MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by IgorPartola | 2025-12-03 15:48:22+00:00
Or we can recruit lawmakers how we choose juries: randomly. Every two years we randomly select 435 individuals to serve in the House and 100 random people for the Senate. We pay them well, and they pass a basic literacy test. No money in politics, no parties. You have to for a coalition to govern.

One objection could be this: but what if we hire unqualified people. The counterargument: do you think are current legislators are more or less qualified than an average person?

Another objection: but what if they don’t want to do it? Counterargument: when a juror does not want to be on a case, they are almost always dismissed from it. Doesn’t mean you get to skip jury duty, just that you don’t get to do that one.

One last one: this will disrupt those people’s lives. Counter argument: what Congress is and isn’t doing right now is disrupting everyone’s lives as are lobbyists and special interest groups.

Something similar has been done in Ireland with their assemblies. And I do think that if you cannot convince 535 randomly selected average citizens that a law should be passed, that law is probably not worth passing.

Democracy is a terrible form of government. It’s just that it is about 5x better than anything else we have invented so far. Doesn’t mean we should stop looking for a better system.
by yannyu | 2025-12-03 15:48:32+00:00
The article takes this on a couple times:

> The outcome is $4.9T - which would make it the 3rd largest economy in the world, a high 8% admin costs - compared to the UK’s 2% admin, with medical bankruptcy still possible. We’ve never agreed on what we value. So we built a system that embodies our disagreement: employer-based coverage (market choice) plus Medicare (social insurance) plus Medicaid (safety net) plus exchanges (regulated markets).

> Decision #1: Workers pay at least twice

Here’s the first thing that jumps out: if you work a job in America (and you presumably do, to afford the internet where you’re reading this), you’re already paying for healthcare in multiple places on this chart:

Taxes: federal, state, and local taxes finance Medicare, Medicaid, and various public health programs in so many places. Our attempt at embedding it in single payer. Payroll: if you’re employed, your employer pays taxes on Medicare (even though you presumably can’t use it until you retire at 65). This is a cost that doesn’t go to your salary. Insurance premiums: get deducted from your paycheck to fund the employer group plans ($688B from employees alone).

> Could America make this choice? Technically, yes. Politically, we’d need to agree that healthcare is a right we owe each other, funded collectively through taxes. That would mean massive tax increases, eliminating private insurance as the primary system, and trusting a single federal agency.

The operational resistance alone would be too much: I’ve watched hospital execs squeeze out thinning margins and payer executives navigate quarterly earnings calls. We’re talking about unwinding a $1T+ private insurance industry, reconfiguring every hospital’s revenue model, and convincing Americans to trust the federal government with something they currently (sort of) get through their jobs. That ship didn’t just sail - it sank decades ago.
by justinhj | 2025-12-03 15:48:36+00:00
Reader monads have been used to implement dependency injection in Haskell and Scala libraries. A monad in general is the ability to compose two functions that have pure arguments and return values that encode some effect... in this case the effect is simply to pass along some read only environment.

Based on my understanding of above, passing an environment as a parameter is not the Reader monad, in fact passing the parameter explicitly through chains of function calls is what the Reader monad intends to avoid in typed, pure functional programming.
by mbesto | 2025-12-03 15:48:40+00:00
> It's only about bookkeeping.

> Some of them are now at 6 years.

There are three distinct but related topics here, it's not "just about bookkeeping" (though Michael Burry may be specifically pointing to the bookkeeping being misquoted):

1. Financial depreciation - accounting principals typically follow the useful life of the capital asset (simply put, if an airplane typically gets used for 30 years, they'll split the cost of purchasing an airplane across 30 years equally on their books). Getting this right has more to do with how future purchases get financed due to how the bookkeepers show profitability, balance sheets, etc.. Cashflow is ultimately what might create an insolvent company.

2. Useful life - per number 1 above - this is the estimated and actual life of the asset. So if the airplane actually is used over 35 years, not 30, it's actual useful life is 35 years. This is to your point of "some of them are 6 years old". Here is where this is going to get super tricky with GPUs. We (a) don't actually know what the useful life is or is going to be (hence Michael Burry's question) for these GPUs (b) the cost of this is going to get complicated fast. Let's say (I'm making these up) GPU X2000 is 2x the performance of GPU X1000 and your whole data center is full of GPU X1000. Do you replace all of those GPUs to increase throughput?

3. Support & maintenance - this is what actually gets supported by the vendor. There doesn't seem to be any public info about the Nvidia GPUs but typically these are 3-5 years (usually tied to the useful life) and often can be extended. Again, this is going to get super complicated to financially because we don't know what future advancements might happen to performance improvements to GPUs (and therefore would necessitate replacing old ones and therefore creating renewed maintenance contracts).
by jakobnissen | 2025-12-03 15:48:47+00:00
They do, and the order of the passes matter. Sometimes, optimizations are missed because they require a certain order of passes that is different from the one your compiler uses.

On higher optimization levels, many passes occur multiple times. However, as far as I know, compilers don't repeatedly run passes until they've reached an optimum. Instead, they run a fixed series of passes. I don't know why, maybe someone can chime in.
by phantasmish | 2025-12-03 15:49:08+00:00
Citizens United isn’t a law, it’s a shitty Supreme Court decision. It’s on the long list of obvious problems we can’t fix without first reforming the courts (I favor increasing the justice count to match the number of circuits, and also drawing the Supreme Court justices by lot for each session from the “lower” courts—shouldn’t be any constitutional issues with that approach, so it’s just a normal law, and it ought to be easier to sell than simply expanding the court and “packing” it since it’s less-partisan)
by IAmBroom | 2025-12-03 15:49:16+00:00
That's what is expected; a feature not a bug.

If you insist that weeks begin on <SOME WEEKDAY>, then either some of the first week of a year is in the previous calendar year, or some days of the new year aren't in the first week.

365 mod 7 is not 0. Neither is 265.24 (leap years don't exist on century years).
by hbosch | 2025-12-03 15:49:21+00:00
Are you sure? While Amazon doesn't own a "true" frontier model they have their own foundation model called Nova.

I assume if Amazon was using Claude's latest models to power it's AI tools, such as Alexa+ or Rufus, they would be much better than they currently are. I assume if their consumer facing AI is using Claude at all it would be a Sonnet or Haiku model from 1+ versions back simply due to cost.
by medbar | 2025-12-03 15:49:33+00:00
Location: Orlando, FL

Remote: Yes, or in-office

Willing to relocate: Yes

Technologies: C++, C, Python, Linux, Git, Bash, SQL, Javascipt, Typescript, Java, HTML, CSS, React, Redis, Next.js, RAG, Vector DB, Docker, NoSQL, Vercel

Résumé: https://davidsantamaria.com/resume.pdf (PDF) and https://medbar.dev/resume

email: dsantamaria1245@gmail.com

linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/davidsantamaria1245/

github: https://github.com/Daves1245

I’m a Software Engineer with ~1 year of experience. In college I had internships at Google and a startup. Since Jan 2025, I’ve done freelance work, including frontend work for a YC-backed startup. I’m interested in systems programming, full-stack, and AI engineering.

I was part of my university’s JV programming team, where we won the ICPC Southeast Regionals Division 2 contest. My codeforces peak rating is 1506 (Specialist).

Recently I've been working on my own OS, where I just added a keyboard driver and makeshift kernel-land shell that can generate a maze and solve it (demo: https://medbar.dev), a discord bot that answers questions about a github repo using RAG, a discord clone to learn system design, a community driven site that vibe codes itself, and I'm currently planning a binarysearch.com clone since the original site went down, which let you compete solving leetcode-style problems against friends.

You can schedule a quick chat with me at https://calendly.com/dsanta01
by the_other | 2025-12-03 15:49:35+00:00
I have a theory for this, but I don't know how I'd test for it (and I don't work in the field).

We have a time window within which audio stimulae are interpreted as being "the same sound". When you hear two impulses outside that window, they seem to be different sounds. You can play with this by looping two similar or copies of a sound and then varying their offset a few ms either way. They'll move in and out of seeming like the same and different sounds, and around the crossover point you get ringing effects (especially if there's more than two copies, such as with tight echoes).

To me, this seems like a fundamental part of music interpretation. Not the core, but very significant.

Also, different species have different time perceptions. (I mean, I'm kinda guessing, but they all have different heart rate ranges, attention spans, brain wave frequency ranges etc, all of which imply to me a varience in time perception). Our music makes sense against our time perception; we're quite sensitive to it... raise the bmp of a track by just 2 or 3 and it feels quite different. Change from 50% swing to 53% (or 52 if you're really sensitive) and your sense of the groove changes meaningfully. Pass all that through the "different perception of time" and it's easy to imagine our music means nothing to other species.

It also seems likely to me that:

a) most species have different sized windows

b) they perceive blends of frequencies quite differently depending on the window length

So, what seems like coherent, organised sound with a "story" or "meaning" or "structure" to us, probably becomes mush to most other species.

Then note that the different frequency ranges in which animals hear, the different ways their ears focus sound... etc. Us humans are creating organised sound around the biology of our auditory system; the perception of organisation is likely very different for most other species.

Just the difference between boom and bap, boom ... bap... boom... bap... tells us "something". but it's gonna tell you something different if you hear it as ttppssssss daaaaapppp ttpppssssss ddaaappppp.

Music is a hack.
by messe | 2025-12-03 15:49:46+00:00
> Refactoring and plumbing code to change where io happens is going to be a nightmare.

I doubt it. It's pretty rare that I want to change something deep in my code to suddenly want to do IO.

This has been a non-issue for me with Zig's approach to Allocators, and I doubt it will become an issue with Io.
by afavour | 2025-12-03 15:49:57+00:00
> If someone "takes pride in their work" and makes my game load five times longer, I'd rather they go find something else to take pride in.

And others who wish one single game didn't waste 130GB of their disk space, it's fine to ignore their opinions?

They used up a ton more disk space to apply an ill-advised optimization that didn't have much effect. I don't really understand why you'd consider that a positive thing.
by JoshTriplett | 2025-12-03 15:50:07+00:00
> very little empirical evidence

Evidence is easy to turn up and cite:

https://security.googleblog.com/2025/11/rust-in-android-move...

https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/urgent-need-memory-saf...

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/msrc/blog/2019/07/a-proactiv...

https://www.chromium.org/Home/chromium-security/memory-safet...

https://hacks.mozilla.org/2019/02/rewriting-a-browser-compon...
by redhog | 2025-12-03 15:50:16+00:00
I built LiteralAI, a new way to use AI for coding. Unlike agentic AI IDEs like Cursor, LiteralAI doesn’t forget your prompts. Instead, prompts live inside your code, version-controlled, and are compiled into actual Python functions.

* Functions with only docstrings/comments are auto-generated.

* Change the signature or comments, and the function updates automatically.

* No external state, no black-box memory—just your code.

It’s like having an AI compiler for your Python project. Curious if others see this as useful or over-engineered.
by WreckVenom | 2025-12-03 15:50:47+00:00
> The reason that many cyclists hate drivers is that because drivers are a political force that makes their lives worse.

No the reason that some cyclists "hate" drivers is because they are extremists and it crosses over politically with other things such as environmentalism, veganism etc. I have met these people and at one time I would have been inside this group (even though I was more moderate).

The vast majority of cyclists even if they would like better infra do not hate drivers. Mainly because they are not activists/extremists.

You are talking to someone that used to believe all this talking points that you are regurgitating. I no longer believe it.

> You had an accident - did you fall over? How? Due to missing, badly maintained or badly designed cycling infrastructure? Were you hit by a car, due to lack of cycling infrastructure (protected intersections, protected bike lanes, pedestrian and cycling bridges and overpasses, etc)?

It had nothing to do with whatever solution you've been told is beneficial to push.

I actually don't like cycling infrastructure because it makes bikes less numerous on the road and drivers less aware that there maybe cyclists.

> Your bike was damaged/stolen? How? Where? Was it because of a lack of safe bike parking infrastructure? Because of a lack of a bike frame serial number database and a lack of interest from the police to reduce bike theft, because they have to focus on more pressing issues like preventing and reducing car theft?

In the UK a lot of the anti-theft infra exists. A lot of bicycles are recovered. It got stolen because somebody was a thieving shit and there were plenty of them in that area. Simple as that.

It the same for cars, phones, laptops whatever. If you are in a high crime area (normally city), you will be a victim of crime. I employ the "beater bicycle" technique by riding a bike that isn't worth much and thus isn't worth stealing. I don't leave my nice bikes unattended. Zero thefts as a result of my techniques which is basically not leave anything in public that is worth stealing if is a built area.

Also I don't talk to the police.

> Which - if you would actually watch his videos - IS EXACTLY WHAT HE IS SAYING!

I am aware of all the arguments. I've heard them all before. Nothing you have mentioned is new. Nothing what they will say is new.
by ToucanLoucan | 2025-12-03 15:50:48+00:00
And this is the core problem with the modern platform internet. One victor (or a handful) take the lead in a given niche, and it becomes impossible to get away from them without great personal cost, literal, moral, or labor, and usually a combo of all three. And then that company has absolutely no motivation at all to prioritize the quality of the product, merely to extract all the value from the user-base as possible.

Facebook has been on that path for well over a decade, and it shows. The service itself is absolute garbage. Users stay because everyone they know is already there and the groups they love are there, and they just tolerate being force-fed AI slop and being monitored. But Facebook is not GROWING as a result, it's slowly dying, much like it's aging userbase. But Facebook doesn't care because no one in charge of any company these days can see further than next quarter's earnings call.
by bombcar | 2025-12-03 15:50:58+00:00
Many countries around the world are the size of US States. The UK and Germany are only twice the size of California, for example.

The problem in the US isn't that we can't do things, it's that nobody can agree on what to do. And to solve that problem, let states do their own thing as much as we can, and it'll become obvious where the good systems are.

Or in other words, an argument needs to be made why the EU "works" with individual "states" doing their own thing, but the US cannot "work" unless it's considered as one large country.
Show HN: Chapplin – a type-safe, all-in-one framework for the ChatGPT Apps SDK
by ssssota | 2025-12-03 15:51:04+00:00
I built chapplin, a small framework for making ChatGPT Apps. The Apps SDK gives only low-level primitives, and building UI means bundling a single HTML file with all JS/CSS inside an MCP server. The build setup and type sharing became painful, so I made a tool that hides the build process and provides a type-safe setup end-to-end.
by derefr | 2025-12-03 15:51:13+00:00
Even better / potentially more surprising:

unsigned mult(unsigned x, unsigned y) { unsigned y0 = y; while (x--) y = add_v1(y, y0); return y; }

optimizes to:

mult(unsigned int, unsigned int): madd w0, w1, w0, w1 ret

(and this produces the same result when substituting any of the `add_vN`s from TFA)
by throwup238 | 2025-12-03 15:51:56+00:00
Good catch on the AMA. I should have said medical licensing boards.

> But are you suggesting we have separate licenses for every different type of developer? We have new types coming up every few years.

I didn’t suggest that at all and I honestly can’t figure out how you came to that interpretation unless you are hallucinating.

> The whole idea of guilds for developers is just stupid and impractical. It could never work on any long term or large scale basis.

What a convincing argument! You should get a cabinet post.
by JoahYi | 2025-12-03 15:52:30+00:00
I built a small web app for trying out Z Image Turbo, an ultra-fast text-to-image model that generates up to 2K (2048×2048) images and handles English + Chinese text in a single shot: https://zimageturbo.app/

A few details: – Uses the 6B-parameter Z Image Turbo model from Tongyi-MAI, which fits in 16GB VRAM while still producing high-quality images. – Supports up to 2048×2048 output and multiple formats (PNG/JPG/WebP). – Optimized for prompts that mix image description and typography (e.g. posters, covers, logos with both English and Chinese text).

My goal with this site is: – Make it easy to try the model without setting up GPUs, ComfyUI, or downloading weights. – Provide a simple, focused UI for fast iteration instead of a “do everything” image lab.

I’d love feedback from HN on: – Latency and UX (does it feel “instant” enough for you?). – Prompt handling, especially for bilingual text. – What knobs / features you’d actually want exposed (seed control, negative prompts, presets, etc.).

Link: https://zimageturbo.app/

Happy to answer technical questions in the comments and share more details about how it’s wired up.
by welcome_dragon | 2025-12-03 15:52:32+00:00
If I were a bad actor, I'd use things like this to gather people together and/or empty out places.

But... Chicago has a long history of doing anything but actually trying to solve their problems. Suing faceless entities/corporations seems to be the m.o.

Suing other states for not having good enough gun laws because guns surely can only come from other states, things like that. (I'm going off memory here and just had my first coffee).
by zero0529 | 2025-12-03 15:52:36+00:00
I agree with you. It is shitty behavior to say it is not AI written when it clearly is.

But I also think we at this point should just assume that everything is partially written using AI.

For your last point, I think this was also a problem before LLMs. It has of course become easier to fake some kind of ethos in your writing, but it is also becoming easier to spot AI slop when you know what to look after right?
by bombcar | 2025-12-03 15:52:40+00:00
Here's an idea. If other countries can provide healthcare for much less per patient, why can't they sell that to Americans?

In other words, allow US citizens to "opt out" of the US healthcare system and participate in the German one? You'd have to make some allowances for replacing taxes with costs, billing, and allow "German" healthcare to operate in the US ...
by mbesto | 2025-12-03 15:52:47+00:00
> They still work fine but power costs make them uneconomical compared to latest tech.

That's not necessarily the driving financial decision, in fact I'd argue company's with data center hardware purchases barely look at this number. It's more simple than that - their support runs out and its cheaper to buy a new piece of hardware (that IS more efficient) because the hardware vendors make extended support inordinately expensive.

Put yourselves in the shoes of a sales person at Dell selling enterprise server hardware and you'll see why this model makes sense.
by JoshTriplett | 2025-12-03 15:52:54+00:00
> Makes me wonder how much to the mass strife and confusion of the internet is simply down to people not knowing what the words they use mean?

Or being intentionally misled about them. People who enjoy being awful in various ways have a vested interest in reframing the opposition as "political correctness" in order to make it easier to dismiss or ridicule. The vast majority of usage of the term "political correctness" is in dismissing or ridiculing it.
by SoftTalker | 2025-12-03 15:53:05+00:00
Disagree. The main motivation for serving in Congress should be just that - service to the country. Not personal power building, not a career. The actual process, writing bills, parliamentary procedure, is all managed by staff anyway. The representative or senator is mainly the face of the office and should be mostly talking with constituents and not buried in policy.

If there's one qualification test I would possibly support it would to pass a high school AP US History exam.
by Herring | 2025-12-03 15:53:12+00:00
I'm just tired of re-litigating this issue. Discuss with your favorite frontier model. Roughly, productivity has been outpacing pay since the mid 1970s, and I wrote about this in another comment here.

There's just so much confusion here. Some people like you don't get why a world where a handful of billionaires own everything is a bad idea. Madness. I think nothing less than another depression will get through to most.
by dfxm12 | 2025-12-03 15:53:35+00:00
You still have to prove if raising wages will reduce corruption, and if so, prove that it is reasonably cost effective. Keep in mind, there are already independently wealthy people involved in government in the US, and they still engage in corruption: Trump & his family, Musk while at Doge, Chris Collins, etc.

After all, how much do you have to pay the world's richest man to keep things above board, I wonder?
by dangus | 2025-12-03 15:53:47+00:00
80 Democratic cosponsors out of 213 Democratic representatives.

The bill is sponsored by 37% of Democrats

22 Republican cosponsors out of 219 Republican representativs.

The bill is sponsored by 10% of Republicans.

I think you might be jumping to conclusions by calling it a bipartisan flop. Co-sponsorship is not the same as a vote, there may be people not on the sponsorship list who would vote for the bill.

The bill was introduced 3 months ago (43 days these last three months was a government shutdown) and not enough time has passed to determine whether the bill will be a "flop" or not.