MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by ActorNightly | 2025-11-25 21:18:04+00:00
>Excellent article

Except its not. Data science in python pretty much requires you to use numpy. So his example of mean/variance code is a dumb comparison. Numpy has mean and variance functions built in for arrays.

Even when using raw python in his example, some syntax can be condesed quite a bit:

groups = defaultdict(list) [groups[(row['species'], row['island'])].append(row['body_mass_g']) for row in filtered]

It takes the same amount of mental effort to learn python/numpy as it does with R. The difference is, the former allows you to integrate your code into any other applicaiton.
by itake | 2025-11-25 21:18:15+00:00
Vietnam.

source: I've been to almost every country in SEA at least 3x. (Brunei was once, never went to Timor-Leste).

Check the forex changes and rent prices if you don't believe me.

Harder to factor in is visa costs. Vietnam, you need to leave every 90 days. So you need to buy a $25usd visa + flights/buses + hotels for 3-5 days while you get your next visa. Thailand, you only need to leave every 6mo on the DTV.
by johnmaguire | 2025-11-25 21:18:18+00:00
> Just found out that the systemd developers don't understand DNS (or IPv6).

Just according to Github, systemd has over 2,300 contributors. Which ones are you referring to?

And more to the point, what is this supposed to mean? Did you encounter a bug or something? DNS on Linux is sort of famously a tire fire, see for example https://tailscale.com/blog/sisyphean-dns-client-linux ... IPv6 networking is also famously difficult on Linux, with many users still refusing to even leave it enabled, frustratingly for those of us who care about IPv6.
by pluralmonad | 2025-11-25 21:18:18+00:00
I've worked places that refuse to fire low performers and its hard for it to not be toxic. I'm not saying this outcome is a forgone conclusion of unions, but my union experience is that poor performers take even longer to get rid of and I'm not sure I would be interested in that sort of environment again. This is more of an implementation problem than philosophical, but theoretically good and practically bad is still just bad.
by d0mine | 2025-11-25 21:18:18+00:00
Usually, a simple function is enough:

def make_counter(start=0): count = start def incr(): nonlocal count count += 1 return count return incr

Example:

>>> c = make_counter() >>> c() 1 >>> c() 2

But it hides nothing:

>>> c.__closure__[0].cell_contents 2 >>> c.__closure__[0].cell_contents = -1 >>> c() 0

"private" in Python is cultural, not enforced. (you can access `self.__private` from outside too if you want).
by constantcrying | 2025-11-25 21:18:39+00:00
Python is also an embarrassingly bad language for numerics. It comes without support for different floating point types does not have an n-D Array data type and is extremely slow.

At the same time it is an absolute necessity to know if you are doing numerics. What this shows, at least to me, is that it is "good enough" and that the million integrations, examples and pieces of documentation matter more than whether the peculiarities of the language work in favor of its given use case, as long as the shortcomings can be mostly addressed.
by amai | 2025-11-25 21:18:40+00:00
„In my opinion, the latter argument would be an interesting topic for further studies, in particular whether the abolishment of the inheritance tax gives certain groups of Norwegian youths with prospects of high inheritance, advancement of inheritance and gifts a false security, in a reality where young people need to understand the relation between hard work and wealth.“

See https://novaworkboard.wordpress.com/2015/09/18/the-abolishme...
by yjftsjthsd-h | 2025-11-25 21:18:40+00:00
> it doesn't need to be open source to do that, nor would making it open source obviate auditig the final executable anyways

It doesn't need to be open source to do that, but it really helps. Ideally you'd publish source and have reproducible builds, so that users could look at the code to see that it's not doing anything objectionable and a handful of people could make sure that that code matched the official binaries.

> You can audit the application's behavior with standard tools to verify that it isn't "phoning home", etc.

Can you? Practically? Lots of programs are easy: You put them in a sandbox with zero network access, or very carefully restricted access, and that eliminates 90% of likely problems. But this is a web browser; it's purpose is to connect over the network, all day every day, to arbitrary, dynamic domains in large numbers, such that I would seriously question whether it is in fact practical to audit in a black-box approach.
by jrflowers | 2025-11-25 21:18:44+00:00
> from women to me as a partner – or from female friends about the man they seek

How many people are you talking about here? Like if you had to rephrase this point using numbers would you say “I’ve heard half a dozen women say this”?

That aside, can you elaborate on safety as a demand? I’ve never had a partner or friend demand safety from me, ever. The only times in my life that I have seen someone demand safety from another is when the latter is acting violent or reckless to the point that their behavior poses a threat.
by seanmcdirmid | 2025-11-25 21:18:53+00:00
The water table surely has something to do with it, but they could put much of it above ground like Bangkok does (erm, Bangkok should be listed as doing ok, even if they aren't doing as well as Singapore).

China built A LOT in the last 15 years. Beijing before 2008 had line 1, 2, a couple of suburban lines (13 and another one out east), and that was it. I don't think any other country has ever built infrastructure so quickly, so it isn't really fair to compare them to China.
by fsloth | 2025-11-25 21:18:58+00:00
C++ can be written as the optimal industrial language it is. Simple core concepts year after year. Minimal adaptation.

The key thing to understand you are still using C with sugar on top. So you need to understand how the language concepts map to the hardware concepts. So it’s much more relevant to understand pointer arithmetic, the difference between stack and heap allocations and so on, rather what the most recent language standard changes.

You can write the same type of C++ for decades. It’s not going to stop compiling. As long as it compiles on your language standard (C++17 is fine I think unless you miss something specific) you are off to the races. And you can write C++17 for the next two decades if you want.
by simonw | 2025-11-25 21:19:13+00:00
More reports of similar vulnerabilities in Antigravity from Johann Rehberger: https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2025/security-keeps-goo...

He links to this page on the Google vulnerability reporting program:

https://bughunters.google.com/learn/invalid-reports/google-p...

That page says that exfiltration attacks against the browser agent are "known issues" that are not eligible for reward (they are already working on fixes):

> Antigravity agent has access to files. While it is cautious in accessing sensitive files, there’s no enforcement. In addition, the agent is able to create and render markdown content. Thus, the agent can be influenced to leak data from files on the user's computer in maliciously constructed URLs rendered in Markdown or by other means.

And for code execution:

> Working with untrusted data can affect how the agent behaves. When source code, or any other processed content, contains untrusted input, Antigravity's agent can be influenced to execute commands. [...]

> Antigravity agent has permission to execute commands. While it is cautious when executing commands, it can be influenced to run malicious commands.
by DSMan195276 | 2025-11-25 21:19:14+00:00
It's a single number in that if you take an IQ test one time you get one number, but that doesn't mean you'll get that exact number every single time you take an IQ test. Even ignoring more complex questions about them, your score on an IQ test will vary depending on simple things like how tired you are when you take it, so in practice there's some variance and you do not always get the same number every time you take a test.
by gunalx | 2025-11-25 21:19:58+00:00
Does it support multimodal documents?

My main gripe with openwebui, in addition to it being slow is the fact that it mangles documents in the OCR step. tables that could have been understood great by an multi modal llm, just gets mangled by the ocr and lost instead of storing both a text and original representation.

Being able to properly searcbin the knowlege base lime the llm does, but manually would be nice (like get recommendations for docs to add).

My usecase is mostly writing, so having a integrated document refinery editor is also a nice feature list.

I'm probably rambling but these are my base use-cases for a llm ui I personally have found.
by pchiusano | 2025-11-25 21:21:01+00:00
Erlang is great and was one inspiration for Unison. And a long time ago, I got a chance to show Joe Armstrong an early version of Unison. He liked the idea and was very encouraging. I remember that meant a lot to me at the time since he's a hero of mine. He had actually had the same idea of identifying individual functions via hashes and had pondered if a future version of Erlang could make use of that. We had a fun chat and he told me many old war stories from the early days of Erlang. I was really grateful for that. RIP, Joe.

Re: distributed computing, the main thing that the content-adressed code buys you is the ability to move computations around at runtime, deploying any missing dependencies on the fly. I can send you the expression `factorial 4` and what I'm actually sending is a bytecode tree with a hash of the factorial function. You then look this up in your local code cache - if you already have it, then you're good to go, if not, you ask me to send the code for that hash and I send it and you cache it for next time.

The upshot of this is that you can have programs that just transparently deploy themselves as they execute across a cluster of machines, with no setup needed in advance. This is a really powerful building block for creating distributed systems.

In Erlang, you can send a message to a remote actor, but it's not really advisable to send a message that is or contains a function since you don't know if the recipient has that function's implementation. Of course, you can set up an Erlang cluster so everyone has the same implementation (analogous to setting up a Spark cluster to have the same version of all dependencies everywhere), but this involves setup in advance and it can get pretty fragile as you start thinking about how these dependencies will evolve over time.

A lot of Erlang's ideas around fault tolerance carry over to Unison as well, though they play out differently due to differences in the core language and libraries.
by runarberg | 2025-11-25 21:21:41+00:00
Yes, it is a programming language. And so is HTML, LaTeX, heck even Markup is a programming language. The shapes of discs you put into your 1950s Elna Supermatic sewing machine that alters the stitch, also a programing language.

The only requirements is that it compiles into a set of instructions which computers (or sewing machines, etc.) know how to read and execute into a predictable (preferably desired) outcome.

A programming language does not need to be Turing complete to be a programming language.
by 0xbadcafebee | 2025-11-25 21:21:43+00:00
Funnily enough, even though there are (some) regulations that impose penalties if a financial breach was due to negligence, somebody has to actually investigate and prove negligence first. Government agencies may investigate, but they can just choose not to, it depends on whether they feel like investigating or not.

Meaning that when there is a breach, if you don't personally sue them and take on the costs of investigating and proving the root cause of the breach yourself, then it's likely nothing will happen to them at all. And this is only for the institutions actually covered by a regulation.

And assuming an investigation is done, and proof found of negligence, they'll be given a fine or settle for a small amount of their yearly profit. Nobody goes to jail or is personally fined, and the company has a minor dip in earnings. Problem solved!
by antonvs | 2025-11-25 21:21:54+00:00
This is a classic straw man argument, which depends on the assumption that all people of a certain age would think a certain way.

Also, your understanding of evolution is incorrect. All species on Earth are the results of an enormous amount of accumulated "experience", over periods of up to billions of years. Even the bacteria we have today took hundreds of millions of years to reach anything similar to their current form.
Show HN: Validating "Scratch for AI agents" before building
by harjjotsinghh | 2025-11-25 21:22:04+00:00
I'm running a 2-week validation experiment before building my next product.

Concept: Visual AI orchestration platform - Drag blocks (GPT-5.1, Claude Opus 4.5, Llama Maverick 4, etc.) - Connect them into workflows - Parallel execution (not sequential like Zapier) - Zero code required

Why: n8n is too complex for non-devs. Zapier doesn't do parallel execution. Gap exists.

The bet: IF 500 signups in 2 weeks → I build it (3 months). IF not → I pivot/kill it.

Current: 26/500 (Day 2)

Landing page: https://orchastra.org (mockups only - no product yet)

Questions for HN: 1. Is "Scratch for AI" clear or confusing? 2. Is 2 weeks enough validation? 3. What would make this actually useful vs just another automation tool?

Appreciate all brutal feedback.
by pessimizer | 2025-11-25 21:22:31+00:00
It's always been an insane claim that knowledge can't help you utilize knowledge. It's just an excuse to be racist and classist. Everything around IQ is linear, dumb thinking, suitable for trying to reduce everything to a scalar. IQ is a good tool for figuring out whether your child has a physical issue with their brain development, or maybe a hearing problem.

There's nothing logical about brains; they work on heuristics built on reflexes and associations. Logic is something we learn through physically interacting with the world, and from sitting in class. As you learn it, your thinking about other things gets better. When you read great old Chinese philosophers like Mozi struggling but managing to make good arguments without syllogism, it's a reminder that syllogism is something that is invented. It survives because of its unreasonable effectiveness compared to considering what the ancient heavenly kings had done.

It also helps your soul to remember that a lot of people you're arguing with have no idea what a logical argument looks like. They think that an argument is when you try to shut the other person up. It's not their fault, they just literally don't know. They're not arguing in bad faith, they don't know what good faith looks like because the educational system has failed them.
by anon84873628 | 2025-11-25 21:22:37+00:00
To summarize a bit glibly, you're saying to be a good parent. Which of course is awesome, and it is important for people like yourself to explain how to do that using the available tools, etc.

I think the concern many people have is that not everyone, maybe even not most, are good parents. They are themselves addicted to their screens, sports betting, credit cards, etc etc.

How much of a "nanny state" we create is a fair question. Of course due to economic incentives the companies will generally tend to outsource the problem as "be better parents", and indeed the problems of digital society are not these games' fault or burden alone. But to me it seems we have to break the cycle somewhere, and regulating these apps more is a perfectly sensible starting point. We should have freedom, yes, but also need to make systems that match reality on the ground and don't fail under the lowest common denominator situation.

Edit: not to assume you were implying otherwise. Just that we should avoid the "well it's not a problem for me, just do <x>" error.
by dangus | 2025-11-25 21:22:51+00:00
Good luck convincing anyone to purchase a two-door vehicle with a below-average sedan-style trunk.

It's difficult enough for automakers to sell standard sedans these days, never mind an electric one ($$$) designed around efficiency above all else.

The average gas price today in Texas is $2.60. It is not really economically rational for someone to pay a premium for an efficiency-focused EV without some other benefit.

I think the closest to what you're asking for is the Model 3, or Ioniq 6: appliance sedans built around efficiency.

They don't sell as well as their SUV cousins.
by RyanHamilton | 2025-11-25 21:23:15+00:00
This is a sympton of something worse. The bigger issue: Roblox isn’t the real problem, it’s filling the gap left by the disappearance of unstructured, unsupervised play in the physical world.

Kids used to build worlds, take risks, and form friendships outdoors. Now many have no safe places to roam, no peers outside scheduled activities, and no cultural permission to be on their own. So they do all that in Roblox instead.

You can tighten access control, but it won’t change the core dynamic: when real childhood spaces shrink, digital platforms become the default playground. Until kids have room to be independent offline, they’ll keep escaping online.
by watwut | 2025-11-25 21:23:19+00:00
> On the contrary, that unimaginably dangerous activity in our childhood raised responsibility in us better than any supervision.

I have no reason to believe that. The issue with 2 out of 3 activities you listed is also the danger or damage to OTHERS and their property. Which you do not even noticed, clocked or cared about. The only thing you care about is you feeling some pain, presumably.
by raw_anon_1111 | 2025-11-25 21:23:27+00:00
Can we state the obvious of that if you have your environment file within your repo supposed protected by .gitignore you’re automatically doing it wrong?

For cloud credentials you should never have permanent credentials anywhere in any file for any reason best case or worse case have them in your home directory and let the SDK figure out - no you don’t need to explicitly load your credentials ever within your code at least for AWS or GCP.

For anything else, if you aren’t using one of the cloud services where you can store and read your API keys at runtime, at least use something like Vault.
by johnnyanmac | 2025-11-25 21:23:44+00:00
>It's constantly something i see that people are okay with.. but i see so many things i dislike within it.

Yes, welcome to a true blue monopoly.

I can list issues for days, but at the end of the day a lot of beloved creators in pretty much all sectors can make a living off of Youtube and not much elsewhere. Maybe some can jump to Nebula, but not all have content that fit that service. It's those creators I love, not Google.

I'd love nothing more than a proper competitor to rise up, or for courts to finally do their job and slice Youtube out of the Google ecosystem. But I'll be waiting a while for either. I've de-googled in pretty much every other aspect except Gmail and Youtube, and I simply don't see any other way out for now.
by pedalpete | 2025-11-25 21:23:55+00:00
I'm surprised this study didn't segment a portion of the subjects as diabetic and I wonder if such a sub-group would potentially have seen an improvement over non-diabetic subjects.

I'm sure this isn't the last we will hear of the potential of GLP1s in neurological diseases.

At the same time, our work in neurostimulation of slow-wave sleep is showing promise with a correlation between neurostimulation response, amyloid response, and memory in healthy older adults[1], as well as tolerance of stimulation in people living with Alzheimer's [2]. More studies to be done, but if you're curious, we link to a large body of research on our website https://www.affectablesleep.com/how-it-works?type=All#resear...

[1] https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afad228 [2] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2024.07.002
by antognini | 2025-11-25 21:24:43+00:00
It's kind of interesting to compare this to Ptolemy's eras. In the Tetrabiblios, Ptolemy argued that man went through seven ages in his life, each associated with a different celestial object.

1. Infancy --- The Moon. Since the Moon waxes and wanes more rapidly than any other celestial object, this period is characterized by the fastest development.

2. Childhood --- Mercury. As Mercury is the fastest of the planets, at this age children have the short attention spans and flit from one thing to the next.

3. Youth --- Venus. Starting around puberty, a man's mind starts to become focused on love.

4. Young Adulthood --- The Sun. A man comes of age, he starts to think about his work and people begin to take him seriously.

5. Middle Adulthood --- Mars. In his mid 30s a man's demeanor becomes more severe. He realizes he has certain goals he would like to accomplish and there is not much time left to achieve them.

6. Maturity --- Jupiter. By his mid 50s, having achieved what he can in his life, he has arrived at a position of authority in the community. He has gravitas and respect.

7. Old Age --- Saturn. By his late 60s, he starts to decline physically and mentally.
by lo_zamoyski | 2025-11-25 21:24:54+00:00
> denial of these other variables has become core to scientific racism

Scientific racism has always operated this way. When it wasn't fabricating evidence, it was cherry-picking or failing to account for environmental causes. It would be interesting to see how historical claims made in this context hold up (I would expect to see changes that negate the claims; something that comes to mind is that the Dutch were one of the shortest peoples in Europe, but later in the 19th century became one of the tallest).

> flagrantly incorrect papers on IQ that try to deny these factors and paint the IQ of non-white countries as low, with the only explanation being their “inferior” race/genetics

I think the more important point we need to remember is that even if we were to discover that some groups have a genetic predisposition for higher IQ (putting aside the controversial nature of IQ to begin with), those with predisposition for lower IQ are still human and thus still owed what is due by virtue of their basic human dignity. It's also possible that over time, adaptation would change this predisposition. Populations aren't static.
by janalsncm | 2025-11-25 21:25:19+00:00
In a command economy the unemployment rate can be zero as everyone can be allocated a job. China is not a command economy, it is more like state capitalist which means the government owns/controls companies in key industries.

Companies like Huawei have board members in the CCP but it’s a societal issue if a lot of private companies decide to automate their factories and displace tons of factory workers.
by skybrian | 2025-11-25 21:25:51+00:00
I don't fully understand this blog post, but possibly of interest:

https://theinfinitesimal.substack.com/p/the-missing-heritabi...

In particular, see the third chart, "GREML-WGS heritability estimates," which shows that heritability for height is pretty much the same when they try to adjust for environment in different ways, while the estimates for IQ vary a lot.

Gusev seems convinced that some environmental effect is inflating heritability estimates for IQ that are based on twin studies.
by incomingpain | 2025-11-25 21:25:52+00:00
>Just to clarify, when I mentioned "safely used as a supplement", I was thinking from a holistic emotional standpoint. I came across the post on "Chatbot Psychosis" (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46045674) and it got me pondering...

What I think is happening there. A model might only reasonably have 65,000 context. You quickly use it all up and it doesnt tell you it's truncating context, but it defaults in the center.

Eventually your chat is silently removing context and the message you think you're sending the LLM is X, Y, Z and what it's processing is X, Z. Which gives a different answer than the missing Y context.

My thought, use a new chat regularly.