MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by ethbr1 | 2025-11-11 14:09:52+00:00
Nvidia's moat is their pace of performance growth, which is hardware + software + cultural.

If they skip a beat, or it becomes impossible to increase performance (TSMC node stumble or P4-style dead-end), then it won't take long for someone to catch up.

If they keep executing on better hardware performance + software to support it? They keep the money spigot on.
by naasking | 2025-11-11 14:10:48+00:00
> Sorry if this is obvious, but do these languages let programmers explicitly assert that a certain, relevant property holds at runtime?

You can assert something but then you also have to prove it. An assertion is like a type declaration: you're asserting values of this type can exist. The proof of that assertion is constructing a value of that type to show that it can be instantiated.

This is what the Curry-Howard correspondence means. The types of most languages are just very weak propositions/assertions, but dependent types let you declare arbitrarily complex assertions. Constructing values of such arbitrarily complex assertions can get very hairy.
by mujtabaidrees94 | 2025-11-11 14:11:18+00:00
It makes sense to me personally I’ve been using multiple agents on a day-to-day basis to compare responses and generate content, among other things. I’ve also used this extension quite a lot in the past. Since the extension is currently free, I can create as many memory buckets as I want and make unlimited AI queries. I think I might eventually pay to use my memory or create new ones.

Full disclosure: I’m also part of the team that built this extension, and our entire team uses it to test functionality. So technically, we’re our own first customers.
by juujian | 2025-11-11 14:11:23+00:00
This space is changing quickly, and their numbers are already outdated. In Pennsylvania they are building a 4.5GW gas-fired power plant specifically to power AI data centers:

https://www.homercityredevelopment.com/project-overview

Even if it does not provide base load (which the co-location with the AI data center suggests it may come close to), that single power plant will emit millions of tons of CO2 per year.
by nandomrumber | 2025-11-11 14:12:21+00:00
Density is the concern we all have for solar.

Solar is so diffuse, just bringing it to where people need it has doubled the price purely in transmission infrastructure costs.

Reference: Australia - the place that’s supposed to be solar’s poster child has more than doubled electricity prices in the last three to four years because, unsurprisingly (we were warned), getting solar and wind to where they’re needed turns out to be incredibly expensive.
by ksec | 2025-11-11 14:12:23+00:00
I think, but I may be wrong, Zig wants to be high level assembly that could replace C. If people are viewing it from Python, Ruby, JS, and then C++ and Java POV, Zig may be a little too "raw". But then I don't think Zig intends to compete with C++ or Java. May be there will be a Zig ++ or Objective-Zig someday that will do that.
by skeeter2020 | 2025-11-11 14:12:30+00:00
Van Halen was playing giant stadium shows that were massive logistical and coordination challenges and used this contract language as a canary for more important aspects like the scafolding setup. If they didn't read the catering closely, did they also skim the electrical schematics? Their concerts were perfect scenarios for heavy-weight process, defined procedures and scientific management. A lot of software is punk rock DIY; get something of value out there asap and then iterate. If you don't release until your pluralization is perfect you've waited too long.

I think we're in agreement, just highlighting these are very different approaches to essentially management at different phases of the project lifecycle. Van Halen probably didn't have that rider in their contract at their first show.
by hrimfaxi | 2025-11-11 14:12:42+00:00
You had originally said the user should be liable instead of OpenAI being liable.

> However, the lyrics are shown because the user requested them, shouldn't be the user be liable instead?

I would imagine the sociological rationale for allowing sex work would not map to a multi-billion-dollar company.

And to add, the social network example doesn't map because the user is producing the content and sharing it with the network. In OpenAI's case, they are creating and distributing copyrighted works.
by ulrikrasmussen | 2025-11-11 14:13:06+00:00
They're not conflating them, they are pointing out that the closedness of the system and the control it gives Apple will be a useful tool to authoritarians who can force Apple to exert their power in certain ways.

Everyone who is not a public service is just "making a product", but when your product is actually half of all endpoints for digital services and communication and you insist on not handing control to the users, then you effectively control half the infrastructure.
by jasonlotito | 2025-11-11 14:13:29+00:00
I'm working on an TTRPG Toolset for managing universes

https://www.rpguni.com

It's still early in development, but it has a large number of features that I've always wanted. A dynamic entity system so users can create their own entities with their own traits. Random tables. A madlibs still generator. All of these things work together, too. You can have tables that randomly pick other tables values, or you can reference your own custom entities. And all this can be tied to maps or a calendar. Again, all something users can create. And of course, all of this can be shared out so you can have a published gazetteer and encyclopedia of your world that is easy to manage.

Mostly done because existing systems were too clunky, and wikis don't offer the same level of control and reuse. For example, you can reference entities parameters in other entities allowing you to embed data in multiple places and have it have a single source of truth.
by hsaleem03 | 2025-11-11 14:13:31+00:00
This is actually one of the few 'memory layer' approaches that feels grounded in how we - the users - actually switch between models. We want continuity across LLMs instead of being restricted to one.

The monetization question really comes down to trust: if it feels like their memory (private, portable, revocable), the value prop is obvious.

$12/month seems fair when I factor in how much context rebuilding time it saves me each week.
by robofanatic | 2025-11-11 14:13:35+00:00
> Instead, think about the stuff you are offering.

This is exactly what the author is doing. Paying attention to detail. Not upselling you anything. He is not getting any direct ROI for doing that.

I recently hired a contractor to clean ducts in my house. He was really nice guy, while his partner was working, he chatted with me about how their carpet cleaning service could make my carpets look like new, and even pointed out a few spots in the kitchen where grout cleaning might help. He was a great salesperson and very personable but when they finished the duct cleaning, they left a bit of debris behind. It wasn’t a big deal, but was enough to make me forget all the upselling he did before. Just goes to show that a little attention to detail can make a big difference. Next time I might shop around or may hire them again only if they give me a much better price.
by thaumasiotes | 2025-11-11 14:14:19+00:00
> You can have multiple duties and they can conflict.

There's a very strong impulse in American society to say that, no matter what situation you find yourself in, there must be a path out of it that doesn't involve doing anything wrong.

If you start with that premise, it's easy to prove that it's impossible to have conflicting duties.

I think this viewpoint is insane, but it's common anyway.
by lionkor | 2025-11-11 14:14:47+00:00
> a cold, hard reminder that this is clunky, soulless machinery

This is where my view differs fundamentally. If I get another "let's set up your account!" text in a soulless, cold software, I am throwing my laptop out the next window.

It's a machine. It needs to communicate information to me. A large part of the AI boom is that we can now pretend that it's not a machine by using enough compute power to probably solve every problem ever, just to say "Of course -- you're so right!".

We made sure to write software so inefficiently and badly that you can barely tell how powerful modern computers are.

Just another little layer, one more branch, one more step between the user and the hardware -- just buy more ram. Buy a better CPU. They now have double the cores, you hear?
by Aurornis | 2025-11-11 14:14:49+00:00
> To put this in perspective: world wide the emissions were ~ 37.8 billion tonnes (gigatonnes) in 2024 and 4.77 billion tonnes in the US. So, we're talking about 0.019 % of US emissions.

Thank you for putting it in perspective. All of these headlines that quote isolated emissions numbers without anything to compare it to are deliberately useless. It’s meant to ride the wave of anti-data center and anti-AI outrage, not to be actually useful for forming an opinion.

It’s also unhelpful when data center emissions is compared to personal household use or cars. The real comparison should be to other industrial and commercial operations. If we started putting datacenter emissions in context with other processes like global shipping, aluminum production, or other industrial scale activities people would realize it’s not a problem. Journalists aren’t doing that, though, because they want to tap into the anti-data center outrage in the zeitgeist right now.
by parth21shah | 2025-11-11 14:14:54+00:00
I started this as a personal project to help with monitoring my personal projects. The eBPF monitoring works well - that part is solid.

The AI part is experimental, especially the idea of running inference on CPU (can't afford GPUs and didn't want to rely on OpenAI APIs, though that's where it started). It's hit-or-miss depending on the model.

Not production-tested at scale - just sharing in case it's useful to others who want to tinker with eBPF + Rust.

Full transparency: I did use AI to help write the documentation because honestly, writing docs feels boring and will review thoroughly now based on your feedback

Open sourcing something for the first times so trying and learning
by dathinab | 2025-11-11 14:15:17+00:00
they clearly didn't do that properly, or we wouldn't have the current law suite

the lawsuit was also not about weather it is or isn't copy right infringement. It was about who is responsible (OpenAI or the user who tries to bait it into making another illegal copy of song lyrics).

A model outputting song lyrics means it has it stored somehow somewhere. Just because the storage is in a lossy compressed obscure hyper dimensional transformation of some kind, doesn't mean it didn't store an illegal copy. Or it wouldn't have been able to output it. _Technical details do not protect from legal responsibilities (in general)_

you could (maybe should) add new laws which in some form treat LLM memorized things the same as if a human did memorize it, but currently LLMs have no special legal treatment when it comes to them storing copies of things.
by simianwords | 2025-11-11 14:15:32+00:00
This is going to be the problem with any new construction or infra project in general. If you buy a big plot of land for a new shoe factory - you will need energy, real estate and many other things which will drive prices up.

I'm seeing a big push back from just normal infra building but no one sees the other side - demand for AI is met. Taxes are paid. Jobs are secured.
by sam_lowry_ | 2025-11-11 14:15:41+00:00
> What are you talking about?

Sorry for not being specific enough. I am talking about the "GPS jamming" of the plane that she flew to Plovdiv 31 August 2025.

Here are the fake news by Ursula von der Leyen press secretary at the morning briefing next day: https://audiovisual.ec.europa.eu/en/media/video/I-276341

Here FlightRadar24 publishing the facts: https://twitter.com/flightradar24/status/1962565122326700178

Here is the parliamentary question that asks why EU Commission was spreading fake news: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/O-10-2025-0000...

The majority of HN readers would have immediately understood that such lies can be easily disproved.

That there was none around Ursula von der Leyen nor her press secretary to warn them about this is really worrying me.

Not only these ladies are clueless... the whole cabinet is probably as clueless as they are.

If you take time and watch that press conference, you'll notice something even more alarming. Podesta, the press secretary, uses the words front and frontline quite a lot and give the impression that they are already at war.
by marler8997 | 2025-11-11 14:16:37+00:00
Yeah this is correct. You don't want to pass these values around "by value" but, you should be able to "embed them" and pass "pointers to them". It's a middle-ground between a completely opaque type which you would also pass around by address, but, with the added benefit that you allocate your own storage for it.

I sort of mentioned this in the blog but this is good clarification.

> if you want to pass a shared_ptr to Zig, you need to pass a pointer to the shared pointer

For lore, I believe this GitHub thread is where I first learned about the how types of the same size/alignment can still have different ABIs :) https://github.com/microsoft/win32metadata/issues/623#issuec...
by infinitezest | 2025-11-11 14:16:59+00:00
This is something I've been waiting to hear as well. We hear about how jobs will be eliminated, and occasionally we hear about how that means there will be time for other things that we want to do, but it kind of seems like AI is already doing all of the things that we want to do. And then, of course, there's the question of how the rest of us are going to provide for ourselves if none of us have jobs. Those at the top already seem quite reticent to share with the rest of us. I can't imagine that's going to get better if we don't provide any value to them that a computer can't do for cheaper.
by Aurornis | 2025-11-11 14:17:08+00:00
> 3. For those DCs connected to the local grid, dthey are essentially getting residential customers to pay for the infrastructure and to subsidize the energy usage

This is not the case for any well run utility. Commercial customers will pay their share and have their own rates.

Residential power rates are heavily regulated and require a lot of work and justification to raise.

The one case you’re citing appears to be some failure or perhaps corruption. It’s not a universal rule.
by lowercased | 2025-11-11 14:17:23+00:00
When you interacted with a 'computer' once or twice a week, perhaps... seeing "please" is ... neat? A 'wow' factor ("wow! It knows English!")?

Peppering input fields and forms and folksy welcoming language scattered thoughout might be useful now and then, but for systems where people are using it repeatedly hourly/daily/weekly... it's (at best) clutter and noise.
by maratc | 2025-11-11 14:17:26+00:00
I think it's more about inclination of the words that can't be replaced with a number.

In English, it's easy:

* 1 *file* sent

But:

* 2 *files* sent * 12 *files* sent * 21 *files* sent * 16,777,221 *files* sent.

How does Polish go about that?
by quuxplusone | 2025-11-11 14:17:30+00:00
Not scaffolding in the same way, but, two examples of "fetishizing accidental properties of physical artworks that the original artists might have considered undesirable degradations" are

- the fashion for unpainted marble statues and architecture

- the aesthetic of running film slightly too fast in the projector (or slightly too slow in the camera) for an old-timey effect
by Atlas667 | 2025-11-11 14:17:36+00:00
I'd say my visual imagination is pretty strong.

I bet we're just good at scanning. Eyes are made for looking and we can use a semi-subconscious level of looking that attracts our eyes to what we want to find.

Though I'm sure most everyone is, really.

I bet I just wanted to find 4 leaf clovers more than my peers and would focus more.
by PaulKeeble | 2025-11-11 14:17:47+00:00
Trials are really different skill set compared to the scanning for these chemicals or in this case meta studying. Trials involve large numbers of people you have determined do and do not have the condition you are trying to treat and then having your treatment and having some way to measure if the treatment is impacting the thing you expect it to (brain choline levels) and whether that impacts the symptoms (anxiety).

Trials cost millions and in this case would require a number of different expertise, meta studies on the other hand is just reading and statistical analysis with knowledge of the biases of papers and assessing them critically and they don't cost millions.
by dmitry_stratyfy | 2025-11-11 14:17:54+00:00
Prolog is heavy-weight 1st order logic machine.

vector-logic is light-weight propositional logic inference engine. Optimised for simple queries like "what is the value of 'y' given all rules and evidences", and also allows you to iterate through the entire valid set (all valid assignments).

We also bothered to make the interface very simple and intuitive - you'll have very shallow learning curve.
Show HN: Tusk Drift – Open-source tool for automating API tests
by Marceltan | 2025-11-11 14:18:16+00:00
Hey HN, I'm Marcel from Tusk. We’re launching Tusk Drift, an open source tool that generates a full API test suite by recording and replaying live traffic.

How it works:

1. Records traces from live traffic (what gets captured)

2. Replays traces as API tests with mocked responses (how replay works)

3. Detects deviations between actual vs. expected output (what you get)

Unlike traditional mocking libraries, which require you to manually emulate how dependencies behave, Tusk Drift automatically records what these dependencies respond with based on actual user behavior and maintains recordings over time. The reason we built this is because of painful past experiences with brittle API test suites and regressions that would only be caught in prod.

Our SDK instruments your Node service, similar to OpenTelemetry. It captures all inbound requests and outbound calls like database queries, HTTP requests, and auth token generation. When Drift is triggered, it replays the inbound API call while intercepting outbound requests and serving them from recorded data. Drift’s tests are therefore idempotent, side-effect free, and fast (typically <100 ms per test). Think of it as a unit test but for your API.

Our Cloud platform does the following automatically:

- Updates the test suite of recorded traces to maintain freshness

- Matches relevant Drift tests to your PR’s changes when running tests in CI

- Surfaces unintended deviations, does root cause analysis, and suggests code fixes

We’re excited to see this use case finally unlocked. The release of Claude Sonnet 4.5 and similar coding models have made it possible to go from failing test to root cause reliably. Also, the ability to do accurate test matching and deviation classification means running a tool like this in CI no longer contributes to poor DevEx (imagine the time otherwise spent reviewing test results).

Limitations:

- You can specify PII redaction rules but there is no default mode for this at the moment. I recommend first enabling Drift on dev/staging, adding transforms (https://docs.usetusk.ai/api-tests/pii-redaction/basic-concep...), and monitoring for a week before enabling on prod.

- Expect a 1-2% throughput overhead. Transforms result in a 1.0% increase in tail latency when a small number of transforms are registered; its impact scales linearly with the number of transforms registered.

- Currently only supports Node backends. Python SDK is coming next.

- Instrumentation limited to the following packages (more to come): https://github.com/Use-Tusk/drift-node-sdk?tab=readme-ov-fil...

Let me know if you have questions or feedback.

Demo repo: https://github.com/Use-Tusk/drift-node-demo
by paradite | 2025-11-11 14:18:46+00:00
That's mostly because of the system prompt asking Claude to be a helpful assistant.

If you try with a human who works in a call center with that system prompt as instructions on how to answer calls, you will likely get a similar response.

But honestly, believe in whatever you wanna believe. I'm so sick of arguing with people online. Not gonna waste my time here anymore.
by diogocp | 2025-11-11 14:19:15+00:00
Or deport them.

> Unauthorized immigrants live in 6.3 million households

> Almost 70% of these households are considered “mixed status,” meaning that they also contain lawful immigrants or U.S.-born residents.

That works out to 1.9 million households with only illegal immigrants.

Source: https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/22/what-we-k...
by berkes | 2025-11-11 14:19:36+00:00
Ideally: yes. Off course.

But how are you going to enforce that liability? Making and selling knock-off "Lego ™" is already "illegal"¹ yet Ali-express is filled with this. How would this change when this knock-off-lego is also made with poisonous plastics?

Point is that e.g. within the EU the liability is clear and enforcable and the manufacturer has a role there. But with imported products, it doesn't. That liability lies entirely on the importer.

¹ (in legislations that recognize the International Trademark and copyright laws)
by jacquesm | 2025-11-11 14:19:44+00:00
> Why has no one put microkernels and Erlang into a blender? I know there's QNX, but it's still UNIX, not Erlang.

That's a very good question. There are some even lesser known dialects out there that do this but you are going to find it hard to get to the same level of feature completeness that Erlang offers out of the box.

QNX and Erlang embody quite a few of the same principles, but QNX really tried hard to do this at the OS process level in a way that destroyed a lot of the advantages that doing the same under Erlang would have. I think the main obstacle is the fact that the CPU does not support reductions natively. Maybe you could take it a step further and design an FPGA CPU that implements the core features of Erlang at the hardware level?

That would be an absolutely awesome project. Usually when you can think of it someone has already done it so a bit of googling would be a good way to start with that.
by thebigspacefuck | 2025-11-11 14:19:59+00:00
In the article it states: “Faced with mounting evidence that trans is in decline, some progressive and transactivist writers have shifted to arguing that Republican attacks on their movement have pushed trans people back into the closet. However, the FIRE data shows that non-binary students self-censor their opinions less than other students, and feel as free as anyone else to voice their views on transgender issues, with no change after Donald Trump took office for the second time. Accounting for the political views of non-binary students and their peers, there is no evidence that the speech climate for non-binary students worsened on red state campuses more than blue state campuses after 2024. This is not about trans people going back into the closet.”
by bell-cot | 2025-11-11 14:20:09+00:00
> ... doesn’t mean they shouldn’t be criticised when ...

In one sense, you're free to criticize corporate exec's 24/7, for everything from their haircuts to how they tie their shoes. With no rhyme nor reason beyond "free speech".

But in another sense...complaining from the internet peanut gallery that the rich and powerful are running the real world according to Munger's Law ("Show me the incentive and I’ll show you the outcome"), instead of obeying your notions of propriety...that is not particularly insightful, entertaining, or useful.