Launch HN: Mentat (YC F24) – Controlling LLMs with Runtime Intervention
by cgorlla | 2025-12-09 16:37:55+00:00
Hi HN, I’m Cyril from CTGT. Today we’re launching Mentat (https://docs.ctgt.ai/api-reference/endpoint/chat-completions), an API that gives developers deterministic control over LLM behavior, steering reasoning and removing bias on the fly, without the compute of fine-tuning or the brittleness of prompt engineering. We use feature-level intervention and graph-based verification to fix hallucinations and enforce policies.

This resonates in highly regulated industries or otherwise risky applications of AI where the fallout from incorrect or underperforming output can be significant. In financial services, using GenAI to scan for noncompliant communications can be arduous without an easy way to embed complex policies into the model. Similarly, a media outlet might want to scale AI-generated summaries of their content, but reliability and accuracy is paramount. These are both applications where Fortune 500 companies have utilized our technology to improve subpar performance from existing models, and we want to bring this capability to more people.

Here’s a quick 2-minute demo video showing the process: https://video.ctgt.ai/video/ctgt-ai-compliance-playground-cf...

Standard "guardrails" like RAG and system prompts are fundamentally probabilistic: you are essentially asking the model nicely to behave. This often fails in two ways. First, RAG solves knowledge availability but not integration. In our benchmarks, a model given context that "Lerwick is 228 miles SE of Tórshavn" failed to answer "What is 228 miles NW of Lerwick?" because it couldn't perform the spatial inversion.

Second, prompt engineering is brittle because it fights against the model's pre-training priors. For example, on the TruthfulQA benchmark, base models fail ~80% of the time because they mimic common misconceptions found on the internet (e.g. "chameleons change color for camouflage"). We found that we could literally turn up the feature for "skeptical reasoning" to make the model ignore the popular myth and output the scientific fact. This matters because for high-stakes use cases (like Finance or Pharma), "mostly safe" isn't acceptable—companies need audit-grade reliability.

Our work stems from the CS dungeon at UCSD, with years spent researching efficient and interpretable AI, trying to "open the black box" of neural networks. We realized that the industry was trying to patch model behavior from the outside (prompts/filters) when the problem was on the inside (feature activations). We knew this was important when we saw enterprises struggling to deploy basic models despite having unlimited compute, simply because they couldn't guarantee the output wouldn't violate compliance rules. I ended up leaving my research at Stanford to focus on this.

Our breakthrough came while researching the DeepSeek-R1 model. We identified the "censorship" feature vector in its latent space. Amplifying it guaranteed refusal; subtracting it instantly unlocked answers to sensitive questions. This proved the model had the knowledge but was suppressing it. We realized we could apply this same logic to hallucinations, suppressing "confabulation" features to reveal the grounded truth. While some hallucinations stem from the inherent randomness of generative models, many can be identified with the concerted activation of a feature or group of features.

Instead of filtering outputs, we intervene at the activation level during the forward pass. We identify latent feature vectors (v) associated with specific behaviors (bias, misconception) and mathematically modify the hidden state (h):

h_prime = h - alpha * (h @ v) * v

This arithmetic operation lets us "edit" behavior deterministically with negligible overhead (<10ms on R1). For factual claims, we combine this with a graph verification pipeline (which works on closed weight models). We check semantic entropy (is the model babbling?) and cross-reference claims against a dynamic knowledge graph to catch subtle relational hallucinations that vector search misses.

On GPT-OSS-120b, this approach improved TruthfulQA accuracy from 21% to 70% by suppressing misconception features. We also improved the performance of this model to frontier levels on HaluEval-QA, where we reached 96.5% accuracy, solving the spatial reasoning failures where the baseline failed. It also handles noisy inputs, inferring "David Icke" from the typo "David Of me" where base models gave up. Full benchmarks at https://ctgt.ai/benchmarks.

Most startups in this space are observability tools that tell you only after the model failed. Or they are RAG pipelines that stuff context into the window. Mentat is an infrastructure layer that modifies the model's processing during inference. We fix the reasoning, not just the context. For example, that’s how our system was able to enforce that if A is SE of B, then B is NW of A.

We believe that our policy engine is a superior control mechanism to RAG or prompting. If you’re frustrated with current guardrails, we’d love it if you would stress-test our API!

API: Our endpoint is drop-in compatible with OpenAI’s /v1/chat/completions: https://docs.ctgt.ai/api-reference/endpoint/chat-completions

Playground: We’ve built an "Arena" view to run side-by-side comparisons of an Ungoverned vs. Governed model to visualize the intervention delta in real-time. No signup is required: https://playground.ctgt.ai/

We’d love to hear your feedback on the approach and see what edge cases you can find that break standard models. We will be in the comments all day. All feedback welcome!