MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by akoboldfrying | 2025-12-13 14:24:51+00:00
> there exist spec meeting implementations that don’t pass the test.

Ah, I see what you mean. Yes, in practice you would have an actual implementation, and if it failed the test but passed the spec you would know the spec was underspecified. I stand corrected.

> If : there is at least one implementation which is valid for the following properties, and does not meet this single property (fixed input output pair) - specifications are under defined.

Clever! But I guess we're probably some way from being able to existentially quantify over all possible implementations... It might be that the only satisfying implementation is one for which we cannot even prove termination. More optimistically, maybe it turns out that whenever there is a satisfying implementation, there must be one in some simple class (like straight-line programs) that can be checked exhaustively.
by StopDisinfo910 | 2025-12-13 14:26:09+00:00
China strategy is clearly a mix of renewable and nuclear, renewable for bulk and nuclear for baseload.

At the moment, they are quickly building gaz-fired capacity to supplement the renewable during peak demand and when production is low. Their base load is mostly coal. Nuclear will allow them to phase out most of that. They are clearly targeting zero coal and are gaz poor anyway so nuclear allows them to limit their exposure to imports. That's basically France strategy in the 70s except France went all in while China can use renewable for bulk capacity as they produce a ton of the required mineral themselves

The opposition between intermittent and nuclear doesn't exist. Nobody knows how to run a grid purely on intermittent sources.

A lot of the discussion on statistics here don't make sense. China wants to switch off coal and gaz. You are looking at transition numbers focusing on current shares when you should be considering trajectories.
by einsteinx2 | 2025-12-13 14:26:19+00:00
Yes? I mean I’ve never gone looking for a tech solution by browsing GitHub repos. I would have already done research online, read documentation, etc and decided on the vector database and then gone to the GitHub repo (or probably just installed from my package manager or docker and never even seen the repo).

Things like good documentation, good performance, good DX, and an active user community would be the deciding factors for me. One repo having more stars than another wouldn’t even factor into it.
by quesera | 2025-12-13 14:26:20+00:00
That's backwards. The company treats the GC as a liability. It cannot recognize the funds as revenue until they are spent. This is GAAP and law (but see exception below).

GCs are valuable to brands because they are marketing tools. Recipients are prompted to go to the merchant to spend money, and they usually spend about 40% more than the face value of the card.

Also, GCs are valuable to merchants for breakage. This is when a card (or partial balance) goes unused. Starbucks, as an imperfect example, recognizes about 10% of their total outstanding GC balance as revenue every year, due to breakage. This amounts to hundreds of millions of dollars.
by tw04 | 2025-12-13 14:27:11+00:00
> There is no legal right to have an account with Apple or Google, and I’m not sure I want there to be.

There shouldn’t be a legal right to an account, but there absolutely should be a legal right to sit down with someone from the company to plead your case, understand why the account was locked, and at least be given the opportunity to gather your things if they decide not give you a second chance.

If you get evicted from an apartment they don’t just change the locks and keep all your stuff…
by crazygringo | 2025-12-13 14:27:25+00:00
Who said anything about nation-states or "great powers organization"? You're changing the subject entirely.

The original comment was about nationalism and borders, not nation-states and great powers.

I explained that the same concepts are found at the tribal level and even in primates. To occupy and defend your territory, and territory is defined by borders, even if they're just a river or the edge of a forest. And gunpowder has nothing to do with anything.

And I don't have the slightest idea what you're trying to say with trade goods.

So no, nothing I said is refuted. It would be helpful if you stuck to the subject at hand, however, without going off track entirely to modern nation-states. Nations are not the same thing as nation-states.
by xtiansimon | 2025-12-13 14:27:43+00:00
Brief aside.

> “…his YouTube content is fire.”

I’ve been living under a rock and am thrilled to read an unironic example of our living language.

My context: https://youtu.be/ID1jre5kmUI?si=xb8I818WNPp8fUiJ&t=75
by andy_ppp | 2025-12-13 14:27:54+00:00
There should be a legal right to a clear explanation and a mechanism of appealing these decisions with an external organisation. I think it’s unreasonable to expect that they should be able to delete users this casually with everything that is tied to your devices.

You could make it so costs for arbitration could be paid up front by the person appealing and then if the account deletion was deemed wrong the company refunds said user. Could probably apply to monetisation on YouTube that I see withdrawn for very dubious reasons too.
by dmix | 2025-12-13 14:27:55+00:00
> Deutsche Bahn is a useful parallel. It was once fully public and later privatized

A joint stock company fully owned by the government isn’t exactly privatized either. It’s still controlled and staffed by the government and is financed by government budgets, with tons of decision making constrained by being a public interest.

In practice it just means the management and financial structure operate as a pseudo corporation.
by ninjin | 2025-12-13 14:28:35+00:00
Firstly, thank you for engaging and trying to enlighten me.

I do understand why capability delegation is useful and I am familiar with using Unix sockets to delegate the control of daemons using socket permissions, which feels similar to what we see here with capsudod (I have not read the code sadly, too much other code to read today).

However, I am still puzzled what the advantage of having a herd of capsudod instances running is to say my proposal of allowing users to set up their own doas.conf(5)s to delegate capabilities. Yes, we still need SUID and we will need to be darn sure 1,000 or so lines are properly secured, but it is attenuable, revocable, auditable, and feels (perhaps wrongly, because I have a bias towards text files describing the state of a system?) more natural to me than putting it all into the running state of a daemon.

Is there some other strength/weakness of these approaches that I am failing to see? I am no systems programmer, but I find topics like this interesting and dream of a day when I could be one.
by wiredfool | 2025-12-13 14:28:39+00:00
Ireland: Hold my Guinness.

At least Germany has trains that go places. Ireland ripped most of their tracks out in the 50's and now there are two separate rail networks that are "joined" by taxi between Heuston and Connoly station in Dublin. Going from Sligo to Ballina (both on the west coast) means going through Dublin. I don't think any airport in Ireland is served by rail.
by MomsAVoxell | 2025-12-13 14:30:14+00:00
I moved to Germany from Southern California in 2002 and as a conscientious objector to gridlock and indeed any grid whatsoever, I experienced very distinct happiness at the change of transportation paces between those two worlds, and the very first thing I did was get myself a DB (Deutsche Bahn) membership, which gave me so many nice memories.

I'm very fond of those years of easy train rides all over that part of Europe, and indeed internally within Germany, too. The overnight trains to Munich and Hamburg, Berlin and Vienna (ÖBB membership too), the easy rides between towns all over the Rührgebiet and NRW, the delightful weekend trips to Wuppertal and Bonn and so on. The sleeper cabins, the disco car, the wonderful cold beers served during a summer sojourn to The Hague, and so on. Yes, German trains could get you around, and connected, and after all - the rail systems of Europe are a reason to live there.

So I'm kind of saddened to hear of the demise of things, having left Germany for another land with well-laid rail (Austria), which I use with little sense of a lack of quality. But I do remember days of being very impressed with Germanys' transportation services .. it seems the nation of unlimited speed limits on the autobahn did, in those days, have superlative rail as well.

(Still, that was ±20 years ago. I suppose I shouldn't be that shocked to see time take its toll.)
by Quothling | 2025-12-13 14:30:25+00:00
There has been for like 15 years. At least around here, well withouth the essay. I'm not sure what the essay would do, it would be written by a LLM anyway. Don't worry, LLM usage and risks is the next class we're beginning to teach as a society. Of course my own generation won't get that, so we're going to be fun "boomers" that way.
by logifail | 2025-12-13 14:30:54+00:00
> where I live in Cologne, there's typically a high speed train every 20 to 30 minutes to Frankfurt. If one train is delayed by 30 minutes, then suddenly you have two (ore more) trains right on top of eachother heading to the same destination, both on very very congested lines that theyre simultaneously trying to do repairs and expansions to. Those are the sorts of situations where it makes sense to just cancel the train, not because of metrics but because of actual track constraints.

Never mind congested lines, remember the trains are full of paying passengers!

(Let's assume both trains were more than half-full of passengers, which is fairly typical), what would you plan to do with the passengers on the cancelled train who can't get on the other train because there is literally no room for them?

I recently travelled on a badly-delayed ICE train (to Frankfurt Airport, as it happens) and it was running so late I ended up rebooking my flight from the stationary ICE because I lost confidence we would get to the airport in time for my flight.
by spoiler | 2025-12-13 14:30:59+00:00
I generally like—and write—these types of doc comments myself. It just looks nicer in docs/intellisense.

I'm a big proponent of "everything public should have a doc comment," even if it's a short sentence. Doesn't hurt to have it. I never understood people who are allergic to comments.

The fact LLMs add comments is one of the few non-sloppy things they do, IMO
Show HN: X-AnyLabeling – An open-source multimodal annotation ecosystem for CV
by CVHub520 | 2025-12-13 14:31:27+00:00
Hi HN,

Over the past year I’ve been building X-AnyLabeling, an open-source project that started as a labeling tool and gradually evolved into a multimodal annotation ecosystem.

The original problem wasn’t drawing boxes or masks. It was that annotation, inference, and training are usually fragmented into separate tools, which makes iteration slow and painful — especially for small teams.

X-AnyLabeling tries to unify these pieces:

- A desktop-first annotation client (cross-platform, pure Python) - Pluggable AI inference (local or remote GPU servers) - Built-in support for multimodal data construction (VQA, image–text dialogs) - Direct integration with training pipelines (Ultralytics), forming a label–train–infer loop

The system is designed to be modular: heavy models run remotely, annotation stays lightweight, and users can integrate anything from SAM and OCR to VLMs like Qwen or GPT-style APIs.

Project: https://github.com/CVHub520/X-AnyLabeling

I’m interested in feedback from people who work on real-world CV or multimodal pipelines — especially around how annotation tools should evolve beyond manual labeling.
by pavel_lishin | 2025-12-13 14:32:17+00:00
> I am not a casual user. I have literally written the book on Apple development (taking over the Learning Cocoa with Objective-C series, which Apple themselves used to write, for O’Reilly Media, and then 20+ books following that). I help run the longest-running Apple developer event not run by Apple themselves, /dev/world. I have effectively been an evangelist for this company’s technology for my entire professional life. We had an app on the App Store on Day 1 in every sense of the world.

I am surprised that with such a pedigree, the author doesn't already have contacts at Apple they could reach out to for that personal touch.
by embedding-shape | 2025-12-13 14:32:19+00:00
> Every company's priority has always been "make more money above all,"

Maybe that's true where you live, but it's definitely not true all over the world, many economies have a free economy yet companies exist for public benefit, not shareholder value generation. It's out there, wouldn't be impossible to implement where you live either.

> And don't think for a second the US federal government couldn't do a huge amount of damage to anyone it feels like by way of its financial regulators

Right, I agree. But I also qualified my statement to not be valid in authoritarian countries, so maybe not the greatest example to use.
by hyperman1 | 2025-12-13 14:32:35+00:00
I've tried them once, and my experience with Flixbus was a disaster. They optimize for cheapness above everything else.

Their drivers can't do anything except scan your ticket and deny entrance if the computer says no. They don't speak any local language or English. Any minor problem cascades in delays of half a day. Their bus stops were druggie/thief zones where I felt really unsafe. After their train was 2 hours late, I was a minute late for my connection. The bus driver saw us running to his bus, smiled, waved at us, closed his door and drove away, showing his middle finger out of the window.
by bit1993 | 2025-12-13 14:32:45+00:00
If the security flaws are in the training data AI will be able to detect them, stuff like OWASP are definitely in the training data. So in a way this is like more intelligent fuzzing, which is a fantastic tool to have in your toolbox. But I doubt AI will be able to detect novel security flaws that are not included in its training data.
by zczc | 2025-12-13 14:32:51+00:00
The initial idea was to first sell 50% of the land and then sell the other 50%. [1] Thanks to corner crossing, the checkerboard pattern made sure that owners of the first batch wouldn't be cut off from their access by buyers of the second batch.

[1] From TFA: "This checkerboard pattern allowed the government to keep all the undeveloped sections in between and wait for them to go up in value before turning around and selling them to developers".
by avazhi | 2025-12-13 14:32:51+00:00
I upvoted this for visibility but if you put your entire digital life in the hands of any of these tech companies and store all your shit in the cloud with no local backups, you are at least as blameworthy as they are. I’m less surprised that Apple would do this than I am that somebody who is clearly tech savvy could be this stupid about tech.
by smoghat | 2025-12-13 14:32:52+00:00
My parents had their account with Deutsche Bank private bankers. They had moved overseas and sold their house in the 90s and were living off the proceeds. Everyone got lucky that they bought their house in a big city in the 1960s. Since they didn't spend too much money, the capital accumulated for a while. It could have gone the way of Detroit but went the other way. When they passed away, we inherited the money and bought a house in the suburbs. It wasn't a huge amount of money, but it changed our lives, no question.

So, when my mom passed, our family had to deal with DB. I have never, ever hand such a bad experience with a bank. The bank overseas was so courteous and efficient that I asked if I could open a bank account with them but I couldn't since I don't live in the country, just a frequent visitor. The IRS and government were easy. The will was as easy as it gets. Do things by the book, you'll be fine.

The NY DB office, to which I would have to go frequently and sit in some luxurious waiting room with nice art, was insane. My lawyer and accountant could not understand how they could repeatedly ask for the same information, deny they had received it, ask for information that literally the US government does not give out to anyone and on and on and on. And no there was nothing shady or shifty about my parents' lives. My lawyer started sending meaner and meaner letters to them, the kind that talk about making my client whole and litigation.

And yet, a few years later it turned out that same bank was often in the news for, among other things catering to Jeffrey Epstein. Who knows, maybe he spent his last hours complaining about them too. I could only hope he had that experience to add to his all-too-brief punishment. Actually, I have often wondered if we got raked over the coals because they had genuinely fishy clients and thus all the clients, especially the ones overseas, were on some kind of government watch list.
by JKCalhoun | 2025-12-13 14:33:25+00:00
That's a poignant observation. There are "times and places" for things. And whether you or I would have been "the right person" at that time is hard to know.

I consider Wozniak (obvious example) who was at the "right time and place" in the early 1970's. He at the engineering capital of the U.S. (Silicon Valley — already known by that name at the time) knowing adults in engineering fields that could get him otherwise expensive and new for the time microprocessor chips… just as the chips were becoming more affordable—just as Don Lancaster's "TV Typewriter" and the "Altair 8800" began to grace the cover of Popular Electronics…

Woz seemed to flounder, or be overwhelmed somewhat, a decade later when hacks with a 555 Timer chip, a few NAND gates or NTSC timing hijinks to get color was not where the industry was going. He took a back-seat on the engineering side.

At the same time, not to diminish Woz's skills in 1975, there were a lot of other smart kids in the "Valley" then that did have their home-brew computers become a product.

(And then so much more to unpack when you allow for Job's contributions, U.S. schools purchasing Apple computers, etc.)
by WangComputers | 2025-12-13 14:33:29+00:00
Very few people understand the real reason why Kodak failed to dominate the digital world. It actually dates back to a 300 million dollar lawsuit which Honeywell won against Minolta over a patent for an autofocus system. The Japanese camera companies were so outraged over this perceived injustice that they vowed never to engage in technology sharing with American companies ever again and this ended up crippling Kodak's ambitions.
by chongli | 2025-12-13 14:33:53+00:00
This is a problem with modern life in general. Computing and the internet have exploded the complexity of society. Regular people have so much on their plate as it is (school, work, family, mortgage, etc) that they simply cannot keep up with all of the privacy and security risks of a digital life. They also can't keep up with the complexity of politics and civic life, but that's another discussion entirely!
by fschuett | 2025-12-13 14:34:08+00:00
I once had an idea to build an "probabilistic routing" system that "predicts" the likelihood of arriving at your destination. I.e. "you have a 85% likelihood of arriving in Berlin over Route Y instead of the official Route X because it uses train connection Z, which is historically always late". Obviously the bahn.de routing will only get you the "quickest calculated connection", but then during the travel I rarely have one day where there's no "your connection is not available anymore, please look for an alternative" error in the DB App. Especially if you have to change regional trains 3, 4 or 5 times.

Basically, my method of traveling with Deutsche Bahn has now gotten me back to improving my geography, because I developed an instinct of "try to get as physically close to where you want to go because as soon as you step outside the train, you have no guarantee that the next train will arrive". Rather than immediately planning the entire trip in advance, I'll say "okay I need to head roughly east and I know that larger cities have more frequent connections, so if anything happens, I prefer being stranded in a large city rather than being stuck in No Mans Land just because bahn.de says it's the fastest connection". This is very important when traveling late in the day, to not spend the night at a station.

The downside is obviously that German traveling has now degraded to a state of "medieval mode" traveling, where you have to plan your overnight stops at the local inn while fighting robbers, peasants and bicyclists for a spot in your horse carriage (sorry, I mean "RE3"). But when you are eventually stranded in Knitschendorf-Unteroblingen main station at 23:59pm because bahn.de said that there should be a train here and then staring into the night sky above you, at least you remember that traveling beyond the horizon has finally become magical again. Onto new adventures, travelers! See y'all at Mt. Doom.
by mhalle | 2025-12-13 14:34:08+00:00
Skills are not just markdown files. They are markdown files combined with code and data, which only work universally when you have a general purpose cloud-based code execution environment.

Out of the box Claude skills can call python scripts that load modules from Pypi or even GitHub, potentially ones that include data like sqlite files or parquet tables.

Not just in Claude Code. Anywhere, including the mobile app.
by uberman | 2025-12-13 14:34:16+00:00
Absolutely, but it is much worse. Hey, I'm a fan of llm assist but I have seen vibe coders at work say. Here is my feature request and here is my code base. Make it happen. Then run two tests and commit.

I sometimes call them into code reviews to talk about how they implemented their PR. Most of the time they cant even say what files they modified let alone what they actually committed.

Sure it works now but in a month it will be a black box that noone can find let alone fix.

Just my 2 cents.
by seec | 2025-12-13 14:34:17+00:00
Well, if it's just for entertainment, then books don't have more value than any other medium or way to spend time to entertain yourself.

People have a book fetish because they imagine books are necessarily better quality, but it is actually rarely the case. Reading valuable books is hard, takes time, effort, and concentration, and is out of the means of most people.

And that's just about all there is to it. Stuff that would have been books previously, now are just long articles because the commercial incentives have changed (just like music albums have disappeared). It's not a bad thing in my book!
by rixed | 2025-12-13 14:35:17+00:00
Scheduling trains is a complex problem involving many parameters, but the public see only one facet of it: is my train delayed or not?

Of course delays depend on budget and investments, and bureaucracy.

But not only. For instance, comparing high speed trains in Germany and France can give the impression that German trains are ineficient and slow, but Germany being a much less centralized country, which is good, trains have to make many more stops, oftentimes leading to more complex scheduling and not being able to reach the top speed between stops, and thus less time to catch up on small delays.

Similarly, there are different policies regarding international trains vs national trains, or freight vs passenger, and also different variables they can optimize for: number of delays, total duration of delays, availability of emergency paths, etc, and various policies will yield different sentiment regarding "is my train on time".

A document that gives an overview of the variety of policies across Europe: https://rne.eu/wp-content/uploads/RNE_OverviewOfthePriorityR...