobo Elipsa 2E units in a row before just getting my money back due to bright point spots on the lit-up screen, which are reportedly caused by dust caught between layers during assembly. It's a bit disappointing to spend over €400 on a device several times and discover that the manufacturer apparently can't even bother assembling them in a clean room to avoid messing up the primary feature of the device.
by willvarfar | 2025-12-16 09:37:20+00:00
In the nordics we love heat-pumps! Something like 70% of houses are heated by heat-pumps, and 90% of apartment buildings are heated by district heating and that is often generated by huge heatpumps.

Apparently 95% of new heating installations in Swedish houses are heat-pumps these days: https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC1...

Heatpumps have been heating nordic homes for decades. Even in the countryside where many houses have small woodland attached, people I know have moved to heatpumps for convenience and because its affordable.

PS: shoutout to to the JRC, found their reports when doing a super quick dig for stats. Those reports were super easy to read :D
by hermanzegerman | 2025-12-16 09:37:31+00:00
I know that's what you hear and read on Fox News and other "News Sources" daily. But here in Germany, there are no "death panels" or long waiting times for cancer treatment.

Also we don't need "pre-auth" and other Bullshit before we start standard treatments.

The real death panels are sitting in your Insurance Companies Offices as seen by the news coverage around United Healthcare et al lately
by stared | 2025-12-16 09:39:02+00:00
On the contrary, I think that well-designed general-purpose languages beat domain-specific languages. Even in the example given, in NumPy you can use np.array, but to make a fair comparison, use np.matrix.

import numpy as np X = np.matrix([1, 2, 3]) Y = np.matrix([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]) Z = Y * X.T W = np.hstack([Z, Z])

That way, we can extend our languages. If np.matrix is "too many keystrokes", it can be imported as M, or similar.

X.T is as readable as X' - but on top of that, also extensible. If we want to add other operations, we can do so. Especially since transpose is a very limited operation: it only makes sense for vectors and matrices. In much of numerics (quantum physics, deep learning, etc.), we often work with tensors. For example, within matrix notation, I would expect [Z, Z] to create a tensor, not concatenate matrices.

To make it clear, I agree with the main premise that it is important to make math readable, and thus easy to read and debug. Otherwise, it is one of the worst places for errors (numbers in, numbers out).

When it comes to matrix notation, I prefer PyTorch over NumPy, as it makes it easy to go from math on a whiteboard to executable code (see https://github.com/stared/thinking-in-tensors-writing-in-pyt...).

Also, for rather advanced custom numerics in quantum computing, I used Rust. To my surprise, not only was it fast, but thanks to macros, it was also succinct.
by alias_neo | 2025-12-16 09:39:27+00:00
Can also confirm, I have used the config modification to sync my Kobo Forma with Calibre Web since new.

A quick config change to the store URL to point to Calibre Web, and some setup in Calibre Web and you're good to go.

This is the guide I followed: https://brandonjkessler.com/technology/2021/04/26/setup-kobo...
by throwaway198846 | 2025-12-16 09:39:50+00:00
The vast majority of fraud have noting to do with Israel wage theft is enormous everywhere and have nothing to do with Israel, the biggest fraudsters in history (mostly scams on USA investors like Theranos and 2008 crisis) according to quick Google have nothing to do with Israel. The obvious attempts to mafacture a negative image couldn't be more obvious.
by ithkuil | 2025-12-16 09:40:21+00:00
There is a large region of the upper atmosphere called the thermosphere where there is still a little bit of air. The pressure is extremely low but the few molecules that are there are bombarded by intense radiation and thus reach pretty high temperatures, even 2000 C!

But since there are so few such molecules in any cubic meter, there isn't much energy in them. So if you put an object in such a rarefied atmosphere. It wouldn't get heated up by it despite such a gas formally having such a temperature.

The gas would be cooled down upon contact with the body and the body would be heated up by a negligible amount
by georgefrowny | 2025-12-16 09:41:22+00:00
The opposite effect is also why thermal stations (including but not only nuclear) are usually on the coast or near large rivers: you can dump a lot of water heat into water and have it carried away.

Not always good for the local ecosystem without mitigation, but at least one Japanese reactor allowed local colonisation by tropical fish and local legend said the same about Sizewell.

Sizewell C claims to plan recover waste heat and use it for carbon capture somehow, about which all I can say is a big old hmmmmm.
by disgruntledphd2 | 2025-12-16 09:41:57+00:00
> ARR

This is not a "real" (i.e. GAAP or accounting standards) metric, so that would seem like a bad idea.

The trouble is that lots of even the accounting metrics are gameable, but a comptent auditor(s) probably won't let the metric divulge too much from "reality" (i.e. conformance with accounting standards).
by shelled | 2025-12-16 09:42:38+00:00
SoundCloud once messed up a huge song import - hundreds (as in more than 9 hundreds). There was no way to batch clean/edit, or even clear/nuke (i.e delete everything). Support refused to help. They clearly said they "won't" do it and they helpfully asked me to do it one by one because that was the way users were supposed to do it. I kept requesting that they could just delete everything and I would set up everything again because at that point my profile looked all garbage and noise. They refused and stopped responding. I found a CxO email and mailed seeking help. I never received a reply. A few days later, I just deleted that really old account. I used to use the site very regularly since the beginning. But after that, they never even came to my mind until I saw this here on HN.
by delaminator | 2025-12-16 09:43:15+00:00
To an LLM all coding it does is vibe coding.

In this case you’re asking it a closed question with a {yes, no, maybe} answer set.

It tries its hardest to give you more than that.

You’re asking a machine to have an opinion. If someone asked you that question, what would your answer be?

Think about your goals and state them more clearly.

“What are the pros and cons of …”
by pjc50 | 2025-12-16 09:43:16+00:00
> You cannot censor Nostr.

A government could make it illegal to run or connect to nodes. It could DPI traffic in and out of the country, and block known nostr relays. Or it could just mandate that smartphone manufacturers block it, which would take out a large fraction of potential users.

(How does nostr avoid hosting known CSAM? Because that is the one thing that law enforcement will definitely come after)
by sdoering | 2025-12-16 09:43:20+00:00
Thanks. I never understood why intelligent people, comparing for example the German to the US system can even blink and decide that the German system doesn’t work.

Yes, there is quite a bit to improve in the German system. No doubt there. But if I compare it to the abysmal situation in the richest country on this planet, I am left standing awestruck asking myself why. I really, genuinely cannot wrap my head around.
by homebrewer | 2025-12-16 09:43:36+00:00
This may very well be caused by my incompetence, but Sentry's docker-compose setup has never survived for more than a few months under my control. Something always destroys itself without an obvious reason sooner or later, and either refuses to start, or starts and doesn't really work. I tried updating it regularly, tried never updating it, getting the same treatment either way.
by watwut | 2025-12-16 09:43:40+00:00
> I never understood people who say their English writing is "bullshitting". Oh you read the book and offered a plausible interpretation? That sounds to me like learning and creating.

It was bullshitting, because it was not even an attempt at a good analysis of what the author actually wrote or meant to write. I know for a fact that I was not trying to analyze the book. When I am actually trying to analyze a text, I think about it differently and treat it differently.

The thought process was closer to what I do when I am joking around, it is just that result was put into formal language.

It was a bit like a debate club - you know you are having sleazy untrue argument, but it is being rewarded, so.

> That sounds to me like learning and creating.

I dont think I learned much or anything about literature. I did created something. I learned something that, imo, schools should teach less - generate BS on command.
by Traubenfuchs | 2025-12-16 09:43:47+00:00
I wish there was an archive of all those melty dreamscapes.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=DgPaCWJL7XI&t=1s&pp=2AEBkAIB0g...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0oSKFUnEXc
by oblio | 2025-12-16 09:44:44+00:00
Thank you for the tool suggestion, it sounds great, I'll take a look!

At this point I was thinking about setting up https://opencode.ai/ - I think Claude Pro (aka $20 per month) allows it?

I don't want API access (I think), because that's priced per actual usage and I want a capped subscription cost, and I'm fairly sure OpenCode needs API access.

I really want to use the official clients but they're just SO bad.

Which, if you think about it, is the perfect anti-advertisement for AI coding. If the prestige AI shops can't create almost perfect clients for their own tools, then how good really is AI for coding???
by disgruntledphd2 | 2025-12-16 09:44:49+00:00
> In the end, both of these had to revert switching to AGPL licenses.

AGPL seems like the most battle tested solution here, though.

You'd need a CLA from day 1, but if you have that then you can sell commercial licenses to people who won't meet the criteria for the real license.

So I think it's important to differentiate between open source and free software, here.
by unsungNovelty | 2025-12-16 09:47:15+00:00
> Given oligopoly cloud corps are the biggest exploiters of OSS

Not exploiters unless they are breaching OSS licenses. Why do you think Cursor exists? The forked and made VS code their own. Why is it exploiting when Amazon or MS is doing the same? Am nowhere close a fan of these corps but we need to be very clear when throwing words around like exploiters.

All the LLMs are probably breaching the OSS license though. We don't care about that cos we need it. How can we complain about something we use daily eh?
by eXpl0it3r | 2025-12-16 09:47:23+00:00
That's already what is happening...

When you do a check on https://haveibeenpwned.com/Passwords nothing is sent to the server. Instead the password is hashed locally and a list of the hash range is downloaded, which contains all the hashes and the number of occurrences.

The server doesn't receive the password, neither in plain-text nor hash form.
by unionpivo | 2025-12-16 09:47:39+00:00
In a lot of smaller cars, you can fold down back row.

And if you are ok, with having trunk open, and tied down, you can transport fridges (I used reno clio, that is slightly bigger). Done that myself (not two door wide ones, one door fridge).

That's said I just found out you can hire van for 35EUR 20min away from where I live, so nowdays I just do that.