MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by juliacozzette | 2025-10-01 15:40:15+00:00
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by griffzhowl | 2025-10-01 15:40:15+00:00
> Category theory is what you get when you take mappings instead of sets as the primitive objects of your universe.

I'm not sure about that, because you still need some concept of set (or collection or class) to define a category, because you need a set of objects and mappings between them (technically that's a "small" category, but to define any larger category would require at least as much set-theoretical complication).

More exactly, whereas in set theory it's the membership relation between sets and their elements that is basic, in category theory it's the mapping between objects.

Nevertheless, the basic concepts of set theory can also be defined within category theory, so in that sense they're inter-translatable. In each case though, you need some ambient idea of a collection (or class or set) of the basic objects. Tom Leinster has a brilliantly clear and succinct (8 pages) exposition of how this is done here https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.6543

The thing is, even defining first-order logic requires a (potentially infinite) collection of variables and constant terms; and set theory is embedded in first-order logic, so both set theory and category theory are on the same footing in seemingly requiring a prior conception of some kind of potentially infinite "collection". To be honest I'm a bit puzzled as to how that works logically
by zelphirkalt | 2025-10-01 15:40:16+00:00
> [...] which is a must for anything performance oriented.

But that's also not really true.

Using functional data structures it is possible to write highly performant software. Check out for example "CppCon 2017: Juan Pedro Bolivar Puente - Postmodern immutable data structures"[1], an impressive talk, in which someone shows their developed editor that can edit huge text files without lag faster than any mainstream editor today. This is enabled by functional data structures. Usage of functional data structures throughout a project also ensures, that parts can be trivially parallelized, which is not true for traditional algorithms, and therefore can easily scale with number of CPUs available. For more on that subject, you might want to watch a few Joe Armstrong talks.

Rust achieves type safety by introducing more language concepts like ownership, borrowing, and lifetimes, to formalize, who has access when and how. It also creates things as immutable by default, unless you make use of `mut`. Unfortunately, Rust's philosophy is shared memory and making shared memory access safe, rather than message passing, which is at odds with FP.

[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPhpelUfu8Q
by triceratops | 2025-10-01 15:40:18+00:00
This is a terrible idea and I love it!

I like the goal: no more gasoline cars. And if governments can grow a pair and set a realistic end date for them it would work out great. A suggested timeline: no gasoline cars manufactured after 2028, no new sales after 2030, complete road ban after 2037 unless you buy carbon offsets etc.

The roadmap I suggested above is already highly aggressive and will generate massive pushback. Doing it overnight would be disastrous. No politician will do it while Americans remain in love with their gasoline tanks.
by WireScreenNYC | 2025-10-01 15:40:25+00:00
WireScreen (Series A) | Senior Software Engineer | NYC - hybrid | Full-time | $165k-$200k base + equity | https://jobs.ashbyhq.com/wirescreen/158fd72f-fc2f-47a3-bdb5-...

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by badsectoracula | 2025-10-01 15:40:37+00:00
Well, i haven't used LLMs much for code (i tried it, it was neat but ultimately i found it more interesting to do things myself) and i refuse to rely on any cloud-based solutions, be it AI or not, so i've only been using local LLMs, but even so i've found a few neat uses for it.

One of my favorite uses is that i have configured my window manager (Window Maker) that when i press Win+/ it launches xterm with a script that runs a custom C++ utility based on llama.cpp that combines a prompt that asks a quantized version of Mistral Small 3.2 to provide suggestions for grammar and spelling mistakes in text, then uses xclip to put whatever i have selected and filters the program's output through another utility that colorizes the output using some simple regex. Whenever i write any text that i care about having (more) correct grammar and spelling (e.g. documentation - i do not use it for informal text like this one or in chat) i use it to find mistakes as English is not my first language (and it tends to find a lot of them). Since the output is shown in a separate window (xterm) instead of replacing the text i can check if the correction is fine (and the act of actually typing the correction helps me remember some stuff... in theory at least :-P). The [0] shows an example of how it looks.

I also wrote a simple Tcl/Tk script that calls some of the above with more generalized queries, one of which is to translate text to English, which i'm mainly using to translate comments on Steam games[1] :-P. It is also helpful whenever i want to try out something quickly, like -e.g.- recently i thought that common email obfuscation techniques in text (like some AT example DOT com) are pointless nowadays with LLMs, so i tried that from a site i found online[2] (pretty much everything that didn't rely on JavaScript was defeated by Mistral Small).

As for programming, i used Devstral Small 1.0 once to make a simple raytracer, though i wrote about half of the code by hand since it was making a bunch of mistakes[3]. Also recently i needed to scrape some data from a page - normally i'd do it by hand, but i was feeling bored at the time so i asked Devstral to write a Python script using Beautiful Soup to do it for me and it worked just fine.

None of the above are things i'd value for billions though. But at the same time, i wouldn't have any other solution for the grammar and translation stuff (free and under my control at least).

[0] https://i.imgur.com/f4OrNI5.png

[1] https://i.imgur.com/jPYYKCd.png

[2] https://i.imgur.com/ytYkyQW.png

[3] https://i.imgur.com/FevOm0o.png
by kamarg | 2025-10-01 15:40:39+00:00
> With such a… fixed opinion, the hidebound government agencies can't allow themselves to think that the overall risk profile has increased

This is only true if policy makers are logically consistent. If they're not then whatever they feel like at the time goes. I don't think it takes much effort to see that logical consistency is not something that is highly valued by the people currently in charge.
by NetMageSCW | 2025-10-01 15:40:42+00:00
The Lunar Gateway exists so that SLS and Orion have a way to get to the Moon, because with it SLS can’t get into LLO and return to Earth, so they need another craft to finish the trip and a place to meet up with that craft. A reasonable question might be why not make Starship HLS act as its own gateway but then you start getting into why is SLS and Orion even needed.
by Molitor5901 | 2025-10-01 15:40:51+00:00
The last thing he typed has always sat deeply with me:

"Football Season Is Over

No More Games. No More Bombs. No More Walking. No More Fun. No More Swimming. 67. That is 17 years past 50. 17 more than I needed or wanted. Boring. I am always bitchy. No Fun — for anybody. 67. You are getting Greedy. Act your old age. Relax — This won't hurt”
by jesalg | 2025-10-01 15:41:12+00:00
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by burkaman | 2025-10-01 15:41:24+00:00
I'm guessing this is a complaint about a full-screen ad that history.com is running. I can't confirm because I have like 5 different layers of ad-blocking that I'm not going to turn off to check this, but here's what the page looks like from a Finnish server: https://pikwy.com/web/68dd4ace6c4fe212122bdfe2
by johnh-hn | 2025-10-01 15:41:31+00:00
Seconded. I went with C# + Playwright. I tried iTextSharp, iText, PDFSharp, and wkhtmltopdf, but they all had limitations. I had good results with Playwright in minutes, outside of tweaking the CSS like you mention.

I documented the process here[0] if anyone needs examples of the CSS and loading web fonts. Apologies for the article being long-winded – it was the first one I published.

[0] https://johnh.co/blog/creating-pdfs-from-html-using-csharp
by SilverElfin | 2025-10-01 15:41:45+00:00
Tell that to the actual soldiers on the ground that have died. Videos of their encounters show that war is still extremely physical, moving through dense obstacle filled environments or large open fields while wearing thick outfits and carrying equipment. This is so obvious that I can’t understand how anyone would think physical fitness doesn’t matter, let alone rant incoherently about it.

Weirdly the author seems to acknowledge this despite the title:

> Combatants also have to be physically fit enough to endure incredible hardship.

But they discount the importance of having a culture that is appropriate for the job throughout the organization not just for combatants. Sure a programmer doesn’t need to be running a fast mile or whatever, but culture still matters and a soft one doesn’t seem appropriate for the military.

As for Russia’s failures - I don’t see why those would carry over to America. The author suggests their image of a masculine aggressive force hasn’t worked in Ukraine. I would say it isn’t enough on its own - you still need industrial strength and technology and all that. But dismissing the importance of a “warrior culture” on this one example feels like a leap.
by gopalv | 2025-10-01 15:42:01+00:00
> how big could a potential overlap be between ADHD and autism?

The lack of executive function is overlapping, but this particular post might be more of an ADHD simulator.

The very first "Follow the morning routine" or not is where this veers off my experience of the spectrum.

"Changing plans because of situations internal or external" is hard.

The option should've been "Spend 20 minutes making eggs again, because the yolks weren't the right kind of runny", miss the train, take a cab to work, but tell the driver that you've now got a system for eggs which you didn't have today (yeah, fun fact, the recipe was off because they don't refrigerate them over in France).
by thrance | 2025-10-01 15:42:27+00:00
I feel like there's more to aphantasia than just "can you see the apple or not?". I can't for the life of me imagine an apple. At best, I get a very faint and dark picture of something resembling the fruit. Plus, there's one on the desk right next to me, so I shouldn't have too much trouble with the assignment, but here we are.

On the other hand, I have a pretty good memory (compared to my peers) and I can recall vivid (at least to me) images of the past. For example, I can still picture a scene of me and my dad picking apples in my grandparents' garden years ago, just after my grandmother passed away. I recall the cold November weather, the grey sky, the felled apples laying on the ground, some rotten. I can still remember what I was wearing that day. Similarly, I do dream a lot, most often accompanied with clear images of places and people, fictional or not. Even though I am utterly incapable of drawing these memories and dreams (I tried), I would still qualify these things as "image", and I can't fathom them being any clearer.

Am I just misunderstanding the exercise or is there something here?
by tptacek | 2025-10-01 15:42:43+00:00
I'm using LLMs alongside Math Academy. Math Academy uses machine learning generally (and so now they plug their "AI" technology) but it's not transformer-model-style AI ML; as I understand it, it's just driving their underlying spaced repetition system (which is interleaved through lots of different units).

In the scenario I'm discussing, Math Academy's content is a non-generative source of truth, against which I've benchmarked GPT5 and O4-mini.
by next_xibalba | 2025-10-01 15:43:19+00:00
Professional sports league games are the output of the efforts of thousands of people and billions of dollars of capital. The right to distribute video of those games are the largest part of how those leagues make money, as arranged by contracts and underpinned by intellectual property law.

This is not a case of "you're just bottling tap water". There is tremendous value created by these leagues as represented by their revenues. It is totally absurd to me that someone can believe stealing that intellectual property at scale is not a crime. It is no different than stealing a laptop. In fact, it's worse! The ease by which the scale of the theft can amplified is like stealing thousands of laptops. Do you believe stealing laptops and selling them is criminal?
by lausingh | 2025-10-01 15:43:24+00:00
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by arm32 | 2025-10-01 15:43:29+00:00
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Show HN: FSST – Fast Static Symbol Table Compression Library in Go
by seiflotfy | 2025-10-01 15:43:48+00:00
Here is a Go implementation of FSST, a fast static symbol table compression. It comes with training, encode/decode helpers, and examples. It’s great for logs and JSON data.

Reference implementation: https://github.com/cwida/fsst Paper: https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol13/p2649-boncz.pdf

Benchmarks and tests are in the repo - feedback welcome.

P.S. Assisted by AI.
by triceratops | 2025-10-01 15:44:37+00:00
I'll believe this "ackchually cars are essential for poor people" nonsense when the biggest selling car in America isn't a massive, expensive pickup truck.

It's financially disastrous for poor people to take a loan to buy a depreciating asset that sits parked 95% of the time. And requires monthly expenses for insurance and parking.

Moving to EVs means middle- and upper-middle class people have a decision to make: spend money on switching, or join everyone else in public transit.
by anp | 2025-10-01 15:44:52+00:00
This matches my experience and I was quite surprised to find out other aphantasiacs have their “minds eye open” when tripping. For me psychedelics only ever produced a fractal overlay on top of what I was already seeing.

I wondered for a long time why everyone else experienced such strong visuals and eventually decided on my own it must be related to aphantasia. It’s nice to find out I might not have been a total crank with that hypothesis :).
by gus_massa | 2025-10-01 15:45:01+00:00
It's better to repost the English version. Post in other languages are usually ignored or flagged.

Are you or the OP the author?

Some general comments:

It says open source but it was hard to find thee link to Github (I found it BSD2, isn't it?)

The Dutch and Spanish page have a video, but the English page doesn't. It's nice to have a video, specially because it's has a lot of GUI support.

Where are the simple examples, like hello-word, fibonacci, 99-bootles-of-beer?
by echelon | 2025-10-01 15:45:15+00:00
Content is all ephemeral on some time scale, but you can cache the near-term content to maximize the views and cut back on compute costs. Some model or human made it (the cost), it's trending (the value), so keep it around for a bit.

Everything has a relevancy and penetration decay curve.

The funny thing is, I think this law applied in the classical era (1950's, 1990's, etc.), we just weren't creating at scale to realize it.

Maybe it's just one dominant variable: novelty. I'd be curious to see how we might model this.
by turnsout | 2025-10-01 15:45:25+00:00
Look, there's a rich spectrum of abstraction that we are lucky enough to choose from as developers. Obviously you can write a byte stream onto the disk using assembly if you want, or you can have a high-level API store data for you without knowing how or where it's going. You can call any combination of technology a "stack."

Since you asked, the level I've chosen for this project is Go and PostgreSQL via pq. There's a single level of indirection to wrap the database access in case we need to switch from Postgres for any reason, but otherwise the app interfaces directly with the database. Migrations are simple SQL files that are run as necessary as the server starts up.

This will all run on a dedicated server that is already doing other stuff. That's the full "stack" as it were.
by jillesvano | 2025-10-01 15:45:33+00:00
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by heavi_inc | 2025-10-01 15:45:42+00:00
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by ipython | 2025-10-01 15:46:24+00:00
Even a relatively inhospitable earth is much, much more livable than the celestial bodies we can reach in reasonable time. Even living 100% underground would be easier than trying to establish bases on the moon or Mars, with a hope that we could find a way to clean up the mess that we created.

If we find some faster-than-light travel mechanism and a star group that includes a planet like our own, then perhaps there's a way out of here.

On the other hand, why not try to achieve something like ... getting along better here? We could find ways to create more clean energy here on Earth, clean up existing messes, better harness the 3/4 of the globe covered by water, etc.

Plus we have a lot of societal issues to try to address. How would living on another planet solve distinctly human problems like war, conflict, need to pollute the natural environment of a new planet, etc? Why not look at how we can improve our own self-governance? After all, if we do escape this rock, it's not like we're magically going to become more altruistic, compassionate, etc. We'll still suffer from the same problems we do here, just with even more stressors like "my body boils over if I dare step outside unprotected". Sounds super depressing to me.