MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by anon291 | 2025-11-11 00:31:02+00:00
Functions that return types are indeed at a higher level than those that don't.

Values can be seen as Singleton types. The key difference is the universe they live in. In the universe of types, the level one level below is perceived as a value. Similarly, in the universe of kinds, types appear to be values.

> Basically, 'value' would be a special constraint on a type parameter in normal parametric polymorphism implementations

Yes this is a level constraint.

> But I guess, the same issue of "which refinement types can be defined, while keeping everything decidable" remains as an issue.

If you're dealing with fully computable types. Nothing is decidable.

> Also how to handle runtime values? That will require type assertions, just like union types? Or is it only a compile time concept and there is no runtime instantiations. Only some kind of const generics?

A compiler with dependent types is essentially producing programs that are itself embedded with its input. There cannot be a distinction between runtime and compel time. Because in general type checking requires you to be able to run a program. The compilation essentially becomes deciding which parts you want to evaluate and which parts you want to defer until later.

> A typeof function could be an example of dependent type though? Even at runtime?

Typeof is just const.

Typeof: (T : type) -> (x:T) -> Type

Final note: I've written some compilers for toy dependently typed languages. By far dependent typing makes both the language and the compiler easier not harder. This is because Haskell and c++ and other languages with type systems and metaprogramming or generics actually have several languages: the value language that we are familiar with, but also the type language.

In Haskell, this is the class/instance language which is another logic programming language atop the lambda calculus language. This means to write a Haskell compiler you have to write a compiler for Haskell and the logic programming language (which is turing complete btw) that is the type language

Similarly in c++, you have to implement c++ AND the template system which is a functional programming language with incredibly confusing semantics.

On the other hand for a dependently typed language, you just write one language... The types are talked about in the same way as values. The only difficulty is type inference. However, an explicit dependently typed language is actually the easiest typed compiler to write because it's literally just checking for term equality which is very easy! On the other hand with a dependent language, type inference is never going to be perfect so you're a lot freer to make your own heuristic decisions and forego HM-like perfection.
by dpark | 2025-11-11 00:31:10+00:00
> The “bug waiting to happen” attitude kind of sucks, too. It’s a good thing if your code can be used in ways you don’t originally expect.

Rather than call it myopic I would say this is a hard won insight. Dynamic binding tends to be a bug farm. I get enough of this with server to server calls and weakly specified JSON contracts. I don’t need to turn stable libraries into time bombs by passing in types that look like what they might expect but aren’t really.

> If you try to guess every way your code will ever be used

It’s not about guessing every way your code could be used. It’s about being explicit about what your code expects.

If I’m stuffing aome type into a library that expects a different type, I don’t really know what the library requires and the library certainly doesn’t know what my type actually supports. There’s a lot of finger crossing and hoping it works, and that it continues to work when my code or the library code changes.
by cefboud | 2025-11-11 00:31:28+00:00
For languages that support cross-compiling e.g Golang, the Docker docs recommend cross-compiling natively and copying the resulting binary to the various platform images. binfmt_misc with QEMU is needed for languages that don't support that, or when you want to run a binary from the base image. For example, if you're building a x86 Docker image on ARM and you run `RUN apt install` in the Dockerfile, you're essentially running an x86 ELF on ARM, and that's where QEMU/binfmt_misc step in.
by drdeadringer | 2025-11-11 00:33:02+00:00
In the novel The Sparrow by Mary Doria Russell, after the Pope remarks that the aliens involved are "other children of God", I had the thought that perhaps when humans create AI robots, the Pope might consider these robots to be grandchildren of God.

I'm not trying to drag religion into this, despite my obviously doing so on the surface.

I am trying to see where certain flexibilities might be found, since there seems to be some flexibility on personhood in law.
by eszed | 2025-11-11 00:33:17+00:00
I think you're right, in general - certainly AI will replace background actors, though that's already been happening for years without AI generation. I'm also pretty sure that if/when AI can generate whole films, then that'll happen, too.

However, this statement is a hell of a lot better than I expected to see, and suggests to me that the actors' strike a few years ago was necessary and successful. It may, as you say, only be holding back the "capitalism problem" dike, but... At least it's doing that?
by pinkmuffinere | 2025-11-11 00:33:26+00:00
Good idea! Here's the chatgpt exchange: https://chatgpt.com/share/691283dd-eb90-8010-97d1-8118eb6152...

Its summary at the end is

""

If I had to assign probabilities purely based on linguistic/structural evidence:

French: ~45%

Other Romance language: ~25%

Eastern European/Slavic: ~15%

Native English speaker: ~15%

But: none of these are strong certainties. The writer is clearly extremely fluent regardless.

""

btw, I do agree you have an incredible command of English in either case, with lots advanced terminology.

-------------------

Edit: I fed it a bunch more of your writing, here's the updated link: https://chatgpt.com/share/691283dd-eb90-8010-97d1-8118eb6152...

and updated conclusions:

""

After the third sample, I would revise the distribution:

French: 35% (down from 45%)

German or Central European (Polish/Czech/Slovak/Hungarian/Russian): 35%

Other Romance (Italian/Spanish/Portuguese): 20%

Native English speaker: 10%

""

I think it has essentially arrived at the same guess I had! I'm not sure how to feel about that, haha, kindof surprised by that result.
by raphlinus | 2025-11-11 00:33:49+00:00
The output of this renderer is a bitmap, so you have to do an upload to GPU if that's what your environment is. As part of the larger work, we also have Vello Hybrid which does the geometry on CPU but the pixel painting on GPU.

We have definitely thought about having the CPU renderer while the shaders are being compiled (shader compilation is a problem) but haven't implemented it.
by joshuamorton | 2025-11-11 00:36:02+00:00
> I do not think it is a reasonable position to consider deportaion of folks overstaying visas as "a violation of human rights" in the vast majority of cases.

This is a motte/bailey. Deporting people is not inherently a violation of human rights. However, when judges have to clarify that "detainees" must be provided water and toilets[0], I think it's pretty clear that their human rights are being violated. The significant objection is to that, not to any semblance of immigration enforcement.

> I think the ideal solution is to create a system where overstaying a visa is practically impossible.

I can assure you that you do not want this, it is predicated on a level of government invasiveness that would be unpalatable to both citizens and legal immigrants. Some abuse is the cost of many well functioning systems.

> However, since it has proven to be too practically difficult to negotiate comprehensive immigration reform for various reasons, the American left -- a left that I consider myself a part of -- has gone in the complete opposite direction for most of my lifetime. We have established an overt nullification policy that effectively facilitates folks ignoring immigration law.

It is somewhere between deeply misinformed and rhetorical malpractice to say this, pretending that the American right bears no responsibility for preventing progress on immigration reform and that there haven't been multiple attempts by the left to improve things here that were blocked by the right (including multiple iterations of DREAM and various attempts at asylum reform).

[0]: https://www.scribd.com/document/943713376/Broadview-TRO
Help: Microsoft Outlook Login Problems
by iheshe | 2025-11-11 00:37:06+00:00
Someone here with the same problem? "You've tried to sign in too many times with an incorrect account or password"

Can anyone help?

People on Reddit with the same problem at /r/Outlook: https://www.reddit.com/r/Outlook/comments/1op4af7/youve_tried_to_sign_in_too_many_times_with_an/
by accrual | 2025-11-11 00:37:17+00:00
Yes, good distinction. Recordable media will most likely contain data an individual intended to save. But because it's recordable, the dyes and structures on the disc aren't as stable.

Long-lasting, good quality mastered optical media is probably mass produced and has many copies, including a distinct and potentially well-preserved source.

It's probably fair to say that a lot of mixtapes (mix CDs?) from the early 2000s are lost to dye issues...
by tracker1 | 2025-11-11 00:37:37+00:00
I think the general advice to pregnant women is to generally avoid most/all medications as much as possible as a just in case thing.

There are a lot of things that it could be that changed to bring more autism in society. It could also be a multi-generational affect of things started close to a century ago. We have a lot of food that isn't anything someone a couple hundred years ago would consider "food"... highly processed, industrialized, refined, etc. The fact is, we largely don't know, and a lot of affects are individualized.
by Izikiel43 | 2025-11-11 00:37:37+00:00
> the closure of borders to asylum seekers

I'm pretty sure the executive has power over border policy, the INA is very broad and gives a lot of power to the executive, also it would be crazy if the executive can't decide on border policy, congress is too slow/deadlocked to do anything meaningful.

Second one yes it's iffy.
by Chabsff | 2025-11-11 00:38:46+00:00
For the sake of this conversation "understanding" implicitly means "understand enough about it to be unimpressed".

This is what's being challenged: That you can discount LLMs as uninteresting because they are "just" probalistic inference machines. This completely underestimates just how far you can push the concept.

Your pedantic definition of understand might be technically correct. But that's not what's being discussed.

That is, unless you assign metaphysical properties to the notion of intelligence. But the current consensus is that intelligence can be simulated, at least in principle.
by p1necone | 2025-11-11 00:38:48+00:00
The Call of Duty series makes me so sad. I remember when cod 4 came out it felt like a genuinely groundbreaking and innovative thing and I was so pumped to see what IW did next. And then Activision took all of that talent that was genuinely exploring new ground in game development and stuck them in the yearly rerelease of the same damn game mill until everyone got burnt out and left.
by dylan604 | 2025-11-11 00:39:17+00:00
And the company cannot sue for libel as SCOTUS has already stated that POTUS is immune as long it was part of official acts. The thing I don't know enough about is if they meant for suing in the courts while still allowing for Congress the ability granted them by the Constitution to impeach/convict/remove. That was Trump's position as the only way to hold POTUS accountable, which goes to explain why he is so worried about keeping control of both chambers. What happens after his term doesn't matter has he has immunity from SCOTUS if Congress does nothing.
by alexose | 2025-11-11 00:40:09+00:00
Generative CAD has incredible potential. I've had some decent results with OpenSCAD, but it's clear that current models don't have much "common sense" when it comes to how shapes connect.

If code-based CAD tools were more common, and we had a bigger corpus to pull from, these tools would probably be pretty usable. Without this, however, it seems like we'll need to train against simulations of the physical world.
by joshuamorton | 2025-11-11 00:40:25+00:00
You're doing a selective quoting thing.

Not assisting with enforcement acts you don't feel are worthwhile is not nullification. I'm not engaging in "nullification" when I don't call the police on a jaywalker. Or I mean maybe you think this is, but then police engage in wildcat strikes all the time, or change enforcement priorities, or whatever you want to frame it as. Calling a difference in prioritization "nullification" wrong, especially if local police in immigrant communities want to maintain good relationships with those communities. I think it's laudable that some police forces show an interest in serving their communities interests, as opposed to yearning to be fashy.

> but it becomes very obvious nullification when the state passes laws preventing individuals who would LIKE to help, like local policed departments, from helping even if they wanted to. And this is exactly what has happened in many blue states.

Can you give examples?

Keep in mind, "sanctuary city" policies are usually actually supported by local police forces, because while they may look not tough on crime (and for this reason sometimes police forces halfheartedly lobby against them), they actually make on-the-ground local policing easier, because they engender trust between the local police force and immigrant communities who otherwise might not report crimes at all.
by accrual | 2025-11-11 00:40:26+00:00
Cool tale! I have observed a mix of viable and unreadable user-burned CD media from the late 90s and early 2000s. It definitely depends on the quality of the media, quality of the burn/drive/laser, and how well it was stored interim.

My oldest disc is some bright blue Verbatim disk my childhood friend made for me so I could play our favorite game at home pre-2000. I have a bit-perfect copy, but the actual disc still reads fine in 2025 when I last tested it.
by fngjdflmdflg | 2025-11-11 00:40:33+00:00
In any interactive environment you have to upload to the GPU on each frame to output to a display, right? Or maybe integrated SoCs can skip that? Of course you only need to upload the dirty rects, but in the worst case the full image.

>geometry on CPU but the pixel painting on GPU

Wow. Is this akin to running just the vertex shader on the CPU?
by ashdksnndck | 2025-11-11 00:41:06+00:00
The New York Times (the corporation, as a legal person) has the right to freedom of the press, not just individual humans who work there. This is good, because it means the entire institution is protected. Not only is the government forbidden from arresting the humans for operating the printing press, it’s also forbidden from sanctioning the corporation for hiring humans to operate the press. In other words, freedom of the press applies to corporations (eg. the Times) as well as human persons. I think you and the commenter you responded to both agree on the fundamental claim here, although you might disagree about the semantics of whether “corporate personhood” is a good way of describing this concept.
by EchoReflection | 2025-11-11 00:41:12+00:00
the book "Ultraltralearning" by Scott Young was/is a useful resource for people who want to "open their minds" to different perspectives on finding work, imo:

https://www.scotthyoung.com/blog/ultralearning/

https://www.reddit.com/r/productivity/comments/r81s4t/

https://www.betterworldbooks.com/product/detail/ultralearnin...

https://www.amazon.com/Ultralearning-Master-Outsmart-Competi...

https://www.amazon.com/Ultralearning-Scott-Young-audiobook/d...
by tialaramex | 2025-11-11 00:41:26+00:00
Yeah, what kind of Crazy Person would make a web site where unauthenticated visitors can write programs and it just compiles them?

What would you even call such a thing? "Compiler Explorer"?

I guess maybe if Herb had helped the guy who owned that web site, say, Matt Godbolt, to enable his "Syntax 2 for C++" compiler cppfront, on that site, it would feel like Herb ought to take some responsibility right ?

Or maybe I am being unreasonable ?
by sublinear | 2025-11-11 00:42:09+00:00
I work remote and live in a very car-centric suburb. I still somehow average about 10k steps a day with just daily chores and errands.

Maybe I should thank my parents for raising me the way they did because there's zero effort on my end other than the desire to take breaks outdoors, keep things clean indoors, and eat well. On that last point I try to cook most of my meals with fresh ingredients and enjoy shopping in person instead of delivery or pick up.
by voidmain | 2025-11-11 00:42:13+00:00
The paper defines this structure

struct Strip { x: u16, y: u16, alpha_idx_fill_gap: u32, }

which looks like it is 64 bits (8 bytes) in size,

and then says

> Since a single strip has a memory footprint of 64 bytes and a single alpha value is stored as u8, the necessary storage amounts to around 259 ∗ 64 + 7296 ≈ 24KB

am I missing something, or is it actually 259*8 + 7296 ≈ 9KB?
by deathanatos | 2025-11-11 00:42:43+00:00
Oh oops … IDK how I missed that … but also that seems to really undercut the article's own thesis then if they're aware of it.

> But this requires global allocator, which is also not entirely zero cost.

Heap allocs are not free. But then, IDK that the approach of using the unwinding infra is any better. You still have to store the associated data somewhere, & then unwind the stack. That "somewhere" might require a global allocator¹.

(¹Say you put the associated data on the stack, and unwind, and your "recovery point"/catch/etc. site might get a pointer to it. Put what if that recovery point then calls a function, and that function requires more stack depth that exists prior to the object?

I supposed you could put it somewhere, and then move it up the stack into the stack frame of the recovery function, but that's more expensive. That might work, though.

But since C++ impls put it on the heap, that leads me to assume there's a gotcha somewhere here.)
by jgord | 2025-11-11 00:42:58+00:00
My take, after working on some algos to detect geometry from pointclouds, is that its solvable with current ML techniques, but we lack early stage VC funding for startups working on this :

https://quantblog.wordpress.com/2025/10/29/digital-twins-the...

I have no doubt FeiFei and her well funded team will make rapid progress.
by qdotme | 2025-11-11 00:43:03+00:00
SGI IRIX and HP-UX handled multiple ABIs from one root partition, with the dynamic linker loader using appropriate paths for various userlands.

This had the advantage that one, networked root filesystem could boot both M68K and PA-RISC, or both o32 and n64 MIPS ABIs, and I’m pretty sure this would’ve worked happily on IA64 (again, from the same FS!)

The notion of “local storage boot” was relatively new and expensive in the Unix-land; single-user computing was alien, everyone was thin-clienting in. And it was trivial to create a boot server in which 32bit and 64bit and even other-arch (!) software versions were in perfect sync.

Nothing in current Linux actually forbids that. With qemu binfmt you can easily have one host and multiple userland architectures; and it sometimes even works OK for direct kernel syscalls.

All essentially aiming for a very different world, one that still runs behind the scenes in many places. The current Linux is dominated both by the “portable single-user desktop” workloads (laptops), and by essentially servers running JIT-interpreted language fast time to market startups. Which pushed the pendulum in the direction of VMs, containerization and essentially ephemeral OS. That’s fine for the stated usecase, but there are /still/ tons of old usecases of POS terminals actually using up a console driver off a (maybe emulated) old Unix. And a viable migration path for many of those might well be multi-endian (but often indeed emulated) something.

Even early Windows NT handled multi-architecture binaries and could’ve run fat binaries! We only settled on x86 in mid 1990s!
by hexage1814 | 2025-11-11 00:43:43+00:00
The truth is that Netflix, Amazon, or any other company, honestly, would fire 99% of their workforce if it were possible, because they only care about profit – hell, they are companies, that's why they exist. At the same time, brands have to pretend they care about society, people having jobs, the climate, whatever, so they can't simply say: "Yeah, we exist to make money and we totally want to fire you guys as soon as possible." As you said, it's all masked as staff augmentation and other technical mumbo jumbo.
by 9rx | 2025-11-11 00:43:47+00:00
> Microservices came about because Netflix

Nah. You've made up a fun story, but "microservices" is already recognized as being in the lexicon in 2011, while Netflix didn't start talking about said system until 2012.

> This is great for FAANG-scale companies.

Certainly. FAANG-scale employees need separation. There are so many that there isn't enough time in the day for the teams to stay in close communication. You'd spend 24 hours a day just in meetings coordinating everyone. Thus microservices says instead of meetings, cut off direct communication, publish a public API with documentation, and let others figure it out — just like how services from other companies are sold.

If you are small company you don't have that problem. Just talk to the people you work with. It is much more efficient at normal scale.
by bfkwlfkjf | 2025-11-11 00:43:56+00:00
Ok but what you're describing is the classic "be cheaper than competition, gain market share, then raise prices" and is basically how business works. Almost every company does this if they are run well enough to manage to pull it off.

Setting up rules to trick customers to make mistakes and then demand 60 euros for printing a sheet of paper is morally dishonest and I would say most don't do this.
by defrost | 2025-11-11 00:44:59+00:00
There are concerns that the increase in autism diagnoses is because something is causing more children to be affected by the condition. Is this accurate?

Changes in the diagnostic criteria and increased screening at wellness visits seem to be the main contributors. There have been a few studies over the past two years that have looked at a specific subgroup of individuals on the spectrum who frequently need 24-hour-a-day support and care from a caregiver, often have very limited verbal communication skills, or have intellectual disability that co-occurs with autism. The data has shown that rates of autism for that subgroup have increased minimally, if at all, over the past nearly 10 years.

~ Is There an Autism Epidemic?, John Hopkins, Bloomberg School of Public Health: https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2025/is-there-an-autism-epidemi...

Autism diagnoses are on the rise – but autism itself may not be

Autism is better known and diagnosed than ever before, leading to misconceptions that cases are skyrocketing.

~ BBC, 10th May, 2025: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20250509-why-autism-diagn...
by captainkrtek | 2025-11-11 00:45:07+00:00
That’s an interesting way to put it, which asks the bigger question of (perhaps?):

Do we want a society where everyone can masquerade as an “artist”, flooding society with low-quality content using AI trained on the work product of actual artists?

The people doing as such do not have the talent they desire, nor did they do anything to upskill themselves. Its a short cut to an illusion of competency.