MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by kragen | 2025-12-03 19:47:00+00:00
Usually you'd have to write that as \sum_{v \in \{a, b, c\}} v; one of the ways I think conventional math notation could in fact be improved would be by separating the aggregate function of summation from the generation of the items, allowing you to write \sum \{a, b, c\}, at the minor cost of having to write \sum_{i = 1}^N i^2 as something like \sum |_{i=1}^N i^2.

It's not conventional to write commutative-but-not-associative functions as infix operators, but I don't think that's due to some principled reason, but just because they're not very common; non-associative operators such as subtraction and function application are almost universally written with infix operators, even the empty-string operator in the case of function application. The most common one is probably the Sheffer stroke for NAND (although Sheffer himself used it to mean NOR in his 01913 paper: https://www.ams.org/journals/tran/1913-014-04/S0002-9947-191...).

You can go a bit further in the direction of logical manipulability, as George Spencer Brown did with "Laws of Form" (LoF): his logical connective, the "cross", is an N-ary negation function whose arguments are written under the operation symbol without separators between them, and he denotes one of the elementary boolean values as the empty string (let's call it false, making the cross NOR). ASCII isn't good at reproducing his "cross" notation, but if we use brackets instead, we can represent his two axioms as:

[][] = [] (not false or not false is not false) [[]] = (not not false is false)

In this way Spencer Brown harnesses the free monoid on his symbols: the empty string is the identity element of the free monoid, so appending it to the arguments of a cross doesn't change them and thus can't change the cross's value. Homomorphically, false is the identity element of disjunction, which is a bounded semilattice, and thus a monoid.

This allows not only the associative axiom but also the identity axiom to be simple string identity, which seems like a real notational advantage. (Too bad there isn't any equivalent for the commutative axiom.) It allows Spencer Brown to derive all of Boolean logic from those two simple axioms.

However, so far, I haven't found that the LoF notation is an actual improvement over conventional algebraic notation. Things like normalization to disjunctive normal form seem much more confusing:

a(b + c) → ab + ac (conventional notation, rewrite rule towards DNF) [[a][bc]] → [[a][b]][[a][c]] (LoF notation)

It's a little less noisy in Spencer Brown's original two-dimensional representation (note that the vertical breaks between the U+2502 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL characters are not supposed to be there; possibly if you paste this into a text editor or terminal it will look better)

┌───── ┌────┌──── │┌─┌── → │┌─┌─│┌─┌─ ││a│bc ││a│b││a│c

but not, to my eye, any less confusing.
by coldpie | 2025-12-03 19:47:14+00:00
Nah, nothing like that. We explored shipping Proton for macOS early on, but decided it wasn't where we wanted to spend our time, so we removed it[1] to focus on Linux. There's only so many hours in the day, and supporting two platforms is a lot more work than one.

[1] https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton/commit/a84120449d817...
by pugworthy | 2025-12-03 19:47:30+00:00
Rider fair is only one way to fund transit. My city (Corvallis, OR) provides free bus service city wide since 2011. The newest addition is free bus service to surrounding cities (up to McMinville and down to Eugene).

It's paid for with state and federal grants, university (OSU) contribution, as well as a utility fee.
by iknowstuff | 2025-12-03 19:47:44+00:00
Not quite yet. Crates like reqwest and hyper tend to use tokio's io types internally to set up the sockets correctly and send/receive data at the right time. Those might have different APIs than the thread-pausing sync APIs.

Sans-IO crates exist but are kind of annoying to schedule correctly on an IO runtime of choice. Maybe lending iterators could help idk
by JBlue42 | 2025-12-03 19:47:57+00:00
>Given how long this "REAL ID" standard has been in effect, why have the non compliant IDs not expired yet? Do some states not issue REAL ID compliant licenses?

It's only been in effect for a short while, then we had COVID. It took them two decades to even get it live.

Some state licenses don't expire for 10 years. Americans will avoid trips to the DMV until it's absolutely necessary to go. YMMV on if your local one is well-run and efficient or a madhouse with long wait times.
by sophiebits | 2025-12-03 19:48:01+00:00
The endpoint is not whatever the client asks for. It's marked specifically as exposed to the user with "use server". Of course the people who designed this recognize that this is designing an RPC system.

A similar bug could be introduced in the implementation of other RPC systems too. It's not entirely specific to this design.

(I contribute to React but not really on RSC.)
by willis936 | 2025-12-03 19:48:39+00:00
Valve employed Alyssa Rosenzweig while she developed the graphics stack for asahi linux. That's a very simple statement that masks the size of the achievement and its impact on the world. No, we haven't entered a golden era of gaming on macs, but the world has been shown the way. And no, the software challenges are not insurmountable.
by Rochus | 2025-12-03 19:48:53+00:00
Thanks for the hint. Just listened to their "Sacred white noise" album on youtube. The music is definitely interesting, but even less suited for me to get into a programming flow (still too much going on, and soooo nihilistic). That's music I listen to out of my interest as a musician myself, but not for programming. Maybe you know "Music for 18 Musicians" by Steve Reich (see e.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1oOmUi4HGt0) which transports me in an abstract world that let's me flow away and program for hours without noticing.
by ch4s3 | 2025-12-03 19:48:54+00:00
I'm loathe to agree here, but you are highlighting a point that people miss about other OECD countries. Many very expensive treatments available in the US are covered by insurance (to a point) but are simply unavailable in the UK, Japan, or France. In the US a tremendous amount of money is spent to extend lives by a few scant months at a very low quality of life.
by venturecruelty | 2025-12-03 19:48:55+00:00
Call me crazy, but maybe mass transit doesn't need to make money to be useful. Maybe the entire point of government is to provide services to its citizens. I mean, I don't pay $2.40 every time we drone strike some Yemeni wedding, right? Why should I have to pay to take a train in a city, which is about a thousand times more useful to me?

>People that drive cars actually pay most of the cost to upkeep car infrastructure. people that ride the T dont.

This is... so ridiculously untrue. Most car-dependent infrastructure is funded with federal dollars, the vast majority of which are conjured up out of thin air and vibes.
by ascagnel_ | 2025-12-03 19:49:25+00:00
Agreed. Mad Men premiered in 2007, well into the HD era, and was already composed for 16:9. The issue here is that the 4K "remaster" seemingly wasn't mastered at all, just a re-scan of the original negatives at a higher resolution.

That said, I think letterboxing is a better choice than trying to recompose a shot for a different aspect ratio if it wasn't accounted for initially (eg: The X-Files). And even then, the shot selection and composition would have been different had the aspect ratio been initially different (like TXF's 16:9 versions leaving the edges of the frame largely unused).
by CGMthrowaway | 2025-12-03 19:50:26+00:00
> This person is being unfairly categorized in multiple posts as someone just complaining and wanting others to do the work but this person is suggesting actionable steps to take to improve things with evidence supporting why and still getting shot down and wasting their time.

Yes. And? If the actionable steps and evidence you prepared are getting shot down, i.e. not getting the outcome you desire, then you are doing something wrong (and wasting your time). You can't control other people's actions, only your own. You can sometimes influence others, but if that is your goal the current approach is clearly not working and you require a different one.
by UniverseHacker | 2025-12-03 19:50:45+00:00
My point is that full sized American trucks are uniquely effective at what they are actually engineered for, and plenty of people do need and use them for that. The fact that they are even more popular with people that have no practical need for them doesn’t invalidate my point in any way, despite your rude and dismissive tone. If you dislike people misusing a tool for something other than it’s practical purpose, that’s fine, but why project that onto me, or the tool itself?

I very much appreciate the capabilities and utility of American pickup trucks, despite not owning one because I don’t need one. I also find it distasteful when people use them as urban passenger cars to project some sort of “personal brand” without having an actual need, but that in no way diminishes my appreciation for their practicality when used appropriately.

I suspect people are in part so aggressively hateful of American pickup trucks because they see it as a symbol for an opposing side in a culture war. However that perspective seems really silly to anyone that uses them properly to meet a practical need.
by kbolino | 2025-12-03 19:51:05+00:00
Disclaimer: This is only an educated guess based upon public info. Also, it's impossible to make something truly unspoofable, but it isn't that hard to raise the bar for spoofing pretty high.

There are two additional concepts built upon the TPM and Secure Boot that matter here, known as Trusted Boot [1,2] and Remote Attestation [2].

Importantly, every TPM has an Endorsement Key (EK) built into it, which is really an asymmetric keypair, and the private key cannot be extracted through any normal means. The EK is accompanied by a certificate, which is signed by the hardware manufacturer and identifies the TPM model. The major manufacturers publish their certificate authorities [3].

So you can get the TPM to digitally sign a difficult-to-forge, time-stamped statement using its EK. Providing this statement along with the TPM's EK certificate on demand attests to a remote party that the system currently has a valid TPM and that the boot process wasn't tampered with.

Common spoofing techniques get defeated in various ways:

- Stale attestations will fail a simple timestamp check

- Forged attestations will have invalid signatures

- A fake TPM will not have a valid EK certificate, or its EK certificate will be self-signed, or its EK certificate will not have a widely recognized issuer

- Trusted Boot will generally expose the presence of obvious defeat mechanisms like virtualization and unsigned drivers

- DMA attacks can be thwarted by an IOMMU, the existence/lack of which can be exposed through Trusted Boot data as well

- If someone manages to extract an EK but shares it online, it will be obvious when it gets reused by multiple users

- If someone finds a vulnerability in a TPM model and shares it online, the model can be blacklisted

Even so, I can still think of an avenue of attack, which is to proxy RA requests to a different, uncompromised system's TPM. The tricky parts are figuring out how to intercept these requests on the compromised system, how to obtain them from the uncompromised system without running any suspicious software, and knowing what other details to spoof that might be obtained through other means but which would contradict the TPM's statement.

[1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/operating...

[2]: https://docs.system-transparency.org/st-1.3.0/docs/selected-...

[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module#Endors...
by speedgoose | 2025-12-03 19:51:05+00:00
I guess this change was inevitable. But I like the possibility to reconstruct a broken distributed file storage system. GlusterFS also allowed this.

My use case is relatively common : I want small S3 compatible object stores that can be deployed in Kubernetes without manual intervention. The CLI part was a bit in the way last time, this could have been automated but it wasn't straightforward.
by bayarearefugee | 2025-12-03 19:51:08+00:00
> The important number is your odds of becoming that default provider in the minds of consumers.

I haven't seen any evidence that any Gen AI provider will be able to build a moat that allows for this.

Some are better than others at certain things over certain time periods, but they are all relatively interchangeable for most practical uses and the small differences are becoming less pronounced, not more.

I use LLMs fairly frequently now and I just bounce around between them to stay within their free tiers. Short of some actual large breakthrough I never need to commit to one, and I can take advantage of their own massive spends and wait it out a couple of years until I'm running a local model self-hosted with a cloudflare tunnel if I need to access it on my phone.

And yes, most people won't do that, but there will be a lot of opportunity for cheap providers to offer that as a service with some data center spend, but nowhere near the massive amounts OpenAI, Google, Meta, et al are burning now.
by sershe | 2025-12-03 19:51:23+00:00
They are merely trying to commoditize their complement https://gwern.net/complement

Your games are still not owned by you, they are locked inside your Steam account (liable to be suspended at any time) and app (as I've learned when I couldn't play when their pretend-but-not-really-offline mode broke; I now block it at firewall level most of the time). That part will never become "community" oriented.
by prewett | 2025-12-03 19:51:50+00:00
In the late '90s, when CPUs were seeing the advances of GPUs are now seeing, there wasn't much of a market for two/three-year old CPUs. (According to a graph I had Gemini create, the Pentium had 100 MFLOPS and the Pentium 4 had 3000 MFLOPS.) I bought motherboards that supported upgrading, but never bothered, because what's the point of going from 400 MHz to 450 MHz, when the new ones are 600 or 800 MHz?

I don't think nVidia will have any problem there. If anything, hobbyists being able to use 2025 cards would increase their market by discovering new uses.
Show HN: Outrage – contact your local elected representatives in minutes (US)
by bitforger | 2025-12-03 19:52:00+00:00
I made this website after watching a youtube video that made me want to email my local representatives and then realizing I had no idea where to start.

It's [open source](https://github.com/mitchellgordon95/Outrage) and uses a dataset of U.S. elected officials from [Cicero](cicerodata.com) + AI to help narrow which candidates to talk to and what to say.

Looking forward to any feedback you might have! Is it useful, boring, frustrating? Please let me know in the comments.
by epiccoleman | 2025-12-03 19:52:09+00:00
I think Claude Code is the moat (though I definitely recognize it's a pretty shallow moat). I don't want to switch to Codex or whatever the Gemini CLI is, I like Claude Code and I've gotten used to how it works.

Again, I know that's a shallow moat - agents just aren't that complex from a pure code perspective, and there are already tools that you can use to proxy Claude Code's requests out to different models. But at least in my own experience there is a definite stickiness to Claude that I probably won't bother to overcome if your model is 1.1x better. I pay for Google Business or whatever it's called primarily to maintain my vanity email and I get some level of Gemini usage for free, and I barely touch it, even though I'm hearing good things about it.

(If anything I'm convincing myself to give Gemini a closer look, but I don't think that undermines my overarching (though slightly soft) point).
by bcrosby95 | 2025-12-03 19:52:12+00:00
We used to track various timings in some of our games to detect cheating. Cheaters find out and change their cheat engines to perform within plausible human reactions. Which is a benefit - now the cheating isn't obvious to everyone, but it still happens. I don't know if you could sprinkle data scientist dust on the problem and come up with a viable cross-game solution though.
by halflife | 2025-12-03 19:52:44+00:00
Why does the react development team keeps investing their time on confusing features that only reinvent the wheel and cause more problems than solve?

What does server components do so much better than SSR? What minute performance gain is achieved more than client side rendering?

Why won’t they invest more on solving the developer experience that took a nosedive when hooks were introduced? They finally added a compiler, but instead of going the svelte route of handling the entire state, it only adds memoization?

If I can send a direct message to the react team it would be to abandon all their current plans, and work on allowing users to write native JS control flows in their component logic.

sorry for the rant.
by spicymaki | 2025-12-03 19:52:45+00:00
I hate to say it, but I moved from a small car to an SUV recently and I love it. Just about everything about it is better for me subjectively.

I understand the perspective of city dwellers and mass transit advocates, I grew up in a city with mass transit (and loved that experience as well).

I just wanted to put that out there.

Many people really do like bigger cars better and I don’t know you turn back once you have been spoiled.
by Aurornis | 2025-12-03 19:52:46+00:00
The users' comment history does read like generic LLM output. Look at the first lines of different comments:

> Interesting point about Cranelift! I've been following its development for a while, and it seems like there's always something new popping up.

> Interesting point about the color analysis! It kinda reminds me of how album art used to be such a significant part of music culture.

> Interesting point about the ESP32 and music playback! I've been tinkering with similar projects, and it’s wild how much potential these little devices have.

> We used to own tools that made us productive. Now we rent tools that make someone else profitable. Subscriptions are not about recurring value but recurring billing

> Meshtastic is interesting because it's basically "LoRa-first networking" instead of "internet with some radios attached." Most consumer radios are still stuck in the mental model of walkie-talkies, while Meshtastic treats RF as an IP-like transport layer you can script, automate, and extend. That flips the stack:

> This is the collision between two cultures that were never meant to share the same data: "move fast and duct-tape APIs together" startup engineering, and "if this leaks we ruin people's lives" legal/medical confidentiality.

The repeated prefixes (Interesting point about!) and the classic it's-this-not-that LLM pattern are definitely triggering my LLM suspicions.

I suspect most of these cases aren't bots, they're users who put their thoughts, possibly in another language, into an LLM and ask it to form the comment for them. They like the text they see so they copy and paste it into HN.
by scrlk | 2025-12-03 19:53:29+00:00
It's an EU regulation:

> All new motor vehicles, including cars, vans, trucks, and buses now need to integrate intelligent speed assistance solutions, cameras, or sensors for reversing detection, attention warnings in case of driver drowsiness, as well as emergency stop signals. In addition, cars and vans should now be equipped with lane keeping and automated braking systems and event data recorders. To prevent bus or truck collisions with pedestrians or cyclists, these vehicles now require technologies for better recognising possible blind spots and integrate warning systems, as well as have specific tyre pressure monitoring systems.

https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/news/mandatory-dr...
by chriswarbo | 2025-12-03 19:53:38+00:00
> TLDR, UK road users pay for far more than the road network.

Right, but driving has far more externalities than just the cost of the roads. For example:

> Results suggest that each kilometer driven by car incurs an external cost of €0.11, while cycling and walking represent benefits of €0.18 and €0.37 per kilometer. Extrapolated to the total number of passenger kilometers driven, cycled or walked in the European Union, the cost of automobility is about €500 billion per year. Due to positive health effects, cycling is an external benefit worth €24 billion per year and walking €66 billion per year.

From "The Social Cost of Automobility, Cycling and Walking in the European Union", https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S09218... (which I heard about from a CityNerd video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qp75-46PnMY )
by mattfrommars | 2025-12-03 19:53:51+00:00
This might be off topic since we are in topic of AI tool and on HackerNews.

I've been pondering a long time how does one build a startup company in domain they are not familiar with but ... Just have this urge to 'crave a pie' in this space. For the longest time, I had this dream of starting or building a 'AI Legal Tech Company' -- big issue is, I don't work in legal space at all. I did some cold reach on lawfirm related forums which did not take any traction.

I later searched around and came across the term, 'case management software'. From what I know, this is what Cilo fundamentally is and make millions if not billion.

This was close to two years or 1.5 years ago and since then, I stopped thinking about it because of this understanding or belief I have, "how can I do a startup in legal when I don't work in this domain" But when I look around, I have seen people who start companies in totally unrelated industry. From starting a 'dental tech's company to, if I'm not mistaken, the founder of hugging face doesn't seem to have PHD in AI/ML and yet founded HuggingFace.

Given all said, how does one start a company in unrelated domain? Say I want to start another case management system or attempt to clone FileVine, do I first read up what case management software is or do I cold reach to potential lawfirm who would partner up to built a SAAS from scratch? Other school of thought goes like, "find customer before you have a product to validate what you want to build", how does this realistically work?

Apologies for the scattered thoughts...
by HDThoreaun | 2025-12-03 19:53:56+00:00
End of life is the biggest problem with over use but it's not limited to that. In the US literally everyone who shows up at the emergency room talking about chest pain gets an expensive ct scan even if theres effectively no chance of it catching anything. Procedures that have been shown in studies to not work are still prescribed, because why not/lobbying groups of the doctors that perform them whine loudly enough. At no point is anyone in the system trying to save money, so costs just grow and grow and grow.

I think about the fact that everyone in the hospital gets a private room a lot. Having a private room does not increase health outcomes at all, but it costs an absolute ton of money. It does increase satisfaction so it should be available, but hospital users should be able to choose shared rooms and get a portion of the savings they create but this just isnt possible in the US because of the incentives we've created.
by andrewrn | 2025-12-03 19:54:58+00:00
Sigh. The brazen clickbaity “fuck humans” attitude of YC startups like this and Artisan is getting so tiring.

I’m all for automation and tech, but I miss the days when technologists at least championed tech’s ability to further society and empower people. They don't even try to send that message anymore, and the general public, predictably, hates AI and technology more generally. Who would work here?