MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by phire | 2025-10-03 02:44:09+00:00
The main argument against using CMOV on OoO cores is that it creates data dependencies. The backend can't start executing downstream dependant μops until after the cmov executes.

At a first glance, it might seem insane to replace a simple data dependancy with a control-flow dependency, control-flow dependencies are way more expensive as they might lead to a miss-predict and pipeline flush.

But to understand modern Massively-Out-of-Order cores, you really need to get in the mindset of "The branch predictor stupidly accurate", and actually optimise for the cases when it was right.

If the data is anything other than completely random, the branch predictor will guess correctly (at least some of the time) and the dependency is now invisible to the backend. The dependency chain is broken and the execution units can execute both segments in parallel.

--------

So while more CMOVs might help with ROB residency, I'm really not sure that would translate to overall improved performance.

But this does make me wonder if it might be worth while designing an μarch that could dynamically swap between executing a CMOV style instruction as a branch or conditional move? If the CMOV is predictable, insert a fake branch into the branch predictor and handle it that way from now on.
by randcraw | 2025-10-03 02:44:11+00:00
But the reengineering of assembly lines has targeted speed and cost of assembly, not so much automation. Robots do have a role in manufacturing, but I think it's a relatively small fraction of the whole. AFAIK, most part makers don't rely on automation, and even though final assembly has had greater success, it's still far from as adaptable as humans are.

GM's Saturn was relatively early in that space but it didn't scale up anywhere as well as they had hoped. Likewise, Tesla went there 30 years later, but IIRC, they too experienced myriad difficulties building reliable automated manufacturing processes.

If automation among makers were ready for prime time, the work would have migrated to countries with the cheapest power and fastest mobility while ignoring labor costs. AFAIK, that still hasn't happened.
by toast0 | 2025-10-03 02:44:28+00:00
> So what would you do if you're Israel? Suck it up? Leave the hostages to rot in Gaza?

What they're doing doesn't seem to be working, so maybe something else.

This is just armchair military philosophizing, but after the October attack, go ahead and do some big disproportionate response stuff for 30-90 days, then a ceasefire and prisoner exchange (this happened). But if the ceasefire doesn't work out, you can't go back to disproportionate response on the October attack; that doesn't look reasonable. Cat and mouse strikes on leadership until the hostages are released (edit: but not while leaders are gathered for peace negotiations!). You can still do proportionate response for any tit-for-tat kind of attacks in the occupied zone.

A war of occupation is a PR thing. You need to convince outside observers you're occupation is reasonable --- two years of disproportionate response doesn't do that. You also want to convince the occupied people not to support armed resistance; disproportionate response can work for that, but IMHO not over a long period of time; in the short term, it can get people to demand a stop to fighting, but after two years, again IMHO it just breeds more desire to fight.

You also need some sort of plan for after the hostilities end. How do you set the conditions so this is less likely to happen in the future. Really, the best way to have peaceful coexistence between Israel and Palestine as two states is for Israel and Palestine to both be prosperous; Israel needs to help make that happen, because it's in Israel's interests --- even if maybe it doesn't feel like it; a prosperous Palestine will be incentivized to be peaceful because prosperity is tenuous; a destitute Palestine has no need to be peaceful, because it has nothing to lose.

There's a lot of talk about ending Hamas; maybe that would do it, but if Hamas disbands today, you need something to replace the government services they provide. What's the plan for that? What would the interim system look like between now and that; can you enforce the interim system now as a way to push Hamas out?

Alternately, big problems require big solutions. Forcibly return Gaza to Egyptian control, as it was before the Six Day War, and encourage Egypt to deal with Hamas through diplomacy and response to future attacks from within Gaza as if they were from Egypt.

Perhaps return the West Bank to Jordan ... maybe do the return of the West Bank first as a show of 'if y'all give us the hostages, we'll end the occupation' Returning the West Bank is hard, because you've got to figure out what to do with the settlers, which is probably a lot of tricky negotiations over which settlements can be kept with a land swap and which have to be abandoned, so it probably can't be done super fast.
by pizlonator | 2025-10-03 02:45:34+00:00
I am the only one who thinks, "that's not as bad as I expected"?

Because I can be quite bearish and frankly this isn't bad for a technology that is this new. The income points to significant interest in using the tech and they haven't even started the tried-and-true SV strategy we lovingly call enshittification (I'm not trying to be ironic, I mean it)
by phkahler | 2025-10-03 02:46:47+00:00
I've always thought instead of compare-and-branch, they should have just made it compare, or a better name would be "if". if r1<r2 execute the next instruction. This should have worked like a 16bit prefix to whatever instructions are supported. Risc-v would have only supported jump, jalr, and branch. Then as they realized the importance of conditional instructions the could have just changed the spec to allow "if" to be combined with load, store, add, etc...

IMHO this approach seems to fit modern CPU designs reasonably well. There is no explicit flag or predicate register, but it does require fusing 2 instructions with possibly different operand. But restricting which instructions can use it might help (even better if its completely orthogonal).
by evnp | 2025-10-03 02:47:42+00:00
It seems like you're misunderstanding what parent meant by "prerecorded" - not a screen recording, just pre-writing of commands to be executed during the demo. Would you consider it "deception" to hit up arrow a few times in a terminal during your demo to execute a command from shell history? This is effectively the same. Take a look at the linked repo, it's very clever.
by nitwit005 | 2025-10-03 02:48:08+00:00
Telephones only seem intuitive because we got taught to use them as kids. If you look back, there was a massive effort to teach people to use them.

You can still find some of the educational films: https://youtu.be/p45T7U5oi9Q?si=5fiNEiqccg41nxQb
by majormajor | 2025-10-03 02:48:30+00:00
Yes and no. On the flip side, you now have the means to have a much more comfortable and pleasant life than the high school dropout classmate you haven't seen in six years.

You have already made it very far, in that sense.

You put effort in, you've gotten rewarded. The washouts from the up-or-out places have lots of soft landing places available compared to most people.

Whether you crash yourself against the rocks of having to be the top of the absolute whole world... that's a personal thing. Being aware of the structure is probably good for informing your decision, but you might've noticed it earlier too.

Other people have gotten rewarded more than you. And this is probably not new to you. There are almost always teacher's pets, spoiled brats whose parents gave them way more than you, beautiful people who get things handed to them for existing, easily-charismatic assholes who coast by or fail upward because everyone likes them, etc. One of the dirty secrets of elite high schools and higher education is already that not everyone worked as hard as you to get there.
by nsoonhui | 2025-10-03 02:48:39+00:00
The first question that should be asked is this: if there is indeed so much suffering in Gaza, why is no one pressuring Hamas to end the war by accepting Donald Trump’s peace plan? The war could have been over by now if Hamas had surrendered, yet this point is rarely mentioned. Why is that?

Instead, many—including major Western media outlets—repeat Hamas’ narrative: that Israel is responsible for the killing (while Hamas has been accused of using human shields [0]) and that Israel prevents the UN from distributing aid (even though the UN is said to be heavily infiltrated by Hamas [1], and the GHF was established to restrict Hamas’ access to food supplies and prevent profiteering through resale [2]).

Furthermore, if starvation in Gaza is a pressing reality, why does the UN refuse to distribute food directly [4]? In fact, the claim that there is a famine going on just doesn't match the numbers [5], and UN-linked IPC finds no mortality data to prove famine is present, despite their very intention of proving so [6], and media was found to misrepresent the situation on the ground [7]

Finally, little attention is given to Egypt’s role in maintaining the blockade of Gaza, which also contributes to "famine". Egypt does not allow Gazans—who are described by some as facing genocide—to cross its border to escape [3]. It often seems as though those who argue that starvation is being deliberately inflicted prefer to keep the situation unchanged, only to place the blame on Israel.

0: https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2023/11/01/hamas-officials-admi...

1: https://govextra.gov.il/unrwa/unrwa/

2: https://www.aipac.org/resources/gaza-aid

3: https://theconversation.com/why-egypt-refuses-to-open-its-bo...

4: https://www.fdd.org/analysis/2025/07/24/un-refuses-to-cooper...

5: https://x.com/Aizenberg55/status/1966495888051761582

6: https://www.timesofisrael.com/key-food-security-org-finds-no...

7: https://honestreporting.com/famine-standard-was-lowered-for-...
by intalentive | 2025-10-03 02:49:02+00:00
Generative world models seem to be doing ok. Dreamer V4 looks promising. I’m not 100% sold on the necessity of EBMs.

Also I’m skeptical that self-supervised learning is sufficient for human level learning. Some of our ability is innate. I don’t believe it’s possible for statistical methods to learn language from raw audiovisual data the way children can.
by ryukoposting | 2025-10-03 02:50:42+00:00
I have a non-techy friend who used 4o for that exact reason. Compared to most readily available chatbots, 4o just provides more engaging answers to non-techy questions. He likes to have extended conversations about philosophy and consciousness with it. I showed him R1, and he was fascinated by the reasoning process. Makes sense, given the sorts of questions he likes to ask it.

I think OpenAI is pursuing a different market from Google right now. ChatGPT is a companion, Gemini is a tool. That's a totally arbitrary divide, though. Change out the system prompts and the web frontend. Ta-daa, you're in a different market segment now.
by thephyber | 2025-10-03 02:51:53+00:00
While that is a great point and should be done, one of the most dysfunctional part of the healthcare system is that the end user / patient doesn’t know how much they will pay if they opt to get a thing done. The obscurity of the price _before_ agreeing to get it done is not reflected at all in data which is 100% hindsight.

My old boss described it this way: without price transparency medical care isn’t a market, it’s a racket. And all of the managers in health care are working to remove price transparency to increase their margins.
by elcritch | 2025-10-03 02:52:04+00:00
Good points, thanks. That's rough.

It's not always great in the US despite it being acknowledged and somewhat accepted. It's gotta be really rough in a country that doesn't accept adhd. Ouch, a medical evaluation might make sense, but to have to pay for it out of pocket, ouch.

Though on the flipside in some countries the doctors don't care what meds they prescribe. It's very strange how things vary by coubtry. Some are absurd.

I guess my comment assumes the US where it has perhaps become a bit "trendy" as the OP suggested. I will say that when possible most ADHD'ers or aspergers do benefit from professional guidance.
by Jensson | 2025-10-03 02:52:48+00:00
The hard part is making bureaucrats identify gifted kids, not to identify them yourself. To a bureaucrat a kid that learned a lot on his own and a kid that had a lot of personal mentors to help them learn are the same thing, so both get put in gifted class, but out of those the kid that already is getting help doesn't need more that kid is already getting what he needs.

But it probably isn't bad to put smart kids together with mentored kids, matching smart with rich is a good way to help both sides.
by bawolff | 2025-10-03 02:53:44+00:00
How so?

There are troops there, The troops are not present with the consent of the local governing powers, the area has not been annexed (has not been integrated into normal civil law of the country with the troops)*.

That is a textbook definition of what an occupation is.

* except for East Jerusalem, which would normally be considered annexed, but the UNSC has decided (with the binding force of international law) that it is de jure occupied. However Palestinians in east Juruselum can apply for citizenship and get voting rights.
by chasil | 2025-10-03 02:54:19+00:00
My relationship is not like yours, but...

What's her favorite novel?

Load it as an epub and spend as much time as you wish in visits reading it to each other.

Make her run the ereader app. Expand on that.

If you don't want to spend time in this way, connect her to the grandchildren on facetime. Wow is that a critical function that I was not expecting.
by nsoonhui | 2025-10-03 02:55:01+00:00
I would argue that the 2005 Israeli unilateral withdrawal from Gaza created the vacuum that allowed Hamas to grow. Palestinians and Hamas interpreted that withdrawal as a validation of their resistance strategy [0]—including suicide bombings—and it boosted their confidence in the goal of liberating all of Palestine “from the river to the sea,” which effectively means the elimination of Israel.

So no, what really happened was precisely the opposite of “eliminating all other avenues of Palestinian political expression.”

0: https://besacenter.org/gaza-disengagement-lessons/
by phire | 2025-10-03 02:55:17+00:00
This is what ARM's Thumb-2 has with its various If-Then-Else instructions. One instruction can skip upto four subsequent instructions if the condition fails.

It can also do else clauses, instructions that get executed only when the condition fails.

I'm not sure how well this approach would work on modern CPUs; These days, Thumb-2 is generally only used on small microprocessors, and it's notable that ARM64 didn't carry that feature forwards.
by han07301980 | 2025-10-03 02:55:29+00:00
How can we personalize LLMs without retraining or fine-tuning? In this article, I introduce the idea of building a Pragmatics Overlay (X-Module)—a lightweight layer that sits on top of existing models. Instead of changing the model’s parameters, this approach works by structuring interaction, refining strategies, and defining verification methods.

The goal is to create a replicable and verifiable path for turning a general LLM into a personal AI assistant, with practical methods like PODT (Pragmatic Overlay Design Test) and PRFM (Residual Feedback Measurement).

If you’re curious about how pragmatics and interaction design can shape AI behavior, this piece offers both the concept and the hands-on framework.
by foxmoss | 2025-10-03 02:55:55+00:00
> Otherwise I’m already freaked out by treating a 32 bit field as a pointer… even if you extend it to first.

The cast from a 32 bit pointer to a 64 bit pointer is in fact an eBPF oddity. So what's happening here is that the virtual machine is just giving us a fake memory address just to use in the program and when the read actually needs to happen the kernel just rewrites the virtual addresses to the real ones. I'm assuming this is just a byproduct of the memory separation that eBPF does to prevent filters from accidentally reading kernel memory.

Also yes the double cast is just to keep the compiler from throwing a warning.
by rweichler | 2025-10-03 02:56:34+00:00
I guess it provides less freedom/flexibility on the dev side. You're forced to use LuaJIT, and you're forced to buy into OpenResty's coroutine paradigm where global variables act weird, and stuff like that. Also I bet it doesn't play super nice with LuaRocks.

Totally valid choice to make, but in my opinion OP is missing out. OpenResty is state of the art and has a ton of great libraries embedded in it. It's "batteries included" so to speak, and the batteries are well designed. Yichun Zhang is one of the GOATs, along with Mike Pall. And Roberto, obviously.
by maxglute | 2025-10-03 02:56:41+00:00
> reduces travel time between the two sides of the canyon from two hours to two minutes.

Think of it this way.

Every 2 hours round trip to 2 minutes saves imported fossil. For trucking/freight that's like ~$80 of diesel both ways.

PRC construction workers, though less abundant is cheaper than it ever will be. So best time to build infra is always now, especially one that reduces long tail imports.

Every piece of infra that cuts time (apart from cutting X time) is basically frontloading (domestic) steel and concrete to reduce future oil imports (and emissions). Rough napkin math, 2B rmb construction cossts = ~3m barrels of oil, 2b kms of travel. Shaving off 2hrs (guestimate ~150km) and it pays itself off in imported fuel metric between ~10m trips (for freight , more for passenger). Guizhou has 40m people, if a fraction goes to see the bridge, do some tourist shit (induced demand) it would go a long way to basically subsidize a bridge that cut logistics times and wear on tear for the region.
by ninetyninenine | 2025-10-03 02:56:44+00:00
I ride waymos on the regular. It's not tightly controlled conditions. It's some of the hardest roads in the bay area.

>While that is technically true, has there ever not been a bubble when people start dreaming about what could be? Even if AI heads towards being everything we hope it can become, it still seems highly likely that people have dreamed up uses for the potential of AI that aren't actually useful. The PetsGPT.com-types can still create a bubble even if the underlying technology is all that and more.

What I see more of on HN is everyone calling everything a bubble. This is a bubble that is a bubble. It's all a bubble. Like literally, Sam Altman is the minority. Almost everyone thinks it's a bubble.
by foxglacier | 2025-10-03 02:57:01+00:00
Not sure this is defined the same way but 10% seems pretty common even without war. Even India is apparently already worse than that [1]. Who would you blame for starving the Indians?

[1] https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/malnutrit...

and "in 2019, the global rate of malnutrition was estimated to be approximately 9 percent." [1].
by fritzo | 2025-10-03 02:57:40+00:00
It looks like Claude Code switched the default model to Sonnet 4.5, even for max users who are paying for Opus. I had to set the environment variable ANTHROPIC_MODEL=opus to get opus back. Sonnet 4.5 indeed acts like a drunken monkey on the math-heavy legacy C++ codebase I'm working on.
by gusgus01 | 2025-10-03 02:58:10+00:00
"Requires support" does not mean you are completely incapacitated without that support, nor does it mean you will always require the same support. If your life shifted from surviving ok-ish to thriving and improving when you found tools to help yourself, to me that sounds like you were meaningfully incapacitated before.

There are many conditions that a key point of diagnosis is impact to your life, and that's a conversation to have with the practitioner doing the diagnosis. It's a starting point not a bar, unfortunately nuance gets lost a lot once it's talked about in the social sphere/used as common parlance.
by thephyber | 2025-10-03 02:58:19+00:00
Yeah, agree.

I think the best solution for the ecosystem might be to have best practices NPM conventions for minimizing dependency redundancy explosion, then forking/migrating most of the popular libraries to use these newer best practices libraries.

Also, it’s best practice to freeze your versions+lockfile, but that also means that version upgrades are manual and expensive friction. If there is a way to reduce the frequency of NPM library version bumps, then the cost of upgrading dependencies drops.
by CMay | 2025-10-03 02:58:33+00:00
Thanks! Any idea why I'm getting such poor performance on these new models? Whether Small or Tiny, on my 24GB 7900XTX I'm seeing like 8 tokens/s using the latest llama.cpp with vulkan. Even if it was running 4x faster than this I would be asking why I'm getting so few tokens/s when it sounds like the models are supposed to bring increased inference efficiency.
by clanky | 2025-10-03 02:58:34+00:00
Kirk is on video making a joke about how he used to tell leftists, "they would throw you off a tall building in Gaza," but now there are no tall buildings in Gaza (hyuk hyuk), because of those "stupid Muslims attacking Jews."

As the genocide has become more and more indefensible, many right wing water carriers (also including Tucker Carlson) have been peeling off and voicing occasional (but essentially harmless) criticisms of the relationship. It's more cynicism than principle.
by presentation | 2025-10-03 02:59:04+00:00
I think a major cause is how dependent the United States is on the courts to decide the law. China is a technocracy with strong central state control so they can sidestep that; Japan, on the other hand, has a strong bureaucracy that given a set of rules and processes, can execute them efficiently. On the other hand anything you do in the USA starts off in a gray zone and really is decided once you’ve gone to court, limiting risk taking to only those who are well capitalized and have a lot of time to burn.
by boston_clone | 2025-10-03 02:59:51+00:00
I’m not sure if the logic on that statement checks out - there are already proven cases of what I’m describing (affirming the consequent here maybe?).

In other words, so what if Hamas dons a press vest? We know the IDF have committed war crimes. They seem aware of it, too -

https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israeli-army-set-hide-sol...
by ashdksnndck | 2025-10-03 03:00:03+00:00
> Alternately, big problems require big solutions. Forcibly return Gaza to Egyptian control, as it was before the Six Day War, and encourage Egypt to deal with Hamas through diplomacy and response to future attacks from within Gaza as if they were from Egypt.

This sounds kind of like the proposed peace plan, no? They’re supposedly going to put an Arab force in charge of Gaza.
by lmm | 2025-10-03 03:00:20+00:00
Well, maybe fast-food restaurants were a low-interest-rate phenomenon or whatever the equivalent term is (a high-labour-supply phenomenon?). If that kind of business can't afford good enough working conditions to get a decent supply of labour while selling its products at a decent price, then yeah, the whole industry will burn. But if there's a demand for it then sooner or later someone will start offering it. I think that probably looks like a decoupling between middle-class-oriented (e.g. Costco or Chipotle) and working-class-oriented.
by magicalist | 2025-10-03 03:02:13+00:00
> This isn't specific to ICE

It absolutely is specific to ICE when they get to do it to 125 apartment units at once by taking everybody in an entire building, regardless of immigration status, and detaining them for hours, then leaving them with smashed doors and broken possessions.

But, oh, it's "been contested for a while", so let's definitely downplay it.