MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by AnthonyMouse | 2025-12-04 06:08:10+00:00
Apple puts the RAM in the chip package because they integrate the GPU, and then they want to be able to have multiple channels to feed the GPU without having that many slots. (Their entry level models also don't have any more memory bandwidth than normal PC laptops and there is no real reason they couldn't use a pair of SODIMMs.)

But low end iGPUs don't need a lot of memory bandwidth (again witness Apple's entry level CPUs) and integrating high end GPUs makes you thermally limited. There is a reason that Apple's fastest (integrated) GPUs are slower than Nvidia and AMD's fastest consumer discrete GPUs.

And even if you are going to integrate all the memory, as might be more justifiable if you're using HBM or GDDR, that only makes it easier to not integrate the CPU itself. Because now your socket needs fewer pins since you're not running memory channels through it.

Alternatively, there is some value in doing both. Suppose you have a consumer CPU socket with the usual pair of memory channels through it. Now the entry level CPU uses that for its memory. The midrange CPU has 8GB of HBM on the package and the high end one has 32GB, which it can use as the system's only RAM or as an L4 cache while the memory slots let you add more (less expensive, ordinary) RAM on top of that, all while using the same socket as the entry level CPU.

And let's apply some business logic to this: Who wants soldered RAM? Only the device OEMs, who want to save eleven cents worth of slots and, more importantly, overcharge for RAM and force you to buy a new device when all you want is a RAM upgrade. The consumer and, more than that, the memory manufacturers prefer slots, because they want you to be able to upgrade (i.e. to give them your money). So the only time you get soldered RAM is when either the device manufacturer has you by the short hairs (i.e. Apple if you want a Mac) or the consumers who aren't paying attention and accidentally buy a laptop with soldered RAM when their competitors are offering similar ones for similar prices but with upgradable slots.

So as usual, the thing preventing you from getting screwed is competition and that's what you need to preserve if you don't want to get screwed.
by keernan | 2025-12-04 06:09:01+00:00
Attorneys are ethically obligated to follow very stringent rules to protect their client's confidential information. Having been a practicing litigator for 40+ years, I can confidently state I came across very few attorneys who truly understood their obligations.

Things were easier when I first began practicing in the 1970s. There weren't too many ways confidential materials in our files could be compromised. Leaving my open file spread out on the conference room table while I went to lunch while attorneys arriving for a deposition on my partner's case were one by one seated into the conference room. That's the kind of thing we had to keep an eye on.

But things soon got complicated. Computers. Digital copies of files that didn't disappear into an external site for storage like physical files. Then email. What were our obligations to know what could - and could not - be intercepted while email traveled the internet.

Then most dangerous of all. Digital storage that was outside our physical domain. How could we now know if the cloud vendor had access to our confidential data? Where were the backups stored? How exactly was the data securely compartmentalized by a cloud vendor? Did we need our own IT experts to control the data located on the external cloud? What did the contracts with the cloud vendor say about the fact we were a law firm and that we, as the lawyers responsible for our clients confidential information, needed to know that they - the cloud vendor - understood the legal obligations and that they - the cloud vendor - would hire lawyers to oversee the manner in which the cloud vendor blocked all access to the legal data located on their own servers. And so on and so forth.

I'm no longer in active practice but these issues were a big part of my practice my last few years at a Fortune 500 insurance company that used in-house attorneys nationwide to represent insureds in litigation - and the corporation was in engaged in signing onto a cloud service to hold all of the corporate data - including the legal departments across all 50 states. It was a nightmare. I'm confident it still is.
by orkj | 2025-12-04 06:09:35+00:00
very interesting to read.

However, if I am reading this correctly, your PoC falls in the category described here: https://react2shell.com/

> Anything that requires the developer to have explicitly exposed dangerous functionality to the client is not a valid PoC. Common examples we've seen in supposed "PoCs" are vm#runInThisContext, child_process#exec, and fs#writeFile.

> This would only be exploitable if you had consciously chosen to let clients invoke these, which would be dangerous no matter what. The genuine vulnerability does not have this constraint. In Next.js, the list of server functions is managed for you, and does not contain these.

Context: This is from Lachlan Davidson, the reporter of the vulnerability
by 4mitkumar | 2025-12-04 06:11:48+00:00
Very interesting... with the marginal cost of basic software dev decreasing but distribution costs remaining high, I have been wondering how that changes software consumption (1).

I suppose this is one interesting pattern for that.

_1: (explored a bit here at https://world.hey.com/akumar/software-s-blog-era-2812c56c)_
by mips_avatar | 2025-12-04 06:12:04+00:00
I’m glad it resonated. I’ve found a lot of people in Microsoft have some shared struggles right now. It’s really hard get excited about jobs after that, but you only need one job to be the right fit. It sounds like you were working on some great stuff and you should keep pursuing that interest in the meantime. You never know where it might lead you.
by webnrrd2k | 2025-12-04 06:12:14+00:00
This explores the ideas behind your post: important things, like education and healthcare, have disproportionately risen in price while not-so-imortant thing have gotten less expensive.

https://www.yesigiveafig.com/p/part-1-my-life-is-a-lie

I don't exactly agree with the numbers, but I think the basic ideas are true
by NobodyNada | 2025-12-04 06:14:34+00:00
Let's throw this into godbolt: https://clang.godbolt.org/z/qW3qx13qT

is_divisible_by_6(int): test dil, 1 jne .LBB0_1 imul eax, edi, -1431655765 add eax, 715827882 cmp eax, 1431655765 setb al ret .LBB0_1: xor eax, eax ret is_divisible_by_6_optimal(int): imul eax, edi, -1431655765 add eax, 715827882 ror eax cmp eax, 715827883 setb al ret

By themselves, the mod 6 and mod 3 operations are almost identical -- in both cases the compiler used the reciprocal trick to transform the modulo into an imul+add+cmp, the only practical difference being that the %6 has one extra bit shift.

But note the branch in the first function! The original code uses the && operator, which is short-circuiting -- so from the compiler's perspective, perhaps the programmer expects that x % 2 will usually be false, and so we can skip the expensive 3 most of the time. The "suboptimal" version is potentially quite a bit faster in the best case, but also potentially quite a bit slower in the worst case (since that branch could be mispredicted). There's not really a way for the compiler to know which version is "better" without more context, so deferring to "what the programmer wrote" makes sense.

That being said, I don't know that this is really a case of "the compiler knows best" rather than just not having that kind of optimization implemented. If we write 'x % 6 && x % 3', the compiler pointlessly generates both operations. And GCC generates branchless code for 'is_divisible_by_6', which is just worse than 'is_divisible_by_6_optimal' in all cases.
by zozbot234 | 2025-12-04 06:15:25+00:00
They should get back into the Optane business first. Take the existing Optane memory to a modern PCIe 5 bus, and it will be competitive with lots of uses for DRAM. PCIe 5 gives you basically DDR4-like transfer bandwidth, and the Optane media has better latency and far better DWPD endurance than existing NAND SSD's. It's a total no-brainer.
by ejoso | 2025-12-04 06:17:28+00:00
In some cities. I happen to be from one of them. Now I live in a far bigger city (Los Angeles) and the closest Microcenter is 2 hours away. Worse with traffic on a Tuesday afternoon. They’re only in a handful of states, sadly. There are not many places that offer a reasonable selection of boards that are close. Fry’s was the last bastion for many folks. Best Buy sometimes has a few options. But today is a far cry from the days of Circuit City, Computer City, CompUSA, RadioShack… not to mention dozens of mom & pop stores. Online is the main way nowadays.
by petterroea | 2025-12-04 06:18:01+00:00
Basically everyone I know in engineering share this resentment in some way, and the AI industry has itself to blame.

People are fed up and burned out from being forced to try useless AI tools by non-technical leaders who do not understand how LLM works nor understand how they suck, and now resent anything related to AI. But for AI companies there is a perverse incentive to push AI on people until it finally works, because the winner of the AI arms race won't be the company that waits until they have a perfect, polished product.

I have myself had "fun" trying to discuss LLMs with non technical people, and met a complete wall trying to explain why LLMs aren't useful for programming - at least not yet. I argue the code is often of low quality, very unmaintainable, and usually not useful outside quick experimentation. They refuse to believe it, even though they do hit a wall with their vibe-coded project after a few months when claude stops generating miracles any more - they lack the experience with code to understand they are hitting maintainability issues. Combine that with how every "wow!" LLM example is actually just the LLM regurgitating a very common thing to write tutorials about, and people tend to over-estimate its abilities.

I use claude multiple times a week because even though LLM-generated code is trash I am open to try new tools, but my general experience is that Claude is unable to do anything well that I can't have my non-technical partner do. It has given me a sort of superiority complex where I immediately disregard the opinion of any developer who thinks its a wondertool, because clearly they don't have high standards for the work they were already doing.

I think most developers with any skill to their name agree. Looking at how Microsoft developers are handling the forced AI, they do seem desperate: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44050152 even though they respond with the most "cope" answers I've ever read when confronted about how poorly it is going.
by defcc | 2025-12-04 06:20:21+00:00
Thanks! Glad you liked it.

Yep, it’s responsive — though the layout gets a bit tight on very small screens, so I’ll tweak that later.

About the “list above or below” part — what kind of list were you thinking of? Like a separate to-do list outside the calendar, or just more space for notes?

Curious to hear what you meant!
by chrismorgan | 2025-12-04 06:21:02+00:00
> their fiscal sponsorship program is enormous: https://hackclub.com/fiscal-sponsorship/directory/

Ouch, that is enormous. They forgot to handle images properly, so they’re serving ginormous images in inefficient formats instead of scaled thumbnails in efficient formats—just the first page transfers more than 40MB, and the second page is just as bad, and the third significantly worse. You get things like 11827×13107 “17230 Aluminium Falcons” logo being rendered at 64px high. (I’m surprised that one’s under 9MB.) Across pages 1–3, it’s averaging 1MB per item, which if it continues all the way to page 53 would exceed 2.5GB. Done properly, I’d expect most to be under 10KB, with a few up as high as 50KB, staying well under 1MB per page, and comfortably under 50MB for all 53 pages. It’d load faster and be cheaper to serve too.

(I know this isn’t what you meant, but it loaded so slowly that I looked, and that’s easily big enough to cause problems for some users.)
by lenkite | 2025-12-04 06:21:24+00:00
Yes, it is officially banned (along with Sputnik and other Russian media). It is sad that you don't know this as an EU citizen and think that formal directives of your union are Facebook and Twitter propaganda bots

"On 2 March 2022, the Council of the European Union adopted a measure suspending the broadcasting activities of RT (and another Russian outlet Sputnik) in the EU"

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022...

"Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine: Council bans broadcasting activities in the European Union of four more Russia-associated media outlets"

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024...
by retsibsi | 2025-12-04 06:21:44+00:00
They are wrong, though. Locks also stop people who would happily commit an opportunistic theft but who lack the necessary tools or skills, people who would trespass if they could retain some plausible deniability ("oops, I didn't see the signs" vs. "oops, I didn't realise I wasn't supposed to cut that padlock"), and so on.
by mike_d | 2025-12-04 06:22:44+00:00
This actually points the opposite direction, to doubling down on commercial GPUs.

NVIDIA recently told their board partners that they will need to source their own RAM and will not be bundling it with chips anymore.

If there is a supply crunch on DRAM, commercial GPU production lines will start having idle downtime. That is literally the worst possible thing that can happen to a company that has invested heavily in tooling and they will negotiate at or below cost production runs to fill the gaps if a customer can bring their own DRAM to the table.
by rand17 | 2025-12-04 06:22:52+00:00
You either die a hero or live long enough to see yourself become the villain. The amount of time I've spent debugging other PRs (and mine) around hooks is just unruly, then React turned its attention to the server, something that I (most of us? we?) never ever asked for; but I guess that's what Meta, a company of cancer needs. I sure don't need it. Never have I imagined during the last 15 years that I'll be happy to say I'm using the mountain of enterprise spaghetti called Angular, but now I am. For years I hoped I'll be able to get back to React projects one day; that hope is long gone.
by Xixi | 2025-12-04 06:22:54+00:00
There's a little known alternative: Steward-ownership [1]. It's the kind of structure used by Novo Nordisk, Bosch or Patagonia.

LLM summary: "Steward-ownership is a model where a company’s control stays with long-term stewards (founders, employees, or a mission-aligned foundation) while profits are limited and the company cannot be sold for private gain. The goal is to protect the mission permanently."

The key, if I understand properly, is that these company cannot be sold (not even by the founders), so there is no "shareholder value" per se to maximize. It is also probably not a good way for founders to maximize their net worth, which is probably why it's not more popular...

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steward-ownership
by stephenr | 2025-12-04 06:23:14+00:00
Oh good. Thank fuck that one of the dozens if not hundreds of terminal emulators isn't going to be a "rug pull".

It's a completely fucked situation when it happens to fairly unique/obscure software like say Terraform or Packer or Vagrant.

But if it happened to some software that's so common it's literally competing against built in apps on every desktop OS, I just don't know what I'd ever do

/s for anyone who needs it.
by renewiltord | 2025-12-04 06:23:17+00:00
Got real lucky. I was trying to negotiate a guy down on RAM. I wanted a server without as much RAM. In the end, I had to take the 768 GB. It only cost $1k more than 192 GB at the time. Unfortunately I can’t really sell off the excess because I need to substitute down the RAM modules to fill all 12. Ah well.
by AnthonyMouse | 2025-12-04 06:23:43+00:00
> They're not selling off the business, they're totally exiting it.

From what I understand, OpenAI just bought out a significant proportion of the capacity of Samsung and Hynix, which is the big reason prices just spiked. They're two of the three DRAM manufacturers, Micron being the third.

That gives us a good idea as to what Micron is doing here: They have contracts with their other customers to supply DRAM at whatever price they previously negotiated, but now prices are higher, and they don't have to honor supply contracts with Crucial because they own it. So they're taking all the supply that would have gone to Crucial and selling it to the high bidder instead.

Spinning off the brand in that context doesn't work, because then "Crucial" would need to come with supply contracts or they'd have no access to supply and have nothing to sell. Moreover, the supply constraint isn't likely to be permanent, and whenever prices come back down then Micron would still own the brand and could start selling under it again, which they couldn't if they sold it.
by kujta1 | 2025-12-04 06:23:56+00:00
SEEKING WORK | Computer Vision/Machine Learning Engineer | REMOTE |

I'm a Staff Machine Learning and Computer Vision expert with a PhD in Urban Scene Understanding and over 10 years of experience, currently focusing on object detection and classification from videos using Transformers and CNNs. With a background spanning academia, industry, and startup advising, I specialize in designing AI architectures for smart cities and outdoor scenes, autonomous systems, large-scale visual perception tasks, as well as applications in artworks and collectibles and building AI algorithms for non-destructive testing.

My expertise includes object detection, scene analysis, tracking, embeddings, visual image search, and optimizing inference pipelines for real-time and computationally cheap applications. I have extensive experience leading AI projects, mentoring teams, and collaborating with industry partners to bridge the gap between research and production.

Technologies: Python, PyTorch, TensorFlow, OpenCV, YOLO, Transformer models, Multi-GPU training, Azure ML, Docker, NLP, 3D Vision, Non-Destructive Testing, OCR, and AI-driven analytics.

CV: https://bit.ly/48Hegp8

Contact: kujtim.rahmani@gmail.com
by dr_dshiv | 2025-12-04 06:24:55+00:00
What if the snowflake nucleated around microbes in the air, as is common? [1] Would that be life-like enough, especially as the crystalline structure of the snowflake itself would reflect the microbe.

Or, what if the observer of the snowflake held the philosophical belief that we live in a single living universe, as did the ancient Stoics? [2]

It appears that we have at least two clear instances where preserved snowflakes can indeed be considered fossils.

[1] https://asm.org/articles/2019/january/snow-is-coming-whats-t...

[2] https://modernstoicism.com/modern-stoicism-expert-panel-post...
by petesergeant | 2025-12-04 06:25:26+00:00
> It's interesting that Amazon don't appear interested in acquiring Anthropic

1. Why buy the cow when you can get the milk for free?

2. Amazon doesn't appear interested in acquiring Anthropic _at its current valuation_. I would be surprised if it's not available for acquisition at 1/10th its current price in the next 3-5 years

AI isn't going anywhere, but "prop model + inference" is far from a proven business model.
Ask HN: Do you still think public blockchains/stablecoins are useless/a scam?
by spir | 2025-12-04 06:25:53+00:00
Two and a half years ago I submitted "Warn HN: I've never seen the HN community so delusional about a major tech area" https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35172767

Since then, many corporations, governments, Wall St, and central banks have begun adopting public blockchains, especially Ethereum, and stablecoins.

Hacker News has been almost 100% anti-crypto/public blockchains/stablecoins for years.

In light of recent progress, has your view changed?
by mikewarot | 2025-12-04 06:27:16+00:00
Yep... I've been at that same thought...[1]

The ionosphere can be modulated, which is what HAARP proved. Back when Tesla was doing stuff, a Gigawatt seemed like unlimited power, now... not so much.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27469542
by yumraj | 2025-12-04 06:28:00+00:00
> I've generally found an inverse correlation between "understands AI" and "exuberance for AI".

Few years ago I had this exact observation regarding self driving cars. Non/semi engineers who worked in the tech industry were very bullish about self driving cars, believing every and ETA spewed by Musk, engineers were cautious optimistically or pessimistically depending on their understanding of AI, LiDAR, etc.
by gjulianm | 2025-12-04 06:28:35+00:00
Again, learning notation is part of the process of learning math. No one is gatekeeping anything, at no point you need to do an exam or magically be aware of notation that you never saw. Every book and every class will define new notation at the beginning, in most cases they will do so even when there’s no new notation. I am not sure what your argument is.
by kragen | 2025-12-04 06:28:41+00:00
This is the right way to think about the problem if you're faced with the problem of what country to start an electric power company in. But it's not very helpful if you're faced with the problem of how to govern Pakistan, which is certainly not a hellhole but does suffer major corruption problems. The political interference, weak institutions, concentrated power, and official corruption are largely givens; you can work to change them incrementally, but you can't just import the government of Hong Kong. Even if you could, you couldn't convince investors that the reforms would stick this time, for real.

Perhaps, if you could obtain political power that you could retain stably for decades, you could make pretty big changes there, but only at the cost of further concentrating power, creating opportunities for even greater corruption profits for whoever can wrest power away from you. Nobody has ever held power for decades in Pakistan's history. Even Nawaz Sharif didn't make it to 10 years in power over his three (non-consecutive!) terms. If you simply liberalize economically without eliminating the confiscation risks that kill private investment, private investment will not magically materialize without the private investors, who are sensibly investing their savings in a 7-11 franchise in Cleveland, Ohio.

So, what can you, hypothetically governing the country, do under these constraints?

A proven strategy is public investment, like Airbus, like the military contracts that sustain Boeing, like the Hoover Dam, like the Rural Electrification Administration, like federally guaranteed student loans, like the interstate highway system, like Volkswagen, like Tupolev, like Rosatom, like Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado, like the Apollo Program, like Huawei, like Westinghouse's nuclear power division, like the ARPANet and NSFNet. Certainly the money won't be invested as wisely as if savvy entrepreneurs like Warren Buffett were directing it, and neither Warren Buffett nor Juan Perón is going to do a good job at investing in unforeseen innovations; but, even if most of that investment is wasted like Project Huemul, it can still dramatically augment the economic productivity of the country, under circumstances when private investment is unavailable. Often such productive capacity will eventually make the country more appealing to private investors, but that can take a long time.

In this situation, you aren't faced with the choice between state capitalism and regular capitalism. You're faced with the choice between state capitalism and no capitalism.

Thus, state-guaranteed loans to build power stations.