MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by lenkite | 2025-12-12 18:57:00+00:00
Actually, India has one of the worlds largest refineries for extra heavy crude oil processing. The Reliance Jamnagar refinery have a crude capacity ~1.4 million barrels per day (bpd).

The Nayara refinery (Russian stakeholder) is rather smaller at 390–400 kbd. There are a few other state owned and private refineries in the South that can process heavy crude cumulatively upto a million bpd.

You are right that the equipment was from US (Lummus Technology). However, due to sanctions, the Nayara refinery has begun retrofitting from eastern suppliers.

It is sad that both Venezuela and Iran (and now Russia) are all now under West-enforced oil sanctions. Makes life difficult for poor nations that don't have native oil supply. It is not possible to compete with EU for economic oil purchase in the global market
by ben_w | 2025-12-12 18:57:41+00:00
I would say a different problem:

There's many definitions of "thinking".

AI and brains can do some, AI and brains definitely provably cannot do others, some others are untestable at present, and nobody really knows enough about what human brains do to be able to tell if or when some existing or future AI can do whatever is needed for the stuff we find special about ourselves.

A lot of people use different definitions, and respond to anyone pointing this out by denying the issue and claiming their own definition is the only sensible one and "obviously" everyone else (who isn't a weird pedant) uses it.
by Duanemclemore | 2025-12-12 18:57:42+00:00
Oh my goodness! I - really did not- expect to reach the author himself! Hello sir, your work is rad and am excited to see the zine!

My partner and I run our design studio on Linux these days and so we're always on the hunt for software to better replace the PC / Mac software we walked away from, so I explored running Affinity a couple years ago and couldn't get it going properly. Then last year I had to put together a big important document, so I had extra motivation to find a replacement.

I tried almost literally everything that was Linux native over a few weeks when I was getting started. I was impressed with VivaDesigner, but decided to just use LaTeX in VSCode - ahich was both awesome and terrifying for what wound up a 390pg document. And would be a huge PITA for this purpose.

Back to your post specifically - I can imagine how insane the old system you helped replace was.

And yes, I think that the "tipping point" is an important consideration. Maybe in Germany where Viva is based they might not think twice if you bring in a live file, but it does seem like Affinity is far and away the leading challenger in the states. I'm sure it's a miniscule share and Adobe is still the 8,000 pound gorilla.

But that's the thing about tipping points right?
by steveklabnik | 2025-12-12 18:57:50+00:00
I don't know where I've lied about this, supposedly. Unless you say that, because of this implementation exception (which is based on target, not std vs no_std by the way) as meaning that "there's no UB in safe Rust" to be a lie.

I would still stand by that statement generally. Implementation issues on specific platforms are generally not considered to be what's being discussed when talking about things like this. It's similar to how cvs-rs doesn't make this a lie; a bug isn't in scope to what we're talking about 99% of the time.

In context, I'd have no reason to deny that this is something you'd want to watch out for.
by palmotea | 2025-12-12 18:58:05+00:00
> But how do you actually bootstrap that process?

I don't know.

> Look at bandcamp. They unionized successfully. Then the company got sold (again), and everyone but the union leaders (and prominent members) got job offers from the new parent company. Basically got reverse-fired.

That seems like something that should be illegal, if it's not already. It seems like a paper maneuver.

It should probably be expected that employers will play dirty, which is one of the reasons why I think the unions need to be hyper-focused on worker and workplace issues to the exclusion of all else.
by rimunroe | 2025-12-12 18:58:34+00:00
> And you don't need the internet to sell applications.

Could you elaborate on what you mean by this? I don't know how you'd sell them otherwise. How do you do you process a payment without a network connection? The only thing I can think of is offering a catalog in the OS which users could browse and physically order stuff from, but I wouldn't call that a store.
by contingencies | 2025-12-12 18:58:38+00:00
Yes.

As a point of interest, the English do have a sort of stiff upper lip thing going on since forever. It's normal in English upper class families to send kids to boarding school. This was partly enabled by empire, but seems to have persisted. I have English friends who think nothing of living on another continent to their children.

On the mental bearings of extreme travelers, I used to do some long distance (multi-week) cycle touring and offered accommodation to others through platforms for this purpose while living in China. They say you have to be half-mad to get in to cycle touring in the first place. Some of these people were very much in a weird mental place. After a bad experience with a German woman I stopped participating in these systems. Some of them would turn up broke with no shoes really in need of help. A subset of the people who finish go on to become motivational speakers. Most of them probably wind up happy, but grizzled and impoverished with more physical than mental health.
by WarOnPrivacy | 2025-12-12 18:58:42+00:00
> Are we sure his coauthor is Jenna McCarthy?

The War On Ivermectin – Jenna McCarthy Written with Jenna McCarthy, Dr. Kory’s story chronicles the personal attacks, professional setbacks, and nefarious efforts of the world’s major health agencies and medical journals to dismiss and deny ivermectin’s efficacy. jennamccarthy.com/portfolio-items/the-war-on-ivermectin-cloned

Seems to be, yeah.
by barbacoa | 2025-12-12 18:59:02+00:00
>Those gigantic clinical trials (some of the largest RCTs ever conducted) didn't detect this issue because of its extreme rarity.

You assume good faith on their part. These studies are run by the same companies that stand to make billions based off the study outcomes. For example we know now when a toddler died in the Moderna covid RTC of cardiac arrest after vaccination they reportedly covered it up and didn't report it.

This all is starting to sound a lot like what happened with vioxx. Where an increase in heart problems was detected in RTC but covered up. Vioxx would go on to cause an estimated 50000 deaths from heart attack.
by JMiao | 2025-12-12 18:59:06+00:00
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson

lots of _oofs_ while reading his page. ron, i was not familiar with your game.

“The House Select Committee on the January 6, 2021, Capitol Attack revealed that Johnson's aide Sean Riley texted Chris Hodgson, an aide to Vice President Mike Pence, to request that Johnson personally give Pence an envelope containing alternate electors for Michigan and Wisconsin, which were later determined to be fraudulent. Hodgson refused to do so. In March 2022, Johnson's campaign hired Pam Travis as a full-time aide, although she had signed a statement as one of Wisconsin's ten "fake electors," who challenged the legitimacy of the state's delegation to the Electoral College. While walking outside the Capitol and pretending to be on a phone call, Johnson claimed he was not aware of the contents of the envelope.”
by 6r17 | 2025-12-12 18:59:12+00:00
I'm wondering if the english stopwords are not children of a forgotten declination that was forgotten from the language - ... ok so I had to check this out but I don't really have time to check more than with gemini - apparently - The word "the" is basically the sole survivor of a massive, complex table of declensions. In Old English, you could not just say "the." You had to choose the correct word based on gender, case, and number—exactly like you do in Polish today with ten, ta, to, tego, temu, tej, etc.

The Old English "The" (Definite Article) Case Masculine (Ten) Neuter (To) Feminine (Ta) Plural (Te) Nominative Se Þæt Sēo Þā Accusative Þone Þæt Þā Þā Genitive Þæs Þæs Þære Þāra Dative Þæm Þæm Þære Þæm Instrumental Þy Þy — —

I have read somewhere that polish was actually more precise language to be used with AI - I'm wondering if the idea of shortening words that apparently make no sense are not actually hurting it more - as noticed by the article though.

So I'm to wonder at this point - wouldn't it be worthy of exploring a tenser version of the language that might bridge that gap ? completely exploratory though I don't even know if that might be helpful idea other than being a toy
by paxys | 2025-12-12 18:59:41+00:00
While things can be bad in software in general, game developers need a union more than anyone. Conditions in that industry are horrendous. The entire period of a game's development is "crunch time". Everyone is exempt, so no overtime of course. And it is standard practice to downsize studios and have mass layoffs right after big launches. It's a shame that so many are drawn to this just because of a passion for gaming.
by Barrin92 | 2025-12-12 18:59:41+00:00
>shame on you Apple, you are acting like M$!

Microsoft, for all their faults, gave us an actual operating system that people could build and distribute executables on as they saw fit with no restrictions, and they did it despite the fact that they owned almost the entire personal computing space.

Imagine Microsoft had charged everyone who distributed a Windows executable 30%, they'd have made trillions by now. Bill Gates said once that Microsoft has captured maybe 1% of the value that people have created on top of their software because they don't insert themselves between what users do with each other and I do think they actually deserve some props for that
by keernan | 2025-12-12 18:59:50+00:00
Just a heads up:

All four of my daughters prohibit my 7 grandchildren from going anywhere near roblox. My grandchildren are currently ages 2-11 but my daughters are so outraged by what happens there that they say their children will never be allowed on roblox until they move out of the house. Apparently it is extremely predatory, lots of bullying, and highly sexualized - and while children are the site's target audience, the site provides no effective oversight.
by ekjhgkejhgk | 2025-12-12 19:01:00+00:00
No. Special relativity postulates that special relativity is preserved at all scales. It's an axiom. Comes from nowhere. It's assumed.

This is what a theory is: assume XYZ is true, and see how much of the world you can explain. Why is XYZ? That theory doesn't explain it.

Theoretical physics is: what is the smallest set of XYZ assumptions that can explain other theories. So if you can come up with a theory that's internally self-consistent that _predicts_ something which is postulated by another successful theory, that's a very convincing result.
by zats | 2025-12-12 19:01:16+00:00
Built to explore patterns in my own ChatGPT usage, and have a little fun along the way. What's the heat-map of my swearing, how often ChatGPT apologizes in return, what's my longest ChatGPT streak, how long would be my ChatGPT history printed on CVS receipt and more.

There’s a GitHub repo if you want to run it on your own ChatGPT data export.
by jvanderbot | 2025-12-12 19:01:19+00:00
This is not a meta-question.

The definition of "thinking" in any of the parent comments or TFA is actually not defined. Like literally no statements are made about what is being tested.

So, if we had that we could actually discuss it. Otherwise it's just opinions about what a person believes thinking is, combined with what LLMs are doing + what the person believes they themselves do + what they believe others do. It's entirely subjective with very low SNR b/c of those confounding factors.
by danaris | 2025-12-12 19:02:19+00:00
> a union should be monomanically about representing worker interests and stay far away from any other kind of issue

So...should it pick and choose which kinds of workers to represent the interests of?

Or should it fight for the interests of all the workers?

Because that's really the choice it has to make: do you fight for the interests of disabled workers, and female workers, and trans workers, and black workers, and immigrant workers? Or do you only fight for the interests of white male workers?

Either choice is a political choice.

You cannot avoid politics when one side of the political aisle has declared that the validity and ability to exist in public life of certain categories of people is against their agenda.
by tehjoker | 2025-12-12 19:02:58+00:00
Unions should focus on worker power, but staying away form politics entirely is called "economism" and "opportunism". Your bosses are political, they shape politics to mold the environment around you. Unions form the bedrock of worker power, and workers should advocate for a more democratic society against the oligarchs. We are some of the best positioned in society to do so because we control the means of production.

Unions should do political education and work with issue based, socialist organizations, and invite speakers to facilitate discussions, while building consensus around what needs to be done in the workplace and fighting on behalf of their fellow workers ferociously.
by ekjhgkejhgk | 2025-12-12 19:03:16+00:00
What do you mean by "falsifiable"?

Do you mean that have been falsified? Of course, no standing theory delivers falsified predictions, when that happens you throw the theory in the garbage.

Do you mean that can be falsified in principle? In that case String Theory has falsifiable predictions, I gave you one. In principle, we can make experiment that would falsify special relativity. In fact, we've made such experiments in the past and those experiments have never seen special relativity being violated. The test of special relativity are the most precise tests existing in science.
by loa_observer | 2025-12-12 19:03:32+00:00
duckdb is super fast for analytic tasks, especially when u use it with visual eda tool like pygwalker. it allows u handles millions of data visuals and eda in seconds.

but i would say, comparing duckdb and sqlite is a little bit unfair, i would still use sqlite to build system in most of cases, but duckdb only for analytic. you can hardly make a smooth deployment if you apps contains duckdb on a lot of platform
by johannes1234321 | 2025-12-12 19:04:22+00:00
They cut quite a lot projects and side products (from tweet deck to different statistics and insights to ads), some other things they scaled down a lot (in the past one could read everything without being signed in, now they limit to sign in users, which certainly takes a lot of load and thus need to keep systems running)

Also initially they had a lot of breakage.
by MomsAVoxell | 2025-12-12 19:04:56+00:00
In my opinion its: Village life. Germany is a state of small villages/towns/cities/city-states, interconnected with fairly productive lines of communication - but it is very easy to live ones entire life in a German village and never leave.

At village scales, authoritarianism is given more credence by the individual because ones life boundaries are reduced to the immediate environment, which is not really sustainable without structured hierarchy.

Incidentally, this is also a factor in why American’s adopt authoritarianism so rapidly as well - spending 3 hours of ones life in a bubble, on the freeway, commuting, is extremely damaging to ones psyche. Road-rage and neighbor hatred abound in such circumstances.

The solution to authoritarianism is travel beyond ones bounds. The roots of totalitarian-authoritarianism grow deeply in the desire to be free of the ‘filth of others’ - once you expand your horizons to embrace that ‘filth of others’, through travel and cultural interaction, that ‘filth of others’ becomes ‘the flavor of others’ instead.

This is easily demonstrated: talk to a German who has never left their home town/talk to a German who regularly visits vastly different parts of the world. You will see the authoritarian in the former, but the libertarian in the latter.
by amarant | 2025-12-12 19:05:06+00:00
The article is not wrong, but I feel like the polytree restraint is a bit forced, and perhaps not the most important concern.

You really need to consider why you want to use micro services rather than a monolith, and how to achieve those goals.

Here's where I'll get opinionated: the main advantage micro services have over a monolith is the unique failure modes they enable. This might sound weird at first, but bear with me. First of all, there's an uncomfortable fact we need to accept: your web service will fail and fall over and crash. Doesn't matter if you're Google or Microsoft or whatever, you will have failures, eventually. So we have to consider what those failures will look like, and in my book, microservices biggest strength is that, if built correctly, they fail more gracefully than monoliths.

Say you're targeted by a DDOS attack. You can't really keep a sufficiently large DDOS from crashing your API, but you can do damage control. To use an example I've experienced myself, where we foresaw an attack happening (it came fairly regularly, so it was easy to predict) and managed to limit the damage it did to us.

The DDOS targeted our login API. This made sense because most endpoints required a valid token, and without a token the request would be ignored with very little compute wasted on our end. But requests against /login had to hit a database pretty much every time.

We switched to signed JWT for Auth, and every service that exposed an external API had direct access to the public key needed to validate the signatures. This meant that if the Auth service went down, we could still validate tokens. Logged in users were unaffected.

Well, just add predicted, the Auth service got ddosed, and crashed. Even with auto scaling pods, and a service startup time of less than half a second, there was just no way to keep up with the sudden spike. The database ran out of connections, and that was pretty much it for our login service.

So, nobody could login for the duration of the attack, but everyone who was already logged in could keep using our API's as if nothing had happened. Definitely not great, but an acceptable cost, given the circumstances.

Had we used a monolith instead, every single API would've gone down, instead of just the Auth ones.

So, what's the lesson here? Services that expose external API's should be siloed, such that a failure in one, or it's dependencies, does not affect other API's. A polytree can achieve this, but it's not the only way to do it. And for internal services the considerations are different, I'd even go so far as to say simpler. Just be careful to make sure that any internal service than can be brought down by an attack on an external one, doesn't bring other external services down with it.

So rather than a polytree, strive for siloes, or as close to them as you can manage. When you can't make siloes, consider either merging services, or create deliberate weak-points to contain damage
Show HN: CatalystAlert V2 – Added ML pred to my free biotech catalyst tracker
by nykodev | 2025-12-12 19:05:08+00:00
A week ago I posted CatalystAlert here and someone asked about the AI version. It's done.

*What's new in V2:*

1. *ML Impact Predictor* (XGBoost) - Trained on 448 historical catalyst patterns (2015-2025) - Direction accuracy: 76.67% - Magnitude MAE: 3.09% - Top features: catalyst_type (0.649), price_momentum_30d (0.149), volatility_30d (0.110)

2. *Likelihood of Approval (LOA) scores* - Random Forest model - Based on phase, indication, company track record

3. *Optimal Entry Predictor* - Suggests when to enter before a catalyst - Analyzes pre-catalyst price patterns

4. *Smart Money Score* (-100 to +100) - Combines SEC Form 4 insider trades + 13F institutional holdings - Flags unusual activity near catalyst dates

5. *Auto-retraining* - Weekly cron job retrains models - Drift detection triggers retraining if accuracy drops

*Technical details:* - ML Service: Python FastAPI + XGBoost/Random Forest - Training data: 1,884 catalysts, 490K stock price rows, 727 tickers - Deployed on VPS with Docker Compose - Models stored in Docker volume, hot-reloaded

*What stayed free:* - 992 companies, 2,192 drugs, full catalyst calendar - SEC insider filings, EMA Europe coverage - Twitter bot posts movers 3x daily (@catalystalert)

The class distribution in training data is skewed (73.7% positive outcomes) which inflates accuracy. Working on balancing techniques.

Questions I'm wrestling with: - Is 76% accuracy actually useful for trading decisions? - Should I open-source the ML pipeline? - What would make the predictions more trustworthy?

Original post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46189127

catalystalert.io
Show HN: Myra – Oberon-inspired language, transpiles to C++23 via Zig
by tinyBigGAMES | 2025-12-12 19:05:12+00:00
Ever dreamed of having your own programming language stripped of all the accumulated complexity? Something minimal and focused, just the essential tools you actually need. Inspired by Oberon, I wanted seamless access to the entire C/C++ ecosystem. No wrapper libraries. No tedious bindings. No friction. Just point it at any C or C++ library and use it. Mix both languages freely in the same source file if you want. For the longest time, it was just a dream. So, I built it.

Myra transpiles to C++23 and compiles to native executables via Zig's bundled clang. It has 45 keywords and 9 built-in types. The core philosophy is "if it's not Myra, it's C++." You can mix in C++ two ways: inline within expressions and statements, call std::cout << "hello", use static_cast<int>(x), invoke raylib or ImGui directly, or use #startcpp / #endcpp blocks for unrestricted C++ like #include directives. No FFI layer, no marshalling.

Ships self-contained: Zig toolchain, LLDB debugger, raylib, and a preconfigured VSCodium. Unzip and it works.

First public alpha. Happy to answer questions about the design, the transpilation approach, or the journey to get here.
by vkou | 2025-12-12 19:05:29+00:00
No, because if you're directly eating whatever is being grown, the carbon is in a closed cycle. (Feedstock -> Your food -> You -> Air you exhale -> Plants turn it into feedstock.)

CO2 is not really a 'sustainability' problem for food production, because food production and consumption is steady state.[1] Methane is somewhat of a problem (Because it's a potent greenhouse gas that is not part of the food chain, but does eventually break down), but also eventually reaches a steady state, where you add emit it as quickly as it breaks down.

The bigger sustainability problem for food production comes from non-steady-state, non-reversible actions. Burning down a rainforest to permanently turn it into pasture[1]. Overfarming a plot of land, and exhausting all the nutrients from it.

----

[1] Using fossil-fuel diesel-powered machinery to grow, harvest, and transport food, however, is not steady-state. That is a sustainability issue for food production. Fortunately, it's a very small part of overall human GHG emissions.

[2] Do enough of that, and this is irreversible - you can't ever turn that pasture back into rainforest, because you need existing rainforest to bootstrap new rainforest.