MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by mikeyouse | 2025-10-23 14:38:25+00:00
One really mustn't. There are plenty of people who work in government that actually care about human rights - this 'tear it down' mentality relies on the fantasy that it will be rebuilt in some better form. And this kind of 'both sides' bullshit from the article highlights it perfectly:

> Blaha had already voiced frustration that despite the HRG passing its pilot phase, the Biden administration had not done enough to publicise it, meaning the provision to "facilitate receipt" of information was still not being fully honoured before the Trump administration deleted the channel entirely.

One side didn't publicize it as much as we would have preferred, and the other one deleted it entirely. Both sides are bad!
by 01HNNWZ0MV43FF | 2025-10-23 14:39:07+00:00
It's important to know that anything Elon or Tesla or SpaceX says about freedom of speech or libertarianism, is subject to either the US government or President Trump or Elon's personal beliefs about freedom of speech.

Which so far have been "I support complete freedom of speech. (for myself, and censorship for others)"

They aren't going to sell a product that could be used against them. Our allies are reasonably asking if the high-tech F-35 fighters have kill switches too
by causal | 2025-10-23 14:39:15+00:00
They make money trapping minors and lonely adults in fake relationships with models that push users to get intimate, while harvesting and selling the data. The issue isn't AI girlfriends or porn, it's the unethical business model. If they ever get hacked, there will likely be a lot of suicides. It makes the data harvesting of social media look comparatively innocent.
by AlotOfReading | 2025-10-23 14:39:28+00:00
What do you mean by "second issue"? A second instance of the same underlying problem, or a different underlying problem? The way you phrase it as unrelated suggests the latter to me.

It's pretty wild to jump straight to "they don't care about safety" here. Building a perfect system without real world testing is impossible, for exactly the same reason it's impossible to write bug-free code on the first try. That's not a suggestion to be lax, just that we need to be realistic about what's achievable if we agree that some form of this technology could be beneficial.
by Brendinooo | 2025-10-23 14:39:32+00:00
So in the social media era, I've often thought that two of the best reforms we could implement to combat its ills are to 1) publish algorithms so we know how big tech companies prioritize the information they deliver to us, and therefore introduce a measure of accountability, and then 2) cut a path towards allowing users to implement/swap out different algorithms. So Facebook can still be Facebook, but I could say that I want to see more original posts from my friends than rando engagement bait.

I wonder if something like that could work with regards to how LLMs are trained and released.

People have already noted in the comments that bias is kind of unavoidable and a really hard problem to solve. So wouldn't the solution be 1) more transparency about biases and 2) ways to engage with different models that have different biases?

EDIT: I'll expand on this a bit. The idea of an "unbiased newspaper" has always been largely fiction: bias is a spectrum and journalistic practices can encourage fairness but there will always be biases in what gets researched and written about. The solution is to know that when you open the NYT or the WSJ you're getting different editorial interests, and not restricting access to either of them. Make the biases known and do what you can to allow different biases to have a voice.
by cbm-vic-20 | 2025-10-23 14:39:48+00:00
The article sets up a scenario where two people are editing a document, but have conflicting changes: "If Alice fixes a missing letter in a word while Bob removes the whole word, that’s a conflict."

The article then goes into some examples of CRDTs and their merge operation, and the examples are pretty straightforward: take the maximum of two values, or take one with a more recent timestamp, etc.

But what about the motivating example? What should a merge function do with the inputs "change the third word from 'affect' to 'effect'" and "delete the third word"? In other words, how does the function know which of these operations "wins"? It could ask a user for a manual resolution, but is there a reasonable way for a function to make this determination itself? Maybe deletes are more powerful than word changes, so the delete wins.
by woodruffw | 2025-10-23 14:39:58+00:00
> The first is that the format isn't really parseable without using a schema, unlike (say) XML or JSON.

You can parse DER perfectly well without a schema, it's a self-describing format. ASN.1 definitions give you shape enforcement, but any valid DER stream can be turned into an internal representation even if you don't know the intended structure ahead of time.

rust-asn1[1] is a nice demonstration of this: you can deserialize into a structure if you know your structure AOT, or you can deserialize into the equivalent of a "value" wrapper that enumerates/enforces all valid encodings.

> which is that this ends up being complex enough that basically every attempt to do so is full of memory safety issues.

Sort of -- DER gets a bad rap for two reasons:

1. OpenSSL had (has?) an exceptionally bad and permissive implementation of a DER parser/serializer.

2. Because of OpenSSL's dominance, a lot of "DER" in the wild was really a mixture of DER and BER. This has caused an absolutely obscene amount of pain in PKI standards, which is why just about every modern PKI standard that uses ASN.1 bends over backwards to emphasize that all encodings must be DER and not BER.

(2) in particular is pernicious: the public Web PKI has successfully extirpated BER, but it still skulks around in private PKIs and more neglected corners of the Internet (like RFC 3161 TSAs) because of a long tail of OpenSSL (and other misbehaving implementation) usage.

Overall, DER itself is a mostly normal looking TLV encoding; it's not meaningfully more complicated than Protobuf or any other serialization form. The problem is that it gets mashed together with BER, and it has a legacy of buggy implementations. The latter is IMO more of a byproduct of ASN.1's era -- if Protobuf were invented in 1984, I imagine we'd see the same long tail of buggy parsers regardless of the quality of the design itself.
by bluGill | 2025-10-23 14:40:11+00:00
Having built single family houses before I can tell you that architects consider only the choices they know. That is why were I live there are 1000 stick framed houses for every one built with something like SIP (structural insulated panels), or ICE (insulated concrete block) even though the others are similar cost to build with overall and have some useful advantages for the customer that often would make them a better deal for the homeowner long term.

This also means there are 100 builders in my area who only build stick frame houses and won't even talk to you if you want something else and only 1 or 2 who will even think about those other options. (they do compete with the other builders so costs are not unreasonable)
by ZvG_Bonjwa | 2025-10-23 14:40:28+00:00
The negativity oozing out of this article undermines the main points (of which there’s some good ones). Belittling and admonishing an entire cohort of your peers because they like a tech you don’t is not helpful.

I think React has some fundamental API issues (Solid/Svelte are better) and there’s way too many petabytes of JS out there for sure. But it pioneered some great concepts, and its ecosystem is robust.

Building complex interactive web apps without a framework is still a disaster in 2025. React and friends are not going anywhere until that changes.
Show HN: Customize Claude Code's System Prompt with Tweakcc
by bl-ue | 2025-10-23 14:40:29+00:00
Customize Claude Code’s thinking verbs, animations, and system prompt using tweakcc. Trimmed the system prompt from 15.7k (8%) to 6.1k tokens (3%).

Added modified system prompt to https://github.com/bl-ue/tweakcc-system-prompts.
by Cthulhu_ | 2025-10-23 14:40:33+00:00
But they can fly a plane that detects Starlink signals (...I presume, I don't actually know how it works) and target the areas that have them.

But that's an escalation, it's better to talk about it first with the party in question, if they don't answer there can be further legal recourse. International law and -lawsuits are a thing.

But this comment thread sounds like reason and legal systems aren't working, and suppression and military action are the only recourse left. I mean to a point I agree, but at the same time we (as humanity) are not (or should not be) savages.
by gethly | 2025-10-23 14:40:46+00:00
West moved to service-based economies whilst east built their heavy industries and mining. As services can be always built, the west doomed itself the day it started shipping manufacturing to the east and thinking it can just do the high paying easy jobs from thereon. This is simply the effect of doing globalism the wrong way.

The best part? There is no fixing this. The west cannot afford to start industrialising because it lacks skilled manual labour, it put too many legal obstacles regarding ecology, the costs are astronomical which makes it unviable form day one, and most importantly - it lacks cheap energy which is absolutely crucial to have a blossoming heavy industries.

In short, the west is f'd. Especially Europe as the continent has depleted its natural resources over the millennia.
by whizzter | 2025-10-23 14:40:54+00:00
Yes and no, the JSON handling of things like binary data (hashes) and big-ints leaves a bit to be desired (sure we can use base64 encoding). Asn.1 isn't great by any extent but for this JSON really isn't much better apart from better library support.

Yes, JOSE is still infinitely better than XmlSignatures and the canonical XML madness to allow signatures _inside_ the document to be signed.
by walkabout | 2025-10-23 14:40:57+00:00
Not quite that fast, but not too far off. Certainly a lot faster than building a new factory. Laying chickens start producing in a matter of weeks. Time for breeding to scale is also needed (but very fast), and they’re not producing at max rate for somewhat longer than that, but still, in the scheme of things egg production has got to be among the most-responsive products in the market.
by nabla9 | 2025-10-23 14:41:14+00:00
They pay is conditional. It will fully vest only if Tesla reaches market cap milestones up to $8.5 trillion and operational targets, including delivery of 20 million vehicles, 1 million humanoid robots, 1 million robotaxis, 10 million active Full Self-Driving (FSD) subscriptions. and $400bn in adjusted core earnings.

So witch way it is?

A) Tesla will easily reach all those robot milestones. Musk's pay package is unearned.

B) That robot dream is delusional and if Musk pulls a rabbit from a hat, he deserves his $1 trillion.

I select B.
by MeetingsBrowser | 2025-10-23 14:41:24+00:00
I intended it to be mostly a joke. Many people equate LLVM IR with SSA.

I might even argue that easy to read and easy to reason about are opposites.

For the most part, languages like Python and Ruby can be very easy to read but difficult to understand precisely what actually happens at runtime.

Things like LLVM IR are much more explicit, making it easier to reason about but extremely difficult to read.

Maybe somewhere between is "pure" side effect free functional programs.
by palmotea | 2025-10-23 14:41:28+00:00
> The concept of "bias" as a negative thing seems flawed, as it implies there exists a neutral position that is somehow more correct than any biased one, which typically isn't the case.

Not necessarily. It might be more reasonable to think of it as terms of sensitivity to controversy: there may be no "neutral" or "objective" position to take but there is a controversy that can be represented. If the system just takes a position, it's got a bias and that's negative.
by lbhdc | 2025-10-23 14:41:38+00:00
Isn't website hosting already decentralized? I can host my site on one of the many different providers out there, I can host my own, or even deploy to multiple providers. Users can access my site without extra steps.

Why would I want to host my site on Nostr? What does it do better than the competition?

As a side note, your demo isn't viewable without the extension. Trusting a new browser extension has a high level of friction. It would be nice if your site gave some hint of why a user might want to jump through those hoops.
by titzer | 2025-10-23 14:42:25+00:00
The author of that compiler used that book as a reference in developing it; that book was open on his desk daily.

It had an immutable IR and literally every one of the dozens of passes made basically an entire copy of it. Needless to say, that was slow and memory hungry. It was difficult to follow the transformation passes unless well-versed in CPS.

We replaced that with a clone of the C1 compiler, C1X, which was basically just a Java rewrite. C1X supposedly still exists in MaxineVM, but has been superceded by the Graal compiler in Truffle/Graal, which is a hybrid CFG/sea-of-nodes style compiler based on SSA.
by wraptile | 2025-10-23 14:42:58+00:00
Wikipedia is a good start:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KK_Park

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shwe_Kokko

Statement by US Treasury: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0237

If you ever been to Myanmar you'd know that Burmese simply have no capability of operating something like this, especially now.
by aDyslecticCrow | 2025-10-23 14:43:11+00:00
I have a feeling thats exactly how it was used. But that makes its removal even more odd. The hosting cost must be trivial; an email support form connected to a shredder.

Defund the organization in charge of checking and follow-ups is one thing, but its complete removal just smell of incompetence or acknowledging of wrongdoing, or some sort of performance.

And the response is also baffling. "sorry we migrated it systems and accidentally took it down" is the handwave i expected. not "we follow the law regardless so it's not needed".
by dathinab | 2025-10-23 14:43:29+00:00
possible but unlikely for multiple reasons

- huge braking change with the whole cert infrastructure

- this question was asked to the people who did choose ASN.1 for X509 and AFIK they saied today they would use protobuf. But I don't remember where I have that from.

- JOSE/JWT etc. aren't exactly that well regarded in the crypto community AFIK or designed with modern insights about how to best do such things (too much header malleability, too much crypto flexibility, too little deterministic encoding of JSON, too much imprecise defined corner cases related to JSON, too much encoding overhead for keys and similar (which for some pq stuff can get in the 100KiB ranges), and the argument of it being readable with a text editor falls apart if anything you care about is binary (keys, etc.) and often encrypted (producing binary)). (And IMHO opinion the plain text argument also falls apart for most non-crypto stuff I mean if you anyway add a base64 encoding you already dev need tooling to read it, and weather your debug tooling does a base64 decode or a (maybe additional) data decode step isn't really relevant, same for viewing in IDE which can handle binary formats just fine etc. but thats an off topic discussion)

- if we look at some modern protocols designed by security specialists/cryptographers and have been standardized we often find other stuff (e.g. protobuf for some JWT alternatives or CBOR for HSK/AuthN related stuff).
by tim333 | 2025-10-23 14:43:45+00:00
Fair enough, I think that price is a while in the future but from another article:

>In the meantime, CATL’s rival BYD said that its sodium-ion batteries have made progress in reducing cost and are already on track to be on par with lithium iron phosphate battery cost next year and even 70% less in the long run. The Chinese battery maker broke ground on a 30 GWh sodium-ion battery factory earlier this year.
by the_af | 2025-10-23 14:43:52+00:00
I don't agree with this.

I think that while it's true that in many cases opposing ideological sides optimize for different goals, and that these goals are not always clearly and openly stated, it's not true they never understand each other. Sometimes they do understand each other, but reject the other side's goals as immoral, unsound, or mistaken.

You cannot simply chalk it up to misunderstanding.
by uvaursi | 2025-10-23 14:43:56+00:00
This was true in the 90s if you were lucky enough to immigrate to China and work there for a bit. You would have seen it unfolding and the West would have been none the wiser, as they were fed with an outdated, short lived period of China which painted it in a slow moving, old fashioned light.

This didn’t happen yesterday and it’s not because of Trump. This started decades ago and unfortunately people who raised concerns were laughed out of the room.
by Cthulhu_ | 2025-10-23 14:43:58+00:00
It's not fine I think, and I'm honestly surprised that years of continued cyberattacks haven't led to an escalation outside of the internet yet. Can't be economic sanctions because the US already doesn't deal with NK for example. I am not aware of the victims of state sponsored cyberattacks doing any cyber-counter-attacks either, but that's likely down to a lack of reporting.

That is, cyberattacks are seen as a victimless or economic only thing, not unlike economic sanctions.
by fidotron | 2025-10-23 14:44:06+00:00
The fundamental thing the Economist and so on are in denial about is Trump is doing what he's doing because China have been comprehensively winning every trade engagement for decades, largely because western governments have underestimated them at every turn. There is a certain large VC firm bankrolling many on here that behind closed doors has been saying for a long time that they just look at China for ideas for what to fund in the west, and the closely held honest appraisals of companies like Huawei make embarrassing reading for their supposed western superiors.

What Trump is doing may be too little too late but failure to assert anything would just be continuing to boil the frog. Given how pathetic the western elites are when their comeuppance arrives it will certainly be deserved.
by gavinray | 2025-10-23 14:44:21+00:00
D is a bittersweet topic for me.

From a philosophical/language-design standpoint, it ticks so many boxes. It had the potential to be wildly popular, had a few things gone differently.

If the language tooling and library ecosystem were on par with the titans of today, like Rust/Go, it really would be a powerhouse language.
by mholt | 2025-10-23 14:44:41+00:00
I got my amateur radio license last year, and this is precisely why I haven't been able to do much with it: seemingly all the guides, even the license study materials, use vocabulary I'm not familiar with. I have two CS degrees and a solid foundation in math, but I can't understand how radios work because of vocabulary more than the math.

My uncle who's been building his own radios for over 60 years, tried to explain to me how antennas work, and even to him it comes down to "black magic".

I'm told the way they work is not really intuitive, so you just have to math it out.

Maybe I should have gotten an EE degree.
by nerdsniper | 2025-10-23 14:45:00+00:00
Due to the small question bank, it's very easy for a model to go from 0% to 100% in some category between model versions just by flipping their answer to 1 or 2 questions, especially if they refuse to answer yes/no to one or more questions in that category.

It's hard to take away much from this without a large, diverse question bank.
by aktau | 2025-10-23 14:45:05+00:00
up(1) looks really cool, I think I'll add it to my toolbox.

It looks like up(1) and memo(1) have similar use cases (or goals). I'll give it a try to see if I can appreciate its ergonomics. I suspect memo(1) will remain my mainstay:

1. After executing a pipeline, I like to press the up arrow (heh) and edit. Surprisingly often I need to edit something that's *not* the last part, but somewhere in the middle. I find this cumbersome in default line editing mode, so I will often drop into my editor (^X^E) to edit the command. 2. Up seems to create a shell command after completion. Avoiding the creation of extra files was one of my goals for memo(1). I'm sure some smart zsh/bash integration could be made that just returns the completed command after completing.
by dfee | 2025-10-23 14:45:30+00:00
They wouldn’t send to WikiLeaks before - also, or instead?

Do we have any evidence this initiative was ever staffed and effective?

We’ve extended a lot of credit to a vested institution to police itself. That’s not worked out in other matters, such as warrantless wiretapping, so why do you think this is effective here?

And why would you discredit third parties - especially those designed to be watchdogs?

I can see this initiative being an embrace, extend, extinguish strategy. And, I’d imagine closing this reporting portal won’t deter journalists - especially those on the frontline like WikiLeaks - from reporting on incidents.
by justinhj | 2025-10-23 14:45:32+00:00
Great to see these technical retrospectives. I remember David Jones wrote a similar one for the original Amiga game and it was published in a magazine around the time of the release. It included a description of how the scrolling works and the code was on the cover disk.

It was actually this code that really kick started my own Amiga game programming of demos and games and lead to a two decade stint in the game industry, so I am forever grateful.
by michael1999 | 2025-10-23 14:46:02+00:00
Either can create the other. Thoughts can raise or lower the heart-rate. Bracing the body can restrict breathing. Shallow breathing changes the acidity of the blood which then activates the sympathetic system which changes thinking.

The thesis of TBKS is that the body can continue a feedback loop which encodes a prior strong emotion without active thought. Consider something as simple as a limp that persists after the acute injury has healed.
by hirvi74 | 2025-10-23 14:46:03+00:00
Yeah, absolutely.

I obviously do not condone the behavior of taking down such a website. I truly wish such reports were taking with the utmost severity.

As evidence, look what happened to those that were involved in the violation of human rights in Abu Ghraib Prision [1].

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisone...
by graealex | 2025-10-23 14:46:04+00:00
What's everyone here talking about?

The absolute low-tech solution would be to dedicate a switch for it.

If you have decent infrastructure with a managed switch, you can easily create a VLAN.

Besides the fact that the female RJ45 is usually inside the dwelling. You'd have to unmount the camera, pull out the cables and connect to it, all at typical heights of 6' and above. That's maybe a concern in commercial setups, although then we're circling back to VLAN.