MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by chongli | 2025-11-23 19:08:55+00:00
Might have been Waterloo's Introduction to Functional Programming (CS 135). I have TA'd (technically ISA'd) that course several times and helped countless students in office hours. The struggling students didn't just hate Racket, they hated the whole HTDP philosophy of following a "design recipe" and writing documentation prior to implementing a function. Most of those struggling students essentially waited till the last minute to do the documentation, completely flouting the intention of the course.

I don't know if the strong students had the intended approach since they were never in office hours asking for help!
by ta9000 | 2025-11-23 19:09:00+00:00
And this is why society is going to shit. “Live free, no regrets” has to be one of the most narcissistic memes I’ve ever heard of. If a person commits to a partner and/or a family, they shouldn’t just hit the reset button because they’re bored or upset with how life turned out. Talk to your partner. Tell them the truth. It’s wild that this has to even be said. Obvious caveats for abuse or depression, but come on. Have some grit.
by Vinnl | 2025-11-23 19:09:06+00:00
Yes, I am saying that perfect is the enemy of good enough. I think that if Signal were to keep chasing the complaining geeks, it would cease to be good enough. In the sense that it would be far less widely used, and thus not raise the privacy bar of society even a little bit. Which is why I advocate for not worrying about the complaints too much, i.e. to not let perfect be the enemy of good.

(Obviously there's always room for improvement, but even if there wasn't, the complaining still wouldn't stop.)
by mystifyingpoi | 2025-11-23 19:10:23+00:00
I really like this, it's a bit hardcore, but for someone that really cares about efficiency (whether it is worth it or not - debatable), this is great.

Though I have one minor nit against one point, that I've seen basically in every similar article:

> This means no arrow keys and no mouse

I use Neovim daily, and there is no denying that 98% of the time, using mouse is less efficient than doing a fancy search or jump. But for the remaining 2%, it's provably true that mouse is better - like, selecting an arbitrary block of code (without {} or any keyword to hang on). So I always recommend leaving the mouse enabled. Just use it when it makes sense.
by CrimsonCape | 2025-11-23 19:10:53+00:00
I see lots of shader related videos but to me the worst part of GPU code is that the setup is archaic and hard to understand.

Does anyone have a good resource for the stages such as:

- What kind of data formats do I design to pipe into the GPU? Describe like i'm five texcels, arrays, buffers, etc.

- describe the difference between the data formats of traditional 3D workflow and more modern compute shader data formats

- Now that I supplied data, obviously I want to supply transformations as well. Transforms are not commutative, so it implies there is sequential state in which transforms are applied which seems to contradict this whole article

- The above point is more abstractly part of "supplying data into the GPU at a later stage". Am I crossing the CPU-GPU boundary multiple times before a frame is complete? If so describe the process and how/why.

- There is some kind of global variable system in GPUs. explain it. List every variable reachable from a shader fragment program
by OhMeadhbh | 2025-11-23 19:10:57+00:00
I dunno. This just seems like an invitation for conflation. Maybe tell your chatbot friend about how grey aliens are stealing amazon packages from your front doorstep. Which is your favourite sentient virus? GE Electric Boat Division designed the government bioweapons research lab in my basement. James Bond and George Smiley popped 'round for lunch and filled me in on Hydra's latest plans. HAL 9000 owes me money. The iPhone is a decent consumer product. I spent the summer after my sophomore year of college as an intern on the Nautilus under Captain Nemo. Everyone talks about the Nazi's on the dark side of the moon, but no one talks about the Communists on Mars. I think my neighbors have been taken over by an alien hive mind.
by GuestFAUniverse | 2025-11-23 19:10:57+00:00
The tenor of the article is more like: Markdown is holding LLMs back. And it assumes the semantic enrichment comes for free. While I agree that other formats allow for that and it's nice to see the solid options: nope, nobody in our team has the time to do such a chore and we are fine with the information we leave for each other.

It's analogous to the whining of the semantic web folks. The semantic web hasn't happened as a whole. Same problem there: who would curate all the data?
by wahern | 2025-11-23 19:11:16+00:00
Time to up my game and finish adding new features to KeyMux, which supports enclave keys for SSH, SSL, and PGP, including in mixed-use scenarios, such as secure enclave-backed SSL peer authentication to a Vault server for SSH authentication with a non-exportable Vault private key: https://keymux.com/ (https://apps.apple.com/us/app/keymux/id6448807557)
by diogenescynic | 2025-11-23 19:11:42+00:00
Social media is going to be seen to future generations the way we currently see tobacco and alcohol. Look at what social media has done to the wellbeing of teen girls. There's been a dramatic decline in the mental health of teen girls. All those filters, OF fans, stars with eating disorders (just look at the Wicked cast), is literally killing teen girls with social anxiety.
by ahf8Aithaex7Nai | 2025-11-23 19:11:48+00:00
Capital letters come from Roman script. Lowercase letters come from a medieval administrative script (Carolingian minuscule). So you could say that we are mixing two completely different scripts. This becomes very clear when you look at a text written entirely in lowercase letters: the typeface is so uniform that I, at least, find it very pleasant to look at. Unfortunately, this is not the norm. Instead, I am condemned to live in a world where I have to look at writing consisting of two obviously thrown-together scripts day in and day out. Schopenhauer was right: the world is a vale of tears!
by sevensor | 2025-11-23 19:11:50+00:00
Which average office tasks would those be? Writing project proposals? Putting budget numbers into a shared spreadsheet? Composing a progress report? Preparing presentation slides for an executive status update meeting? Writing performance reviews? Taking mandatory compliance training? Going to planning meetings?

One or two of these, I could see. Automated progress reports would be nice. But a lot of them aren’t about document generation, but about human accountability, about being a person who commits to something in writing. Automating away paper pushers means all the accountability lands on their bosses, leaving them nowhere to hide. It will be quite something if we manage to rewrite the corporate social context like this.
by jedberg | 2025-11-23 19:13:22+00:00
I've been in the security space for 25 years, and understand the theory of PKI. But I've also been in the ops space for 30 years, and understand that if you don't balance security theory with operational practice, critical business functions can fail.

Ideally yes, the private key is never seen. In reality, it needs to be backed up in a secure place so it can be restored in the event of a failure.
by yesb | 2025-11-23 19:14:31+00:00
Both behaviors have been common/"correct" as long as I remember. Single window apps such as System Preferences, Disk Utility, etc. don't meaningfully exist without their window and as such they quit when the window closes. Multi-window apps e.g. web browsers, word processors have the "usual" macOS behavior where they can remain running without a window open.
by aoki | 2025-11-23 19:15:11+00:00
> Back at the SFMTA, Armando told me the Breda vehicles are being replaced, and with them their destination displays will be swapped for newer LED dot-matrix units that are more efficient and easier to maintain. By the end of 2025 the signs that inspired Fran Sans will disappear from the city, taking with them a small but distinctive part of the city’s voice.

:-(
by Wololooo | 2025-11-23 19:16:23+00:00
And I mean... They're not wrong.

I use a Mac for work, but also use windows and Linux machines.

The best experience hands down when it comes to specific things would be Linux, for very niche things because it's way less clunky than it used to and people have figured things out in the meantime.

My mac is the only system that I can mount (without too much pain because people have figured it out) any filesystem, I can virtually open every document from Mac to Windows to Linux. I have something close to package control with homebrew. The M chips are ridiculously good at both being decently performant while low energy consumption.

Sure it has its host of issues and I would be the first one in line to dunk on Apple for many many... many many, reasons, but there are things to like with their laptops...

In comparison, recently, Windows has been more and more aggressive towards their users and their data, attempting to lock people in for some spreadsheet editor... Gone are the days of Lotus1-2-3...
by Larrikin | 2025-11-23 19:16:43+00:00
So if you commit financial crimes and have a massive mansion, you get to just be at home and order door dash, plot your next scam, have visitors. Even without the amazing house it's already way less bad than even COVID restrictions. That's not a punishment

The if you can afford it bit makes makes it even more likely that rich and powerful aren't appropriately punished for their crimes.

Maybe improve the prisons instead so everyone has a proper chance at rehabilitation.
by hylaride | 2025-11-23 19:17:09+00:00
Strictly speaking people should be using multiple keys so if a device is lost/stolen, you're not left high and dry. Ideally one per device, especially if they don't support some kind of secure enclave.

I keep one in a yubikey protected by a PIN that sits in a safety deposit box, too. This way if I have my laptop, phone, and day-to-day yubikey is a house that suddenly burns down, I'm still ok.
by NicuCalcea | 2025-11-23 19:17:27+00:00
I had so many issues with it, but the one that annoyed me the most is app icons in the menu bar being hidden behind the physical notch, meaning I couldn't see them unless I was connected to a second screen. It showed me the whole "Apple is amazing at design" stereotype was just that.

Oh, and the Music app would launch whenever I hit the play key, even with Spotify open in a tab. Not once did I ever want to open Music.
by amelius | 2025-11-23 19:17:29+00:00
Yes, many companies even start with hobbyist tools. IBM proves that going all B2B is not a good idea.

The other end of the problem is Apple which is a consumer company, but they prohibit companies to use their hardware for building new things.

Both approaches suck for consumers and/or startups, but Apple's approach at least works for them from a business perspective.
by andersonpico | 2025-11-23 19:17:42+00:00
I don't think gaming is really bigger than windows. Gaming revenue is 23B in 2025 and Windows+Devices is 17B, so just in this metrics they're already close; but you have to factor how much of their 120B Office+Productivity line on their annual report only exist because people use Windows. If you take LinkedIn and Dynamics out of the equation you get approximately 100B in Office, Teams, SharePoint and stuff like that and people only use these product at scale because they're on Windows.
by Esophagus4 | 2025-11-23 19:17:45+00:00
I don’t have a problem with a company calling themselves an AI company if they use OpenAI behind the scenes.

The thing that annoys me is when clearly non-AI companies try to brand themselves as AI: like how Long Island Iced Tea tried to brand themselves as a blockchain company or WeWork tried to brand themselves as a tech company.

If we’re complaining about AI startups not building their own in house LLMs, that really just seems like people who are not in the arena criticizing those who are.
by BrandoElFollito | 2025-11-23 19:17:51+00:00
Yes, in the case of WW2 this is a "defense" war. But the next ones were not.

My comment was general - I am French and we send our army mostly to Africa to secure our sources of various minerals. Or to Asia in the 70s. We did not go to Iraq but that would have been another fight for oil (this time).

Western countries have not been attacked since WW2, but it also have been busy (same as the US)
Show HN: Tab Freezer – Saved 3.1GB swap with 84 tabs open
by tech_builder_42 | 2025-11-23 19:17:56+00:00
Hey HN,

At 58, I'm finally leaving corporate to build what I should have built years ago. First project: solving my own terrible habit.

PROBLEM: Chronic tab hoarder. 100+ tabs open constantly. MacBook drowning - 7.2GB RAM, 6.3GB swap thrashing, fans screaming like jet engines.

SOLUTION: Tab Freezer "freezes" inactive tabs using chrome.tabs.discard() API. Tabs stay in tab bar but stop consuming resources.

REAL TEST RESULTS (84 tabs): • Before: 7.2GB RAM, 6.3GB swap • After freezing: 6.6GB RAM, 3.2GB swap • Total saved: 3.1GB swap

The surprise: I closed all 84 tabs to compare - got almost identical numbers to the frozen state.

Frozen tabs ≈ closed tabs, except you keep your workflow.

KEY INSIGHT: Swap reduction matters more than RAM for most people. If you're still on HDD (many are), 3GB less swap = massive performance difference. Even with SSD: better battery, less disk wear.

FEATURES: • Auto-suspend after X minutes inactivity • Whitelist for sites that should never freeze • Works on Chrome/Edge/Firefox • No tracking, all local

TECH: Simple browser API usage - chrome.tabs.discard() does the heavy lifting. No AI, no blockchain, just solid browser APIs doing what they're meant to do.

€9.99 one-time (early bird for 2 weeks).

Chrome: https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/tab-freezer/ajocdmn... Edge: https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/tab-freeze... Firefox: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/tab-freezer-p...

Feedback welcome - especially on whitelist UX.

Fellow tab hoarders, be honest: how many tabs do you have open right now?
by johnisgood | 2025-11-23 19:18:32+00:00
Well, OpenSSH has a built-in key revocation mechanism (KRL which is just SSH revocation), and there are SSH certificates (with a CA) and certificate revocation, and there is ad-hoc "revocation" by removing keys from the "authorized_keys" file.

If you use your GPG key for SSH, the servers that have your public key do not automatically know that your GPG key was revoked, and SSH authentication will proceed unless you remove the public key from the server OR the server uses an SSH CA/KRL model.

All in all, SSH supports real revocation, but it must be enforced by the server. It is different from GPG where revocation follows the key, not the server.

I have not used KRL myself, but I sort of know how it works. You can generate a new empty KRL, then add keys to revoke, and then to distribute the KRL to servers by configuring OpenSSH to use the KRL file, by adding "RevokedKeys /etc/ssh/revoked_keys.krl" to "/etc/ssh/sshd_config".

The pros of KRL is that they scale better than manual removal for multiple servers, and you can revoke entire CA ranges instead of individual keys if using SSH certificates which is recommended for large setups.

I hope I could clear some things up. Let me know if you have any questions though!
by yunwal | 2025-11-23 19:18:34+00:00
I don't see how this is a step down from existing web applications. Should companies building web applications not be opinionated about their user interfaces? When I look at Notion, I should just get any view of the data inside it, regardless of whether it's the same view as my coworker gets? How is this preferable?

> Having a system agent that can interact with apps via API without being connected to the app is the pattern that's both elegant and preserves freedom

Does this prevent anyone from doing that?
by rjh29 | 2025-11-23 19:18:56+00:00
They're completely different languages, Javascript is dynamically typed, not sure how useful such a comparison is. TS's type system evolved out of a desire to encode the type relations of JS functions, often native ones, which are very dynamic and polymorphic. When writing application code you can keep things simple, but trying to represent all the ways types can change for the native libraries is harder.
by Atiscant | 2025-11-23 19:19:04+00:00
Sure you can work around it most of the time, but some times you cant. The whole point is that isomorphic is not equality in set theory, and sometimes proofs does not transfer along isomorphism because they refer to implementations. I agree that it is much preferable to work with abstract structure, but that not always what happens in practice. The natural number example is contrived but easy to see. My point of view is also that I do not like the Lean approach. It would actually like no junk theorems to exist in my theory. I am much more partial to the univalent approach and in particular univalent implementation that compute e.g. cubical. Regarding how easy it is to formalize, you are right. Lots of good work happens with set theory based type theory. My point was also that set theoretic foundations themselves are very hard to formalize, e.g ZFC + logic is very difficult to work from. A pure type theoretical foundations is much easier to get of the ground from. To prove that plus commutes directly from ZFC is a nightmare.
by alwillis | 2025-11-23 19:19:10+00:00
> Actual HDR needs at least 10 bits per channel and a modern display with peak brightness far in excess of traditional monitors. Ideally over 1,000 nits compared to typical LCD brightness of about 200.

In the Apple Silicon era, the MacBook Pro has a 1,000 nit display, with peak brightness at 1,600 nits when displaying HDR content.

Affinity Studio [1] also supports editing and exporting "true" HDR images.

[1]: https://www.affinity.studio
Seeking Founding Engineer (CTO Track) – Secure Digital Communications – UK Only
by ProductMngrUK | 2025-11-23 19:19:50+00:00
I’m building a secure digital communications/payments platform, with UK Government as the initial user group. Problem validation, GTM plan, and early mock-ups are complete. Pre-seed round is now in progress, and I’m looking for a Founding Engineer who would join once funding closes.

What I’m looking for:

* Senior full-stack engineer (TypeScript / React / AWS / .NET preferred, but flexible) * UK-based with Right to Work & SC-clearable * Strong interest in govtech, fintech, security, identity, or large-scale comms systems * Familiarity with government environments or ISO27001 is a bonus * Prior public-sector experience would be ideal

Role:

* Salary: £35k–£55k (pre-seed) * Equity: meaningful founding allocation * Join as the technical lead / founding engineer after funding completes

If this sounds like a good fit, DM me or email: radial-laurel-game@duck.com (masked for privacy)

Please attach a CV or portfolio. I’ll reach out if the profile is a good match.
by jerrythegerbil | 2025-11-23 19:20:08+00:00
As a (previous) customer of Proton from many years and a user of their drive product, you should be aware that earlier this year the drive API endpoints began to block their own VPN egress quite often for rate limiting. They also block many cloud provider’s egress. They also don’t officially support rclone, and their changing API spec often breaks the compatibility.

I saw the writing on the wall and migrated rapidly earlier this year ahead of crypto product launches ahead of the email fiasco. It was hard to get data back out, even then.

Proton still stands for privacy. But the dark patterns for lock-in I can do without.

Hetzner Storage boxes with rclone and the “crypt” option are a drop-in replacement, at ~$40 for 20TB. That’s where I went instead.
by Lerc | 2025-11-23 19:20:17+00:00
Interestingly the post is climbing it's way back to zero.

I find the downvote without counterargument to be an odd response to a good faith post. It seems like it would strengthen the argument if the message they send is "I don't have a counter to this but I don't like it and I don't like that others will see this point of view"

I have come to realise that I have a much higher threshold when it comes to upvoting, downvoting, or rating things. It seems like a lot of people freely upvote, like, heart, or downvote without a care. We live in a world where a 4.8 star rating (comprised entirely of an aggregate of zero and five star ratings) is considered a concern. So I try not to be bothered by it, but I'm pretty sure subconsciously a downvote hurts more than someone saying "I disagree"
by pixl97 | 2025-11-23 19:20:27+00:00
>All it takes is for your city to start a build out of a fiber ISP.

So, I worked for Cox in the late 90s - early 2000s where in many Louisiana cities we had dial up return cable modems. Yea, these things sucked as bad as you would expect. The city pleaded with Cox to upgrade to a 2 way cable system offering incentives and low interest bonds, etc. Anything to get better internet. We wouldn't budge.

So, the city started a municipal fiber push. In 24 hours the company released 2 million dollars in funds to.... no, not upgrade and work on infrastructure. For advertising against 'city socialism' and political donations.
by oktwtf | 2025-11-23 19:20:40+00:00
Typography nerds are some of my favourite nerds.

Font specimen pages are so often screaming with design language and intention, they push and prod to evoke and present.

Maybe the secret has something to do with the lack of priority to the actual content; just present the font gosh-darn!

Looks nicely executed within the confines of the inspiration. very cool
by bikotreats | 2025-11-23 19:21:15+00:00
"Apple has all but zero presence in BigCorp outside of social media and creative teams"

Bad take. Apple has a strong presence within the tech and digital agency world. At every company i've worked for (3 tech companies, 1 digital agency), the Macbook is the default issued workstation unless you formally request a Windows laptop.

Some roles, like finance, tax, 3D design, favor Windows but that is generally because certain software they depend on only exists in the Windows world.

Microsoft totally dominates non-tech companies though.
by kllrnohj | 2025-11-23 19:21:42+00:00
I believe he's saying that a large number of the startups he tested did not have their own backend to mediate. It was literally direct front-end calls to openai. And if this sounds insane, remember that openai actually supports this: https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/realtime-sess...

Presumably OpenAI didn't add that for fun, either, so there must be non-zero demand for it.
by verdverm | 2025-11-23 19:22:10+00:00
Another example of how bad product managers have become at Google. They have no idea what to do with this stuff so they shove it everywhere, most places are terrible.

These suggested AI actions are the worst. They have no idea what I'm doing or trying to accomplish before I have pressed a key, yet they now take up over 50% of the visible space

See also what they've done in GCloud (massive try out this AI feature on landing and 2/3 of the search drop-down)
by morkalork | 2025-11-23 19:22:11+00:00
But did it work? This is the sticking point with me now. I've seen slides, architecture diagrams, job descriptions, roadmaps and other docs now from about a dozen different companies doing AI Agent projects. And while it's completely feasible to build the systems they're describing, what I have not seen yet is evidence of any of them working.

When you press them on this, they have all sorts of ideas like a judge LLM that takes the outputs, comes up with modified SOPs and feeds those into the prompts of the mixture-of-experts LLMs. But I don't think that works, I've tried closing that loop and all I got was LLMs flailing around.