MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by m000 | 2025-11-27 16:07:43+00:00
I've recently gone through building a NAS for home. I read several guides like this, but a lot of them didn't quite match what I had in mind. Following some takeaways from my personal experience:

- Finding a low-wattage/high-efficiency ATX/SFX PSU is the hardest part. To achieve the advertised efficiency, your Gold-rated PSU needs at least 20% load. I.e. 100W for a 500W PSU. If you are building for low-power, you will need much lower wattage for the PSU to operate at optimal conditions/efficiency. Good luck finding anything under 450W these days.

- Do your math before choosing RAIDX, where X != 1. E.g. the disk cost for 2*16TB RAID1 array is pretty close to the cost of 3*8TB RAID5 array of the same capacity. But future upgrades with RAID1 are much easier and less costly, given that your NAS box will probably have only 4-5 slots. RAIDX make sense if you want to go wild (target NAS capacity >> maximum available single disk capacity).

- If you have not jumped into the "homelab" rabbithole and you only want a NAS and some services, NAS operating systems like TrueNAS are a PITA. Your hardware will be "owned" by the NAS OS, and you will need to jump through hoops to get any other software running. Most of them encourage you to not run anything else on them, except from prepackaged apps from their "store". So, you may want to stick with something more prosaic. E.g. vanilla debian.

- If you are thinking of ZFS/TrueNAS because of the scrubbing functionality, RAID1 + BTRFS also have scrubbing.

- Motherboards from AliExpress save you time. If I could procure a motherboard with 6 SATA ports, at least 2 2.5GbE ports, and an N series CPU from a mainstream vendor, I probably would. But there aren't any such models. If you try to add these features on top of a standard motherboard, you need another round of researching components. Plus, if it is a mini-ITX mobo, you may run out of PCIe slots.

- Motherboards from AliExpress are just fine. I'm not sure why people nag about "reliability" without even anecdotal evidence. If your mobo dies, too bad. But mobos are pretty low in the list of components affecting the safety of your data, with PSU, disks and software being more important.
by dietr1ch | 2025-11-27 16:07:50+00:00
I can't fathom how crazy it gets to model once you try to consider compilers, architectures, timings, temperatures, bit-flips & ECCs, cache misses, pseudo and "truly" random devices, threads, other processes, system load, I/O errors, networking.

To me it seems mandatory to work with some abstraction underneath that allows factoring a lot of different cases into a smaller set of possibilities that needs to be analysed.

It's also how we manage to think in a world where tiny little details do give you a likely insignificantly different world-state to think about.
by mewpmewp2 | 2025-11-27 16:07:52+00:00
Yeah, I think the 2nd type of relationship is much worse than no relationship, I'd say the problem there wouldn't be with someone being vulnerable, it's the problem with the relationship...

Yeah, during school it's difficult since you are forced together with potentially toxic people. As an adult you can choose at least in personal life and to an extent workplace, although sometimes workplace can also be difficult to get right.

I'd 100% rather be alone than around people who might judge or use in someway against me anything about me. It would feel internally disgusting for me to think that someone might be trying to get at my expense and that I'm not around people who are there to try and build each other. What a waste of time.
by wongarsu | 2025-11-27 16:08:25+00:00
It's also not immediately obvious to the uninitiated what should happen when you swap one asset for another, like when you trade DOGE for BTC. Or trade between BTC and a stablecoin, if you feel clever and think this avoids triggering capital gains.

Imho it's all just forex trading, but ask 3 tax authorities and you get at least 4 opinions so you really have to know the local rules
by Orygin | 2025-11-27 16:08:31+00:00
I should have been more precise: "If you train and distribute an AI model on this work, it must use the same license as the work".

Using AGPL as the base instead of GPL (where network access is distribution), any user of the software will have the rights to the source code of the AI model and weights.

My goal is not to impose more restrictions to the AI maker, but to guarantee rights to the user of software that was trained on my open source code.
by ChrisMarshallNY | 2025-11-27 16:09:05+00:00
Not sure if it's an endemic problem, just yet, but I expect it to be, soon.

For myself, I have been writing, all my life. I tend to write longform posts, from time to time[0], and enjoy it.

That said, I have found LLMs (ChatGPT works best for me) to be excellent editors. They can help correct minor mistakes, as long as I ignore a lot of their advice.

[0] https://littlegreenviper.com/miscellany/
by Aurornis | 2025-11-27 16:09:09+00:00
In my experience the SaaS unlimited abusers often aren’t even trying to do capitalism things. They’re just abusing the systems for the thrill of it.

They go on Reddit and brag and compete about doing useless things to store files on these services, like a competition. They’re bragging on HN about GitHub tools that force files into a non-file service and have rate limiters tuned to upload right at the server’s rate limit.

It’s not capitalism, it’s people thinking they’re winning points against capitalism by abusing a corporation. Even if that corporation is a small startup trying to offer a product on a small budget.
by dxdm | 2025-11-27 16:09:13+00:00
> or to a point in time in a particular physical location

But how does this not take the local time zone into account? For "time at location", the local time zone is by necessity always involved in conversions, isn't it? There's just a difference between the time zone being explicit in your data representation, or merely implied.

But you cannot with any sort of confidence assume a future "implied" time zone, which makes turning a future timestamp into a local time, even using a timezone-naive representation, into an usure proposition.

Maybe I'm simply not aware of specific conventions around this topic, though, hence my original question.
by somenameforme | 2025-11-27 16:09:40+00:00
> took an enormous physical toll on the body

Just a nitpick, but our bodies are meant for labor. You grow ever stronger and more capable over time. Amish, for an extreme example, work exceptionally hard and eschew most modern medicine and healthcare options, yet live very long and healthy lives with substantially lower rates of cancer and various other disease than the general population. * Sitting at a desk for 8+ hours a day, for decades, is what takes an enormous physical toll on the body.

* - I wanted to give a life expectancy here, but it turns out there is no particularly good life expectancy measurement for them. This [1] study is the closest I found, where it looks like the 50% survival rate for men/women who hit at least 30 years of age, is a bit higher than 80 for women, and a bit lower than 80 for men.

[1] - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3526600/
by LaGrange | 2025-11-27 16:10:35+00:00
I hate when people hijack progressive language - like in your case the language of accessibility - for cheap marketing and hype.

Writing is one of the most accessible forms of expression. We were living in a world where even publishing was as easy as imaginable - sure, not actually selling/profiting, but here’s a secret, even most bestselling authors have either at least one other job, or intense support from their close social circle.

What you do to write good is you start by writing bad. And you do it for ages. LLMs not only don’t help here, they ruin it. And they don’t help people write because they’re still not writing. It just derails people who might, otherwise, maybe start actually writing.

Framing your expensive toy that ruins everything as an accessibility device is absurd.
by padjo | 2025-11-27 16:10:35+00:00
If the goal of music is to induce an emotional or intellectual response in a person. Then only the listening person can decide if a response was induced and if that experience impacted them in a positive or negative way. It is the definition of a subjective experience.

The complexity of the music or the technical skill of the artist has nothing to do with it being good or bad. Music anywhere on the spectrum from simple ambient noise to symphonic formalism to simple and infectious can be good or bad based on the taste of the listener.
by thundergolfer | 2025-11-27 16:10:43+00:00
Ironically this post is written in a pretty bland, 'blogging 101' style that isn't enjoyable to read and serves just to preach a simple, consensus idea to the choir.

These kinds of posts regularly hit the top 10 on HN, and every time I see one I wonder: "Ok, will this one be just another staid reiteration of an obvious point?"
by titzer | 2025-11-27 16:11:01+00:00
It's kinda out of control. Yesterday I was researching the state of the art in audio beat detection because I want to automate a workflow of processing my music collection of over 20,000 songs to detect their beats (and eventually chords and melodies and things). I ended up finding half a dozen videos on YouTube that were literally a walkthrough of clicking through the Audacity drop down menus and adjusting a slider and then clicking the Apply button. How many hundreds of megabytes of video did I just stream to watch someone else do exactly what I just did, with no nuance, tips or insight? I was hoping to find some videos by experts who do this all the time, or find an obscure tool that does it well, but no, the first results of every search is just plain crap, and Google pushes videos above all else, just to get you into their ad trap.
by FridayoLeary | 2025-11-27 16:11:07+00:00
Success and greatness of historical figures do not mean they were moral heroes although people would like you to believe otherwise. King Example XIV of the 15th century might have been a really good guy but he never did anything so nobody knows or cares about him. His half brother and uncle killed him and invaded and subjugated 6 neighbouring states but was less bad then everyone else at the time so he's great and successful instead of a villain. I don't think there are rules, but i think anyone who generally advances progress instead of reversing it is considered great. Genghis Khan as far as i know didn't so he isn't. Julius Caesar did so he is.
by dostick | 2025-11-27 16:11:24+00:00
That has nothing to do with actual bad UX, those are made up UX… jokes? pranks? I don’t know how to call it.

But it shows a bigger problem: the generation of designers grew up on abhorrent design that Figma normalised. They don’t know what bad is, they won’t recognise bad. Only outrageous made-up UX “pranks” are bad to them. How about showing an actual bad UX of Figma on their podcast?

Lowering the plank towards a fantasy bad UX makes any UX above it good.
by starky | 2025-11-27 16:11:37+00:00
This is why I stated that the important part is sizing the machine for your use case. I use my NAS as far more than just a storage server, it also runs a couple VMs and about 20 docker containers all the time. Plus I've also got my Windows VM that I boot up for the few programs I use that don't have a Linux equivalent (which is also the only time the P4000 is working). That is much more different than comparing to just cloud storage.
by philipallstar | 2025-11-27 16:11:47+00:00
> I think the more interesting question is what would happen if we induced some kind of 2% "technological inflation" - every year it gets harder to make anything. Would that push more orgs to build more things? Everyone pours everything they have into making products now because their resources will go less far next year.

Government bonds already do this for absolutely everything. If I can put my money in a guaranteed bond at X%/year then your startup that's a risky investment has to make much better returns to make it worth my while. That's why the stock market is always chasing growth.
by krupan | 2025-11-27 16:12:00+00:00
"I feel like these distinctions are equivalent to

LLMs can make mistakes. Humans can't."

No, that's not it. The difference between humans and AI is that AI suffers no embarrassment or shame when it makes mistakes, and the humans enthusiastically using AI don't seem to either. Most humans experience a quick and viseral deterrent when they publish sloppy code and mistakes are discovered. AI, not at all. It does not immediately learn from its mistakes like most humans do.

In the rare case when there is a human that is consistently persistently confidently wrong like AI, a project can identify that person and easily stop wasting their time working with that person. With masses of people being told by the vocal AI shills how amazing AI is, projects can easily be flooded with confidently wrong aaI generated PRs.
by devilbunny | 2025-11-27 16:12:03+00:00
It was.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Chief_tablet

This exact product is referenced quite often in John Kennedy Toole’s hilarious A Confederacy of Dunces, set in New Orleans of the early 1960s. The main character, Ignatius J Reilly, is essentially a neckbeard stereotype.
by u_sama | 2025-11-27 16:12:31+00:00
A videogame had content removed because it doesn't respect a country's laws or mores. The principle is identical everywhere, only the ideological target changes. As an example Germany banned Command & Conquer: Generals in the early 2000s for depicting Iraq warfare during a politically sensitive moment. The EU bans "hate speech" games. China bans games "smearing China's image." Russia bans "extremism". It's the same state backed censorship mechanism, it is only when it is politically beneficial or when it becomes expedient (such as other nations who we treat as the enemy) it is deemed unacceptable.

The rubber law problem is the issue in all these cases: hate speech, extremism or whatever has no fixed definition. It expands when politically convenient, contracts when pressure shifts. Germany 2003: realistic warfare = too political, banned. Germany 2025: same content = acceptable. Russia's "extremism" law stretches to cover LGBTQ+ content, then anti-war speech, then opposition. The principle doesnt change. This article is not a libertarian "lets defend free speech" as much as a Western-centric activist publication.

You cannot logically claim "Russia's censorship is authoritarian oppression" while defending EU (or funnier, the UK authoritarian) hate speech laws as "democratic protection". Both are state-backed content suppression justified through protective rhetoric. The mechanism is identical. If censorship is legitimate when your preferred values are protected, you've simply chosen your censor, you haven't defended free speech.
by npteljes | 2025-11-27 16:13:10+00:00
In case anyone else is also interested in the "what kind of music", this is straight from the study:

>>The patients were asked to choose their preferred music from two prerecorded instrumental musical pieces instituted as the music therapy. We used non lyrical, soft, slow tempo, relaxing instrumental musical pieces of either flute [click here for audio]or piano [click here for audio]as the choices presented to the patient.The musical pieces were selected based on their slow and meditative tempo (60-100 beats per minute), and only non -lyrical instrumental piano or flute based versions were chosen.The flute version which was preferred by most patients was a combination of Raga Yaman and Raga Kirwani. Raga Yaman is bright and uplifting and Raga Kir wani is known for its soothing and calming effects. Combining these two Hindustani classical ragas provides musically uplifting qualities that could be helpful in reducing the stress associated with surgical procedures and control the hemodynamic responses to surgery. Noise cancelling headphoneswere used to play the instrumental pieces at 60db. The musical piece was played for the entire duration of the surgery on loop using blue tooth connectivity of the headphones with a mobile phone.<<
by PunchyHamster | 2025-11-27 16:13:17+00:00
Steam also blocks perfectly legal games from their platform based on vague rules; famously they blocked VNs that had no adult content whatsoever using same rules as they use for adult content.

at this point of the comment I wanted to google article on the VN it was about but it turned out they did it again, this time with horror game

https://www.gamesradar.com/games/horror/after-2-years-and-us...

> Really ironic, since it was the woke people that forced deplatforming of everyone who was not on their woke side and demanded they be banned from work and online platforms.

And everyone should've just said "no, fuck you" back then, as they should now but the issue here is not even related to that problem.

If country deems something illegal, the store can't sell it. Valve is not arbitrator of the law and as long as they limit enforcement of russian law to russian store, all is fine.

If you want to be angry about something Valve does, be angry about them still operating in russia in the first place.
by mentalgear | 2025-11-27 16:13:35+00:00
I've been thinking about this as well, especially in the context of historical precedents in terms of civilization/globalization/industrialization.

How LLMs standardize communication is the same way there was a standardization in empires expanding (cultural), book printing (language), the industrial revolution (power loom, factories, assembly procedures, etc).

In that process interesting but not as "scale-able" (or simply not used by the people in power) culture, dialects, languages, craftsmanship, ideas were often lost - and replaced by easier to produce, but often lesser quality products - through the power of "affordable economics" - not active conflict.

We already have the English 'business concise, buzzwordheavy language' formal messaging trained into chatGPT (or for informal the casual overexcited American), which I'm afraid might take hold of global communication the same way with advanced LLM usage.
by oconnor663 | 2025-11-27 16:13:38+00:00
> similar to what Bao encoding is used for in BLAKE3

In my mind Sakura and Bao are doing very different things. Sakura is a general framework for defining sound hash functions, while Bao is a BLAKE3-specific interleaving of hash function input and output that let's you do partial/streaming verification.

There was an interesting issue where it turned out that the Sakura security properties (which I studied while I was working on Bao, very helpful) weren't sufficient for what Bao wanted to do. I didn't realize that until a couple colleagues pointed it out years later. Luckily it didn't turn out to be a break in practice: https://github.com/oconnor663/bao/issues/41
by whs | 2025-11-27 16:13:45+00:00
On an unrooted Android you could use App Ops to do some of that with Shizuku.

I assume they don't expose it to users because once most people start to do that apps would start to implement detections, like if it spoof your location to a certain area then that area will get you "permission denied" error anyway, or I believe some apps do check that if your contact book is empty it assume you didn't give the permissions. It'd become a lot of work to implement a convincing spoof for most permissions to be blocked.
by array_key_first | 2025-11-27 16:14:01+00:00
> But they are reportedly at ~$4B in annualized revenue. That is not "giving away free stuff" to inflate metrics; that is the fastest-growing SaaS product in history.

Right, which is just not very impressive giving how much money they are burning.

> Open AI's unit economics are fine

I disagree, they lose massive amounts of money on every query.

The only way for OpenAI to make money off queries is to make it cost more, but that won't work because they have no moat, and cannot even create a moat because of how LLMs work. Again, the model itself or the interface is worthless, consumers only care about what it produces.

Google, Meta, et al. could trivially overthrow OpenAI in my view. Most users probably wouldn't even notice, because they use other interfaces on top of models.

I also think ads are a dead end. Consumers absolutely will not tolerate advertisements in their LLMs. No student is going to submit an essay which has obvious hints towards Bose making the best speakers. No programmer is going to write code that embeds a Java runtime because Oracle paid for OpenAI ad space. No artist is going to publish art that just so happens to contain lots of references to Coca Cola.

LLM chats are just not like other tools. If Google has ads, they can get in the way, but the core Google thing is not compromised. If an LLM has ads, I can no longer trust ANY of it's output, ever, and it's as good as worthless.

OpenAI might be tempted to do the dark pattern thing and hide their ads as much as possible, but I don't think that will work either. It's just not acceptable for the tool to do that, and I don't think consumers will be stupid enough to fall for it. Already, we are seeing online advertisement rapidly plummet in value due to the sheer volume and amount of scams.

Advertisers don't know that yet, but they will. Google might know it, but they certainly won't say it out loud. I can tell you right now, the average consumer has been so bombarded by shitty ads they've become masterminds. They expertly navigate around them, and elegantly ignore them in their peripheral vision. They know X, Y, Z is a scam. New advertisement mediums shake it up, for a bit, but then those die too. Metrics won't necessarily tell you that, because most users are robots so you wouldn't know.
by femiagbabiaka | 2025-11-27 16:14:10+00:00
I know that some folks dislike it, but Bluesky and atproto in particular have provided the perfect tools to achieve this. There are some people, largely those who migrated from Twitter, who mostly treat Bluesky like a all-liberal version of Twitter, which results in a predictably toxic experience, like bizarro-world Twitter. But the future of a less toxic social media is in there, if we want it. I've created my own feeds that allow topics I'm interested in and blacklist those I'm not -- I'm in complete control. For what it's worth, I've also had similarly pleasant experiences using Mastodon, although I don't have the same tools that I do on Bluesky.
by intended | 2025-11-27 16:14:18+00:00
I’ve realized that if you say that pro AI commenters are actually bot accounts, theres not really much that can be done to prove otherwise.

The discomfort and annoyance that sentence generates, is interesting. Being accused of being a bot is frustrating, while interacting with bots creates a sense of futility.

Back in the day when Facebook first was launched, I remember how I felt about it - the depth of my opposition. I probably have some ancient comments on HN to that effect.

Recently, I’ve developed the same degree of dislike for GenAI and LLMs.
by hombre_fatal | 2025-11-27 16:15:23+00:00
Transformation seems reasonable for that purpose. And if we were friends, I'd rather read your idiosyncratic raw output.

At some point, generation breaks a social contract that I'm using my energy and attention consuming something that another human spent their energy and attention creating.

In that case I'd rather read the prompt the human brain wrote, or if I have to consume it, have an LLM consolidate it for me.