MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by elcritch | 2025-10-23 17:04:02+00:00
> The fact that you theoretically can validate an xml document against a schema is honestly completely useless. If I am parsing XML, its because my code already knows what information it needs from the XML document, and really it should also know where that information is.

You seem to miss the entire point of XML schemas, or any schema really. Validating a document against a schema isn’t really for your code. It’s for documentation of what can be in a given document and how it needs to be structured. So others don’t need to read your code to understand that.

It then allows editing tools to verify generated documents. Or developers to understand how they can structure XML output properly.

Your code could also use it to verify an XML document before passing it to your code. Then you can inform the user of an invalid document and why instead of just crashing at a random point in code without rolling your own. It can also verify an entire document whereas code may only parse portions leading to later corruption.
by krapp | 2025-10-23 17:04:04+00:00
It used to be common nettiquete to expect new account to "lurk" and refrain from posting until they actually learned the norms of board culture and how to behave as expected.

Hacker News would be much better if all new accounts were banned by default until they were vouched for by users and earned a minimum amount of karma. I understand why this doesn't happen, but the problem of green accounts trolling and posting toxicity seems far worse than occasional mediocre humor.
Show HN: Tommy – Turn ESP32 devices into through-wall motion sensors
by mike2872 | 2025-10-23 17:04:07+00:00
Hi HN! I would like to present my project called TOMMY, which turns ESP32 devices into motion sensors that work through walls and obstacles using Wi-Fi sensing.

TOMMY started as a project for my own use. I was frustrated with motion sensors that didn't detect stationary presence and left dead zones everywhere. Presence sensors existed but were expensive and needed one per room. I explored echo localization first, but microphones listening 24/7 felt too creepy. Then I discovered Wi-Fi sensing - a huge research topic but nothing production-ready yet. It ticked all the boxes: could theoretically detect stationary presence through breathing/micromovements and worked through walls and furniture so devices could be hidden away.

Two years and dozens of research papers later, TOMMY has evolved into software I'm honestly quite proud of. Although it doesn't have stationary presence detection yet (coming Q1 2026) it detects motion really well. It works as a Home Assistant Add-on or Docker container, supports a range of ESP32 devices, and can be flashed through the built-in tool or used alongside existing ESPHome setups.

I released the first version a couple of months ago on Home Assistant's subreddit and got a lot of interest and positive feedback. More than 200 people joined the Discord community and almost 2,000 downloaded it.

Right now TOMMY is in beta, which is completely free for everyone to use. I'm also offering free lifetime licenses to every beta user who joins the Discord channel.

You can read more about the project on https://www.tommysense.com. Please join the Discord channel if you are interested in the project.

A note on open source: There's been a lot of interest in having TOMMY as an open source project, which I fully understand. I'm reluctant to open source before reaching sustainability, as I'd love to work on this full time. However, privacy is verifiable - it's 100% local with no data collection (easily confirmed via packet sniffing or network isolation). Happy to help anyone verify this.
by beardbound | 2025-10-23 17:04:07+00:00
I don't have much of an opinion on React as a library, although they do use it for our web frontend at my work. However something I noticed in the past when I was doing some web dev work out of AUS was that some websites would have incredibly buggy behavior. Keep in mind this was around 10 years ago so some things might have changed. After doing some debugging it turned out that some of the libraries were fairly large, and they didn't have co-located CDN's in the area. The specific ones in that were jQuery. That caused some of the JS libraries to not fully download, or just some of them to time out.

That's a mostly fixable problem with having something like a pipeline that minifies the libraries and has them being downloaded from somewhere closer to your users, or putting them on a better CDN, but a lot of people don't have the time/option/money to do that. It was pretty obvious in that instance since a lot of that was wordpress development at the time and things like plugins/extensions usually don't bother. When I was doing similar development in the US I never saw any of that kind of behavior since so many libraries at the time were hosted on the West Coast where I lived. Also most developers I know aren't super resource limited on their hardware (desktop/laptop or mobile), which might be a factor.

I'm not sure if this is what people are referring to, but just something to consider.
by tstrimple | 2025-10-23 17:05:57+00:00
Just started a Claude Code experiment this week. I'm building a new NAS but instead of using an off the shelf appropriate distro like TrueNAS I just installed NixOS and I'm having Claude Code fully manage the entire operating system. It's going pretty well so far. Initially it would reach for tools like dig that weren't available on the install but after a "# memorize We're on NixOS, you need to try to do things the NixOS way first. Including temporarily installing tools via nix-shell to run individual commands." those issues went away and it's doing NixOS things.

From a clean NixOS command line install, we've got containers and vms handled. Reverse proxy with cloudflare tunnels with all endpoints automatically getting and renewing SSL certs. All the *arr stack tools and other homelab stuff you'd expect. Split horizon DNS with unbound and pihole running internally. All of my configurations backed up in github. I didn't even create the cloudflare tunnels or the github repos. I had claude code handle that via API and cli tools. The last piece I'm waiting on to tie it all together are my actual data drives which should be here tomorrow.

Is this a smart thing to do? Absolutely not. Tons of things could go wrong. But NixOS is fairly resilient and rollbacks are easy. I don't actually have anything running on the NAS in use yet and I've got my synology limping along until I finish building this replacement. It's still an open question whether I'll use Claude Code like this to manage the NAS once I've migrated my data and my family has switched over. But I've had a very good experience so far.
by teleforce | 2025-10-23 17:06:11+00:00
According to ASN.1 Wikipedia entry, most of the tools supporting ASN.1 do the following:

1) parse the ASN.1 files, 2) generates the equivalent declaration in a programming language (like C or C++), 3) generates the encoding and decoding functions based on the previous declarations

All of these of exercise are apparently part of data engineering process or lifecycle [1].

Back in early 21st century Python is just another interpreted general purpose programming language alternative, not for web (PHP), not for command tool (TCL), not for system (C/C++), not for data wrangling (Perl), not for numerical (Matlab/Fortran), not for statistics (R).

D will probably follow similar trajectory of Python, but it really needs a special kind of killer application that will bring it to the fore.

I'm envisioning that real-time data streaming, processing and engineering can be D killer utility and defining moment that D is for data.

[1] Fundamentals of Data Engineering:

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/fundamentals-of-data/97...
by somat | 2025-10-23 17:06:17+00:00
As far as I can tell JS has no way to symbolicly handle unformatted templates and then format them later.

For example, you can't do this.

const t1 = new Template('Hello ${name}'); const str_1 = t1.format({'name':user_name});

You could argue, perhaps correctly, that this is by design and doing something like this is a mistake. But when my whole clever idea depended on doing exactly this, I was a bit surprised when it does not work with native templates.
by p_l | 2025-10-23 17:06:39+00:00
Protocol Wars are also a story of early enshittification of Internet, where attempts to push forward with solutions to already known problems were pushed back because they would require investment on vendor side instead of just carrying on using software majorly delivered free of charge because DoD needed a quick replacement for their PDP-10 fleet. (Only slight hyperbole)

A lot of issues also came from ISO standards refusing to get stuck without known anticipated issues taken care of, or with unextendable lockin due to accidental temporary solution ending up long term one, while IETF protocols happily ran forward "because we will fix it later" only to find out that I stalled base ossified things - one of the lessons is to add randomness to new protocols so that naive implementation will fail on day one.

Then there were accidental things, like a major ASN.1 implementation for C in 1990 being apparently shit (a tradition picked up in even worse way by OpenSSL and close to most people playing with X.509 IMO), or even complaints about ASN.1 encodings being slow due to CPU lacking barrel shifters (I figure it must refer to PER somehow)
by mrbungie | 2025-10-23 17:06:40+00:00
Yep, and their only reference to the word points to a survey that does not mention slop even once (A survey onllm-generated text detection: Necessity, methods, and future directions. Computational Linguistics, 51(1):275–338, 2025., https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.14724)

That's sloppy (hehe), if you are going to redefine a common word for the first time (i.e. references are not possible) at least do it explicitly.
by rayiner | 2025-10-23 17:06:53+00:00
> Because the whole point of laws is that they are not merely the whims of whoever currently sits on the throne.

That views laws as self-executing abstractions, which they are not. Laws necessarily are enforced by people. For that reason, in the U.S., law enforcement is typically assigned to elected officers and their delegates. From the beginning of the republic, enforcement of federal law has been a political activity: https://www.bu.edu/bulawreview/files/2017/04/MARKOWITZ.pdf

“While there was no direct conversation about the general power of prosecutorial discretion in the record of the framing of the Constitution, prosecutorial discretion was an uncontroversial power of the President from the start. President George Washington personally directed that numerous criminal and civil prosecutions be initiated and that others be halted. It has been observed that President Washington’s control over ‘prosecutions was wide- ranging, largely uncontested by Congress, and acknowledged—even expected—by the Supreme Court.’ In the earliest days of the Union, future Chief Justice John Marshall had the opportunity to opine on the nature of the President’s prosecutorial discretion authority in discussing the decision of the President to interrupt a prosecution of an individual accused of murder on board a British vessel and to instead deliver that person to British authorities. On the floor of Congress, then-Representative Marshall described the President’s prosecutorial discretion power as ‘an indubitable and a Constitutional power’ which permitted him alone to determine the ‘will of the nation’ in making decisions about when to pursue and when to forego prosecutions.”
by deathanatos | 2025-10-23 17:07:16+00:00
You should look at what gerrymandering has done / is doing. For example, the entire city of Nashville, TN, has been utterly and obviously gerrymandered out of existence, and the city has no representation in the House. (They used to be TN's 5th.)

This of course does not apply to Presidential elections. The President has multiple times indicated disdain for elections, his party has used "third term and beyond", his supporters have openly floated the idea of repealing the 22A, he's called himself "king" and "dictator".

The VRA is quite literally before SCOTUS right now.

> or, as a last resort, impeachment

"a servile congress" — they understand impeachment. If an attempted coup doesn't get impeachment, nothing will. Regardless, the GOP is going along with the president, so impeachment isn't something that's going to happen.
by schmidtleonard | 2025-10-23 17:07:42+00:00
Yeah, it's the exact opposite: business school teaches you that you should avoid competing on price/quality at all costs and all the ways to avoid competition: network effects, platform effects, last-mile dynamics, predatory pricing, information asymmetry, etc.

Of course, right after teaching you how to exploit all the bad incentives created by capitalism they teach you that the government is to blame for all bad incentives because capitalism only makes good incentives.
by jjk166 | 2025-10-23 17:07:50+00:00
> Fact is he was democratically elected

Mussolini was democratically elected; the Nazis were democratically elected; Caesar was elected; Putin was elected. Currently 56 out of 91 autocracies are electoral autocracies. Being democratically elected is in no way a counterargument against someone being an autocrat, or working to become one.
by ajross | 2025-10-23 17:08:09+00:00
Uh... yes? That $76k is right about median household income, and a little under per capita GDP. Apply that logic to other sorts of finance: mortgage leverage is routinely five times that big, and no one freaks out about how you'll never be able to pay off your home.

Federal budget argumentation is just exhausting. Fight about balancing the budget, sure. Fight about unsustainable deficits, sure.

But to claim that very manageable federal debt payments can't be made is just ridiculous. Yes, the US government is going to pay off that debt. Which is why they were able to borrow it in the first place.
by abstractbg | 2025-10-23 17:09:18+00:00
The analysis happens on the AI server.

Sans proper profiling, I would guess that the CPU going wild during analysis is due to a combination of 1. analysis is streamed live to the client in 20 simulation intervals 2. some post-processing on the client side 3. the fact that I am using a global context and reducer in React which causes the entire page to re-render each time an update happens.

The networks are simple Resnets with a value and policy head. It's 20 layers with 128 channels per layer. I trained for several days on 2x 4090s. However, recently I trained a few networks (Hex 14x14, Amazons 10x10, Breakthrough 8x8) on a GH200 and it was 2x faster, roughly 100 ckpts per 24 hours for Hex 14x14. I'm not sure about the number of parameters but the .pt and .ts files are on the order of 30-90 MB. There's definitely room for improvement using tricks like quantization during selfplay inference.

I'm very happy you like Tumbleweed! If you're curious there's a Tumbleweed community run by Michał (the creator) https://discord.com/invite/wu6Xdtt497 They are currently playing through their 2025 World Championship.
by dualogy | 2025-10-23 17:10:25+00:00
Even with JS/TS app code, instead of Electron, you can still also use Tauri afaict: just minimally get the Tauri binding up in your compiles-to-native lang of choice, and then one can still write the overwhelming bulk of the GUI in JS/TS (and perhaps even most/all of app logic, depending on how much of it is expressible via browser web APIs).

Certainly less bloat this way than Electron, for those with a taste for JS/TS.
by Jare | 2025-10-23 17:10:50+00:00
Ahhhhh PDS the memories and the crashes and the corrupted source files... I used it for 2 years against the ZX Spectrum (and I guess Amstrad and MSX but I don't actually remember) hosted on an Atari ST, and it was fast to iterate. But its speed, compared to development on 3" disks on the target machine, also gave me a glimpse into the value of those moments to think while the thing is building.
by bawolff | 2025-10-23 17:10:59+00:00
Sure. And you can't do it in php either.

I'm not saying its right or wrong just that php is following the trend with this feature when it comes to language design.

I know i said earlier its not for security, but it could very well be for security (not xss though) as format string injection is a common vulnerability in c and python which allow this sort of thing.
Show HN: smartNOC – network in a box for zero-ops
by digitalDP | 2025-10-23 17:11:32+00:00
I’ve been building an infrastructure platform called smartNOC, aimed at managing server environments cohesively and comprehensively, and I have finally achieved a version 1.0 release. I hope you guys think this is as cool as I think it is.

When ChatGPT was released on November 30, 2022, the realization hit me that somebody is going to start using these tools for evil, and knowing how we typically manage our networks didn't bring much comfort. I thought we would need a complete re-envisioning of how we architect our edge networks. So I started building it. I went full time on the project in March 2023, and began writing code May of '24.

What I have built is a "network in a box" that provides the following: 1. Fully hardened linux instances. 2. 100% auditable lifecycle operations across fleet. 3. One-touch provisioning. 4. An entirely new monitoring method to permit real time notification of issues. 5. Scoped to be a zero-ops, self-managed environment. 6. AwarenessUI, my answer to dashboard sprawl and alert fatigue.

Every instance starts from a trusted base image, provisioned with our custom security-guard software: fred - the first-responding enterprise daemon.

I think can be great for managing cloud repatriation migrations, government contractors and it might be a good cloud offering.

I have posted a brief video to YouTube here: https://youtu.be/cFqHfP-PPvo

I'd love to hear your thoughts on my project.
by hex4def6 | 2025-10-23 17:11:54+00:00
I'm assuming the thought process behind the pedal->generator->traction motor is that you can keep the cadence in the ideal / most efficient range. Problem with mid drives is that (at least for me), I prefer lower cadence which means driving the hub drive at a less efficient range.

I don't hate it, but I'm curious to see what they think their target audience is.

Is it someone that wants to do a "last mile" from their car/train to office? Is it a car replacement? Is it a weekend farmers market family bike?

I feel like all of these require emphasis on different aspects. If it's a last mile commuter, it needs to be light / small so it can fit on a train or car trunk. Probably also needs to be light so it's luggable into/out of the trunk by an average person.

I guess for me, the most interesting ebike idea is that of a "last mile(s)". Something that I can easily pack in the trunk, and depending on my mood, allow me to park ~5-7 miles from work and cycle the rest of the way in. There are bits of my commute near my office that are often at a standstill, and ebiking would be significantly faster to skip those. This is much less of a commitment compared to doing the entire 20mi commute by bike.
by gwbas1c | 2025-10-23 17:12:01+00:00
I suspect if Office Online Server was a significant revenue source, they would keep it up.

Instead: Remember that storing files in the cloud is highly commoditized, especially by Non-Microsoft companies. The APIs to hook cloud storage into Windows are well-documented. This is a niche best served by small-medium sized businesses, and/or open-source software.
by president_zippy | 2025-10-23 17:12:15+00:00
Other than DCS, Skyrim, and that one Star Wars game at Dave and Buster's where you duel Darth Vader, I don't see a lot that sings to me just yet. Granted, I could easily get 2,000 hours out of DCS over the span of a decade just flying every third and fourth generation fighter jet ever made.

Maybe VR doesn't need that many games because the small handful of good ones have so much depth and replay value. I guess I just talked myself into a $700 VR kit and possibly a $700 GPU upgrade, depending on whether or not my RTX 3060 is up to task.
by photonthug | 2025-10-23 17:12:28+00:00
> “Settling Defendants have agreed not to provide nonpublic data to RealPage for use in competitor pricing recommendations and to refrain from using RealPage’s RMS that relies on non-public competitor data to make pricing recommendations,” attorneys wrote in the settlement filing.

https://www.multifamilydive.com/news/realpage-class-action-l...

I agree that "nonpublic" is barely related to the problem so how it's related to a solution is unclear. But it seems like this is the only general aspect of the outcome. Otherwise the outcome is just to stop doing this specific bad thing this specific time, and fines that are less than the profit made from bad behaviour.
Show HN: TrendRadar – AI auto-commenter to grow on X
by keterslater | 2025-10-23 17:12:36+00:00
Hello Hacker News,

I’m a solo indie hacker building in public. Over the last few days I built *TrendRadar*, an AI tool that automatically finds trending posts on X (Twitter) within topics you care about and writes comments in your voice. You choose the tone and sentiment, and the system handles the rest – even controversial angles.

Some highlights:

- *Single‑click authentication:* Connect your X account via the official API. No scraping or grey‑area methods – TrendRadar uses an approved X/Twitter application and is fully compliant with their terms of service (FAQ on the site explains this). - *Personalised auto‑comments:* You can tweak the level of controversy, review/edit comments before posting, and set custom prompts so the comments match your brand or personality. - *Real‑time trend detection:* The tool monitors your chosen topics and jumps on trending conversations 24/7 so you don’t miss out. - *Analytics dashboard:* See impressions, follower growth, engagement rate and more in a single panel.

I launched it on my own account three days ago and saw impressions jump to ~40k and my follower count increase by ~50%. There’s a free Starter plan (3 auto‑comments per day) and an Early‑Bird Pro plan for early adopters.

I’d love feedback from the HN community. You can try it here: *https://trendradar.app**.

(If you do sign up, the promo code `EARLYBIRD` will apply a discount to the paid plan – there are 100 codes available.)

Thanks for checking it out!
by yencabulator | 2025-10-23 17:13:25+00:00
It reads like that to me:

> Since Obsidian isn’t distributed through the Mac App Store, it isn’t required to use sandboxing,

> Combined with the fact that its source code isn’t public,

> And that many users rely heavily on Community Plugins (some of my friends have customized their Obsidian setups so much that I barely recognize the app),

> And that users often grant Obsidian access to sensitive folders like iCloud Drive, Documents, or Desktop (protected by TCC or not), etc to open Vault.

> To me, this represents a very serious risk.
by simonask | 2025-10-23 17:13:29+00:00
With current GPU architectures, this seems unlikely. Like, you would need a ton of cells with almost perfectly aligned inputs before even the DMA bus roundtrip is worth it.

We’re talking at least hundreds of thousands of cells, depending on the calculation, or at least a number that will make the UI very sad long before you’ll see a slowdown from calculation.

Databases, on the other hand…
by godelski | 2025-10-23 17:13:57+00:00
> That's rare outside of concurrent intertwined evolution (symbiotic relationships, parasitic relationships, etc).

You seemed to have carved out a way that everything falls under there

Everything evolves together. We're all on the same planet and working in the same ecosystem. Cross species collaborations isn't too uncommon and we even see it happen in some regions but not others.

The point is if you collaborate with your own you're very likely to collaborate with others. The smarter the animal the more common this is