MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by thaumasiotes | 2025-11-30 05:04:24+00:00
> Kings made sense at the time, and were great, not because they were strong, admirable, and morally good individuals, they were great because they owned all the land

That depends on the society. The king in Achaemenid Persia owned all the land. His successors the Seleucid Greek kings didn't. A medieval European king didn't even come close.

I read something to the effect that (in one very early Mesopotamian city) the king owned about 1/3 of the land, another ~1/3 was owned by large landholders who numbered maybe a couple dozen (this group included the queen), and the final ~1/3 was owned by a very large number of small landholders.
by seanmcdirmid | 2025-11-30 05:05:37+00:00
You keep saying this but have you used an LLM for coding before? You just don’t vibe code up some generated code (well, you can, but it will suck). You are asking it to iterate on code and multiple artifacts at the same time (like tests) in many steps, and you are providing feedback, getting feedback, providing clarifications, checking small chunks of work (because you didn’t just have it do everything at once), etc. You just aren’t executing “vibecode -d [do the thing]” like you would with a traditional shoot once code generator.

It isn’t deterministic like a real programmer isn’t deterministic, and that’s why iteration is necessary.
by spankalee | 2025-11-30 05:06:17+00:00
> When America was truly at the top of the world in the 1950s and 1960s

You mean when so much of the rest of the world was poorly educated either not very industrialized yet or had their industrial base destroyed by the war? Easy for the US to be "on top" then.

But I much prefer the better educated America that came after that, even if wasn't as "at the top of the world" - though I'm really not sure who else you could be referring to that could be more on top.
by dpifke | 2025-11-30 05:06:18+00:00
If you're in the U.S., you might check if your local fire department has a CERT[0] training course. (I did it many years ago in San Francisco; they call it NERT for some reason.)

It'll give you a chance to practice putting out an actual fire, refresh first aid skills, learn the incident command system, learn basic search and rescue, and other preparedness skills to help yourself, your family, and neighbors in an emergency (in that order).

[0]: https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/individuals-communit...
by raw_anon_1111 | 2025-11-30 05:06:56+00:00
Is this some type of founders myth?

Musk left Canada at 17, went to college in the US and sold is first business in 1999.

But I also worked at low minimum wage job at 18 at Radio Shack while living at home with my parents driving the car my parents bought me. I assure you if I have lost my job, it wouldn’t have hurt. I would just spend more time hanging out with my friends and on my $4K Mac setup.

Musk was not going to be homeless if he failed.
by WalterBright | 2025-11-30 05:07:17+00:00
> his mom being on the same board as IBM's CEO

When IBM came knocking, Bill Gates referred them to Gary Kildall. Kildall (for whatever reason) muffed the deal, and Gates didn't pass on that opportunity again. Gary had the opportunity, and came from a middle class company. He invested in his company with his own resources.
by aw1621107 | 2025-11-30 05:07:34+00:00
I believe there were some changes in the November C++ committee meeting that (ostensibly) alleviates the some of the contracts/hardening issues. In particular:

- P3878 [0] was adopted, so the standard now forbids "observe" semantics for hardened precondition violations. To be fair, the paper doesn't explicitly say how this change interacts with mixed mode contract semantics, and I'm not familiar enough with what's going on to fill in the gaps myself.

- It appears there is interest in adopting one of the changes proposed in D3911 [1], which introduces a way to mark contracts non-ignorable (example syntax is `pre!()` for non-ignorable vs. the current `pre()` for ignorable). A more concrete proposal will be discussed in the winter meeting, so this particular bit isn't set in stone yet.

[0]: https://isocpp.org/files/papers/P3878R1.html

[1]: https://isocpp.org/files/papers/D3911R0.html
by moltopoco | 2025-11-30 05:10:12+00:00
My understanding is that a lot of the games on Steam are actually executed in some kind of sandbox, but I am sure if that is just for compatibility/emulation reasons, and which directories are still accessible in that case.

I wish there was better documentation for this, because "random indie game demo cannot upload my family photos" would be a great selling point for SteamOS/Bazzite.

As it stands, the Steam flatpak is probably the safest way to play games (which does not work on Bazzite).
by kachapopopow | 2025-11-30 05:10:17+00:00
I actually get higher FPS in graphically demanding games due to vulkan producing more optimized shaders, most of the lag actually comes from context switching and translation for directx, it's absolutely GREAT one dx12 due to how little translation there is.

I'm currently working on few very targeted optimizations for several hotspots I've found out from messing around so it will be interesting if I can solve those horrible stutter issues on cyberpunk since if I can fix it (in a ghetto and janky way), so can valve.

I can also achieve higher fps in games like overwatch (dx12) out of the box on nvidia on proton experimental which is surprising as 4 years ago the input latency was unbearable and I had drops as low as 30 fps, now I can achieve consistent 600 fps with minimums of 450 whereas on windows I get as low as 220fps and averages of 500ish. I do have anticheat related drops to <300fps due to the amount of translation happens when they decide to scan memory, registry and whatnot although it lasts <1s and doesn't happen during games it seems.
by jijji | 2025-11-30 05:10:24+00:00
clippy was a windows based closed source program that didnt have access to the internet. For the people who never grew up on windows, it makes no sense to what you're writing. We were using Linux, and before that *BSD or Solaris/SVR4/Sunos4/AIX/HP-UX/Ultrix/VAX/VMS, etc.
by hc12345 | 2025-11-30 05:10:32+00:00
The intermediary in healthcare makes a significant difference, as, by going through employers and using insurance, the US market is quite fragmented, and there is minimal alignment pushing prices down. The US healthcare provider doesn't get more business by providing a better cost/benefit ratio: It's easier to splurge, and get business via an expensive, comfortable-ish service.

When one then compares US facilities to foreign ones, it's trivially easy to see that many parts of the system just look different, which comes from the perverse incentives of going through employers that aren't big enough to actually push down on providers' prices at all. Both truly private, low insurance systems and universal healthcare systems end up having much better incentives, and therefore lower prices, regardless of who is paying for them.

We get something similar when you compare US universities to those in Continental Europe. It's clear that over there, the finishing school component is so vestigial as to be practically invisible, whole the focus is a filtering mechanism that attempts to teach something. Go look at, say, Spain's universities and see how many open electives are there, or how many university-wide general requirements exist (0). Each degree is basically an independent unit, and chances are you'll never visit a building from a different school. Undeclared majors? Nope. Significant number of students living on campus? Nope. Sports teams, offering scholarships? Nothing of the sort. This also leads to much lower prices to the school itself, regardless of whether it's all paid by taxes or students.
by simoncion | 2025-11-30 05:11:14+00:00
> ...but many have weird bugs like crashing when you Alt-Tab out.

Would it be easy for you to compile a list of like five or ten games that do this? I'm curious to see if I can reproduce this on my Steam-on-xorg-on-Gentoo-Linux machine with an AMD graphics card.

I don't doubt your report, not even a little bit, but -personally- I've found window management on Linux to be light-years better than on Windows. I can put nearly every game I've tried in my huge-ass Steam library on fullscreen on another virtual desktop, flip over to some other desktop (or window) to check something, and flip right back to find the video game still fullscreen and still running happy as a clam. [0] (To say nothing of the total lack of Windows-typical jankiness when changing the screen resolution on an "Exclusive Fullscreen" game.)

Whereas on Windows, it's kinda a crapshoot regarding both what state your desktop will be in when you Alt+Tab out of a fullscreen game and what state that game will be in when you Alt+Tab back. And if that game is "Exclusive Fullscreen" and is not running at your desktop's resolution, all the windows on your secondary monitor are probably going to be rearranged when the game starts, and will definitely be rearranged when you Alt+Tab out and maybe then again when you Alt+Tab back in.

[0] Two very notable exceptions to this are Red Dead Redemption 2 (it notices that its no longer the foreground window and "helpfully" makes itself windowed) and the Linux version of Dead Cells (it "helpfully" minimizes itself when it's no longer the foreground window.).
by gpm | 2025-11-30 05:11:46+00:00
> Well, Rust sort of does, if you're OK with using C ABI (i.e. `unsafe`).

Rust has full blown safe dynamic linking - so long as you use rust, and the the same compiler version, for everything. What it doesn't have is runtime libdl support for that. Which would be a problem for the current pam architecture.

I'm not particularly convinced you couldn't just re-architect pam to use static linking though. Or a scripting language.
by jltsiren | 2025-11-30 05:12:28+00:00
The job training you get at 20 is often obsolete when you're 40. For example, many women of my parents' generation trained for jobs in the textile industry. But eventually the jobs disappeared, as Finland got too wealthy. A bit more abstract education would have made it easier for them to find a new career.

But not too abstract. From my point of view, the weird parts of the American educational system are the high school and the college. Everyone is supposed to choose the academic track. I'm more used to systems with separate academic and vocational tracks in both secondary and tertiary education.
by jswelker | 2025-11-30 05:13:26+00:00
The only entity that has ever cared about my college GPA has been other colleges when I signed up for grad school. And even in that case it is just a "stat check" in gamer parlance. 3.0 or greater, yes. Lower, no. That kind of thing.

Zero employers have ever asked to see my college GPA after graduating almost 17 years ago.
by mamcx | 2025-11-30 05:13:45+00:00
> how to get to decent product without upfront investment

Yeah, this is the hard part.

I work in the small “ERP-like” business market and I’ve come up with some good ideas (based on the reaction of the people I talk to). But the problem is that even a small team of about five genuinely solid developers can cost around US $300,000–500,000 per year — and that’s even factoring in that I’m in LATAM!.

That’s a lot.

To make something like this happen, you need to convince fairly big players — the ones who have the capital and the patience, but more importantly the vision. And that’s the part that’s rare. At least in theory, that’s what VCs are supposed to bring.
by jjmarr | 2025-11-30 05:14:17+00:00
Yes, if only because of the broad patent grant. 3.1.6 is also concerning since it can be read as indemnification?

> Prevent any person from exercising his/her/their right to seek an effective remedy by a competent court or national tribunal (including domestic judicial systems, international courts, arbitration bodies, and other adjudicating bodies) for actions violating the fundamental rights granted to him/her/them by applicable constitutions, applicable laws, or by this License

There's also a clause allowing for specific performance which means, by using the licence for anything at a company, you're opening the risk of a court-appointed special master coming in and taking over your HR systems to enforce compliance.

You also can't terminate the licence to avoid this equitable relief:

> Additional Remedies: Termination of the License by failing to remedy harms in no way prevents Licensor or Supply Chain Impacted Party from seeking appropriate remedies at law or in equity.

It's a fascinating conceptual legal document but completely unusable. I'm not a lawyer but using anything under this licence seems incredibly risky to me.
by pdimitar | 2025-11-30 05:14:48+00:00
I'm very slowly taking an interest in Linux security as I'm starting to disentangle from my Mac and preparing to get a Linux workstation and make it my forever home for personal and work computing. So I'm very new to all this.

My questions are:

- How does this help with malware? I want to craft an environment where any program trying to read f.ex. anything inside ~/.ssh is automatically denied. I don't want a malicious build script to exfiltrate all my sensitive data!

- It seems that this software is well-positioned for us to write application launchers with, is that true? If so, well, I like the idea but it seems too manual.

Maybe I'm looking at the wrong thing. I strongly prefer deny-by-default in an invisible manner i.e. my system to refuse most requests to access this or that. Not opting in to it. Bad actors will not graciously limit their own program with Landlock. They'll try to get anything before I can even blink my eyes.

I feel I'm missing crucially important context. Can somebody help?
by MichaelNolan | 2025-11-30 05:15:39+00:00
> Once Sealand actually started angering people, the Royal Navy showed up and that was that.

What did the royal navy do? There is no mention of the UK using force against sealand in either the Wikipedia page or this BBC article about sealand. (Though obviously the royal navy could retake sealand if they wanted)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Sealand

https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-suffolk-41135081
by Gigachad | 2025-11-30 05:15:59+00:00
I tried out Fedora Silverblue a while ago but found immutable OSs to be too inconvenient for development right now. I don’t think it’s an inherent flaw in the design, just all the dev tools are not set up to work with them.

For normal non dev usage it works great. On my steam deck I just get everything through Flatpak or steam and it just works.
by jchw | 2025-11-30 05:16:06+00:00
Most web application servers have already equipped to be able to easily parse parameters out of the URL path for many years, of course, it's definitely nothing new, it's just that historically, people reached for URL query parameters for this sort of thing. After all, making a request with query parameters is basically built into the browser; you can do it with <form> and anchor links with no JS needed.

Presumably, because of that, many pages will continue to use query parameters for the foreseeable future. I think that's fine, but at least for APIs, the QUERY method could eventually be a very nice thing to have.
by anonzzzies | 2025-11-30 05:16:09+00:00
I went to uni to learn to learn. It helped that it was free, but it was a rigorous education with formal proofs (starting in week 1), proper research, scientific writing etc. Very few people will learn that outside universities, and, while not strictly needed for most jobs, it really helps as a tool to shut 'talkers' up to this day. Socially it was good as well; got my first and second project for my tiny company I set up in uni from the father's of two study mates: the first project was 100k, the second 1.6m (both guilders at time), so there is that; I would have never known these people otherwise.
Show HN: LLM Newsletter Kit – A TypeScript Framework for AI Newsletters
by hongyeon | 2025-11-30 05:16:16+00:00
Hi HN,

I'm releasing LLM Newsletter Kit, a production-tested TypeScript toolkit designed to build AI-driven newsletter pipelines. It handles the full lifecycle: crawling → analysis → generation → delivery.

The Context: I’m an archaeologist-turned-engineer. I built this engine for "Research Radar" (a cultural heritage newsletter) to automate my own manual research aggregation. It currently maintains a 15% CTR with near-zero maintenance, costing ~$0.20-1 per issue.

Core Features:

"Bring Your Own Scraper": Async injection lets you use Cheerio, Puppeteer, or LLM-based parsers without framework lock-in.

Provider-based DI: Swap out crawling, analysis, or storage components via clean interfaces.

Production-First: 100% test coverage, built-in retries, cost controls, and observability baked in.

Tech Stack: TypeScript ESM, LangChain runnables, Vercel AI SDK (structured outputs), and Zod.

Why Code instead of No-Code? To optimize costs and quality, you need granular control over context windows, token limits, and retry strategies. This toolkit allows for advanced workflows (e.g., self-reflection loops) that are often prohibitively expensive or impossible in drag-and-drop tools.

Links:

Code (GitHub): https://github.com/kimhongyeon/heripo-research-radar

Live Example: https://heripo.com/research-radar-newsletter-example.html

npm: @llm-newsletter-kit/core

I'd love your feedback on the architecture and DX!
by cryptonector | 2025-11-30 05:17:00+00:00
I've been thinking about building a graph DB in PG with a DB schema that uses CRDT techniques. Every time I think about it the biggest problem ends up being about unique/primary keys, and then I end up with an idea that looks a lot like an Active Directory as for UNIQUE/PRIMARY KEY keys:

- every object has an ID from a single object ID namespace allocated in large chunks to all the participating servers, and

- first UNIQUE/PRIMARY KEY key creation wins / competing ones get renamed (to "Copy of <original>" or similar) or deleted.

I'm a fan of EAV schema design for graph DBs, so that's what my schema would use, at least for inter-object relations, though maybe also for object attributes (but that's tricky to do in PG since there is no ANY type for columns, even though the JSON and JSONB support essentially gives one an approximation of ANY). Why EAV? Because graph traversal (for transitive closure or reachability closure computations) is very simple to express generically in SQL when using EAV schemas, using a RECURSIVE CTE).

Yeah, so you have to re-implement FOREIGN KEY functionality, but you use the same sort of SQL that the RDBMS would generate internally for FKs, so no problem.

EAV also ends up creating a second layer of schema: for the application whose metaschema you define in the selected RDBMS' language (typically SQL). But then another thing you get trivially out of EAV schemas is class inheritance for your higher-level schema, and, yeah, OOP _is_ bad, but for a graph DB it's actually quite handy and convenient, and it need not bleed into client applications. SQL RDBMSes often don't really do inheritance well -- at least PG doesn't.

It'd be nice to be able to create first-class CRDT types in PG for columns that are not UNIQUE/PRIMARY KEY columns... but IIUC while you can create TYPEs and operators, you can't limit the operators to the type's monoid operators. The CRDTs for the non-key columns would have to be exported to the application schema layer, which is what I'd want anyways. The typical CRDTs for non-key columns would be ones like the one in TFA, especially last-write-wins types.

All of this is by way of answering your question by mentioning PG's first-class TYPEs and operators: CRDTs _can_ be built into the RDBMS, or the RDBMS can let you implement them yourself. But a question I have is: what is the application in the RDBMS context? Is it... the SQL tables and views? The tables, views, triggers, and the rest of the SQL schema? Is it the code that generates SQL statements and sends them to the RDBMS? Is it both those things (schema, clients)? The answer will depend on how much of the business logic you end up implementing in the SQL schema.
by moltopoco | 2025-11-30 05:17:12+00:00
Bazzite is actually two levels of specialization away from Debian. Yes, it supports gaming better than other distros, especially on the current wave of handheld devices, and last I heard 2/3 of its users were using the handheld/HTPC version of Bazzite.

But it is also part of the Universal Blue family, which means that updates are atomic and can be rolled back. SteamOS, GNOME OS, and KDE Linux are all trying the atomic distro thing, but you don't get it out of the box on the mainstream distros (yet).
by raw_anon_1111 | 2025-11-30 05:17:19+00:00
And how many of the thousands of YC companies have disappeared in to obscurity?

How many of these do you think will see a successful exit?

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Uy2aWoeRZopMIaXXxY2E...

And “raising funding” is not a successful business. Having an exit where you as the founder makes an outsized return is.

Another definition is being profitable. Any idiot can sell dollars for $0.95 backed by VC’s hoping to find the “greater fool”
by anonym29 | 2025-11-30 05:17:30+00:00
There is nothing a college can teach you that you cannot learn for free online. The social environment can be replicated for free. You're not paying six figures for an education, you're paying six figures for exactly two things:

1. Someone to write lesson plans for you

2. A piece of paper that tells the world you are capable of conforming with the sometimes-frustrating impositions of an institution for 4 years without making too much of a fuss in the process
by vips7L | 2025-11-30 05:17:31+00:00
They’ve all had 2-3 models in the last decade-ish. So that’s at least 1 time I would have had to have thrown everything away.

I miscounted though, I’ve been running the same OS since Windows 7. Probably 2014. I’ve been able to upgrade without having to throw away my entire operating system. Consoles aren’t a solution for longevity.
by simoncion | 2025-11-30 05:18:21+00:00
> ...drag-and-drop into Electron apps like Discord randomly fails, adding a new widget to the panel and suddenly it’s invisible, notifications appearing floating in the middle of the screen, removing an audio output (like unplugging headphones) seems to cause it to randomly choose an alternative, brightness on my monitor randomly shifts even after turning off DCC, GNOME apps have wonky themes, GNOME apps can’t detect light/dark mode so they just pick one… I could go on.

Hey, you can't possibly be having these problems! You're using a RedHat-derived distro! That means it uses Wayland! And the Wayland people have been telling us all for years that Wayland is good for daily use for everyone, and that it should be the default everywhere!

(Do note that the above is bitter, bitter sarcasm. I'm so, so disappointed by how the Wayland folks tend to use political pressure (rather than plain declarations of both capabilities and shortcomings) to muster up general support for their project.)
by surajrmal | 2025-11-30 05:18:34+00:00
I believe it's actually the opposite. You're supposed to be able to reuse objects that were moved from unless otherwise documented, although it may require reinitializing it explicitly. A moved from vector is valid to reuse. Although the standard doesn't specify what state it will be in, all major standard library implementations return it to the default constructed state which doesn't require an allocation.
by anonym29 | 2025-11-30 05:19:10+00:00
If you can't solve FizzBuzz in half an hour with a language of your choice while being able to look up syntax, your problem isn't that you failed to cram for leetcode, it's that you don't know how to write code.

There's nothing inherently wrong with not being able to write code, but you probably shouldn't be applying for software engineering roles where the main responsibility of the job is ultimately to write working code.