MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by rjmill | 2025-12-12 15:36:29+00:00
Odd, I don't see any mention of subprocess.run, the workhorse of python scripting.

Quick rundown for the unfamiliar:

Give it a command as a list of strings (e.g., subprocess.run(["echo", "foo"]).)

It takes a bunch of flags, but the most useful (but not immediately obvious) ones are:

check=True: Raise an error if the command fails capture_output=True: Captures stdout/stderr on the CompletedProcess text=True: Automatically convert the stdout/stderr bytes to strings

By default, subprocess.run will print the stdout/stderr to the script's output (like bash, basically), so I only bother with capture_output if I need information in the output for a later step.
by bennyp101 | 2025-12-12 15:36:33+00:00
Yep, I bought a separate all-in-one computer that is in the living room, in full view of everyone else, so we can keep an eye on what is going on when they are using it.

We also have pi-hole running that blocks a lot of things, and can turn on and off certain domains (so they can play roblox etc for a short while, then its blocked again) and their devices are pretty locked down
by horsawlarway | 2025-12-12 15:37:13+00:00
An alternate take here:

The "fancy" hardware is going to get dirt cheap, and in a game where you're asking your customer to trust you with their lives, reliability is going to win. Combine that with time to market, and Tesla feels like a pretty clear "risky bet" at best... Maybe they make it work, but they have to do it before the other companies make lidar cheap, and prices have fallen dramatically over the past 10 years, for much better hardware.
by delusional | 2025-12-12 15:37:19+00:00
Are we to assume that the people at the EFF haven't heard of how European nations, like Denmark, are building government infrastructure to verify your age without disclosing sensitive information?

Are we also at assume that the EFF fail to see the similarity of age-gating porn websites and age-gating entrance to strip clubs?

That doesn't seem likely to me, and I find it way more likely that the EFF is purposefully excluding the best argument against their chosen position.
by 6510 | 2025-12-12 15:37:33+00:00
It is not like we have a choice. I forgot to mention that people also have different eye sight which further complicates things. Some set the font so large half the apps fail to fit. Before many people had one I see someone browse using an enormous TV with very high resolution. The google adds sidebar lived on the other side of the room. % size images upscaled into a pizza of artifacts. There wasn't a website that looked the way intended. A funny I ran into once was Lubuntu system dialogs with the accept button below the screen. I've also seen enough print previews where one cant read the text. The use of colors with poor contrast only on some displays.

We are having a lot of fun pretending it is possible.
by gortok | 2025-12-12 15:37:36+00:00
My biggest complaints about search come from day-to-day uses:

I use search in my email pretty heavily, and I’m most interested in specific words in the email; and when those emails are from specific folks or a specific domain. But, the mobile version of Gmail produces different results than the mobile Outlook app than the desktop version of Gmail, and all of them are pretty terrible at search as it pertains to email.

I have a hard to getting them to pull up emails in search that I know exist, that I know have certain words, and I know have certain email addresses in the body.

I recognize a generalized searching mechanisms is going to get domain specific nuances wrong, but is it really so hard to make a search engine that works on email and email based attachments that no one cares enough to try?
by stevetron | 2025-12-12 15:38:33+00:00
I was setting up a small system to do web site serving. Mostly just experimental to try out some code. Like learning how to use nginx as a reverse proxy. And learing how to use dynamic dns services since I am on dynamic dns at home. Early-on, I discovered lot's of traffic, and lot's of hard drive activity. The HD activity was from logging. It seemed I was under incessant polling from china. Strange: It's a new dynamic url. I eventually got this down to almost nothing by setting up the firewall to reject traffic from China. That was, of course, before AI scrapers. I don't know what it would do, now.
by rzerowan | 2025-12-12 15:38:37+00:00
I mean most mobile devices have already accepted closed ROMs in their baseband and all/most browsers that try to interact with streaming sits require Widevine . As longas its going to hapen one way or another better it be local , and not a gov thing or a monopoly.

At the end of the day the tool should be there enforcement down to the relevant local authorities or not.
by criddell | 2025-12-12 15:39:06+00:00
You say that, but you probably do care at least a little.

It benefits you when an application doesn't do surprising things. Even basic things like clicking in an edit control, it's better for you if that results in the same outcome across all apps (stuff like does it select all text? does it place the caret at the end?).

Even for command line apps, consistency is good (see https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1...). Are options specified with a hyphen? Two hyphens? A slash? Are lists delimited with comma or semi-colon or something else?
by eudamoniac | 2025-12-12 15:39:16+00:00
But children don't add much marginal cost to those figures, except insurance. Housing stays the same (no you don't need a bigger house), food goes up slightly (12-19k for 4 people is absurdly luxurious), utilities barely increase, you don't buy them a car, clothing can be had at goodwill or handed down, etc etc. I think maybe you don't understand what little the median family had materially in 1940. They were not buying their six kids clothes from Gap or going out to eat even monthly. They were in very small homes with very cheap clothes and the wife cooked every meal from plain cheap ingredients. They didn't have phone plans or Internet bills or take 20 minute showers.
by adrian_b | 2025-12-12 15:39:25+00:00
There are better alternatives than consuming the whole cells.

There have been other attempts to use genetically-modified fungi (Trichoderma) for protein production, where they secrete in the cultivation medium a water-soluble animal protein, e.g. a cow whey protein or chicken egg white protein.

Then, through filtration and ultrafiltration, the desired protein is separated from the fungal cells and the cultivation medium, producing a protein powder in the same way how one makes whey protein concentrate or milk protein concentrate.

If done correctly this method produces only healthy protein without contaminants.

However, searching right now online if there has been any progress with this, I see that against a startup company that has already produced such whey protein powder from a fungal culture there is a lawsuit that alleges that they have not separated properly the whey protein and that what they have sold contained more fungal protein of uncertain quality and safety than the good whey protein that they claimed to sell.

Even if that company might be guilty of trying to exploit the technology before being perfected, the principle is sound and there is no doubt that this can be done, producing pure high-quality protein.

I actually use whey protein concentrate to provide a significant fraction of my protein consumption, so I hope that its production from fungi will succeed in a not too distant future.

Trichoderma is among the fungi that secrete enzymes in their environment, so the genetic modification that replaced its enzyme with whey protein or egg albumin is much simpler than the many modifications described in the parent article in order to make the whole cells more palatable, without really achieving this.

For producing a protein powder that can be used as an ingredient in cooking food from vegetable sources, the approach used with Trichoderma is sufficient. The techniques used in the parent article are justified because they do not want to make a healthy food, but they want to make a meat imitation. For myself, enhancing the quality of vegetable food is a much more important goal than attempting to simulate meat, but at least in USA it is likely that the second goal might make more money.
by chimeracoder | 2025-12-12 15:39:36+00:00
> And exactly because it's the only keyboard that just lets me type in two languages without having to "switch", and it does that well. Right now my spacebar just says "NL - EN" and it lets me combine Dutch and English just fine.

I can't stand keyboards that do this - especially those that don't let you turn it off. If you write in another language that doesn't use the Latin alphabet, you end up with nonsense suggestions - common English words like "the" or "and" will get replaced with obscure words in another language that just happen to sound vaguely phonetically similar. I almost never switch languages mid-sentence when typing, and yet the keyboard can't seem to grasp that.
Show HN: Marmot v2.20 – A distributed SQLite server with MySQL wire compatbility
by maxpert | 2025-12-12 15:39:38+00:00
Marmot hits major milestone I've been solo pushing (with help of AI), to really mature out the system. And yesterday I have hit the first milestone where MySQL API is stable enough to make WordPress install and work flawlessly. System is now in a place where you can spin off a cluster, and then spin off many replicas you want to scale out. I wanted to build something that is actually hard with AI, and it's been long and tough journey trying various AI tools, and huge amount of learning. I will follow up with a blog post, but since I have all the scripts to help you guys spin up cluster and examples I wanted to put it out there so that you guys can poke holes and help me improve it.

Source is available at: https://github.com/maxpert/marmot/

Most fun part is a Wordpress running in cluster: https://github.com/maxpert/marmot/tree/master/examples/wordp...

Each one of these Wordpress instances is talking to it's own "MySQL" but under the hood replication is being done and stored over SQLite DB.
by Havoc | 2025-12-12 15:39:39+00:00
This tries to make a logical argument against an attack that isn’t that - it’s linked to age and „think of the children“ precisely because it isn’t really disprovable and anyone daring to take a stance against it can be hit with a „oh so you’re against protecting children“.

Scratch out the age in „online age verification“ and you get to real reason
by ProllyInfamous | 2025-12-12 15:39:54+00:00
This is a great suggestion. I've run two on my local network for about five years:

pi#1) My personal DNS resolver, which I manually configure on each device.

pi#2) The much less restrictive DNS resolver which my DHCP server automatically issues to all other network clients, including all phones and IoT [0]

Individual hosts can then manually configure their DNS to resolve to the local network router (or third-party DNS), which effectively bypasses both PiHoles (for that device, only).

[0] There is a method to use a firewall to capture all outbound DNS and force routing through PiHole (ifsense? I don't know), which may be necessary for hard-coded DNS-IPs. I do not know how to do this but it's not necessary on my network.
by theragra | 2025-12-12 15:40:18+00:00
I had many cases of help from strangers in my life. One was not from a total stranger, but still.

I was couchsurfing with a bicycle, and was not able to find a place to stay on the last day. So, instead of trying I asked a guy where I stayed the first day if I can return. Not only he agreed, but also helped to get to the airport with my packaged bike.

Another case was when I stayed in Jordan, and the guy who I rented apt from helped us so much for free. He helped us to get to the dead sea (with two bikes, no less!), fought for the price with street traders so we could get an honest price and so on.

And the final and best story is about a people who found us trying to put up a tent during the huge storm in iceland.

They invited us to spend a night in their camping cabin and shared their dinner with us. This happened after we were going 12 hours through the storm with a heavily packed bikes. IT felt like an angels touch. I almost cried due to happiness (I hardly ever cried back then).
by bennyp101 | 2025-12-12 15:41:16+00:00
Yea, I think anyone who grew up at the start of the internet in homes realises just how different it is now, and that teaching your kids about how to be safe online etc is an important part of parenting. But we are at the point where we have some parents who always had access to what it is now, and don't see it as a bad place.

"Stranger Danger" is no longer don't get into a van with someone who promises you sweets kinda thing.
The No BS Phone
by morpheos137 | 2025-12-12 15:41:44+00:00
The NO BS Phone

Someone please make it

4G LTE capable Long battery life Camera All persistent storage to SD card Ruggedized Simple modern fully capable web browser based user interface Calculator GPS SMS/MMS Ruggedized Text notepad Calendar email client No APS Terminal/ssh client

I hate Android -example: why does Android have half a dozen+ volume controls.

I want something if I want to hear my phone I turn it UP. If I don't I turn it down or mute it.

I don't want to be locked into a vendor like apple or Google. I don't want to have to purchase a separate case or screen protector.

I don't want to eat up a bunch of bandwidth phoning home to Google as it monitors my every move to send me irrelevant adds for things I will never buy.

I don't want to have to charge my phone every 4 hours.

I don't want to have to turn off stupid Google defaults like screen blanking after 30 seconds of inactivity while I am reading an article. If I want to turn off or lock my screen let me decide when to do it.

I don't need my finger tips vibrated every letter I type because haptic feedback is default.

I don't need to be harassed to update my software or be notified of bs features when I start a new phone.

It goes on and on. Just give me a reliable, unobtrusive, tool I can use for years without all the BS.
by dns_snek | 2025-12-12 15:41:55+00:00
> How you went from [...] to the idea that I'm claiming these outfits don't conduct targeted surveillance at all

Again, I didn't. You concluded that the lack of evidence of public CA abuse indicates lack of surveillance, full stop, as if that's the only viable way of conducting surveillance. Here's a reminder:

> It is striking that we don't see that. We reliably see people saying "obviously" the Mossad or the NSA are snooping but they haven't shown any evidence that there's tampering

That's a reasonable observation with an unsupported and faulty conclusion. It doesn't even matter whether you meant mass surveillance (preceding context) or targeted surveillance here because the conclusion is bunk either way. I discussed that earlier but you keep glossing over it in favor of these absurd tangents.
by mopsi | 2025-12-12 15:42:02+00:00
... cared only about the nukes. Conventional weapons remained in Cuba, and the USSR continued supplying them until the end in 1991. In 1978, for example, the USSR gave Cuba the newest MIG-27 fighter jets, and the United States did nothing about it, which proves the opposite of what Kremlin trolls are trying to argue.

The USSR's support for Cuba went far beyond anything any NATO member has seen since the end of the Cold War, yet there was no war against Cuba.
by Xss3 | 2025-12-12 15:42:03+00:00
The f35, the growler, awacs, etc. Mean there will be nowhere close enough to launch low cost fpvs against the west in a war. Air dominance is what we do.

Look what happened to iran and all their air defences when f35s showed up lol.

So then youre left with shahed style drones that have range but are still fairly slow, loud, lack good guidance in jammed environments and will be shot down easily.

So you put better guidance on them so they dont need satellite connections and make them stealthy...oh wait now its just a regular ass cruise missile.
by codeddesign | 2025-12-12 15:42:25+00:00
In September 2025, he failed to show up for court.

https://www.lawinfochina.com/Search/DisplayInfo.aspx?id=3786...

I am all for political asylum, but traveling to the other side of the world, entering a country by declaring you are a visitor, then filing for asylum to stay, all while being a fugitive for embezzlement in your own country is nothing less than fraud.
by linsomniac | 2025-12-12 15:42:51+00:00
Is there any way to run a Tor exit node without expecting to get a knock on the door from the FBI/DHS? Like advertising as an exit node but only to a whitelist of sites? For ~20 years I ran a dozen cabinet at a colo but never felt I could donate bandwidth to Tor because of that (did a big mirror server instead), and now I have gigabit (could be 10gig) at home, but still just don't want to deal with the issues.
by veggieroll | 2025-12-12 15:42:59+00:00
I would buy one of these if they sold a kit. Although I have the skill-set to assemble an working copy of folk myself without the kit, it's something that I just haven't prioritized doing. And a kit is probably enough for me to get over that hump.

Imagine if the 3D printing movement ideologically refused to sell kits. 3D printing would have remained irrelevant instead of starting a revolution and creating millions of home makers. Same for Arduino and so many other devices.

If the goal of dynamicland & folk is to empower everyone to participate in computing by moving it into the physical world, I'm not sure why lowering the barrier to the necessary hardware is off limits. That's what dynamicland is doing with the UI, but how can anyone interact with the UI if it only exists in Oakland, CA?

Folk is doing the messy work of making dynamicland-style physically interactive computing available on hardware that normal people have access to and in the environment where they currently are.
by Reubachi | 2025-12-12 15:42:59+00:00
"People and consciousness are bundles of their own experiences, and cannot be broken down to static systems. more @ 11."

Nothing in this "Article" is based in any fact or input-causality examination that was (before) unclear. Just a person putting esoteric emotional reasoning on a blog.

(And of course, my own comment here breaks HN good-faith commenting rules. But c'mon.)
by notepad0x90 | 2025-12-12 15:43:27+00:00
I mean using chemistry to create food using atypical ingredients that aren't normally classified as food or entirely synthetic. Take more simpler or more abundant compounds to create original food instead of using plants and wildlife. Flavors don't need to be new, but as others mentioned there are plenty of recently invented flavors. Doritos is ultra-processed corn, what i'm saying is Doritos but there is no corn involved. The original article is about meat-like food, I was saying "why meat-like" , if it is food that has similar taste like meat, that's fine, but it doesn't need to be like meat, it just needs to taste good and have palatable texture. Maybe we can have something tastes better than meat!
by hurturue | 2025-12-12 15:44:10+00:00
so between 0 (good) and 100 (bad), what would be your gray score "badness/evilness" value for the following: Russia, US, China, EU

yes, i know, it's not a linear axis, it's multi-dimensional perspective thing. so do a PCA/projection and spit one number, according to your values/beliefs
by northlondoner | 2025-12-12 15:44:21+00:00
Compositional learning usually means domain shifts in distributed training and learning that can be conceptually learn new concepts.

NATS provides a great fault tolerant messaging infrastructure in building compositional learning applications. C#'s distinction of being a cross-road among academic research, production system and business oriented language for applications makes it ideal tool. C#/NATS/LINQ combination provides amazing language primitives in building distributed business production systems.
by Mesterniz | 2025-12-12 15:44:24+00:00
I wanted to share some hard-learned lessons about deploying multi-component AI agents to production. If you've ever had an agent fail mysteriously in production while working perfectly in dev, this might help.

The Core Problem

Most agent failures are silent. Most failures occur in components that showed zero issues during testing. Why? Because we treat agents as black boxes - query goes in, response comes out, and we have no idea what happened in between.

The Solution: Component-Level Instrumentation

I built a fully observable agent using LangGraph + LangSmith that tracks:

Component execution flow (router → retriever → reasoner → generator)

Component-specific latency (which component is the bottleneck?)

Intermediate states (what was retrieved, what reasoning strategy was chosen)

Failure attribution (which specific component caused the bad output?)

Key Architecture Insights

The agent has 4 specialized components:

Router: Classifies intent and determines workflow

Retriever: Fetches relevant context from knowledge base

Reasoner: Plans response strategy

Generator: Produces final output

Each component can fail independently, and each requires different fixes. A wrong answer could be routing errors, retrieval failures, or generation hallucinations - aggregate metrics won't tell you which.

To fix this, I implemented automated failure classification into 6 primary categories:

Routing failures (wrong workflow)

Retrieval failures (missed relevant docs)

Reasoning failures (wrong strategy)

Generation failures (poor output despite good inputs)

Latency failures (exceeds SLA)

Degradation failures (quality decreases over time)

The system automatically attributes failures to specific components based on observability data.

Component Fine-tuning Matters

Here's what made a difference: fine-tune individual components, not the whole system.

When my baseline showed the generator had a 40% failure rate, I:

Collected examples where it failed

Created training data showing correct outputs

Fine-tuned ONLY the generator

Swapped it into the agent graph

Results: Faster iteration (minutes vs hours), better debuggability (know exactly what changed), more maintainable (evolve components independently).

For anyone interested in the tech stack, here is some info:

LangGraph: Agent orchestration with explicit state transitions

LangSmith: Distributed tracing and observability

UBIAI: Component-level fine-tuning (prompt optimization → weight training)

ChromaDB: Vector store for retrieval

Key Takeaway

You can't improve what you can't measure, and you can't measure what you don't instrument.

The full implementation shows how to build this for customer support agents, but the principles apply to any multi-component architecture.

Happy to answer questions about the implementation. The blog with code is in the comment.
by xnorswap | 2025-12-12 15:45:09+00:00
This is time efficient* but rather wasteful of space.

The best way to save space is to use a Bloom Filter.

If we capture all the even numbers, that would sadly only give us "Definitely not Even" or "Maybe Even".

But for just the cost of doubling our space, we can use two Bloom filters!

So we can construct one bloom filter capturing even numbers, and another bloom filter capturing odd numbers.

Now we have "Definitely not Even" and "Maybe Even" but also "Definitely not Odd" and "Maybe Odd".

In this manner, we can use the "evens" filter to find the odd numbers and the "odds" filter to find the even numbers.

Having done this, we'll be left with just a handful of unlucky numbers that are recorded as both "Maybe even" and "Maybe odd". These will surely be few enough in number that we can special case these in our if/else block.

The filters as a first-pass will save gigabytes of memory!