MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by Tanoc | 2025-12-23 15:05:13+00:00
It's definitely. Notice how after the 1994 Crime Bill was put into effect you had a large wave of shows and movies that increasingly depicted police as tools of the state rather than as protectors of the public. The fact that police-centered media exploded in ever larger shockwaves after that, the Atlanta Centennial Olympic Park Bombing, 9/11, and the deaths of Trayvon Martin and George Floyd was no coincidence. Law & Order, NYPD Blue, NCIS, Chicago PD, and Blue Bloods each correspond to each of those periods. The shows and movies are designed to make the abusive and destructive actions of the police look gallant. The police themselves actually advocate on many of them in order to sensationalize depictions or manipulate points of view so that they can then take them and use them as emotional appeals when the public criticizes policing.

The name "Law & Order" is a blatant example of this, as it's a phrase used by Richard Nixon during his campaign in 1968, and was widely repeated when he created justifications for starting the War On Drugs in 1970. This same phrase was later used by Reagan and H.W. Bush when they planted their positions of wanting to wield state violence against countercultures that arose. The '90s was full of change as Gen-X started to become adults and formed their own powerful countercultures, and the title of the show was an emotional appeal to conservative older people who hated that change and wanted the state to shape society instead of the other way around.
by MisterTea | 2025-12-23 15:05:20+00:00
This is exactly it.

The FPGA situation is the same as the microcontroller situation before Arduino blew open the flood gates: byzantine proprietary software and libraries you have to pay for to unlock hard IP functionality less you from scratch develop it yourself which can be very difficult. The Arduino gave people a solid kit: Simple to install IDE that wraps up a text editor, tool chain and libraries with matching plug and play hardware.

Arduino took microcontrollers from esoteric hardware for EE's to mainstream "makers" - people who were not technically educated but wanted to makes things using technology. FPGA's need a solid foundation like that.

I briefly worked with FPGAs and was having a lot of fun but the software really ruined it for me. I forget the details but I was moving my web license of the Xilinx tools to my desktop from my laptop, it kept failing and I gave up.
by majoe | 2025-12-23 15:05:41+00:00
That's not correct. For ordinary computers there is Landauer's principle, which gives a theoretical lower limit for the energy needed for computation [0].

I say "ordinary computers" because other comments mentioned "reversible computers" for which this limit doesn't apply.

According to the linked wikipedia page, this theoretical limit is around a billion times smaller than current computers use for an operation, so you may call me pedantic.

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer%27s_principle
by crazygringo | 2025-12-23 15:06:08+00:00
> the lack of comments is simply not an issue

I'm looking at the code and just cannot agree. If I look at a command like "TRotateFloatCommand.DoIt" in URotate.p, it's 200 lines long without a single comment. I look at a section like this and there's nothing literate about it. I have no idea what it's doing or why at a glance:

pt.h := BSR (r.left + ORD4 (r.right), 1);
pt.v := BSR (r.top + ORD4 (r.bottom), 1);

pt.h := pt.h - BSR (width, 1);
pt.v := pt.v - BSR (height, 1);

pt.h := Max (0, Min (pt.h, fDoc.fCols - width));
pt.v := Max (0, Min (pt.v, fDoc.fRows - height));

IF width > fDoc.fCols THEN
pt.h := pt.h - BSR (width - fDoc.fCols - 1, 1);

IF height > fDoc.fRows THEN
pt.v := pt.v - BSR (height - fDoc.fRows - 1, 1);

Just breaking up the function with comments delineating its four main sections and what they do would be a start. As would simple things like commenting e.g. what purpose 'pt' serves -- the code block above is where it is first defined, but you can't guess what its purpose is until later when it's used to define something else.

Good code does not make comments unnecessary or redundant or harmful. This is a myth that needs to die. Comments help you understand code much faster, understand the purpose of variables before they get used, understand the purpose of functions and parameters before reading the code that defines them, etc. They vastly aid in comprehension. And those are just "what" comments I'm talking about -- the additional necessity of "why" comments (why the code uses x approach instead of seemingly more obvious approach y or z, which were tried and failed) is a whole other subject.
by throwaway_7274 | 2025-12-23 15:06:14+00:00
An old friend of mine went to work at a similar company, seemingly with no qualms. He praised how “nice” the ceo was. It was a sad and eye-opening experience of losing respect for someone.

The thing is, a lot of ordinary people in tech are naive, gullible, more intelligent than wise, easily flattered, limited to first-order thinking socially-speaking, and obsessed with rules and systems. Then there’s another stratum of actors on top who are all of the above, and sociopathic to boot.

I don’t know, I think it’s just the way it is. I’ve become very disillusioned with the ability of ‘tech people’ as a class to work for good.
by jacquesm | 2025-12-23 15:06:47+00:00
Ah, a spin out, ok, that makes good sense, and that helped you avoid a lot of the dangers that would have killed an entity all-in from day #1. More often than not that kind of pressure leads to sub-optimal decision making and you budded off in a nice and controlled way. Web agencies are pretty good as the basis for this kind of thing, I've seen it happen multiple times now. I think the reason is that you know exactly where the pain points of your customers are and that sets you up for productization. And in lean times you can't fall far because the agency customers will need to be served anyway.
Show HN: Ayder – Nginx for event streaming (50K msg/s, P99 3ms, 40s recovery)
by Aydarbek | 2025-12-23 15:06:49+00:00
Hi HN — I built Ayder because Kafka in 2025 feels like starting a car with a hand crank.

# That's it. You're streaming.
curl -X POST localhost:1109/broker/topics/orders/produce -d '{"item":"widget"}'

Single binary. Zero dependencies. HTTP-native (not a proxy). Built in C with libuv.

Performance (wrk2, real network, 3-node Raft, sync-majority writes):

Throughput: 50K msg/s sustained
P99: 3.46ms
P99.9: 12.94ms
Server P99.999: 1.22ms (HTTP isn't the bottleneck)

Recovery time — the number nobody talks about:

Kafka after unclean shutdown: 2+ hours (real production reports)
Ayder after SIGKILL: 40-50 seconds with 8 million offsets

Tested repeatedly. Zero data loss. Follower replays AOF, asks leader for missing offsets, catches up automatically. No manual intervention.

What you get:
- Append-only log with consumer groups + committed offsets
- Raft consensus (3/5/7 nodes) with mTLS
- KV store with CAS + TTL
- Stream processing: filter, group_by, windowed joins (including cross-format Avro+Proto)
- Idempotent produce, retention policies, Prometheus metrics

I'm a solo founder from Kazakhstan, self-taught systems programmer. Spent 8 months building this. Looking for feedback on the API, what's missing, and early design partners.

GitHub: https://github.com/A1darbek/ayder
by y-curious | 2025-12-23 15:06:52+00:00
I was just having a conversation (argument) with my MIL about this. She claims that people have felt that SS would run out of money before they retire her entire life. Has this sentiment been tracked at all? I certainly feel like I (aged mid-30s) will not be benefitting, but the common argument is that the Ponzi scheme will find a way to perpetuate for longer
by kenjackson | 2025-12-23 15:07:43+00:00
This is an embarrassing response.

You don’t hold a story because you want to push the government harder to respond, especially when you have the executive’s official spokesperson giving a reason on the record already.

And what does she mean that we should spend a beat explaining that half do have criminal histories? She wants them to give a cookie for that? And why is being charged relevant? You don’t send someone to prison for life for being charged.

Lastly she misstates the administrations legal justification for deportation. She doesn’t appear to be an unbiased actor here.

The fact she sent that out publicly is a good indication of how prejudiced she will be with editorial content.

You had a good run 60 Minutes.
by jefftk | 2025-12-23 15:07:48+00:00
This isn't that uncommon:

* If a country doesn't have "closed borders" then many foreigners can visit if they follow certain rules around visas, purpose, and length of stay. If instead anyone can enter and live there with minimal restrictions we say it has "open borders".

* If a journal isn't "closed access" it is free to read. If you additionally have permissions to redistribute, reuse, etc then it's "open access".

* If an organization doesn't practice "closed meetings" then outsiders can attend meetings to observe. If it additionally provides advance notice, allows public attendance without permission, and records or publishes minutes, then it has “open meetings.”

* A club that doesn't have "closed membership" is open to admitting members. Anyone can join provided they meet relevant criteria (if any) then it's "open membership".

EDIT: expanded this into a post: https://www.jefftk.com/p/open-source-is-a-normal-term
by czottmann | 2025-12-23 15:08:05+00:00
Here's the magnet URL to the torrent, can't hurt:

magnet:?xt=urn:btih:734abc77f48d11c78543c52004b6f57db71d6d92&dn=60minutes-cecotsegment&xl=1483256352&tr=http%3A%2F%2Fbt1.archive.org%3A6969%2Fannounce&tr=http%3A%2F%2Fbt2.archive.org%3A6969%2Fannounce&ws=http://ia601703.us.archive.org/32/items/&ws=http://ia801703.us.archive.org/32/items/&ws=https://archive.org/download/
by derriz | 2025-12-23 15:08:07+00:00
I don’t understand your point here or maybe our understanding of the admittedly vague term “message oriented” differs.

I’m not suggesting exposing retransmission, fragmentation, etc to the API user.

The sender provides n bytes of data (a message) to the network stack. The receiver API provides the user with the block of n bytes (the message) as part of an atomic operation. Optionally the sender can be provided with notification when the n-bytes have been delivered to the receiver.
by westurner | 2025-12-23 15:08:16+00:00
dotfiles/scripts/netstatpsutil.py: https://github.com/westurner/dotfiles/blob/develop/scripts/n...

Textual or similar for a top-like mode would be cool someday

scripts/lsof.sh does lsof from /proc/*: https://github.com/westurner/dotfiles/blob/develop/scripts/l...
by D-Machine | 2025-12-23 15:09:27+00:00
Indeed, there are even multiple attempts to use both self-attention and convolutions in novel architectures, and there is evidence this works very well and may have significant advantages over pure vision transformer models [1-2].

IMO there is little reason to think transformers are (even today) the best architecture for any deep learning application. Perhaps if a mega-corp poured all their resources into some convolutional transformer architecture, you'd get something better than just the current vision transformer (ViT) models, but, since so much optimizations and work on the training of ViTs has been done, and since we clearly still haven't maxed out their capacity, it makes sense to stick with them at scale.

That being said, ViTs are still currently clearly the best if you want something trained on a near-entire-internet of image or video data.

[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.15808

[2] https://scholar.google.ca/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=convo...
by jacquesm | 2025-12-23 15:09:35+00:00
Sure, but your personal preferences have an outsized effect on your chances for success because they are very much aligned.

I know plenty of founders that gave it all and then some (including their health, their family relationships and in some cases their lives) and that ended up worse than the shape they were in when they started. So yes, you hear a lot of stories about secondary stock sales and so on but those are the exceptions and very much not the norm. That's just survivorship bias.
by romanhn | 2025-12-23 15:09:47+00:00
Then the singer went on to use her influence and celebrity lawyers to keep the apartment and not return the buyer's money, screwing the buyer in the process. Literally her defenses were "the buyer should've known this deal was suspect due to below the market price" and that the buyer should have asked for a health report from a psychiatrist (wtf). Not a nice old lady after all. I haven't been following the case closely, but it seems like the decision has been overturned.

Similar to Streisand Effect, there's now in Russia the term Dolina Effect [0] after this singer, referring to these "grandma schemes" where criminals direct the elderly to sell their property and then renege, relying on courts siding with them to keep the property and the money. Whatever the real story is, it's all so messed up.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolina_effect
by vablings | 2025-12-23 15:09:48+00:00
Yes but no. They wanted as many pilots to fly the new aircraft as possible without having to get them re-type certified which is pretty expensive. The issue is that pilots were completely unaware of the MCAS and when it malfunctioned there was not correct training in place because the system was "a hidden abstraction"

Clearly the system worked as intended because nobody had to be re-certified to fly the aircraft but being completely unaware of an additional control layer is dangerous and should have been known about by pilots, but Boeing kept it hidden.
by dersch | 2025-12-23 15:09:49+00:00
This is an interesting topic that is also a very current one in the Netherlands: https://business.gov.nl/finance-and-taxes/pensions/the-new-p...

Where they've essentially implemented the system as the 1 in 4 American think it works in the USA. Specifically:

> It will become clearer how your pension or your employee’s pension grows. Employees will have their own pension account, showing all the contributions they have paid. And the profit or loss made with this money.

It will be interesting to see if this works out as they've calculated/predicted.
by Convia | 2025-12-23 15:09:57+00:00
OP here.

A concrete eval method: run it on a file that caused trouble in the past, then on the same file after patch/refactor. Before vs. after tends to be clearer than looking at scores in isolation.

Tech notes: multi-language via tree-sitter (Python, JS/TS, Java, Go, Rust, C/C++, etc.), 100% local (no telemetry / no external APIs), deterministic (no LLMs for the scores).

Happy to answer questions about the metrics.
by renewiltord | 2025-12-23 15:10:08+00:00
I have not done this so it’s theorycrafting but can’t you do the following?

1. Have a local data dir with initial state

2. Create an overlayfs with a temporary directory

3. Launch your job in your docker container with the overlayfs bind mount as your data directory

4. That’s it. Writes go to the overlay and the base directory is untouched
by 9rx | 2025-12-23 15:10:16+00:00
I don't become enamoured by language. I really don't care if I have to zig or zag. I'll happily work in every language under the sun. It is no more interesting than trying to determine if Milwaukee or Mikita make a better drill. Who cares? Maybe you have to press a different button, but they both do the same thing in the end. As far as I'm concerned, It's all just 1s and 0s at the end of the day.

However, I have found the Go variant of said project to be more pleasant because, as before, it just works. The full functionality of those libraries is fairly complex and it has had effectively no bugs. The Typescript version on the other hand... I am disenchanted by software that fails.

Yeah, you can blame the people who have worked on it. Absolutely. A perfect programmer can program bug-free code in every language. But for all the hand-wringing about how complex types are supposed to magically save you from making mistakes that keeps getting trumped around here, I shared it as a fun anecdote to the opposite — that, under real-world conditions where you are likely to encounter programers that aren't perfect, Go actually excelled in a space that seems to reflect your example.

But maybe it's not the greatest example to extol the virtues of a language. I don't know, but I am not going to start caring about one language over another anyway. I'm far more interested in producing great software. Which brand of drill was used to build that software matters not one bit to me. But to each their own. Different opinions is the spice of life, I suppose!
by lr4444lr | 2025-12-23 15:10:23+00:00
People also are often unaware that the symptoms of asthma which cause the most concern (dyspnea, tightness, etc.) are less hypoxia and more hypercapnia. Hypoxia in normal people does not feel like breathlessness: it's lightheadedness, low energy, turning blue, etc. Asthma is almost definitionally airway hyper-responsiveness (and relevant structural changes): any fitness intervention that can help improve CO2 expulsion will probably greatly help an asthmatic seek relief. This is also why in acute attacks, pursed lip exhalations can really help.
by chuckadams | 2025-12-23 15:10:27+00:00
In the sense of supporting mixins that don't necessarily pollute your public API. The overlap with other languages isn't perfect, and traits in the stdlib refer to a rather different template-based thing, but I don't think any language has the monopoly on a canon definition of traits. Certainly they're going to be different than traits in Self, which iirc coined the term.
by ashleyn | 2025-12-23 15:10:32+00:00
Impossible to tell, but there's factors making it more likely to happen this time than in previous generations. Probably the biggest factor is the declining population, which no government around the world has been able to materialise an answer to.

My personal retirement plans assume no social security. Anything I may get in old age is a nice bonus, but in my planning, it's not the beef.
by cjbgkagh | 2025-12-23 15:10:34+00:00
Good luck with that. There is a generational conflict coming, and in many ways it’s already here. At some point young people are going to be asked to pay more in taxes in order to bail out social security and it’ll radicalize them more than they are already. Given the option of bail out grandma or burn down the whole system don’t be surprised when they chose to burn it down.

I think it’ll look a bit like the collapse of USSR when the state reneges on its obligations and the people have to scramble to find new ways to make ends meet.

Edit; I can’t tell if the parent comment is satire, it’s too early in the morning for me
by spwa4 | 2025-12-23 15:10:35+00:00
> .. the current WH has decided science has a bias against them and wants to curb it ...

The US spent ~1 trillion dollars on science in 2024, 2025 will be maybe 10% less.

The EU spent ~460 billion dollars on science in 2024 ... and 2025 will be 10 to 20% less.

So the problem I have here is simple. I mostly agree with you. But European governments, despite having more money to spend, spent less on science, and are taking back grants faster than Trump. Per-capita or per-GDP-dollar they spent 3 to 4 times less than the US on science. In absolute terms, they spent less than half the US spent.

EU politicians (and diplomats) are doing worse than Trump on this issue, not better.

This is the part that's always forgotten. Everyone's gleefully saying that this Trump White House is going to finally, after decades, reverse the EU to US brain drain!

Then you look at the facts ... and no, it's not. In fact it may accelerate under Trump. What the EU is doing to science funding is worse than what Trump is doing.

I mean, I get it. Trump is worse than Biden. Or, to put it a different way: the US is so far ahead of the EU in science that the major idiotic stumble Trump is turning out to be ... just doesn't matter. But yeah, bring back Biden!

If getting a science grant for X is 5 years of effort in the EU, it's about 2 years of effort in the US. Sure, it used to be 1.8 years and that sucks. But there is still a very large difference and obviously the expected outcome here, if we're being honest, is that the US ... will easily remain far ahead in science to the EU.
by kiryl_kazlovich | 2025-12-23 15:10:54+00:00
After 8 months of solo development, I'm releasing the complete source code for PlanToCode - a coding assistant that helps create detailed implementation plans. For example, it serves as a UI planning layer for Claude Code, which I use daily.

This is the same codebase powering the apps on the Mac App Store, Microsoft Store, and iOS App Store.

~270k lines across:

- Desktop (React + Tauri/Rust) - 120k

- Backend (Rust/Actix-Web) - 47k

- iOS (Swift/SwiftUI) - 51k

- Website (Next.js) - 46k

- Infrastructure (Ansible) - 6k

I hope this is helpful to someone - whether to learn from, get inspired by, or build something of your own.

You are free to:

- Download, build, and run PlanToCode from source

- Modify the code for personal or internal company use

- Learn from the codebase and use it as a reference

- Self-host your own instance
by vpShane | 2025-12-23 15:11:20+00:00
Agreed. The internet is a wild ride of walled garden algorithms, dead internet theory, bot comments with other bot comments, like farming, influenced sway-the-masses, scam laden AI generated nightmares with major platforms requiring IDs, biometric verifications where you're fingerprinted, scanned, identified and crapped on.

Deplatforming removes a voice to a captive audience where one has entire lively hoods taken from them, their viewpoints suppressed and are forced to other platforms where the userbases are questionable offering their own infinite scrolls and dopamine hits and their own cancel cultures.

It is what it is.
by LexiCoAS | 2025-12-23 15:11:27+00:00
Fair points. Let me address each:

1. The 100M proof was generated differently than the others. The round numbers are because I summarized the metrics manually after the run, rather than capturing raw benchmark output. The actual values were ~3.1GB throughout — I should have kept the decimals.

2. heap_growth_percent: 0 is wrong given those numbers. That field was meant to convey "memory stayed flat" but I wrote it incorrectly. The heap DID grow from 50MB to ~3.1GB during warmup, then stayed flat. Bad labeling on my part.

3. The .tmp/leaves file: You're right, it's not included. The 3.2GB binary file contains all 100M leaf hashes. I can provide it, but it's large. The root hash commits to it regardless — if you regenerate any leaf, it won't match.

The 1K-10M proofs have full Merkle paths you can verify. The 100M proof has the root hash commitment. I prioritized shipping over polish.

Valid criticisms. I'll clean up the 100M proof format.
by Retric | 2025-12-23 15:11:51+00:00
> diverting this from nuclear waste storage

This is a manufactured product not waste from a nuclear reactor. We use it because it’s an alpha emitter, there’s harder to shield material with similar half lives they are just less useful. I bring this up because longer half lives don’t mean safety. If you’re looking for a weapon, salted nukes are the stuff of nightmares if they use something with a month long half life or several hundred years.

> I don’t know how to gauge

And that’s the issue here, you need to do some more research before making such statements.