MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by rcxdude | 2025-10-21 12:45:53+00:00
Yeah, spinning at a constant rate with an encoder for triggering would probably be a bit more consistent. But potentially more of a mechanical headache. And he does need a pretty big mirror due to being limited by the amount of light he can focus on the sensor, I'm not sure that there are galvos available with such a large area (especially for a reasonable price).
by estearum | 2025-10-21 12:46:06+00:00
Fine print in contracts can't override and totally negate specific offers made in marketing or the sales process.

If they said "$x gets you y", ran ads saying "$x gets you y", held press conferences saying "$x gets you y", then gave you an invoice showing you pay "$x for y", a backing contract saying "$x does not get you y" will not stand up in court.

So in addition to not being legally okay, it's obviously not "ethically questionable." Taking people's money and not delivering value you promised to them in exchange is bad.
by zsoltkacsandi | 2025-10-21 12:46:18+00:00
From my experience this mostly happened to Antrophic models, and not because of some honeymoon period, but after the introduction of their models, the model quality and the limits are starting to decline.

Many people are complaning about this on HN and Reddit. I do not have any proof, but there is a pattern, I suppose Antrophic first attracts customers, then starts to optimize costs/margins.
by JohnFen | 2025-10-21 12:47:21+00:00
> the fallback is a conspiracy of some sort.

I don't think you have to go to conspiracy theories to explain it. The fact that Wall Street has always been highly suggestible, fad-driven, and has a strong herd mentality is sufficient. Combine that with sunk cost fallacies and this is exactly the sort of behavior I'd expect.
by Gormo | 2025-10-21 12:47:46+00:00
Not sure "enshittification" applies here, as Google isn't leveraging a middleman role to maximize revenue extraction from both sides of a transaction it facilitates, but I think you're right that Google does still have most of its eggs in one basket. Search and YouTube ads together still make up a majority of their revenue: https://stockanalysis.com/stocks/googl/metrics/revenue-by-se...
by anonymars | 2025-10-21 12:48:08+00:00
Also, how does the charging situation compare outside of the Tesla ecosystem? (Assuming you can't charge it at home)

Tesla really makes charging about as seamless as can be. It integrates into the navigation system (the car will automatically add charging stops, pre-warm the battery, tell you how many spots are open, etc.), integrates the payment, etc.

I've rented a Tesla. The most annoying thing about it was the goofy unlock (tapping a key card at the right spot on the door pillar) but I'm very wary of renting any other EV and having to dick around with finding the right charge place, determining if it has the right connection, will it charge fast enough, can I just pay by card or do I need some stupid app, etc.
by rcxdude | 2025-10-21 12:48:47+00:00
Basically the constantly spinning motor would remove the complexity and slowdown of accelerating and decelerating it at the start and end of the motion. To capture a line, he's already scanning it across the scene and triggering the laser at specific points (when the encoder in the servo reaches certain values), if it was continuously rotating he could just do the same thing.

Though I don't think it would speed things up much, from what he was saying in one of the appendix videos on his second channel he doesn't do things like triggering the laser multiple times for each pixel to reduce noise because the bottleneck is copying the data off of the scope and it would stretch from hours to days to run.
by HelloNurse | 2025-10-21 12:49:01+00:00
The article describes evidence for a concrete, straightforward organizational decay pattern that can explain a large part of this miserable failure. What's "self-serving" about such a theory?

My personal "guess" is that failing to retain knowledge and talent is only one of many components of a well-rounded crisis of bad management and bad company culture that has been eroding Amazon on more fronts than AWS reliability.

What's your theory? Conspiracy within Amazon? Formidable hostile hackers? Epic bad luck? Something even more movie-plot-like? Do you care about making sense of events in general?
by piva00 | 2025-10-21 12:49:43+00:00
This kind of legal loophole might be common in the USA but in the EU is much harder to weasel out of obligations from the spirit of the law with legalese.

They can wrap as in many disclaimers as they want, if the law is clear that consumers had a presumption of delivery due to marketing promises which were unfulfilled they are on the hook for it.

It's why many American companies constantly complain about EU regulations, they empower consumers which is "bad for business™" since fraud becomes much harder to wrap in loopholes.
by MarcusE1W | 2025-10-21 12:50:00+00:00
Big country and many options and all that, but at least with regards to EU support I would say yes, the majority of Germans supports the EU. I would say some regions more than others.

I think it is understood that the EU could be better and is a child of many compromises, but if you want to make it better you have to say what and crucially how. Until then, why not be happy with what you have, for once.
by whizzter | 2025-10-21 12:50:10+00:00
Imho maintainers should just keep a set of pre-made header-files for a Windows compiler, a huge portion the work configure does is because we historically had:

- Bad compilers (that lacked stdlib features)

- Lacked package managers (so we need to detect versions instead of just specifying used libraries for the program)

- The mess of various nix/linux distros having differing paths (/bin or /local/bin or /usr/local/bin or whatever?) and nix binaries lacked a standardized way to just locate "themselves"

In contrast, Windows programs mostly just make an API call to detect where they live and then just load files from relative paths, this also allows for side-by-side installations of varying versions instead of multiple builds (Yes, some programs sadly needed installers but that's just bad engineering, whilst many programs have portable variants).

Considering Mac programs also are self contained I guess those also have some sane API's for program self-location.

Yes, I do realize that much of the centralization of programs harkens back to Unix multi-user paradigms with centralized management but personal computers has been the norm for some almost 40 years at this point (Even if we've moved to web mainframes instead).
by anthk | 2025-10-21 12:50:29+00:00
And today:

gopher://magical.fish (the news section it's huge)

gopher://sdf.org

gopher://bitreich.org/1/lawn (the directory it's huge)

gopher://gopher.icu (good site)

gopher://tilde.pink/1/~bencollver

gopher://typed-hole.org (some adventures)
by kragen | 2025-10-21 12:50:55+00:00
Yes, most Turkish and Indonesian dictionaries, because Turkish and Indonesian have sane spelling. But English doesn't. Other alternatives in this context include "miniature", "spike", "diorama", and "prototype", which have the potential advantage that native English speakers might understand you. Or disadvantage, I suppose.

Hwail ai kenker wiq yer kr1tes1zm ev i6g1c orxogrefi, w1tc servz lardjli ez e wei te s1gnel socel kl4s bai wei ev i1rz weisted m3meraizi6 iuslesli 1r3giuler sp3li6z, iu k4nt boil q4t ocen 1n 3vri kament. Bet iu mei bi 1nter3sted 1n http://canonical.org/~kragen/alphanumerenglish. 1t simz laik qe kaind ev xi6 m3ni skimerz w5d laik, r1li.
by Frieren | 2025-10-21 12:51:09+00:00
> it's not directly relevant to every thing

An increase in populism is a direct result of higher inequality. When people experiences a fair system, populism is rejected. When people lives in an unjust society populist will offer easy but false solutions to problems.

> Populism is the insanity of the masses.

Populism is taking advantage of unhappy masses. Masses are unhappy for real economic reasons.
by felixding | 2025-10-21 12:51:27+00:00
Zen of Palm

Mobile app developers, if you haven't read Zen of Palm, I highly recommend this piece of art. You can download the PDF for free. Nothing beats Palm for its simplicity, responsiveness, and (perhaps subjectively) ease of use, even to this day.

I wrote a series of blog posts about it nearly two decades ago, and later translated some parts into English: https://dingyu.me/blog/zen-of-palm-1-preface
by imchillyb | 2025-10-21 12:51:50+00:00
The ability to plan and operate several moves ahead of one’s opponent has always suggested higher intelligence.

When applied to war we celebrate the general’s brilliance. When applied to economics we say they had excellent foresight. When applied to any human endeavor, except chess, the accomplishment is celebrated as a human achievement.

This is due to humans placing great value upon thinking and planning ahead. Only the intelligent exhibit this behavior.
by senordevnyc | 2025-10-21 12:52:14+00:00
I mean this question in good faith, and with all due respect to Karpathy: is there any reason to give this guy any credence beyond his ability to teach about LLMs? The only interesting industry experience of his that I'm aware of is leading Tesla's AI division during the period where they decided on this disastrous and dangerous vision-only approach that has resulted in multiple deaths. That alone makes me think he's not only incompetent but unethical. Am I missing something?
by gjm11 | 2025-10-21 12:52:36+00:00
I think there's some correlation but no, you can be amazingly strong at chess and not super-intelligent by other measures, or be incredibly good at physics or philosophy or poetry or whatever and have no talent for chess.

But, having watched some of Naroditsky's videos, it seems pretty clear that he was in fact very intelligent as well as very good at chess.
by Moq_ | 2025-10-21 12:53:31+00:00
Hi HN,

Last week: "What repo has that nginx config from the Globex project?"

Got 3 links. All wrong. One 404'd. Steve's personal fork (Steve left). One from 2019.

40 minutes later I found it and thought "this is stupid."

So I built Kite.

Happy to answer questions. Roasts welcome. Even happier if someone tells me this already exists and I wasted my time.
by OutOfHere | 2025-10-21 12:53:50+00:00
> Your links do nothing to establish any root cause.

Am I going to listen to you, or to what the links directly say:

1. Nighttime wakefulness predicts next-day suicidal ideation,6 and reducing nocturnal wakefulness may reduce suicidal thinking in at-risk populations.7

2. Being awake at night confers greater risk for suicide than being awake at other times of the day, suggesting disturbances of sleep or circadian neurobiology may potentiate suicide risk.

If you actually want to negate the claims, go find yourself a new reference that negates them.

As for your comment:

> If you're struggling with this issue

How dare you. Just piss off, you patronizing jerk. I am not struggling with it, and if I were, I certainly wouldn't take advice from a slimebag.
by somenameforme | 2025-10-21 12:54:33+00:00
There's huge pink elephant that I think many aren't aware of here.

A former chess world champion, Vladimir Kramnik, has turned into a sort of self satire seeking out cheaters in online chess. Basically everybody is cheating according to him, he even implied Hikaru Nakamura, the 2nd strongest player in the world, could be cheating.

Eventually his sights fell on Danya. At first I thought they were both kind of playing it up as a sort of a joke. For instance after the accusations Danya did a video where he had something absurd like a dozen different cameras watching him play from different angles. And in response Kramnik mentioned some petty absurdity that I can't even recall at this point - maybe there was a laptop on a chair or something? 'What is that computer Danya, suspicious, him?' And this sort of nonsense continued on for some time.

I still think Kramnik is doing it as a half-serious joke, but Danya clearly took it very seriously. He believed that his reputation had been ruined (even though just most people think Kramnik is the one who has mostly destroyed his own reputation and mostly just seen as a bit 'kooky' now a days) and Danya became a dramatically different person over about 2 years.

Previously he was kind of a happy go lucky blitz obsessed guy. But he gradually became increasingly morose and insecure. He also seemed to be losing weight, though I have no idea if that is accurate - I'm basing it solely on outside appearances which can be misleading. In any case, this was almost certainly related, and it makes the whole situation far darker.
by forgotoldacc | 2025-10-21 12:54:57+00:00
Yep. There's a balance between doing enjoyable work, getting paid what you feel your work is worth, and feeling like what you're doing is of some sort of value to your community or the world as a whole.

Maxing out all 3 of those is incredibly rare, but I think once people reach some degree of financial stability, almost all of them go for a job that feels like it's meaningful.
by smanza | 2025-10-21 12:55:18+00:00
Reimagines how people use Bitcoin by embedding a non-custodial wallet directly inside Telegram. How to make Bitcoin as intuitive and social as messaging — no separate apps, no complex onboarding, just instant transactions within conversations.

Our team turned that concept into a fully functional Telegram MiniApp, powered by the Bitcoin and Lightning Networks. Brio enables users to send, receive, and interact with Bitcoin in seconds, all within Telegram’s familiar interface.

Brio proves that the future of Bitcoin adoption is about integrating Bitcoin into the platforms people already use.
by jqpabc123 | 2025-10-21 12:55:32+00:00
Tesla is a meme stock, one of hundreds, albeit the biggest.

Nothing about the valuation makes any sense and it hasn't for years. Tesla is no longer a startup. Market performance history is readily available from which one should be able to make rational judgments.

Tesla only has about 10% of world wide *EV* sales. Yet it's market cap exceeds all major auto manufacturers *combined*.

As you point out, it's the scale and magnitude of the disconnect from reality maintained over a long period of time that puts Tesla in a league of it's own.
by Noaidi | 2025-10-21 12:55:47+00:00
No[1]. It is a common misconception that puts more stigma on people with mental illness. My family called my schizoaffective disorder a "gift" because I was creative and intelligent. This lead them to ignore my suffering, which made me more depressed.

[1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9879926/
by inglor_cz | 2025-10-21 12:56:03+00:00
"Let's say you are one of the 99% of false positives, because everyone gets tested in this hypothetical scenario."

This alone is a disqualifier for your scenario. A test with 99 per cent of false positives will not be widely used, if at all. (And the original Galleri test that the article was about is nowhere near to that value, and it is not intended to be used in low-risk populations anyway.)

I am all for wargaming situations, but come up with some realistic parameters, not "Luxembourg decided to invade and conquer the USA" scenarios.
by frenchmajesty | 2025-10-21 12:56:14+00:00
OP here. We embed both the label AND the tweet. So if tweet A is "I love burgers" and tweet B is "I love cheeseburgers", we ask in our vector DB if we have seen a tweet before that is very similar to B? If yes, we skip LLM altogether (cache hit) and just take the class label that A has.
Show HN: ContextGuard – Open-source security monitoring for MCP servers
by amironi | 2025-10-21 12:58:00+00:00
I built ContextGuard after discovering that 43% of MCP servers have critical security vulnerabilities. MCP (Model Context Protocol) is the new standard that lets Claude Clients(Desktop, Windsurf, Cursor, etc.) access external tools and data sources - think of it as a plugin system for AI assistants.

The problem: When you give those clients access to your filesystem, databases, or APIs through MCP servers, you're opening up serious attack vectors. Prompt injection, data leakage, and path traversal attacks are all possible. Most developers building MCP servers don't have security expertise, and there wasn't an easy way to add protection.

What ContextGuard does: - Wraps your MCP server as a transparent security proxy - Detects 8+ prompt injection patterns in real-time - Scans for sensitive data (API keys, passwords, SSNs) in responses - Prevents path traversal attacks - Rate limiting to prevent abuse - Comprehensive JSON logging for auditing - <1% performance overhead

Technical approach: - TypeScript-based stdio proxy - Pattern matching + heuristics for threat detection - Works with any MCP server using stdio transport - Zero code changes needed - just wrap your existing server - All detection happens synchronously in the request/response flow

The README includes a testing section where you can see the same attacks succeed on an unprotected server vs being blocked with ContextGuard enabled. It's pretty eye-opening to see how easy these attacks are.

Why open source: Security tools need transparency. I want the community to audit the detection patterns, contribute new ones, and help identify blind spots. Plus, MCP is still early days - we need to establish security best practices together.

Roadmap: Currently working on SSE/HTTP transport support, a web dashboard for monitoring, and a custom rule engine. Planning to offer Pro features for enterprises (team management, priority support, advanced analytics) while keeping the core security features free and open source forever.

I'd love feedback on: 1. What other attack patterns should I prioritize detecting? 2. Is the web dashboard a must-have or nice-to-have? 3. Any blind spots in the current detection logic? 4. Should I focus more on detection accuracy or performance?

The project is on GitHub with full docs and examples: https://github.com/amironi/contextguard

You can try it right now: npm install -g contextguard contextguard --server "node your-mcp-server.js"

Happy to answer any questions!
by vacuity | 2025-10-21 12:58:01+00:00
> Sometimes you can prove mathematically that two different approaches are equivalent, but differ only in name or some parameter, and that's a unification of sorts, without proliferation of standards.

Certainly, but that would already be supposing most of the work to unify at the source level is done, unless an extremely strong normalization is possible.

> Untyped lambda calculus (and its sibling combinatory logic) is just language for expressing logic, nothing more. And it already exists (arguably it's one of the first programming languages, predates Forth and Lisp by at least two decades) and is among the simplest ones we know. I actually became interested in LC so much recently because, believe it or not, expressing things in classical logic is often more complicated than expressing things in LC.

(Personally, I prefer combinators slightly more)

I don't deny the power of LC for some uses, but taking one program, reducing it down to an LC equivalent, and then resurfacing as another program (in a different language, but otherwise equivalent), or some other program transformations you may desire, would certainly be elegant in some sense, but very complex. It's like programming in Brainfuck; the language itself is very simple, and making mechanistic tooling for it is very simple, but I don't think the tooling we could invent in 50 years would be sufficient to make Brainfuck simple to read or write. Moreover, formalizations of, say, "button" are not a problem, but scaling to different screens, devices, use cases, and so on will greatly increase the scope. This OS represents input events this way, this hardware provides that sort of data. I think this is the same problem as to why people, everyday, don't bother to make formal arguments almost all of the time. It's not that a formal argument along the lines of "you didn't take out the trash today, so I have reason to be frustrated with you" can't be formulated or proven, but rather that the level of rigor is generally considered both fatiguing and unnecessary.

Any time someone suggests something that should make things much simpler, I'm skeptical. There are things that have essential complexity too great to be made simple, and then humans maybe have an inherent overhead of accidental complexity, above and beyond the accidental complexity we accidentally add. I'm still interested to see where your efforts lead, but I'm not expecting to see cheap nuclear fusion for another 10 years at least, so.
by JustExAWS | 2025-10-21 12:58:15+00:00
I am absolutely sure that the money you missed out on had a bigger affect on you than them missing out on hiring you.

Every large tech company or any tech company that pays decent money requires preparing for coding interviews *if you are trying to get hired as a developer*.

I personally didn’t do much prep for my Amazon loop accept practice answering behavioral questions in STAR format. But I also had to thread the needle of having experience to get into the Professional Services department as someone who knew cloud, how to talk to people, architecture and leading projects.

If I came out of college post 2012 instead of 1996 with path dependencies in 2012, you damn well better believe I would have been “grinding leetcode” to make BigTech money.
by scott_w | 2025-10-21 12:58:26+00:00
> You don't need any particularly deep due diligence to see that, in fact, not living under a rock is more than enough.

From May 2025: https://cleantechnica.com/2025/05/05/us-consumers-dont-trust...

OP bought their Tesla in 2024, so customer sentiment was actually favourable to Tesla at that point.

In March 2024, brand loyalty was really high according to Experian: https://inspiramarketing.com/when-a-brand-becomes-its-own-wo...

In 2019, customer satisfaction was also high: https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-model-3-customers-say-...

In 2020, they had an NPS of 97: https://customergauge.com/benchmarks/companies/tesla_motors

> Sorry, but knowingly and deliberately buying a Tesla vehicle is entirely on the customer and they get in some sense even more than what they had ordered.

Clearly, the customers were not knowingly and deliberately buying bad cars because the evidence available to the average person told them the exact opposite thing.

EDIT: Strikethrough below, it was a result of a bad search but the principle above still stands.

Hell, even on Hacker News, the bad news only seems to have started appearing 3 years ago, and I know for a fact your average consumer isn't browsing tech sites to form their opinion for their next car purchase.
by bibiver | 2025-10-21 12:58:57+00:00
We've just released rs-merkle-tree, a Merkle tree crate designed with performance and modularity in mind. It comes with the following key features:

* Fixed depth: All proofs have a constant size equal to the depth of the tree. The depth can be configured via a const generic.

* Append-only: Leaves are added sequentially starting from index 0. Once added, a leaf cannot be modified.

* Optimized for Merkle proof retrieval: Intermediate nodes are stored so that proofs can be fetched directly from storage without recomputation, resulting in very fast retrieval times.

* Configurable storage and hash functions: Currently supports Keccak and Poseidon hashers, and in-memory, Sled, RocksDB, and SQLite stores.

The Rust ecosystem already offers several Merkle tree implementations, but rs-merkle-tree is built for a specific use case: append-only data structures such as blockchains, distributed ledgers, audit logs, or certificate transparency logs. It’s particularly optimized for proof retrieval, storing intermediate nodes in a configurable and extensible storage backend so they don’t need to be recomputed when requested.