MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by ggm | 2025-12-29 04:08:01+00:00
If two individuals come to an agreement outside of google why can't they swap or trade? I can think of many possible reasons BTW but I am interested which ones were the criterion, not just side effects good to have.

The model proposed demands the old address become an alias to the new address. This seems like a sensible simplifying decision.

I may be wrong, but I believe if you formally repudiate an identity in Google it's blocked for reuse, forever.

GSuite may be different.
by jaredcwhite | 2025-12-29 04:09:24+00:00
I disagree with your insinuation that being creative with your mind as a human being is a form of recreation or personal growth or whatever (working out at the gym) whereas "creativity" on behalf of work projects gets done by Big Tech's generative algorithms. It becomes even more confusing because then later on you say "I inevitably will use AI to do many of these Gym tasks" …huh? So now even the creative "gym tasks" are done by AI too? Apparently our personal goals will shrink to a freakishly tiny little list by the end zone of your thought experiment!
by bccdee | 2025-12-29 04:10:51+00:00
Martin Fowler draws a useful distinction between mocks, fakes, and stubs¹. Fakes contain some amount of internal logic, e.g. a remote key-value store can be faked with a hashmap. Stubs are a bit dumber—they have no internal logic & just return pre-defined values. Mocks, though, are rigged to assert that certain calls were made with certain parameters. You write something like `myMock.Expect("sum").Args(1, 2).Returns(3)`, and then when you call `myMock.AssertExpectations()`, the test fails unless you called `myMock.sum(1, 2)` somewhere.

People often use the word "mock" to describe all of these things interchangeably², and mocking frameworks can be useful for writing stubs or fakes. However, I think it's important to distinguish between them, because tests that use mocks (as distinct from stubs and fakes) are tightly coupled to implementation, which makes them very fragile. Stubs are fine, and fakes are fine when stubs aren't enough, but mocks are just a bad idea.

[1]: https://martinfowler.com/articles/mocksArentStubs.html

[2]: The generic term Fowler prefers is "test double."
Validating kiwi (AI design critique w personas) – looking for builder feedback
by brandonlees | 2025-12-29 04:11:34+00:00
hi hn,

i’m building kiwi (try-kiwi.com): an ai design critique tool that reviews your prototype (figma / screenshots / links) using configurable “personas” + heuristics, and outputs actionable issues + suggested fixes. the goal is to catch usability problems fast, before you ship.

i’m trying to validate if this is actually useful for builders (not just designers).

product demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-Q09jvXUTI&t=70s

quick questions (pick any):

- what’s your current workflow for catching usability issues pre-ship? (friends, usertesting, ship + pray, etc.)

- where do you get stuck: “what to build next”, “copy/ux clarity,” “layout/a11y,” “flows,” “edge cases”?

- would you use an automated critique if it was: (a) fast, (b) specific, (c) tied to your target user, (d) not generic?

- what output format would you want: checklist, annotated screenshots, prioritized bug list, jira tickets, diffs, prompt you can paste back into cursor/v0?

- what would make you not trust it? (false positives, vague advice, inconsistent personas, etc.)

- pricing expectation: $0 / $10 / $30 / $100+ per month? or pay-per-prototype?

if you’re down to test: reply with what you’re building + what you’d want critiqued (landing page, onboarding, pricing, dashboard, etc.).

thanks, trying to avoid building in a vacuum.
by Jach | 2025-12-29 04:11:49+00:00
The general term I prefer is test double. See https://martinfowler.com/bliki/TestDouble.html for how one might distinguish dummies, fakes, stubs, spies, and mocks.

Of course getting overly pedantic leads to its own issues, much like the distinctions between types of tests.

At my last Java job I used to commonly say things like "mocks are a smell", and avoided Mockito like GP, though it was occasionally useful. PowerMock was also sometimes used because it lets you get into the innards of anything without changing any code, but much more rarely. Ideally you don't need a test double at all.
by alfiedotwtf | 2025-12-29 04:12:04+00:00
First up, make sure that the Big Ass Textfile is stored in Git (you don’t want your life’s TODO list suddenly vanish).

Now that it’s in Git, feel free to delete each DONE task.

And finally, have a cron job that on the hour does something like ‘git diff > message.txt; git commit -F message.txt’

<— this way, you have your day’s TADA list AND your list in now searchable with dates via ‘git log’

(This was my TODO list for years until I declared TODO bankruptcy and have gone back to physical cards)
by satvikpendem | 2025-12-29 04:12:29+00:00
> It's a huge mistake to narrow down the problems of private equity firms (PEFs) to the dissolution of the companies they buy.

I'm not sure I ever said this, certainly there are some problems attributable to their companies but not all.

> but now it's used by corporations on an industrial scale.

You mean, buying raw goods? It's not "scalping" if a company is buying what they need to integrate into their finished goods. That is to say, they are not buying them with the express purpose of reselling those same items back to you, as is, which is the case with actual scalpers of concert tickets or GPUs for example (and which is the actual definition of scalping, no economist would call this scalping). That's like saying I'm being "scalped" when a construction company buys timber to build into a house. Oh no, I'm being "robbed" of being able to buy my own wood, and the company is increasing the price of the wood by mere fact of buying it up, and then because the house costs more than what I would've paid for the wood.
by callc | 2025-12-29 04:12:37+00:00
Mint is probably around 0.05% of desktop/laptop users.

I think root comment is looking at the overall picture of what all customers can get for their money, and see it getting worse.

This wasn’t mentioned, but it’s a new thing for everyone to experience, since the general trend of computer hardware is it gets cheaper and more powerful over time. Maybe not exponentially any more, but at least linearly cheaper and more powerful.
by KaoruAK | 2025-12-29 04:12:51+00:00
Hey Hacker News,

I'm currently running a script to exploit the Debian OpenSSL vulnerability (CVE-2008-0166) to potentially uncover Satoshi Nakamoto's private key. This vulnerability significantly reduces the search space for private keys, making it feasible to brute-force the key if Satoshi used a vulnerable version of OpenSSL on a Debian-based system.

Background: CVE-2008-0166 affected Debian and Ubuntu systems by using a predictable seed for the random number generator, reducing the entropy of key generation.

My Approach: My Python script iterates over all possible PIDs (1-65,536), simulating key generation on a vulnerable Debian system. For each PID, it generates potential private keys and checks if any match Satoshi's public address.

Code: Check out the complete code and Jupyter notebook implementation on my GitHub: https://github.com/POlLLOGAMER/Project_Satoshi_Nakamoto_Priv...

Execution Time: Estimating around 1.82 hours to complete on a modern CPU.

Conclusion: If Satoshi used a vulnerable OpenSSL version, this exploit should find his private key. Stay tuned for updates!

Feel free to check out the code or contribute. Let's see if we can solve this crypto mystery!
by gorgoiler | 2025-12-29 04:13:33+00:00
I blame the Primaries. The dogs choose the doggiest candidate and the cats choose the cattiest. The llamas and raccoons of Canidsas and Califelinia don’t even bother voting because the dog and cat candidates in these dog and cat voting states have always been and will continue to be in office term after term. The presidential race boils down to a handful of swing voters in purple Pettsylvania and Furrida.
by adastra22 | 2025-12-29 04:14:28+00:00
I know you being somewhat sarcastic, but the problem is the democrats put forward a checkbox-ticking uninspired candidate that had no business running for president - which I say based on her atrocious record in California and as VP. Her gender doesn’t factor into this.

Or in the case of Clinton, the party used undemocratic means to counter a political groundswell for a candidate they didn’t like, triggering an apathetic exit and no turnout for the most important voting bloc.

Most critically, the party seems utterly incapable of learning from these mistakes, and only doubles down on the worst decisions in the next election.

As it stands, we’d probably get a trans candidate (if there is one available) in the next presidential election. Which I’d want to celebrate.. but under present circumstances it would lead to an absolute electoral defeat. The Democratic Party leadership needs to learn to read the f$@!ing room, and put forward candidates with broad appeal.
by woodruffw | 2025-12-29 04:15:07+00:00
It isn't. No evidence has been presented to that effect. Here are some actual numbers[1].

(The classic form of griping over NYC corruption is the MTA which is notable for not being administrated by the city.)

[1]: https://www.vitalcitynyc.org/articles/how-corrupt-is-new-yor...
by hunterloftis | 2025-12-29 04:15:14+00:00
> It'd be perfect it just had a switch to inherit everything the page already has.

It does! <https://lit.dev/docs/components/shadow-dom/>

By default, Lit renders into shadow DOM. This carries benefits like encapsulation (including the style encapsulation you mention). If you prefer global styles, you can render into light DOM instead with that one-line switch.

However, shadow DOM is required for slotting (composing) components, so typically what I'd recommend for theming is leveraging the array option of each component's styles:

static styles = [themeStyles, componentStyles]

Then you define your shared styles in `themeStyles`, which is shared across all components you wish to have the same theme.
by R8dymade | 2025-12-29 04:16:53+00:00
Hello HN(Hacker News),
I’m the author of KRR v2.1. I have a background in Education, not Computer Science, but I built this because I was frustrated with the inefficiency of the current Korean romanization standard (RR).
The Problem:
Existing standards are designed for "sound," not "data."
They are irreversible (Lossy compression).
They are ambiguous (e.g., 'Gang' = River or liver+ㄴ?).
They cause safety issues (The Korean word 니가 transliterates to Niga, triggering filters).
The Solution:
I designed a purely logical, 1:1 mapping protocol.
It uses 3 control keys (\, ~, `) to handle all 11,172 Hangul syllables without collision.
It preserves morphological boundaries (e.g., goog\bab instead of Gukbap), which is better for LLM tokenization.
It is implemented in Python (about 50 lines of core logic).
It might look structurally different from conventional romanization, but for indexing, searching, and AI processing, I believe this is mathematically superior.
The code is open-source (Apache 2.0). I’d love to hear your feedback on the logic.
by retrodaredevil | 2025-12-29 04:19:58+00:00
I don't really like that "enshittified" is being used here. You could argue that Plex, MinIO or Mattermost is being enshittified, but definitely not self hosting as a whole.

Enshittification also usually implies that switching to an alternative is difficult (usually because creating a competing service is near impossible because you'd have to get users on it). That flaw doesn't really apply to self hosting like it does with centralized social media. You can just switch to Jellyfin or Garage or Zulip. Migration might be a pain, but it's doable.

You can't as easily stop using LinkedIn or GitHub or Facebook, etc.
by spankalee | 2025-12-29 04:20:04+00:00
There's a long standing standards issue for this: https://github.com/WICG/webcomponents/issues/909

While you can easily turn rendering to shadow DOM off on a per-component basis, that removes the ability to use slots. It only really works for leaf nodes.

Pulling a stylesheet into every component is actually not bad though. Adopted stylesheets allow you to share the same stylesheet instance across all shadow roots, so it's quite fast.
by seanmcdirmid | 2025-12-29 04:21:29+00:00
As an American, the US perspective is pretty dominate in the US. But still, I never went through a protest that ended in a massacre before, I never had to apply for travel permits to leave my town, nor did I need an exit permit to travel abroad. My first trip to China was in 1999 and things were pretty trippy even that late in their development.

The US...what sort of stories do you get told? Are they experiences that Gen X had in general, or just outliers that perhaps were glamorized by Hollywood? Let me tell you, we really didn't have much going on in general.
by loeg | 2025-12-29 04:21:54+00:00
> The periodicity does have to be a known compile-time ratio expressible as a fraction of seconds

Right, that's the problem I'm describing.

> or just pick one (or several) std::chrono base durations such as standardizing on nanoseconds, and then just count floating-point ticks.

None of this really fits well -- the idea is to count in integer ticks (invariant cycles), without doing expensive division or floating point math. It's like steady clock, but in ticks instead of nanos.
by mbac32768 | 2025-12-29 04:22:38+00:00
Once you accept Curry-Howard, untyped FP languages are hard to take seriously as a foundation for reliability. Curry-Howard changes the entire game. FP and strong types were clearly meant for each other.

Untyped FP languages can be productive, flexible, even elegant (I guess) but they are structurally incapable of expressing large classes of correctness claims that typed FP makes routine.

That doesn’t make them useless, just, you know. Inferior.
by shakna | 2025-12-29 04:25:02+00:00
Whilst the C standard doesn't guarantee it, both LLVM and GCC _do_. They have implementation-defined that it will work, so are not free to optimise it away.

[0] https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#llvm-memset-intrinsics

[1] https://gitweb.git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=gnulib.git;a=b...
by tombert | 2025-12-29 04:25:23+00:00
Yep, gimme ten minutes.

ETA:

https://i.imgur.com/HHBt0QE.jpeg

Forgive the messy desk. I wish I could say it's atypical, but it's not. I always have a ton of projects going on concurrently and as a result it's easy for stuff to pile up. I'll probably clean it this week.

My work computer isn't plugged in so I'm afraid you'll have to use your imagination for the million tmux splits.
by saghm | 2025-12-29 04:26:14+00:00
I'd argue that there's a schema; it's just defined dynamically by the queries themselves. Given how much of the industry seems fine with dynamic typing in languages, it's always been weird to me how diehard people seem to be about this with databases. There have been plenty of legitimate reasons to be skeptical of mongodb over the years (especially in the early days), but this one really isn't any more of a big deal than using Python or JavaScript.
by saidinesh5 | 2025-12-29 04:26:21+00:00
I just assumed that Valve ran out of the APUs AMD made for Steam Deck LCD.

There were news/rumours that it was originally designed for Magic Leap 2 and Valve got the leftovers for cheap: https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/steam-decks-... .

If they're going to spend a premium on ordering a new batch, they might as well order the APU for the OLED model they charge full price right?
by Renaud | 2025-12-29 04:26:23+00:00
Not sure why it would invoke such strong sentiments but if you don’t like the bayer filter, know that some true monochrome cameras don’t use it and make every sensor pixel available to the final image.

For instance, the Leica M series have specific monochrome versions with huge resolutions and better monochrome rendering.

You can also modify some cameras and remove the filter, but the results usually need processing.
A side effect is that the now exposed sensor is more sensitive to both ends of the spectrum.
by crazygringo | 2025-12-29 04:27:18+00:00
But there's no real reason to, and it just adds confusion around which elements are semantic -- bringing formatting, functionality, meaning to screen readers and search engines, etc. -- vs which are custom and therefore carry no semantic meaning.

If there's no native semantic tag that fits my purposes, I'd much rather stick to a div or span as appropriate, and identify it with one (or more) classes. That's what classes are for, and always have been for.

Support for custom HTML elements seems more appropriate for things like polyfills for actual official elements, or possibly more complicated things like UX widgets that really make sense conceptually as an interactive object, not just CSS formatting.

Using custom element names as a general practice to replace CSS classes for regular formatting just feels like it creates confusion rather than creating clarity.
by bccdee | 2025-12-29 04:27:25+00:00
What if you're calling an API? How do you test a tool that does a bunch of back-and-forth with another service without actually hitting that other service? Do you have to spin up your entire k8s ecosystem in a local cluster just to validate that the logic in one function is sound? Do you have to deliberately misconfigure it in order to test that your function handles errors properly?

More broadly, suppose foo() has an implementation that depends on Bar, but Bar is complicated to instantiate because it needs to know about 5 external services. Fortunately foo() only depends on a narrow sliver of Bar's functionality. Why not wrap Bar in a narrow interface—only the bits foo() depends on—and fake it?

I'm not a maximalist about test doubles. I prefer to factor out my I/O until it's high-level enough that it doesn't need unit tests. But that's not always an option, and I'd rather be flexible and use a test double than burden all my unit tests with the full weight of their production dependencies.
by rurp | 2025-12-29 04:28:04+00:00
I switched from mac to linux for my personal dev machine 5-6 years ago but kept using macbooks at work until recently. The keyboard and trackpad are slightly better on macs in my experience, but the difference is small enough that I never think about it.

One caveat is that I've never been a power user of trackpad gestures, so if that's central to your workflow I can't say how the platforms compare.

Overall I'm immensly happy about dropping Apple for Linux, it was definitely the right decision. The initial migration takes a bit to work out but the beautiful thing with Linux is that if you don't like something enough you can usually find a way to change or fix it; with Apple you're left screaming into the void.
by toomuchtodo | 2025-12-29 04:28:27+00:00
The one that made me think of this is Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel in Kasukabe, but I’m sure there are others. If you find a list of civil engineering tours available, please share!

Tokyo Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channe - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43816183 - April 2025 (6 comments)

Tokyo's Underground Discharge Channel - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19785044 - May 2019 (40 comments)

Tokyo Is Preparing for Floods ‘Beyond Anything We’ve Seen’ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15436943 - October 2017 (210 comments)
by elliotto | 2025-12-29 04:28:34+00:00
I wrote this comment in a response to his second chapter, where he presents criticism of the political role of the company as cynical, and then later where he presents a perspective on some tech company anti-union behaviour being conspiratorial.

I definitely took an uncharitable reading, but man am I tired of being told big tech is neutral. I will continue to be cynical and I will continue to gnash my teeth at anyone who tells me otherwise.
by raw_anon_1111 | 2025-12-29 04:32:39+00:00
There are so many things that would have to go wrong for a third party app to surreptitiously activate your camera and pick up images in the background on iOS, this is tin foil hat level concern.

It’s also hilarious how many people worry about covering up their camera on the laptop not thinking that the microphone can pick up much more information in the surrounding area - again worrying about the wrong thing.

Also see, not using biometric security because in the US, police can’t legally make you give up your password - even though police are not above rubber hose decryption, judges hold people in contempt indefinitely and iPhone and Android phones are laughable insecure after first unlock after rebooting your phone.
by refulgentis | 2025-12-29 04:32:50+00:00
Yes, with the direct conclusion from that being tl;dr in theory OPs explanation could mitigate RAM, in practice, it’s worse

(Source: I maintain an app integrated with llama.cpp, in practice no one likes 1 tkn/s generation times that you get from swapping, and honestly MoE makes RAM situation worse because in practice, model developers have servers and batch inference and multiple GPUs wired together. They are more than happy to increase the resting RAM budget and use even more parameters, limiting the active experts is about inference speed from that lens, not anything else)
by MindSpunk | 2025-12-29 04:34:03+00:00
WebGPU is far from cheap and has to do a substantial amount of extra work to translate to the underlying API in a safe manner. It's not 1:1 with Vulkan and diverges in a few places. WebGPU uses automatic synchronization and must spend a decent amount of CPU time resolving barriers.

You can't just ship a WebGPU implementation in the driver because the last-mile of getting the <canvas> on screen is handled by the browser in entirely browser specific ways. You'd require very tight coordination between the driver and browsers, and you still wouldn't be saving much because the overhead you get from WebGPU isn't because of API translation, rather it's the cost to make the API safe to expose in a browser.
by AdamWills | 2025-12-29 04:36:55+00:00
Hmm, this is a very interesting question to ask everyone.
2025 was full of rollercoaster rides for me, but I evolved both personally and professionally with my business, G2Performance.
My business focuses on marching uniforms, equipment, electronics, and more.
Some parts of this year were great, while other parts were about learning, growing, and evolving myself and my business.
by lofties | 2025-12-29 04:36:56+00:00
I used custom elements extensively in 2014 when support was not as widespread. I think it's a beautiful, elegant solution and I'm still a little bit bitter that React became as big as it was. Now everything "has" to be a SPA because developers want to use React, whereas most users would actually be better served with good 'ol HTML with some custom elements where needed.
by rayiner | 2025-12-29 04:37:33+00:00
> They use them heavily when they're available. The NYC subway is very popular and successful, and many see it as a selling point of the city.

NYC has only 2.5% of the U.S. population and even then it has net domestic outmigration (meaning more people move out every year than move in). The city would be shrinking if it wasn’t for international immigrants, who don’t come to the city for the public transit, but rather the welfare system and ethnic social networks.