MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by anonymars | 2025-11-02 23:24:35+00:00
I don't follow. In either case two branches are combined into one:

With a merge commit anyone can see each original path, and the merge result (with its author), and even try the three-way merge again. With a rebase, the original context is lost (the original commits were replaced by the rebased versions).

A rebase is a lossy projection of the same operation. A rebase lies about its history, a merge does not.
by funnymunny | 2025-11-02 23:24:59+00:00
I used git bisect in anger for the first time recently and it felt like magic.

Background: We had two functions in the codebase with identical names and nearly identical implementations, the latter having a subtle bug. Somehow both were imported into a particular python script, but the correct one had always overshadowed the incorrect one - that is, until an unrelated effort to apply code formatting standards to the codebase “fixed” the shadowing problem by removing the import of the correct function. Not exactly mind bending - but, we had looked at the change a few times over in GitHub while debugging and couldn’t find a problem with it - not until we knew for sure that was the commit causing the problem did we find the bug.
by toomuchtodo | 2025-11-02 23:25:11+00:00
Amazon:

https://electrek.co/2019/09/19/rivian-electric-delivery-vans...

https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/transportation/everything-y...

https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/tag/rivian

Rivian Fleet:

https://electrek.co/2023/12/14/rivian-rivn-first-non-amazon-...

https://electrek.co/2025/02/10/rivian-will-now-sell-its-comm...

https://rivian.com/fleet
by anon7000 | 2025-11-02 23:25:14+00:00
I mean this is pretty well understood at this point. I linked some further reading below. Addiction happens because doing X activity produces a lot of dopamine in your brain, enough that you can’t replicate that dopamine surge by doing healthy things.

For things like hard drugs, your dopamine receptors are stimulated to a huge degree more than “normal life.” Since dopamine is essentially a physical “reward” mechanism for your body, and you can’t get that level of reward through normal life, you end up chasing the high through whatever it is you’re addicted to.

Lots of things trigger dopamine, including scrolling social media. You train your brain to physically desire high levels of dopamine from short-term sources. Since the dopamine given by completing a long, complicated task is a lot harder to get, you have a physical tendency to just get the easy source of dopamine, social media, instead.

Dopamine isn’t bad. The problem is addiction. When you’re addicted to something, any task that takes a lot of effort and doesn’t have much payoff will be very difficult to accomplish when you can simply turn to a quick dopamine source.

People experience this differently — for example, dopamine is a big part of why ADHD is hard to deal with on a physical level.

- https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/how-an-addicted-brain-work...

- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31905114/
by gf000 | 2025-11-02 23:25:39+00:00
If I have a kiosk terminal, why would I want the overhead of, say, screensharing? Also, isn't this the point of libraries, so that you only have to implement stuff once, and you can reuse it in different projects? Like you can build on top of wlroots just fine.

> The proper thing Wayland should've done is waited until Wayland had reached feature parity with X

How on Earth would you expect a fundamental protocol to be developed behind closed doors?! Wtf even.
by strcat | 2025-11-02 23:25:50+00:00
Android and iOS both use filesystem-based disk encryption with fine-grained keys, not only a global encryption key. There's a subset of the OS data available before first unlock to have basic functionality available there. Three examples are installed apps, saved Wi-Fi networks including passwords and alarms with the system clock apps being available before first unlock via explicitly storing it in the before first unlock encrypted data. All of the data and metadata blocks are encrypted, but not all of it is encrypted with keys tied to the user's credentials. Android uses per-profile encryption so it gets security benefits from it too, but both operating systems mainly use it for usability benefits needed to make always on disk encryption suitable for their broad audience. They were able to deploy disk encryption to everyone without complaints partly because they did it this way, so in that sense the before first unlock data has a security benefit.

Apps are installed so that their packages are available before first unlock and can explicitly opt-in to supporting a specific subset of their components and data before available before first unlock. An app can implement push notifications before first unlock if the developers want to do it, and they could do that in a way where no message data, etc. is available before first unlock. The OS leaves it up to apps to decide what to do, and nearly all apps stick with the default of all their functionality and data available After First Unlock instead of either making it available Before First Unlock or having it go back at rest while locked again.
by comrade1234 | 2025-11-02 23:25:52+00:00
If I don't sweat enough, urea builds up in my skin and it begins to smell like pee/old people.

If I don't jog or do something strenuous for a week or two and then go for a hard sweaty run my shirt afterward smells like someone peed on it.

When I do jog/sweat regularly my body odor is completely neutral.
by stouset | 2025-11-02 23:26:25+00:00
I am somebody who deeply cares about my commit graph. I want to maintain clean history, and I want to regularly amend previous commits (until merged) in order to tell a coherent story about development. I want to keep unrelated commits on separate branches, so they can be reviewed and merged independently.

I understand how to do these things, but git’s interaction model makes it tedious at best and hard at worst.

jj’s interaction model makes these things simple, straightforward, and obvious in the overwhelming majority of cases.
by mikeyouse | 2025-11-02 23:26:41+00:00
I guess we are getting past each other. Not all viruses have the crosspieces compatibility, but many coronaviruses do. Rodents are extremely common intermediate hosts for bat viruses that later infect other animals. It’s a speculated source of a pig outbreak in China;

A possible scenario for such transmission may include bats infected with HKU2-like CoVs preying on insects near pig facilities, dropping contaminated feces that were later introduced into the pens somehow, by pig feed or some kind of animal (Fig. 4). According to our onsite observation in 2017, rodents were frequently visible in these pig farms. Notably, bat HKU2-like CoVs are clustered with rat CoVs in the genus Alphacoronavirus (Fig. 3). As we found that SeACoV infects different cell lines originating from rodents, and mice may be susceptible to SeACoV experimental infection (Yang et al., 2019b), we hypothesize that in such field conditions, rodents (especially wild rats) in the farms may eat pig feed contaminated by bat feces, becoming carriers of SeACoV (Fig. 4). Alternatively, if pigs became infected and shed SeACoV-positive feces, the virus could begin circulating in pig facilities. Contamination of pig feed, pig feces and water supplies by rodents could accumulate and develop into outbreaks of diarrhea in neonatal piglets (Fig. 4). Future studies on identifying HKU2-like CoV positive samples in rodents near pig farms are warranted to test this hypothesis.

Many rat coronaviruses are closer evolutionarily to specific bat coronaviruses than other closely related bat coronaviruses;

https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S01681702193067...
by dragonwriter | 2025-11-02 23:26:58+00:00
Yes and the sealed indictment from 2012 was unsealed in 2014, the same year as the Russian invasion of Crimea and Eastern Ukraine, which was also the direct trigger for Ukraine switching from a non-aligned position to seeking very close cooperation from the US.

I can very easily see how home in both the narrow regional and broad national sense could have become quite risky for a number of reasons for him from 2014 on.
by al_borland | 2025-11-02 23:27:12+00:00
Fun fact, there is some radio streaming built into the iPhone (all the Siri stuff too, so HomePods).

I found this out when a DJ on the radio kept yelling “hey siri play… <insert call sign here>”, and the same with OK Google.

I was getting annoyed, because he kept triggering my HomePod, but it didn’t understand what he said as the command. Then one time it worked. The DJ yelled and my HomePod kicked on and started playing the same station.

I assume this harkens back to the Internet radio that iTunes has supported forever.
by zozbot234 | 2025-11-02 23:28:47+00:00
There are "provers not based on type theory", most notably the Mizar system, that still prefer types (where possible) to propositions and proof obligations. Mostly, because type checking and type inference are inherently a lot more efficient than fully-general proof checking and automated proving - hence it's convenient to have a separate formalism for the efficient subset of logic that's restricted to such "taxonomy-like" reasoning. (There is a similar case for using restricted "modalities" instead of fully-general first order logic for reasoning over "possible worlds": that too involves a significant gain in efficiency.)

(And yes, this is mostly orthogonal to why you would want dependent types - these are indeed not so useful when you have general proof.)
by moritzwarhier | 2025-11-02 23:28:51+00:00
I would not deny this, and I don't judge people for enjoying to drive. It doesn't prevent me from thinking about alternative worlds / cities though, or in this case, just a stronger focus on establishing public car-based transportation (such as buses), in addition to train lines, which take very long to be built or are currently lacking space to be built altogether, where they would be most needed.
by georgefrowny | 2025-11-02 23:28:59+00:00
> easy to add

Trains are famously risk-averse designs. They're also really expensive and have to work for decades.

It will be hard sell to convince a train operator that adding literal tonnes of batteries to a train with a complicated mesh of solar microforms spread over thousands of km of track will be a good deal in terms of regulatory approval, cost effectiveness, maintenance overheads in time and money and that your company will still be around in 20 years to run the system rather than going belly up in a tech crash and leaving them with a bunch of bricked hardware.
by shubb | 2025-11-02 23:29:37+00:00
I think citymapper tried to execu this as a pivot. They had an idea to do it in London and other countries and did trial it for a while. Not sure why it (presumably) failed.

I'd note that startup money of the is much harder to get in London, so a US startup might be able to force the idea from experiment to profitability.
by brucehoult | 2025-11-02 23:30:17+00:00
> The reason I’m not super excited is based on the widely publicized findings from Google and Microsoft (IIRC) about memory safety issues in their code: The vast majority is in new code

This makes perfect sense to me.

Which is why I don't at all understand the current fetish with rewriting things that have been working well for decades in Rust. Such as coreutils. Or apt.

It feels like an almost deliberate crippling of progress by diverting top talent into useless avenues, much like string theory in physics, or SLS/Artemis.
by consumer451 | 2025-11-02 23:30:49+00:00
I realize that. If I wanted to make this a political post:

Hey blue-haired [0] >$200k/year people: take 5% of your extra cash, drive to the nearest red county food bank, and say nothing aside from giving what you can bring and being there.

There could be no better political statement.

[0] I am referring to everyone who the folks in those red counties have been told is "the enemy, destroying America."
by skissane | 2025-11-02 23:32:38+00:00
> Like Java, you can just `new` or `malloc` without `delete`ing or `free`ing.

Is your intention that people use the Fil-C garbage collector instead of free()? Or is it just a backstop in case of memory leak bugs?

Can the GC be configured to warn or panic if something is GCed without free()? Then you could detect memory leak bugs by recompiling with Fil-C - with less overhead than valgrind, although I’m guessing still more than ASan - but more choices is always a good thing.
by bryanrasmussen | 2025-11-02 23:32:40+00:00
so assuming inner sidewalk moving at 100 mph, next outer at 95, and each moving at 5 per less, when big muscular terrorists placed on s-100 carrying a big cardboard box filled with nails and throw it as quickly and hard as possible so that the box of nails open up over s-75 at what velocity are the nails raining down on pedestrians on s-75?
by kergonath | 2025-11-02 23:32:53+00:00
> You've gotta be referring to escalators here. Never seen a moving walkway in a big-box store

I have seen some occasionally in stores, in or around Paris. They usually are on an incline to allow trolleys to be taken up or down a level. Or similarly outside malls to get trolleys to the upper level of a car park. That’s in places where you have to stack car parks instead of just having them sprawl all over the place, of course.

> or a subway station for that matter.

There are a few of them in Paris métro stations. Some of them in the London Underground, as well.
by rootusrootus | 2025-11-02 23:32:57+00:00
Why on Earth would they intentionally export only their garbage cheese? Then the world will only know them for that.

The holes in modern Emmental cheese are created intentionally. In Switzerland the additive used to create them is forbidden. [0]

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmental_cheese#Natural_holes_...
by galaxyLogic | 2025-11-02 23:33:59+00:00
I read this as a teenager in a Sci-Fi compilation without paying much attention to the author, so I forgot where I read it or who wrote it or where I could find it again. But I composed and tape-recorded a melody to the lyrics which still hums in my head :

While you ride While you glide We are watching down inside that your roadways go rolling along. ...

Thanks for posting.
by AndyKelley | 2025-11-02 23:34:18+00:00
In the vast majority of cases, cancellation will be handled transparently by virtue of `try` being commonly used. The thing that takes relatively longer to do is I/O operations, and those will now return error.Canceled when requested.

Polling cancelRequested is generally a bad idea since it introduces overhead, but you could do it to introduce cancellation points into long-running CPU tasks.
by Lammy | 2025-11-02 23:36:06+00:00
> - firewall? […] Wherever I looked, people said "it's complicated." After a lot of tinkering and learning I finally got a setup that was pretty safe. (I think.)

I felt this way about pf when I first got PF going around 2011 for my home router/firewall box. Not saying this is the same for you or anyone else, but my issue was that I was approaching it from the point of view of “I want to configure a home firewall router with PF” instead of “I want to learn the fundamentals of what a firewall does”.

It took me a few more years to get well-versed in all that stuff: the structure of packets, what NAT actually means (what addresses are being translated, why, and where), what's going on in the state table, how to debug when things aren't doing what I expect, etc. Once I did it became much more straightforward to express in my `pf.conf` what I want to do, but you're right that doesn't really help new users.

> Lots of pain and hard to find friendly, best practice starter templates.

FreeBSD does include this, however! It's just implemented using IPFW instead of PF. Check out `firewall_type` key in `rc.conf`: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/libexec/rc/rc.conf?id=edad...

For a very simple NAT gateway, one could set `firewall_type=simple` and then `firewall_simple_(iif|inet|oif|onet)(_ipv6)?` to configure the ISP-side and internal-side interface names and IPv4 and IPv6 network ranges for each.

For a very easy single-machine firewall, one could set `firewall_type=client` or `firewall_type=workstation` if you want to host anything. For the latter, `firewall_myservices` and `firewall_allowservices` control what ports are enabled and who (other networks/IPs) have access to them

For more details and to see exactly what each option actually does, check out `/etc/rc.firewall` where this is all implemented: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/libexec/rc/rc.firewall?id=...
by JumpCrisscross | 2025-11-02 23:36:31+00:00
> today we teach the importance of "universal suffrage" to kids, an entirely disenfranchised class

Universal suffrage remains both a myth and an experiment. From citizenship requirements to criminal disenfranchisement, the fact that we gatekeep voting is not exactly a secret.

Our civic education is also horribly incomplete in discussing why America was designed as a republic, not a direct democracy, an argument made extremely well by learned Athenians, Romans, Carthaginians, Vedics and Americans, most notably in the Federalist Papers.

> Others think similarly of other groups

Sure. Some of them are wrong. Some of them are right.

Unless we’re talking about giving every human a vote, it’s disingenuous to argue we should give children suffrage because universal suffrage is some divine diktat.

(Where we could have an informed debate is around whether letting kids participate in school and municipal elections makes sense.)
by kjs3 | 2025-11-02 23:36:42+00:00
It's become a bit of a meme: You could have used a 555 for that!

Unfortunately, those days seem to be gone. Now any time I see someone point out "you could just use a 555 for that", people are replying "I just threw an PIC/AVR/STM32/RPi in there instead...software is so much better than having to do math to calculate those R and C values".
by keyringlight | 2025-11-02 23:37:51+00:00
I think that comes with risks, they will need to do a lot of work to manage expectations which is likely to be an unending uphill battle getting users to read and absorb any notice you put in front of them. If there's ever an official version of SteamOS that installs as broadly as most other linux distros along with a general/minimally trained audience, they can't do Deck certified on how well each game works on your system, and I can see challenges for "why does this game I bought on the steam store not work on my steam system?" especially if it's the hot new multiplayer game that targets windows with windows-only anticheat.

PC does have a fair amount of users that want it to operate in a console-like way when it comes to usability, the moment you tell them to fiddle with a runtime or experiment with the command line variables you lose them. That's to say nothing about handling stuff that lives outside steam, because PC gaming shouldn't equal Valve. The Deck is a nice manageable subset to deal with and fairly small enthusiast audience
by Wowfunhappy | 2025-11-02 23:38:43+00:00
> The only thing windows has focused on has been dark patterns to force users towards cloud and figuring out more and more ways to collect data to sell ads.

And backwards compatibility.

They're really good at it. And I'd say that's the reason Windows is still dominant. There's this unfathomably long tail of niche software that people need or want to run.
by strcat | 2025-11-02 23:38:44+00:00
Cellebrite and other companies can develop exploits using independent sets of bugs. Cellebrite is also not the only company developing exploits. These companies (or governments) don't have to wait until the bugs they use get patched or mitigated before they develop more exploits. They can also develop exploits against Beta releases of Android and iOS rather than waiting for it to be used by a large audience. That makes it possible for them to develop exploits against newer exploit protections prior to launch unless they're specific to newer hardware that's not released yet. Android has a more open development model and much longer longer beta testing for new major releases which gives them a lot of time to prepare for next generation exploit protections in standard Android. iOS doesn't give them as much time to prepare, but they still have time to prepare before new major releases come out. That's also not taking into account that they can have more than public sources to test with new versions.

Apple and Google do not appear to have a regular source for finding out which vulnerabilities are currently being exploited. Both appear to be refraining from actively seeking our these devices to patch all the exploits they use. It's often external researchers including at Citizen Lab and Amnesty International determining which vulnerabilities are being exploited by these tools and reporting it to both Apple and Google. Long periods of time often pass with no loss of capabilities for new Android and iOS versions. The main reason Cellebrite loses access is likely tied to the deployment of new exploit protections requiring working around those and using new vulnerabilities. Code churn also likely impacts them.

You seem to be mixing up what they're referring to as a BFU exploit with a BF exploit. Pixel 2, Pixel 6+ and iPhone 12+ have withstood Cellebrite's efforts to do brute force attacks against a BFU device. BFU exploit means they can extract data such as saved Wi-Fi networks and installed apps, but without a BF exploit they cannot bypass the secure element throttling. It may become impractical for them to have BF exploits anymore, but it doesn't make their BFU exploits worthless.
by shoy | 2025-11-02 23:38:54+00:00
Manually, using Omnigraffle. It's not text-driven like Mermaid or Typst. I made a list of all the commands in the docs, grouped them by similarity and then created tables in Omnigraffle. OG has a very cool scale-text-and-graphics feature that allowed the boxes to re-size nicely on the page.

I learned a lot doing it, and thought others would find it useful.

So, there's no source to share, other than the OG file. It seems I have some options: 1) update it myself, or 2) let others make another (utensil has started one using Typst; it's at https://github.com/utensil/helix-cheat-sheet).

I always appreciate the work of others to make useful things, and wanted to give something back, no matter how small. Given my other commitments it will take me about a month or so to bring it up to date.

stappersg opened an issue in the repo (https://github.com/stevenhoy/helix-cheat-sheet/issues/1) - Ill post this comment there and ask for feedback.
by advael | 2025-11-02 23:39:29+00:00
I don't think (from a sci-fi reader's perspective) this is a particularly new idea, and with all due respect to Hinton as a machine learning pioneer, my disinterest in this topic is not going to be alleviated by saying some names that can claim expertise. Stories about ASI are essentially the same thing as stories about advanced alien civilizations or gods. They essentially act as a repository for hopes, fears, and generally expectations one has around the concept of being dominated and ruled by something more powerful than we can imagine defeating. Telling stories of these kinds can do a lot to examine the relationships we have to power, how we've come to expect it to behave, what it's done to us, and for us, but they're not newsworthy meaningful predictions of the future and never contain good advice for what one should actually do, so it's weird to keep treating them as such
by JumpCrisscross | 2025-11-02 23:40:06+00:00
> we had to live under the ambiguity for more than three decades

Reality is infinitely complex. The law, meanwhile, is a construct.

One can always come up with anxious apparitions of hypothetical lawbreaking. (What if I’m murdered by a novel ceramic knife. The killer might get away!)

> If the researchers use more than one IP address so they can collect the data in less than 20 years, is that illegal? It shouldn't require a judge to be able to know that

It doesn’t. It requires a lawyer.