MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by mytailorisrich | 2025-12-16 09:48:05+00:00
I don't know the details history of the system's development, however I notice that with Kunrei everything spelling is neatly 2 characters while with Hepburn it may be 2 or 3 characters:

Kunrei: ki si ti ni hi mi

Hepburn: ki shi chi ni hi mi

The politics of the issue is obviously that Hepburn is older and an American system while Nihon and Kunrei are very purposely domestic (Nihon "is much more regular than Hepburn romanization, and unlike Hepburn's system, it makes no effort to make itself easier to pronounce for English-speakers" [1]). Apparently, Hepburn was later imposed by US occupying forces in 1945.

Perhaps 80 years is long enough and suitable to effect the change officially with no loss of face.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon-shiki
by sdoering | 2025-12-16 09:48:09+00:00
Can't think of a socialist country, but invite you to visit the German system. Significantly less costly for society and objectively better for the people falling ill (or just having a baby born).

And no, no lists, no lotteries or any of that other lies the conservative US media is spewing out to keep the masses pacified.

I strongly believe, that if US citizens were to experience German healthcare for a year and having to go back to the US system, that there would be riots. Because I don’t think anyone with first hand experience of both systems would ever want to return to the US system.
by johncolanduoni | 2025-12-16 09:48:31+00:00
Most browser extensions don’t need to insert script tags that point to arbitrary URLs on the internet. You can inject scripts that are bundled with the extension (you don’t even need to use an actual script tag). This is one part of manifest v3 that I think was actually a good change - ad blockers don’t do this so I don’t think Google had an ulterior motive for this particular limitation.
by ndsipa_pomu | 2025-12-16 09:49:09+00:00
I daresay that the issue is less about "chemicals" and more about "new chemicals". If a substance already exists in nature and has been in use for a long time, then it's reasonable to take the position that it is probably within harm limits. If it's a newly synthesised/extracted substance, then it should be subject to reasonable testing.

Also, if a chemical is known to be toxic, then rigorous testing should be performed before allowing it to be widely distributed and used.
by curtisblaine | 2025-12-16 09:49:10+00:00
Something that I feel is missing in this conversation is that IMO a multi relay architecture like Nostr is not trying to solve moderation or remove it altogether: it's trying to make activist moderators less relevant.

Activists, in this case, are people with a social mission that they deem it's more important than any other considerations: they think ideology K is dangerous and they are trying to prevent as many as possible recipients to be exposed to it. They will report you on Threads or Facebook to ban you, if you speak in favor of K. They will send e-mails to your employer. They will even send bomb threats to venues where you gather to celebrate K. If they are moderators, they will not only ban you if mention K in a positive light, but they will try to avoid other people from hearing K-speech as well. If they run a Mastodon instance, for example, they will have a ban list of other instances that are K-friendly, and they will make sure that, if you are using their instance, you can't see any posts about K. If you're curious about K, now you have to do the inconvenient dance of switching between two instances that in theory should be federated, but in practice are two different networks that don't speak with each other. This is good for activists, but bad for you, if you don't want to take sides on a culture war you don't really care about.

A relay-based architecture makes the work of activists a bit less relevant: they can still run their instance and ban every mention of K, of course, but now you can subscribe to their instance AND another instance that doesn't ban people who speak fondly of K, and they can't limit or control that in any way. In theory (and everything is a bit theoretical at the moment), relays that heavily censor certain topics are less preferable to a generic public than relays that don't do that, so activist moderators will pay their effort to shape discourse with less participation from users. Of course, if relays ban something universally considered bad, such as spam, they will have more success than if they ban some heavily divisive point of view that 50% of the public shares. In theory, these controversial actors can even advertise friendly relays without you knowing, and your client can decide to follow them transparently (the intent is "I want content from this user", the behaviour is "follow relays they advertise behind the scenes"). Of course they have to do that before they're banned, but the point is that, for every activist relay that tries to remove K from public discourse, there will always be one or more generalist or counter-activist relay that welcomes K, and you can choose to follow both at the same time, with the same client and the same identity, and nobody can do a damn thing about it.
by Agraillo | 2025-12-16 09:49:45+00:00
Thanks, the last fetched page on archive.org is from 2025-01-26 [1], removed after this date and before 2025-02-13. 155,477 users at the moment, 1 star reviews were mostly about not working. It's interesting that the developers didn't care to remove the button directing to the ff add-on page at least several months after the removal. Maybe was some kind of PR compromise, they probably thought that listing it with linking to a broken page was better than not listing at all.

A review page [2] mentions that this add-on is a peer-to-peer vpn, not having its own dedicated servers that already makes it suspicious.

[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20250126133131/https://addons.mo...

[2] https://www.vpnmentor.com/reviews/urban-vpn/
by anovick | 2025-12-16 09:49:56+00:00
I understood it that way too. Only that it fails in that interpretation.

Just because currently the most popular method for parsing JSDoc utilizes TypeScript-related tooling doesn't mean we should associate them with each other.

To my previous example, an ISO C++ can be compiled by GCC but also can be compiled by Clang (and many other compilers).
by ArkhamMirror | 2025-12-16 09:51:31+00:00
I got tired of expensive SaaS tools that want my sensitive documents in their cloud. I built ArkhamMirror to do forensic document analysis 100% locally, free and open source.

What makes this different:

Air-gapped: Zero cloud dependencies. Uses local LLMs via LM Studio (Qwen, etc.)

ACH Methodology: Implements the CIA's "Analysis of Competing Hypotheses" technique which forces you to look for evidence that disproves your theories instead of confirming them

Corpus Integration: Import evidence directly from your documents with source links

Sensitivity Analysis: Shows which evidence is critical, so if it's wrong, would your conclusion change?

The ACH feature just dropped with an 8-step guided workflow, AI assistance at every stage, and PDF/Markdown/JSON export with AI disclosure flags. It's better than what any given 3-lettered agency uses.

Tech stack: Python/Reflex (React frontend), PostgreSQL, Qdrant (vectors), Redis (job queue), PaddleOCR, Spacy NER, BGE-M3 embeddings.

All MIT licensed. Happy to answer questions about the methodology or implementation! Intelligence for anyone.

Links: Repo https://github.com/mantisfury/ArkhamMirror

ACH guide with screenshots at https://github.com/mantisfury/ArkhamMirror/blob/reflex-dev/d...
by dragonwriter | 2025-12-16 09:51:58+00:00
> You can't respond to a racist with sarcasm because anyone listening will just think you agree with them.

You absolutely can, if you are actually dealing with people listening, because sarcasm is signalled with (among other things) tone (the other things include the listeners contextual knowledge of the speaker.)

You can't do it online, in text, where the audience is mostly strangers who would have to actively dig into your history to get any contextual sense of you as a speaker, because text doesn't carry tone, and the other cues are missing, too.

And by “you can’t”, I mean “you absolutely can, but you have to be aware of the limitations of the medium and take care to use the available tools to substitute for the missing signalling channels”.
by pavlov | 2025-12-16 09:53:50+00:00
For a country with a $4.5 trillion GDP, a 6 billion deficit is a drop in the bucket and easily covered from taxes. It’s just a political question of what you want to fund.

For comparison, the New York City public transport system (MTA) runs a deficit of about $3 billion. Six billion for universal healthcare in a country of 83.5 million people seems like a total bargain.
by KingMob | 2025-12-16 09:53:52+00:00
> It is a smell for incompetent legacy research in this domain.

Wild to hear. At the time, almost everybody in the field used it. The then-dominant fMRI package (SPM) and EEG/MEG package (Fieldtrip) were both open-source Matlab. (I think I knew one prof who used BrainVoyager, and that's because he hired a former BV employee as an RA.)
by orwin | 2025-12-16 09:54:19+00:00
Strong and prosperous economy built by progressive tax rate that used to tax up to 70% of non-work income, and now tax most of it 27-29% (depending on the corporate taxe of the state). The people who can use loopholes to avoid income taxes also pay reduced consumption tax (they usually pay the 'Use tax' rather than sale tax in the US, and can basically ignore VAT in Europe).
by owenlacey | 2025-12-16 09:54:34+00:00
Thank you! This is consistent with feedback I got from the pudding, and is ultimately the reason they didn't go ahead with the post. I tried reverse-engineering the information-theory approach to try see what sort of decisions it made.

I noticed that for any match up score of X, the following match up would keep exactly X pairs in common. So if they scored 4/10 one week, they would change 6 couples before the next one. Employing that approach alone performed worse than the contestants did in real life, so didn't think it was worth mentioning!
by ErroneousBosh | 2025-12-16 09:55:09+00:00
> It's expected for military operations to fly without transponder

It's been a problem specifically with US military aircraft for years that they just wander into other people's airspace with transponders off and expect to have it all to themselves.

We should just start shooting down anything big enough to need a transponder that is not using one. Doesn't matter who's in it, doesn't matter what it's for.
by consp | 2025-12-16 09:55:50+00:00
Depending on the contaminants, it's more likely a few degrees below 0C but you point still stands. Fish are removed as contaminant but minerals and pollution likely is not.

And normal water takes quite a bit of heat extraction to actually freeze if at 0C, maybe the device does not even extract enough. But you want to be on the safe side of course since clogging up your heat exchanger with ice (which expands) is not great.

(edit: and as noted in other reply pressure is a thing)
by vessenes | 2025-12-16 09:55:56+00:00
Jusssst had this conversation two nights ago with a smart drunk friend. To his credit when I asked "what's heat?" and he said "molecules moving fast" and I said "how many molecules are there in space to bump against?" He immediately got it. I'm always curious what ideas someone that isn't familiar with a problem space comes up with for solutions, so I canvased him for thoughts -- nothing novel, unfortunately, but if we get another 100 million people thinking about it, who knows what we'll come up with?
by cjs_ac | 2025-12-16 09:55:58+00:00
> The RFC approach has several advantages over verbal alignment. First of all, it is more precise. The need to write forces the author to clearly structure their thoughts into a coherent logical narrative. While writing, the author has time to examine their proposed solution from different angles and clearly see pros and cons of it.

> Another advantage of the document over verbal explanation is that a well-written RFC leaves little room for misinterpretation. It can include diagrams, examples, or calculations to illustrate and support the idea.

> Finally, we can return and reread the RFC later. Human memory is unreliable; already after a day, details that were crystal clear in one’s mind start to get blurry. When these details are written down, it is easy to review them at any time.

‘You have to write things down, because spoken words disappear into the air,’ was one of the first bits of feedback I received in my teacher training.

> The most common objection is that writing proposals is “a waste of time” compared to writing code.

The extra time spent writing is actually spent thinking.
by ozornin | 2025-12-16 09:56:32+00:00
I totally agree.

At first, I started writing a book about very practical, hands-on debugging practices, but quickly realized that the "mix of tools and best practices" you're talking about is a much more valuable skill, as well as bug prioritization, and even bug reporting.

So, as a result, catching errors early, type guarding, logging to debug asynchronous operations, and error tracking are all major parts of the book.
by uplifter | 2025-12-16 09:57:19+00:00
These data centers are solar powered, right? So if they are absorbing 100% of the energy on their sun side, by default they'll be able to heat up as much as an object left in the sun, which I assume isn't very hot compared to what they are taking in. How do they crank their temperature up so as to get the Stefan Boltzmann law working in their favor?

I suppose one could get some sub part of the whole satellite to a higher temperature so as to radiate heat efficiently, but that would itself take power, the power required to concentrate heat which naturally/thermodynamically prefers to stay spread out. How much power does that take? I have no idea.
by curtisblaine | 2025-12-16 09:58:14+00:00
That's true. The hope is that users will favor generalist / unbiased relays (less fragmentation by design) rather than heavily biased / restricted ones. Maybe even fund them: I will pay you as long as you don't start banning large swathes of the network just because you don't like what they say.

Users you follow can also advertise relays behind the scenes, so it's more probable that, if you follow a coherent set of users, you will converge on a coherent subset of relays that doesn't really feel fragmented.
by cess11 | 2025-12-16 09:58:18+00:00
One of the main reasons for putting "compute" and "storage" in space is that it is out of reach for the general public and would allow for more stability in exceptionally intense tyranny.

It is much easier to blow things up on land than in space, and the 'negative externalities' simpler to make assumptions about.

The value of this to the people who would be in charge of this "compute" and "storage" is likely much larger than the difference in energy cost.
by jamdav16 | 2025-12-16 09:58:26+00:00
I am yet to see any western nations go bankrupt for universal healthcare.

I have three second-hand cancer experiences from family here in Australia (Dad, Mum and my half-sister - under 35/yo). All three were detected early thanks to regular checkups and screening (covered under Medicare), treated in major hospitals (Dad was in a rural hospital, Mum and half-sister in Metro major city hospitals) and are all alive and certainly not in debt. The biggest cost was parking at the hospital, drinks from the vending machine and the PBS medication (all PBS medicine costs $31.60 for adults, and $7.70 for concessions).

Any PBS medication has the full-cost price printed on the label for reference, more often than not the printed prices go from $300 - $2,000, but I remember that these aren't the full price anyway since our government collectively bargains for cheaper prices on OS medication).

I can't imagine having to pay for treatment AND the insane full price of medications, it must be so much more stressful for families going through cancer treatment.

Americans, don't let the media and your government tell you otherwise. Universal healthcare is cheaper [0] and more effective than whatever archaic system you have now.

I am so god damn proud of our system in Australia, it's not perfect, but damn it's so efficient for critical care, thank heavens for Medicare and the PBS.

Oh and for those that say "well doctors aren't paid very well"... they are. My brother-in-law is a surgeon and he's doing pretty well for himself, bought a new Audi last month for his wife, heading to Europe for a month-long holiday with his family and just moved into a new house.

[0] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.PC.CD?most_...
by aleks5678 | 2025-12-16 09:58:34+00:00
Wordoid2.com is a webapp that helps you come up with a catchy name for your product, company or domain. I built it as a the original wordoid app is discontinued.

Wordoid2 makes up new words that are unlikely to appear in a dictionary. It knows how to create words in several languages: English, Spanish, French and Italian at the moment. It is even able to create words in imaginary "languages", constructed by blending two or more real languages together.

I would appreciate your feedback!
by oliverchan2024 | 2025-12-16 09:58:46+00:00
I’ve been pairing with AI coding tools a lot, and kept running into the same problems:

- Every time I switch tools/models, I have to re-explain the project. - Specs live in my head or in random chat history. - The AI happily writes code, but there’s no clear “this is the task, this is how we verify it, this is how we log the change”.

SPEC-AGENTS.md is a tiny attempt to fix that.

You drop an `AGENTS.md` file (this repo) plus a small `.phrase/` folder into your project. That file tells the AI to:

- treat docs as the source of truth (`spec_`, `plan_`, `task_`, `change_`, `issue_`, `adr_`) - only tackle one atomic `taskNNN` per session - always write back what happened (what changed, how it was verified)

There’s no server, no binary, no tooling – it’s just conventions the AI is expected to follow. Any tool that can read files (CLI, editor plugin, chat with “read files” feature) can play along.

Rough loop:

1. You and the AI update `spec_` / `plan_` in `.phrase/phases/...` to describe what you want. 2. You break that into small `taskNNN` items, each with a clear output + verification step. 3. The AI implements one task, runs tests/manual checks, and tells you what it did. 4. It writes back to `task_` and `change_`, and updates `spec_` / `issue_` / `adr_*` if needed.

The README has an ASCII diagram and a small “dark mode toggle” example conversation to show what this looks like in practice. There’s also a Chinese section because I originally wrote this for my own projects.

This is still an experiment. It adds a bit of ceremony, so it’s probably overkill for one-off scripts, but it feels good for small projects where you want more structure without bringing in a full PM tool.

I’d love to know:

- Does this doc-first, one-task-per-session style match how you work with AI, or is it too much? - If you already use specs (OpenSpec, your own templates, etc.), would you keep this as a separate “AI contract”, or just integrate the ideas? - What’s missing for this to be useful in your day-to-day?
by hermanzegerman | 2025-12-16 09:59:34+00:00
10 Billions of that deficit are coming from the State paying insufficient contributions for unemployed insured people. It is a policy choice to offload those costs onto Publicly-Insured-People (excluding rich and healthy people) instead of funding them through taxes (including those groups).

The German Healthcare System also has some historically developed peculiarities that don't make much sense in today's age, but they are difficult to address without pissing people off (The duality of Private and Public Health Insurance, allowing the first one to get rich and very healthy people out of the risk pool, and then loopholes to switch back into the public system when they grow older and don't want to pay the then high prices in private insurance)

The Hospital Reform is already working to reduce costs by reducing the number of small hospitals, and concentrate them into bigger ones. (As a side effect, quality of care will increase too, since outcomes are correlated with experience)

Also more care will be shifted to outpatient setting.

Otherwise we are fighting with the demographic change. But these problems are also hurting all other developed nations including the US, where funding problems in Medicaid are also expected in the next decades

tl:dr We have problems due to the demographic change, but these are in line with other developed nations. There are some efforts to address them, but politicians are hesitant to do real reforms, because old people have the most voting power
by diegojromero | 2025-12-16 10:00:53+00:00
Sure, in my workflow I make use of mypy and ruff extensively (but ruff does not allow plugins). So I decided to create several plugins with the intention of improving the developer experience and understanding of the code.

Now, what I am asking is, could we expand this by having static annotations that enforce runtime behaviours before running the code? I'm not advocating for the removal of the tests or some manual testing phase, but in the same vein of type errors being shown in our IDE, could we have static checks like contracts for functions or class invariants?

Full disclaimer: I leveraged AI technologies to create them.
by ErroneousBosh | 2025-12-16 10:01:21+00:00
> ... modelling suggests the system will affect the average temperature of the river by less than 0.1C.

Okay, so that clears up the question I had, then. Not enough to make any appreciable difference.

There used to be a coal-fired power station on the east coast of Scotland, a little south of Edinburgh, Cockenzie, where the cooling loops dumped a huge plume of warm water into the sea. It was well-known as a local fishing spot, with surprisingly clean water flow detectable even a mile or so out from shore. That was several degrees warmer and definitely had a (possibly positive) influence on the ecology of the area - there were certainly a lot of interesting things swimming around there.
by samixg | 2025-12-16 10:02:15+00:00
https://mythos.so/

an AI-native book reader that actually understands what you’re reading.

You highlight text, and the app infers intent and surfaces the right actions inline.

Examples:

Highlight a confusing paragraph → auto-suggests questions like “what does this term mean?” or “how does this relate to earlier chapters?”

Highlight a name → instant character context (no spoilers)

Highlight an argument → concise breakdown, assumptions, counterpoints

It works across EPUBs, PDFs, and papers, and the core rule is: AI should be assistive, never intrusive. No prompts required, no context switching.

Built it because I read a lot of dense material and hated breaking flow.
by akho | 2025-12-16 10:03:00+00:00
Obsidian is an itertion on text notes. Too many waves of this over the years.

There is indeed a lot of hardware progress, including 3D printing, but also a general shift to laptops, need to sync with phones, much better connectivity, sufficient performance for good video, and high-density screens. Looking at the software I use vs what I used ~2005, most positive changes are due to that.
by embedding-shape | 2025-12-16 10:03:18+00:00
> Edit: I'm not sure about 64 km. The 64km is for the Curaçao departing flight, but Curaçao's airport is itself 80 km from Venezuela, and they headed north pretty immediately? I.e., … they would have never been < 80 km…?

If you take off from Curaçao and head like 10km west before you've actually left the island, you end up pretty much within 64km of Adicora, Venezuela. Probably what they meant I guess.