MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by fjfaase | 2025-12-23 01:54:04+00:00
I have been reviewing stage0 and gave a presentation, 'reviewing live-bootstrap' about it at WHY2025, in which I also made some suggestions about improving stage0. I am now working on this.

What I refer to as stage0 is the first 19 steps of the mentioned description, which actually involves the execution of over 700 executables. (See presenration for T-diagran.) I believe that number can reduced by at least a half.
by maxdo | 2025-12-23 01:54:06+00:00
you can have a $20 usd /mo cursor with cutting edge models, and pay per use for extra use when you need per token, most of the time you will be ok within basic cursor plans, and you don't need to stick with one vendor. Today Claude is good , awesome ,tomorrow google is good - great.

I sometimes even ask several models to see what suggestion is best, or even mix two. Epcecially during bugfixes.
by refurb | 2025-12-23 01:54:15+00:00
Indeed.

The CA Governor is the one who selects the people on the committee that regulate PG&E.

And the same committee approves PG&E’s budget and rate each year, all the way down to the fine details such as repairing an electrical fence at a substation.

This problem is entirely under the control of Newsom and the CA legislature yet they seem completely uninterested in fixing it.
by Mawr | 2025-12-23 01:54:24+00:00
Random passerby are not law enforcement professionals, they're untrained and therefore can't be held to such standards.

The case of Daniel Penny cited above is straightforward: "Neely boarded the car Penny was riding and reportedly began threatening passengers. After the train had left the station, Penny approached Neely from behind to apply the chokehold, and maintained it in a sitting position until Neely went limp a few minutes after the train had reached the next stop."

That's exactly what a successfully stopped threat looks like. That the threatening person ended up dying is unfortunate, but they did ultimately bring that upon themselves. They were free to stop being a threat to others at any time.

But then I don't know what you're trying to imply with the loss of life to protect material objects comment. Seems like an attempt to troll, because nobody is talking about that.
by ChrisArchitect | 2025-12-23 01:55:31+00:00
Archive links are all good in the comments, but let's make the submission url one of the story links with context:

CBS defends pulling 60 Minutes segment about Trump deportations

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdrnv3keeneo

or

‘60 Minutes’ Pulled a Segment. A Correspondent Calls It ‘Political.’

https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/21/business/60-minutes-trump...
by notepad0x90 | 2025-12-23 01:55:33+00:00
Do you now if FAST and the work on PAKE is available for use in AD?

Heimdal looks very cool, I'm reading up on it to learn about it a bit more. Also, nice work on the SEO! On ddg, searching for "Heimdal" gives your site as the #1 result, beating even wikipedia for the namesake.
by Animats | 2025-12-23 01:56:32+00:00
OK, I suppose I should say something. I've already written on this before, and that was linked above.

You never want TCP_NODELAY off at the sending end, and delayed ACKs on at the receiving end. But there's no way to set that from one end. Hence the problem.

Is TCP_NODELAY off still necessary? Try sending one-byte TCP sends in a tight loop and see what it does to other traffic on the same path, for, say, a cellular link. Today's links may be able to tolerate the 40x extra traffic. It was originally put in as a protection device against badly behaved senders.

A delayed ACK should be thought of as a bet on the behavior of the listening application. If the listening application usually responds fast, within the ACK delay interval, the delayed ACK is coalesced into the reply and you save a packet. If the listening application does not respond immediately, a delayed ACK has to actually be sent, and nothing was gained by delaying it. It would be useful for TCP implementations to tally, for each socket, the number of delayed ACKs actually sent vs. the number coalesced. If many delayed ACKs are being sent, ACK delay should be turned off, rather than repeating a losing bet.

This should have been fixed forty years ago. But I was out of networking by the time this conflict appeared. I worked for an aerospace company, and they wanted to move all networking work from Palo Alto to Colorado Springs, Colorado. Colorado Springs was building a router based on the Zilog Z8000, purely for military applications. That turned out to be a dead end. The other people in networking in Palo Alto went off to form a startup to make a "PC LAN" (a forgotten 1980s concept), and for about six months, they led that industry. I ended up leaving and doing things for Autodesk, which worked out well.
by adamredwoods | 2025-12-23 01:57:30+00:00
Chemotherapy isn't always successful, and depends on the tumor's characteristics, but the idea is yes, less chemo. Histrophy is similar to resection, physically removing a tumor. I've seen chemo options for both scenarios with resectable cancers. For example, hormonal therapy is usually prescribed after resectable breast cancer, regardless of outcome. Or, chemo first to shrink the tumor, and have better surgical margins.
by SilverElfin | 2025-12-23 01:57:42+00:00
Title should say SPARC in all caps but HN converts it automatically.

> Billionaire investor Bill Ackman on Saturday proposed merging SpaceX with Pershing Square SPARC Holdings, a special purpose acquisition rights vehicle created by his firm, Pershing Square Capital Management, that would give Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ:TSLA) shareholders priority access to invest in SpaceX

See https://xcancel.com/BillAckman/status/2002484983123136990 for the actual proposal
by epistasis | 2025-12-23 01:57:45+00:00
I'm not finding much support costs being that low... best collection of info I have seen is here:

https://www.construction-physics.com/p/why-are-nuclear-power...

At 1.5-1.7x the cost of diesel ship, and the "well-managed" Virginia class costing $3.6B, we are at over $1B for 60MW of power, 200MW thermal, which is far worse than larger civilian reactors per watt.

The reason we use nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers are their far superior operational characteristics when compared to hydrocarbon fuels. That benefit is massive and well worth it. For terrestrial grid electricity those benefits don't really exist.
by amluto | 2025-12-23 01:57:52+00:00
Excuse me? This is the basic rate:

https://www.pge.com/tariffs/assets/pdf/tariffbook/ELEC_SCHED...

You pay $0.40317/day for the connection but you get back $58.23 twice per year. That’s $30.70 per year.

It’s the price of the electricity that’s ridiculous in PG&E territory, not the price of the connection.

Note that many commercial users have a very different structure and pay monthly for their peak usage, measured over a 15 minute interval, and separately for their actual energy usage. So if you get a commercial 200A connection, max it out for 15 minutes, and then leave it idle for the rest of the month, you may pay something silly.
by Grimblewald | 2025-12-23 01:58:14+00:00
Well, given you can set your vpn server to also relay dns requests, and have that same server resolve any *.myspecialtld requests makes that a breeze. I run a whole invite only "internet" of sorts doing this with a plain wireguard server (video streaming, webmail, chatbot, personal websites, forums etc) finding a short domain is easy as pie.
by gerdesj | 2025-12-23 01:58:47+00:00
I think you are confusing network layers and their functionality.

"CSMA is no longer necessary on Ethernet today because all modern connections are point-to-point with only two "hosts" per channel."

Ethernet really isn't ptp. You will have a switch at home (perhaps in your router) with more than two ports on it. At layer 1 or 2 how do you mediate your traffic, without CSMA? Take a single switch with n ports on it, where n>2. How do you mediate ethernet traffic without CSMA - its how the actual electrical signals are mediated?

"Ethernet connections have both ends both transmitting and receiving AT THE SAME TIME ON THE SAME WIRES."

That's full duplex as opposed to half duplex.

Nagle's algo has nothing to do with all that messy layer 1/2 stuff but is at the TCP layer and is an attempt to batch small packets into fewer larger ones for a small gain in efficiency. It is one of many optimisations at the TCP layer, such as Jumbo Frames and mini Jumbo Frames and much more.
by dopple | 2025-12-23 01:58:56+00:00
This is exactly how I do it in KDE:

> cat ~/.local/share/kio/servicemenus/convertHEIF.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Service
MimeType=image/heif;
Actions=convertHEIF

[Desktop Action convertHEIF]
Name=Convert to JPEG
Icon=image-bmp
Exec=/bin/sh -c "heif-dec -q 95 %u $(dirname %u)/$(basename %u .heic).jpg"
by varenc | 2025-12-23 01:59:26+00:00
Are the HEIC photos personal ones being created by an iPhone? There's a setting you can flip that'll make your iPhone just take JPGs. Which could make sense from you if you're not getting any benefit from HEIC. https://support.apple.com/en-us/116944#:~:text=How%20to%20ca...

Also I've had no problem with HEIC photos on GPhotos, Dropbox, etc. But YMMV
by anonymousiam | 2025-12-23 02:00:26+00:00
It's P2P as far as the physical layer (L1) is concerned.

Usually, full duplex requires two separate channels. The introduction of a hybrid on each end allows the use of the same channel at the same time.

Some progress has been made in doing the same thing with radio links, but it's harder.

Nagle's algorithm is somewhat intertwined with the backoff timer in the sense that it prevents transmitting a packet until some condition is met. IIRC, setting the TCP_NODELAY flag will also disable the backoff timer, at least this is true in the case of TCP/IP over AX25.
by vkou | 2025-12-23 02:00:33+00:00
1. The stock recovered within 2 years and then shot to the moon.

2. You're not counting all the dividends they've siphoned out.

3. The reason it's at $16 today is because the company destroyed its own value... By prioritizing dividends over maintenance. Which killed a lot of people, destroyed a ton of property, with the damages exceeding the value of the firm. Yet, instead of being zeroed out, the shareholders are still there, still collecting dividends, and in a few years of guaranteed 10% margins, I'm sure the stock will recover.
by mmooss | 2025-12-23 02:01:16+00:00
> Kagan also allowed the teens to connect to his employer’s DEC PDP-8 machine via teletype over phone lines so they could run programs written in TRAC (Text Reckoning And Compiling).

> Being able to work with computers interactively and in real time was generally unavailable to nonprofessional computer users at the time [1966].

What a game-changer and privilege. What hope did kids have to learn about computing at the time? Reading about it in books and magazines wouldn't seem to be sufficient. Did people outside the computer professionals in the special room get to use them? What about people in accounting, science, mathematics, ballistics, etc.?
by TGower | 2025-12-23 02:02:23+00:00
I did a quick alalysis and it actually matched the ~1.5 degree celcius rise pretty accurately. It required a bunch of incorrect simplifying assumptions, but it was still interesting how close it comes.

Estimated energy production from all combustion and nuclear from the industrial revolution onwards, assumed that heat was dumped into the atmosphere evenly at once, calculate temperature rise based on atmosphere makeup. Ignores the impact of some of that heat getting sinked into the ground and ocean, and the increased thermal radiation out to space over that period. In general, heat flows from the ground and ocean into the atmosphere instead of the other way around, and the rise in thermal radiation isn't that large.

On the other hand, this isn't something that the smart professionals ever talk about when discussing climate change, so I'm sure that the napkin math working out so close to explaining the whole effect has to be missing something.
by acheong08 | 2025-12-23 02:03:50+00:00
I personally believe that life is better if you do what you are naturally good at versus something you're interested in. I was lucky that I am both good at and interested in tech.

The LSAT doesn't feel too difficult, especially the sections based around logical reasoning. So if I went back in time and tech somehow wasn't an option, law is probably where I'd be
by epistasis | 2025-12-23 02:04:12+00:00
This is one of the many disadvantages of empowering a strong executive that can overrule the internal specialists. There are also lots of disadvantages of weak executive models of governance too, mostly around stagnation and adherence to the status quo...

Chicago auctioning away its parking revenue for 75 years for a mere $1.6B was a far bigger mistake and curse upon the public. At least the chromebooks have a far shorter lifetime

https://www.npr.org/2025/12/12/nx-s1-5642708/chicago-parking...
by j45 | 2025-12-23 02:04:15+00:00
Many parents think their kids are safe when they are inside the home, without realizing they are letting in the entire world, including things worse than they ever imagined into their homes, through the devices.

In the past, the general disconnection of the world and information had a natural insulation factor. Probably less so today.

Rather than admonish adults, it's actually quite common that many people in many professions don't know how to purchase, or implement software in their day to day work, let alone at home.

Maybe, this is is an aspect of digital literacy that has been lacking - we know that the consumer habit loop that smartphones go after is not always about digital health, or the user's digital literacy, it's about capturing their attention.

Parents actually seem to want the same kind of quality curation not just with the internet, but all areas of their children's lives.

The free for all they may have grown up with 20-40 years ago is simply not the same any more online, or offline.

In that way, even trying to make an effort sometimes isn't enough I'd say. Ignorance is one thing, but maybe it could seem like negligence to others.

Would there be some possible solutions or approaches you or others could offer here to help parents build the skills that lead to not giving up? Sincerely curious where folks see the starting point of these skills.
by soared | 2025-12-23 02:04:27+00:00
You should probably revisit the guidelines, as your flagging policy doesn’t align with HN guidelines:

> On-Topic: Anything that good hackers would find interesting. That includes more than hacking and startups. If you had to reduce it to a sentence, the answer might be: anything that gratifies one's intellectual curiosity.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
by autoexec | 2025-12-23 02:04:48+00:00
> 12 deaths per day is VERY low

Assuming that the number is real, 12 children dying every day from guns is the opposite of VERY low. It's insane. What is your limit? How many child corpses do you think need to be put into the ground every day before the government should pass the kind of laws most Americans are asking them to?

Unlike how most Americans want something done about guns, they don't want to be tracked. There is a lot of opposition to it once people are made aware of the issue. Censorship is pretty unpopular too, although while the majority tends to oppose it, it's far more popular with people in the US than is should be.
by buu700 | 2025-12-23 02:05:27+00:00
Thanks for posting this. Sounds super promising, and the explanation of histotripsy's mechanism of action is compelling.

Given the 2023 approval (for liver tumors) and oversubscribed $250m funding round announced in October, it seems like there's a ton of momentum behind this. I also see that the treatment is available at my local hospital system (Inova), which is an encouraging sign of its general availability.

Anyone who's commenting to ask whether it's an option for you or a loved one, check your state's right-to-try laws. Virginia and various other states do apparently have right-to-try laws that cover medical devices: https://triagecancer.org/state-laws/righttotry.

Fuck cancer.
by michaelbryzek | 2025-12-23 02:05:31+00:00
Ruby script on my PATH to use sips to convert to jpeg. I can cd to the directory and run "convert.rb" - will find all HEIC files and convert

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

def run(extension)
files = `find . -type f -name "\*.# {extension}"`.split("\n")
files.each do |f|
jpg = f.sub(/\.#{extension}/i, '.jpg')
if !File.exist?(jpg)
cmd = "sips -s format jpeg '#{f}' --out '#{jpg}'"
`#{cmd}`
puts cmd
end
end
end

run("HEIC")
run("heic")
by hunterpayne | 2025-12-23 02:05:47+00:00
"while somehow finding room in the same breath to demonize wind and solar energy "

Did you ever consider that all the money spent on expensive renewables is money not spent on cheaper forms of power? Did you ever consider that they are correct and that spending on renewables drives up power costs? Because that's what the data says is happening. Now, I am aware that the amount of FUD on this topic is very different to get through. But if you learn about the differences between capacity and utilization costs and the other accounting games that are played with energy costs, you will learn how to see through the FUD. But I'm sure it is more psychologically comforting to just look down on them which is what you are actually doing.
by Demiurge | 2025-12-23 02:05:53+00:00
Anytime this topic comes up, I ask: Why not both? I don't want to modify my SQL strings every time I change a column. Django ORM lets me combine custom SQL snippets with ORM code. I never hesitate to use custom SQL, but its just not a reasonable default for basic CRUD operations that my IDE can autocomplete. Not only that, but also provide nice feautures pike named arguments, walking relationships, sanitizations, etc. At the same time, I can do a UNIONS, CTES, anything I want. I just don't understand why it's worth arguing against ORMs, when no one is forcing you to stop using raw SQL.

I completely agree, it is absolutely essential to understand what SQL is emitted, and how SQL works. Perhaps the strawman argument against ORMs is that they preclude you from knowing SQL. They don't.
by msisk6 | 2025-12-23 02:06:13+00:00
Oh, I agree. I lived nearby (working for ERCOT; the Texas Power Grid operator) when Alcoa was still there and was planning the shutdown. It seems about half the people in Rockdale worked for either Alcoa, the nearby coal power plant, or the nearby coal mine that fed the power plant.

I remember the local press going on about the crypto mining operation and how folks were going get high-tech jobs in this rural area of Texas. Of course it didn't go that way.

Aluminum smelting is an incredibly energy intensive operation. A lot of places in the US that used to host aluminum smelters now host large datacenters, include the Google data center in The Dalles, Oregon on the Columbia river near a hydro dam. It's a shame that Rockdale didn't get something useful like these other places.

As far as Al smelting in the US; I don't know. I'd imagine it produces a lot of air pollution by itself and uses huge amounts of power that is usually generated by cheap methods like burning rocks (coal) or large hydro operations nearby to minimize transmission costs. Then you gotta get ore to the site. The only Al smelter I recall being left in the US is up near Puget Sound in Bellingham, WA and I think it's currently shutdown.
by dghlsakjg | 2025-12-23 02:06:23+00:00
Ships then, and now, don’t really need numbers for identification. There are various unique numbers that they can and do use occasionally for specific purposes(IMO numbers and hull numbers). However, a ship’s name and home port were, and are, more than sufficient to identify a ship for legal purposes. You don’t need a registration number on a ship, and certainly wouldn’t have needed one then.

The authorities absolutely kept meticulous records of ships entry and exit from any harbour as well as what was on board, what was loaded and unloaded and frequently a list of all persons onboard.

Some flag states enforce uniqueness constraints on name and home port combinations. The US does not, but that really doesn’t matter much in the real world. There just aren’t that many conflicts.

More importantly, the founding fathers very much did not extend privacy rights to ships. Intentionally so. The very first congress passed a law in 1790 that exempted ships from the requirements of needing a warrant to be searched.

The ability to track and search ships without warrants has been an important capability of the federal government from day one.

Hell, the federal register of ships is published and always has been. I don’t know how they would have felt about private cars, but the founding fathers revealed preference is that shipping and ships are not private like your other “papers and effects” are.
by j45 | 2025-12-23 02:06:33+00:00
It's starting to change in places, including in the US.

The reality is it's not the smartphone, but the slot machine type software running on it.

There's more than enough science that placing this kind of content in front of humans before their prefrontal cortex is fully formed at age 25-26 leads them to leaning on the pre-frontal context of the adults around them, and missing that, whatever they're spending the most time with that's then possibly raising them.

Screens at lower resolutions and quality didn't seem to be as much of an issue compared to the hyper saturated motion with sound effects that are consciously chosen to keep eyeballs.

Like anything, digital can be used for good, or bad, and in lieu of good, the other can to happen and become more of a default.
by kelnos | 2025-12-23 02:07:20+00:00
I would definitely call that an inefficiency. Heat is wasted energy that in theory could be turned into useful work. The electricity used that created that heat (that is, not including the electricity that "went to" the computations themselves) ended up serving no useful purpose.

It would be wonderful if we could capture that waste heat and give it a useful purpose, like heating homes, or perhaps even generating new electricity.

(And this is before getting into the fact that I believe mining cryptocurrency is a wasteful use of electricity in the first place.)
by mattmaroon | 2025-12-23 02:07:57+00:00
But that’s the point. I didn’t make an unprovable assertion, I called someone out for doing so. I haven’t made a single point based on my own experience or anecdotes either.

People say things that “feel right”. This is a left leaning community, when the right is in power everything is a dumpster fire. Over on the right wing communities, the opposite is true.

None of it means anything. Data is the guide post.

See the link you just sent me which is people at Disney World who cannot afford to be at Disney!
by Xeronate | 2025-12-23 02:08:25+00:00
I worked for a publicly traded corporate elearning company that was written this way. Mainly sprocs with a light mapping framework. I agree this is better as long as you keep the sprocs for accessing data and not for implementing application logic.

ORMs are way more trouble than they’re worth because it’s almost easier to write the actual SQL and just map the resulting table result.
by exmadscientist | 2025-12-23 02:10:13+00:00
> often, what I actually need is just a little bit of weird logic that's asynchronous

As a concrete example of this: two weeks ago I wanted a 21-input OR gate. It would have been wonderful if I could spend a little bit of money, buy a programmable thing in a 24-pin package, put it down, figure out some way to get the bitstream in (this is never pleasant in medium-volume manufacturing, so it's not like we're going to solve it now), and get my gate function that is literally one line of HDL. One. Line.

As it was, a 21-input OR gate is so much work in 74-series logic that I abandoned that whole thing and we did the bigger-picture job in a different, worse, way.