MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by johnisgood | 2025-10-07 10:59:51+00:00
Yes, SPARK provides an explicit escape hatch, but it is meaningfully different from Rust's `unsafe`.

In SPARK: you keep the spec in the verifiable world (a SPARK-visible subprogram declaration) and place the implementation outside the proof boundary (for example in a body or unit compiled with `pragma SPARK_Mode(Off)`). The body is visible in source but intentionally opaque to the prover; callers are still proved against the spec and must rely on that contract.

In Rust: `unsafe` is a lexical, language-level scope or function attribute that disables certain compiler/borrow checks for the code inside the block or function. The unchecked code remains inline and visible; the language/borrow-checker no longer enforces some invariants there, so responsibility shifts to the programmer at the lexical site.

Practical differences reviewers should understand:

- Granularity: `unsafe` is lexical (blocks/functions); SPARK's hatch is modular/procedural (spec vs body).

- Visibility: Rust's unchecked code is written inline and annotated with `unsafe`; SPARK's unchecked implementation is placed outside the prover but the spec remains visible and provable.

- Enforcement model: Rust's safety holes are enforced/annotated by the compiler's type/borrow rules (caller and callee responsibilities are explicit at the site). SPARK enforces sound proofs on the interface; the off-proof body must be shown (by review/tests/docs) to meet the proven contract.

- Best practice: keep off-proof bodies tiny, give strong pre/postconditions on the SPARK spec, minimize the exposed surface, and rigorously review and test the non-SPARK implementation.

TL;DR: `unsafe` = "this code block bypasses language checks"; SPARK's escape hatch = "this implementation is deliberately outside the prover, but the interface is still what we formally prove against."
by eimrine | 2025-10-07 11:00:26+00:00
It is a great article about some historical aspects of the things I have never used even once, so for the layman it is hard to remember who is Jonny, who is Alan and who is Scott. I have an opinion that proprietary software is absolutely bad, so from my opinion it is decent that the useds of snoop-phone have to suffer, no matter who did what.

And I do not understand the passage about why the third-party's "apps" are not Apple's apps. If the developers pay every year for using Apple's SDK and the "apps" do not run on non-Apple iron and it is well-known about relations between Apple and the walled garden approaches, so isn't it unnatural?
by bilekas | 2025-10-07 11:00:39+00:00
> How are all Russians in Lithuania or Estonia responsible for the deeds of the Russian government? Or Russians in England?

It's not about Russian people, you assumed that. There are well known connections between any company doing business in or with Russia who are basically extorted to hand over all information about customers or financials to the government. This is no secret.

If any company is working from or with Russian ties, you can assume the government will have access to that data. Given the sensitive nature of VPN's, antivirus software, deployed software in general, its completely fair to say you don't want to work with people with ties in Russia. I'm the same. You're conflating things, and then throwing in some 'what-about-ism' for good measure. Nothing but an argument will come from this discussion so it's not welcome here. You could try your hand on Twitter.
by metalman | 2025-10-07 11:01:09+00:00
Must be warm. From my east coast perspective Vancouver and the rest of the coast seemed very warm and mild in the early 90's. It snowed once in Vancouver, but it didn't hit the ground, I layed on the sidewalk and watched as the snow flakes melted and vannished in the air just before they hit the ground, saw something similar in Murree up in the hills north of Islamibad. Heatwave on the east coast as well. Here is a daily updated SST (sea surface temp)chart

https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/products/ocean/sst/contour/index.h...
by perching_aix | 2025-10-07 11:03:13+00:00
I also watch like half a dozen shows every season, and have been for more than a decade too. Pretty much the only scandal I actively recall is the Dragon Maid one, and even that was so long ago that at this point you could convince me that was the dub not the sub being "creative". Even saying "a few times" is just me granting the idea validity, rather than me actually remembering more.

That link is exclusively about manga translations at a skim btw, which I'll admit I know nothing about. Stopped reading any a long time ago.

> At least AI aren't narcissistically spitting in your face when circle jerking on social media about "fixing" art for the greater good.

Isn't this also a voice actor thing? I mostly remember these with regards to EN gacha game voice actors (US EN specifically).
by alexdoesstuff | 2025-10-07 11:03:39+00:00
This is primarily a story of a failure to supervise the creation of the report, rather than anything related to AI.

The role of the outsourced consultancy in such a project is to make sure the findings withstand public scrutiny. They clearly failed on this. It's quite shocking that the only consequence is a partial refund rather than a review of any current and future engagements with the consultancy due to poor performance.

There shouldn't be a meaningful difference if the error in the report is minor or consequential for the finding, or if it is introduced by poorly used AI or a caffeinated up consultant in a late-night session.
by DinoGNF | 2025-10-07 11:03:56+00:00
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by grues-dinner | 2025-10-07 11:04:25+00:00
"It might be useful some day"

If it's iron or aluminium, someone probably will pay silly (Earth) money for it on the Moon during early colonisation, but maybe not right at the start when there's no bandwidth it facilities for recycling scrap. Right up until the bigger regolith smelters come online.

The box of pre-loved Beanie Babies, perhaps also quite valuable: who knows how much hydrocarbons will be worth in early lunar colonies. Carbon isn't especially abundant in regolith (compared to silicon, aluminium, iron, etc) and has to be baked out as gases. Though I still doubt you'd have takers if the shipping isn't included...
by asdboch | 2025-10-07 11:04:31+00:00
Could you recommend any good books, video series, blogs, or other training for those that who need to understand fonts at your level professionally? Or maybe you could write one?

I know someone that is trying to break into this space but doesn’t have the past experience, and it’s almost impossible to catch up. I’d love to provide them with a resource.

In defense of Comic Sans, it’s not just for realtor pages. It can be effective for local, casual communication by appearing friendly and approachable. If I saw a flyer pinned to a corkboard advertising a fish and chips special in Comic Sans in a seaside town, my mouth would be watering, because I’d know that’s a mom and pop place that focuses more on the food and taking care of people than the marketing.
by amiga386 | 2025-10-07 11:04:56+00:00
Bazzite -> Community & Docs -> FAQ

https://docs.bazzite.gg/General/FAQ/#what-is-the-difference-...

> Bazzite originally was developed for the Steam Deck targeting users who used their Steam Deck as their primary PC. Bazzite is a collection of custom Fedora Atomic Desktop images built with Universal Blue's tooling (with the power of OCI) as opposed to using an Arch Linux base with A/B updates utilizing RAUC. The main advantages of Bazzite versus SteamOS is receiving system packages in updates at a much faster rate and a choice of an alternative desktop environment.

It is a Linux distribution, that aims to compete with Valve's SteamOS Linux distribution supplied with the Steam Deck (which itself is based on Arch Linux). Like SteamOS, it can be used on a regular desktop PC as well... but they are mainly aiming to run on the Steam Deck:

https://docs.bazzite.gg/General/FAQ/#is-this-another-fringe-...

> The purpose of Bazzite is to be Fedora Linux, but provide a great gaming experience out of the box while also being an alternative operating system for the Steam Deck and other handheld devices.

Effectively they have taken Fedora Linux, and added to it the same sort of setup and programs that you get out-of-the-box with SteamOS as well.

For the most part, it is not the people offering Bazzite that are doing the hard job of providing security updates, etc., they are hoping that being based on Fedora will provide that assurance. They merely supply and configure some extras on top (e.g. the Steam client software)
by daemin | 2025-10-07 11:05:07+00:00
It's because phones are not single devices these days they're a (restricted) general purpose computer, that fits into your pocket, and does not use physical input devices. The software is geared towards it being this way rather than it being a communications device where you use for calls and text messages.

It doesn't help that the user interface changes every year or two so every time there's an "upgrade" you get confused and need to re-learn how it should be used. Or that on every update there's a slew or dark patterns designed to cost you money or privacy, or both. (This applies to computer operating systems as well which further reinforces the fact that a phone is a computer and not a dedicated device.)

It's also unfortunate that you cannot ever decide to stop using a mobile phone, as many essential services like banking and government require you to have one. So you're stuck using one for the rest of your life wether you like it or not.
by atmosx | 2025-10-07 11:06:24+00:00
At the government level, it’s mostly driven by ideology. I never came across a situation where a service improved after being "liberalized". Never. Not once. It is always end up in a combo of: poorer quality and (much) higher cost.

I’ve seen too many cases where people suffer the consequences of their own ideas being implemented (large or lower scale), convinced that if we just turn this knob a little more, it’ll finally work. Because of that, I don’t spend much energy on them anymore.
by dataviz1000 | 2025-10-07 11:06:34+00:00
Michel H. Devoret, Chief Scientist at Google Quantum AI, and in April 2020 John M. Martinis resigned from Google after being reassigned to an advisory role. [0]

Sounds like there was some politics shenanigans between them where Martinis was moved into a useless role and took the hint at the height of covid lockdown.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Devoret
by rsolva | 2025-10-07 11:07:10+00:00
The early internet was created and inhabited by nerds, which praticed playful creativity on interdependent networks and open protocols. Cooperation and collaboration was at the core.

Then the creeps arrived, drunk on sudden power and the promise of quick cash, and started capturing and consolidating online activity into 'platforms', or walled gardens if you will. These where void of the creative expression of the free and open web and streamlined every interaction into a very narrow and neatly defined world.

These creeps started abusing their power early on to snoop on peoples activity, pictures and conversations — which would be viewed as totally unacceptable behavior in the offline world — and went on to build the worlds most sinister and cynical manipulation machine.

Creeps are antithetical to the spirit of the early internet and the open web and they are actively working agains the ethos of open protocols and playful creativity!
by whyoh | 2025-10-07 11:07:40+00:00
That's not a fair take. The only things I noticed that were missing out of the box are the MS Store and some Dolby codecs. Both of those can be installed easily.

I estimate that 95% of people would be fine with Windows 10 21H2 LTSC. The 5% might miss some 3rd party software that requires version 22H2 to run (just because it's the latest, not for any technical reasons).
by sudahtigabulan | 2025-10-07 11:08:00+00:00
> Though most of the software do the right thing by checking if the standard output is an actual tty (isatty) to avoid colors when redirecting to something else (e.g. socket, fifo, etc).

NO_COLOR is orthogonal to the isatty suppression.

NO_COLOR ensures that colors are off even when stdout is not redirected.

For example, when you have poor vision, poor quality display, or sit near a window, (or worse – a combination of these) the colored parts of the output might have lower contrast, low enough to make them impossible to read.
Show HN: Possible World Wikis – fictional, generative wikis
by ruthvik947 | 2025-10-07 11:08:04+00:00
Hi HN; posted about this earlier but bungled the signup/welcome screens and then ran out of llm credits, so here I am again: PWW is a basic app you can use to build and explore LLM/procedurally-generated fictional wikis/worlds. It maintains a worldbuilding history/model so the wiki-world stays somewhat coherent. Hope you find it fun!
by erlkonig | 2025-10-07 11:08:09+00:00
I can't really enjoy an article on CSS where the third thing he does is to override the USER'S PREFERRED FONT SIZE.

Arrogant.

But not as bad as those jerks that use smaller and smaller, progressively lower contrast text as the actual content gets more important. Huge readable repetitive headings, microfiche gray-on-gray for the stuff that mattered.
by ileonichwiesz | 2025-10-07 11:10:06+00:00
The difference is that the stuff you buy “on the spot” is tested by locals in that environment. In my experience, I got my favourite rain gear from a local store in a place where it rains a lot, and the best mountain gear in a town that’s actually in the mountains. Online shopping, even with lots of research, can only take you so far.

Also, these things make great souvenirs. Every time I wear my merino wind buff, I think of that little Irish town on the Atlantic coast where I bought it, and how wet and windy it was.
by vladvasiliu | 2025-10-07 11:10:27+00:00
> that sounds like a (graphics driver) bug.

It wouldn't surprise me, although this is a bog-standard-fare enterprise laptop, a 5 year-old full Intel affair. No dedicated GPU or anything fancy.

But, for a long time, I had weird issues with display output on Windows. It would refuse to output 4k@60Hz without doing a stupid plug-unplug-replug-just-at-the-right-time dance, even though it worked on Linux. It took a good 3 years for that to work reliably.

And, in the beginning, those 5k screens only worked at 4k for some reason. Again, no issue on Linux.

But when any of the above situations happened, the state was actually correctly reported, as in 4k@30 Hz, or the 5k screen running at 4k. That's not the case now, everything says what it should, but the image is not sharp.

That's the only situation where I use Windows with scaling, so don't have any easy way of figuring which component is broken. All I can say is that the hardware itself seems to work fine.
by InMice | 2025-10-07 11:10:31+00:00
I think to just brush over surgery fixing a malloclusion as "cosmetic" as if it's kind of a trite thing just doesnt seem right. There's definitely risks since there's a lot of nerves that can get botched in jaw surgeries causing different problems.

I can tell you tho I would never consider it just so superficial. A lot of unconscious behavior happens based on facial symmetry that is hard wired into us. Malloclusions can effect breathing especially at night (some problems that will only surface later in life when options to fix limited by your age), the way other parts of your face look such as the nose, oral health, long term root problems, uneven wear etc etc

I had a doctor that just shrugged his shoulders and said the same thing to me. I wish id had a doctor that pressed me a little to really think about the long term picture when I had the chance.

If theres already problems like pain etc then obviously the justification is more than cosmetic.

I dont know if you are still young enough I would reconsider. I think in general overbites are still more bearable than under.
by mlrtime | 2025-10-07 11:11:08+00:00
It depends on the industry... go to any (non-ms based) tech company and every developer will want a mac. Nobody will chose windows if asked.

Other less developer related companies are moving more towards mac as well.

This is just my anecdote between being in/out of tech for the last 25 years and have gone from: "Here is your windows laptop" to "Do you want windows or macos" to "here is your macbook"

Now, if they would just give us the Max.
by sys_64738 | 2025-10-07 11:11:09+00:00
Loud ads were a staple of TV commercials for cars and trucks. Probably to wake you up. The only time I ever have ads I mute the TV and look at the walls. I only see ads during local news broadcasts on OTA TV signal. I adblock on the internet and don't do subscriptions. I rarely see ads which is the right thing. Ads waste your time and 30 secs seeing an ad is 30 secs less you have to live.
by Eddy_Viscosity2 | 2025-10-07 11:11:21+00:00
This is the thing. Its much less expensive to have these sorts of knowledge employees on government staff who just do this sort of work all the time, but governments prefer to spend more (much much more) on contractors. I suspect its partly because they are always wanting to announce down-sizing initiatives to appease the right, but I think more cynically, its because contractors will more reliably give them the 'right answer' than career civil servants and there's also the potential for kickbacks. Some of those profits paid to contractor companies might find their way back into campaign contributions.
by pelagicAustral | 2025-10-07 11:11:50+00:00
Looks very comfy, I am glad there is so many new alternatives to manage deployments a la Heroku. I remember even back in 2018 it was hard to find any good options to beat Heroku's level of functionality.

I made a Dokku wrapper myself and manage my deployments that way, I'm pretty happy about it these days, but again it's nice to see more alternatives in the wild.
by bluehatbrit | 2025-10-07 11:13:45+00:00
Yeah, I've come to realise that this is much more of a hobby for people than a genuine lifestyle.

I think YouTube has caused a big increase in this. One bag, EDC, Ultralight - the videos are all completely the same. "Here's a bunch of things I just bought, and here's a bunch of things I've used for a month and am throwing away". With YouTube they can get paid to do it though, and get to add a new dimension to their hobby which lets them connect with others.

As you say, all of this is fine. I certainly can't cast judgement either, I for sure have my own issues with over-consumption.
by xmcqdpt2 | 2025-10-07 11:13:49+00:00
In Canada the problem has mainly been that the government aren’t allowed or willing to pay software engineers enough to compete with industry, but they are allowed to spend seemingly arbitrary amounts of money on services provided by external firms.

To give an idea, we have a big scandal right now related to IBM and other contractors charging the Quebec government a lot of money for defective software for the car licensing and insurance website (SAAQClic). The final cost of the SAP based product was 1.1B CAD$. Meanwhile, they hired a new head of digital services at SAAQ, a job that would involve potentially dealing with future fallout from that fiasco, in addition to new projects etc. The posted salary range was 140k - 180k CAD$. I know many engineers in Quebec working on eg standard web applications etc making more money than that! They aren’t leading 1B$ product development!
by d3Xt3r | 2025-10-07 11:13:49+00:00
My experience is kinsa similar to yours, started around 98/99 with Red Hat and Mandrake. Linux was just so clunky at the time. I could never take it seriously, having to compile the kernel for getting something basic going was not very fun. Although it was pretty fun trying out all the various distros that would come on free CDs bundled with computer magazines (remember those?!).

I was in fact playing around with several alternate OSes at the time, and the ones which really impressed me the most were QNX and BeOS. I absolutely loved QNX for being so performant - especially at multitasking, was smooth as butter my humble 450MHz PIII. QNX solved the desktop interactivity problem more than two *decades* before Linux did, and I think that's pretty damn impressive. And BeOS blew me away with its multimedia performance.

It wasn't until Windows 7 came out, that I decided to switch to Linux full time (started with SuSE, then Fedora and switched to Arch a few years later). Basically my reason for switching was because I wasn't eligible for Microsoft's student discount and I couldn't afford to pay the full price for 7, and I was actually really looking forward to it and really wanted to buy it instead of pirating it, thinking I could get the student discount... but no. I got really ticked off at Microsoft and decided to just format my PC and switch to Linux for good.
by dotnet00 | 2025-10-07 11:13:52+00:00
Plex, as a business, is already in a tough spot because it's mostly used to stream pirated media, and if they make too many overt moves towards making piracy easier, media companies might start going after them.

Thus all the stuff to haphazardly integrate streaming services. Selling it as a preconfigured kit might be risky.
by bloggie | 2025-10-07 11:14:11+00:00
This perspective reminds me that when people ask, oh you grow your own food and have food animals, it's like living off grid? their perspective is that farms get their input from the ground and sky, but this hasn't been true in centuries. there are many high-tech inputs for all types of modern farming, such as chemicals (even if they are organic chemicals), fuel, machinery, seeds, infrastructure, knowledge, financial instruments, and a market. in order to live off-grid, first you must invent the universe...