MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by materials4028 | 2025-12-15 23:34:48+00:00
> much larger than the number of junior faculty positions generally available

Expanding on this a bit, insight credited to bonoboTP: in a steady state the number of junior faculty positions will only open up at the same rate as current faculty retires. But each faculty member is expected to train dozens of students that are all in principle qualified for such jobs. Therefore, the vast majority, let's say 95%, of PhD graduates have to take industry jobs, there is no way around it. But this does not seem to be the goal of the 95%, hence the incredibly tight job market. Returning to their home country for a faculty job acts as another release valve, but sooner or later those will be filled as well, except in countries in the rapidly expanding phase in terms of university education.

The tenure system is incredibly broken as a result. Ideally, I think there needs to be more non-faculty careers available for PhD graduates either outside or inside academia. After all, there is clearly some value in the work a PhD student does, otherwise they would not be paid. Perhaps we can have public or semi-public research institutions that hire these scientists for actual development. Most likely this will require an upstream incentive change so that grants are awarded to these newly minted organizations.

Universities charge a large overhead in part to cover the "tuition" for the PhD students, which is really a meaningless number since it's taken out of the same check they give you the remainder of. If we just strip out this part and give most of it to the scientist, economically it should be a viable salary.
by PunchyHamster | 2025-12-15 23:34:55+00:00
The whole thing is very silly security wise anyway.

Okay, so you cert leaked. Will having it leaked for 1.5 months be substantially less dangerous than 90 days? Nope, you're fucked from the day one, it's still massively worse than "a browser asynchronously checks whether site's cert has been revoked"
by MostlyStable | 2025-12-15 23:35:16+00:00
If the culture normalized such that a much larger proportion of research was conducted by permanent, non-faculty, research employees, this would both reduce the need for so many students and increase the jobs available for students, and create a new employment niche with a different balance of teaching/administration/research. It would basically be turning "post doc" into an actual career rather than a stop over.

This would be better for everyone involved, at the admitted cost of being quite a bit more expensive. My guess is that the market would naturally converge on this equilibrium if the information of job placement rates on a per-program (or even per lab/advisor) were more readily available.
by mcswell | 2025-12-15 23:35:34+00:00
I've seen this in a few places, but it's rare because of all the energy (heat loss and energy required to drive the circulation) that gets used up when the water is recirculating but nobody is using it--which is most of the time.

I was recently in Iceland, and since a lot of heat is geothermal, recirc would probably make sense, but I can't remember having it. Maybe it's the pumping cost? Although natural convection driven by the difference in density between hot and cold water might make up for at least part of that.
by didgetmaster | 2025-12-15 23:36:11+00:00
The open source world is littered with all kinds of specialized licenses that came about because a developer once said "Here is my source code. Do anything you like with it! ... wait! Except for that!".

I don't know if there is, but I wouldn't be surprised if there is a license available that restricts you from porting the code to MS Windows or any other proprietary OS.
by Thugonerd | 2025-12-15 23:36:24+00:00
Free Zero-Bullshit Protocol™ – generic version that already kills 90 %+ of Cursor hallucinations. Paste into cursorrules.mdc → lies stop in 30 seconds. Full 2.0 with backups/rollback: https://gracefultc.gumroad.com/l/[your-2.0-link] Free generic: https://gracefultc.gumroad.com/l/ioqmts
by m463 | 2025-12-15 23:36:33+00:00
I don't have dyslexia, but I think reading apps could help with all this stuff, and it would help others too.

Basically allowing advanced typography could help so many people with visual problems.

for example, allow adjustment of:

- spacing between characters

- spacing between words

- spacing between lines (giant spaces might help you)

- sizes of margins/gutters (whitespace that defines column width/height)

- more character color and background choices (night mode helps me)

- your own fonts

When amazon stopped allowing download of kindle books, I couldn't convert to epub and my reading took a nosedive. I use the kindle app for reading now and it is very limited in adjustability which makes reading harder for me.
by benjiro | 2025-12-15 23:36:44+00:00
Tons of information for research, hackers, you name it ... It shows a history of domains, you can find hidden subdomains, still active, revoked etc ...

Do not forget that we had insane long certificates not that long ago.

The main issue is that currently you can not easily revoke certs, so your almost forced to keep a history of certs, and when one has been revoked in the CT logs.

In theory, if everybody is forced to change certs every 47 days, sure, you can invalidated them and permanently remove them. But it requires a ton of automatization on the user side. There is still way too much software that relies on a single year or multi year certificated that is manually added to it. Its also why the fadeout to 47 days, is over a 4 year time periode.

And it still does not change the massive increased in requests to check validation, that hits CT logs providers.
by itishappy | 2025-12-15 23:36:46+00:00
> Church ends up defining zero as the identity function

Zero is not the identity function. Zero takes a function and calls it zero times on a second function. The end result of this is that it returns the identity function. In Haskell it would be `const id` instead of `id`.

zero := λf.λx.x one := λf.λx.fx two := λf.λx.ffx id := λx.x

I suspect that this minor misconception may lead you to an answer to your original question!

Why isn't the identity function zero? Given that everything in lambda calculus is a function, and the identity function is the simplest function possible, it would make sense to at least try!

If you try, I suspect you'll quickly find that it starts to break down, particularly when you start trying to treat your numerals as functions (which is, after all, their intended purpose).

Church numerals are a minimal encoding. They are as simple as it possibly gets. This may not speak to Church's exact thought process, but I think it does highlight that there exists a clear process that anyone might follow in order to get Church's results. In other words, I suspect that his discover was largely mechanical, rather than a moment of particularly deep insight. (And I don't think this detracts from Church's brilliance at all!)
by Anon1096 | 2025-12-15 23:37:03+00:00
The interpretation is very off. You are way too focused on whether the first sentence is quote accurately. But

>Clearly, people did it for a long time, no problem.

In fact means Altman thinks the exact opposite of "he didn't know how anyone could raise a baby without using a chatbot" - what he means is that while it's not imaginable, people make do anyway, so clearly it very much is possible to raise kids without chatgpt.

What the gp did is the equivalent of someone saying "I don't believe this, but XYZ" and quoting them as simply saying they believe XYZ. People are eating it up though because it's a dig at someone they don't like.
by toast0 | 2025-12-15 23:37:16+00:00
> Again, native me thought, "Why not have both Coke and Pepsi and let the customer decide?" I am not sure whether there was a pricing issue that prevented management from buying both—like the loss of a discount for going Coke-only or whatever.

There's a bunch of pricing stuff (typically the bottler sells syrup and rents dispensers and may supply drinkware, and you get discounts on everything when you buy more syrup, and you get advertising subsidies when you put the brand logo in your ad, etc), but there's also logistics. More options means a bigger soda fountain and probably more space storing syrup.

I'm not sure I've ever seen mixed brands in a single dispenser (other than 7up+DrPepper which is bottled regionally by Coke bottlers in some regions and Pepsi bottlers in others; so you might see Coke with 7up and DrPepper or with Sprite and MrPibb). But, rarely, I've seen dispensers from both. Mostly at convenience stores and also the Yahoo employee cafeteria at the Sunnyvale HQ on First Ave (which they left some time ago). Some restaurants that don't have a fountain will stock cans from multiple brands, too.

All that said, from my life experience, very few people express a strong preference, giving customers a choice probably isn't worth the effort.
by rolandr | 2025-12-15 23:37:21+00:00
"Using newly-assembled data from 1980 through 2024, we show that 25% of scientifically-active, US-trained STEM PhD graduates leave the US within 15 years of graduating."

I believe there will be a significant "discontinuity" in the data beginning in 2025. Likely along the lines of (1) US-born science majors going abroad for their PhD's (and likely staying there afterwards), and (2) a major decline in foreign students coming to the US. Blocking disbursement of ongoing grants, immediate and dramatic slashing funding for the sciences, holding up universities under pain of blocking federal funding, eliminating fellowships, firing government scientists, stuffing agencies and commissions with politically appointed yes men, having oaths of fealty in all but name, deporting and blocking return of foreign students, and many more actions of similar character tend to fo that.

One of the greatest national scientific establishments was irreparably damaged in a matter of months. No discussion, no process -- just pulling the rug out. The US will coast for a few years on the technologies that just popped out of the university pipeline of development, but that pipeline is now essentially broken.
by Saline9515 | 2025-12-15 23:37:55+00:00
No, mopping is not for dust, but rather for sweaty/greasy/sticky matter that accumulates and can't be recovered by vacuuming. This is why proper cleaning is vacuuming + mopping, and it was like this before the invention of the cleaning robot.

You can also mix a non-foaming detergent with the distilled water to have an even more thorough cleaning (or just ask the robot to pass more than once). Robot mops are typically rougher to compensate for the lack of detergent, though.

It's the same for professional car cleaning - it's done with distilled water. If what you said was true, it would be impossible to clean cars as they are much more polished than tiles.
by alephnerd | 2025-12-15 23:38:04+00:00
On top of that, it is a significant reverse brain drain. Like 20-25 years ago you'd be hard pressed to find tenure track CS faculty at most America programs let alone a major program lime Cal or UIUC consider returning to a program like Shanghai Jiao Tong or IIT Bombay compared to today.

It has upskilled academia in those countries, but we also lost talent who could have remained here.
by harrall | 2025-12-15 23:38:12+00:00
Reminds me of when I first tried to learn guitar. I tried doing fingering practices. It was so boring. I gave up after like a week.

I thought that playing music just wasn’t for me.

Many years later, I picked up a friend’s guitar next to me and just tried to play one of my favorite songs just by ear. I got enough right that it was fun and I got hooked.
by phantasmish | 2025-12-15 23:38:21+00:00
Most people have very little idea how anything works. Especially in the government, but it’s fairly true in general.

Something like half of US adults don’t know how marginal income tax rates work, which is one of the very most-relevant-to-them-personally things for them to know about the federal government. The loudest ordinary citizens complaining about foreign aid or the estate (“death”, as republicans rebranded it on strategist advice) tax can’t tell you a halfway accurate thing about either, they’re just repeating what they heard, or some assumption they made (“well if [talking head] is complaining about it this much it must be really bad!”)

This doesn’t get better for any other program or tax or whatever that you can think of. Folks have no idea how anything works and the media figures and politicians they trust lie to them constantly, and are rewarded for it.
by baasilali | 2025-12-15 23:38:30+00:00
Instead of implementing separate VMs for each language, GraalVM + Truffle work as an abstract framework for high-performance language implementation. Languages are "dialects" (Truffle AST interpreters) into a shared optimizing compiler backend (Graal).

Most runtimes optimize one language. We optimized across language boundaries.

- Import Python modules from TypeScript - The JIT compiler inlines across language borders - Unified garbage collection across languages - Type information flows between languages
by bitwize | 2025-12-15 23:38:35+00:00
I'm trying a distro with Connman instead of NetworkMangler. It's the same deal. I could not for the life of me get it to connect or even see my cellphone's wifi tethering hotspot.

I shutdown the connman service and removed it from the auto startup sequence. I manually edited frickin' wpa_supplicant.conf to put my cellphone network there. Worked first time and every time thereafter.

The founding document of GNOME is called "Let's Make Unix Not Suck" by which the authors (primarily Miguel de Icaza) meant "Let's Make Unix Almost Exactly Like Windows". D-Bus is just the latest in a series of attempts to bring Microsoft's janky, kind of an object model to the realm of Unix's small do-one-thing C programs plumbed together with file descriptors, pipes, and network sockets. Except somehow, they added even more problems on top of the ones COM already had!

At least when Steve Jobs tried to retrofit Smalltalk style OOP onto the Unix model, he had the foresight to bring much of Smalltalk (in the form of Objective-C) along with.
by brotchie | 2025-12-15 23:39:14+00:00
Did a similar back-of-the-napkin and got 5x $ / MW of orbital vs. terrestrial. This article's analysis is ~3.4x.

I do wonder, at what factor of orbital to terrestrial cost factor it becomes worthwhile.

The greater the terrestrial lead time, red tape, permitting, regulations on Earth, the higher the orbital-to-terrestrial factor that's acceptable.

A lights-out automated production line pumping out GPU satellites into a daily Starship launch feels "cleaner" from an end-to-end automation perspective vs years long land acquisition, planning and environment approvals, construction.

More expensive, for sure, but feels way more copy-paste the factory, "linearly scalable" than physical construction.
by finbarr1987 | 2025-12-15 23:39:32+00:00
Thanks for digging in ;) We just released RunMat in August as an open-source, fast MATLAB runtime. The goal is to make it the fastest way to run math, period.

Coming from Octave, you'll notice significant speedup advantages, you can see some of our benchmarks with it here https://runmat.org/blog/introducing-runmat

Last month, we put out 250+ built-in functions and Accelerate, which fuses operations and routes between CPU/GPU without any extra code/memory management, i.e. no GPUarray.

We're still flushing out the plotting function, but we'll have updates to share around that and a browser version very soon.
by bflesch | 2025-12-15 23:39:51+00:00
I feel projects like nostr ignore inherent human requirements for social networks. This is a striking quote from their landing page:

"Nostr doesn't subscribe to political ideals of "free speech" — it simply recognizes that different people have different morals and preferences and each server, being privately owned, can follow their own criteria for rejecting content as they please and users are free to choose what to read and from where."

Their statement underlines the fact that nostr is a stream of dirty sewage and they want users to submit their valuable user-created content into this sewage. Then they turn around and say that the sewage is not a problem because you can filter it and even use it as drinking water later on!

I don't see how a person with real-life social rank and social capital will sign up to something like this, or be willing to maintain a technical interface to the "stream of different morals".

You'd need to put immense trust into the "filtering" process so that you are not involuntarily exposed to rubbish. And on the other hand your valuable user-generated content could be showing up in another context with your name attached, directly next to some extremely degenerate trash created by "people with different morals" as nostr calls it. Advertisers have big problems when their brands are advertised next to problematic topics, it is the same with people.

How can you rationalize this as a good value proposition? People want to impress an audience with their user-generated content. And you only want to impress someone you look up to.

If I could sign up to a social network of people who can put a nail into the wall, take a daily shower, brush their teeth, and live in a democratic country I would immediately do so. If I want to get exposed to "different morals" I just open any of the other existing social networks. Until then I'm stuck here :P
by jonhohle | 2025-12-15 23:40:09+00:00
Not an different algorithm, but around 15 years ago I looked at the JDK’s hashmap implementation and saw it was doing a loop to calculate the next highest power of two (after some multiplier) to determine the table capacity.

For fun, I swapped it for a bitwise calculation from Hacker’s Delight. It benchmarked surprisingly well, multiple percent improvement at various map sizes (even after JIT warmup). Swapping a 3 line loop for a one line bit twiddle wasn’t the most beautiful change, but I was surprised I could beat the original with such a trivial change. It also made me wonder why it hadn’t already been done.

I didn’t have any interest in trying to push it back upstream, but it was a fun to do.
by cmgbhm | 2025-12-15 23:40:15+00:00
Doing like an 8xh200 server (https://docs.nvidia.com/dgx/dgxh100-user-guide/introduction-...) is 10.2kW.

Let’s say you need 50m^2 solar panels to run it, then just a ton of surface area to dissipate. I’d love to be proven wrong but space data centers just seem like large 2d impact targets.
by j7ake | 2025-12-15 23:40:25+00:00
Your suggestion would have fewer fresh eyes to look at the problem. If the scientific enterprise were just about churning out widgets, then yes it’s better to have permanent staff.

But having a strong training pipeline for the globe is a huge plus for US prestige, and the top people are still offered jobs as faculty or industry within the country, so it still a net gain for USA. But it’s brutally competitive for the individual scientists
by AndrewKemendo | 2025-12-15 23:40:32+00:00
My dude I spied on the Chinese for a decade I know more about the Chinese than you’ll ever understand

Let me be clear, the Han don’t care about anybody but the Han that’s a fact. What they do to Tibetans, Uighurs and Muslims is horrible and those repressions shouldn’t exist.

However they pale and comparison into the historical horrific conditions of nonstop genocide from 1650 more or less until present day if you include the global war on terror and the modern prisoner slave market encoded into the constitution (13th amendment)

If you wanna go all the way back to the cultural revolution then absolutely fine but my argument there is going to be that’s no different than any of the culls that the United States or any other country have done. So they don’t get a pass but they aren’t worse

Ultimately all you have to do is put up the “death toll” from state action both inside the nation and outside the nation to compare numbers. I’ll let you go ahead and do that exercise.

No that the communist party has only ruled in China for less than 100 years but the same structure in America which has been completely depraved since the founders of the country were alive and actively shaping the politics of the US is coming up on 350 years ago.

I mean for Christ sake we bought the southern United States from France in order to maintain our slave plantations as the French were getting rid of all their slave holdings worldwide. And then after the Civil War which was supposed to solve that ethical burden they completely gutted the entire process of reconstruction in order to prevent the full completion of it because the population was so racist they did not want to do it. As a black person in America I will tell you the slave population in jails is higher than it ever was anywhere else.

If that’s not a disqualification on its own of any type of ethical foundations I don’t know what is.
by knowtheory | 2025-12-15 23:40:42+00:00
I wouldn't write ATProto off as just microblogging, there are a bunch of interesting (and exciting depending on your POV) apps out there that _aren't_ microblogging apps. To name a few:

* https://stream.place

* https://tangled.org

* https://www.germnetwork.com/

* https://slices.network/

* https://smokesignal.events/

* https://www.graze.social/
by viccis | 2025-12-15 23:41:10+00:00
>Israel did not exist in 1947.

Doing the pushes up glasses "Ahem well ackshully it was Mandatory Palestine" shtick doesn't really give your terrorism apologia narrative any more legitimacy.

>First-hand evidence would be a Secret Service or FBI file with a case number, a White House mailroom log, the device itself, lab reports, arrests, indictments, or any archival record from the time tying a specific package to a specific group

Which would certainly be classified.

Frankly, this is all just a diversion. Classic Z tactic. I really don't care if someone believes that (the future) Israel's paramilitary terrorists, out of their extensive mailbombing campaign against Western politicians, did or didn't target one specific person. It's really tangential to my point that Israel is a terror state that was born of a campaign of death and atrocities against not only the original inhabitants of the land they stole, but also against Western victims whose only crime was not helping the genocidal Zionist project enthusiastically enough.
by seanmcdirmid | 2025-12-15 23:41:15+00:00
It is it really our talent though? The US has been so addicted to China and India for STEM talent for so long that...what did they expect was going to happen? And the effect is much more prominent for China than India: China has a lot of money to dump into modernizing while India is still a relatively poor country. Imagine what will happen when India gets richer as well?
by PunchyHamster | 2025-12-15 23:41:28+00:00
if you renew 7 days before cert ends, it would need to be down for entire week in worst case so it' far less bad in general.

Hell, you can still set it to renew when cert still have month left.

I'm more worried that the clowns at the helm will push into something stupid like week or 3 days, "coz it improves security in some theoretical case"