MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by yawpitch | 2025-11-28 07:40:04+00:00
You’re assuming we, as a species, have the wherewithal, resources, and attention span necessary to both try again and try to surpass.

We haven’t even set another foot on the moon during my lifetime, and we’re not factually any closer to doing so. We have allowed a military industrial complex to keep making money by over-designing and under-delivering over and over and over for a population with constantly dwindling wherewithal, resources, and attention span.

I am neither an optimist nor a pessimist, I am a realist… and the real odds decrease with every passing moment.
by akst | 2025-11-28 07:40:10+00:00
I know "next-generation" is just SEO slop, but I'm going to hyper fixate on this for a moment (so feel free to ignore if you're actually interested in Positron).

I think the future of data science will likely be something else, with the advent of WebGPU[1] (which isn't just a web technology) and the current quality/availability of GPUs in end user devices, and a lot of data computation clearly standing to benefit from this.

The real next generation of data science tools will likely involve tools that are GPU first and try to keep as much work in the GPU as possible. I definitely think we'll see some new languages eventually emerge to abstract much of the overhead of batching work but also forces people to explicitly consider when they write code that simply won't run on the GPU, like sequential operations that are nonlinear, nonassociative/noncommutative (like highly sequential operations like processing an ordered block of text).

I think WebGPU is going to make this a lot easier.

That said I'd imagine for larger compute workloads people are going to continue to stick with large CUDA clusters as they have more functionality and handle a larger variety of workloads. But on end user devices there's an opportunity to create tools that allow data scientists to more trivially do this kind of work when they compute their models, process their datasets.

[1] Other compute APIs existed in the past, but WebGPU might be one of the most successful attempt to provide a portable (and more accessible) way to write general GPU compute code. I've seen people say WebGPU is hard, but having given it ago (without libraries) I don't think this is all that true, compared to OpenGL there are no longer specialised APIs to load data into uniforms everything is just a buffer. I wonder if this has more to do with non JS bindings for use outside the browser/node or the fact you're forced to consider memory layout of anything your loading into the GPU from the start (something that can be abstracted and generalised), just in my experience after my first attempt at writing a compute shader it's fairly simple IMO. Like stuff that always complicated in rendering like text is still complicated, but at least its not a state based API like web/opengl.
by vohk | 2025-11-28 07:40:39+00:00
I had the same association but interestingly this version appears to be a "remix" of TigerBeetle's style guide, by an unrelated individual. At a glance, there is a lot of a crossover but some changes as well.

I think the point is well made though. When you're building something like a transactions database, the margin for error is rather low.
by nikolay | 2025-11-28 07:40:52+00:00
Well, if you let your innate immune system do its job, fever can actually kill many pathogens and also ramp up your immune system response. It's fascinating that human cells can survive at slightly higher temperatures than most pathogens, giving us an advantage. It's not comfortable to have a high fever, and there's a slight chance of kids getting febrile seizures (although most are not actually that bad), but we do more harm ot ourselves for little comfort or a complete lack of soicism.

I get headaches sometimes. I know 200mg of ibuprofen can help me, but I chose not to. Pain is part of reality. If we mask it, we have little incentive to address the root cause.

I had COVID-19 in August this year. I had a 39.5°C fever for 2 days, then it subsided for 7-8 more days - I didn't take any antipyretic. You know, you can actually tolerate it if you accept it as something normal. And it's also a great experience to actually learn to know when you have a fever - you don't need a thermometer even.
by a96 | 2025-11-28 07:41:00+00:00
Same here, repeatedly. I've never had a BTRFS fs that didn't spontaneously combust before it would have been decommissioned. Recovery or even check is always impossible. Only things that have caused more loss were (old) XFS on Linux that ate files every power outage and ReiserFS which also blew up in an unfixable way. I'll always recommend staying away from them. A filesystem should always have reliability and no loss, particularly no invisible loss, as its top priority.

I have one btrfs going at the moment. Nothing important, naturally. Just a Silverblue test installation. Will see how that fares.
by Synaesthesia | 2025-11-28 07:41:13+00:00
I would say the primary difference is that the state supersedes capital, rather than the other way around. The Chinese state permits capitalism, but only when it's to the benefit of China's economy and wellbeing.

So, for instance they just banned sports betting outright, as it's not productive or contributing to the economy.

The state runs the "commanding heights" of the economy, the banks, and directs investment, coordinates with industry. Of course it invests in infrastructure development.
by hooloovoo_zoo | 2025-11-28 07:41:16+00:00
For one thing, it's not a real score; they judged the results themselves and Putnam judges are notoriously tough. There was not a single 8 on the problem they claim partial credit for (or any partial credit above a 2) amongst the top 500 humans. https://kskedlaya.org/putnam-archive/putnam2024stats.html.

For another thing, the 2024 Putnam problems are in their RL data.

Also, it's very unclear how these competitions consisting of problems designed to have clear-cut answers and be solved by (well-prepared) humans in an hour will translate to anything else.
by westurner | 2025-11-28 07:41:44+00:00
From Gemini then:

Algorithm Role Public Key Size Signature / Ciphertext Size ECDSA P-256 (Identity / Signing) ~64 bytes ~64 bytes X25519 (Key Exchange) 32 bytes 32 bytes ML-DSA-44 (PQ; Identity / Signing) 1,312 bytes 2,420 bytes ML-KEM-768 (PQ; Key Exchange) 1,184 bytes 1,088 bytes

> If you tried to make "ML-KEM Certificates" (using a newer mechanism called AuthKEM where you authenticate by proving you can decrypt a challenge rather than signing), you would replace the ~2.4 KB ML-DSA signature with a ~1 KB ML-KEM ciphertext. This saves about 50% of the bandwidth compared to ML-DSA, but it is still roughly 35x larger than a traditional ECC certificate chain.

/? AuthKEM:

kemtls/draft-celi-wiggers-tls-authkem: https://github.com/kemtls/draft-celi-wiggers-tls-authkem

"KEM-based Authentication for TLS 1.3" https://kemtls.org/draft-celi-wiggers-tls-authkem/draft-celi... :

> Table 1. Size comparison of public-key cryptography in TLS 1.3 and AuthKEM handshakes.

Handshake HS auth algorithm HS Auth bytes Certificate chain bytes Sum ... AuthKEM Kyber-768 2272 6152 (Dilithium-2) 8424 AuthKEM Kyber-768 2272 2229 (Falcon-512) 4564

"KEM-based pre-shared-key handshakes for TLS 1.3" > "2.2. Key Encapsulation Mechanisms", "3. Abbreviated AuthKEM with pre-shared public KEM keys": https://kemtls.org/draft-celi-wiggers-tls-authkem/draft-wigg...
by xorcist | 2025-11-28 07:42:16+00:00
> They don’t fit on a single screen, so to understand them you end up scrolling up and down.

Split them up into multiple functions and there is more scrolling, and now also jumping around because the functions could be anywhere.

> It’s hard to follow the state, because more things happen

It's easier to follow state, because state is encapsulated in one function, not constantly passed around to multiple.

> a huge switch statement with inline code

Huge switch statements are a common reason for large functions. Python has this architecture and largely won because the interpreter is surprisingly easy to understand and extend.
by toast0 | 2025-11-28 07:42:28+00:00
If someone with leverage (probably Apple) was willing to put the effort to push it, we could have TCP Fast Open, and you wouldn't need an extra round trip for TCP+TLS. But also note, TLS 1.3 (and TLS 1.2 FalseStart) only add one round trip ontop of TCP; going down from 2 round trips to 1 is nice, but sometimes the QUIC sales sheets claim 3 to 1; if you can deploy QUIC, you can deploy 2 handshake tcp+tls.

Apple put in effort to get MPTCP accepted in cellular networks (where they have direct leverage) and having it out there (used by Siri) puts pressure on other networks too. If they did the same thing for Fast Open (SYN with data), it could be big.

Unfortunately, I'm not sure anyone other than Apple is capable of doing it. Nobody else really has leverage against enough carriers to demand they make new TCP patterns work; and not many organizations would want to try adding something to SYNs that might fail. (Also, MPTCP allows session movement, so a new TLS handshake isn't required)
by ppg_hero | 2025-11-28 07:42:32+00:00
That's a really expensive way to get 2TB. Right now checking https://pricepergig.com you can get

External Storage 26TB for $10.38/TB - Seagate Drive Internal Storage 24TB for $10.81/TB - Seagate Drive

SSD - $48.75 / TB Crucial !
by frje1400 | 2025-11-28 07:44:08+00:00
I think that you are describing an ideal scenario that does not reflect what I see in reality. In the "enterprise applications" that I work on, long functions evolve poorly. Meaning, even if a long function follows the ideal of "single thread, step by step" when it's first written, when devs add new code, they will typically add their next 5 lintes to the same function because it's already there. Then after 5 years you have a monster.
by tarsinge | 2025-11-28 07:44:55+00:00
This is unfortunately a common fallacy: rules with consequences can encourage kids to lie, it’s inferior to trust, so let’s have no rules (and don’t say no) and talk through everything. Not only is not how kids brains grow, but inevitably the parents lack time to talk all day long and the kids end up on their own unprepared to face anything with consequences. This is a recipe for the behavior and anxiety problems that have become so common.
I took some random bets in life about what should I do and now I am stuck
by hopeful_coder | 2025-11-28 07:45:13+00:00
I just found out about the power law from the veritasium video and found that I have been believing in it unknowingly, right now I am at the bad end of the curve and not able to make any sense of things happening to me, what should I do ? I think the only option I have is to take more bets in life but please share your wisdom, wizards of the internet...
by otabdeveloper4 | 2025-11-28 07:46:32+00:00
> If you ask people “do Microsoft employees deserve to be treated as human beings”

No, I'm asking if Microsoft emploee code gets to be judged as a work of a person instead of a corporation, and the answer is a resounding NO.

Nobody cares what Microserfs do in their personal life. (I'm sure they're great people, some of my closest relatives were Microserfs too.)
by suchoudh | 2025-11-28 07:47:01+00:00
its been 10+ years for me here ..

Thanks for being around everyone.

I used to tell my father about communities that build them around a particular coffee shop with tables that have different kind of conversations ..

YC conversations are the best ( least fluff, more stuff) There is no garden without a gardener.

Thank you @dang and @tomhow .. ( before this post I had no clue who you were so thanks to @prodigycorp as well )
by xandrius | 2025-11-28 07:47:22+00:00
I agree on all but launching an app with a side job is less hard than the author expects: not having whatever you are working on to be a successful money maker does add lots of benefits. These include: not having to sell out (adding cheap ads is included in my opinion) just to make some money, take on projects you seriously believe should exist in the world and not because they are lucrative.
by auggierose | 2025-11-28 07:47:56+00:00
This is a great example! First, you can see that time_f only gives you upper bounds for the runtime (they say this in the book explicitly, but in a different context), because who is to say that you cannot find even "faster" equations. There are different ways you could assemble equations for computing double, and each of these ways would give you some upper bound; naturally, you would pick the lowest of these upper bounds so far.

Second, you refer to time_f as "shenanigans", but this is only because you are allowed to see how the sausage is made. As is often the case, familiarity breeds contempt. If Isabelle had time_f built into its kernel from the start (the script just runs invisibly to you inside the kernel), would you then say that there is a formal connection in Isabelle between f and its runtime complexity?

Third, if you wanted to do it not axiomatically (which is what this is: it is an axiomatic approach to runtime complexity), but definitionally, then you have to come up with a lot of definitions: You have to define a machine model (e.g. Turing Machine, or Apple M1), you have to define what it means to run functions like double on your machine (you would do this by proving morphisms between your Isabelle functions, and your Isabelle machine functions; or you only look at Isabelle machine functions), you have to say what the runtime of that is, and THEN you can start proving theorems about it. Which will be mostly just more complicated versions of what you can already prove now via time_f; but on the other hand you could then prove exact runtime costs in "machine steps", if you so like.
by jillesvangurp | 2025-11-28 07:48:33+00:00
You use safety more in relation to correctness aspects of algorithms. Some safety properties you can actually prove. When it comes to robustness it is more about dealing with things sometimes being incorrect regardless of the safety mechanisms. So, a try catch for something that isn't actually expected to normally fail makes you robust against the scenario when that does fail. But you'd use e.g. a type system to prevent classes of failures as safety mechanism.

It's a very soft distinction, I agree. And possibly one that translates less well to the physical world where wear and tear are a big factor for robustness. You can't prove an engine to be safe after thousands of hours. But you can make it robust against a lot of expected stuff it will encounter over those hours. Safety features tend to be more about protecting people than the equipment.
by ppg_hero | 2025-11-28 07:49:04+00:00
I agree with the sentiment, the simpler smaller tasks are now 'hey, Claude, go add another text box here and just follow the flow to get it in the database' because some customer wanted a 'colour choice' field next to the vehicle registration or whatever.

But you still have to check it, even if Claude drives a web browser and says he's done 'production ready' code. someone still signs this off as 'their code' at this point.

Maybe every app just needs to do a Google and say it's 'beta' forever and ever!
by andsoitis | 2025-11-28 07:49:17+00:00
> Even a small hole, if left unplugged, will eventually sink a ship. Likewise, some types of systematic problems in a country (that are not self-solving or naturally limited) will eventually ruin it if not addressed directly.

Not necessarily. Whether it sinks depends on three things: hole location, rate of flooding, and watertight compartment design.

What’s an example of a systematic (systemic?) problem that will ruin a country if left unsolved?
by antonvs | 2025-11-28 07:49:29+00:00
> Fusion energy is really the only counterexample in history, which makes me think we are still missing some crucial physics about how it works

This is magical thinking. We know how fusion works in great detail. And “reliably triggered with minimal energy” is essentially not a thing, unless by minimal energy you mean something like 10 million times the energy of an air particle at room temperature, for every particle in a reactor.

What we’re trying to do is recreate the conditions at the core of a star - which is powered by gravity due to hundreds of thousands of Earth masses. And since we don’t have the benefit of gravity anything like that, we actually have to make our plasmas significantly hotter than the core of a star. And then contain that somehow, in a way that can be maintained over time despite how neutron radiation will compromise any material used to house it.

The reality is, we still don’t know if usable fusion power is even possible - there’s no guarantee that it is - let alone how to achieve it. The state of the art is orders of magnitude away from even being able to break even and achieve the same power out as was put into the whole system.
by orthoxerox | 2025-11-28 07:50:21+00:00
Yes, I have a dead-simple env.bat/env.sh file that sets up specific Java and Maven versions for programs that IDEs struggle with building. I don't see the need to set up an extra tool to install more Java versions, because I don't rebuild my dev environments from scratch every week. My Java 8 installation is three-years old now and has survived a complete Windows reinstallation.
Show HN: Turn your site into a demo video with one URL
by lococococo | 2025-11-28 07:50:22+00:00
Tired of recording the same product demo 10 times and still not being happy with it?

That’s basically why I built AutoAds (autoads.pro).

The idea: you paste your site’s URL, and an AI pipeline does all the annoying stuff for you, fully automatic.

What it does

- You paste the URL of your site (SaaS, e-commerce, portfolio) - An AI pipeline visits the site and analyzes the content (sections, copy, visuals, CTAs, etc.) - It generates a screen-recording-style video of your site: - scrolling and navigating - focusing on the key sections - It then does an automatic edit: - short cuts - "promo-style" pacing - wraps everything inside a Mac mockup so it looks like a product video - In parallel, the AI generates: - a voiceover that explains your product - subtitles synced with the voice

End result: you get a ready-to-use promo video (MP4) without opening Loom, without a mic, without a camera.

What it works for today

- SaaS products - E-commerce sites - Portfolios / personal sites

There’s a free plan so you can try it with your own site (no credit card).

Feedback I’m looking for

- Would you actually use this instead of recording a manual demo? - What would you want more control over: script, voice tone, mockup style, video length? - What’s missing for you to feel confident using it on your landing page or in paid ads?

Link: autoads.pro

If you try it and get a cool (or terrible) video, I’d love to see it and hear what feels off or missing.
by beAbU | 2025-11-28 07:50:36+00:00
When looking at this history here on HN, he started out in the poker world. I'm not sure if he played, but he wrote a poker engine or something. In my experience, the venn diagram for professional poker players, crypto enthusiasts and grifters have a lot of overlap.

But for this guy specifically there's practically complete radio silence during the crypto era. It's only recently with all the AI noise that he's become active here on HN again.
by AceJohnny2 | 2025-11-28 07:52:59+00:00
haha remember Steve Yegge's Platform Rant? [1]

nothing changed...

[1] Ref: he mistakenly posted what was meant to be an internal memo, publicly on G+. He quickly took it down but of course The Internet Never Forgets https://gist.github.com/chitchcock/1281611
by aguy123 | 2025-11-28 07:53:21+00:00
H2 Trucks are dead, just from the economics. Watch the latest video from Elektrotrucker on youtube where he does the math. His BEV long haul actros comes out to a price per km of 0.35 EUR whereas the h2 Truck ends up at 1.35 EUR. There is a reason why Charging networks for BEV trucks are expanding while h2 stations are being taken down.
by input_sh | 2025-11-28 07:55:01+00:00
It's meant to be a Firebase / Supabase alternative.

Yes, you can always build a better backend yourself if you know what you're doing, or you can go from zero to having a proper auth (username/password, 0auth providers, one-time emails, multi-factor) to plug into by running a binary.

Unlike Firebase, you can run it anywhere. Unlike Supabase, you don't need 10+ containers to do so.
by epistasis | 2025-11-28 07:55:17+00:00
The peak for combustion engines was nearly a decade ago now:

https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/global-sales-of-com...

The propaganda machine in the US has tricked a huge number of Americans into sabotaging their own industrial future, merely to give fossil fuel infrastructure stocks a few more years of slightly higher profits.

When large corporations fail to adapt to changing technology, it gives smaller companies a chance to break in and take over markets.

We are seeing exactly the same thing happening right now with China catching up to the US economy. And by refusing to adapt to better technology that saves us money, we are seriously handicapping our future.
by kulahan | 2025-11-28 07:56:08+00:00
Does anyone simply not get how this comic got so popular? I've never read a strip from this comic and once felt anything interesting. It's not a Calvin and Hobbes, it's not a Howard the Duck, it's just... I dunno, cute? I guess people like it because it's kinda cute?

I know, I'm being something of a Bah Humbug, but I legitimately cannot see the draw of this comic. It reminds me of Family Circus - no story, just vaguely cute things grannies would seemingly like to see?
by 01100011 | 2025-11-28 07:56:39+00:00
On point 5, I think this is the real moat for CUDA. Does Google have tools to optimize kernels on their TPUs? Do they have tools to optimize successive kernel launches on their TPUs? How easy is it to debug on a TPU(arguably CUDA could use work here but still...)? Does Google help me fully utilize their TPUs? Can I warm up a model on a TPU, checkpoint it, and launch the checkpoints to save time?

I am fairly pro-google(they invented the LLM, FFS...) and recognize the advantages(price/token, efficiency, vertical integration, established DCs w/ power allocations) but also know they have a habit of slightly sucking at everything but search.
by 8fingerlouie | 2025-11-28 07:56:52+00:00
96W is what's reported at the wall including everything. The switch reports 36W PoE consumption The Mac Mini is 5-6W, and the UNAS Pro around 35W with drives (4xHDD, 2xSSD).

So ~75W in total for everything PoE, Mac Mini and UNAS Pro. I was 8.5W over, so remove the Mac Mini from the equation.

The rest of the consumption (21W) is made up of a UDM Pro with a 4TB WD Red, USW Pro Max 16 POE, Hue Bridge, Tado Bridge, Homey Pro, and a Unifi UPS Tower.

and yes, that's at idle (drives spinning). It does rise to 120-130W when everything is doing "something".
by fooker | 2025-11-28 07:57:17+00:00
> at the core of a star - which is powered by gravity

That is what I meant, I doubt we really understand what 'powered by gravity' means. You could win a Nobel prize or two by discovering all the details involved here. You would also win a Nobel prize by definitively proving that nothing special happens, you just have high temperatures and high pressures.

The way we are trying to study fusion is like rubbing larger and larger rocks to produce more fire.
by chickenbig | 2025-11-28 07:58:41+00:00
The big question is how much it will cost. For comparison I believe there is a heat battery in Germany using (atmospheric pressure) liquid water (98 C), 50M EUR for perhaps 20x the thermal storage capacity (versus 20 C water).

The use of sand, presumably heated to a much higher temperature than the boiling point of water, seems overkill for district heating (unless peak heat demand requires flow temperatures above 100 C). But it does reduce the volume of sand required, so the size of the storage system.