MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by kurlberg | 2025-11-05 12:33:56+00:00
I don't think this is entirely due to Wozniak. Early "home" computer systems were based on connecting cards to a bus (eg the S-100 bus), eg. with one card supporting the CPU, another RAM, a third for disk drive, video card etc, etc. The cards where then memory mapped, presumably you controlled the memory mapping by setting jumpers. (I guess you're saying that Apple II managed this automatically?) Of course the full story might be a bit more complicated: 6502 and 6800 used memory mapped I/O, whereas 8080 (and Z80?) had certain I/O pins coming out of the CPU.
by krisoft | 2025-11-05 12:35:09+00:00
It is a very practical amount of fait.

There are two fire detection loops for each engine.[1] Even if both fails (because they get shredded as you say it) the system will report an engine fire if the two loops fail within 5s of each other. (Or FIRE DET (1,2,3,or APU) FAIL, if they got shredded with more than 5s in between without any fire indications in between.)

The detection logic is implemented directly below the cockpit. So that unlikely to have shredded at the same time. But even if the detection logic would have died that would also result in a fire alarm. (as we learned from the March 31, 2002 Charlotte incident.)[2]

In other words it is a very reliable system.

1: page 393 https://randomflightdatabase.fr/Documents/Manuel%20Aviation/...

2: https://www.fss.aero/accident-reports/dvdfiles/US/2002-03-31...
by ben_w | 2025-11-05 12:35:12+00:00
I think it's enthusiasm from SpaceX delivering Starlink at a sensible price, and Starship looking like it's probably going to be fully reusable and bring prices down further.

Given Musk's behaviour on the world stage… I wouldn't bet on SpaceX being allowed to allow him on-premises after 2028, let alone direct the company and get it to deliver the price goals he's suggested in various places.
by szjanikowski | 2025-11-05 12:35:22+00:00
We are building https://noesis.vision/ a similar tool to extract the system architecture from the source code according to the patterns. We are now in beta for .NET.

After working with the topic for multiple months I can tell you that introductions for new-joiners are not the only use case for this kind of extracted knowledge. Many ppl in the organizations need insights into the software structure as they either impact decisions shaping this structure (e.g. analysts) or depend on the decisions about this structure (e.g. testers, or support agents)

It's all the matter of giving access to reliable architecture knowledge structured by a consistent ontology. Garbage in / garbage out - the higher the knowledge quality, the better the output - both for human and agentic knowledge consumers.
I wasted half a year on self-improvement
by BohdanPetryshyn | 2025-11-05 12:35:38+00:00
At the beginning of 2025, I decided to become an entrepreneur. I set my first goal to build a SaaS that would match my last salary.

All the media entrepreneurs I followed were flexing their perfect discipline and healthy lifestyles. I thought it was an integral part of success. So for half a year, I maintained perfect sleep, worked out 6-7 days a week, ate clean, and completely quit alcohol.

Have I succeeded yet?

Not yet. I substituted the hard work - building and getting customers - with something easier that felt like progress - endless preparation.

It sounds like complete nonsense now, but I genuinely believed that if I got good enough, entrepreneurship would just happen on its own. I was still working full time and trying different projects, partnerships, but I was definitely not realizing that it's me who is responsible for making it happen. And I see so many friends falling into the same trap. Self-improvement feels like progress without the risk of actually failing.

Since summer, I've significantly deprioritized self-improvement. I allow myself junk food when I want it, beers with friends, and skipping gym when I don't feel like it. But now I focus all my effort on one thing - building and getting customers.

Here's what I've built so far:

embedex.io - Turns out bloggers don't want it. Spent around 8 weeks but learned a hard lesson: don't build in isolation.

lenzy.ai - This looks promising. Already found a few early adopters, making sure I make them happy.

I don't mean that living healthy or improving your habits doesn't matter. But it's not the work itself - it's just making the work easier.
by anymouse123456 | 2025-11-05 12:35:44+00:00
The core ideas of Flash remain unparalleled even now.

- Vector drawing and rendering for extremely fast performance and file size

- Visual authoring tool that invited creative, non-technical people to the party

- Deep support for managing state changes over time

- Gradual ramp of complexity that balanced ease of entry without overly constraining expertise

Were most Flash apps slow and buggy? Yes

Did Flex have tons of bloat and memory leaks? Yes

Did Flash create a cambrian explosion of creative and fun projects that inspired a generation of young people? Yes
by wongarsu | 2025-11-05 12:35:56+00:00
It'd certainly need more thought put into it than just showing the camera view from the entertainment system. Either just one camera on the tail pointed forwards, so you have one single camera that can show the whole plane, or two cameras in the front, one pointed at each wing. Two cameras is worse than one, but they are less likely to be affected by smoke or blood splatters or whatever. Maybe give each pilot one of the camera feeds. And you'd have to fit a dedicated screen for the video feed so pilots don't need to switch through screens in an emergency.

It'd take lots of testing and engineering. But especially in cases where you have multiple warnings going off I imagine that a quick view at an exterior camera can often give you a clearer/faster indication of the situation
by snvzz | 2025-11-05 12:36:17+00:00
The FUD keeps being brought up, but the solution here was in place before the potential issue could manifest.

It started with G, later retroactively named RVA20 (with a minor extra extension that nobody ever skipped implementing), then RVA22 and now RVA23. All application processor implementations out there conform to a profile, and so do the relevant Linux distributions.

Of course, in embedded systems where the vendor controls the full stack, the freedom of micromanaging which extensions to implement as well as the freedom to add custom extensions is actual value.

The original architects of the ISA knew what they were doing.
by gedy | 2025-11-05 12:36:34+00:00
> Is there anywhere within reasonable commute radius left to develop around NYC at scale?

I get the challenge of existing property/buildings other states, etc - but it always seems weird to me that you can have single story buildings less than one mile from Manhattan in Hoboken, etc. (as the crow flies, I get transit, etc).

Feels like the big problem is we can't change anything easily anymore.
by immibis | 2025-11-05 12:38:00+00:00
Even if you don't end up switching, the lesson from this person's experience and the comments here on HN is: Stop being afraid.

People make all sorts of excuses: it's not secure, it's not reliable, it doesn't scale. These are primarily people who have never touched a server. If they had, they would know actual tradeoffs instead of excuses. So go and touch a server and learn how it works.
by graemep | 2025-11-05 12:38:37+00:00
The problem with this is that the main value of Python is its ecosystem. SPy aims to be able to import Python libraries, but also not implement all Python features. If you are not 100% compatible how can you reliably import libraries?

SPy seems most likely to be more likely to be appealing as a more Pythonic alternative to Cython rather than a Python replacement.
by metalman | 2025-11-05 12:39:09+00:00
more than 700 genocide video's ,confirmed to have been removed, with countless others, errased, along with the person who took the video too quickly to be noticed. the strong implication is that utube has dedicated resources and staff working 24/7 to do this, or has allowed "outside" entities privlages to do so. though given the demographics in the NYC race, real support for the genocide is weak.
by mananaysiempre | 2025-11-05 12:39:09+00:00
Just as a side note, there are two versions of tiff6.pdf (titled “TIFF, Revision 6.0, Final — June 3, 1992”) on the ’net: one[1] that mentions Aldus on the title page and one[2] that mentions Adobe. Only the Aldus one has the invisitext. (Curiously, the metadata says it’s newer.)

[1] SHA256: dbcdf729182937ecff415dfd06806894bf03bfd741291aa3ad7ba45335673def, modify date 2002-05-10, created by Acrobat Distiller 4.05 for Windows, e.g. https://www.itu.int/itudoc/itu-t/com16/tiff-fx/docs/tiff6.pd...

[2] SHA256: 8cb1e1a2226e423ba8b88f57366a30ef1b7ad6109443ebdda072b952739a8d76, modify date 1995-09-14, created by Acrobat Distiller 2.1 for Power Macintosh, e.g. https://download.osgeo.org/libtiff/doc/TIFF6.pdf
by ompogUe | 2025-11-05 12:39:44+00:00
"Back in the day" I crawled Craigslist to get the urls for every location served in north America. Craigslist allowed you to create an rss feed from a search, so I scripted rss links to every location's jobs section with the search "freelance telecommute lamp developer".

Looking through that every day, got many contract jobs and 2 full time 10+ year "careers".

Low tech, but when it got to the sales calls was able to push the "creative problem solver" and "time/cost aware" angles, in addition to my tech resume. There was literally hardly any competition in many of these markets, because everyone else was on monster or whatever. Ymmv
by StarGrit | 2025-11-05 12:39:55+00:00
It literally isn't whataboutism.

It is a statement of fact about the nature of the US state (and would apply to most western ones tbh). Freedom of Speech is simply a privilege that those in power grant you when it is convenient to do so. It will be taken away when expedient to do so.

The post I was replying to seemed to believe it was a novel situation.
by crazygringo | 2025-11-05 12:40:46+00:00
What audio latency?

There's regular latency due to distance, just like on a phone call if you're chatting with someone halfway across the world.

But on a normal connection, audio and the persona should always be in sync, the same way audio and video are over Zoom or FaceTime.

There shouldn't be any extra latency for the audio only.
by chrismorgan | 2025-11-05 12:40:58+00:00
There are two differences.

① A growable string type overallocates, so you only eventually need to reallocate. An immutable string type has an exact-size allocation, so you must make a new allocation every time.

② An immutable string type can’t use realloc() anyway unless you can prove nothing else holds a reference to it, it needs to use a new malloc().
by mdhb | 2025-11-05 12:41:10+00:00
Just to be clear we are currently in a thread talking about someone who won against all odds and stupid amounts of money by not sticking to the supposed “centrist script”.

Also we aren’t talking about your personal preferences here in terms of quality of life but about hard data. The numbers aren’t even close. The one you listed as your personal favorite comes last in those categories.

I’m not trying to be rude but it sure seems like you’ve taken your preference of living in a rural area vs living in a city and then tried to build an argument around that.
by thunky | 2025-11-05 12:41:44+00:00
> But by default you also start with a new random seed every time you run the tests, so you can build up more confidence over the older tests and older code

Is it common practice to use the same seed and run a ton of tests until you're satisfied it tested it thoroughly?

Because I think I would prefer that. With non-deterministic tests I would always wonder if it's going to fail randomly after the code is already in production.
by Forgeties79 | 2025-11-05 12:43:03+00:00
I like having a color calibrated monitor but at the end of the day it’s about trusting my scopes too. Audio unfortunately has this perception element that for some reason doesn’t seem as big of an issue with video. We have dB/loudness standards for a reason, but different stuff just sounds louder or softer no matter what.

If it looks good on a mac laptop screen/imac and the scopes look right, it’s good for 99%+ of viewers. You can basically just edit visually off any Mac laptop from the last 10 years and you’ll probably be happy tbh.
by immibis | 2025-11-05 12:43:11+00:00
At one time I had a project to run a cryptocurrency node for BSC (this is basically a fork of Ethereum with all the performance settings cranked up to 11, and blocks centrally issued instead of being mined). It's very sensitive to random access disk throughput and latency. At the time I had a few tiny VPS on AWS and a spinning drive at home, so I evaluated running it there. Even besides the price, you simply cannot run it on AWS EBS because the disk is just too slow to validate each block before the next one arrives. I spent a few hundred dollars and bought an NVMe SSD for my home computer instead.
by KurSix | 2025-11-05 12:44:06+00:00
Yeah, it's easy to jump to the collusion theory, especially with this industry's, let's say, history. But honestly, I think it's less of an evil conspiracy and more just good old-fashioned fear mixed with inertia. These guys remember getting burned hard by oversupply cycles where they were left with mountains of useless chips. Nobody's gonna drop tens of billions on a new fab that could become a pumpkin in three years if the AI hype train just slows down a little

And on top of that fear, you have the pure technical reality: you can't just flip a switch and start pumping out wildly complex HBM instead of mass-market DDR5. That's like trying to retool a Toyota factory to build Bugattis overnight. So you get this perfect storm: a massive, near-vertical demand spike hits an industry that's both terrified of risk and physically incapable of moving fast. So yeah, they're absolutely milking the situation for all it's worth. But it's happening less because they're master villains and more because they're both scared and incredibly slow
by cholantesh | 2025-11-05 12:44:10+00:00
And now we're onto gish galloping - word of advice that this tactic works best while speaking; when typing, lobbying a multitude of bullshit claims at a rapid pace doesn't have quite the same effect.

>Obesity is common in gaza

This maybe works as a claim if humans exist in non-linear time where 2020 and 2025 are perceived simultaneously. In fact, though, it's not a claim that any current data evinces.

>there are restaurants everywhere

And as we all know, a restaurant under rubble without sufficient access to ingredients or consistent utility supply is still operating at full capacity and its patrons don't need to have funds, able bodies, or the absence of the threat of random artillery strikes to avail themselves to their services.

>there aren't any pictures of starving families; all the pictures of starving kids have turned out to be of kids with serious pre-existing conditions

Adults have more developed organs and digestive systems than children and those pre-existing conditions are ones that would either have been managed with sufficient access to food or had resulted from prenatal nutritional deficiencies caused by insufficient access to food. Your previous point was solipsistic, this kind of immaterial distinction, though, is just cynical.

>there have been only about 200 malnutrition related deaths in two years of war in gaza

Outside of a comment on Threads, I can't find any source for this. I wonder how many qualifiers you'll add to the ynetnews editorial you'll quote in support of this one.

>no belligerent in the history of war has ever allowed in more aid to the opposing side than Israel.

Per Israel and its material partners, yeah. Not so much per every internationally recognized human rights watchdog, aid organizations that aren't staffed by mercenaries and funded by the IDF and the US, or genocide scholars and other academics in related fields. It's unclear whether simple credulity or ideological priors are at play in accepting such a premise.
by matthewdgreen | 2025-11-05 12:44:15+00:00
Health insurance that can discriminate against people based on pre-existing conditions rapidly becomes health insurance you can’t use. Sure, it’ll be cheaper for a few years. Then, with non-negligible probability, you’ll develop a serious condition. At that point the cost becomes anywhere between “high” and “infinite”. If the point is just “private insurance is dumb”, sure, I mostly agree.
by qkeast | 2025-11-05 12:44:17+00:00
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by didgeoridoo | 2025-11-05 12:44:31+00:00
I think GP’s point was that the vast majority of individuals have taxes that look like “one W2, maybe a couple 1099s, and standard deduction.” Many of these people have been scared into using a CPA when they really just need to plug-and-chug a few numbers into tax software.

As soon as the words “passthrough LLC” (or “farm” or “S-corp” or “itemize”) are on the table, it’s usually worth it to pay $1,000 for a professional, assuming your time is worth something.
by redhale | 2025-11-05 12:45:24+00:00
An I losing my mind? I feel like we're making things harder for ourselves. My mantra is: just use CLI tools. Or maybe "CLI tools are all you need"?

"--help" mechanics are already built in so the agent can discover what commands are available and how to use them. The agent can write shell scripts to wrap recurring uses or sequences, and then invoke those via CLI. And there are tons of well-tested existing CLI tools available.

I feel like this article being written with the assumption of MCP forces it to overcomplicate the issue.

Just one example: the Atlassian CLI works much more reliably (generally and as an agent tool) than the Atlassian MCP server. For example, the Atlassian MCP server has weird auth issues ask the time where it will just fail to auth in a session. Atlassian publishes both officially,
by deweller | 2025-11-05 12:45:31+00:00
AWS Amplify was supposed to solve this. It is built on the AWS CDK. But I found it too clunky and slow and gave up on it.

These days I use SST (https://sst.dev) which is built on top of Pulumi. I find this to be a manageable infrastructure-as-code solution for AWS deployments.
by thunky | 2025-11-05 12:45:56+00:00
> That has in part become the issue in modern politics, any compromise no matter how minor is seen as a loss.

Because to those who are now getting hit with huge insurance bills as a direct effect of that compromise, and may have to go without insurance at all, it is a loss.

And nothing has been done to address the underlying reasons and bad incentives that have led to this outcome. Which is also a failure.
by piltboy | 2025-11-05 12:46:05+00:00
Generally speaking I would classify TIFF and its variants as imaging formats (or for very simple numerical datasets), and NetCDF as more suited for raw data, in particular multi-dimensional data with time series, etc.

For forecast and climatological data I find NetCDF is vastly superior, but also much more complicated to work with due to the capabilities and how open the format is. Just have a look at the complexity of the CF Conventions to see what I mean: https://cfconventions.org/cf-conventions/release/v1.12.0/cf-...

For visualizing orthophotos and the like, I would choose GeoTIFF any day of the week, as they're easy to visualize across platforms using existing libraries. Using COGs you also get the functionality of a spatial index within each GeoTIFF file, meaning that you can stream subsets of GeoTIFF files without having to scan through the entire file for each request.
by latexr | 2025-11-05 12:46:29+00:00
> Did the government force YouTube to take down the videos?

Yes, according to the article. That argument is made over and over in it, it’s hard to miss. “Forcing” doesn’t just mean directly requiring the action, it also means the threat of “this is not going to end up well for you if you don’t comply”. Of course, you can argue that Google could and should fight it, but that doesn’t change what the government is doing.

> but a social media site censoring what they don't want to host seems like fair game.

Again, the article makes it really clear they are doing this as the direct result of government actions.
Ask HN: How do you convert AI-generated Markdown into high-quality PDFs?
by waleedk | 2025-11-05 12:47:50+00:00
I thought "markdown → PDF" would be trivial in 2025. It hasn't been so far.

I've been building a tool that generates AI-powered analysis reports in markdown (github.com/ansari-project/ragdiff - not a plug, just context). Getting high-quality, readable PDFs turned out way harder than expected.

The problem:

Markdown is underspecified, so tools have to make guesses. Most solutions produce mediocre output or are painful to work with:

- Pandoc: Powerful but requires deep LaTeX knowledge to get good results. Template debugging is arcane, and the LaTeX intermediate step adds surprising complexity.

- npm packages: Most produce poor typography, awkward page breaks, and inconsistent spacing.

- wkhtmltopdf and similar: Limited styling control, quirky rendering behavior.

What I actually need: proper margins, good fonts, readable code blocks, sensible page breaks, high quality diagrams from things like mermaid etc.

My current solution:

Markdown → HTML (with CSS) → Headless Chrome → PDF

But this feels like reinventing the wheel.

Is there a better way in 2025? What do you use for programmatic markdown → PDF when quality actually matters? Am I missing an obvious tool, or is "Chrome as PDF engine" actually the pragmatic solution?
by Aunche | 2025-11-05 12:48:00+00:00
The NYC Rent Guidelines Board is already tasked with keeping rents lower for rent stabilized tenants, except with long term sustainability in mind. A pledge to put your thumb on the scale to freeze rent for 4 years is a clear sign of prioritizing short term political optics. The clever part about this is even if tenants suffer, he can just blame any negative effects on "greedy landlords."