MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by samwho | 2025-12-19 11:46:31+00:00
With KV caching as it’s described there it has to be a prefix match. OpenAI state in their docs they don’t cache anything below 1024 tokens long, and I’m sure I read somewhere that they only cache in 1024 token blocks (so 1024, 2048, 3072, etc) but I can’t find it now.

There’s been some research into how to cache chunks in the middle, but I don’t think any of the providers are doing it yet because it needs the prompt to be structured in a very specific way.
by animistically | 2025-12-19 11:46:40+00:00
This misses the point entirely. Science is a dialogue. Peer review is just a protocol to signal that the article has been part of some dialogue.

Anyone can put anything to paper. Now more than ever - see all the vibe physics floating around. Peer review is just an assurance that what you are about to read isn't just some write-only output of some spurious thought process.
by jjgreen | 2025-12-19 11:46:50+00:00
Just boiling it should suffice, but you'd need quite a lot. My dear departed mother tried a "slimming aid" in the 1970s which consisted of a plastic bag that you could wear, the result was intense sweating, dehydration and a weight-loss that was reversed as soon as you drank some water. Maybe something like that?

But why?
by bellamoon544 | 2025-12-19 11:46:53+00:00
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by AnthonyMouse | 2025-12-19 11:47:03+00:00
> Zoning laws are why every city doesn't look like Hong Kong

The reason every city doesn't look like Hong Kong is that Hong Kong has a population of 7.5 million and a US city is considered "large" if it has 50,000 people.

Zoning laws are why every city doesn't look like Lubbock or Boise, which is hardly a problem.

> If that's what we have to fix in order to make progress

That's what we have to fix in order to make progress. It is what it is.
by embedding-shape | 2025-12-19 11:47:25+00:00
Hah, they actually did a slight rollback! When I first heard about them stopping the downloads, I immediately downloaded all the books I purchased from Amazon and went from buying ~1 book per week to 0. Seems a lot of us doing so had some sort of effect.

Unfortunately, it seems like this will be chosen by the publisher, so of course probably most of the books won't be downloadable at all, and Amazon can now point their finger at the publisher instead of taking the blame themselves. Publishers was probably always the reason behind the move, but at least now Amazon have someone else to blame, which I guess is great for them.
by anthk | 2025-12-19 11:48:07+00:00
On par of Microchess https://www.benlo.com/microchess/index.html and Nanochess https://nanochess.org from Óscar Toledo.

Microchess has a C-port with an emulated MOS 6502 inside. That's it, you are actually simulating a barebones Kim-1 with Microchess as the bundled "ROM" already in RAM.

I might port the C port to its transputer with Micro-C if I'm bored.
by rorytbyrne | 2025-12-19 11:49:02+00:00
> At that point why even have a journal

Great question.

> the journal system isn't perfect but its the only real check we have left.

I wish I could agree but Nature et al continually publish bad, attention-grabbing science, while holding back the good science because it threatens the research programmes that gave the editorial board successful careers.

"Isn't perfect" is a massive understatement.
by animistically | 2025-12-19 11:49:25+00:00
Tech really went downhill since Alphabet started using machine learning to help the oil industry find more deposits.

It created a feedback loop where datacenters increase both energy consumption and energy production. "AI" is just the current upshot. Energy use is exploding and its being fed by an exploding increase in oil production enabled by the very computer clusters that consume most of the excess production.

The global warming death spiral has begun. Brace for impact.
by GeneralMayhem | 2025-12-19 11:49:38+00:00
Really only prefixes, without a significant loss in accuracy. The point is that because later tokens can't influence earlier ones, the post-attention embeddings for those first tokens can't change. But the post-attention embeddings for "and then tell me what" would be wildly different for every prompt, because the embeddings for those tokens are affected by what came earlier.

My favorite not-super-accurate mental model of what's going on with attention is that the model is sort of compressing the whole preceding context into each token. So the word "tell" would include a representation not just of the concept of telling, but also of what it is that's supposed to be told. That's explicitly what you don't want to cache.

> So if I were running a provider I would be caching popular prefixes for questions across all users

Unless you're injecting user context before the question. You can have a pre baked cache with the base system prompt, but not beyond that. Imagine that the prompt always starts with "SYSTEM: You are ChatGPT, a helpful assistant. The time is 6:51 ET on December 19, 2025. The user's name is John Smith. USER: Hi, I was wondering..." You can't cache the "Hi, I was wondering" part because it comes after a high-entropy component (timestamp and user name).
by arkensaw | 2025-12-19 11:50:03+00:00
> As AI edges humans out of the business of thinking, I think we need to be wary of losing something essential about being human

If AI edges humans out of the business of thinking, then we're all in deep shit, because it doesn't think, it just regurgitates previous human thinking. With no humans thinking, no advances in code will be possible. It will only be possible to write things which are derivatives of prior work

(cue someone arguing with me that everything humans do is a derivative of prior work)
by unrealhoang | 2025-12-19 11:50:14+00:00
> logic bugs outside "unsafe" can cause bugs unsafe.

This is the wrong understanding of Rust's unsafety encapsulation. For example, no logic bug outside of `unsafe` can cause undefined behavior of Rust std's `Vec` abstraction, which is using underlying unsafe to build.

The point that "because unsafe is used so the entire Rust program is also unsafe" is a real major myth. It's as absurd as saying "because Java runtime using unsafe underlying to build so Java is also unsafe".
by fragmede | 2025-12-19 11:51:36+00:00
I've had codex rm -rf the git repo it's working in while running in yolo mode. Twice, even! (Play with fire, you're gonna get burnt.)

I had it whip this up to try and avoid this, while still running it in yolo mode (which is still not recommended).

https://gist.github.com/fragmede/96f35225c29cf8790f10b1668b8...
by embedding-shape | 2025-12-19 11:51:38+00:00
I'm guessing because BoringTun has been in a state of "currently undergoing a restructuring" for something like 3 years by now, I'm guessing Mullvad wasn't too keen to maybe/maybe not be able to contribute, and much more prefer being in 100% control of their own implementation.

As someone who wants to see Wireguard succeed and in even wider use, this move makes sense from that perspective too. The more implementations we have available, the more we can trust that the protocol is secure and stable enough. Personally I also have about 100x more trust in Mullvad than Cloudflare both in terms of security but more importantly privacy, but that's just the cherry on top.
by cute_penguin | 2025-12-19 11:51:50+00:00
I'm a web developer and I run a couple of dozen small websites and side projects.

So, obviously, I want to keep track of the basics: number of visits and where visitors are coming from.

I used Google (Universal) Analytics for a long time, but it's heavy, tracks everything and everyone.

I later switched to a simpler, privacy-first alternative, which I liked a lot. But as soon as I wanted to track more than a few sites or keep data longer than 30 days, the price quickly went into the hundreds per year.

And then I thought: why not dogfood this problem?

I wanted something extremely simple: no accounts, no cookies, no tracking, only copy and paste the script and it's done

So I built my own service, PageviewsOnline - a privacy-first analytics tool where stats are aggregated, public by default, and stored in the EU.

The core ideas are:

- Privacy first & EU-based - you can see exactly what is collected and what is stored

- Simple - paste a script tag and it just works - No accounts - I don't want to deal with PII, so the service is open by design

- Site-level config - not implemented yet, but I'm thinking of something like an analytics.json (similar to robots.txt) for per-site settings, that to ensure site owner

I've built an MVP. It works technically, but the design and feature set are still very basic.

The elephant in the room:

I know this can't stay entirely free forever - hosting, storage, and bandwidth will add up.

But I want to be as free/affordable as much as possible, but later on I'm thinking about a small premium tier (for things that obviously will make hosting more expensive; like longer retention or view more metrics). Something like ~$10/year per site for higher-cost features.

This is still early, but I would really appreciate feedback:

- Does this solve a real problem?

- Am I missing something obvious?

- If you are also web developer, would you use something like this?

- Or did I just reinvent a 15th competing standard?

Any feedback is appreciated!

(I have also created a simple Discord server if you want to give me feedback there personally as well)
by harperlee | 2025-12-19 11:52:01+00:00
Yes, I don't think Excel product owners are focusing on professional development, just power users. So things like the formula bar are lackluster. There is also a formula stepper that's mostly useless for debugging.

I played with them and even tried to build a minikanren, but on my day to day job I just use them tactically, so I avoid their limitations and I'm quite happy with them for that.

From memory:

- Recursion is severely limited in lambda. - There are extra pains when putting formulas on the name manager or on conditional formatting (although more focused on references than on lambdas in particular, usage of lambda would be more powerful if they didn't exist) - You can't do arrays of arrays, so your data structures need to be flat
by SirHumphrey | 2025-12-19 11:52:33+00:00
Yes? The replication of the foreign capability domestically has been a driving force of China's economy for the last 20 - 30 years. No major R&D program in which china is catching up or even exceeding the western capability was started there, even the quite recent AI boom is mostly based on the work of American companies and labs.

If anything the constant underestimation of Chinese capabilities caused "the west" to react way to late.
by turblety | 2025-12-19 11:52:59+00:00
Nice, I love WireGuard. I ended up building WrapGuard [1] to run applications without root access to the host and choose Go to write it in. I don't really know Rust, but does it make more sense for firmware/networking type software? Is there even a difference?

1. https://github.com/puzed/wrapguard
by josephg | 2025-12-19 11:53:12+00:00
> when you start using rust in the real world to get real work done a lot of the promises that were made about safety have to be dropped because you need to boot your computer before the heat death of the universe.

Safe rust isn't slow like Python, Go or Fil-C. It gets compiled to normal native code just like C and C++. It generally runs just as fast as C. At least, almost all the time. Arrays have runtime bounds checks. And ... thats about it.

> The result will be that we end up with something about as safe as C is currently - because CPUs are fundamentally unsafe and we need them to work somehow.

Nah. Most rust is safe rust. Even in the kernel, not much code actually interacts directly with raw hardware. The argument in favour of moving to rust isn't that it will remove 100% of memory safety bugs. Just that it'll hopefully remove most of them.
by NYCNews | 2025-12-19 11:53:54+00:00
Bronx Voice December 18, 2025

BRONX LOCAL NEWS -In a case that has captured nationwide attention, Jose Cesari, known as “Cry,” the leader of a sophisticated beer theft operation, was sentenced to 63 months (5 years and 3 months) in federal prison for his role in a large-scale conspiracy to steal beer from interstate shipments.

Cesari’s criminal organization, dubbed the "Beer Theft Enterprise," targeted rail yards and beverage distribution centers throughout the Northeast, stealing hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of Corona and Modelo beer, which was then sold illegally in New York. This case marks the end of a nearly two-year investigation into organized theft and serves as a stark warning against illegal activity targeting businesses in the Southern District of New York.

The Beer Theft Enterprise: A Criminal Operation in the Northeast Between 2022 and 2024, Cesari led the Beer Theft Enterprise, a criminal group based in the Bronx, New York. This group specialized in stealing beer shipments, primarily from Mexico, which were intended for distribution across the United States. The Beer Theft Enterprise focused on high-value beers like Corona and Modelo, making them the primary targets of the operation.

Operating mostly at night, the thieves would travel from the Bronx to rail yards and beverage warehouses across New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. They broke into railcars and distribution centers, often carrying out thefts using large trucks (such as U-Haul box trucks) to transport stolen beer back to New York. Once in the Bronx, the stolen goods would be sold on the black market.

"Jose Cesari and his crew carried out dozens of beer thefts, amassing hundreds of thousands of dollars in stolen goods," said U.S. Attorney Jay Clayton. "This sentence sends a clear message that organized theft will not be tolerated in the Southern District of New York.”

How Jose Cesari Built the Beer Theft Empire

Jose Cesari’s operation wasn’t just about stealing beer; it was a highly organized criminal network. As the leader, Cesari recruited members using his social media platforms, particularly Instagram. Through posts offering large sums of money and high-end equipment, Cesari lured in recruits with promises of fast cash. He advertised services like providing "police scanners" to avoid detection and bragged about the quick profits involved in beer theft.

One Instagram post from Cesari showcased him wearing a Corona t-shirtand making light of his criminal activities. "While some people got rich off of coronavirus, I got rich off of Coronas," he posted, referring to the stolen beer he was profiting from. His social media presence, including images of himself scaling railcars and holding power tools, gave authorities crucial evidence to build their case against him.

Cesari also played a key role in executing the thefts. He personally participated in over 36 beer heists, targeting multiple states in the process. His leadership extended beyond direct involvement; he coordinated the logistics, secured transportation, and managed the sale of the stolen goods.
by embedding-shape | 2025-12-19 11:53:58+00:00
I think the general consensus is that it improves security of the protocol, but obviously that won't matter much if the implementation gets something wrong or has worse security by itself.

Issues in the protocol itself would need all implementations to change, but issues in the implementation would obviously be isolated to one implementation. For something like Wireguard, I'd wager a guess that issues in the implementations are more common than issues in the protocol, at least at this stage.
by arnsholt | 2025-12-19 11:55:01+00:00
Good PBT code doesn't simply generate values at random, they skew the distributions so that known problematic values are more likely to appear. In JS "__proto__" is a good candidate for strings as shown here, for floating point numbers you'll probably want skew towards generating stuff like infinities, nans, denormals, negative zero and so on. It'll depend on your exact domain.
by abelitoo | 2025-12-19 11:55:24+00:00
I found it highly complex, but chalked it up to my own unfamiliarity with both C and the rust language and what they are trying to accomplish.

I found C way more approachable and rust filled to the brim with more rabbit holes and "logical-in-their-own-world/reality" way.. but again, I believe that's due to my own inexperience. Truthfully, in 10 years when rust fervor has died down and it has become more normal, I could see people vomitting at the thought that rust was pushed into the kernel, and there to be a strong push for not removing it but rather simplifying the code somehow? I'll definitely be writing another handful of projects in rust again in the next couple of years though, I liked how my last ones ended up
by RegW | 2025-12-19 11:56:00+00:00
I used to find when listening to a good many podcasts with VLC there would be:

> ... See you after the break.

brief pause

> And we're back ...

Unfortunately, most ads are now burnt in. The 10 second advance will skip through them, but as it's usually the host parroting the ad text and it's easy to over shoot.
by dannersy | 2025-12-19 11:57:20+00:00
Okay, fair that since the majority of the codebase is C and that 150 vulnerabilities is probably negligible in comparison since we're talking about ratios, but if we're to be THAT nuanced then we also need to consider that code has been iterated upon for decades, so, I think the point is moot.

The claim has never, ever, been that Rust is bug free. The objective was to help reduce bugs, which is an outcome I've seen first hand in projects I work on. You still seem to speak in aggro terms, so it still feels like an emotional response to Rust.
by uecker | 2025-12-19 11:59:00+00:00
The first misunderstanding is that safety is a property of the language or not. Rust marketing convinced many people that this is so, but C can be safe or unsafe. Fil-C shows that even all of C can be memory safe (but at a substantial cost in performance). But even just with GCC and Clang, array access and signed integer can be made safe with a compiler flag, and a violation then traps and this is similar to a Rust panic. The cases which can not be dealt with easily are pointer arithmetic, unions, and free and concurrently related issues. And it is very well possible to isolate and review all of these. This will not find all bugs, but neither does this work perfectly for Rust "unsafe" as this bug (and many others) nicely illustrates.
by Buford_Jones | 2025-12-19 11:59:18+00:00
Orbital simulation has always been my "Hello World" for any initial coding efforts in new and unfamiliar graphical environments. Certainly not to the precision detailed in the video, but did allow me to grasp the basic of new rendering methods. This explains why my github and temp project directories are filled with solutions named orbs, spheres, gravity, circles, planets, and others.
by IcePic | 2025-12-19 11:59:27+00:00
For some people, when you are not taking over the whole machine (as you would do in demos and games), then replacing the OS with something that gives you memory protections and virtual memory, uses all ram for caches, talks ipv6 and things like that is kind of neat. It will be a somewhat slow unix box, but it is still that same machine doing both kinds of tasks for you.
by psychoslave | 2025-12-19 11:59:28+00:00
It's like, what's someone price to commit a genocide? There are people out there, they will stubbornly refuse to engage in such a practice, no matter what amount of economical wealth is promised. It doesn't need to be rational. Rationality is not self justifying anyway. The will to help to build better societies is only marginally rational, all it takes is people with some empathy. Rationality is just better to tackle the logistic, it doesn't provide the constraints on what is deemed valuable.
by tialaramex | 2025-12-19 12:00:07+00:00
Women who insist that they specifically get to decide who is or isn't a woman and what women believe aren't new. Phyllis Schlafly managed to ensure the Equal Rights Amendment didn't pass on this same basis. Phyllis would fly from city to city, addressing crowds of women to tell them that women should be at home looking after their kids, not um, flying from city to city making political addresses like she did...

Beware anyone who claims to represent "all" of some large diverse group, such as "Women" or "Floridians".

"Women should have single sex spaces" turns out to be used to justify, "It's OK to be hateful and even violent against women in these spaces so long as your excuse is that you believe they're not actually women" which is bullshit.

Years ago, when I wasn't too tired to spend all day and half the night dancing, I went to Bang Face Weekender - basically imagine a huge multi-room club night except for days and days. I keep the socials for it available because hey, it's a nice memory. This sort of "Single sex spaces" bullshit caused a problem for the last-but-one Bang Face because a new-to-this Security outfit somehow decided it's their job to go remove people who in their view weren't women from a toilet for women. These women weren't causing any problems for anybody else, but because they presumably had the wrong genitals or for some other reason were "suspect" to that Security team, Security dragged them out of a toilet cubicle and threw them out of the site. Other clubbers were of course horrified, and the event runners had to apologise to everybody - because regardless of how many X chromosomes you have, or whether you do or don't have a womb, dragging people out of the toilets because you've got weird ideas about what is or isn't a woman is batshit.
by breppp | 2025-12-19 12:00:27+00:00
> Ok, I don't see a comparison happening. Israel seems to kill americans on a regular basis. Saudi arabia doesn't seem to be much friendlier either, not to mention refusing to align with our proclaimed values

Both statements are false, Israel does not "kill americans on a regular basis" and Saudi Arabia has not supported proxy warfare killing thousands of Americans.

The links I pasted are well established to Iran, I can post more but that would waste both of our time as you try to synthesize new facts
by azangru | 2025-12-19 12:00:35+00:00
> How easy is it to hire people with experience in this?

When NoRedInk switched to Elm, Richard Feldman, who was asked about whether this impacted their hiring experience in any negative way, said that on the contrary, hiring had never been better, because although the pool of candidates grew smaller, their quality (either prior experience of working with type-safe functional programming languages, or enthusiasm for learning them) got higher.

When Alex Russell announced several openings at Microsoft for development of design systems with web components, and certainly no react, he said this attracted a lot of really strong candidates.

I am not saying that a good web developer should be able to pick up any exotic language, such as elm, or purescript, or rescript, or clojurescript at no time; but what I am saying is that as far as web frameworks are concerned, they shouldn't be a criterion for hiring, and are unlikely to become an obstacle to it.