MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by masklinn | 2025-11-18 15:49:47+00:00
> Almost the entire value of symbols separate from strings is at the level of programmer communication rather than PL semantics.

That's the opposite of reality. Symbols are necessitated by PL semantics, which is why languages which don't have those problematic string semantics tend to not bother with symbols.

> It tells a reader of the code that this term is arbitrary but significant

That you can do that with symbols is not why they exist (you can need to associate additional semantics with pretty much any first or third-party type after all, that's why the newtype pattern is so popular in modern statically typed languages).

And it's not like you need formal symbols to do it in the first place. For instance like an other nearby commenter in Python I do that by using single and double-quoted strings, having taken up that habit from Erlang (where symbols are single quoted and strings are double quoted).
by Yizahi | 2025-11-18 15:49:54+00:00
I have close to two decades of driving experience and I dread driving on the rural roads. Roads where you can barely fit two cars side by side, or even narrower, unexpected cars rushing towards you from the closed dead corners, badly signed crossings etc. But mostly its narrow roads, it is extremely stressful for me, and double so in the twilight and in the darkness.
by mingus88 | 2025-11-18 15:50:13+00:00
LED upgrades were very popular in the early 2000s. IIRC that style of light was introduced by Lexus and Audi around 2003

The tuner community naturally started retrofitting those lights into their cheaper Hondas and Toyotas, as they were signals of luxury and performance. Those times were bad, since those folk were not aiming them properly.

Mainstream brands followed shortly afterwards, and now they are standard equipment. Honestly there is no going back. People won’t want a car with dim lights when every other car has “nicer” ones.

I agree it will take regulation to fix, and I am not at all confident in that ever happening. What used to be a $30 part at the auto store is now at least $300 in special parts and labor to replace a headlight, on the low end
by coreylane | 2025-11-18 15:50:14+00:00
I find stuff like this all the time, railway.com recently launched an object storage service, but it's simply a wrapper for wasabi buckets under the hood, and they don't mention this anywhere... not even the subprocessors page https://railway.com/legal/subprocessors - customers have no idea they are using wasabi storage buckets unless they dig around the dns records. so i have to do all this research to find upstream dependencies and go subscribe to status.wasabi.com alerts etc.

dig b1.eu-central-1.storage.railway.app +short

s3.eu-central-1.wasabisys.com.

eu-central-1.wasabisys.com.
by bretpiatt | 2025-11-18 15:50:29+00:00
Page 5, "The knowledge cutoff date for Gemini 3 Pro was January 2025."

Still taking nearly a year to train and run post training safety and stability tuning.

With 10x the infrastructure they could iterate much faster, I don't see AI infrastructure as a bubble, it is still a bottleneck on pace of innovation at today's active deployment level.
by nettalk83 | 2025-11-18 15:50:31+00:00
I’ve published a new protocol specification that proposes a deterministic, machine-verifiable trust model for decentralized governance. Instead of relying on probabilistic or socially ambiguous trust, TGC v2 defines trust, delegation, and legitimacy as explicit cryptographic structures and state-machine transitions. It combines deterministic voting, delegation graphs, multisig thresholds, and an immutable ledger to create a transparent, composable governance layer that both humans and AI agents can verify.

Core ideas:

Trust = explicit structured object, not sentiment

Delegation = formal graph, fully machine-readable

Governance = deterministic rules, reproducible by any node

Voting = threshold/graph-based, no ambiguity

Immutable ledger captures all transitions (trust, delegation, votes)

Designed to be compatible with on-chain systems & DAOs

Whitepaper: https://zenodo.org/records/17637365
by bccdee | 2025-11-18 15:50:31+00:00
Yeah I think true mocks often lead to fragile, hard-to-read tests. A text which expects a bunch of specific interactions with a mock is white-box, whereas a test which tests the state of a fake after the operation is complete is mostly black-box. Then, if your dependency gets updated, only the fake breaks, rather than all of your test expectations.

A particularly complex fake can even be unit-tested, if need be. Of course, if you're writing huge fakes, there's probably something wrong with your architecture, but I feel like good testing practices should give you options even when you're working with poorly architected code.
by iluxonchik | 2025-11-18 15:50:59+00:00
Some think that they define a single rate - namely the overnight lending rate - i.e. the rate at which the banks lend to each other overnight.

In reality, the Fed steers the prevailing interest rates in the economy by explicitly setting the following set of interest rates:

the FED sets a target interest rate range and 4 main explicit interest rates:

1. Overnight Reverse Repo Rate (ON RRP)

2. Interest on Reserve Balances (IORB)

3. Discount Rate - also known as Lending Rate

4. Standing Repo Facility (SRF)

The article explains how each one operates and how together they define a "corridor" for the target federal funds rate.
by philipallstar | 2025-11-18 15:52:05+00:00
> It does seem to me that a better system would be to split out the research/development and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals into the lab development (scientists), the clinical trials (should be government funded) and the manufacturing (this could easily be done via contract).

The market is there to risk money in the world of imperfect information trying to predict what would be good to pursue. That is one of the hardest parts of the process, but it's not even made your list.
by dragonwriter | 2025-11-18 15:52:50+00:00
> How do you lose citizenship of the place you're born without explicitly giving it up?

By action of the government of that place. Its kind of like asking how you go to prison without doing anything wrong; governments are neither universally well-intentioned nor infallible even when they are well-intentioned, so the outcome of their actions does not universally adhere to any idealistic set of standards of what should be.
by sabatonfan | 2025-11-18 15:53:06+00:00
Edit: Although I still stand with what I say, this comment has also aged like fine milk with cloudflare taking down aws,chatgpt and x and sooo many others that cloudflare outage had more upvotes on HN (if I am correct, I can be wrong tho, nothing new about it as well ) and thus more impact...

Honestly now the only stable provider which doesn't have an outage is google cloud in sick twisted fate

I am wishing when google cloud has its outage so I can recommend everybody to use hetzner (yes I know its not an apples to orange comparisons but hetzner has some crazy good uptime)
by bloomingeek | 2025-11-18 15:53:42+00:00
Here in the states, the painted white line on the right side of the lane, is for night driving. When an oncoming car's lights are reflecting too brightly, you can judge your car's position in the lane, IF the lines are not to faded.

Crazily, we allow people to raise up their trucks so high that at night, if they're behind you in the lane, the cab of your vehicle is flooded so badly, you can hardly see sometimes. (Just wait till you experience this in a drive-through lane!)

In my state, it's against the law to run your fog lamps when the weather doesn't warrant them, the police seem to have forgotten this.
by meetpateltech | 2025-11-18 15:53:48+00:00
> Google Antigravity is an agentic development platform, evolving the IDE into the agent-first era.

Antigravity enables developers to operate at a higher, task-oriented level by managing agents across workspaces, while retaining a familiar AI IDE experience at its core. Agents operate across the editor, terminal, and browser, enabling them to autonomously plan and execute complex, end-to-end tasks elevating all aspects of software development.

via: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/google-antigravity/about/
by inferiorhuman | 2025-11-18 15:53:59+00:00
1.0 says:

When a device has more than one instance of the Battery service, each Battery Level characteristic shall include a Characteristic Presentation Format descriptor that has a namespace/description value that is unique for that instance of the Battery service.

1.1 says:

When a device has more than one instance of the Battery Service, each Battery Level characteristic shall include a Characteristic Presentation Format descriptor (Volume 3, Part G, Section 3.3.3.5 in [1]) that has the Name Space field set to ”Bluetooth SIG” and the Description field set to a valid value from the GATT Namespace Descriptors [4] and that is unique among all instances of the Battery Service exposed by the GATT Server.

1.0 was a mess and your anger over a poorly defined and relatively minor feature seems quite misplaced. Bluetooth interoperability has historically been a mess (still is from my experience). But go ahead be big mad that Airpods only play audio from third party devices and don't provide battery status in a way that adheres to a recent revision of the standard. Meanwhile I'm sure Sony would never use a proprietary format ever…
Show HN: ExtraDock 4.0 – Create unlimited Docks on macOS
by pugdogdev | 2025-11-18 15:54:21+00:00
Hey everyone, After my first macOS app launch DockFlow, a few months ago, And the great support I got from this form, I am glad to announce my new product, ExtraDock!

ExtraDock lets macOS users create multiple docks and place them wherever they want. It was designed to solve the struggle of having a single dock to serve a multi-monitor setup.

Docks are fully customizable - colors, blur, opacity, border, etc. You can also add custom Widgets such as Spacers, Dividers, Clocks, and even cool widgets such as IP Address (always to show your external IP, great for VPN), or Stripe Dashboard Widget to show your gains :D

ExtraDock 4.0 also marks a very special release for me. It also includes the full integration with my other macOS dock app DockFlow. Having both apps work together (as fully separate apps) was very challenging, and very rewarding to pull off!

ExtraDock 4.0 Launch is LIVE right now on ProductHunt , so feel free to check it out and support me https://lnkflow.io/u/visit/producth

ExtraDock was acquired by me a few months ago from a great fellow indie hacker, and I did a full refactor on the code and infrastructure.

I really enjoy this app and plan to add many features in the future. You can check out the app on: https://lnkflow.io/u/visit/extradock Thank you
by sitzkrieg | 2025-11-18 15:54:23+00:00
a little niche cuz they're primarily a game server provider but nuclearfallout is the most proactive provider i've seen to do this, on vps or dedicated hardware. there has been many times they've worked with upstream bw providers and automatically holed incoming ddos, noticed packet loss and abnormal routing etc, before even reaching end user interfaces-

been using them for decades and they've been incredible for this, at least for the US options (prem/internap)
by phendrenad2 | 2025-11-18 15:54:24+00:00
Because DDoS is a fact of life (and even if you aren't targeted by DDoS, the bot traffic probing you to see if you can be made part of the botnet is enough to take down a cheap $5 VPS). So we have to ask - why? Personally, I don't accept the hand-wavy explanation that botnets are "just a bunch of hacked IoT devices". No, your smart lightbulb isn't taking down Reddit. I slightly believe the secondary explanation that it's a bunch of hacked home routers. We know that home routers are full of things like suspicious oopsie definitely-not-government backdoors.
by lynndotpy | 2025-11-18 15:55:43+00:00
The content ChatGPT returns is non-deterministic (you will get different responses on the same day for the same email), and these models change over time. Even if you're an expert in your field and you can assess that the chatbot returned correct information for one entry, that's not guaranteed to be repeated.

You're staking personal reputation in the output of something you can expect to be wrong. When someone gets a suspicious email, they follow your advice, and ChatGPT incorrectly assures them that it's fine, then the scammed person would be correct in thinking you're a person with bad advice.

And if you don't believe my arguments, maybe just ask ChatGPT to generate a persuasive argument against using ChatGPT to identify scam emails.
by 15155 | 2025-11-18 15:55:51+00:00
> Ruby does not care for efficiency, so there is no point to argue for symbols vs string performance

Symbols existed entirely for performance reasons and were once never GC'd: this is absolutely Ruby "car[ing] for efficiency."

Today, Ruby's Symbol is GC'd (and is much closer to 'String' in practicality) but still has enormous impacts on performance.
by bbminner | 2025-11-18 15:55:53+00:00
Seriously though, i doubt that "the rich across the globe" conspired to ban emergency currencies. I'd be curious to see a more in depth analysis of what are factors driving such local economies vs centralized currencies.

Is it precisely that the currency could not be exported outside the local region - that made it a barter tool vs an investment tool - that made it less affected by such external events as great depression?

What was the central government fearing? I'm sure there's a reason why it might be a less than ideal situation. Maybe because it is effectively a financial pyramid (more so than the primary currency) - a bunch of local govt making their local currencies with unclear unregulated printing schedule could result in many people not assessing their real purchasing power adequately?
by Olivia8 | 2025-11-18 15:55:55+00:00
I love the idea of this kind of automation when AI takes repetitive and time consuming tasks and you can concentrate on business growth. I am watching how Voice AI is growing this year, like crazy. Automation with AI voice agents is transforming how businesses manage inbound and outbound calls. Advanced systems can now handle lead qualification, appointment scheduling, and customer support with human-like empathy and natural speech. Platforms like Coldi AI are leading the way, creating voice agents so natural that customers often don’t realize they’re speaking to AI. Other major players, including Poly AI, Replicant, and Observe.AI, are expanding capabilities with emotional tone detection and context-aware responses. These tools allow companies to scale communication, all while maintaining a genuinely conversational customer experience and majority of customers do not mind "talking to a robot", as they just want their appointment to be booked and issues quickly resolved.
by gadsnprch | 2025-11-18 15:56:12+00:00
Well, if it were not for the fact that our two party system is controlled by donors and lobbyists I would hope for a legislative solution. If your product is used to defraud people, you have to reimburse the victims seems like a reasonable sort of law to enact. Such legislation would encourage companies to do more than give vague lip service to “guardrails.” I’ll admit that I’m not an anarchocapitalist who thinks we need to put all our resources, and the resources of future generations via overspending, into building ever more impactful AI, so maybe I don’t belong here. The ai worshippers have been making claims for several years now about ai curing cancer and solving all our problems: where’s the beef?
by HardCodedBias | 2025-11-18 15:56:26+00:00
Bard was horrible compared to the competition of the time.

Gemini 1.0 was strictly worse than GPT-3.5 and was unusable due to "safety" features.

Google followed that up with 1.5 which was still worse than GPT-3.5 and unbelievably far behind GPT-4. At this same time Google had their "black nazi" scandals.

With Gemini 2.0 finally had a model that was at least useful for OCR and with their fash series a model that, while not up to par in capabilities, was sufficiently inexpensive that it found uses.

Only with Gemini-2.5 did Google catch up with SoTA. It was within "spitting distance" of the leading models.

Google did indeed drop the ball, very, very badly.

I suspect that Sergey coming back helped immensely, somehow. I suspect that he was able to tame some of the more dysfunctional elements of Google, at least for a time.
by kubanczyk | 2025-11-18 15:57:13+00:00
> Physical attractiveness is a signal of reproductive fitness when it’s genetic, and not otherwise.

Nay, artificial physical attractiveness is also a signal of reproductive fitness. It isn't a given. It's the subject's genes that made a brain that was able to design (and to arrange to pay for!) the improved attractiveness.

It's not qualitatively different from brushing hair.
by kccqzy | 2025-11-18 15:57:14+00:00
XML has a DOM API. And most people use JavaScript in a browser to manipulate the DOM. So I would say among all the language it should be the JavaScript devs that are the most proficient at the DOM API.

Once you have learned the DOM API, it’s pretty much universal. Things like Document.getElementsByTagName not only work in JavaScript but also in Python: https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.dom.html#xml.dom.Docum...
by ponyous | 2025-11-18 15:57:16+00:00
Can’t wait to test it out. Been running a tons of benchmarks (1000+ generations) for my AI to CAD model project and noticed:

- GPT-5 medium is the best

- GPT-5.1 falls right between Gemini 2.5 Pro and GPT-5 but it’s quite a bit faster

Really wonder how well Gemini 3 will perform
by causal | 2025-11-18 15:57:39+00:00
A recurring theme in reading about Thiel, Karp and their supporters is a sort of "kill or be killed" mentality - implied if not stated outright. Likewise I've seen people say things like "well the other side was doing X anyway, so we should do it to them". It's disturbing to watch how easily fear and anger can be wielded to justify anything. Future generations, if they are lucky enough to learn from us, may well identify our addiction to anger as the great sin of our time.
by vladvasiliu | 2025-11-18 15:57:43+00:00
You're right, and it's actually even worse when the road has very reflective white lines. Basically, everything outside of the road is invisible. However, in France, they somehow haven't figured how to not have their lines disappear when it rains ever so slightly.

I think that there's some kind of middle ground. Older cars used to have pretty dim lights. When my dad got a Citroën C5 with Xenon lights many years ago, it was a game changer. That car and one almost identical one (Peugeot 407) were fairly popular around these parts when they came out, and I don't remember ever having issues with their headlights blinding me.

But something started to shift some 5 years ago: more and more cars started having blinding lights. Combined with taller and taller cars, it started being a pain.

I also think that people pay less attention to the state of their cars. Some (like that C5) have auto-levelling lights, and the Xenons seem to last forever (never had to touch them in almost 20 years of service). However, I have the impression that there are more and more cars with headlights which are simply out of whack. I base that judgement on the fact that most of the time, only one of the headlights will blind me, while the other seems fine. And I'm mostly talking "basic" cars, not some high-end mercedes with matrix lights or whatever they're called which may be misdetecting something.
by tristor | 2025-11-18 15:58:11+00:00
I put my personal website behind Cloudflare, and I recommend that you do too.

Why?

Pretty simple, really. My personal website, along with some other services, can run successfully from a $10/mo VPS on Digital Ocean because I can be assured that anything I post will have its traffic primarily absorbed by Cloudflare.

This lets me do things I want to do without having to consider the consequences or eating the direct cost myself, like having a gallery of my travel photography where I post nearly full-sized images that can be arbitrarily crawled. I have no concerns about my images being "stolen", because for the most part there'd be no reason to do so, but I'd have to stop doing that if I didn't have Cloudflare in front of my site because of AI crawlers and other things that will abuse the shit out of my little VPS.

Do I think I'm on the target list for a DDoS? Not at all. Do I think badly behaved crawlers and the general tom-fuckery of the Internet will destroy my little VPS and/or cause me outage bills? Absolutely. Cloudflare prevents all that, and as a bonus lets me geo-block bad actors to minimize the likelihood of even that happening.

See, my entire website is static, and for most people, so should yours be. The greatest thing about a static website is that the entire surface area is cacheable via a CDN. I /built/ my site with the idea of putting it behind Cloudflare in mind, specifically so I could do whatever I wanted (as long as it didn't need to query a database) and be entirely out of the woods.

It's worked great for over a decade, and I expect it to continue working great for a decade more. The fact it is currently down is not a big deal because I get maybe one organic visitor every week that's not my mom.
by bastawhiz | 2025-11-18 15:58:22+00:00
Since sibling comments have pointed out the various ES5 methods and ES6 for-of loops, I'll note two things:

1. This isn't an effort to make all variables `const`. It's an effort to make all objects immutable. You can still reassign any variable, just not mutate objects on the heap (by default)

2. Recursion still works ;)
by ryandrake | 2025-11-18 15:58:31+00:00
Glad you mentioned DOOM! Sometimes people forget that DOOM supported multiplayer as early as December 1993, via a serial line and February 1994 for IPX networking. 4 player games on a LAN in 1994! On release, TCP/IP wasn't supported at all, but as the Internet took off, that was solved as well. I remember testing an early-ish version of the 3rd party iDOOM TCP setup driver from my dorm room (10 base T connection) when I was supposed to be in class, and it was a true game changer.
by mingus88 | 2025-11-18 15:58:40+00:00
Wales certainly thought so. It’s a pretty pointless thing to stake your entire interview on, and all we get out of it is this low value clip. What a waste.

From what I have read, the other guy was getting a salary from Wales early on, which does sound like co-founder material to me. That point would have been worth bringing up instead of whatever noise this guy led with.
by steve_gh | 2025-11-18 15:58:41+00:00
Absolutely. The legal speed limit is 60 in the country - on any road not marked with a lower speed limit. This means that legally, you can drive at 60mph down a twisty single track road with 1.5m earth and rock banks topped with hedges.

You would be an irresponsible nutter with a death wish to try through! And if you crashed, "I was driving at / under the speed limit" wouldn't wash - you would be charged with Driving without Due Care and Attention, or Dangerous Driving depending on the consequences of the crash.
by WorldMaker | 2025-11-18 15:59:01+00:00
Which the US had a situation exactly like that until very recently: development labs, often at Universities, with scientists paid for by grants (some private, but the majority being public, government grants), with clinical trials overseen by government agencies like the National Institute for Health (NIH), and winning research eventually being tech transferred for cheap to Pharmaceutical companies to manufacture, distribute, and market.

The companies have the biggest PR arms, so took the most credit for a system that had been balanced on a lot of government funding in the earlier, riskier stages. Eventually the marketing got so unbalanced people didn't realize how much the system was more complex than the marketing and voted for people that decided it was a "free market" idea to smash the government funding for the hard parts of science.