MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by lovich | 2025-12-16 02:44:15+00:00
The person I was responding to was talking about gender, but if you want to talk about biology then

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex#Prevalence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinefelter_syndrome

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXYY_syndrome

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXXY_syndrome

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXXYY_syndrome

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXXXY_syndrome

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisomy_X

I assume you will be one of the advocates for my nobel prize

edit: I'm sorry you specifically mentioned gametes, we can talk about diploids and haploids if you wish and how our bodies are such complicated machines that any sort of error that can occur in our growth is guaranteed to at scale
by roywiggins | 2025-12-16 02:44:49+00:00
The good cops, such as they are, get run out if they try to challenge the institutional problems in police forces. This radically restricts how good a cop can be while still being a cop.

Can good cops speak up about bad cops and keep their job, or do they have to remain silent? How many bad things can you see in your workplace without quitting or whistleblowing while still being a decent person? Can they opt out of illegal but defacto ticket quotas and still have a career? Does writing a few extra tickets so you can stay in the force long enough to maybe change it make you part of the problem?

Many people look at the problems in policing and say that anyone working inside that system simply must have compromised themselves to stay in.
by kreelman | 2025-12-16 02:44:59+00:00
That was a neat article.

Great that you had the time to be curious and dig into what was going on. QEMU is quite an amazing tool.

I'm kind of surprised there isn't a fairly robust kernel test around this issue, since it locks the machine down and I think the fix was to prevent a stuck CPU last time as well?

It's also vaguely surprising that this hasn't been encountered more often, particularly by the https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=everlier talking in links to this HN post about "20-30 containers" running simultaneously and occasionally locking up the machine.

If you're still thinking about the bug a little, you could look over how other kernel tests work and implement a failing test around it....?

I imagine the tests have some way of detecting a locked up kernel... I don't know exactly how they'd do it, but they probably have a technique. Most likely since the kernel is literally in a loop it won't respond to anything.. so starting any process, something as simple as creating any process, even one as simple as printing "Hello World!!" would fail and indicate the machine is locked.

Perhaps this is one of those cases where something like UserModeLinux would allow a test to be easily put together, rather than spawning complete VMs via some kind of VM software. Again, would be interesting to know what Linux does with this kind of test.
by eru | 2025-12-16 02:45:41+00:00
As Matt Levine points out, the revolving door often works in more interesting ways.

If you are a bureaucrat, the way to maximise your next paycheck is often to be especially tough on companies (and on the margin push for more complicated rules that you can be an expert in). Simplified, the logic is "See how tough I am, you better give me a good paycheck to make sure I'm playing on your team."

The beauty is: the bureaucrats at the regulator don't even need to consciously think this way. They can be tough out of the ideological and conscientious conviction at the bottom of their heart, and the mechanism that gives them comparatively higher pay afterwards still works. Being tough also raises your profile, when you are but a junior or middling drone.

The logic you are describing might work, but only for the most senior appointees who already have a high profile.
by Telaneo | 2025-12-16 02:45:46+00:00
> That part was specifically about train stations and classrooms.

Depending on where I'm standing inside a train station, I'll be much more likely to see a digital sign saying when the next one arrived in minutes rather than a clock (a fair amount do have clocks, but they all have digital signs that give you what you actually want more quickly anyway, while being a whole lot more visible). If I'm at a tram or a metro stop, I'll definitely have the sign, but probably no clock.

I've had a computer and thus a digital clock in front of me in class since high school.
by jrowen | 2025-12-16 02:46:06+00:00
That's fair, I understand that it's not the best learning tool but is it doing "good" overall in nudging people toward learning, is it more "educational" than Candy Crush or Tiktok (which he seems to see as competitors)? Genuine question.

As far as CEOs go he did seem sincere to me in a half-business half-believer kind of way. The interviewer asks pointedly about his transition from academia to IPO-land.
by eucyclos | 2025-12-16 02:46:22+00:00
I saw (and rode in) a lot of them in Alberta (Canada's Texas). Typical day for a work truck:

-owner starts you up from the hotel parking lot

-3-5 guys get in, you get your morning coffee via a drive through

-You pick up a 'slip tank' of diesel (think a metal box with its own fuel pump that sits in the bed and holds about a ton of liquid when full). You might fill up your own tank at the same time, typically on the employer's dime.

-you drive 1-3 hours over dirt roads and ice to get to the work site

-you fill up the heavy equipment from your slip tank, then stand for about 10 hours - you might be idling for part of that depending on temperature

- you drive another 1-3 hours back to the hotel parking lot. the owner plugs in your block heater so your fuel doesn't solidify overnight and you get ready to do it again the next day.

Trucks look impractical when they're getting groceries in the city, but everything about them - the height, the large cabs, all of it - is highly optimized for a particular kind of job. It might not be as common a job as it was when this design rose to prominence, I have no insight as to that, but there is a reason for everything about them being the way it is.
by jamblewamble | 2025-12-16 02:46:31+00:00
>Bloom et al. looked across many sectors, from agriculture to medicine to computing. In each field, productivity measures have grown at the same rate as before. This sounds like good news, except that the number of researchers in each of these fields has exploded. In other words, each researcher produces much less than they used to — something you might expect if ideas really are getting harder to find.

Each researcher produces less on average, but that is just restating the statistic in different terms.

I suspect the answer is just that increasing the number of people in a research field does not mean it produces more innovations. Almost all the big innovations are produced by a tiny number of people. Let's call them the geniuses. The geniuses of a field adore the field, were never going to study anything else, and would contribute to innovation no matter what. Everyone else just fiddles around the edges. That's why making PhD-level research much more accessible hasn't increased the amount of innovation even close to commensurately.

We now have tidier, cleaner theories. They cover more edge cases. They're neater. All the little side branches are investigated and filled in. But we aren't getting more big leaps.
by encom | 2025-12-16 02:47:41+00:00
I've tried speaking danish to ChatGPT and asking it very simple questions. I even tried using complete words and pronouncing them properly (inb4 kamelåså)[1], but it didn't help. I didn't manage to have it transcribe a single sentence properly.

[1]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-mOy8VUEBk
by naasking | 2025-12-16 02:48:10+00:00
> What I mean is the risk of hitting the limit of number of available counter bits.

I think this is vanishingly unlikely in a system like EROS/CapROS. As I said, revocations in such a system are very rare, and the version number is 32-bits. This system is checkpointed and so object IDs and their versions can be garbage collected during the checkpoint.
by lovich | 2025-12-16 02:48:43+00:00
No, if its randomly distributed then every specific configuration has the same exact chance of happening.

I am laughing at all the people coming out of the woodwork to reply to my original post in this thread misunderstanding randomness and chance.

If you flip a coin a million times and it lands on head every single time, the millionth and 1 time still has a 50/50 chance of landing on heads
by IgorPartola | 2025-12-16 02:49:42+00:00
This is anecdotal but I have a gas F-150 that is often a grocery getter (I work from home and take a motorcycle when I can so gas mileage for me isn’t as big a concern as for some) and I would gladly trade it for an electric or a hybrid version (one that does not have the gas motor do anything but charge the batteries). But the cost was absolutely asinine for the Lightning. These trucks were made from unobtainium.

But I would also trade this truck for an all electric or mostly electric Maverick as long as it had enough cabin space for my needs (children).
by EdwardDiego | 2025-12-16 02:49:57+00:00
I'd love an off-road capable electric 4WD (because think about how amazing having computer controlled precision torque applied to wheels individually would be for getting out of a tricky situation).

Especially if you could buy some kind of field charging kit - maybe something you could power off a wood fire or flexible solar panels that you could stow. I imagine that's not realistic at the moment, but a boy can dream.
by LargoLasskhyfv | 2025-12-16 02:50:35+00:00
STH gives good overviews, did nothing wrong there.

But I wonder about awareness of https://fs.com or in this case specifically https://www.fs.com/eu-en/c/10-25-40-100g-modules-1113 and the fitting 'cables' or rather prefabricated/assembled fibre-assemblies? Like https://www.fs.com/eu-en/c/1-10-25g-sfp-sfp-sfp28-2869 ?
by cbracketdash | 2025-12-16 02:52:39+00:00
I would reject the premise that the field of molecular/biological simulation is underexplored nor that existing approaches are "slower and harder to use than they need to be". This is a field that has been explored, in fact, by the most brilliant minds and the difficulty arises more in theoretical considerations (that is, devising algorithms to faithfully approximate the developed physics) rather than an obvious no-brainer application of AI.

The field of molecular and biological simulation is far more than simply "Newtonian mechanics". There is indeed a field called molecular dynamics (MD) that relies on "classical mechanics" yet it's defined usually in the Lagrangian formalism. Furthermore, there has been tons of work over the past few decades in developing more accurate numerical approximation algorithms. There is a ton of a theory in this field and if you're interested, the "MD Bible" is "Understanding Molecular Simulation" by Daan Frankel.

Now, MD is just the tip of the iceberg. Almost all chemistry simulations are built entirely from making subtle approximations to quantum mechanics and carefully building up frameworks. For example, Hartree-Fock theory (HF), Density Functional Theory (DFT), Couple Cluster theory (CCSD(T)), etc. Then there is a field known colloquially as semi-empirical methods which are a sort of combination of the above two methods. And that's just on the side of chemical simulations (i.e. I'm excluding physics-specific simulations etc).

And now, more recently there has been effort in building machine-learned interatomic potentials, machine-learned density functionals, equivariant graph neural networks, etc etc.

If you're still interested in these class of problems, consider trying to build a good model for OMol25: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.08762
by EdwardDiego | 2025-12-16 02:52:46+00:00
> Not sure I’d call crossing traffic “within a few miles” a near-miss. Even at full cruising speed of 500-600MPH (less because the JetBlue was still on a climb) the civilian aircraft would cover a mile in 6-7 seconds, so we are talking 18 to 24 seconds to close 3-4 miles.

Sweet, so they've got less than half a minute to avoid a collision.
by londons_explore | 2025-12-16 02:52:59+00:00
Please accept the new T&C's within 90 days or your account will be terminated...

2 factor Auth now compulsory.

Please validate your identity with our third party identity provider so we can confirm you are not on the sanctions list. If you do not, your account will be blocked.

Etc etc. Every third party service requires at least a little work and brainspace.
by Dylan16807 | 2025-12-16 02:53:32+00:00
> The claim was that one bit was the maximum amount of information you could gain, which is clearly false.

That's not what I see.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46282007 They have an example that calculates the expected information gained by truth booths and all of the top ones are giving more than one bit. How can this be? It is a yes/no question a max of 1 bit should be possible

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46282343 the expected information (which is the sum of the outcome probability times the outcome information for each of the two possible outcomes) is always less than or equal to one.

The specific comment you replied to had one sentence that didn't say "expected" or "average", but the surrounding sentences and comments give context. The part you objected to was also trying to talk about averages, which makes it not false.
by eudamoniac | 2025-12-16 02:53:59+00:00
I have found it always true that the more fun, engaging, addictive, fast, easy, etc any method of learning anything is, the worse it is. The most effective method of learning something is to buckle down in a silent white room in an abandoned cabin in the woods with no electricity or cell service, and just study the damn thing and be bored.

So I guess it depends what your goals are with this thing.
Show HN: GitNotes – Local, context-aware notes built for GitHub
by alohaTool | 2025-12-16 02:55:13+00:00
Hi HN

I built GitNotes, a Chrome (/any Chromium based browser) extension for taking repo-specific notes while browsing GitHub. It lives in the Chrome Side Panel, so your notes stay visible next to the code. Check it here : https://github.com/ParasKoundal/GitNotes

It’s designed for GitHub first, but you can also use it as a general-purpose local notes app.

Highlights - Context-aware: Notes are automatically scoped to the current GitHub repo (owner/repo) - Local storage only: Everything stays on your machine — no accounts, no sync, no servers - Side panel UI: Non-intrusive, works alongside code, PRs, commits - Markdown & rich text - Version history + diffs - Dark mode

Why I built it

I wanted a fast, private way to jot down thoughts while reading code — without switching tabs or trusting a cloud notes app.

Not on the Chrome Web Store yet (manual install via dev mode for now). Would love feedback from people who read or review a lot of GitHub repos.
by roywiggins | 2025-12-16 02:55:25+00:00
that is unfortunately less true that you might think for some students:

https://www.propublica.org/article/garrison-school-illinois-...

https://www.propublica.org/article/shrub-oak-school-autism-n...

https://autisticadvocacy.org/actioncenter/issues/school/clim...

https://www.the74million.org/article/trump-officials-autism-...

"Selected Cases of Death and Abuse at Public and Private Schools and Treatment Centers"

https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-09-719t.pdf

> Death ruled a homicide but grand jury did not indict teacher. Teacher currently teaches in Virginia

https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/area-special-ed-tea...
by GMoromisato | 2025-12-16 02:55:48+00:00
Scenario A: Someone breaks a window and the homeowner buys a replacement.

Scenario B: A homeowner adds a new window to their home.

Scenario C: A homeowner buys an online-course to learn how to make windows and then adds one to their home.

Scenario A has approximately no benefit to the economy. The homeowner is no better off (same number of windows) but had to spend money. The window maker might be better off, but only to the same extent that the homeowner is worse off.

I totally agree that Scenario A is not a benefit to the economy. That's the "broken window fallacy".

But Scenario B is definitely better for the economy. The homeowner has decided that having a new window is better than having the money. So the homeowner is better off. The window maker is also better off because they get the money. This is what happens when a billionaire buys a yacht.

Scenario C is the best. The homeowner has a new skill, which they can use to add more windows to their house or maybe their neighbors' houses. Over time, the amount of money spent on window-making will decrease, but the number of windows will stay constant or increase. That's a net benefit. And the online-course creator still made money.

This is what Musk is doing. He is developing new technologies that enable new capabilities and/or make existing things cheaper (e.g., electric cars, access to space, rural internet connectivity).

There is also Scenario D: The homeowner doesn't buy a new window but just keeps his money under his mattress. This is clearly the worst for the economy. Hording money like that means that there is less money circulating and lowered economic activity. The window maker is worse off, and even the homeowner is worse off if they would like to have a new window.

Billionaires who don't spend their money are the real danger, not the ones who tweet too much.

Investing their money is slightly better in that it makes the price of borrowing cheaper. But that only helps up to a point. Someone has to spend money or else there's no point in being able to borrow some. So I wish more billionaires were following Scenario C.
by lukeschlather | 2025-12-16 02:56:51+00:00
I'm used to simply using a single dash - and I am surprised that anyone who isn't an AI would feel strongly enough to insist upon the em dash character that they would use them deliberately. I will admit the use of a dash (really an em dash in disguise) in that previous sentence felt clunky, but I just felt I needed to illustrate. I mostly write text in text boxes where a dash or pair of dashes will not be converted to an em dash when appropriate, and I often have double dashes (--long-option-here) auto-converted to emdashes when it is inappropriate, so I really dislike the em dash and basically don't use it. Doesn't really seem to be a useful character in English.
by tw04 | 2025-12-16 02:57:32+00:00
> *They're loaded with useless/barely-functional interior electronics that are poor copies of Tesla

Having owned both an EV Ford and a Tesla I can say with absolute certainty that the ford runs circles around the Tesla. Outside of having steam games on the screen, Tesla’s infotainment does literally nothing better, and the interface itself feels like an early 2000s Linux gui. Oh, and Ford actually supports carplay and android auto.
by FartinMowler | 2025-12-16 02:57:53+00:00
Lol, reminds me of a story: at his workplace my brother was invited to join a lottery ticket pool where each got to pick the numbers for a ticket. The numbers he picked were 1-2-3-4-5-6. Although the others, mostly fellow engineers, reluctantly agreed his numbers were as likely as the others, after a couple of weeks they neglected to invite him again.
by jMyles | 2025-12-16 02:59:04+00:00
Call me crazy, but I think any time, any where, without any exceptions whatsoever, someone wants to fly a multi-ton chunk of metal, they need to broadcast telemetry in a cleartext, open standard.

I understand that this might be disruptive to people who want to drop explosives on other people, and while this disruption is a fantastic benefit, it's only a side-effect.
by lern_too_spel | 2025-12-16 02:59:40+00:00
> Clear as day to me. Only reason to chop it up or not cite the source would be to misrepresent what he said.

You're the one who chopped it up. Now tell me where in your chopped up quote does it say he knew where it was going? All I see is speculation.

Even better, tell me why Snowden's leaks didn't say anything about this super illegal program Binney said was going on because of what he speculated so hard?

Even better, tell me why no oversight committee is taking Binney seriously.

Even better, tell me why nobody is suing the government over Binney's speculation.

> Procedurally dismissed

Do you know what standing means? It means their data wasn't collected, so they have no harm to sue over. That's the point, and that's what Snowden's docs proved.

Why do you claim to believe something because of Snowden's documents that is directly contradicted by Snowden's documents? Or are you quietly dropping your claim that Snowden's documents support your conspiracy theory and are now falling back entirely on the lunatic ravings of a middle manager who hasn't worked at the NSA in decades, which aren't supported by any of the leaks that have happened since?
by picki | 2025-12-16 03:00:32+00:00
I get the point you’re making about human self-identification and social signals. That’s an interesting alternative framing of the problem.

What I’m trying to validate at this stage isn’t the philosophical question of “what proves humanity,” but a much narrower one: "Is there demand for a tool that can probabilistically assess whether an image or video has been AI-generated or materially manipulated, using technical signals available today?"

For this idea validation I’m specifically testing whether probabilistic AI/media detection (imperfect as it is) solves a real problem for people today, without requiring new standards or behavior changes.
by digital-cygnet | 2025-12-16 03:00:56+00:00
The bright line distinction is Pepsi watching Food Lion's end-consumer pricing and trying to force it up in order to mollify Walmart.

I actually doubt this is remarkable in the world of major producers and retailers (e.g. I've heard anecdotes of brands sending around reps to ensure that their shelves at retail stores are appropriately well lit and placed, so having an agreement on price seems pretty normal). However, it's probably a good case to get the public thinking about the desireability of such an oligopoly -- evidence that it's not merely better economies of scale and logistics that are keeping Walmart's prices low, but also explicit, private deals that feel shadier. I don't know that anyone did anything objectionable here given the norms and incentives in front of them, but it's a bad look for those norms and incentives.
by sroerick | 2025-12-16 03:01:07+00:00
Interesting! I lived in Illinois, where they are manufactured, and they were everywhere, but they were a luxury vehicle, I never once saw one as a work truck. I'm a little surprised but it isn't that strange.

My general impression is the product class of a Rivian / 150L is probably closer to a Ford Raptor than it is to a work truck. But interesting to hear that may be changing!

If you're buying a Raptor, that's a luxury purchase for sure. But I do know people who use Raptors to haul, so that kind of makes sense.

With the exception of the most ridiculous of chromosomemobiles, I think most people make a very rational calculation about what they will do with their vehicle, even if it's just being able to help somebody move a couch that one time. Usually it's more than that. And towing is a huge part of that equation.
by danaris | 2025-12-16 03:01:39+00:00
> It does actually happen quite often

Maybe it used to.

Nowadays, it's very, very hard for anyone not already born to generational wealth to have enough financial security to start their own competitor to any of the bad companies that are actually causing the problems.

And those bad companies—by far the worst ones, the ones that most need some competition to make them honest again—are also the ones best able to destroy any competitor, because so much of what makes them bad is their titanic size.