MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by Typexex | 2025-11-10 15:32:06+00:00
Hello, everyone. I have created my first encryption, which utilizes CRYSTALS-Kyber768 KEM, NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography standard, PBKDF2 with 300,000 iterations, and so on. I would like to know what I should correct in my GitHub repository, what bugs there are, and so on.

Thank you
by stego-tech | 2025-11-10 15:32:32+00:00
Multiple things can be true simultaneously. For instance:

* The reach for 6GHz by mobile service providers is straight-up greed, as Wi-Fi is a threat to their business expansions towards monopolization

* Wi-Fi is incredibly overcrowded, and a shift to 6GHz will not solve the underlying issues causing the crowding in the first place (mobile device density, over-reliance on Wi-Fi instead of running ethernet to capable devices and drop points)

* ISPs would prefer mobile service providers get 6GHz so they can get higher speeds to fixed receivers without the requisite network buildout

My personal position? Give 6GHz to Wi-Fi, but also make it clear that this is the last spectrum the standard will get. Simultaneously, promote (through regulations, subsidies, or municipal buildouts) wired networking wherever practicable. The fact new construction in 2025 doesn’t mandate ethernet drops in every non-bathroom is what’s contributing to Wi-Fi crowding, and prevalent last-mile wired access ensures that mobile operators have to compete on cost rather than data caps - and thus hinders their monopolization efforts.
by nickpinkston | 2025-11-10 15:32:50+00:00
Lee is so cool and humble.

In my mid 20s, I ran the SF Hardware Meetup, and Lee came and just told me something like: "Oh yea, I've been into hardware for a long time.", and only later did I realize who he was haha.

Like others here, I was concerned seeing his name trending here, and I'm so glad he's still alive.

Lee represents the best of mentalities of the tech scene, and I hope we can get back to a more pro-social place and away from this profit-first bubble shit.
by subscribed | 2025-11-10 15:33:57+00:00
Respectfully, in context of my claim (that this is upselling attempt), your answer is untrue.

"You need an active subscription in order to provision an API key".

This is minimum $4.50 pm. Of course it's not a lot but let's not move the goalposts by discussing whether it's a fair price or not.

I don't want to say it's a lie, because I assume you didn't know.

API is a paid service, not free.

Separately, if I open the dashboard link while being logged out, the Web page promises:

"viewing stealer log entries that captured your email address"

Needless to say, this is also false (maybe true with a paid subscription?). If I click on the Stealer Logs in the dashboard it only shows "discord.com" (old account I used with this email was deleted years ago), and nothing else. Even though Breaches suggests there's something else.

This is not "logs" by any stretch of imagination.
by skissane | 2025-11-10 15:34:18+00:00
> So, if you're wondering what he means by "English Common Law", let me answer your confusion with another question: why doesn't Japan have Fair Use?

“Fair Use” isn’t “English Common Law”, it is an American doctrine; most other common law jurisdictions - including England (and the rest of the UK), Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa - have the narrower fair dealing doctrine instead.

According to Wikipedia [0] the main countries other than the US with fair use are Malaysia, Poland and South Korea. Singapore has recently adopted a hybrid model combining elements of both fair use and fair dealing.

> Well, the answer's simple: they can't, because judges aren't allowed to legislate from the bench over there. In civil law countries, the law is the law, full stop; judges can't add onto it in any meaningful way.

This is nonsensical. Most common law countries don’t have fair use, they have the narrower fair dealing doctrine instead; but some civil law jurisdictions do have fair use, such as Poland and South Korea. Common vs civil law has no real bearing on fair use vs fair dealing vs neither - it is a policy choice legislators make when enacting statutory copyright law.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_dealing#/media/File%3AFai...
by dijit | 2025-11-10 15:34:23+00:00
The highest value thing you can do in this life is produce food.

The second highest value thing you can do is produce machines that help produce food (or other raw materials).

The least value thing you can do is the services that are needed to support the production of machines that produce food.

This is an uncomfortable thing to read for someone (such as myself) working in tech, in fact that's where the "sectors" comes from.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_sector

The goal of each sector is to make the previous sectors more productive, and so they're squeezed to become commodity.

We therefore intentionally incentivise de-valuing the things that bring us value as a civilisation, and over-valuing the things that don't.
by inemesitaffia | 2025-11-10 15:34:25+00:00
I can tell it's you that down voted me.

Agents can enter buildings without warrants under limited circumstances. It's not a hard bar.

Ordinarily when any crime is in plain view or in chase of a fleeing suspect, or (dubiously) when the individual is believed to be part of a proscribed organisation.

Administrative warrants are okay when there's a specific record of an individual being there. Like if the website for the organisation posts the person as being an employee amongst other reasons.

Regardless, none of these bar the deportation of people caught up.

Horrifying is just your opinion. What's fact is all these are just objections to deportation of people not supposed to be in the country.

They can file their civil rights claims
by theblazehen | 2025-11-10 15:34:52+00:00
Location: South Africa Remote: Yes Willing to relocate: No Technologies: Python, Kubernetes, general devops-y stuff. My strength isn't in the particular tech I know, but how quickly I can learn new tech. CV: https://drive.blazelight.dev/s/R5FifJNcS9cwM3x Email: In CV

Currently working as a Senior DevOps Engineer / somewhat of a generalist.

I've been very interested in the LLM space for a long time, and I'm looking to make a move to a position where I work more as a generalist, and work on some cool LLM / agentic projects.

In the LLM space I'm currently working on a general "What's the best chat app you can make if you don't care how much you spend on inference", and I'm hoping to find a company that's doing something vaguely along those lines.

My preference is for small companies (<10 people)
by simoncion | 2025-11-10 15:34:55+00:00
By "a VLAN permanently available" do you mean something like "all frames traversing the switch got a VLAN tag (whose ID was hard-coded) slapped onto them"?

If not, I'm not sure what you mean, as a cheapass dumbswitch always allows access to everything going through a switch. It's been my experience that any dumbswitch that can handle jumbo frames will fail to act on VLAN-tagged frames and just pass them through unmolested. (Ones that cannot handle jumbo frames might drop "large" VLAN-tagged frames on the floor.)
by CamouflagedKiwi | 2025-11-10 15:35:13+00:00
It seems likely to me that it is about the 'cost' - not literally monetary cost but one or two engineers periodically have to wrangle libxslt for Chrome and they think it's a pain in the ass and not widely used, and are now responding by saying "What if I didn't have to deal with this any more".

I'm not sure what else it would be about - I don't see why they would especially care about removing XSLT support if cost isn't a factor.
by absmj | 2025-11-10 15:35:17+00:00
Imagine you’re with me — but this time, we’re prisoners. There’s only one way to survive: complete every task given to you.

Through this metaphorical installation, you’ll be able to study or work with full focus and discipline. In the silent room, it’s just you, your thoughts, and your mission to stay in control.

This method is called the #pomodoro technique — 25 minutes of focus, 5 minutes of rest. Simple, yet powerfully effective.
by fragmede | 2025-11-10 15:35:19+00:00
> It's no different than sitting

I'm curious, do supermarket cashiers where you live stand or sit? Why/why not?

The job of pick items up from a belt, finding the barcode, moving that across the scanner until there's a beep, and then putting it on the "out" belt, really does not require the employee to be standing for it.

So why then, are they standing? Because merely sitting looks lazy and unprofessional? Sure if it's a 20 year old they have the energy, but if the employee is 64 about to retire? Making them stand for an entire 8 hour shift, I mean, that's how it is, but it doesn't seem cruel to you when the job doesn't require it and isn't affected by giving the 64 year old employee a stool to sit on until she retires?
by craftkiller | 2025-11-10 15:36:08+00:00
There is significantly more spectrum available for wifi in the 6ghz band than in the 5ghz band, so even if we moved everything off of 5ghz and ignored the attenuation benefits of 6ghz, we'd still have significantly less congestion on 6ghz than 5ghz wifi. In my apartment, my laptop can see ~50 wifi networks, we need some spectrum elbow-room to spread that out.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WLAN_channels
by phantasmish | 2025-11-10 15:38:26+00:00
Antitrust needs to make a comeback in general. I've been seeing meme-graphics about consolidation in various industries (like how most of the stuff on the shelves in grocery stores comes from like a half-dozen companies, even if there are 20 "brands" on the shelf making the market look healthier than it is, 18 of those 20 will actually be owned by those very-few companies; ditto media, telecom, et c.) my entire life.

Why did everything consolidate terribly in the '80s and '90s? Because we basically stopped enforcing antitrust in the '70s, due to Chicago School jackasses influencing policy and jurisprudence.

We need to undo their fake-pro-markets horse-shit and get back to having robust markets in every sector, not just software (but yes, certainly in software too). That'll require a spree of breaking up big companies across the economy.
by crote | 2025-11-10 15:38:51+00:00
A lot of this is a chicken-and-egg problem.

For example, lower-frequency bands have longer reach, but lower bandwidth. Because everyone has 2G support, it makes sense to put 2G on the lower frequencies as fallback, with 3G/4G/5G on higher frequencies as optional bandwidth booster. But this also means 5G reliability is being limited by its frequency! You could have better 5G - if it could use the frequency currently occupied by 2G...

It also doesn't help that 2G and 3G aren't forward-compatible. They require their own dedicated frequency, so you need to sacrifice a lot of potential bandwidth for a small number of low-data devices. 4G and beyond can play nice with future tech: a single base station using a single frequency can handle both 4G and 5G connections at once - it'll dynamically allocate the air time as needed.

About the elderly: my 95-year-old grandma uses a tablet for video calls and a big-button 4G-capable feature phone. My 85-year-old other grandma has fully embraced her smartphone. Turns out they really like seeing pictures of their great-grandkids! Give them a reason to switch and they will adopt it - they both ditched their land lines.

Same with elevators and stuff: schedule a kill date 5 years into the future and they'll be replaced by 4G-capable units instead of ancient slightly-cheaper 2G-only ones when their warranty inevitably expires.
by nyrikki | 2025-11-10 15:39:08+00:00
Decimal128 has exact rounding of decimal rules and preserves trailing zeros.

I don’t think Decimal64 has the same features, but it has been a while.

But unless you hit the limits of 34 decimal digits of significand, Decimal128 will work for anything you would use fixed point for, but much faster if you have hardware support like on the IBM cpus or some of the sparc cpus from Japan.

OPAP Agg functions as an example are an application.
by joshuakcockrell | 2025-11-10 15:39:47+00:00
I'm building Envelope — a banking product purpose-built for envelope-style budgeting.

Most “budgeting banks” (Ally Buckets, Wells Fargo Budget Watch, etc.) bolt budgeting on after the fact. Envelope was designed from day one as an integrated budgeting bank account. The checking, savings, and debit cards are all built around real-time envelope balances.

Each envelope acts like a dedicated account with its own balance and optional virtual card. Spending directly from an envelope means your budget is always accurate — no syncing, no spreadsheets, no “catch-up” categorization. Everything runs on-ledger with automatic spend-locking and instant visibility.

We’re a small YC-backed team (former Robinhood and Apple Card team members) focused on rebuilding personal finance from the ground up to be simple, and transparent https://envelopebudgeting.com
by Edman274 | 2025-11-10 15:40:13+00:00
If a laptop costs 1000 dollars to buy, it couldn't have used more than 1000 dollars worth of hydrocarbons to create, unless firms are operating at a loss, right? Yes, the laptop required mining lithium, mining steel, turning hydrocarbons into plastics, growing silicon crystals, photolithography for the chips, running the conveyor belts for the assembly lines, etc and all those things required electricity and the electricity was mostly provided by fossil fuels, but the total amount of fossil fuels used (when considering price) couldn't have exceeded the cost of the laptop, because that would mean that some firms are spending more on fuel than they're receiving in profit, and such firms in the general case don't survive long. So if you take the cost of the laptop and then convert that to the mix of hydrocarbons used for energy at the time of the product's manufacture, that gives you an absolute upper bound of how much embodied carbon that thing must represent. It also gives you a lower bound of how efficient something has to be before you've paid for the old thing being thrown out and the new thing being manufactured.

So consider this: you have a desktop from 2010, it cost 1000 dollars, and operated at 150 watts. You consider getting a laptop today for 500 dollars, and it would have twice the nominal performance and operates at 50 watts. The total amount of embodied carbon for both of those devices has to be less than $1,500 worth of carbon dioxide produced by hydrocarbons. It can't be higher than that. Then you consider the running cost of 150 watts per hour vs 50 watts per hour. Well, back in 2010, 1000 (2010) dollars could buy you about 6000 to 9000 kilowatt hours worth of electricity when adjusting for conversion rates and electricity cost in China. Today, 500 dollars can buy about 3500 to 6500 kilowatt hours depending on whether you're buying in the US or China. So in order for the embodied carbon to be paid off for the laptop vs the desktop, let's take 7500 kilowatts for the desktop (a fair midpoint) plus 5000 kilowatts for the laptop, and then divide that by the running difference in power of the two systems: 100 watts. So if you plan on operating the laptop continuously for 13 years, the carbon savings from the efficiency gain of the new device would offset any possible carbon generated from the old device. But the laptop is twice as powerful, and what I gave was an absolute upper bound, and cannot be taken as a good ballpark estimate for how much carbon was actually produced. In the example that I gave, there was a 15-year age difference between the old system and the new system. Depending on how the devices were used, it's reasonable to assume that the right time to have replaced the desktop was back in 2023. Depending on how you use your device, it may never end up paying itself off before using less carbon than the older device. Waste is possible. But if the new device is on longer than 125,000 hours, it will have. It's just a sanity check, but it's good to have an upper bound.
by craftkiller | 2025-11-10 15:40:56+00:00
I count approximately twice as many channels available on 6ghz than 5ghz, so even if we ignore the penetration differences between 5 and 6ghz, the 6ghz band is still better. Plus this isn't a "pick one" type of scenario (especially with MLO), 5ghz + 6ghz is 3x as many channels as 5ghz alone.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_WLAN_channels
by alephnerd | 2025-11-10 15:41:04+00:00
Then you're making the same mistake that Americans are increasingly making as well.

If you aren't top tier talent (Google, Citadel, Bloomberg, or sexy FinTech startup equivalent) we can get by offering £50k-£90k TC for 10-12 YoE in London. This is reflected in the annual TC distribution on levels.fyi [0] - London TC distributions are severely right skewed.

For top talent we are fine matching US salaries 1:1, but most of those roles are basically for people who worked in the US but faced visa issues.

The thing is, most American companies aren't interested in hiring "real talent" at scale in the UK because the salary ends up becoming the same as the US but the pool of candidates is shallower - especially when I can hop over to CEE and open an office in Warsaw, Cluj, or Prague and get significantly higher quality talent at the £50k-£80k range.

[0] - https://www.levels.fyi/t/software-engineer/locations/london-...
by toomuchtodo | 2025-11-10 15:41:18+00:00
Potential citation:

The True Cost of China's Falling Prices - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45876691 - November 2025

It appears that there is simply never going to be enough domestic demand for supply capacity, and China needs to lean into its export play where ever possible to the global market to soak up domestic production capacity until natural decline due to structural demographics.

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/americas-self-d...

> In 1995, China accounted for less than five percent of global manufacturing output. By 2010, that number had jumped to around a quarter, and today it stands at nearly a third.
by styanax | 2025-11-10 15:41:23+00:00
Interestingly, I get 3 different source IPs, BUT! The one from Quad9 is IPv6 and the ones from 8.8/1.1 are IPv4. Google returns an extra TXT record as well with "edns0-client-subnet 172.56.95.0/24". I'm not a DNS pro, so not sure what to make of it.

As 9.9 returned an IPv6, I tested with AAAA records just now - 1.1/8.8 respond with 4x IPs, 9.9 only 1x so it mirrors the A records in spirit.
by friendzis | 2025-11-10 15:42:24+00:00
> It messes with the semantics of "return" statement.

Yes, that's what exceptions and their handling handling does - it messes with control flow.

> The conventional intuition is that right after a "return" statement completes, the current method's invocation ends and the control returns to the caller.

It is part of similar conventional thinking that "a method call must return back to the caller on termination", which is not even applicable to Java and other languages with conventional exceptions.

> Thanks for a needless corner-case complication, I guess.

But what is the alternative otherwise? Not execute finally block if try block exits normally? Execute finally block, but ignore control flow statements? What if code in finally block throws? I maintain that execution of finally block, including control flow statements within, normally is the only sane behavior.
by hamdingers | 2025-11-10 15:42:53+00:00
Everyone else is telling you to go update musicbrainz, and that's a sensible course of action for the first two bullets, but the much easier path is to import all these files with whatever metadata they have.

There is no canonical metadata for a fan recording of a concert or DIY CD-R, so you lose out on nothing by importing the files as they are today.

Once you're over the hump of the first import, beets is a fabulous tool for ingesting new music. It's well worth it.
by elayabharath | 2025-11-10 15:43:26+00:00
UI exploration for interacting with LLMs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldJTjwhqKy4

Currently popular AI chat interfaces feel restrictive when exploring or learning complex concepts/ideas. I often want to revisit earlier parts of a conversation, ask branching follow up questions, connect related concepts, compare and contrast between various chain of thoughts. This UI exploration aims to solve some of these limitations.
by WD-42 | 2025-11-10 15:44:14+00:00
I'm building a Jellyfin client focused on music using Rust + GTK:

https://github.com/Fingel/gelly

I've been enjoying rebuilding my music collection from both old hard drives and ripping old CDs. Jellyfin is great but I wanted a native application focused on music, not video. Thus Gelly. It's been really fun to work on.
by cachius | 2025-11-10 15:44:19+00:00
> set your default language without Google account

You can: https://www.google.com/preferences?lang=1

Conveniently this URL supports th hl param https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results... It explicitly sets the language, so in case you switched to a language you don't understand, visit this English link: https://www.google.com/preferences?lang=1&hl=en Ofc you can also delete cookies.

Interestingly not all available languages change the UI, e.g. 'Èdè Yorùbá (jorubera)' does nothing. The dropdown has 144 options, but the official interface language list only 74: https://developers.google.com/custom-search/docs/xml_results...
by crote | 2025-11-10 15:44:36+00:00
Interestingly, my country turned off 3G before 2G.

I think the reasoning was that the heavy data 3G users had already upgraded to 4G and beyond, and low data 3G users could fall back to 2G, so retiring 3G would have negligible impact - while opening up a lot of bandwidth for 4G and 5G.

On the other hand, there were plenty of 2G-only low data users around, so retiring that early would break stuff for a lot of people. Keeping it around longer gave people more time to upgrade.
by HEmanZ | 2025-11-10 15:44:43+00:00
Relax downvoters, I write it pretty tongue-in-cheek understanding full well the scope of “real” political ideas, and think reasonable people can be all over the political spectrum.

This is quote seared into my head because my father says anything that disagrees with his conspiracies, it is a liberal bias. If I say “ivermectin doesn’t cure cancer”, that’s my liberal bias. “Climate change is not a hoax by the you-know-who’s to control the world” == liberal bias. “Bigfoot only exists in our imagination”… liberal bias (I’m not joking on any of these whatsoever).

So I’ve been saying this in my head and out loud to him for a looooong time.