MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by beAbU | 2025-10-02 14:42:05+00:00
When I was about 10-12 for a school science fair I built a device called a "photophone" [1] - one of Bell's lesser known inventions.

Basically, a filament flashlight is modified so that a magnetic coil was placed in series. An audio source is then fed through a second coil -- I can't remember the exact details of how this worked. The audio source was one of those fisher price sing-along tape players that I also modified I think. The tape was Abba.

On the other end, a cheapo solar cell was hooked up to a small kit amplifier and then you could hear the audio on a pair of headphones.

This was in 2002 ish, so fibre optics was a thing, but it was basically sci-fi for a scrappy kid in southern Africa. My whole spiel was how this was the precursor to fibre optics, and how one day all communications will be done using light in stead of electrons.

Fun times!

[1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophone [2] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxlWrqioifg
by aidenn0 | 2025-10-02 14:42:15+00:00
1. Once you know how to make a hot enough furnace, iron is cheaper to make than bronze. Instead of finding copper and tin ore separately, you just need red rocks and a whole lot of trees. Quantity can trump quality.

2. There was steel in use already prior to 1000BC. High Carbon steel was being produced in both Europe and Asia by 400 BC. When people say "the iron age" it includes the usage of steel (which is mostly iron).
by alephnerd | 2025-10-02 14:42:43+00:00
Poland isn't the only country in the CEE.

Try visiting Czechia sometime. That's where exploit dev is largely consolidated thanks to the OS dev teams MS and RedHat offshored there decades ago plus Avast which developed a OS dev and detections engineering pipeline, and the Israeli FDI boom that started a decade ago to take advantage of that.

Poland's scene is mostly Incident Response and SOC, but the Polish talent pool has started climbing up the ladder.
by salomon812 | 2025-10-02 14:42:53+00:00
You know, my honest but also meta answer is that I don't know the answer to your question.

There's a lot to unpack here and I don't know you well enough to give personalized advice. But this problem kinda requires personalized advice.

> in a way that doesn’t make it seem like I can’t be trusted that I know what I’m doing.

Why do you feel this way? I can think of several possibilities:

1.) You really really want the ability to know the answer instantly. While your mind know that's not reasonable, your heart is disappointed. As a result, your body language sends the message you don't know what you're doing.

2.) Verbal interactions are tough and you're looking for the right canned phrase that will give you time to think. However, that canned phrase sounds practiced, and people mistake it for a canned i-dont-care response.

3.) You want to people to understand why you don't instantly have an answer. As a result, you provide far too much justification, which winds up sounding guilty.

Personally, I have had great success with encounters where I absolutely don't know the answer, and I barely know where to start. Charlie asks me a question. I reply "I don't know, but Bob might know!" We ask Bob, and he doesn't want to be bothered, but he does know that Fred should know the answer. We then go to Fred, and I pay attention as the other two talk. I learn about Fred, a new topic, and Charlie winds up thanking me the most. In the future, Charlie comes to me first instead of Bob or Fred, and I wind up learning more than Bob and Fred put together.

It wasn't about how I said it, it was about putting in the effort to be present. And then people remembered I'd actually put the effort in.
by earless1 | 2025-10-02 14:42:58+00:00
In the situations you mentioned, it doesn't seem the end goal is to be 100% correct about things. Approaching these situations with a curious mindset is key. You may be able to provide a set of options that encompass your understanding of the thing being asked without pinning yourself down to a specific outcome. Once you've allowed folks to understand the potential options, you can tell them you can get back to them with specifics and understanding of implications.
by jacknews | 2025-10-02 14:43:35+00:00
I don't think it's that obvious, in fact the 'bitter lesson' teaches us that simple scale leads to qualitative, not just quantitative improvement.

It does look like this is now topping out, but it's still not sure.

It seems to me a couple of simple innovations, like the transformer, could quite possibly lead to AGI, and the infrastructure would 'light up' like all that overinvested dark fiber in the 90s.
Show HN: Fragno – Toolkit for building full-stack libraries
by WilcoKruijer | 2025-10-02 14:43:37+00:00
Hi HN, I’ve been building 'Fragno', a toolkit for building full-stack TypeScript libraries that work seamlessly across frameworks like Next.js and SvelteKit.

Traditional libraries are built to integrate on either the frontend or backend. Glue code ends up being re-implemented for every project: API routes, documentation (OpenAPI), client-side integration, etc.

With Fragno, you can write libraries that include API routes and client-side hooks/logic. Users can integrate a Fragno library into their application with just a couple of lines of code. This embeds the API routes and lets them immediately use the library’s functionality from the frontend.

A Fragno library integrates end-to-end: type-safe from reactive hook to backend logic. It supports React, Vue, Svelte, Next.js, React Router, Nuxt, SvelteKit, and more.

The need for a full-stack library came up as I was building Recivo (my last Show HN). I wanted to integrate a simple AI/LLM chatbot that could help navigate the dashboard and fill in forms. I wanted to build it so it could integrate not only with my React Router-based app but also with apps built with different full-stack frameworks.

I believe this all could be useful for API-first companies wanting to onboard users quickly, or building frameworks such as Better Auth (which was an inspiration in building this).

It’s early days. I’d love to hear what use cases people come up with. Let me know what you think!

Code is at https://github.com/rejot-dev/fragno
by vevoe | 2025-10-02 14:43:52+00:00
Yup yup basically this. Being consistent is great but I'll be pedantic and say the key is actually following up and then also being right.

As far as how to do it confidently? The same way you say "that is a tree" when you're looking at a tree. You're 100% sure you don't know, just say it. The rest is probably in your head. That's been my experience at least.
by someothherguyy | 2025-10-02 14:43:55+00:00
> There's always more jobs to do and there are always some other equilibrium points.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooverville

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_in_Venezuela

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_Zimbabwe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Brazil#Sta...
by infinet | 2025-10-02 14:44:04+00:00
Exactly! Few people may care about climate or whether energy is clean, but I'd argue that for most people, the cost is more important. My friend in Shanghai owns a BYD EV. The electricity cost is equivalent to around 2 Liters of gasoline per 100 km. That’s more than 100 MPG. If he charges during the night hours when electricity costs only half, he gets 200 MPG!
by mmh0000 | 2025-10-02 14:44:07+00:00
This is pretty funny in a dark way.

They gave experimental commands full access to their private data. Data deletion is, in fact, the least concerning outcome here.

On the bright side, this is a solid reminder to maintain proper backups.

If this happened to me, I'd just restore from backup and be back up in 20 minutes. That said, I avoid this scenario entirely by running agents in isolated VMs and only mounting the specific directories they need access to.
by ozgrakkurt | 2025-10-02 14:44:07+00:00
This is why parquet is becoming standard even though it is suboptimal and every single high performance db has its own internal format.

If you need optimized format you do it yourself, if you need standard you use w/e else is using unless it is too bad.

These new formats seem like they would only be useful as research to build on when creating a specific tool or database
by toomuchtodo | 2025-10-02 14:44:20+00:00
Search for DEXA/DXA scan facilities (low dose X-ray exposure). If you're referring to at home testing, devices exist that use electrical current to provide rough measurements (think body fat measurement capability on weight scales), but accuracy is inherently limited. An MRI is the only non radiation high accuracy measurement technique at this time.

Perhaps an opportunity to sell spare MRI time paired with ML for providing this product?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-energy_X-ray_absorptiomet...

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5771660/
by intactsolutions | 2025-10-02 14:44:21+00:00
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by ripe | 2025-10-02 14:44:25+00:00
Good point. The article does acknowledge this aspect, but it notes one important thing that was true in the 1950s and is no longer true:

> The business world of the 1950s and 1960s was a clubby, inbred place and its apotheosis was the boardroom — especially the bank boardroom. The country’s biggest banks populated their boards with chief executives from a wide range of industries in order to keep tabs on the economy. When they gathered around a conference table, the executives tended to agree on matters large and small.

This establishment had many bad aspects, including racism and sexism, but the result was a unified front, and they couldn't be bullied so easily by an out-of-control president.

This all changed with shareholder capitalism, with every company for itself. As a result, they can no longer stand up to Trump.
by homebrewer | 2025-10-02 14:44:36+00:00
You must have very clean air already if such a puny fan would be able to keep particulate levels within acceptable limits. In winter, my Xiaomi purifier with a quite powerful turbine fan (or whatever those things are called — they're optimized for pushing air through dense filters) is barely able to keep PM2.5 within 5-10 micrograms on max speed (with doors and windows closed). A PC fan would make approximately zero difference, on or off.
by HankStallone | 2025-10-02 14:44:42+00:00
Same here. I'm a fast typist, so the effort and slowness of pen and paper make me think more about what I'm writing. My longhand notes make me feel more like I've really gotten the thoughts out of my head and examined them and can stop stressing about them, which is funny since I'm more likely to lose the paper notes than if I typed them into a file which would automatically be backed up. So it's more about the process of writing for me than the recording.

And despite being slower, I'll often find that I've knocked out a couple pages pretty quickly once I get started. Getting started is the hard part.
by gfody | 2025-10-02 14:45:05+00:00
some apps, when allowed to run in the background, cause a multi-second delay in global hotkeys. this happened on 10 too but 11 pushes way more apps by default so it's more likely to hit. you can hunt down the culprit and remove its permission to run in the background or just deny them all (I've yet to experience a negative consequence from that)
by federiconigro_ | 2025-10-02 14:45:22+00:00
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by gruez | 2025-10-02 14:45:25+00:00
>They need DRM thing ASAP.

I'm aware of zero DRMs that use TPM, despite being a DRM boogeyman for over a decade. Meanwhile there are plenty of actual DRMs that use HDCP and SGX and there's not a peep about those technologies. Moreover the war on DRM is basically over, for both sides. Smart TVs and streaming boxes (eg. fire TV stick) are ubiquitous enough that basically everyone uses those devices for playback, rather than bothering with the hassle of plugging in their laptop and dealing with the fickle DRM experience on PCs. For the tiny minority that wants to watch on their PCs, 4K rips are ubiquitous enough that nobody bothers watching the official DRM encumbered version.
by JohnFen | 2025-10-02 14:45:29+00:00
That's a very misleading way to phrase it. The EU didn't mandate these banners. The EU mandated getting permission from users before a site can use tracking cookies. Sites that don't use those kinds of cookies don't need to do a thing.

Sites started putting the banners up in part because they didn't want to stop tracking users, and in part to make things annoying enough to users to try to get people angry about efforts to help people protect themselves.
by lanstin | 2025-10-02 14:45:39+00:00
All this advice is correct, but these questions also show an opportunity to build tools to make answering some types of questions in resl time easy.

So I have written scripts to check out all repos under a given org for github, so I pre clone before meeting with them. For questions like how much of the site is such and such a thing, I wrote a thing to run some spark jobs over our logs every week or so and add some nice meta data and show it in a tabular portable and filter able format. I have even generalized the spark thing so I can answer many many questions from the logs in a day.

I tell people when I don't know, but I enhance my ability to find out (and then try to get teams to productize similar tools when I think it is of general value)

Truth be told, Claude code excels at these sorts of tools, much more than at production high thru put applications.
by simonw | 2025-10-02 14:45:44+00:00
Here are 55 closed PRs in the curl repo which credit "sarif data" - I think those are the ones Daniel is talking about here https://github.com/curl/curl/pulls?q=is%3Apr+sarif+is%3Aclos...

This is notable given Daniel Stenberg's reports of being bombarded by total slop AI-generated false security issues in the past: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/danielstenberg_hackerone-curl...

Concerning HackerOne: "We now ban every reporter INSTANTLY who submits reports we deem AI slop. A threshold has been reached. We are effectively being DDoSed. If we could, we would charge them for this waste of our time"

Also this from January 2024: https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2024/01/02/the-i-in-llm-stands-f...
by vunderba | 2025-10-02 14:46:01+00:00
As someone who also juggles (literally and figuratively) a dozen hobbies, I call this learning by "teetering on the edge". It's not just about being curious. It's about constantly figuring out unorthodox ways of challenging the same skill.

You want to force yourself to the very precipice of uncomfortableness. This is an ongoing process since our brains are designed to ruthlessly optimize any skill that you are learning.

Let me give an actual specific example. When I was a teenager I became interested in learning the piano. I quickly found myself plateauing where sheet reading was concerned. In an effort to scale the difficulty up, I used to take the organ sheet music from our local church and try to play it on the fly on a piano. The challenge? There is an extra bottom staff representing the notes to be played on the pedals - thus you had to transpose that bottom staff up while you were playing and merge them together in a pianistic manner.

Another example? I used to play a LOT of Tetris for the NES. As soon as I could feel my internal system optimizing - I wrote a tiny little program that would use text-to-speech to read out random arithmetic problems that I would try to answer while playing. I remember the first time I tried this it felt like somebody had poured miracle-gro on the dendritic trees within my mind.
by alistairSH | 2025-10-02 14:46:19+00:00
Does Israel have a government structure that allows for a counter-majoritarian government?

In the US, we do... due to the structure of the Senate and Electoral College, low population states wield outsize influence on national politics. This goes as far as allowing the election of a president with <50% national support. Add in political gerrymandering (setting electrical districts to constrain the influence of certain demographics), and we have a national government that's opposed to policies that have wide support across the population in general.
by m0llusk | 2025-10-02 14:46:29+00:00
Unfortunate that there is so much focus on treatment of advanced symptoms. Cataracts may be caused in part by metabolic disease which can be detected and treated before cataracts develop. Kind of reminds me of how my great grandfather wouldn't pay for his children or grandchildren to go to the dentist because they would lose all their teeth by their mid twenties anyway.
by ratelimitsteve | 2025-10-02 14:46:32+00:00
For this to be the CEO of Ford in particular is interesting because this is part of their founding narrative. Whether it holds up to historical scrutiny isn't something I can answer but the lore is that Henry Ford purposely paid more than market for his laborers with the idea that he'd get his pick and then those workers would then buy Fords with that money because they knew they were the best cars built by the best workers with the most experience because they stayed at Ford their whole careers.
by caconym_ | 2025-10-02 14:46:48+00:00
Even this is a charitable description of what they did. It seems like it was more of a data exfiltration play, forcing their way into agencies' IT departments with armed thugs and scraping data to be joined and shared with ICE, etc. Possibly the Russians if that one whistleblower is to be believed.

I don't think the EU needs anything of the sort!
by Cthulhu_ | 2025-10-02 14:46:51+00:00
It's been tried a number of times already though, robotics companies have been around for decades, Sony, Boston Dynamics, Hyundai and many others are already in the space (and some of those are on the stonks market). I don't think it'll become any bigger than what it is. Also since many have tried to make it hype already, Tesla being the latest.
by neuphonic | 2025-10-02 14:47:00+00:00
We’ve just released Neuphonic TTS Air, a lightweight open-source speech foundation model under Apache 2.0.

The main idea: frontier-quality text-to-speech, but small enough to run in realtime on CPU. No GPUs, no cloud APIs, no rate limits.

Why we built this: - Most speech models today live behind paid APIs → privacy tradeoffs, recurring costs, and external dependencies. - With Air, you get full control, privacy, and zero marginal cost. - It enables new use cases where running speech models on-device matters (edge compute, accessibility tools, offline apps).

Repo: https://github.com/neuphonic/neutts-air

Would love feedback from HN on performance, applications, and contributions.
by tedggh | 2025-10-02 14:47:30+00:00
It’s pretty obvious ads are targeted everywhere today, you search for Adidas running shoes and you expect to see running shoes ads in YouTube, Instagram, Amazon and pretty much every single platform with an ad revenue model. It’s not a subtle, subliminal thing buried into text nudging you into buying shoes, but very evident, pretty much your exact search query transformed into highly visual content. I would be shocked if I know someone under 60 that does not know this.
by Workaccount2 | 2025-10-02 14:47:48+00:00
The problem isn't that Europe is living in the stone age, clearly they aren't. The problem is that they are living in the modern age entirely on the back of foreign tech. Chinese hardware running American software. Industry running on American energy, and protection totally reliant on American defense (the US spent more money per capita in Ukraine than the EU did...). This doesn't even factor in generous welfare programs that will need to be funded by a shrinking population(!) that doesn't have cutting edge skills anymore.

Europe decided to vacation for the last 30 years rather than go to work. The fruit of the post-war era was bountiful, and bank accounts were healthy, so why not take time off? Stone age is not a good way to describe Europe today, but over the next 10-20 years it very well may become more appropriate. European leaders are keenly aware of this, but man is it hard to convince the kids that they need to end their vacation, especially when it is all they have ever known.
by Cthulhu_ | 2025-10-02 14:48:23+00:00
True, most of the tasks can be done with off-the-shelf hardware already. But single task robotics is already a solved problem, what the humanoid robots are about is multi-task, aimed at replacing the tasks that still require human hands / legs / eyes / brains / etc.

But I think most of those can be replaced by existing robotics as well anyway. I mean take car manufacturing, over time more and more humans were replaced by robots, and nowadays the newest car factories are mostly automated (see lights-out manufacturing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lights_out_(manufacturing)). Interestingly a Japanese robot factory has been lights-out since 2001, where they can run for 30 days on end without any lights, humans, heating or cooling.
by delusional | 2025-10-02 14:48:37+00:00
> But I think every web designer knows that putting even the slightest barrier between the user and the content drives away vast numbers of people.

I have a pet theory that these business models paper over the vast worthlessness of many modern technologies. That the value of Facebook is not in it's technologies or network, but rather in the arbitrage of the value of data when combined. We pay for the nearly worthless service of facebook, with our nearly worthless data. Facebook combines that data with other data from other people, and create data that is extremely valuable for advertisers.

The important bit of this theory is that Facebook is presumed nearly worthless. What that means is that outlawing their combining or collection of data from users wouldn't cause their service to transition to a pay-per-user model, but rather would completely dissolve the product, which nobody would miss.
by y0eswddl | 2025-10-02 14:48:43+00:00
I think the reason ads are so prolific now is because the pay-to-play model doesn't work well at such large scales... Ads seem to be there only way to make the kind of big money LLM investors will demand.

I don't think you're wrong re: their hope to hook people and get us all used to using LLMs for everything, but I suspect they'll just start selling ads like everyone else.