MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by mnemotronic | 2025-12-23 07:05:22+00:00
Can infrared energy be reflected like light? What would a good reflector be? (THEORETICALLY) Would a parabolic dish over this facility be able to focus the heat to a single point and, if so, what would the temp be? Is it additive? Like X joules of Y degrees over Z square meters focused down to 1 Sq cm?
by amluto | 2025-12-23 07:05:25+00:00
> For example, currently most Debian git repositories base their work in "pristine-tar" branches built from upstream tarball releases

I really wish all the various open source packaging systems would get rid of the concept of source tarballs to the extent possible, especially when those tarballs are not sourced directly from upstream. For example:

- Fedora has a “lookaside cache”, and packagers upload tarballs to it. In theory they come from git as indicated by the source rpm, but I don’t think anything verifies this.

- Python packages build a source tarball. In theory, the new best practice is for a GitHub action to build the package and for a complex mess to attest that really came from GitHub Actions.

- I’ve never made a Debian package, but AFAICT the maintainer kind of does whatever they want.

IMO this is all absurd. If a package hosted by Fedora or Debian or PyPI or crates.io, etc claims to correspond to an upstream git commit or release, then the hosting system should build the package, from the commit or release in question plus whatever package-specific config and patches are needed, and publish that. If it stores a copy of the source, that copy should be cryptographically traceable to the commit in question, which is straightforward: the commit hash is a hash over a bunch of data including the full source!
Ask HN: How to generate Work From Home Opportunities in a locality?
by deostroll | 2025-12-23 07:05:44+00:00
How to create work from home opportunities in the locality you live? How to generate leads for this? My first thought was something like digitalization of the public courts. It is a tall order. There are many aspects to this; and primarily I think this is a "short-term work". But what are simpler WFH jobs people can do? In many countries I am sure we can see ads, but, they are hard to trust. What can generate trust? Something like, "it is backed by the city council, or, mayor". Is it impossible? Just wanted various viewpoints on this. When can opportunities come? How to seek them? Etc.
by ColinEberhardt | 2025-12-23 07:07:44+00:00
“When an LLM can generate a working high-quality implementation in a single try, that is called one-shotting. This is the most efficient form of LLM programming.”

This is a good article, but misses one of the most important advances this year - the agentic loop.

There are always going to be limits to how much code a model can one-shot. Give it the ability to verify its changes and iterate, massively increase its ability to write sizeable chunks of verified and working code.
by fatbrowndog | 2025-12-23 07:08:07+00:00
his formula:
α⁻¹ = (4π³ + π² + π) - (α/24)

α⁻¹ = 137.0359996
Experimental (CODATA): 137.0359991
Δ: < 0.005 ppm

Critical Problem: This is CIRCULAR
The formula is:
α⁻¹ = S - (α/24)

But α appears on both sides! This is not a closed-form solution.
To solve it, you need:
α⁻¹ = S - (α/24)
α⁻¹ + α/24 = S
α⁻¹(1 + 1/(24·α⁻¹)) = S
This requires knowing α already to solve for α. It's circular.
by anovikov | 2025-12-23 07:10:05+00:00
That's a much smaller issue than it sounds, Ukraine produces millions of drones without any Chinese components at all except magnets for electric motors, and li-poly cells. Certainly no Chinese electronics. Even lenses for thermal optics are now Ukrainian-made. They don't even come out as much more expensive anymore - there's still some slight price gap but not a considerable one.

Having Chinese drones in the sky is a risk. Having a dependency on their supply is another risk.
by baobun | 2025-12-23 07:13:54+00:00
I see this distinction mentioned from time to time and it doesn't make sense to me. IMO, your actions not being tracable to your identity is privacy. In this framing, anonymity is part of privacy. You desire anonymity because of the privacy it gives you. Which is not to say that anonymity is always required for privacy though it tends to strengthen it.

Similarly, sometimes people say there's a tradeoff between security and privacy, which doesn't make sense since privacy (confidentiality) is one dimension of information security.

If you still disagree, could you attempt at defining privacy and anonymity and how you can prioritize meaningful anonymity without caring about privacy?
by jez | 2025-12-23 07:14:14+00:00
I have maintained a pandoc filter in Haskell for a while. Pandoc is written in Haskell, and so takes a similar approach: JSON API for arbitrary languages, but with a library for trivially parsing that JSON back into the same Haskell datatype that Pandoc uses under the hood.

When you sit down to write the filter for the first time, it’s amazing. You’re using a typed IR that’s well documented, a language that catches you when you’re making mistakes, etc. You have to do very little boring grunt work and focus only on what the filter needs to do.

Over time, the filter became feature complete, so I didn’t want to have to touch it anymore, but the library for parsing JSON releases a new version for every new feature in the AST, and the parsing function checks that the version your filter was compiled with is at least as new as the pandoc that produced the JSON. It has to, because if the pandoc is newer, your older filter won’t know how to parse some of the nodes.

My filter is feature complete, and shouldn’t need to look at those nodes or their new fields: needing to upgrade is just toil. But over time, pandoc releases new versions, and I’d need to recompile the filter to build the new version. At those points, I also found myself having to deal with library, build tool, OS, or compiler upgrades, all to recompile a filter that should need to be.

Eventually I switched to Pandoc lua filters, which eliminated the toil while also being platform agnostic (and not requiring any sort of notarization or executable quarantine on enterprise systems) at the expense of having to tolerate Lua the language. Now, new versions of Pandoc don’t require me to boop a version number in my filter. If that wasn’t an option, for any future filters I write, I’d write my own JSON parser that only parses as much of the JSON as I needed, leaving the rest untouched—that way it wouldn’t matter if new changes came along. I could even tolerate backwards incompatible changes as long as they didn’t alter the contract of the narrow focus of that one filter!

There are of course other ways to deal with problems like these (protocol buffers, JSON parsing with an option to throw away unrecognized JSON, etc. etc.)

I have not looked at how mdBook plugins handle this. But if I were writing such a plugin, it’s the first thing I’d look at, and be sure to program around.
by NedF | 2025-12-23 07:15:52+00:00
> Canada is a big factor

Total utter bullshit.

What are your figures as a percentage of total production of Jim Beam goes to Canada?

Or do you just say random garbage like an early LLM?

The US's multiyear slump is enough to 'justify' the temporary stoppage, along with if 'no one is being fired' why is production expected to greatly be reduced?

This is a rubbish BBC article with rubbish Hacker News comments.
by throwaway290 | 2025-12-23 07:16:10+00:00
For this to be actually tech related it needs to have more interesting technical details. Otherwise it's like any other pirated movie and limitations of free speech story (it is always "censorship" or "good thing" depending on what speech particular person dislikes because of their political party)

3 hours ago I was against flagging these posts but after discussions in this thread I can see that it brings out the most insanity/flamebait/unconstructive/petty HN people and I fully support flagging these posts. No thoughtful conversation will happen
by jb1991 | 2025-12-23 07:16:33+00:00
If you look at the actual harmonics of a string and of horn, you will see how wrong you are. There is a reason why they sound different to the ear.

It’s because of this that you can have a relatively inexpensive synthesizer (not sample or PCM based) that does a crude job of mimicking these different instruments by just changing the harmonics.
by armcat | 2025-12-23 07:16:35+00:00
The promise is similar to LLMs, if you pretrain on sufficiently large timeseries datasets with sufficiently large variance/characteristics, that you will be able to transfer the model to a completely different use case that exhibits somewhat similar characteristics (in latent space). But it’s always good to check what kind of data the model was trained on, eg Chronos 2.0 training data is described in Appendix A Table 6 here: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.15821
by dirkt | 2025-12-23 07:16:45+00:00
I still find it very curious that after Russia invaded Ukraine, now Trump is using rhetoric that makes it look like the US is ready to invade some other country, too, they just have not decided on the victim yet.

And of course "start a war with another country" is an excellent example of how to control your country in case you have to, because, say, elections are coming up and you may loose.
by palmotea | 2025-12-23 07:16:51+00:00
> The primary goal of the Trump administration is to destroy American manufacturing. They don't want factories, hence all the tariffs.

The goal of the Trump administration is to rebuild American manufacturing, but the impression I get is the people who they have designing the polices are kinda like stopped clocks: right about how free trade dogma was wrong, but lacking the competence to effectively move the needle in the other direction (and favoring bold, impulsive, and ultimately self-defeating action).

Also, I feel like there are weird echos of libertarianism here: they've become comfortable with some long-taboo sticks, but are still so psychotically opposed to government programs that the necessary carrots are nowhere to be found. Like tariff revenues should be getting plowed back into subsidies for new domestic manufacturing in strategic industries.
by comfysocks | 2025-12-23 07:18:36+00:00
True, but both SK and Taiwan had always wanted to be more aligned with the West as they needed to be under the US defense umbrella. The liberalization could only come after gaining stability.

On the other hand, China has always sought to regain what it considers to be its rightful place as a first world power and to recover from its “century of humiliation.”

I think the CCP has been pretty consistent in this stance. Policy makers in the West that didn’t notice were blinded by corporate wishful thinking.
by andriamanitra | 2025-12-23 07:21:02+00:00
Corruption and nepotism does not get much more blatant than this. The president's son is involved in one of the American drone companies that stand to gain the most from this policy. Their investor presentation boasts about regulations as the first bullet point under the title "Our competitive advantage".

[1] https://www.forbes.com/sites/zacheverson/2025/10/29/donald-t...

[2] https://www.unusualmachines.com/about-us/company-presentatio...
by Snild | 2025-12-23 07:21:23+00:00
Rebasing would mean there's no continuous versioning of the "patches on top", which might be undesirable. Also, the history rewriting might make cooperation difficult.

Merges would avoid those problems, but are harder to do if there are lots of conflicts, as you can't fix conflicts patch by patch.

Perhaps a workflow based on merges-of-rebases or rebase-and-overwrite-merge would work, but I don't think it's fair to say "oh just rebase".
by tverbeure | 2025-12-23 07:21:28+00:00
I don’t see how CPLDs solve anything?

You write RTL for them just like you do for FPGAs, you need to configure them as well. The only major benefit is that they don’t have a delay between power up and logic active? But that’s not something that would make a difference for most people.

CPLDs are also a dying breed and being replaced with FPGAs that have parallel on-board flash to allow fast configuration after power up. (e.g. MAX10)
by m463 | 2025-12-23 07:21:35+00:00
People seem to think this is anti-competitive.

But these companies have interposed themselves between purchasers and their drones. You have to activate your drone using an app, the apps have been connecting back to china since the early DJI products, and with an update they could just fly away.

Seriously, why do people need an account to activate/fly?
by vx_r | 2025-12-23 07:21:53+00:00
I am afraid that the same thing is happening in South Korea right now. This is a cry for help.

"Lawmakers would go on to formally approve the national security law, essentially a foregone conclusion, about three weeks later. The legislation broadly criminalized political dissent and hamstrung the civil liberties that once distinguished Hong Kong from mainland China. A defense of those freedoms—which were already under increasing attack—had come to define Lai's legacy. Lai not only unapologetically advanced democracy and free expression in the region, but he also met with then–Vice President Mike Pence and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo; at trial, Lai testified that he had asked them to voice their support for Hong Kong. He knew the law was coming, and he knew what it meant for him."

The same 'National Security Law' will pass soon.
Who decides what's right or wrong? It defeats freedom of speech.
by mikewarot | 2025-12-23 07:21:59+00:00
An FPGA is like a spreadsheet for bits that can recalculate at hundreds of millions of times per second.

It's a declarative programming system, and there's a massive impedance match when you try to write source code for it in text. I suspect that something closer to flow charts, would be much easier to grok. Verilog is about as good at match as you are likely to get, if you stick with the source code approach to designing with them.
by nolok | 2025-12-23 07:22:48+00:00
This is such a weird comment, the article is posted without commentary, and describe a very simple fact. How does you go from that to "hn is out of touch"...

As an aside, while alcohol will definitely remain a staple of sales, it's declining in several key sector. Even here in France. Which is also something we should be happy about, despite the obvious economic woes to be faced from that change.
by watwut | 2025-12-23 07:27:22+00:00
The school did not even tried. They just assumed the girl lied. When they found out the bullying was true and that girl tried to report it ... they still expelled the girl and let boys be.

The school had better options available.

I will go out and say that the school simply played out traditional believes. First, punishing victim to striking back or defending himself/herself is easier, victim should not make noise. And second, boys matter more, it is normal boyhood for them to bully girls who are reaching above their station if they defend themselves.

The first belief is non gendered, applies to any victim.
by sandworm101 | 2025-12-23 07:28:05+00:00
>> why do people need an account to activate/fly?

So when they find your drone crashed into the Whitehouse lawn, they can track it back to you rather than rely on you to phone in a confession.

https://slate.com/technology/2015/03/white-house-lawn-drone-...

> The 31-year-old Usman lost control of a Phantom FC40 drone owned by a friend early that morning, and telephoned his employers and the Secret Service to report the incident when he learned the small model aircraft had been found on the White House grounds.
by tverbeure | 2025-12-23 07:28:07+00:00
Define “upmarket” ?

For me, that means higher capacity and advanced blocks such as SERDES, high-speed DRAM interfaces etc.

The bottleneck in using these kind of FPGAs has rarely been the tools, it’s the amount of time it takes to write and verify correct RTL. That’s not an FPGA specific problem, it applies to ASIC just the same.

I don’t see how GoWin and other alternative brands would be better placed to solve that problem.
by arjie | 2025-12-23 07:28:10+00:00
If I'm being honest, I regret every passkey I ever made. With my old flow, I knew when to use my Yubikey, when to use my OTP, and when to use SMS 2FA. With the new flow, these things say "use your passkey" and I don't know where in god's name I did this. If I did this on my iPhone in a WebUI that popped up when I followed a link to buy something, then it's never going to be on Chrome or Bitwarden.

I've decided to stop adding new ones. I'll just OTP 2FA. It's simple, reliable, and I can keep it in Bitwarden safely.
by trymas | 2025-12-23 07:29:06+00:00
> We need a shift in the constitutional order where the whims of one person isnt fused with the bureaucracy

Correct me if I'm wrong, though there are already protections there. It's just president, senate, congress, SCOTUS all agree on this.

IMHO - most effective constitutional change would be to get rid of first past the post election system, electoral colleges, gerrymandering, etc. I think USA's two party system made it to the place where it is right now, seemingly on the verge of turning into one-party system.
by bobim | 2025-12-23 07:31:06+00:00
Getting the US through the skull bone is next to impossible due to the acoustic impedance mismatch with surrounding tissues. As a stranger I'm deeply sorry for your situation, and thought your question should be answered somehow...

If you want to dig a little bit, the team of Mathias Fink in Paris explored "time reversal" techniques to get through the skull: one have to emmit from the tumor location, listen with a huge array, reverse the signature and blast. I don't know if this ended with a medical device.

Take care.
by theshrike79 | 2025-12-23 07:31:24+00:00
The best quote I've heard about this is: "Replace tasks not jobs".

Use AI to automate the boring shit so you can focus on the stuff that matters.

That throwaway texture that's on one model in the tutorial doesn't need days of focused work, so have the AI whip something up. Now your artist has two extra days for key art that's more visible.
by jcgl | 2025-12-23 07:32:39+00:00
- Devices using SLAAC (idk about DHCPv6) do a thing called Duplicate Address Detection to manage just this. No need to worry. If you’re manually assigning addresses and have a conflict, one of the devices will mark its address(es) as duplicate and refuse to use them. Quite useful.

- Easiest is to use your devices’ public (“global unicast”) addresses and allow traffic on your firewall. This is how IP was meant to be used; no NAPT in sight. If you like, you can use ULAs locally and then do NPTv6 for internet-facing access. But I’d recommend against that to start.

Regarding the services, there’s not really anything IPv6 specific. Whether v4 or v6, you shouldn’t be exposing SMB to the internet. Whether v4 or v6, you can put any IP-based service behind Wireguard or any other tunneling solution. There’s nothing specific to v6 there; just use v6 addresses in your config, and you’ll be good to go.

- Basically the same way as with v4; IP (whether v4 or v6) have mostly the same semantics in their layer (layer 3). The only thing is that you’ll want to allow certain kinds of ICMPv6 traffic, assuming your firewall vendor doesn’t do that out of the box. When it comes to VLANs, that’s layer 2, so your layer 3 protocol doesn’t play any role there.

Network segmentation is way more fun with v6 because you have enough address space to make nice hierarchical topologies.
by db48x | 2025-12-23 07:33:11+00:00
AC current paralyzes by alternately contracting and relaxing your muscles, 60 times per second. This tends to lock you in place because the electricity is a higher voltage than your nerves and overrides any command you send every 60th of a second. It could take you several minutes to die, and you will be suffering in pain and terror the whole time as you are unable to let go…

DC current jolts you “across the room“ by contracting your muscles all at once. Of course the exact effect depends on your posture; sometimes it just makes you stand upright or pull your arms in. This tends to disconnect you from the source of the electricity, limiting the damage. Note that if you cannot actually jump all the way across the room then the jolt probably can’t knock you all the way across the room either. If you fall over your head could end up pretty far away from where it started, though, and if you lose consciousness even for a little while then that can affect your perception too. It could certainly throw the screwdriver all the way across the room.

If you pay attention to the special effects that show up in movies and television you’ll soon realize that they simulate shocks by putting the actor in a harness and then pulling on it suddenly. This sudden movement away from the source of the “shock” stops looking very convincing when you notice that the movement starts at their torso rather than in their legs and arms.
by mschuster91 | 2025-12-23 07:33:31+00:00
> Seriously, why do people need an account to activate/fly?

Theft, for one. Anything that can be re-sold secondhand with no way for the owner to verify it hasn't been stolen will get stolen and re-sold for drug money.

You don't hear mass reports from hobos attacking people for their iPhones any more ever since Apple introduced Activation Lock and Find My, for example. Yes, there still are professionals shipping stolen devices off to China to be parted out and yes, I think we should hold China accountable because there's more than enough evidence at that point, but still, it has drastically cut back on the everyday thefts and robberies.

Same thing along supply chains. A container full of expensive things, no matter if it's drones, laptops, phones or sneakers, is a very attractive thing for insiders - but devices needing activation are, assuming a supply chain able to track serial numbers of devices inside containers, effectively worthless other than for parts and Apple is even cutting in on that "market". In contrast, you have routine train heists for millions of dollars worth in sneakers [1].

For drones specifically, accountability. Governments are sick and tired of consumer drones flown by morons completely ignoring the law. There's old models without remote-id still around from the old days, but eventually these will all die out and by then, law enforcement has at least some way of holding people accountable.

[1] https://www.sneakerfreaker.com/news/la-train-heist-sneakers-...
by trymas | 2025-12-23 07:35:14+00:00
Only reason is that orange mussolini does not like seeing wind turbines. That's it.

He sees them on Scotland's shores while flying to his resort - like a child he needs to have a personal vendetta on something he does not like, especially now when he has power to do it. God forbid he will need to see such monsters on God loving free country of US of A.
Show HN: Aluo – AI product photo and ecommerce image editor
by ivanvolt | 2025-12-23 07:35:44+00:00
Hi HN,

I’m the maker of Aluo.
It’s an AI product photo and ecommerce image editor.

Recently I’ve been doing a major rebuild of the product.
Some features are still being refined, but the core workflows for product images are already usable.

I’m sharing it here to get early feedback and learn from the community.
Happy to answer any questions.
by Gibbon1 | 2025-12-23 07:36:12+00:00
Reminds me of trying to do IoT stuff in hospitals before IoT was a thing.

Send exactly one 205 byte packet. How do you really know? I can see it go out on a scope. And the other end receives a packet with bytes 0-56. Then another packet with bytes 142-204. Finally a packet a 200ms later with bytes 57-141.

FfffFFFFffff You!
by Barathkanna | 2025-12-23 07:37:25+00:00
This is the part that doesn’t get enough attention. The real risk isn’t any single vendor, it’s the aggregation layer. Once ALPR, retail cams, traffic cams, ISP data, and vehicle telematics all land in one searchable system, the idea that this will be perfectly RBAC’d and jurisdictionally contained is fantasy. At that point it’s not policing tech, it’s a nationwide surveillance substrate held together by policy promises.