MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by miki123211 | 2025-10-10 00:22:59+00:00
This feels like RLVR, not RLHF.

With RLVR, the LLM is trained to pursue "verified rewards." On coding tasks, the reward is usually something like the percentage of passing tests.

Let's say you have some code that iterates over a set of files and does processing on them. The way a normal dev would write it, an exception in that code would crash the entire program. If you swallow and log the exception, however, you can continue processing the remaining files. This is an easy way to get "number of files successfully processed" up, without actually making your code any better.
by elcritch | 2025-10-10 00:23:43+00:00
> Corporations take their revenue to pay people as either employees or shareholders. I am not sure why we need to tax corporations at all. Take employees as income perhaps, tax dividends, tax shares being sold, but allow companies to use their money productively.

I believe almost the opposite. We should tax corporations more and individuals less. As long as we keep estate taxes to curtail dynasties.

We have far too much concentration in towards ever larger, more powerful corporations. By their nature corporations lack ethics and morals of normal people. Even when operated by well meaning people the system anonymizes individuals and increases group think, etc. That's not purely a bad thing as it also enables large scalable systems which profit humanity as a whole. However there should also be curtails on corporate power and control.
by empressplay | 2025-10-10 00:23:49+00:00
Yes, in Australia what and how much of it a doctor can prescribe is tightly regulated. Many medications require a specialist referral and approval. Any medical procedure requires a specialist to sign off on it.

That and there is often a 'gap' that needs to be covered for GP and specialist services, although that tends to be balanced out by much cheaper prescription costs. (Prescriptions in Canada for example easily cost 2X as much).

However, Australia has a two-tier system where you can buy private insurance cover that can cover the costs of gaps and allow you access to private hospitals. This insurance is much cheaper than the equivalent US versions.
by directionless | 2025-10-10 00:25:03+00:00
To follow up here, it sure sounds like Andre is not entirely acting in good faith.

https://rubycentral.org/news/rubygems-org-aws-root-access-ev... discusses that a precipitating event was Andre asking for a copy of the http access logs to monetize them.

I think this is confirmed by Mike Perham's comment in https://www.reddit.com/r/ruby/comments/1o2bxol/comment/ninn6...

> In this case I have first hand knowledge since he pitched me on the idea: would Sidekiq, being a big sponsor of Ruby Central in the past, be interested if rubygems could somehow use the remote IP to identify the companies downloading the sidekiq gem so I could use that to upsell those companies
by onoesworkacct | 2025-10-10 00:26:19+00:00
Information asymmetry is a thing, but EMH nominally handles that; prices quickly shoot up to the max any one guy is willing to pay

Suppose we have a stock and a bunch of investors. All of the investors have some set of information implying a value v. Except, one investor is smarter and finds an edge (rise of AI or whatever) which implies a value of 2v.

That investor will buy the stock any price up to 2v. The rest of the investors will be happy to sell at any price above v. Given unlimited money the price should stabilise at 2v very quickly.

However there are lots of real-world caveats like, not everyone has an infinite money glitch.. and there are probably second-order and third-order effects like some hedge fund notices the pattern and does XYZ which influences price... options make price a function of expectation of price, then the price of options is driven by the expected price of the same options near execution date... idk
by bsder | 2025-10-10 00:26:39+00:00
> Are pointers really that hard for so many people to understand?

Yes. Especially pointer to pointer to ...

The big problem is that arrays are conflated with pointers because C doesn't do slices. If C had slices, people would naturally avoid pointers except in the cases where they were genuinely necessary. That would make teaching pointers vastly easier.
by mikepurvis | 2025-10-10 00:28:05+00:00
I'd be worried about this too. Like there must be AI bots that "try the doors" on known exploits all over the internet, and once inside just do nothing but take a look around and give themselves access for the future. Maybe they become a botnet someday, but maybe the agent never saw the server doing anything of value worth waking up its master for— running a crypto wallet, a shard of a database with a "payments" table, an instance of a password manager like Vault, or who knows what else might get flagged as interesting.
by miki123211 | 2025-10-10 00:30:55+00:00
Countries are inconsistent in what names they do and do not accept.

Want a name that is offensive in your language? Your country probably won't let you do that, but some other one might, and yours still needs to accept that name as valid.

You can't just go to another country and change your name there, but if you have dual citizenship, you can usually change it in either one, and the other one needs to respect that.
by billy99k | 2025-10-10 00:31:54+00:00
"The need to establish a link between cigarettes and lung cancers – and the backlash that ensued – changed this. Epidemiology and cigarettes grew up together."

This can be proven now, so the science is pretty clear.

'Global warming' is something that might happen in 100+ years and has many more variables involved. We also don't have politicians and governments using it as a scheme to pull vast amounts of money from one group and give it to another.

I'm old enough to remember the claims in the early 80s that California would be under water in 20 years.

Predicting anything 100 years from now with millions of moving parts is nearly impossible.
by bsder | 2025-10-10 00:32:56+00:00
> Vulkan GLSL is the appropriate language to start with.

GLSL is ABSOLUTELY NOT an appropriate language to start with anymore for a huge number of reasons, and I dearly wish people would quit using it for tutorials.

Anyone trying to get into GPU programming is going to be much, much more familiar programming in Slang which is effectively HLSL plus some stuff and HLSL is superficially like C++. As a bonus, you are learning a shader language actually used on Windows.
by ahartmetz | 2025-10-10 00:33:21+00:00
I don't think it's completely true. Higher weight increases the speed at which the glide ratio is optimal, and drag (parasitic drag in particular, unrelated to generating lift) increases with the square of speed. Basically, flying faster wastes more energy. That effect is going to dominate at some point, probably about 120 km/h or so with a typical glider. At 200 km/h, the glide ratio is garbage (but it's fun). I have flown gliders.

I'm not sure if simple descriptions of the phenomenon that glide ratio is independent of weight are missing an asterisk or if I'm just wrong...

A decent glider has a ratio of 1:40, an A320 1:17. Is the A320 a "bad plane" or is it optimized for higher speed with the corresponding worse glide ratio? (It also has engines that produce a lot of drag when gliding)
by raw_anon_1111 | 2025-10-10 00:34:24+00:00
With a statically typed language like C# or Java, there are dozens of refactors that IDEs could do in a guaranteed [1] correct way better than LLMs as far back as 2012.

The canonical products were from JetBrains. I haven’t used Jetbrains in years. But I would be really surprised with the combination of LLMs + a complete understanding of the codebase through static analysis (like it was doing well over a decade ago) and calling a “refactor tool” that it wouldn’t have better results.

[1] before I get “well actuallied” yes I know if you use reflection all bets are off.
by jeremyyang | 2025-10-10 00:34:51+00:00
nope - haven’t heard of anyone hearing back

the in person first week and last week part is making me have to hold off on flights for 2 family weddings I have to appear in too, since I don’t know if i’ll be flying from SF or not.

The program is supposed to start a week from Monday so it’s just disrespectful to make everyone who applied (probably 10s of 1000s) hold up their plans because if this
by 201984 | 2025-10-10 00:35:53+00:00
Very nice!

A couple of notes: you'll want to use non-blocking I/O and an event loop to prevent one slow client from locking up the whole server. You should also check for partial read and write calls, so that if a client sends a couple bytes at a time, you can buffer up their full response and still be able to respond to it. A fixed size buffer for requests isn't ideal either since POST requests can easily blow through your 4096 byte buffer.

You might also want to look into using an AF_INET6 socket. You can still accept IPv4 connections, but you'll also gain IPv6 basically for free, and in 2025, you really should support IPv6.
by rstuart4133 | 2025-10-10 00:36:37+00:00
Ahh, I stand corrected. It is possible to implement an intrusive collection without making the caller use unsafe. For some uses.

For the others he's abstracted the unsafe calls to just cursor_from_ptr and cursor_mut_from_ptr. I suspect they would see heavy use, but he's reduced the safety guarantees you have to prove to the absolute minimum. Colour me impressed. I wish I had thought of that.

I might become the 5,243,766 + 1 user.

As for this:

> Using one when you don't need to would be considered bad, but unsafe exists to be used when necessary. Nobody shuns unsafe code purely for it being unsafe code.

Hmmm. You've just contradicted yourself. You've just said if you were given a safe and unsafe implementation of the same thing, you would shun the unsafe version. Than go on to say "Nobody shuns unsafe code purely for it being unsafe code".

But if you want a another example, try: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45516255. Two of his three reasons are easily solved with unsafe.
by aftbit | 2025-10-10 00:37:19+00:00
I have heard that others have had problems with picking up children from school and with visiting their partners in the hospital. The one and only time my wife has had an issue was at a car rental company (at SFO of all places), where they insisted that she couldn't be a co-driver because we must not be married, and only married couples or employees could be co-drivers (without an additional fee).

I was eventually able to sort this out with the manager but it made me laugh that in San Francisco of all places, they would judge my wife for not changing her last name.
by Imustaskforhelp | 2025-10-10 00:38:06+00:00
I genuinely want to work on postmarketOS but I don't have the technical know-how right now but one day.

I would prefer a sort of dual-boot or just a simple ability to run linux in "android phones"

Like, if we were to build a linux phone somehow hacking it through a raspberry pi or the alikes, they would be so much more costly and subpar.

Android phones have whole globalization working on it and the only reason why they don't work is lack of drivers support/software side, something which can be worked on.

I think if society rewards something like PostMarketOS more/make it easier to install it, then things can be so great as well.

I know I can run a terminal inside android but till now it was only possible through qemu which had its issues...

https://www.androidauthority.com/android-linux-terminal-app-...

I am not sure but I have never really appreciated having linux run inside a vm, I'd much rather run something like waydroid in a postmarketOS phone than linux inside android in an ideal world technically speaking from strictly performance but we don't live in one and installing waydroid on postmarketos or even installing postmarketos can be a very huge issue whereas installing linux on android can be a single step with termux or userLand.
by password4321 | 2025-10-10 00:38:15+00:00
I mention https://www.aurga.com every time this comes up. Wireless HDMI, keyboard, and mouse to their app/desktop client for $95.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45317527#45318263

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41138701#41140193
by 201984 | 2025-10-10 00:38:38+00:00
Arenas would be a better fit for a webserver. Allocations are basically free and everything gets deallocated all at once, so having one arena per active request and resetting it between requests can give very high performance.

Using alloca will result in stack overflows if you use more than a couple megabytes, so it isn't a very good idea.
by lithocarpus | 2025-10-10 00:38:48+00:00
Thanks - I'd not seen DASH-sodium but only the DASH study whose samples it's based on.

Having read the study now: DASH-sodium barely indicates anything about sodium independently. It looks at three biomarkers which _correlate_ with cardiovascular disease, and finds that reducing sodium from high to low levels for four weeks reduced one of those biomarkers by 19%, _increased_ another biomarker by 9%, and didn't change the third. You could say that this suggests higher sodium increases cardiovascular disease risk but that seems like a stretch when if you'd picked a slightly different set of CVD-correlated biomarkers you would have got exactly the opposite result.

Even if the results had been more convincing, the methods are not - it's an extremely short term study and looks only at correlative biomarkers and not at actual health outcomes. There's no meaningful way to quantify the impact based on this.

The potassium study is indeed interesting. It shows among people who already have CVD, a reduced risk of death of 12%. I think it's pretty well known that modern diets have a significant electrolyte imbalance, i.e. not enough potassium per sodium. I do supplement potassium for this reason sometimes and recommend it, though I'd prefer to just have a ton of natural nutrient dense food available and not feel like I need to. So we're in agreement on that one. That said I don't take that study to strongly show that sodium is a primary driver of CVD - it could just as easily be interpreted that the lack of potassium due to lack of real natural food is a cause of CVD (potassium being mostly in nutrient dense greens, and grass fed meat (i.e. animals that ate more natural diets i.e. greens)).

So, thank you - this helps my understanding of the whole topic - not that I know the answers, but it does make me more curious about sodium/potassium electrolyte imbalance being a factor in CVD. Ideally this would be fixed with a healthier diet but it can be hard/expensive to get enough nutrient dense foods.

Edit: oops - I missed the TOHP study - but that's one where they don't isolate sodium: > The active intervention, described in detail elsewhere,22 involved dietary and behavioural counselling on how to identify sodium in the diet, self monitor intake, and select or prepare lower sodium foods and condiments suited to personal preferences. Individual and weekly group counselling sessions were provided during the first three months, with additional counselling and support less frequently for the remainder of follow-up.
by furyofantares | 2025-10-10 00:38:51+00:00
I waited half a day to post this, I think we aren't supposed to question if articles are LLM written - but this one really triggered my LLM-radar, while also being very well received.

I'd love to know how much LLM was used to write this if any, and how much effort went into it as well (if it was LLM-assisted.)
Show HN: Comparegpt.io – Trustworthy Mode to reduce LLM hallucinations
by tinatina_AI | 2025-10-10 00:39:41+00:00
Hi HN , I’m Tina. Like many of you, I’ve been frustrated with how often LLMs hallucinate — confident answers with no real basis. That’s why I’ve been building CompareGPT.io, a tool to make outputs more trustworthy. The new Trustworthy Mode works by: Cross-verifying every answer with our TrustSource, combining our own model with multiple leading LLMs (ChatGPT-5, Gemini, Claude, Grok) and authoritative sources. Delivering each response with a Transparency Score and full references. Helping users quickly see where to trust the output, and where to double-check. It currently works best on knowledge-heavy domains (finance, law, science), and we’re looking for early users to test it out. Would love your feedback, suggestions, or even criticism on whether this feels useful and how we can improve.
by api | 2025-10-10 00:40:00+00:00
I used a Borland Java IDE in the 1990s with auto refactoring like “extract method” and global renaming and such.

Dev tools were not bad at all back then. In a few ways they were better than today, like WYSIWYG GUI design which we have wholly abandoned. Old school Visual Basic was a crummy programming language but the GUI builder was better than anything I’m familiar with for a desktop OS today.
by like_any_other | 2025-10-10 00:40:16+00:00
Please look at the publication date before accusing them of lying. The article I linked was published April 3, 2024. VDARE was charged in September 2025 (and suspended work due to the ruinous financial cost of the prosecution in July 2024). So which facts is my article lying about? Or are you simply presuming that the accusation must be true, despite no verdict yet?
by Imustaskforhelp | 2025-10-10 00:40:33+00:00
hm you can try out userland https://userland.tech/download/ which runs it inside proot and you can use something like alpine or debian and they can actually make the vnc/installing gui setup actually pretty easy.

Highly recommended.

I coded some python with micro in alpine in userland on my phone.

I really really enjoyed it, like more than my pc for that day. I am proud of it.
by babyshake | 2025-10-10 00:41:35+00:00
My biggest hesitation about this is being stuck in merge hell. Even a minute or two needing to deal with that could negate the benefits of agents working in parallel. And I've tried some relatively simple rebase type operations with coding agents where they completely messed up. But if people are finding this is never an issue even with big diffs, I might be convinced to try it.
by aw1621107 | 2025-10-10 00:42:14+00:00
The sleight of hand was changing a comparison of Rust and Ada to a comparison of Rust and SPARK. If you had actually compared Rust and not-SPARK Ada then as in this comment here, I probably wouldn't have said anything.

That being said, now that I'm spending time on this anyways I think there's still at least a few bits of nuance...

> Ada itself includes contracts (pre/postconditions, type invariants, Global/Depends annotations) as first-class language features.

For what it's worth, I believe none of these features were part of the first few Ada specifications. As far as I can tell, Pre, Post, and Type_Invariant (and design-by-contract features in general) were added in Ada 2012. In a similar vein, Global/Depends annotations appear to be SPARK features (!), so as explained above they're basically irrelevant for a Rust vs. non-SPARK Ada comparison.

Why does this matter? SPARK first appeared in 2009, before the features you reference were added to Ada. I think it's a some interesting discussion to be had as to the extent Ada was originally designed to be amendable to formal verification as opposed to how much it evolved to be amendable to formal verification - and in the case of the latter, to what extent Rust could evolve in a similar manner.

And kind of piggy-backing off of that:

> SPARK isn't a separate language - it's a subset of Ada that leverages Ada's existing contract features for static proof.

My understanding is that current SPARK uses Ada's contract features, but since SPARK released before said contract features existed in Ada special comments were used for earlier versions of SPARK instead, which effectively means that before SPARK 2014 Ada "require[d] external tools and annotations" for formal verification.

> ignores that Ada was designed with verification in mind (built-in contracts)

As stated above, built-in contracts were added to Ada, which means that by definition Ada was not originally designed with those features.
by robotresearcher | 2025-10-10 00:43:02+00:00
Financial aid is available for many, many students, and targeted at those unable to pay. They may be called scholarships, or bursaries, or tuition fees waivers, or whatever. A LOT of money (or equivalents) is given to students who are not in the top 10% of performers.

Scholarships for the best students are given partly to obtain or retain those students to the institution. If I have offers from Harvard and Princeton, but one will give me $20K, that influences my choice and that school gets a star student. That’s competition.

Those same schools ALSO subsidize places for students who are unable to pay. Of course some students are in both categories.
by steveBK123 | 2025-10-10 00:43:02+00:00
It's conditional probabilities.

I am not elderly, do not DUI, drive tired, or touch my phone while driving. I put myself in a different risk pool by my behavior.

I step into a Tesla FSD car, I am in the same risk pool as everyone else in one when it decides to run 1% of red lights or whatever other stupid bug in the next release.
by rchaud | 2025-10-10 00:44:27+00:00
The people crowing about states' rights are quick to cheer national guard deployments in cities that didn't vote for the sitting head of state.

The people who shout down calls for student loan forgiveness are in full support of it if it helps ICE hit their recruitment targets.

Why wouldn't those same people, who want international aid to go to zero be fine with a multi billion bailout of a South American country?

America is effectively two different countries at this point.
by Imustaskforhelp | 2025-10-10 00:45:08+00:00
Having a spare battery or being able to change battery seems like a fever dream for people on new android devices.

I am seriously interested in linux phones... like I am interested in either getting a grapheneos phone or somehow looking through my old garage of parents phones to see if any phone can be linux'd

I don't want to spend money right away but I am also a teenager, but the thing that's kinda stopping me from spending is that terminal can already be done through things like termux and the question I am asking myself is: is it good enough I have written back to back comments about it on why I think running android on linux using waydroid seems more performant than vice versa but I am curious.

Are there any recommendations that you have for me? I want to get linux on my phone but I am pretty sure that there are no second hand linux phones and I think it might cost me a lot of money (well for my country) anyway and I feel like the issue for me not being able to tinker is monetary of sorts.
by tstrimple | 2025-10-10 00:45:50+00:00
In practice, I'd expect the majority of servers to go through a tool based lift and shift like Azure Migrate. That's what we're using to migrate around 6k state government servers to the cloud. Where there are opportunities for low hanging modernization, we'll take that route. Like migrating to SQL Managed Instances rather than pushing to SQL in a VM.
by disentanglement | 2025-10-10 00:45:53+00:00
TeX is written in a literate programming style which is more akin to a math textbook than ordinary computer code, except with code blocks instead of equations. The actual programming language in the code blocks and the OS it runs on matters a lot less than in usual code where at best you get a few sparse comments. Avoiding bit rot in such a program is a very manageable task. In fact, iirc the code blocks which end up getting compiled and executed for TeX have been ported from Pascal to C at some point without introducing any new bugs.
by aw1621107 | 2025-10-10 00:45:55+00:00
> That said: the original thread is comparing Ada/SPARK vs Rust for high-assurance systems, and in that context, the language-level difference is what matters.

Sure, and I don't think anyone is generally disputing that Rust and SPARK have different compile-time capabilities. The only point I was trying to make in this specific subthread is that `unsafe` and `SPARK_Mode(Off)` are not as different as you originally claimed.