MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by sgerenser | 2025-11-22 14:42:32+00:00
People repeat this line a lot but I don’t think it’s true. Companies like Intel, AMD, Arm, Broadcom, etc. afaik all pay their software folks of equivalent YoE or level roughly the same as their hardware folks. To the extent there’s any difference, it’s much less than 25%.

OTOH, there’s a small slice of (mainly) software companies like Google and Meta, along with Unicorn private companies, that skew the average software engineer salary high. Then there’s a long tail of “old school” hardware companies like TI, Motorola, Atmel, Microchip, and tons of smaller less well known companies that all pay much lower than Google. But they pay their software people poorly as well.

So if you just look at “average software engineer salary” vs “average hardware engineer salary” it appears that SW people are making 50% more than HW people, but it’s not at the same companies.
by mqus | 2025-11-22 14:43:08+00:00
> which is done for IPv4-NAT, and for IPv6 firewalls

Are internet routers that do ipv4 NAT usually also doing an IPv6 firewall (meaning they only let incoming connections in if they are explicitly allowed by some configuration)? Maybe thats the point where the insecurity comes from. A Home NAT cannot work any other way(it fails "safely"), a firewall being absent usually means everything just gets through.
by aeonik | 2025-11-22 14:43:09+00:00
Not the GP, but I often just use commas and parenthetical asides (like this).

It's a different stylistic choice (em dashes are nice and all), but it's not how I think, and my writing reflects how I think.

I also will often use the fabled semicolon. It's easy to use with contrasting statements, but that's not its only use; I can use them in some situations to elaborate where em dashes are used.

I'm not saying they are a perfect replacement for em dashes (again, em dashes are cool), but it's just always been my personal style.
by swiftcoder | 2025-11-22 14:43:28+00:00
I don't think many people are memorising a bunch of wildly different IPv4 addresses either.

At best, I remember the prefix of my private network, and a handful of single-number suffixes of important hosts (i.e. my LAN is 192.168.1.x, and I remember that .100 is my local file server...)
by ghaff | 2025-11-22 14:43:41+00:00
Believe it or not, Blogger still exists and is free. I did some research when I was looking to spin up a blog for professional purposes. I ended up just rolling it into my personal blog though, for various reasons, I haven't done a lot with it yet. Project for the new year.

You can hate on Google all you like but it hasn't been killed by Google yet and has been a long time--and is simple, adequate, and free even if it doesn't handle all the more advanced use cases.
by VorpalWay | 2025-11-22 14:43:59+00:00
That is rather ambitious. I don't know how you prefer CAD, but if you don't like parametric CAD (Fusion, Onshape, FreeCAD, etc), nor sculpting (Blender, and various other artistic things) there is also code based CAD such as OpenSCAD and iirc some others.

For me, parametric CAD is what clicked. I suspect making your own CAD engine is going to be quite a lot of work though, as unlike most 3D modelling for games etc, proper CAD works with mathematically perfect shapes, rather than tesselated approximations. (I believe OpenSCAD doesn't, it tesselates but let's you define the resolution dynamically as the script is executed.)

For 3D prints, this is something that you can live with: the imperfections of the technology will hide the triangles mostly if you use a high enough resolution. But for subtractive CNC, this is a problem: If you mill from metal you will see the imperfections.
by dangus | 2025-11-22 14:45:32+00:00
You’re misunderstanding the value of cloud computing, which should be obvious at this point. But I’ll go ahead and re-explain it for you.

Businesses need to maintain focus and allocate resources toward delivering their core product.

Software is highly profitable and even with inflated cloud computing costs, it makes some level of sense to not over-optimize and spread teams thin reinventing the wheel.

If I can deliver my product or feature to the market 20% faster that’s going to make more money than if I optimize my cloud infrastructure costs to save 50%.

As a business owner I don’t want to have to hire high-paid specialists who understand the deep intricacies of data center infrastructure, I want to be able to pay people with highly common skills who can quickly translate my business logic to working software.
by renevanpelt | 2025-11-22 14:46:11+00:00
Very cool, always great to build projects because you need them yourself.

From the screenshots it seems that there's a "tool" in the list of tools provided to the LLM for command line utilities like `rm`, `mkdir`, `ls` and so forth.

Just a small piece of advice: you might want to look into further. You can also expose the command line as a single tool, and most LLMs will be able to provide pretty good formatted commands. You could still filter invalid or allowed and non-allowed commands out within the tool that's actually being called by the LLM.

Just wanted to share that!
by postalcoder | 2025-11-22 14:46:21+00:00
In totality, yes. But you don't need every feature at once. You add to it once you hit boundaries. But I think the most important thing about this exercise is that you leave nothing to the imagination when building agents.

The non-deterministic nature of LLMs already makes the performance of agents so difficult to interpret. Building agents on top of code that you cannot mentally trace through leads to so much frustration when addressing model underperformance and failure.

It's hard to argue that after the dust settles, companies will default to batteries-included frameworks but, right now, a lot of people i've regretted adopting a large framework off the bat.
Show HN: LastPurchase – Buy it once. Don't think twice
by antux | 2025-11-22 14:46:27+00:00
Hi all, just wanted to share a simple website I made for "BuyItForLife" products. These are high-quality products built to last for decades. You get tired of buying the same cheap, low-quality products over and over only to throw them out and purchase them again. Now you can buy it once without thinking twice.

I built this site because I got tired of spending hours looking for products in multiple places. This is a hub of product categories that most people need. They're all in one place and easy to filter with the navigation at the top. Let me know what you think of the user experience.

Thank you for your attention.
by cassepipe | 2025-11-22 14:46:39+00:00
That's because it mostly doesn't work long term.

Depending on how your brain got wired, self-control condemns you to a life of misery while not being exposed allows you to live a normal life. Of course you cannot ask for societal experience to be tailored just for you but there seem to be a consensus on protecting the most vulnerable people from the most destructive habits. Where to draw the line is for everyone to find agreement upon and if that's not good enough for you, you need to find a safe haven.

Self-control is like a tourniquet on a severed leg, it can buy you time but you need an hospital at some point
by tamnd | 2025-11-22 14:47:30+00:00
I don't think this design in the article works in practice.

A single `events` table falls apart as the system grows, and untyped JSONB data in `event_data` column just moves the mess into code. Event payloads drift, handlers fill with branching logic, and replaying or migrating old events becomes slow and risky. The pattern promises clarity but eventually turns into a pile of conditionals trying to decode years of inconsistent data.

A simpler and more resilient approach is using the database features already built for this. Stored procedures can record both business data and audit records in a controlled way. CDC provides a clean stream for the tables that actually need downstream consumers. And even carefully designed triggers give you consistent invariants and auditability without maintaining a separate projection system that can lag or break.

Event sourcing works when the domain truly centers on events, but for most systems these database driven tools stay cleaner, cheaper, and far more predictable over time.
by 7bit | 2025-11-22 14:47:41+00:00
> Society would have you believe that self hosting a NAT Gateway is “crazy”, “irresponsible” and potentially even “dangerous”.

I just can't take articles seriously when they lead with these kind of claims and then don't back them up. Typically to give their articles some sort of justification and/or weight. Did not bother to read the rest.
by InTheArena | 2025-11-22 14:47:51+00:00
I pre-ordered and picked up a framework desktop with 128GB of DDR5-8000 inside of it. This is the type of system that is the a indirect byproduct of the change towards AI - it may not have been what AM was originally intending with the AI Max 395+ line - but it definitly is the kind of optimized thinking that will drive AI into the hands of consumers.

That's part of the reason I think this boom-bust cycle might be a bit different. Hopefully, Intel can use some of its capacity that they have coming up in the foundry to service this need.
by Workaccount2 | 2025-11-22 14:47:58+00:00
The actual actual problem is energy per acre of land per year.

Solar is king in places like west Texas and Nevada. Massive sunny flat sprawling landscapes where the land is practically free.

It's a different story in places like Massachusetts or New York, where land is expensive and the sun is mildly sunny.

Gas becomes much more competitive because you only need 5 acres instead of 500, and the energy is 24/7.
by ksec | 2025-11-22 14:49:10+00:00
I am so glad both top rated and majority of comments on HN finally understands DRAM industry instead of constant DRAM is a cartel that is why things are expensive.

Also worth mentioning DRAM and NAND's profit from Samsung is what keep the Samsung Foundry fighting TSMC. Especially for those who thinks TSMC is somehow a monopoly.

Another things to point out which is not mentioned yet, China is working on both DRAM and NAND. Both LPDDR5 and Stacked NAND are already in production and waiting for yield and scale. Higher Price will finally be perfect timing for them to join the commodity DRAM and NAND race. Good for consumer I suppose, not so good for a lot of other things which I wont go into.
by StopDisinfo910 | 2025-11-22 14:49:17+00:00
I seem to remember that Sweden applied the WHO recommendations as they were written and didn’t lock down because the damage of locking down is huge and everybody dog pilled on them about how it was stupid.

Turn out their excess mortality was quickly better than the other Nordic countries and their economy and mental health did better if I remember correctly.

People should complain more about the lockdowns. Most of them were extremely poorly implemented and stupidly managed.
by jorvi | 2025-11-22 14:49:44+00:00
Microsoft is pushing hard for UEFI + ACPI support on PC ARM boards. I believe the Snapdragon X2 is supposed to support it.

That still leaves the usual UEFI + ACPI quirks Linux has had to deal with for aeons, but it is much more manageable than (non-firmware) DeviceTree.

The dream of course would be an opensource HAL (which UEFI and ACPI effectively are). I remember that certain Asus laptops had a microstutter due to a non-timed loop doing an insane amount of polling. Someone debugged it with reverse engineering, posted it on GitHub, and it still took Asus more than a year to respond to it and fix it, only after it blew up on social media (including here). With an opensource HAL, the community could have introduced a fix in the HAL overnight.
by cs702 | 2025-11-22 14:49:56+00:00
The OP's author is at the beginning of the path towards understanding that Nash Equilibria are everywhere in the economy. I say this because the OP doesn't realize that's what he's talking about: Nash Equilibria.

A company's strategy, tactics, and individual decisions are always constrained by its competitors, customers, societal laws and norms, etc. For example, if a company faces a competitor that is grabbing market share by offering a cheaper product that is slightly worse, the company may have no choice but to lower the quality of its products so it can compete successfully.
by robertakarobin | 2025-11-22 14:50:36+00:00
I thought we were talking about long-term effects, i.e. ones that persist to and through adulthood? The sources in that Wiki article appear not to address that.

The clinicians I've interacted with have always warned me of the possible side-effects of psychotropic medications, and said they should be notify immediately if the side-effects appear. I believe this is at least standard procedure, if not legally required?

I do have a low libido. Can't say whether or not that's due to Prozac, but regardless it hasn't negatively affected my life, probably because it was low before I met my wife. If someone enters a relationship while their libido is at one level and then during the relationship it changes considerably then I can certainly see how that could be a major challenge. That's an important thing to weigh when evaluating medication.
by lambdaone | 2025-11-22 14:50:44+00:00
The big problem is the Red Queen's Race nature of development in rapidly-evolving software ecosystems, where everyone has to keep pushing versions forward to deal with their dependencies' changes, as well as any actual software developments of their own. Combine that with the poor design decisions found in rapidly-evolving ecosystems, where everyone assumes anyting can be fixed in the next release, and you have a recipe for disaster.
by api | 2025-11-22 14:51:02+00:00
Always assumed I would, but I thought it was that the youngsters would be running circles around me (in this domain) the way I ran circles around the olds when I was a kid.

What happened is that as an Xennial (young genX / old millennial) I know way more about computers than either generation to the side of me. This includes younger devs. I knew way more than them when I was their age. As a teen I was hacking C to get my 386 with Slackware Linux that I installed from floppies online by modding SLIRP to run on the sun3 I had dial up access to so I could pipe serial SLIP through it. Learned all about everything happening under the hood on a network.

I don’t feel self congratulatory about this. I feel depressed. If the kids were all smarter than me it would give me more hope for the future.
by ghaff | 2025-11-22 14:51:19+00:00
I'm not sure I've seen that personally although most of the tech folk I know are at least somewhat older.

In fairness, I do think "side hustles" and the like have become much more normalized as the default. And even if the odds are poor, there are least enough anecdotes of Substack authors, influencers, and the like making enough money to perk many people's interest.
by virtue3 | 2025-11-22 14:51:24+00:00
I think it's difficult to just call things "self control" when there have been entire college majors / studies / casinos dedicated to tricking us into making the choices they want.

Look at the Apple price ladder on ipads. Look at any tactic by a casino - go to Reno and see many retires at the beginning of the month drop their whole social security check in the casino. Look at why they label things $9.99 instead of $10.00 Look at why they put all the overpriced candy at the cash register in a super market. Look at how they create junk food to be "perfect" and addictive source: https://archive.globalpolicy.org/world-hunger/trade-and-food... I have a lot of friends that stopped playing gacha games because they would come home drunk - the game would incentivize you to login - and then blow more money than they truly wanted to.

At some level it's unfair to say we should just "have self control" when you have entire academic institutions and entire industries figuring out how to get you to "crack" and make a bad decision that favors their pocket book.

So yeah - I agree - we need more self control - but it's being purposefully assaulted every second of our day by EVERYTHING.
by willis936 | 2025-11-22 14:51:36+00:00
Zigbee is indeed good enough. The issue is that it solves the problem well enough and doesn't allow for maximizing how much customers are milked for. So customers will always choose Zigbee over any other option that also solves the problem plus some useless features, less control, and increased security surface area.

There is a very clear signal that is easy to pick up: either you support zigbee in your IoT device or you are trying to undermine the customer. No customer wants to be undermined. This should make Zigbee support a very easy choice for companies operating in a competitive space. Simply succeeding in the market should be enough and if it isn't that is the company's existential challenge.
by dangus | 2025-11-22 14:51:41+00:00
I don’t think Apple is catering to developers at all. If that were the case they wouldn’t be charging them $100 a year just to exist. They have the marketshare especially in iOS to force developers on to their platform.

I believe that running Windows games is something that Apple does not care about at all. Their efforts to create the game porting tool kit are 100% about getting more Windows games ported to the macOS App Store.
by ACCount37 | 2025-11-22 14:51:48+00:00
It's not a very promising direction because autoregressive LLMs still deliver better output quality per model weight, as a rule.

Now, is it possible that a model can combine advantages of both? Combine fast generation and multidirectional causality of diffusion with precision, capabilities and generalization of autoregression?

Maybe. This paper is research in that direction. So far, it's not a clear upgrade over autoregressive LLMs.
by wdm0006 | 2025-11-22 14:51:49+00:00
I think the main point of a personal blog is to write consistently about things you think are neat, and allow the world to find it, assess it, and those who also find those things neat will stick around.

What is neat means different things to different people, for some it may be one nice narrow thing, for some it may be an erratic mix of topics tied together by the tiniest of strings. But what makes personal blogs different than marketing blogs for SEO is the wanton disregard for all things not-neat.
by famouswaffles | 2025-11-22 14:51:49+00:00
>LLMs are most definitely (discrete-time) Markov chains in this sense: the variables take their values in the context vectors, and the distribution of the new context window depends only on what was sampled previously context.

When 'what was previously sampled context' can be arbitrarily long and complex and be of arbitrary modality, that's not a markov chain. That's just being funny with words. By that logic, humans are also a markov chain.
by flamesofphx | 2025-11-22 14:52:22+00:00
Honestly, I feel this on a spiritual level — or, well, an infernal one.

My native language is PHP, which, as everyone knows, is the demonically fluent tongue of the Ninth Circle. Down there, variables appear from the void, arrays shift shape without warning, and error messages read like ancient curses. Beautiful stuff.

Recently I tried picking up Rust, which people kept hyping as some kind of angelic, higher-order language… but after using it, I’m convinced it’s just the void teaching itself self-esteem. Every compiler message sounds like: “I’m perfect. You’re the problem.”

So yeah — working in a non-native language is tough. But if I can survive switching between demon-speak and cosmic-void-whispering, you’ll be fine too.
by swiftcoder | 2025-11-22 14:52:37+00:00
> Why doesn’t someone else create a competing app that’s better and thereby steal all their business?

Isn't this just your "information asymmetry" point over again?

The average user has no way to actually compare outcomes between dating apps - at best, they can run a limited A/B test on short term outcomes (do I go on a lot of dates? Do I click with my dates?), or they might have anecdotal evidence from the success/failures of their friends dating on the same apps.
by dangus | 2025-11-22 14:52:53+00:00
I think that documentation essentially demonstrates how Apple wants to put as little resources into it as possible without making users of popular applications mad.

They might even decide that they will be moving that functionality to software and decide to also leverage FEX.

I think that Apple’s overall mentality has traditionally been that they provide enough time for developers to transition applications but that they are not interested in maintaining support for unmaintained apps. That seems to be a very clear pattern of behavior.
by garganzol | 2025-11-22 14:53:33+00:00
I don't think personal blogs have made a comeback. Most modern blogs are ego-boosting camouflage, the same content you'd find on social media. This kind of content isn't intended to disseminate useful information, but rather to hijack your emotions and force you to react in a way you've been told. It's a form of psychic vampirism.

I have fond memories and miss profoundly the innocuous purity of 1994-2005 internet era. Back then, the content was created mostly by enthusiasts, not by attention seekers.
by gus_massa | 2025-11-22 14:53:37+00:00
Clicky: https://www.convertmyresearch.com/

I'm very skeptical, but I'm a Mathematician. No amount of editing would make my thesis readable or interesting for my family. I just lie. There are a few slightly related applied problems like image compression, so I explain one of them and then add "... or something like that". Now I'm working in applications to quantum chemistry, and I just say that we simulate molecules in the computer "... or something like that". I imagine it's possible to make a nice 5 minute video, but there is no way to write a book about those topics my family would enjoy.

> Do Master’s/PhD grads actually want this? Early signs say yes but sample size = 2.

You have N=3 testimonials in the site ... and there is one about selling a lot of copies in Amazon ...

> Should I partner with universities or is that a dead end?

I don't expect universities to be interested. Professors just want to publish papers. The university just want a press release. But if you find professor/TA that is interested and see a good result, it may spread to a few students.

> Any ideas on how to reach people outside humanities?

Perhaps there is a sweet spot in humanities and other topics, that research topic that are very close to applications in the real word. They may even talk to people! Perhaps it's possible to make a friendlier version, at least in some areas. Perhaps I have no idea about research in humanities areas.

You have a testimonial about research in Education, I think it's strange because they really love citations and quotes. Ask them if they like to keep the quotes.