MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by pegasus | 2025-11-03 22:34:30+00:00
> There is currently zero evidence...

Way smarter people than both of us disagree: among them being Roger Penrose, who wrote two books on this very subject.

See also my comment here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45804258

"There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy"
by ShakataGaNai | 2025-11-03 22:34:34+00:00
Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillators (TCXOs) is what they should be looking for. And to be clear you can get SX1262 variants with such, eg: https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/wio_sx1262/

For the detailed run down, see https://cdn.sparkfun.com/assets/f/f/b/4/2/SX1262_AN-Recommen... page 14

> In the case of an SX1262 operating at +22 dBm in the US 902 – 928 MHz band, the frequency drift measured during the maximum LoRAWAN™ packet duration stays below the maximum limit, provided thermal insulation is implemented around the crystal during PCB design.

> At extreme temperatures (below -20 °C and above 70 °C), it is recommended to use a TCXO.

> For any other frequency bands corresponding to longer RF packet transmissions at +22 dBm, it is recommended to use a TCXO.
by iamleppert | 2025-11-03 22:34:42+00:00
If AI were really intelligent and thinking, it ought to be able to be trained on its own output. That's the exact same thing we do. We know that doesn't work.

The obvious answer is the intelligence and structure is located in the data itself. Embeddings and LLMs have given us new tools to manipulate language and are very powerful but should be thought of more as a fancy retrieval system than a real, thinking and introspective intelligence.

Models don't have the ability to train themselves, they can't learn anything new once trained, have no ability of introspection. Most importantly, they don't do anything on their own. They have no wants or desires, and can only do anything meaningful when prompted by a human to do so. It's not like I can spin up an AI and have it figure out what it needs to do on its own or tell me what it wants to do, because it has no wants. The hallmark of intelligence is figuring out what one wants and how to accomplish one's goals without any direction.

Every human and animal that has any kind of intelligence has all the qualities above and more, and removing any of them would cause serious defects in the behavior of that organism. Which makes it preposterous to draw any comparisons when its so obvious that so much is still missing.
by jacobolus | 2025-11-03 22:34:54+00:00
The Inquisition was mostly about mopping up the last few practicing Jews and Muslims in the Iberian peninsula, terrorizing them into conversion and conformity.

Millions of people (on all sides) were killed in the Reconquista, over a few centuries, with many others enslaved, imprisoned, driven out of the peninsula, or forcibly converted. Those who converted to Catholicism were rewarded with centuries of further discrimination and persecution. (Disclaimer: I am not expert enough to know detailed figures here; feel free to search for expert sources if you want something precise.)

Scattered lightning strikes are not meaningfully comparable to large-scale genocidal war.
by dghlsakjg | 2025-11-03 22:35:21+00:00
Possibly in some designs. It comes down to a weight issue. The entire weight of the hybrid system needs to be less than the weight saved by installing a smaller ICE engine.

Take a modern small aero engine like the Rotax 912. It comes in an 80hp version that weighs 122 pounds and a 100 hp version that weighs 144 lbs. Hard to beat that kind of power/weight.
by cyberax | 2025-11-03 22:36:02+00:00
> You seem to forget that all the people on public transit essentially get their time back.

Can I use the time in subway while commuting to work to get groceries or to get my child to a doctor's appointment?

> I made some calculations like a year ago using public data from Finland in the year 2023, the people lost collectively 55k years to driving cars.

Now do that with transit. Keep in mind, that transit is typically 2-3 times slower than cars in well-designed cities (i.e. not Manhattan-style hellscapes). It absolutely is true of Helsinki. Try dropping 100 random points on the city map and plot the routes between all of them, for both cars and transit. You'll find that cars are typically 3x faster.
by ACCount37 | 2025-11-03 22:36:25+00:00
In the purely mechanical sense: LLMs get less self-awareness than humans, but not zero.

It's amazing how much of it they have, really - given that base models aren't encouraged to develop it at all. And yet, post-training doesn't create an LLM's personality from nothing - it reuses what's already there. Even things like metaknowledge, flawed and limited as it is in LLMs, have to trace their origins to the base model somehow.
by tarique192 | 2025-11-03 22:37:17+00:00
After seeing countless LLM security incidents (Samsung's ChatGPT leak, Microsoft's Tay disaster, Bing's Sydney meltdown), I spent months compiling everything security teams need to know into one comprehensive guide. What started as personal research became a community effort with 370+ security researchers contributing. The result: a practical, constantly updated reference covering: The full attack landscape: OWASP Top 10 for LLMs with real exploit examples Case studies from actual breaches (with financial impact) 15+ categories of vulnerabilities most teams don't know exist Offensive tools that actually work: Garak – automated red teaming for HuggingFace models LLM Fuzzer – finds injection vulnerabilities in your APIs Plus 20+ other open-source tools we've battle-tested Defensive solutions you can deploy today: Rebuff – catches prompt injection in real-time LLM Guard – self-hosted content filtering NeMo Guardrails – NVIDIA's framework for safe LLMs Complete comparison matrix of 15+ defensive tools What you'll learn: How Samsung accidentally leaked proprietary code via ChatGPT Why Microsoft's Bing AI threatened users (and how to prevent it) Which "secure" LLMs failed basic jailbreak attempts Practical defenses you can implement this week Everything is open-source and community-driven. Perfect for security teams, AI engineers, and anyone building with LLMs who can't afford a headline-making security incident. Check it out: https://github.com/requie/LLMSecurityGuide Would love feedback from the HN community – what's missing? What LLM security challenges are you facing?
by munificent | 2025-11-03 22:37:35+00:00
It's both. In smaller doses, anesthetics like propofol will leave you groggy but semi-awake and able to respond to commands. But you won't be able to form long term memories so you won't remember afterwards. This is "twilight sedation" and is what you usually get when you get a procedure like an endoscopy or colonscopy. You are somewhat awake so that you can help reposition yourself and stuff if they need you to.

In larger doses, propofol will completely eliminate consciousness. This is "general anesthesia" and what you get when you go in for a major surgical procedure. You are completely unresponsive to any stimuli.

There are levels in between these too. Consciousness is a spectrum.

As far as I know, propofol doesn't make you feel particularly good or block pain. It just kind of makes you go away. So in addition, at all levels of anesthesia, they also typically give you a narcotic like fentanyl so that you aren't suffering. They aren't just letting you scream in pain and then erasing the tape afterwards.

As someone who has had a couple of procedures where they pushed the fentanyl into the IV before the propofol, I can 100% assure that pain was the absolute last thing I was feeling. Hell, I was still high as a kite after the propofol wore off when I got home. I was sitting at the kitchen table with a bunch of metal recently unscrewed from my leg bones thinking about literally nothing in the world beyond, "holy fuck this eggnog is the best beverage I've ever had in my life I wish I could drink it forever".
by kevinreisenbuk | 2025-11-03 22:38:20+00:00
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by dylan604 | 2025-11-03 22:38:41+00:00
"Jensen Huang claims — without any real breakdown as to who is buying them — that NVIDIA has over $500bn in bookings for its AI chips, with little worry about whether there’s enough money to actually pay for all of those GPUs or, more operatively, whether anybody plugging them in is making any profits off of them."

Does NVIDIA care if the company that bought their chips cannot make money using their chips? As long as the company's money is transferred into NVIDIA's accounts, that's all that matters to NVIDIA.
by exizt88 | 2025-11-03 22:38:41+00:00
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by zestai | 2025-11-03 22:38:50+00:00
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by __MatrixMan__ | 2025-11-03 22:39:06+00:00
No, that's a protocol that were going to have to build.

I think CirclesUBI gets it partly right, re: different dynamics between parties based on their connectedness on a trust graph. But I think we'll want this on a CRDT, not a blockchain, and I think we'll want more nuance than their treat-others'-tokens-as-equal-in-value-to-your-own approach. But it's a decent start.
by dingdingdang | 2025-11-03 22:39:08+00:00
1. There was no point, having thought about it a bit; a lot of the patches (in essence it was at most a handful) revolved around disabling features which in turn could never have been upstreamed. An example was, as mentioned elsewhere in this comment section, the abysmal performance of the thumbnail gen feature, it never cached right, it never worked right and even when it did it would absolutely kill listings of larger folders of media - this was basically hacked out and partially replaced with much simpler gen on images alone, suddenly the file manager worked again for clients.

2. Guess that's debatable, or maybe even skill dependent (mea culpa), and also largely a question of how comfortable one is with systems that cannot be reasoned about cleanly (similar to TFA I just could not stand the bloat, it made me feel more than mildly unwell working with it). Eventually it was GDPR reqs that drove us towards the big G across multiple domains.

On another note it strikes me how the attempts at re-gen'ing folder listings online really is Sisyphus work, there should be a clean way to enfold multiuser/access-tokens into the filesystems of phones/PCs/etc. The closest pseudo example at the moment I guess is classic Google Drive but of course it would need gating and security on the OS side of things that works to a standard across multiple ecosystems (Apple, MS, Android, iPhone, Linux etc.) ... yeeeeah, better keep polishing that HTML ball of spaghetti I guess ;)
by mindcrime | 2025-11-03 22:39:23+00:00
And while we're talking about highly specialized firefighting apparatus... while I don't think Chicago FD ever ran anything quite like the FDNY Mack Super Pumper, they are well known for their use of a piece of apparatus known as a "turret wagon". Basically, it's a big-ass truck with a huge deluge gun (aka "monitor" or "turret") mounted on the back, and with a big intake manifold for receiving multiple supply lines. You could think of a "turret wagon" as being conceptually akin to the "Satellite" units that were part of the FDNY Super Pumper System.

Anyway, one of the best known Chicago Turret Wagons was "Big John" (aka 6-7-3).

https://chicagoareafire.com/blog/2013/04/chicago-fd-turret-w...

https://chicagoareafire.com/blog/2013/04/chicago-fd-turret-w...

Not sure if CFD still maintain any Turret Wagons in contemporary times or not, but variations on the concept are still found, particularly in industrial fire departments that protect high hazard sites like oil refineries, certain chemical plants, etc.
by ricardobeat | 2025-11-03 22:39:30+00:00
Probably chroma subsampling - storing color at lower resolution than luminance to take advantage of the aforementioned sensitivity difference. Since it’s stored at 1/4 resolution it can alone almost halve the file size.

Saying it’s the insight that led to JPEG seems wrong though, as DCT + quantization was (don’t quote me on this) the main technical breakthrough?
by kdumont | 2025-11-03 22:39:32+00:00
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by FloorEgg | 2025-11-03 22:39:57+00:00
In a sense, yes.

If one is to quantify consciousness it would probably make sense to think of it as an area of awareness and cognizance across time.

Awareness scales with sensory scale and resolution (sensory receptors vs input token limits and token resolution). E.g. 128k tokens and tokens too coarse to count rs in strawberry.

Cognizance scales with internal representations of awareness (probably some relation to vector space resolution and granularity, though I suspect there is more to it than just vector space)

And the third component is time, how long the agent is conscious for.

So something like...

Time * awareness (receptors) * internal representations (cell diversity * # cells * connection diversity * # connections)

There is no way this equation is right but I suspect it's sort of directionally correct.

I'm deep in the subject but just riffing here, so take this with a lot of salt.
by tmtvl | 2025-11-03 22:40:34+00:00
Some vaguely related things:

- VTTEST <https://invisible-island.net/vttest/vttest.html>, which tests capabilities from VT-100 to VT-520 terminals.

- Markus Kuhn's UTF-8 test <https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/examples/UTF-8-test.txt>.
by topspin | 2025-11-03 22:40:56+00:00
> Also wondering: what replaced this!

A collection of smaller pumps and monitors, which is likely a better scheme, in terms of flexibility and fault tolerance. While a remarkable design, the single pump with long hoses to multiple hydrants, then radiating to multiple monitors, is a system that takes great coordination and precious time to deploy and rework in action.

The Napier Deltic engine is the party piece in all this. It is an ambitious and yet successful design, intended to push the limit of power-to-weight in a diesel engine. I investigated the state of current diesel locomotive engines in comparison to the Deltic and it remains, to this day, the highest power-to-weight diesel engine in use for locomotives. (There are half a dozen still running in the UK today in limited service.) I've personally visited the Bay City museum to see this engine.

These engines require forced induction; they cannot run naturally aspirated. In its various naval, rail and other applications there were many different induction designs applied to the Deltic: turbos, superchargers and combinations of both. Today, we have electric forced induction, enabled by the high performance electric motors that have emerged elsewhere in transport applications. One thinks of what diesel wonders might be created by combining the Deltic design with electric forced induction.
by susam | 2025-11-03 22:41:04+00:00
HN stories about Whitney's code tend to predictably attract a lot of comments about the coding style, so I thought I'd share a couple of positive discussions from previous related posts.

Here's one from one of my favourite HN commenters posted at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25902615#25903452 (Jan 2021):

"Its density is many times higher than most C programs, but that's no big obstacle to understanding if you don't attempt to "skim" it; you need to read it character-by-character from top to bottom. It starts off defining some basic types, C for Character and I for Integer, and then the all-important Array. This is followed by some more shorthand for printf, return, and functions of one and two arguments, all of the array type. The DO macro is used to make iteration more concise. Then the function definitions begin. ma allocates an array of n integers (this code is hardcoded for a 32-bit system), mv is basically memcpy, tr (Total Rank?) is used to compute the total number of elements, and ga (Get/Generate Array) allocates an array. This is followed by the definitions of all the primitive operations (interestingly, find is empty), a few more globals, and then the main evaluator body. Lastly, main contains the REPL. While I don't think this style is suitable for most programmers, it's unfortunate that the industry seems to have gone towards the other extreme." -- userbinator

Here's another from the same commenter on a different story at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39026551#39038364 (Jan 2024):

"There's something very satisfying about how this style seems to "climb the abstraction ladder" very quickly, but all of those abstractions he creates are not wasted and immediately put to use. I think much of the amazement and beauty is that there isn't much code at all, and yet it does so much. It's the complete opposite of the bloated, lazy, lowest-common-denominator trend that's been spreading in many other languages's communities." -- userbinator

Another from the story at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40544283#40544491 (Jun 2024):

"For people not accustomed to the style of Whitney, you can read various HN threads from the past to learn more about why he writes programs the way he does. It's deliberate and powerful." -- hakanderyal

One more from the same story at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40544283#40545004 (Jun 2024):

"Whitney is famous for writing code like this, it's been his coding style for decades. For example, he wrote an early J interpreter this way in 1989. There's also a buddy allocator he wrote at Morgan Stanley that's only about 10 lines of C code." -- papercrane
by anuraagn | 2025-11-03 22:41:17+00:00
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by taeric | 2025-11-03 22:42:06+00:00
This falls into the "people aren't rational/logical" trap. You really have to define what you would mean for it to be rational. And then you have to establish what the baseline ideas are from which you plan on establishing the logic/rationality. All the while, you need to really resist any "just so" stories that would explain anything.

Worse, this also falls into the trap of thinking you have to make a choice, and that an informed choice is better than chance. Reality is that you are often best trying to do both, and then having some sort of coin flip to disambiguate choices works far better than we'd like to admit. In large part for the simple reason that simply doing something is more than a lot of your competitors will be doing.