MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by intelbee | 2025-11-02 10:50:09+00:00
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by mjg59 | 2025-11-02 10:51:35+00:00
Meanwhile, roughly contemporaneously, the Motorola 68000 was a CPU with 32-bit registers and a 16-bit bus (there was also the 68008 which had an 8-bit bus) - but in the 80s both the PC and 68000 devices were generally referred to as 16-bit. I guess the argument is that the 8088 was a cut down 8086 (an unambiguously 16-bit CPU) while the 68k family didn't ship a 32-bit bus until the 68020, but it's interesting how handwavy terminology is here (see also the "64 bit" Atari Jaguar)
by alienpingu | 2025-11-02 10:52:01+00:00
As an iPhone SE 2022 owner, you should disable transparency effects from the settings, which helps with battery drain.

The worst thing about iOS 26 is battery management when the phone is off. I know it may seem absurd, but the ‘find-me’ feature, which also works when the phone is off overnight (8 hours), consumes 50% of the battery when the phone is off.
by Al-Khwarizmi | 2025-11-02 10:52:05+00:00
You can still understand that quite well without understanding backprop, though.

All you need is:

- Basic understanding of how a Markov chain can generate text (generating each word using corpus statistics on the previous few words).

- Understanding that you can then replace the Markov chain with a neural model which gives you more context length and more flexibility (words are now in a continuous space so you don't need to find literally the same words, you can exploit synonyms, similarity, etc., plus massive training data also helps).

- Finally, you add the instruction tuning (among all the plausible continuations the model could choose, teach it to prefer the ones human prefer - e.g. answering a question rather than continuing with a list of similar questions. You give the model cookies or slaps so it learns to prefer the answers humans prefer).

- But the core is still like in the Markov chain (generating each word using corpus statistics on the previous words).

I often give dissemination talks on LLMs to the general public and I have the feeling that with this mental model, you can basically know everything a lay user needs to know about how they work (you can explain things like hallucinations, stochastic nature, relevance of training data, relevance of instruction tuning, dispelling myths like "they always choose the most likely word", etc.) without any calculus at all; although of course this is subjective and maybe some people will think that explaining it in this way is heresy.
by willtemperley | 2025-11-02 10:52:09+00:00
> These would be great for local precision but less so for tectonic precision, due to tectonic plate activity (continental drift), post-glacial rebound (areas still rising after ice sheets melted), and sudden seismic events (earthquakes).

This is exactly what 4D deformation models are for:

https://proj.org/en/stable/operations/transformations/defmod...
by masklinn | 2025-11-02 10:55:33+00:00
> This whole thing is pointless.

It's definitely pointless if you completely miss the point of it.

> OpenAI Atlas defeats all of this by being a user's web browser. They got between you and the user you're trying to serve content, and they slurp up everything the user browses to return it back for training.

Cool. Anubis' fundamental purpose is not to prevent all bot access tho, as clearly spelled in its overview:

> This program is designed to help protect the small internet from the endless storm of requests that flood in from AI companies.

OpenAI atlas piggybacking on the user's normal browsing is not within the remit of anubis, because it's not going to take a small site down or dramatically increase hosting costs.

> At this point, the only people you're keeping out with LLM firewalls are the smaller players

Oh no, who will think of the small assholes?
by JuniperMesos | 2025-11-02 10:56:02+00:00
> This mechanism breaks down when your peers don't hold common values. If nobody agrees on what right and wrong are, you just find different peers until somebody thinks that what you're doing is right.

Perhaps because your peers are recent immigrants who are culturally and linguistically foreign to you, and are physically here primarily because the place they are originally from is terrible, rather than because they are actually interested in joining your community and sharing its values.
by AnthonyMouse | 2025-11-02 10:56:13+00:00
> Individual users need to register with cloudflare, and then cloudflare gives you a million tokens per month to request websites. Or some scheme like this.

This seems like it would just cause the tokens to become a commodity.

The premise is that you're giving out enough for the usage of the large majority of people, but how many do you give out? If you give out enough for the 95th percentile of usage then 5% of people -- i.e. hundreds of millions of people in the world -- won't have enough for their normal usage. Which is the first problem.

Meanwhile 95% of people would then have more tokens than they need, and the tokens would be scarce, so then they would sell the ones they're not using. Which is the second problem. The people who are the most strapped for cash sell all their tokens for a couple bucks but then get locked out of the internet.

The third problem is that the AI companies would be the ones buying them, and since the large majority of people would have more than they need, they wouldn't be that expensive, and then that wouldn't prevent scraping. Unless you turn the scarcity way up and make the first and second problems really bad.
by greatgib | 2025-11-02 10:56:16+00:00
Just a personal fact, when I want to see a page and instead I have to face a 3s stupid nagscreens like the one of anubis, I'm very pissed off and pushed even more to bypass the website when possible to get the info I want directly from llm or search engine.

It's kind of a self fulfilling prophecy, you make it the visitor experience worse, giving a self justification why llm giving the content is wanted and needed.

All of that because in the current lambda/cloud computing word, it became very expensive to process only a few requests.
by jeremyjh | 2025-11-02 10:57:19+00:00
Most mainstream languages have a fairly straightforward bootstrapping process that doesn't rely on a trusted binary. And yes, most distrubutions ignore that, but nonetheless it is possible to use those languages in a high-sec environment if you put the work in.

I'm not sure that I agree that GHC can't be bootstrapped though. There is a process for porting to other architectures; its not an automated process and perhaps no one outside the GHC team can actually do it, but if for some insane reason NSA decided they want to use Haskell I'm not sure that they actually can't, if they put a lot of work in and hire GHC committers with high security clearances.
by Jnr | 2025-11-02 10:58:19+00:00
In a large project with decent code structure there can be quite a bit of boilerplate, convention, testing required. Also we are not talking about a 10-line change. More like 10k line feature.

Before LLMs we simply wouldn't implement many of those features since they were not exactly critical and required a lot of time, but now when the required development time is cut signifficantly, they suddenly make sense to implement.
by rubenbe | 2025-11-02 10:58:38+00:00
OpenWRT does support 802.11r fast roaming for multiple APs. The problem with OpenWRT is/was the configuration of multiple APs. There is OpenWISP, but they mostly target very large setups (>100 APs). So I built OpenSOHO using the OpenWISP daemons on the AP and a pocketbase frontend. (https://github.com/rubenbe/opensoho). No band steering yet unfortunately.
by anthk | 2025-11-02 10:58:56+00:00
Then in the late 90's and early 00's you almost got alarm clock at "Dollar Stores" for $15, and for really cheap pocket FM radios, you could get them as prizes with sodas and such, as a marketing scheme, with the soda logo printed in the device.

With no internet, often you were in $REMOTE_FORGOTTEN_RURAL_VILLAGE and the TV antenna didn't have tons of nearly TV repeaters/relays, you would love some FM/AM radio with cool stations reaching over 100 and 200 kms in case of AM ( I remember to listen heavy metal/gothic metal stations from Portugal in Spain within 100 kms from the border ). In Spain, either boring national and international pop radioformula, or soccer past dinner everywhere.

Oh, btw, one thing I hated from these clocks it's having to reset the time because it was misconfigured on a power cut. Nowadays they could just put some firmware and flash it for 0.0001 euros per device, if not less.
by zozbot234 | 2025-11-02 10:59:30+00:00
Could this help solve the pesky problem of anonymous age attestation (i.e. the "I'm acting on behalf of someone who's over 18") by having some attestator that only issues time-linked tokens (you're not allowed to use more than X in any given span of time, so users are significantly deterred from sharing tokens with others) to persons who are verifiably over 18?
by nikanj | 2025-11-02 11:00:54+00:00
I'm surprised it didn't fix it by removing the code. In my experience, if you give Claude a failing test, it fixes it by hard-coding the code to return the value expected by the test or something similar.

Last week I asked it to look at why a certain device enumeration caused a sigsegv, and it quickly solved the issue by completely removing the enumeration. No functionality, no bugs!
by timeon | 2025-11-02 11:01:22+00:00
> “Hell of a world we live in, huh?” The proprietor was a thin black man with bad teeth and an obvious wig. I nodded, fishing in my jeans for change, anxious to find a park bench where I could submerge myself in hard evidence of the human near-dystopia we live in. “But it could be worse, huh?”

> “That’s right,” I said, “or even worse, it could be perfect.”

-- William Gibson: The Gernsback Continuum
Show HN: Ambient light sensor control of keyboard and screen brightness in Linux
by donjajo | 2025-11-02 11:03:49+00:00
I have always wanted cool features in Linux because I use it day to day as my OS. I have always wanted to implement this feature and do it properly: one that automatically adjusts keyboard and LCD backlights using data from the Ambient Light Sensor.

I enjoy low-level programming a lot. I delved into writing this program in C. It came out well and worked seamlessly on my device. Currently, it only works for keyboard lights. I designed it in a way that the support for LCD will come in seamlessly in the future.

But, in the real world, people have different kinds of devices. And I made sure to follow the iio implementation on the kernel through sysfs. I would like feedback. :)
by BinaryIgor | 2025-11-02 11:06:25+00:00
Also worth mentioning - it happens more often when you set journal_mode=WAL, which is not a default.

The default is DELETE mode, where the rollback journal is deleted at the conclusion of each transaction. What's more - in this mode (not-WAL), readers can coexist, but they do block the writer (which is always one) and the writer block readers - concurrency is highly limited.

In WAL mode - which pretty much always you should set - there's also at most one writer, but writer can coexist with readers.
by Archelaos | 2025-11-02 11:06:58+00:00
> What's wrong or odd about that? You can like a technology as a user and not want to delve into how it works

The question here is whether the details are important for the major issues, or whether they can be abstracted away with a vague understanding. To what extent abstracting away is okay depends greatly on the individual case. Abstractions can work over a large area or for a long time, but then suddenly collapse and fail.

The calculator, which has always delivered sufficiently accurate results, can produce nonsense when one approaches the limits of its numerical representation or combines numbers with very different levels of precision. This can be seen, for example, when one rearranges commutative operations; due to rounding problems, it suddenly delivers completely different results.

The 2008 financial crisis was based, among other things, on models that treated certain market risks as independent of one another. Risk could then be spread by splitting and recombining portfolios. However, this only worked as long as the interdependence of the different portfolios was actually quite small. An entire industry, with the exception of a few astute individuals, had abstracted away this interdependence, acted on this basis, and ultimately failed.

As individuals, however, we are completely dependent on these abstractions. Our entire lives are permeated by things whose functioning we simply have to rely on without truly understanding them. Ultimately, it is the nature of modern, specialized societies that this process continues and becomes even more differentiated.

But somewhere there should be people who work at the limits of detailed abstractions and are concerned with researching and evaluating the real complexity hidden behind them, and thus correcting the abstraction if necessary, sending this new knowledge upstream.

The role of an expert is to operate with less abstraction and more detail in her oder his field of expertise than a non-expert -- and the more so, the better an expert she or he is.
by trenchpilgrim | 2025-11-02 11:07:37+00:00
If you are adding security keys and git repos to your final shipped image you are doing things very wrong - a container image is literally a tarball and some metadata about how to run the executables inside. Even if you need that data to build your application you should use a multi-stage build to include only the final artifacts in the image you ship.

For stuff like security keys you should typically add them as build --args-- secrets, not as content in the image.
by _flux | 2025-11-02 11:08:54+00:00
As I understand it, the main point of Anubis is to reduce the costs caused by (AI company) bots and agent-generated load is still a lot less than simply spidering the complete web site; it might actually be quite close to what a user would manually browse.

Unless the user asked something that just needs visiting many pages, I suppose. For example, Google Gemini was pretty helpful in finding out the typical price ranges and dishes a local shopping centre coffee shops have, as the information was far from being just in a single page..
by lazide | 2025-11-02 11:09:01+00:00
They actually aren’t done well via voice UI either - if you care about the output.

We just gloss over the details in these hypothetical irregular or abstract tasks because we imagine they would be done as we imagine them. We don’t have experience trying to tell the damn AI to not delete that cloud (which one exactly?) but the other one via a voice UI. Which would suck and be super irritating, btw.

We know how irritating it would be to turn the shower off/on, because we do that all the time.
by czl | 2025-11-02 11:10:13+00:00
The challenge is that human values aren’t static - they’ve evolved alongside our intelligence. As our cognitive and technological capabilities grow (for example, through AI), our values will likely continue to change as well. What’s unsettling about creating a superintelligent system is that we can’t predict what it -- or even we -- will come to define as “good.”

Access to immense intelligence and power could elevate humanity to extraordinary heights -- or it could lead to outcomes we can no longer recognize or control. That uncertainty is what makes superintelligence both a potential blessing and a profound existential risk.
by bhaak | 2025-11-02 11:11:41+00:00
Here is a recent blog post where somebody tried to install Debian on an Amiga 4000 with an 68040 running at 25 MHz.

https://sandervanderburg.blogspot.com/2025/01/running-linux-...

I didn't find what Debian version they tried but I think it's implied it's a recent version. They ran into memory issues. They had only 48MB while the recommendations are to use 64MB. It did boot though until it threw errors because of memory constraints.

They got a working system by trying Debian 3.1 though.
by CuriouslyC | 2025-11-02 11:12:08+00:00
Dating apps 100% suck. I'm a good looking guy and I put the effort into getting great pictures and optimizing my profile to the point I was able to get dates 5+ nights a week and date 2-3 new women a week, and while it was validating, the quality of dates was significantly worse than what I used to get from just approaching women in places like bookstores, after yoga classes, etc when that wasn't as culturally abnormal.

Ironically I met my wife while I was on a date with another woman. We had a much better organic connection, and she was way hotter than almost all the girls on the apps.
by figassis | 2025-11-02 11:12:43+00:00
It’s promises make me interested, but the syntax is my main turnoff. I am a Go person, and I think what brings people to go is the opposite of what brings people to Rust. I am willing to sacrifice some memory safety (because I maybe naively think I can manage to write software without many memory bugs) for the simplicity and dev experience that Go offers.
by SurceBeats | 2025-11-02 11:12:46+00:00
Fascinating deep dive into OverlayFS CoW behavior. The 11GB btmp file getting copied 271 times is a perfect storm scenario. Did they consider mounting /var/log outside the image layers? Seems like that would prevent any log file from causing this amplification. Also interested in image-manip... Does it handle metadata differently than docker export/import?
by tim333 | 2025-11-02 11:13:45+00:00
I see your point but on the other hand a lot of conversations go: A: what will we do when AI do all the jobs, B: that's silly LLMs can't do the jobs. The thing is A didn't say LLM, they said AI as in whatever that will be a short while into the future. Which is changing rapidly because thousands of bright people are being paid to change it.
by wyclif | 2025-11-02 11:14:24+00:00
You mean the `Include` directive, right? Not "load"...but I guess that's just shorthand for the concept.

So you split your main ~/.ssh/config file into smaller, reusable files stored in a subdirectory like ~/.ssh/config.d/. The main config file then "includes" (loads) these modular files automatically. So for instance, you might have:

~/.ssh/config.d/10-general.conf

~/.ssh/config.d/20-work.conf

~/.ssh/config.d/30-github.conf

Can confirm this works great in teams or on multi-host setups, as it keeps things organized without cluttering a single massive config file and it works across tools like ssh, scp, rsync, etc.
by GistNoesis | 2025-11-02 11:15:40+00:00
>computing the exact gradient using calculus

First of all, gradient computation with back-prop (aka reverse-mode automatic differentiation) is exact to numerical precision (except for edge-cases that are not relevant here) so it's not about the way of computing the gradient.

What Andrej is trying to tell is that when you create a model, you have freedom of design in the shape of the loss function. And that in this design what matters for learning is not so much the value of the loss function, but its slopes, and curvature (peaks and valleys).

The problematic case being flat valleys, surrounded by straight cliffs, (picture the grand canyon).

Advanced optimizers in deep learning like "Adam", are still first-order, with diagonal approximation of the curvature, which mean the optimizer in addition to the gradient it has an estimate of the scale sensitivity of each parameter independently. So the cheap thing it can reasonably do is modulate the gradient with this scale.

The length of the gradient vector, being often problematic, what optimizers would usually do was something called "line-search", which is determine the optimal step-size along this direction. But the cost of doing that is usually between 10-100 evaluation of the cost function which is often not worth the effort in the noisy stochastic context, compared to just taking a smaller step multiple times.

Higher-order optimizers necessitate that the loss function is twice differentiable, so non-linearities like relu, which are cheap to calculate can't be used.

Lower-order global optimizers don't even necessitate the gradient, which is useful when the energy-function landscape has lots of local minima, (picture an egg-box).
by estimator7292 | 2025-11-02 11:15:46+00:00
There are projection-type digit displays. I can't seem to find a picture at the moment, but these had an array of incandescent bulbs which project the image of the digit onto an internal screen. The timeline seems about right, this was peak Apollo era tech.

There's also nixie and numitron tubes, as well as some neon digit displays. If it wasn't a tube, maybe it was a nixie-like display with a stack of acrylic plates each illuminated by an individual bulb.
by nashashmi | 2025-11-02 11:15:54+00:00
> They won’t, but they can.

That is the problem with this advice. “Can choose not to” is code to stop someone complaining. “Just don’t use it then”. It sounds equivalent to the “love it or leave it” slogan used in the 70s in America.

We don’t leave. We fight. We don’t stop using. We openly and publicly criticize
by BinaryIgor | 2025-11-02 11:17:30+00:00
SQLite has its quirks, but in this particular case all you need is set PRAGMA busy_timeout=<a few seconds> and the problem is solved; and if you google it, it's widely known issue with described (this) solution.

It's just weird that it's set to 0 by default rather than something resonable like 3000 or 5000 ms.
by Sharlin | 2025-11-02 11:17:34+00:00
It takes at most a week to get used to just about any syntax. It should absolutely never be a reason not to try a new language. That said, it would be lovely if Rust had a more ML-like, rather than C-like, syntax (being originally inspired by O’Caml), but that would likely not help attract devs in the intended target audience!

The insert function, for what it’s worth, has nonstandard formatting; the de facto standard rustfmt tool would use more newlines, making it clearer and less dense. The function also uses a couple of syntactic features like `if let`, which may seem unfamiliar at first but become second nature in a few days at most.
by CuriouslyC | 2025-11-02 11:19:14+00:00
Bro, women don't care about reasonably young, the vast majority of women want older men, the daddy and silver fox memes are real. For younger women, the preferred age gap is smaller, but the older the woman gets, the larger the age window above her gets. A lot of women in their early 30s are thirsting after men in their mid-late 40s with resources and their shit together.