MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by gucci-on-fleek | 2025-12-31 08:11:08+00:00
> For a lot stuff on my local network I don’t want the hassle […] because there is no easy way to set up public certificates

Everything on my home network uses publicly-trusted certs from LE, including my router with only 8MB of flash and 128MB of memory. You need to use the DNS challenges if you don't want the services to be publicly accessible, but you can run ACME on nearly everything these days.
by businessmate | 2025-12-31 08:11:19+00:00
This paper examines a governance gap emerging in financial services: supervisors and internal audit functions increasingly expect firms to evidence oversight of AI-mediated representations, yet most institutions lack audit-grade artifacts demonstrating such monitoring. Using an illustrative scenario, the paper shows how Reasoning Claim Tokens (RCTs) can function as evidentiary control objects that document repeatable omission of suitability constraints without requiring access to AI model internals or operational control over third-party systems.
by copirate | 2025-12-31 08:11:21+00:00
> If a pool can set up a situation where they mine a block and wait X seconds to reveal it, they can force other miners to waste X seconds of has power and gain an advantage.

How is it wasted if they work on the current chain? If they find a block during those X seconds, they'll propagate it before the waiting pool does. The waiting pool will then just lose the revenue from the block they put on hold. They're the ones wasting mining time when that happens, while the others never do.
by tjwebbnorfolk | 2025-12-31 08:11:36+00:00
It's funny that a decade ago the exit strategy of many of these startups would have been to get acquired by MSFT / META / GOOG. Now, the regulators have made a lot of these acquisitions effectively impossible for antitrust reasons.

Is it better for society for promising startups to die on the open market, or get acquired by a monopoly? The third option -- taking down the established players -- appears increasingly unlikely.
by bf9d413906 | 2025-12-31 08:11:37+00:00
I am quite a bit older than you, so my perspective is probably a bit different, but I have learned that friendships come from shared situations and experiences. You're not going to get it from books unfortunately, and the "methods" described in some books might come across as less genuine.

First of all, have realistic expectations. You might not find that _one_ friend easily that can fulfill all your needs in one package, but you can become part of friend groups. Individual connections might grow from that.

To get there:

1. Ensure you are in a place where things are happening, e.g. a larger town or city. This just gives you more options, but even small towns have things happening.

2. Become part of social hobbies, where people frequently meet at an organized time and place. e.g. team sports, local theater groups, book club, makerspace, cooking courses, etc...., whatever you have an interest in. Pick more than one if you can. Live firmly in the real world and not online.

3. Show up and keep showing up, you need to become a familiar face to people. One-off gatherings aren't great for this, but work with what you've got.

4. Participate. Are they looking for volunteers for event X, participate. Do they need someone to help do Y, participate. People are getting together to do race Z, participate. Someone needs an hour help moving some stuff, show up. No need to overdo it, just be there and be seen as a reliable part of the group.

5. Be patient.

Especially participate in new things or initiatives, the groups are less firmly set in stone and it's easier to become part of something. Plus by participating you'll learn of other things happening in the community.

If you "don't like anything", work with what's available and pick the things that are most OK. Part of liking things is doing them. If you're in a tiny village where they only play soccer once a week, well guess what, you're going to learn to play soccer now. The activity is the excuse to be around people.
If small talk bores you but small talk is what's on offer, have small talk. Life is not a stream of "big moments", the mundane is the glue.

Do not expect anything. Keep any ego firmly in check. Go with the flow and be relaxed, whatever happens happens. People can smell neediness.

Good luck !
A Simple Reason Snow Globe Glass Cups Feel More "Special" Than Regular Ones
by tumblers | 2025-12-31 08:11:39+00:00
Most people don’t think too much about drinkware. A cup is a cup—until it looks different enough to catch your attention. That’s what snow globe glass cups do. They take a familiar shape and add a small twist that makes people stop and look twice.

The Besin double wall snow globe glass can looks like a normal glass can at first. The difference is the space between the walls. Inside that space, liquid and decorative elements move around, creating a subtle snow globe effect. It’s not loud or flashy, but it’s noticeable in a pleasant way.

Glass plays an important role here. Compared to plastic or stainless steel tumblers, glass feels cleaner and more refined to many people. That’s why these cups are often used for iced coffee, cold brew, or drinks you’d enjoy slowly. They’re not meant to keep drinks hot or cold for hours like travel mugs. Instead, they’re meant to look good while you’re using them.

What makes this cup especially interesting is how easy it is to customize. You can add color or sparkle inside without changing how the outside looks. That means designs on the surface stay clean and readable. For people working with sublimation tumbler wholesale products, that’s a practical advantage.

These cups also fit well into small businesses that sell tumblers in bulk. They offer something visually different without requiring customers to learn how to use them differently. You drink from them like any other glass. The snow globe effect is just an extra detail that makes the cup feel more thoughtful.

Another nice thing about this design is how adaptable it is. Minimal designs look just as good as colorful ones. You don’t need a complex theme for the cup to work. Even a simple logo or phrase feels more interesting when paired with subtle movement inside the glass.

In the end, the appeal comes down to balance. The Besin snow globe glass can isn’t trying to replace everyday drinkware. It just adds a small layer of visual interest to something people already use. That kind of thoughtful design is often what separates something ordinary from something people remember.
by nineteen999 | 2025-12-31 08:12:15+00:00
Yeah nah. Mainframes have:

* hot-swap power & CPUs
* RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability)
* vendor SLAs
* fault containment
* designed uptime vs achieved uptime

If you can buy replacement parts on eBay and reboot to fix problems, it’s not a mainframe.
by LeFantome | 2025-12-31 08:12:42+00:00
Ok, so you agree with him except where he says “in a VM” because you say you can also do it “in a container”.

Of course, you both leave out that you could do it “on real hardware”.

But none of this matters. The real point is that you have to compile on an old distro. If he left out “in a VM”, you would have had nothing to correct.
by masklinn | 2025-12-31 08:13:30+00:00
> Which I’m imagining is what Rust is doing with a Result type?

Result only carries information about the success / failure of an unspecified operation, it is not a long term signal and furthermore is not resistant to tampering (so a mistake processing the Result can undo the validation).

What you want in this case is a new separate type, which can only be constructed through the check operation. This is the ethos of "parse, don't validate".

And you're correct that in that case you don't need the check to be close to the consumer, in fact you want the opposite, for the check to be as close to the software edge as possible such that tainted data has limited to no presence inside the system and it's difficult or impossible to unwittingly interact with it.

But of course the farther into that direction you head the more expressive a type system you need. And some constraints are not so easily checked as there's a multitude of consumers each with their own foibles, or as in this case you need to check the interaction of multiple runtime objects.
by amake | 2025-12-31 08:15:07+00:00
I publish an app to the App Store, Google Play, and F-Droid. For years, F-Droid took absolute ages to reflect a new release.

People used to criticize the walled gardens for having capricious reviewers and slow review times, but I found F-Droid much more frustrating to get approval from and much slower to get a release out.

So this development is much appreciated. In fact I had an inkling that build times had improved recently when an update made it out to F-Droid in only a day or two.
by flowerthoughts | 2025-12-31 08:15:37+00:00
I don't think the visual approach does much for interactions, so that's a separate concern. This is more about feel. E.g. inertia applied to CoG, so when you grab it outside CoG, large files will tilt more as you drag. Light files would probably start spinning even.

Now, applying inertia for the movement itself would be annoying. Please don't do that. :)
by trinsic2 | 2025-12-31 08:15:50+00:00
Most of our people in the US do not think it's ok what trump is doing. We have a binary political system where both parties work to deceive the public that there is any real choice. Both parties in involved in the attrocies at varying degrees. Democrats are the carrot and republicans are the stick with business interests in the middle controlling both sides with money. I'm not sure what the solution is but more of same voting dems/rep ain't working.
by throw310822 | 2025-12-31 08:16:19+00:00
> AI is a world-changing technology, just like the railroads were

This comparison keeps popping up, and I think it's misleading. The pace of technology uptake is completely different from that of railroads: the user base of ChatGPT alone went from 0 to 200 million in nine months, and it's now- after just three years- around 900 million users on a weekly basis. Even if you think that railroads and AI are equally impactful (I don't, I think AI will be far more impactful) the rapidity with which investments can turn into revenue and profit makes the situation entirely different from an investor's point of view.
by mrb | 2025-12-31 08:16:27+00:00
"Bitcoin's security inevitably weakens over the coming years due to diminishing miner rewards (denominated in BTC)"

That's incorrect. Security scales with USD-denominated rewards, not BTC-denominated. And there are 16 years of real-world data showing they have been generally increasing, so a healthy sign that the Bitcoin experiment is working:

https://newhedge.io/bitcoin/block-reward-per-block

And not only that, but rewards are still expected to stabilize even when measured in BTC (thereby not relying on an increase of BTC's price) as they are progressively composed more and more of tx fees instead of newly mined BTC.

It's puzzling to me why some still don't understand the systemic incentives that make all this work as it has for 16 years and counting...
by aurareturn | 2025-12-31 08:16:59+00:00
There is clearly a very strong moat. OpenAI is close to 1 billion active users on ChatGPT while Claude barely have any non-business users. Even though Anthropic had better models at different times this year, I never stopped using ChatGPT and paying for Plus.

We just don't know who will win in which area yet. It doesn't mean there is no moat.
by onion2k | 2025-12-31 08:17:42+00:00
It's not really, but the difference is that I'm limited by the supply of BTC, and it requires that I actually have the money to make the 'bet' at the start. That restricts the size of the spot market.

If I'm buying futures I can enter into a contract that says "I'll buy a contract for 1BTC that says BTC is going to go from $88.5k to $98.5k in 1 year." I don't actually hand over any money. In a year's time, if BTC is now $100k the person who agreed on the contract gives me $10k. If it doesn't go up then I owe the seller $10k. The futures contract is settled in cash - no BTC is involved.

Right now though, I don't have a $88.5k to spend on BTC, so the spot market isn't an option. I probably could find $10k in a year's time so a bet on a BTC future might be viable. The actual derivative 'value' isn't real though. The only money changing hands is the delta of the change in value when the contract is settled.

(Caveat: I am a total noob at finance stuff so this could be quite wrong. One of the many reasons I will not be buying that futures contract. :) )
by nineteen999 | 2025-12-31 08:20:02+00:00
I'm not disagreeing that glibc symbol versioning could be better. I raised it because this is probably one of the few valid use cases for containers where they would have a large advantage over a heavyweight VM.

But it's like complaining that you might need a VM or container to compile your software for Win16 or Win32s. Nobody is using those anymore. Nor really old Linux distributions. And if they do, they're not really going to complain about having to use a VM or container.

As C/C++ programmer, the thing I notice is ... the people who complain about this most loudly are the web dev crowd who don't speak C/C++, when some ancient game doesn't work on their obscure Arch/Gentoo/Ubuntu distribution and they don't know how to fix it. Boo hoo.

But they'll happily take a paycheck for writing a bunch of shit Go/Ruby/PHP code that runs on Linux 24/7 without downtime - not because of the quality of their code, but due to the reliability of the platform at _that_ particular task. Go figure.
by omnimus | 2025-12-31 08:20:04+00:00
They don't have anything of their own right? They just support Only Office through WebDav. That's like what Nextcloud does.

Unfortunately I don't think there ever will be google docs alternative that people will easily accept because it's almost impossible to build business based on competing with very complex/expensive product that google provides for free. It's clearly their loss leader and moat.
by reissbaker | 2025-12-31 08:21:31+00:00
The fact that virtually all new models in 2026 will have NACS tells you we don't need to regulate in 2026 that all new cars must be built with NACS. That's what's happening anyway.

Once you exclude Supercharger

Why would you exclude Superchargers from the comparison of American charging networks? Most V3/V4 Superchargers support charging non-Tesla NACS cars (or non-NACS cars with a dongle), and they're much more reliable than the non-Tesla chargers e.g. EVGo. The reason NACS took off is because the Supercharger network is so good, even for non-Tesla cars.
by pvtmert | 2025-12-31 08:21:41+00:00
2 cents from me

1. "it's not available in your country yet" -- although I am currently in (and connected to) Czech republic train, my account is based on Luxembourg. Not sure which one takes precedence, but sad to see...

2. Join Discord -- Unexpected to see this from a Google product. More interestingly, do they really have people/staff there? Or is it just bunch of AI Agents running the discord server, not sure. (Haven't joined either)
by ozim | 2025-12-31 08:22:12+00:00
Neat part is that’s my local network and I don’t want to spend time doing that.

I’d much rather spend time arguing about it on HN.

That’s the neat part of “it is my time” and I want to use it the way I want.

It doesn’t apply to stuff I publish over the internet all personal pages blogs have https, that’s not negotiable.
by nrhrjrjrjtntbt | 2025-12-31 08:23:08+00:00
Peek:

Readings in Database Systems (commonly known as the "Red Book") has offered readers an opinionated take on both classic and cutting-edge research in the field of data management since 1988. Here, we present the Fifth Edition of the Red Book — the first in over ten years.
CHAPTERS
Preface
[HTML] [PDF]
Background introduced by Michael Stonebraker
[HTML] [PDF]
Traditional RDBMS Systems introduced by Michael Stonebraker
[HTML] [PDF]
Techniques Everyone Should Know introduced by Peter Bailis
[HTML] [PDF]
New DBMS Architectures introduced by Michael Stonebraker
[HTML] [PDF]
Large-Scale Dataflow Engines introduced by Peter Bailis
[HTML] [PDF]
Weak Isolation and Distribution introduced by Peter Bailis
[HTML] [PDF]
Query Optimization introduced by Joe Hellerstein
[HTML] [PDF]
Interactive Analytics introduced by Joe Hellerstein
[HTML] [PDF]
Languages introduced by Joe Hellerstein
[HTML] [PDF]
Web Data introduced by Peter Bailis
[HTML] [PDF]
A Biased Take on a Moving Target: Complex Analytics
by Michael Stonebraker
[HTML] [PDF]
A Biased Take on a Moving Target: Data Integration
by Michael Stonebraker
[HTML] [PDF]
Complete Book: [HTML] [PDF]
Readings Only: [HTML] [PDF]
Previous Editions: [HTML]
by jacquesm | 2025-12-31 08:24:09+00:00
As long as there is no real liability for getting hacked and as long as companies don't want to pay for proper software development. And note that FreeBSD is one of the harder nuts in this sense. Any codebase beyond a few hundred lines will have one or more of these if you look hard and long enough. But: these 50 are now squashed and that's a nice Christmas gift.

If the companies that use this stuff commercially would contribute back 1% of the value they derive from using open source this could be bullet proof.
by danielscrubs | 2025-12-31 08:25:22+00:00
Can you explain it in another way? What you are saying is that instead of loosing 100% they loose 70% and loosing 70% is somehow good? Or are you saying the risk adjusted returns are then 30% better on the downside than previously thought? Because if you are, I think people here are saying the risk is so high that it is a given they will fail.
by pvtmert | 2025-12-31 08:26:22+00:00
Amazon already has not been paying any sort of income tax to the EU. There was a lawsuit in Belgium but Amazon has won that in late-2024 since they had a separate agreement in/with Luxembourg.

Speaking for EU, all big tech already not paying taxes one way or another, either using Dublin/Ireland (Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta, ...) and Luxembourg (Amazon & Microsoft as far as I can tell) to avoid such corporate/income taxes. Simply possible because all the earnings go back to the U.S. entity in terms of "IP rights".
by icetearun | 2025-12-31 08:26:31+00:00
"I’ve been obsessed with how Notion grew so fast, so I actually built a workflow to reverse-engineer their influencer strategy.
I just ran it, and here is the raw list of 50 creators it found (along with their engagement metrics):
[ https://app.amplift.ai/applications/influencer/results/9406a...]

I’m actually looking for some feedback from fellow founders: Does this data look 'actionable' enough to you? If you were to use this for your own outreach, is there a specific metric (like average views or email address) that you feel is missing?
P.S. If you want to see who your competitors are working with, I’d be happy to generate a similar report for your niche. Just let me know the brand name.
by upboundspiral | 2025-12-31 08:27:13+00:00
I would like to qualify that seL4 (and the entire family of L4 kernels) were created exactly to disprove the idea that microkernels were slow. They are extremely perfomant.

The idea that microkernels are slow came from analyzing a popular microkernel at the time - mach. It in no way is a true blanket statement for all microkernels.

https://sel4.systems/About/seL4-whitepaper.pdf
https://sel4.systems/performance.html
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/173668.168633
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L4_microkernel_family
by jacquesm | 2025-12-31 08:28:05+00:00
Pretty neat project. I never thought you could do this in the first place, very much inspiring. I've made a little project that stores all of its data locally but still runs in the browser to protect against take downs and because I don't think you should store your precious data online more than you have to, eventually it all rots away. Your project takes this to the next level.
by wtcactus | 2025-12-31 08:28:40+00:00
As someone that lived in 4 different European countries, I can tell you, you only talk nonsense.

Go tell a Spanish or an Italian, that is normal for the authorities to go and investigate him and put him in jail for calling someone fat.

It's fascinating the amount of bullocks that comes out of your keyboard with an aura of self-righteous intellectuality, as if you are preaching some universal acepted gospel.
Show HN: Proving 67M ZK rows on a laptop in 28s (Winterfell OOMs)
by y00zzeek | 2025-12-31 08:29:06+00:00
I spent the holidays benchmarking current STARK provers against a new O(N) engine I'm building (Hekate).

The current industry standard (Winterfell/Miden) relies on FFT-based Low-Degree Extensions (LDE), which requires materializing the entire execution trace in memory. This creates a massive memory bottleneck (O(N log N)) that prevents client-side proving at scale.

I implemented a linear-time streaming architecture that avoids the FFT bottleneck. To test it, I ran a Fibonacci AIR on a standard Macbook M3 Max.

The Setup:

Winterfell: Configured with "packed" rows (2 terms/row) to reduce trace length.

Hekate: Configured with "pure" rows (1 term/row), performing 2x the logical work.

The Results:

16 Million Rows (2^24):
- Winterfell: 18.34s (24 GB RAM)
- Hekate: 6.39s (1.2 GB RAM)
- Result: ~3x faster, 20x less memory.

67 Million Rows (2^26):
- Winterfell: Crashes (Out of Memory)
- Hekate: 28.2s (Peak RAM 11.8GB)

This suggests that for ZK rollups to actually run on client devices, we need to move away from monolithic trace commitments and towards ephemeral state streaming.

Happy to answer questions about the architecture (Binius/Tower Fields) or the benchmarks.
by troupo | 2025-12-31 08:29:26+00:00
> This AI team at Google cares not for the health of the web. They barely remember that Google has a search engine

Neithet do any teams at Google, including the search teams. Google is an ad company with 80% of its revenue coming from ads. They couldn't give two shits about the health of the web.

The man who killed Google search was a minor hit when it was published: https://www.wheresyoured.at/the-men-who-killed-google/
by brabel | 2025-12-31 08:30:49+00:00
That’s why the actor model is so good. You have concurrent programs but each Actor has full ownership of its data and can access it as if it were single threaded.
In my opinion, it’s the only way to get it right and should only be replaced with low level atomics if performance proves to be much better and that impacts the business strongly, which I have never seen in practice.
by nineteen999 | 2025-12-31 08:31:06+00:00
Python has what, half a dozen mostly incompatible package managers? Node? Ruby? All because they're too lazy, inexperienced or stubborn to write or automate RPM spec files, and/or Debian rules files.

To be fair, the UNIX wars probably inspired this in the first place - outside of SVR4 deriviatives, most commercial UNIX systems (HP-UX, AIX, Tru64) had their own packaging format. Even the gratis BSD systems all have their own variants of the same packaging system. This was the one thing that AT&T and Sun Solaris got right. Linux distros merely followed suit at the time - Redhat with RPM, Debian with DEB, and then Slackware and half a dozen other systems - thankfully we seem to have coalesced on RPM, DEB, Flatpak, Snap, Appimage etc... but yeah that's before you get to the language specific package management. It's a right mess, carried over from 90's UNIX "NIH" syndrome.