MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by simonw | 2025-12-12 21:34:39+00:00
I follow the MLX team on Twitter and they sometimes post about using MLX on two or more joined together Macs to run models that need more than 512GB of RAM.

A couple of examples:

Kimi K2 Thinking (1 trillion parameters): https://x.com/awnihannun/status/1986601104130646266

DeepSeek R1 (671B): https://x.com/awnihannun/status/1881915166922863045 - that one came with setup instructions in a Gist: https://gist.github.com/awni/ec071fd27940698edd14a4191855bba...
by fspeech | 2025-12-12 21:34:41+00:00
Humans are also not rewarded for making pronouncements all the time. Experts actually have a reputation to maintain and are likely more reluctant to give opionions that they are not reasonably sure of. LLMs trained on typical written narratives found in books, articles etc can be forgiven to think that they should have an opionion on any and everything. Point being that while you may be able to tune it to behave some other way you may find the new behavior less helpful.
by mpweiher | 2025-12-12 21:34:47+00:00
Since you use China as a comparison for solar: China builds 1.4GW nuclear power plants in 5 years for $3.5 bn.

And of course the capacity factor for PV is about 10%, so you need 10x the capacity to get the same output even on average. Never mind that you get nothing at night, and very little in winter.
by johnnyanmac | 2025-12-12 21:35:42+00:00
So your argument here is "Apple isn't a monopoly. The Fairphone is always ab option"?

I'll keep pounding it in people's heads that 30 years ago Microsoft was hit over a web browser. It's a shame these days people would instead revert that and say "just download Netscape". If that worked, sure. But we have decades of market lock in showing it doesn't
by sh34r | 2025-12-12 21:36:54+00:00
While I can certainly think of ways in which ordinary segmentation can be stretched beyond the limits of what’s reasonable, the example you give is categorically different.

In your example, you’re paying extra for additional capabilities. Doesn’t really matter if it’s a nonlinear increase in cost with the number of seats. Two companies buy 500 seats and pay the same price.

What I object to is some sales bro deciding I should pay 5x more for those same licenses because of who I am, what I look like, where I’m from, etc. It’s absolutely repulsive. Why can’t you simply provide a fair service at a fair price and stop playing these fuck-fuck games? You’re making a profit on this sale either way. Stop trying to steal my profit margin.

Instead of trying to scam me by abusing information asymmetry, why not use your sales talents to upsell me on additional or custom services, once you’ve demonstrated value? Honest and reliable vendors generally get continued (and increasing) business.

Conversely, these Broadcom/private-equity/mafia tactics generally have me running for the exits ASAP. Spite is one hell of a motivator.
by cess11 | 2025-12-12 21:37:39+00:00
Israel should obviously have ended the occupations, payed reparations and prepared for the return of refugees.

The IDF doesn't give a shit about "collateral damage". They mainly attack civilian targets. That's the purpose of the organisation, to make life for indigenous populations in the vicinity of the state of Israel impossible. Destroy their agriculture and water sources, murder their children, displace them, destroy their homes, occupy the land, pretend to be a victim if someone fights back. Then sign some contracts every now and then and don't abide by them while claiming that the other party is the one who doesn't.

This has been ongoing for about a century, it was how the Haganah, Irgun, Stern gang operated. This is why the IDF has such a bad army, they aren't trained for combat and hardly ever have to experience it. Instead they're used for genocidal atrocities against unarmed civilians.
by rmason | 2025-12-12 21:37:49+00:00
When environmentalists said that cattle were responsible for 8% of climate change it set the industry working on a solution. Immediately university scientists pointed out the math was faulty and the real number was 2%. I think there is now broad consensus that the number is 2%.

Then several groups learned that you could feed cattle a small amount daily of a certain seaweed in their ration and it would reduce emissions by 75%. But the problem was the seaweed only grew off the North coast of Australia.

I know of two startups, one on the west coast and another one on the east coast that are doing breeding to allow the seaweed to grow in American waters. Now a group of New Zealanders have found another solution which maybe easier to produce at scale.
by scythe | 2025-12-12 21:37:51+00:00
>So you want to create a completely new industry. From the ground. With all existing experts having retired. Demanding high quality, no-fault tolerance production. Dependent on resources not found in Europe.

You could say most of the same things about batteries. There is a little lithium in Europe. But Europe doesn't have a battery industry. It's in China. And you could buy batteries from China, but we aren't doing that and the political trends don't support more energy dependence on China. You could also buy nuclear reactors from China, but of course Europe doesn't want to do that either.

What they are proposing is that Europe is going to pivot from not making batteries to not building nuclear plants. They will, however, write lots of papers about the reactors (neé batteries) they would like to build, if only the prevailing wage or regulatory regime or other economic excuse du jour wasn't stopping them.

It has increasingly become my impression after watching these debates unfold that the core technology is not the real problem. The problem is a lack of political will to encourage the growth of new industries in green energy, failing both at regulatory and industrial policy. Solar is succeeding, not because it is the best form of energy (though it is) but because it is mostly paid for and installed by individuals and small businesses (with a little capital you can own your own solar farm!).
by snuxoll | 2025-12-12 21:38:06+00:00
While they're not "the same", classic COM (or OLE? the whole history is a mess) did actually have ProgIDs, and WinRT introduces proper "classes" and namespaces (having given up global registration for everything but system provided API's) with proper "names" (you can even query them at runtime with IInspectable::GetRuntimeClassName).

Microsoft tried to do a lot with COM when they first released it, it wasn't just a solution for having a stable cross-language ABI, it was a way to share component libraries across multiple applications on a system, and a whole lot more.

> but that also wouldn't have flown when COM was invented and resources overall were much more scarce than they are today.

And this ultimately is the paradox of COM. There were good ideas, but given Microsoft's (mostly kept) promise of keeping old software working the bad ones have remained baked in.
by locallost | 2025-12-12 21:38:14+00:00
If you had followed the crisis from 2022 when a quarter of the reactors were out of service, you wouldn't ask that question. They had to fly in welders from the US because they were not able to fix the problem... Also, every new nuclear project done by the French in this century has been a complete disaster. Flamanville, Olkiluoto and now Hinkley Point C.
by heavyset_go | 2025-12-12 21:38:27+00:00
> If a union member is facing discrimination at work, get them a lawyer for it.

As part of the policy of the current administration, the EEOC has dropped all cases related to LGBT discrimination in the hiring and the workplace[1] and is refusing to take new cases.

If you focused any effort on addressing that, I suspect someone who isn't even in the union would come out of the woodwork to say "that union shouldn't be addressing policy like that, it's divisive and what about everyone else?"

Union workers' rights and interests are impacted by policy that discriminates, pretending that isn't so doesn't get us anywhere.

[1] https://www.equalrights.org/news/eeocs-decision-to-drop-lgbt...
by tuveson | 2025-12-12 21:38:30+00:00
I encourage HN readers to read your username before replying to this comment. And also to consider why self-identifying capitalists like yourself might want a large cheap labor pool of people who can be deported if they complain about their working conditions.

For what it’s worth, I think it should be very easy to become an American citizen. I think these companies benefit from that not being the case. They’d call ICE on native-born citizens for trying to unionize if they could.
by whstl | 2025-12-12 21:39:28+00:00
You asked how a company could sell (presumably third-party) apps without internet. I gave an example of it happening. Money-wise the model was very similar to Apple's AppStore.

> How did the users view products, how did they purchase them, and how did they receive them?

For the specific case of games, it was mainly via physical stores but I'm sure there were other methods such as catalogs, especially internationally.

EDIT: Remember GP is talking about the 90s and without internet, so it doesn't mean an app store where the app is instantly in your possession after clicking a button.
by 0x457 | 2025-12-12 21:39:33+00:00
> Now try sell that electricity to a home owner with solar PV and maybe a battery and you will get laughed out of the room.

In EU, the split between flats (apartments) and houses is roughly 50/50, depending on how densely populated the country is. In the US, it about 1/3 in apartments. Canada is roughly 50/50, with a slight detached-house bias.

Not that it doesn't mean houseowner vs renter. Landlords have next to zero incentive to install solar PV because renters pay for electricity. In the US about 7% of homes have solar, I don't know about EU and Canada.

Solar can't provide baseline and even in sunny SoCal, you will go back to the grid often enough that being off-the-grid isn't reasonable for the typical household.

Anyway, we still need new nuclear power plants.
by jcranmer | 2025-12-12 21:39:38+00:00
I'm far from an expert in this field--indeed, I can but barely grasp the gentle introductions to these topics--but my understanding is that calling string theory a "theory of everything" really flatters it. String theory isn't a theory; it's a framework for building theories. And no one (to my understanding) has been able to put forward a theory using string theory that can actually incorporate the Standard Model and General Relativity running in our universe to make any prediction in the first place, much less one that is testable.
by derriz | 2025-12-12 21:39:58+00:00
China's plan is to add 100GW of nuclear by 2040.

In 2024 alone, it added 360GW of wind and solar and the trajectory for renewables is steepening, not declining so this year's number looks like it will exceed this number - 450GW or more.

Capacity factors are just noise when you're dealing with nearly 2 orders of magnitude of difference in scale. Apply whatever adjustment for capacity factor differences that you like but 100GW of nuclear over 15 years is not going to catch up with 450GW of wind and solar per year.
by scotty79 | 2025-12-12 21:40:23+00:00
The argument against deregulation of energy prices is that poor people won't be able to afford it. But if you create a program that subsidizes some reasonable amount of energy per person per month the price of electricity can go as high as it needs to. I don't know if that was rationale in Canada but it's one possible rationale why government might want to aubsiduze energy usage.
by stuaxo | 2025-12-12 21:40:37+00:00
Flourescent looks so of it's time, it fits right into an age of acid house, where you could go hang out in the hologram shop [1].

[1] - E Is for Ecstacy - BBC Everyman Documentary https://youtu.be/jyrhcjRc3TU?si=Qn9qG2z8wQzD-llJ&t=812
by johnnyanmac | 2025-12-12 21:40:43+00:00
You call it a tax, most others would call it the cost of doing business.

But yes, that's built into the product's price. Devs are paying for a license to work with IOS and need to own hardware only Apple sells to work on IOS. So I think those costs are covered.

We'll see what the "reasonable" price is. If nothing else, we know 27% was too much even for appeals.
by lenerdenator | 2025-12-12 21:40:58+00:00
Americans who lack health insurance or who have bad health insurance that won't cover all but the most catastrophic of claims.

Think about it: you're a person with a chronic condition that's severely impacting your life. Treating or curing it requires doctor visits, medications, or some other sort of expense that you just cannot afford. You see someone say that it can be treated with some cheap, commonly-available chemicals, but "Big Pharma" and the medical-industrial complex don't want you to know about it because it'll put them out of business. All you have to do is pay $19.95 for their book on it.
by laurencerowe | 2025-12-12 21:41:28+00:00
Yup. Europe can absolutely still build reactors, just not at a price that is economically competitive.

Olkiluoto 3 started regular production in 2023, taking 18 years to build at a cost of €11 billion (3x over budget).

Flamanville 3 started regular production in 2024, taking 17 years to build at a cost of €13.2 billion (4x over budget) or €19.1 billion including financing in 2015 prices.

Hinkley Point C (two reactors) is currently estimated to have its first unit come online around 2030, taking 14 years with total costs now estimated at £31-35 billion / €36–41 billion (2x over budget) in 2015 prices.
by mikestew | 2025-12-12 21:41:36+00:00
From TFA:

”The end of credits hit many EV rivals harder. Overall U.S. EV sales fell more than 41% in November and Tesla's market share rose to 56.7% from 43.1%, the data showed.”

So EV sales are down, less so for Tesla than other makers, but someone needed a catchy headline? I mean, I have absolutely no love for Tesla, but am I wrong in thinking that this is a little click-baity?
by tnorgaard | 2025-12-12 21:41:48+00:00
This talk seems set out to prove that "XML is Bad". Yes XML-DSig isn't great with XPaths, but most of these attack vectors has been known for 10 years. There is probably a reason why the vulnerabilities found where in software not commonly used, e.g. SAP. Many of the things possible with XML and UBL simply isn't available in protobuf, json. How would you digitally sign a Json document and embed the signature in the document?

The article nor the talk appear to reference the XML standard that EN 16931 is built upon: Universal Business Language, https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=... - which is freely available. Examples can be found here: https://github.com/Tradeshift/tradeshift-ubl-examples/tree/m... . It is a good standard and yes it's complex, but it is not complicated by accident. I would any day recommend UBL over IDOC, Tradacom, EDIFACT and the likes.
by cogman10 | 2025-12-12 21:41:55+00:00
> We should prevent management from destroying productive companies and prevent unions from doing it

I'll agree to that. But I'd point out that it's far more the case that management destroys a business, not a union. The US has fairly weak union protections and few unions at the moment. The place where change needs to happen is in management. But also we need to start talking about what it means for a business to be productive.

> You're referring to some of the least efficient

Least efficient how? Because it's expensive?

> high levels of regulatory capture.

No. Regulatory capture is when a business keeps out competitors through hard to fulfill regulations. It's not when the standard for employees is high making it hard for new employees to enter the market. The acid test for regulatory capture is "is there an oligopoly here" and the answer for trade work is a clear "no". There's a billion different companies in any given city that do trade work.

> The fact that there is no test-based path to occupational licensing in many trades, only multi-year "apprenticeship"

For very good reason. Tradework done poorly gets people killed. Taking a one time test is a very bad way to ensure that quality is high. There's a reason places without unions also use the apprenticeship method of licensing (doctors for example).

> If you have competitive markets then you don't need regulatory protections because companies are subject to competitive pressure.

That's wishful thinking assuming that a competitive market can't also be exclusive, hard to enter, or oversaturated. There are things that naturally can't be competitive, usually involving high levels of skill or knowledge. For example, microchip fabrication. It's simply too expensive to buy the equipment to make a computer chip and that can't be solved by anti-trust enforcement.
by SpeckOs | 2025-12-12 21:42:01+00:00
We built Speck.js-Beta as part of the SpeckOS ecosystem – a distributed AI system using "Digital DNA" for agent alignment.

The core ideas:

- Zero imports – Components auto-discover each other. Filename = component name.

- AI-native – Built-in SpeckAgent for Claude. No SDK bolting.

- Declarative – <state>, <if>, <loop>, <async> as native tags.

- Fine-grained reactivity – Preact Signals, not virtual DOM diffing.

Get started: npm create speck-app my-app

Would love feedback from the HN community.
by TheCycoONE | 2025-12-12 21:42:38+00:00
I have a question. Does the directed / no cycles aspect mean that webhooks / callbacks are forbidden.

I work a lot in the messaging space (SMS,Email); typically the client wants to send a message and wants to know when it reached its destination (milliseconds to days later). Unless the client is forbidden from also being the report server which feels like an arbitrary restriction I'm not sure how to apply this.
by urda | 2025-12-12 21:42:44+00:00
> I'm in a hiring position, and I would blacklist any candidate that wasted my time like this.

> It's childish and just adds to the current state of Gen Z making it impossible to hire them (and then complaining they can never find a job).

This is an unacceptable interviewing posture. As a Bar Raiser (or whatever your equivalent is) with authority over interview standards and interviewer eligibility, I’d pull you from loops for retraining. Repeat it, and you’re removed from interviewing.
by mttpgn | 2025-12-12 21:43:35+00:00
There are many computing platforms that rust devs simply cannot be bothered to support (for just one example, Cygwin). The Python devs, by contrast, have actually put in a lot of work over the years to support a plethora of operating systems and architectures.

Requiring Rust as a CPython dependency would be to abandon all their users stuck in obscure environments.
by frumplestlatz | 2025-12-12 21:43:41+00:00
Even once you use the private `dns_config*()` APIs on macOS, you need to put in heavy lifting to correctly handle scoped, service-specific providers, supplemental matching rules, etc -- none of which is documented, and can change in the future.

Since you're not using the system resolver, you won't benefit from mDNSResponder's built-in DNS caching and mDNS resolution/caching/service registration, so you're going to need to reimplement all of of that, too. And don't forget about nsswitch on BSD/Linux/Solaris/etc -- there's no generic API that let's you plug into that cleanly, so for a complete implementation there, you need to:

- Reimplement built-in modules like `hosts` (for `/etc/hosts`), `cache` (query a local `nscd` cache, etc), and more.

- Parse the nsswitch.conf configuration file, including the rule syntax for defining whether to continue/return on different status codes.

- Reimplement rule-based dispatch to both the built-in modules and custom, dynamically loaded modules (like `nss_mdns` for mDNS resolution).

Each OS has its own set of built-ins, and private/incompatible interfaces for interacting with things like the `nscd` cache daemon. Plus, the nsswitch APIs and config files themselves differ across operating systems. And we haven't even discussed Windows yet.

Re-implementing all of this correctly, thoroughly, and keeping it working across OS changes is extremely non-trivial.

The simplest and most correct solution is to just:

- Use OS-specific async APIs when available; e.g. `CFHostStartInfoResolution()` on macOS, `DnsQueryEx()` on Windows, `getaddrinfo_a()` on glibc (although that spawns a thread, too), etc.

- If you have a special use-case where you need absolutely need better performance, and do not need to support all the system resolver functionality above (i.e. server-side, controlled deployment environment), use an event-based async resolver library.

- Otherwise, issue a blocking call to `getaddrinfo()` on a new thread. If you're very worried about unbounded resource consumption, use a size-limited thread pool.
by _DeadFred_ | 2025-12-12 21:44:02+00:00
Reminder that up until recently, economic & market concepts included a requirement for strong government oversight. The originators/thought creators of capitalism talked about the need for such. Adam Smith argued relentlessly for regulation against monopolies, corruption, and rent-seeking. Libertarian ideologues retrofitted in the fantasy of self-regulating markets without oversight fairly recently and it is turning out to be a pretty disastrous retrofit. I agree, we must go back to true, pre idealog economic & market concepts, like Adam Smith argued for.
by cess11 | 2025-12-12 21:44:20+00:00
Yes.

https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.mysql-escape-string.p...

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3665572/mysql-escape-str...

One hardly even tries to do the thing it says on the tin, the other one at least tries to be the real thing. None of them worked very well, however.
by avidiax | 2025-12-12 21:44:37+00:00
> Relatedly, there's an empty niche in the market for a USB-C power bank that can act as a UPS: able to charge and discharge at the same time without interrupting the discharge port when the charge port is disconnected

I think there's a soft version of this already available. The term is "pass-through" charging. The power bank that I have [1] will charge itself and the devices at the same time (albeit at reduced rates suitable for overnight charging).

I agree that it would be super useful to have a device that is explicitly designed to provide maybe 5V/5A for a Raspberry Pi 5 without interruption, and perhaps double as a power bank.

[1] https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DHRYDNXL
by mpweiher | 2025-12-12 21:44:42+00:00
The US delays with the Vogtle AP-1000s (the only recently completed US build) were extremely atypical.

First, it was a FOAK design. Which always takes longer to build, it is a prototype.

Second, the nuclear build know how in the nuclear engineers, construction workers, and supply chain was not really there any longer.

Third, they used a new permitting system, which in theory should have been better and probably will be better in the future: instead of ongoing individual checks and modifications, which made every nuclear power plant in the US a unique unicorn, you are now allowed to submit a master design and once approved you can build that over and over. Without changes.

Alas, Westinghouse wasn't actually done with the design when they submitted. So when they started building, they noticed that they had submitted plans that could not actually be built. Oops. That cause massive delays. And delays = cost.

And the suppliers fought each other, one went bankrupt etc. COVID also didn't help.

So how can we guarantee that the same won't happen in the future and that NOAK builds will be better? Well, for one they now have plans that are obviously buildable, because a bunch of AP-1000s have been built. So that exact thing absolutely can't happen.

Also, we can look to China. Turns out, China also built 2 FOAK AP-1000s. These also took about 10 years, despite China usually building in 5. And it turns out, China built some more AP-1000s after that. NOAK builds. And these took 5 years to build with buildable plans, experience building that reactors and a mature nuclear industry to back them.

So there is good reason to believe that future NOAK builds of the AP-1000 and of comparable reactors will be much faster and much cheaper than what we've seen so far.