MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by salleisha | 2025-12-30 23:20:47+00:00
Hey Founder,

We just published a podcast with a CPA. We talk about:

Why startups still have to file taxes, even with $0 revenue

The $25,000 mistake founders make with Form 5472

Delaware franchise tax and why it trips people up

When filing an extension actually saves you

Just real things we see founders struggle with.

Watch it here: https://youtu.be/clNlkV0LGAE

Hope this helps!

TaxHero AI
by nosefrog | 2025-12-30 23:20:59+00:00
> At some point, you will have many teams. And one of them _will not_ be able to validate and accept some upgrade. Maybe a regression causes something only they use to break. Now the entire org is held hostage by the version needs of one team. Yes, this happens at slightly larger orgs. I've seen it many times.

The alternative of every service being on their own version of libraries and never updating is worse.
by jghn | 2025-12-30 23:21:00+00:00
Exactly. I've been a tech lead, have led large, cross-org projects, been an engineering manager, and similar roles. For years, when mentoring upcoming developers what I always to be the most challenging transition was the inflection point between "I deliver most of my value by coding" to "I deliver most of my value by empowering other people to deliver". I think that's what we're seeing here. People who have made this transition are already used to working this way. Both versions have their own quirks and challenges, but at a high level it abstracts.
by nurettin | 2025-12-30 23:21:25+00:00
The future of IT is going back to basics. People who know their karnough diagrams, their algorithm flow charts, memory models, state machines, algorithms, their sql CTEs, window functions, their obscure cpu/gpu instructions, people who can build a VM and a language on top from ground up will become even more valuable, because they can drive LLMs more effectively.

Your run of the mill bootcamp webdev/data scientists will have to educate themselves or find manual jobs.
by amber_raza | 2025-12-30 23:22:34+00:00
Thanks! I just took a look at MediSearch. It looks really clean.

You are definitely right that Live APIs come with their own headaches (mostly latency and rate limits).

For now, I chose this path to avoid the infrastructure overhead of maintaining a massive fresh index as a solo dev. However, I suspect that as usage grows, I will have to move toward a hybrid model where I cache or index the 'head' of the query distribution to improve performance.

Always great to meet others tackling this space. I’d love to swap notes sometime if you are open to it.
by reissbaker | 2025-12-30 23:23:12+00:00
The GPT-5 series is a new model, based on the o1/o3 series. It's very much inaccurate to say that it's a routing system and prompt chain built on top of 4o. 4o was not a reasoning model and reasoning prompts are very weak compared to actual RLVR training.

No one knows whether the base model has changed, but 4o was not a base model, and neither is 5.x. Although I would be kind of surprised if the base model hadn't also changed, FWIW: they've significantly advanced their synthetic data generation pipeline (as made obvious via their gpt-oss-120b release, which allegedly was entirely generated from their synthetic data pipelines), which is a little silly if they're not using it to augment pretraining/midtraining for the models they actually make money from. But either way, 5.x isn't just a prompt chain and routing on top of 4o.
by m132 | 2025-12-30 23:23:49+00:00
To be honest, I've read your response 3 times and I still don't see where we disagree, assuming that we do.

I've mostly focused on the worst Docker horrors I've seen in production, extrapolating that to the future of containers, as pulling in new "containerized" dependencies will inevitably become just as effortless as it currently is with regular dependencies in the new-style high-level programming languages. You've primarily described a relatively fresh, or a well-managed Docker deployment, while admitting that spaghetti-style dependencies have become a norm and new layers will pile up (and by extension, make things hard to manage).

I think our points of view don't actually collide.
by Fogest | 2025-12-30 23:23:58+00:00
The Chernobyl tv show had a nice podcast that went with it as well. I think these kinds of extra features are especially nice when it is for a show based on real life. They get to point out things that may not have been 100% historically accurate due to budget/time, and also get to bring in experts to speak about things related to developing the show.

It is funny that these things often just get released on podcast platforms and aren't really integrated into the streaming service.

Especially since this show, and the shows mentioned in these parent comments are all produced by the platforms they got released on. So they also have a whole lot more control to actually integrate this extra content.

These streaming platforms often state they are competing to keep you on their platform consuming things, and it seems odd to me that they wouldn't want to try and capture people for longer with these kinds of extras. Especially since as the other user indicated, these would be much lower cost to produce and license compared to the original content. And for someone who really enjoyed what they watched it would be a pretty appealing extra to have.
by Denvercoder9 | 2025-12-30 23:24:56+00:00
Maybe the database upgrade from v(N-17) to v(N-16) simply takes a while, and hasn't completed yet? Or the responsible team is looking at it, but it doesn't warrant the whole company to stop shipping?

Being 17 versions behind is an extreme example, but always having everything run the latest version in the repo is impossible, if only because deployments across nodes aren't perfectly synchronised.
by super256 | 2025-12-30 23:25:04+00:00
I think you are messing up things here, and I think your comment is based on the article from semi analysis. [1]

It said:
OpenAI’s leading researchers have not completed a successful full-scale pre-training run that was broadly deployed for a new frontier model since GPT-4o in May 2024, highlighting the significant technical hurdle that Google’s TPU fleet has managed to overcome.

However, pre-training run is the initial, from-scratch training of the base model. You say they only added routing and prompts, but that's not what the original article says. They most likely still have done a lot of fine tuning, RLHF, alignment and tool calling improvements. All that stuff is training too. And it is totally fine, just look at the great results they got with Codex-high.

If you got actually got what you said from a different source, please link it. I would like to read it. If you just messed things up, that's fine too.

[1] https://newsletter.semianalysis.com/p/tpuv7-google-takes-a-s...
by redsymbol | 2025-12-30 23:27:05+00:00
Unfortunately, just changing ad platforms is no magic bullet. Tiktok advertising is no easier to ramp up on, in fact it will probably be more difficult and expensive.

If are worried about the significant expense and high risk of paid ads, which is very reasonable, I recommend you do not do paid ads at all.

I think a better alternative for you is to learn to create organic content, e.g. videos for IG and tiktok, or text posts for platforms like X. And learn to stimulate sales of your app that way.

This also has a long learning curve, but dodges the financial risk of paid ads. Once your organic content is dialed in enough to make consistent profit, you'll be much better positioned to start with ads and be successful.

Good luck!
by johnnyfived | 2025-12-30 23:27:23+00:00
The Google Maps revelation seems like a staggeringly obvious but rarely thought about thing. If GDPR was required in the US we likely wouldn't even have to worry about this. But we have to think about not just opt-out but purposefully researching, tracking down, and manipulating default settings which will be hidden away by dark UX anyway.

The goal seems to be to enable as much storage (on-demand) needed for users' data as possible, whilst still allowing exceptions for anybody in a position of power over some people (authorities, governments, tech CEOs, etc).

And if you don't play the game you literally will not be able to live (conveniently).
by efreak | 2025-12-30 23:27:34+00:00
This window refused to load until I allowed it to load Facebook. Somewhere, somehow, the content in this page will not display if the browser cannot connect to Facebook servers (I'm using Harmonic HN client on Android; it has built-in adblock for the webviews, but I use Tracker Control to block even more trackers; in this case whitelisting connect.facebook.net allowed the page to load)
by fsiefken | 2025-12-30 23:27:37+00:00
Alternatively one could also use OneCore patched XP with MSYS2/MinGW/Cygwin with Bash, gnu tooling and the pacman package manager. One could compile most necessary software by hand. It runs a modern firefox, libreoffice and Windows7 games. Perhaps most of python, rust and node ecosystems would run.
Or if one really needs a linux/wsl light alternative one could run virtualbox, qemu or colinux (up to the ancient kernel 2.6.33).
Who needs 64 bit if the lean and mean 32-bit suffices and the Windows classic theme is included? Small llm's would probably not work, while they would with Loss32
by William_BB | 2025-12-30 23:27:56+00:00
Ok I will bite.

Every single example you gave is in a hobby project territory. Relatively self-contained, maintainable by 3-4 devs max, within 1k-10k lines of code. I've been successfully using coding agents to create such projects for the past year and it's great, I love it.

However, lots of us here work on codebases that are 100x, 1000x the size of these projects you and Karpathy are talking about. Years of domain specific code. From personal experience, coding agents simply don't work at that scale the same way they do for hobby projects. Over the past year or two, I did not see any significant improvement from any of the newest models.

Building a slightly bigger hobby project is not even close to making these agents work at industrial scale.
by ramoz | 2025-12-30 23:28:02+00:00
Not really. But, You can go viral again with a "Coding Agents with memory build better software using less tokens" showcasing how you benchmarked a "twitter rebuild" -

1. Setup Claude Code to build some layers of the stack

2. Setup Codex to build others.

In one instance equip them both with your product. Maybe bake in some tribal knowledge.

In another instance let them work raw.

In both instances, capture:

- Time to completion
- Tokens spent
- Ability to meet original spec
- Subjective quality
- Number of errors and categorize between the layers, to state something like "raw-claude's backend kept failing with raw-codex's frontend" etc

I imagine this benchmark working well in your favor.
by hagbard_c | 2025-12-30 23:28:59+00:00
My current (Bosch) washer does not have WiFi but I can see one use for it: make the machine start the cycle when electricity is cheapest. That usually is somewhere in the middle of the night, at other times in the middle of the day but generally not when I'm there to press some button. Since electricity prices directly correlate with power demand it makes sense to run these appliances when there is a power surplus and not when everyone just comes home and starts turning on their devices.

Of course I would never, ever give devices like this access to the 'net, not even for a few seconds. What 'smart' devices I have around usually run firmware which I installed on them, replacing whatever leaky spyware they came with from the factory. The only exception to this rule is the Fronius inverter which runs its original firmware but just like all other 'smart' things it lives in its own enclave and never got a single bit from or to the 'net. All communications goes through proxies which are under my control, there are no automatic firmware upgrades, no information leaks, no nothing - we live on a farm in the Swedish countryside so there is chance for any 'smart' device to surreptitiously hop onto an open WiFi-network either. Maybe I'll have a look at adding some ESP32-powered wifi functionality to the washer and dishwasher so I can integrate them into the (OpenHAB-powered) control system I use for controlling all things electronic here, something to do for a snowy day?
by throwup238 | 2025-12-30 23:30:29+00:00
> At least unique enough to use dental records to identify bodies.

Yes but in comparative dental analysis they use ante-mortem dental records to compare with post-mortem remains. It's not like DNA where you can record it once and then use that to match samples decades later in a database. In order to have a high confidence in a match, recent x-rays and records of dental work like fillings, crowns, etc. work best.

And no it is not expected. It's one of the primary challenges with bringing these kinds of drugs to market, as hyperdontia is already relatively common among humans (I had an incisor growing at the roof of my mouth an inch behind my row of teeth). Most successful applications of these tooth regrowth drugs tend to place them near the root of missing teeth hoping that the cellular growth signaling mechanisms are still working.
by LorenPechtel | 2025-12-30 23:30:42+00:00
Yeah, this makes no sense.

It sounds like it could be used to decontaminate a waste stream, but how do you select out the offending materials from a site?? What magic breaks halogenated bonds while leaving others (which are easier to break) alone? And how does the solvent work?? Remember, teflon only became practical when they found a solvent for it--and it's the solvent that's the real problem. Teflon is non-reactive enough for the body to pretty much ignore, the solvent (which of course isn't 100% removed from the final product) has one reactive spot and is a problem. They've tried to hide behind a game of musical chairs, using "different" solvents, but the dangerous part of the molecule is unchanged as that's what's needed to do it's job. A longer or shorter inert tail makes it "different" from a legal standpoint, not meaningfully different from a toxicity standpoint.

Why am I thinking scam?
by loup-vaillant | 2025-12-30 23:30:49+00:00
Do note thought that X25519 and Ed25519 were designed so they wouldn’t need those checks at all. It’s only when you’re trying to design fancier protocols on top of Curve25519 or Edwards25519 that you can run into subgroup issues.

And for those use cases, I personally try my best to just reproject everything back into the prime order subgroup whenever possible. Monocypher has a number of such fancy functions:

crypto_x25519_dirty_fast()
crypto_x25519_dirty_small()
crypto_elligator_map()
crypto_elligator_rev()
crypto_elligator_key_pair()

The dirty functions explicitly produce public keys that cover the entire curve, so that random such keys are truly indistinguishable from random when converted with `crypto_elligator_rev()`. But instead of just removing the clamp operation, I instead add random low-order point, so that when we later use the point in an X25519 key exchange, the shared secret is exactly the same as it would have been for a genuine X255119 key.

That’s where I thank DJB for designing a key exchange protocol that project the shared secret to the prime order subgroup, even when the public key it processes is not. The original intent may have been to make checks easier (low order keys all end up yielding zero), but a nice side effect is how it enabled a nice API for Mike Hamburg’s Elligator2.

> Accepting points outside the prime-order subgroup can quietly undermine higher-level assumptions, even if no immediate exploit is obvious.

If on the other hand we can prove that all computed results are low-order-component-independent (as is the case for X25519), then we know for sure we’re safe. In the end, Ristretto is only really needed when we can’t tweak the protocol to safely reproject to the prime order subgroup.

Don’t get me wrong, having a prime order group abstraction does help. But if someone is qualified to design a protocol that may require this, they’re qualified to try and make it work with a non-trivial cofactor as well — that, or prove it cannot be done.
by whoknowsidont | 2025-12-30 23:31:05+00:00
Windows 2000 was a bug riddled, poorly architected punching bag for malware.

Things definitely went up-hill AFTER Windows 2000.

What on earth would cause someone to say Windows 2000 was a good release? It wasn't even a good release when it came out, and it definitely didn't stand the test of time.
by eigenvalue | 2025-12-30 23:31:16+00:00
I really think git worktrees are a bad approach. You’re better off in my view with one shared state and dealing with conflicts live by dividing tasks ahead of time using beads and letting agents communicate with each other using Agent Mail and file reservations.

I’ve been able to productively run 12+ agents from CC, Codex, Gemini-cli at the same time this way and it works really well.
by mpyne | 2025-12-30 23:31:26+00:00
A lot more manual controls, in particular. I've never liked needing to use a touchscreen to manage functions of the car I might need to use while driving. Ioniq could actually go further still, some of the physical interface still uses a capacitive button rather than a physical button, but it is at least single-function so I can trace my hand along the bottom and the button I want is always in the same spot.

I like that by default it is set to two-pedal drive, especially in case I end up having to use an ICE or hybrid car (or have other drivers use my Ioniq). I like that I have a key fob and there's a physical interaction I need to make to turn the car on. I like that it supports Android Auto.

I think the styling is much better. I haven't sat in a Tesla long enough to give a direct comparison but the Ioniq interior is in the top quarter of cars I've driven.

It's not all roses, there's been Ioniq drivers run into ICCU issues that you don't really see the equivalent of with Tesla, but if I run into that then I'll just take it as a warranty item.

Edit: I forgot about the turn signal stalks but that was a primary thing for me as well, I literally thought it was some kind of anti-Tesla meme at first that they didn't have normal turn signals, until I verified it for myself.
by Alconicon | 2025-12-30 23:31:52+00:00
Because OpenAI stands for AI leader.

If Gemini can create or edit an image, chatgpt needs to be able to do this too. Who wants to copy&paste prompts between ai agents?

Also if you want to have more semantics, you add image, video and audio to your model. It gets smarter because of it.

OpenAI is also relevant bigger than antropic and is known as a generic 'helper'. Antropic probably saw the benefits of being more focused on developer which allows it to succeed longer in the game for the amount of money they have.
by cheema33 | 2025-12-30 23:31:54+00:00
> we've never seen a profession drive themselves so aggressively to irrelevance.

Should we be trying to put the genie back in the bottle? If not, what exactly are you suggesting?

Even if we all agreed to stop using AI tools today, what about the rest of world? Will everybody agree to stop using it? Do you think that is even a remote possibility?
Show HN: RAMBnB.xyz P2P marketplace for RAM rentals
by olivierroy | 2025-12-30 23:32:06+00:00
Airbnb is missing out on the biggest rental opportunity of 2026 so I built the solution.

Need to open Microsoft Teams and your other favorite Electron app? Get a temporary increase of memory

16 GB ought to be enough for everybody but in case it's not, you can rent more
by ocdtrekkie | 2025-12-30 23:32:18+00:00
Most commonly when fixing certificate errors! A lot of modern web applications have all of their certificate configuration in the web interface... which you can't access when your certificate breaks. I think once I had to break out IE11 to fix a certificate because Firefox wouldn't let me...

But also sometimes I need to access a website where the certificate lapsed yesterday. This is not a security issue and no reasonable person would assume a certificate expired yesterday is compromised, but we are living in a world of madness. I am not going to wait for some third party to fix their site, I'm just going to circumvent HSTS, I have better things to do.
by Jtsummers | 2025-12-30 23:33:19+00:00
This is a strange list. #58 is make your own malloc, ok. That's a moderately difficult project for a new developer (made harder if they don't know anything about what malloc actually does under the hood, you may need to study up a bit on operating systems and some other things before you even start). Followed by #59 where they suggest you build your own streaming protocol from scratch...

There are some good projects in there, but the levels of difficulty are all over the place.
by lotsofpulp | 2025-12-30 23:33:19+00:00
> As a blue-stater, I'm undecided on whether I agree that it's a right, but I definitely think that nobody has a right to shelter in any property they choose.

Given that all the property is claimed, I don’t see what the distinction is. If there existed a ton of unclaimed coastal California property, there wouldn’t be a problem.

So the more interesting and actionable question then is who has the right to live in coastal California?
by Alconicon | 2025-12-30 23:34:14+00:00
Apparently we all have enough money to put it into OpenAI.

Some players have to play, like google, some players want to play like USA vs. China.

Besides that, chatting with an LLM is very very convincing. Normal non technical people can see what 'this thing' can already do and as long as the progress is continuing as fast as it currently is, its still a very easy to sell future.
by 63stack | 2025-12-30 23:35:19+00:00
> there are dozens of little scripts or helper functions that accelerate my work. However I usually don’t write them because I don’t have the time

People who write things like this can't expect to be taken seriously.

Before AI you didn't have time to write things that saved you time? So you just ended up spending (wasting) more time by going the long way? That was a better choice than just doing the thing that would have saved you time?
by freehorse | 2025-12-30 23:35:30+00:00
The discussion started about DRM/gog. As I said, what I care about is DRM in games. If I buy a game, I want to own it, not rent it. Same as with any software. This is not just moral, it is firstmost practical. If running a game is bound to have steam running, then not getting steam to run means I cannot run the game. This has actually been a real situation where I could install and play games from gog because I could download an offline installer, but not from steam.

I don't care about the morals of pirating in the abstract, because I don't think such an abstract morality makes sense and hence I am not gonna lecture people what they should do (they can decide themselves based on their situation). The argument that without some sort of abstract moral code one will just pirate everything makes no sense. I buy now the games I play because I am fortunate that I have the money to buy them, and because I want to support studios that I consider decent (so that they keep making decent games). Same with any other kind of art.
by whatshisface | 2025-12-30 23:35:34+00:00
Readily turned into a signal jammer? Do you know this or are you just guessing? Raspis are SBCs not tricorders from star trek.

In terms of actual knowledge, wifi chips, like the one on your laptop or a raspi do not have software settings for that. They are predominately defined by hardware and by opaque binary blobs the kernel developers have their hands full reverse engineering compatible interfaces for. In addition, electrical interference far beyond what a tiny communications radio is capable of can come from dangerous items such as microwaves, electric motors and nine volt batteries plus spools of wire.