MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by conditionnumber | 2025-10-23 16:40:18+00:00
I've seen a very broad spectrum of research code. In general research code translates O(1e1-1e2) lines of mathematics into O(1e3-1e4) lines of code. I find mathematics easier to understand than code, so that's going to color my opinion.

My favorite research code tends to look like the mathematics it implements. And that's really hard to do well. You need to pick abstractions that are both efficient to compute and easy to modify as the underlying model changes. My favorite research code also does the reader a lot of favors (eg documents the shape of the data as it flows through the code, uses notation consistent with the writeup or standard conventions in the field).

Industry research code... I'm happy to see basic things. Version control (not a bunch of Jupyter notebooks). Code re-use (not copy+paste the same thing 20x). Separation of config and code (don't litter dozens of constants throughout thousands of lines of code). Functions < 1000 lines apiece. Meaningful variable names. Comments that link the theory to the code when the code has to be complicated.

Overall it's probably most helpful to find a researcher in your field whose code you like to read, and copy the best aspects of that style. And ask readers of your code for feedback. I really enjoy reading Karpathy's code (not my field), but that may be an exception because a lot of what I've read is intended to teach a more or less codified approach, rather than act as a testbed for iteration in a more fluid design space.
by 1dolinski | 2025-10-23 16:40:19+00:00
grok =>

make fizzbuzz up to 20 only starting with these combinatory functions

let S = (x) => (y) => (z) => x(z)(y(z)); let K = (x) => (y) => x;

10 seconds later https://gist.github.com/1dolinski/93c2e193e5bc6fad9acfc33d71...
Ask HN: LLM Service that allows end users to BYOK?
by cjonas | 2025-10-23 16:40:34+00:00
Is there an LLM service that allows end-users to "bring their own key"?

This would be useful for products or open-source tools that want to be "AI Enabled", but not deal with the usage based pricing challenges that come along with it.

Ideally, something "OAuth-esk" where the user could connect their BOYK account approve requested "scopes/models" and set spend/token limits.

I thought maybe this was a feature of OpenRouter.ai, but it seems like BOYK in that sense isn't for the "end-user".

If not, how have others handled making your project "AI Enabled" without providing direct inference?

I guess just having the user provide an API key for whatever LLM provider you support? Is this still against the TOS of most providers?
by aqui_c | 2025-10-23 16:41:52+00:00
Hydrogen is a cornerstone element not only as a source of energy for transport, but because it enables the creation of many industrial derivatives.

The economics for green hydrogen are not particularly positive, and companies are pushing new tech to enable cheaper hydrogen creation through water electrolysis.

Is there a path to industrial-scale green hydrogen production or the context is simply not ready for it?
Show HN: Emdash – OS UI for parallel coding agents and Linear tickets
by onecommit | 2025-10-23 16:42:30+00:00
Hey HN — Emdash is an open-source UI for running multiple coding agents in parallel. It’s provider-agnostic (10+ CLIs). Each agent runs in its own Git worktree; after a run, compare diffs side-by-side and apply only what you want. Data stays local. Linear tickets can be handed off directly to agents.
by altcognito | 2025-10-23 16:42:47+00:00
By design, the current administration moves as fast as it possibly can because it knows that the public will take time to catch up.

The key to countering is consistent pressure that does not relent to fix the mechanisms that are broken: (congress, the white house, the "deep state" side note: the deep state always existed, it was just a convenient shorthand for "the part of the US government that faithfully implements the laws as passed by congress". That portion has been gutted and replaced with sycophants, and it will now take time to undo it)

Things like the Supreme Court, term limits, election funding also need updating. We all need to do a better job reviewing the fundamentals of government.
by jjk166 | 2025-10-23 16:42:59+00:00
Because the whole point of laws is that they are not merely the whims of whoever currently sits on the throne. They provide guidance to people as to what they can reasonably expect will and will not be permitted, and the obligations of various people to eachother. Laws need to be changeable, because the world changes, but that process is purposefully made somewhat difficult so that only worthwhile changes are made, so that the changes can be explicitly communicated, and those who make the changes can be both advised before and held accountable after.

If congress wants to see the laws changed, it has that power. Indeed, that's its entire reason for existing. The fact that it is not doing so, and instead ignoring laws on the books while leaving them there, is at best dereliction of duty, if not tacit acceptance that they don't actually have the votes to make those changes.
by dcminter | 2025-10-23 16:43:26+00:00
> you can sign up same day for a card

Do you know if there are any hoops to jump through these days? My understanding was that a reader card used to require an academic referral or at least a write-up of the research you planned to conduct.

FWIW I was only ever there for the café or the bookshop though, neither of which required a card :D
by scarecrowbob | 2025-10-23 16:43:48+00:00
Well, I have 15kwh of batteries in a shed (powering my internet connection and this computer, actually). The are mostly in a shed for convenience- I'm not too worried about a fire, personally.

You can charge them when freezing, but you can discharge them while freezing.

Discharging them causes their internal temperature to rise.

Last winter (I'm in the desert in CO at about 6k feet, with temps in the single digits at some points) my graphs say that they never failed to reach 40-something degrees and charge.

Maybe there are other issues I don't know about, but I certainly hope they work as well this winter as they did last winter.
by electroly | 2025-10-23 16:43:52+00:00
You're not confused--AWS either gets custom chips without it, or they disable the SMT. I'm not sure which. Here's where AWS talks about it: https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/m7a/

> One of the major differences between M7a instances and the previous generations of instances, such as M6a instances, is their vCPU to physical processor core mapping. Every vCPU on a M7a instance is a physical CPU core. This means there is no Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT). By contrast, every vCPU on prior generations such as M6a instances is a thread of a CPU core.

My wild guess is they're disabling it. For Intel instance families they loudly praise their custom Intel processors, but this page does not contain the word "custom" anywhere.
by SAI_Peregrinus | 2025-10-23 16:43:54+00:00
The substantial technical difference is that the UI (the "porcelain") of JJ is not backwards-compatible with that of Git, even though it can use git's "plumbing". `jj commit` works differently than `git commit`, and Git can't match that without a similar compatibility break. JJ uses Git's "content-addressed DAG of snapshots" data model in a particularly elegant way, and deletes many redundant commands to achieve that elegance. Git could absolutely delete half of its interface & change much of the rest to get that, but then it'd break lots of scripts & third-party tools. JJ namespaces the UI redesign, which allows breaking that compatibility without breaking everyone's workflow at once. People can switch (or not switch) independently, where a Git UI redesign would have to be adopted by everyone together.

It's trivial that JJ can't do anything `git` can't do, because JJ uses Git as a backend, so everything it does it does via `git`. But Git the project is extremely unlikely to alter `git` the tool to provide JJ's interface, and even if they did via namespacing it (e.g. `git jj commit`, `git jj git init --colocate`, etc.) that'd just be adding even more commands on top of the existing interface with too many commands.
by bdavisx | 2025-10-23 16:43:59+00:00
Serious question - it seems that many of this Administrations activities are illegal in some way or the other. I know that government officials are shielded from a lot of actions so they can not be prosecuted.

What actions that have been taken could actually be prosecuted? For example, I would have to assume that the ballroom demolition and build-out is illegal, there were $0 appropriated from Congress for this, and it doesn't seem like direct donations would be legal either. They are donations to the government and Congress has to appropriate that money too.

NOTHING is going to happen while the Republicans control congress, period. What could be done when the next administration comes in? Not just about the ballroom, but the various other things like this pardon. What of these actions are prosecutable?
by lormayna | 2025-10-23 16:44:08+00:00
Antennas are really black magic: optimizing an antenna requires stocastich method like genetic algorithms, simulated annealing, etc. Moreover if you want to model the radiation patterns and the electrical characteristics you need to use finite element calculation methods. So, you need a lot of computation power as antenna are not a problem that can be solved in a closed form.

Source: I almost burnt my PC on simulating a dipole array while studying for the antennas course at the university
Show HN: OpenAI ChatGPT App starter DevXP feels like 2010, I built a better one
by Eldodi | 2025-10-23 16:44:18+00:00
Hi HN!

Two weeks ago at their Dev Days, OpenAI unveiled ChatGPT apps, interactive widgets that render inside ChatGPT using the Apps SDK and MCP. Building them using their template repository was surprisingly painful: every time you make a change on your React widget, you need to rerun the entire build pipeline to get fresh JS and CSS assets. The dev feedback loop was pretty terrible.

That’s why I built a TypeScript starter that gets you up and running in under a minute. Clone, npm install, npm run dev, paste your ngrok URL into ChatGPT, and you're iterating on widgets with Hot Module Reload in the ChatGPT interface, just like building a regular web app. When you're ready to ship, the production build pipeline deploys instantly to Alpic or any other PaaS.

What's included: - Vite dev server with Hot Module Reload (HMR) piggy-backed on your MCP server Express server - Skybridge framework: an abstraction layer I built on top of OpenAI's skybridge runtime that maps MCP tool invocations to React widgets, eliminating manual iframe communication and component wiring. - Production build pipeline: one-click deploy to Alpic.ai (with bundling, hosting, auth, MCP-specific analytics included) or elsewhere - No lock-in: uses the official MCP SDK, works with OpenAI's examples

Quick start:

git clone https://github.com/alpic-ai/apps-sdk-template

cd apps-sdk-template

pnpm install && pnpm run dev

ngrok http 3000

# Add https://your-url.ngrok-free.app/mcp to ChatGPT Settings → Connectors

Feedback welcome, especially if you hit rough edges or want specific features!

Starter Kit GitHub → https://github.com/alpic-ai/apps-sdk-template

Skybridge Github → https://github.com/alpic-ai/skybridge
by MountDoom | 2025-10-23 16:44:22+00:00
Did this article travel forward in time from the year 1999?

In the early days of the internet, there was definitely a good number of techies who were in control of the infrastructure and believed that as long as you don't mess with other people's toys, you should be allowed to roam freely online. But even then, this wasn't the universal consensus. You would still get shown the door for certain behaviors on the Usenet or on web forums. And many ISPs would still drop you for hard porn, gore, or piracy.

But today, the consensus is that tech companies are the guardians of morality. You can get deplatformed quite easily from all the major platforms just for saying things that others disagree with. Your private files in the cloud (and sometimes on the device) get scanned for contraband. Search engines and LLMs are carefully engineered to never say or encourage the wrong things, and to flag certain things for human review. You'd be hard-pressed to find an online platform or a Western ISP that doesn't bow to social pressures.
by cbondurant | 2025-10-23 16:44:45+00:00
Every time I have ever had the displeasure of looking at an X.whatever spec, I always end up coming away with the same conclusion.

Somehow, despite these specifications being 90% metadata by weight, they seem to consistently forget the part of the spec that lets you actually know what something is. and that part is just left up to context.

I could well be missing something, but a majority of the time it feels to me like they set out to make a database schema, and accidentally wrote the sqlite file format spec instead.

Like thanks, its nice that I can parse this into a data structure :). It would be nicer, however if doing so gave me any idea of what I can do with the data I've parsed.

Though to be fair I feel the same way about the entire concept of XML schemas. The fact that you theoretically can validate an xml document against a schema is honestly completely useless. If I am parsing XML, its because my code already knows what information it needs from the XML document, and really it should also know where that information is. I don't need a separate schema definition to tell me that! its already expressed!! In the part where I am parsing out the data I need!!!
Show HN: VT Code – LLM-agnostic coding agent with MCP/ACP and sandboxed tools
by vinhnx | 2025-10-23 16:44:49+00:00
VT Code is a Rust CLI/TUI coding agent that works semantically on code (Tree-sitter + ast-grep), routes across multiple LLMs (incl. local via Ollama), and integrates with editors via ACP and external tools via MCP. It focuses on safety (workspace boundaries, per-tool Allow/Prompt/Deny, sandboxed commands/timeouts) and reproducibility (TOML config, caching, summarization).

What’s different: - AST-aware search/refactors with preview-before-apply - Provider-agnostic routing with failover and cost/latency-aware caching - Policy-gated tools and strict workspace boundaries - Terminal-first ergonomics you can script

Install:

cargo install vtcode # or brew install vinhnx/tap/vtcode npm install -g vtcode

Quick start:

export OPENAI_API_KEY=... # or another provider key vtcode vtcode ask "Find md5 usages across the repo and propose SHA-256 replacements (show diff)" vtcode ask "Search for .unwrap() on Result and suggest safer handling"

Status: research preview (MIT). Feedback welcome on ergonomics, ACP/MCP DX, safety defaults, and real-world AST refactor recipes.
by walkabout | 2025-10-23 16:44:57+00:00
An enormous proportion of Republican voters were already Trumpers as early as the ‘90s, but didn’t have a candidate yet, so had to settle for “vote Republican to keep the democrats from doing all the bad things Rush says they will”.

Republican partisan-propaganda media after anti-trust de-fanging (mid ‘70s) and media deregulation (‘80s-‘00s) became huge, and cultivated an electorate that wanted Trump but had to settle for tepidly-socially-conservative neoliberal Republicans. Such voters would tell you all day long about how we should just build a border wall (or mine it…), cut trade and foreign military engagements (though those have some cross-aisle appeal), question why we extend civil rights and due process to [pick a group], tell you we should use the military against protesters in cities, wonder why anyone opposes cops beating suspects unless they love crime, and so on, and they’d tell you that stuff many years before Trump’s 2016 run.
by epiccoleman | 2025-10-23 16:45:10+00:00
I had a blast with this. I got Claude to write a function for encoding a string to Morse and sending it, and then a patch that displays a 10-character rolling display next to the name of other users. From what I can tell with zero Morse code experience, most users are just sending random characters by accident.

I was pretty pleased to see it work when I ran two windows side-by-side, called `sendMorse('never gonna give you up')` in one window, and then watched it roll through the display on the other window.

Code here, if you'd like to try the same thing: https://gist.github.com/epiccoleman/58560a6469a163050f7aa888...
by wkat4242 | 2025-10-23 16:45:29+00:00
As a VR enthusiast, cardboard was terrible for adoption.

Every time id demo real VR people would be like "oh yeah those rollercoaster videos that make you sick". Because cardboard was shitty 3DoF tracking that causes nausea, was used only for non-interactive experiences and was generally really low quality. It did more to hurt VR adoption than promote it.
by ux266478 | 2025-10-23 16:45:35+00:00
Only the entry level license (Technician in the US, covering UHF/VHF) is substantially different from the German one, and it's also much more restricted. Germany in general is a much better country for radio, especially if you wanted to ever do high power broadcasting.

I think the one perk to the US is that the FCC has basically stopped caring about all but the most important frequencies. This makes HF particularly fun, since HF pirate radios are often the best listening stations in the entire RF spectrum. I have no idea what that's like in Germany, but I would imagine given the general ordnung culture and veneration of rules, German hams are much less tolerant of flagrantly unauthorized broadcast stations and your regulatory bodies are more proactive in shutting them down.
by vlovich123 | 2025-10-23 16:45:40+00:00
> what do you mean by this????

https://www.wionews.com/photos/why-firewall-protects-our-sol...

It’s where incoming charged particles and plasma from the rest of the universe collide with the solar wind - on one side the “wind” (charged particles emitted by the sun) heading away from our sun and pushing everything away and on the other incoming particles where our wind isn’t strong enough anymore to overpower them. The firewall is the “boundary”. It’s not literally a wall of fire, it’s not literally wind, it’s not literally pushing away all other particles (some have energies that can overcome the solar wind and some aren’t charged), and it’s not a discrete boundary but more a region of space.

Space is filled with euphemistic language to try to help build mental models of reality that we actually have 0 experience with and can’t really observe but kind of act like things we do know intuitively.

> also where I can study these stuff

Well I got this link by googling “solar firewall” and it’s literally the first link. Improving your self empowerment and willpower to look up trivially accessible information yourself is step #1. There’s also a small up and coming website called Wikipedia that I’ve heard contains information you can go read and contains links to dig deep even further. There’s also plenty of YouTube personalities that devote their channel to “these stuff” that can give you intro-level perspectives as they target a lay audience (eg Neil deGrasse Tyson).
by rehevkor5 | 2025-10-23 16:46:16+00:00
It seems to be an extension of aspects that he talked about in his speech https://www.war.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/4318... Specifically:

> allow me a few words to talk about toxic leaders. > The definition of toxic has been turned upside down, and we're correcting that. That's why today, at my direction we're undertaking a full review of the department's definitions of so-called toxic leadership, bullying and hazing, to empower leaders to enforce standards without fear of retribution or second guessing. > We're talking about words like bullying and hazing and toxic. They've been weaponized and bastardized inside our formations, undercutting commanders and NCOs. No more.

> Third, we are attacking and ending the walking on eggshells and zero defect command culture. > A blemish free record is what peacetime leaders covet the most, which is the worst of all incentives. You, we as senior leaders, need to end the poisonous culture of risk aversion and empower our NCOs at all levels to enforce standards. > I call it the no more walking on eggshells policy. We are liberating commanders and NCOs. We are liberating you. We are overhauling an inspector general process, the IG, that has been weaponized, putting complainers, ideologues and poor performers in the driver's seat.

> No more frivolous complaints. No more anonymous complaints. No more repeat complainants. No more smearing reputations. No more endless waiting. No more legal limbo. No more sidetracking careers. No more walking on eggshells.

> we know mistakes will be made. It's the nature of leadership. But you should not pay for earnest mistakes for your entire career. And that's why today, at my direction, we're making changes to the retention of adverse information on personnel records that will allow leaders with forgivable earnest or minor infractions to not be encumbered by those infractions in perpetuity.

> People make honest mistakes, and our mistakes should not define an entire career. Otherwise, we only try not to make mistakes, and that's not the business we're in. We need risk takers and aggressive leaders and a culture that supports you.

That makes his view of complaints, and his preference that people "take risks" and don't worry about "not being perfect", pretty clear. He thinks those things are "debris" that have been "weaponized" and that he's "liberating" people from. Maybe that seems great if you're in the military. Not so great if you're on the receiving end of those "risks", or if you or your family becomes the broken "eggshells".
by kranke155 | 2025-10-23 16:46:44+00:00
I assume multiple competing systems at this point. You have Team Jorge (and many others) in Israel, Robert Mercer’s rebranded SCL Group and offshoots, whatever Elon Musk has done to X (who he himself said he used to help Trump win). In Portugal there are bot armies and influence operations on every social network - Facebook and Reddit most of all.
by yosito | 2025-10-23 16:46:44+00:00
Ad-hoc blocking of bad actors is bound to be an endless futile game of wack a mole. The way I see things going, the internet is continuing to move away from an open web and into walled gardens. Those with resources will create large walled gardens like the gardens of Meta, OpenAI and Alphabet, each with their own issues and serving the interests of their owners. Smaller walled gardens will exist, but any time they grow anywhere near the scale of the global web of old, they'll face increasing challenges from bad actors anywhere from spam to scams to ai to propaganda and only those with resources will be able to maintain those walled gardens, and they'll only spend their resources on that if it suits their interests.
by vkou | 2025-10-23 16:46:47+00:00
The motivation of the voters becomes a lot more understandable when you stop giving them the benefit of the doubt.

This congress and POTUS is, in fact, a good representation of their values, and they aren't ashamed of it.

(You could have given them that benefit in 2016, and somewhat in 2020, but definitely not in 2024.)
by nickff | 2025-10-23 16:47:33+00:00
Please correct me if I'm wrong, but Zhao was convicted of crimes which were a direct result of his operating a crypto exchange, and not any other criminal activity. It may be possible to operate a legally-compliant crypto exchange, but I am not sure that any current exchange is fully compliant with US law. If we agree on these facts, and think that the 'war on drugs' is what has resulted in 'drug possession' and 'drug trafficking' convictions, then it seems reasonable to say that Zhao was convicted as the result of a 'war on crypto'.

I am actually not sure that either the 'war on drugs' or a 'war on crypto' is a bad idea, but they do seem analogous.