MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by y14 | 2025-10-07 06:01:21+00:00
The hardest problems building this weren’t in the LLM logic, but in everything around it —-observability, access control, and managing context across dbt, Tableau, and code. Finding the balance between a strict semantic layer and LLM agency was tricky. Too rigid and it loses llm magic, too loose and reliability breaks

What worked for me and my users was leaning on instructions + AGENTS.md + metadata as a lighter abstraction layer — structured enough for trust, but flexible enough to keep the model useful.

If you’ve been exploring similar ideas or trying to productionize AI analysts, I’d love to hear how you’re approaching it
by secret-noun | 2025-10-07 06:01:45+00:00
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtm...

> a video streaming service that serves consumers residing in the state shall not transmit the audio of commercial advertisements louder than the video content the advertisements accompany

I was hoping we'd find a more precise definition. Couldn't this be gamed by editing a short (1 second, for example) segment of the intended content to have loud audio to artificially set the upper bound?
by iswapna_ | 2025-10-07 06:02:48+00:00
LLMs are trained to predict a bunch of tokens (GenAI produces text) from all the previous seen tokens, based on the data it was trained on. It does not understand anything about the spatial relationships like lines, objects etc in an image. "Not even the people who built them" - We have no real understanding of how LLMs work, yet. Traditional ML theory (classification/regression/clustering) largely does not apply to LLM's emergent capabilities like coding, arithmetic and reasoning. No such theory exists today. People are trying.
by darth_avocado | 2025-10-07 06:03:51+00:00
This assumes that having more doctors will fix the problems and I can tell you it won’t. I’ve unfortunately had to experience what’s described in the article multiple times in recent years, with the only silver lining that I’m not dead yet.

Majority of doctors simply do not go beyond the textbook definition of “standard of care”. You tell them this doesn’t feel like flu? Nope go back with Tylenol and come back if gets worse. Still not getting better 10 days later and you tell them your sinuses are clogged and hurting? Let’s get you Flonase and send you back. Finally you’re half conscious and in the ER almost 3 weeks in? Ohh my bad, should’ve started antibiotics a while ago.

Get transferred to a new urgent care because the one that sent you back with a Tylenol yesterday can’t take you in today because you got worse? Let’s start from scratch and tell you exactly what you heard yesterday and refuse to do more tests.

Most doctors I’ve had to interact with are laughably clueless when it comes to even slightly non standard illnesses. They are highly opinionated and refuse to do things differently. And surprisingly the only good doctors that I’ve encountered are the older ones, sometimes closer to retirement. Maybe something went horribly wrong in the past 50 years but the new ones are terrible. No wonder people lose their lives when they get sent back home with NyQuil and Tylenol.
by Woodi | 2025-10-07 06:04:27+00:00
> For Microsoft's purposes the main way of making money from Windows is from business and enterprise sales, and those sales will exist pretty much indefinitely.

Yes, and making corporations and smaller businesses donate their stuff via official spyware os, clouded "services" and "agents" is perfect opportunity for spyware creator :) It is hard to blame them for wanting this :) Except that, probably, will explode in their faces...
by stingraycharles | 2025-10-07 06:04:48+00:00
That’s a good insight. So basically we have a whole new generation of authors out there, in the same way we have a whole new generation of coders out there.

Perhaps they can be called vibe bloggers?

What bothers me compared to code is that for software, the code is just a means to and end. But for articles, it’s much more than that.

I wonder how this will end up affecting our lives. Last week I saw a video that highlighted how AI is already affecting our vocabulary. It introduces words not typically used in American English (but more commonly used in Nigeria, where a lot of content writing is outsourced to) into mainstream media.

I can totally see how this will slowly start affecting language itself.
by kdavis | 2025-10-07 06:04:48+00:00
A simple question about a spinning needle has haunted mathematicians for more than a century. It led to the Kakeya conjecture, a cornerstone of modern analysis connecting geometry, fractals, and the behavior of waves. Now, mathematicians Hong Wang and Joshua Zahl have cracked the 3D case — a once-in-a-generation breakthrough that could reshape how we understand the Fourier transform. (Also featuring Terence Tao and Jonathan Hickman.)
by lenkite | 2025-10-07 06:05:01+00:00
> Java's package identifiers doesn't work at all, since organizations are far more transient than code (Like, even Sun doesn't exist anymore).

Seems to be working for multiple decades without issues ?. If an organization is acquired (like Sun), they still have access to their namespace. It doesn't magically go away.

> For extra bonus points, the Java directory structure being built around it is just silly, related code ends up far away in the directory tree..

This is just your opinion. Many people like this systematic nature of directory hierarchy for segregation. Also, you do not require to follow this source language convention in case you don't like it. It is only required that the compiled class be in a nested directory structure for class-loader pickup

Ie You can still you put custom_src/foo/MyClass.java with package com.bingo.tringo;, it’ll still compile, and Maven will output: target/classes/com/bingo/tringo/MyClass.class
by handsclean | 2025-10-07 06:05:13+00:00
I want this and am eventually going to try harder to implement it, but the reason is basically because CSS can’t do it. What do you do when you still have more content than fits on the screen? If you just stick with default CSS behavior and make the columns taller than the screen, now you’re scrolling all over the place constantly, it sucks. If you add more columns off to the right, you already probably need to use JS for layout, and it still isn’t nice on desktop, you need to scroll more for each bit of content and most desktops don’t have intuitive side scrolling controls. What you want is viewport-sized “pages” with a dynamic number of columns per page, but this is basically a whole extra layout mode that you need to implement in JS. There was a whole project to let JS plug into the layout engine better, I think it’s stalled now, I don’t know if it got far enough. Then there’s the weird bottom right -> scroll -> top left jump, you probably want to implement a hint or UI there, maybe even column to column since we’re breaking norms here. Scroll snapping is thankfully in CSS now, so we don’t have to worry about scrolling precisely to the next screenful, but we do cost people the ability to put what they want where they want it within the viewport. You’ll need to implement something to make anchor links work again, users can no longer just look at the top of the page. Everything’s going to go nuts when users resize the window, and maybe even more nuts due to browser attempts to keep them “in the same place”, you need to make it some semblance of ok. As soon as you want something non-text your columns will be too narrow, so you’re really going to have to implement complex column-spanning stuff off the bat. CSS thankfully has tools for controlling things like “don’t split this across columns”, but I bet they’ll prove inadequate if you dig into it. You’ve also reduced linearity, it’s now much less true that what’s above is before and what’s before is above, etc.

I’m still interested in this layout, but that’s why nobody does it: it’s far more complex from the web dev’s perspective, bad if not executed perfectly, and still has downsides even if perfect.

I think it’s still popular in places where the viewport size and content are both known at design time.
by onli | 2025-10-07 06:06:19+00:00
There is a browser out there which does something like that for every site. It has a separate area for the tabs, instead of using the full window. That could be okay. But it has a margin around it. Which means that every single scrollbar for every single page does not go to the edge of the screen, completely sabotaging easily hitting the scrollbar. Welcome to the genius of the zen browser.

https://github.com/zen-browser/desktop/issues/1126 is the issue, closed as they won't fix it (thus my snark).

> In the last decade however the trend appears to have reversed: it is now fashionable be to make the scrollbar as difficult to click as possible, by offsetting it, making it narrower, or hiding it altogether.

Afaik Ubuntu jumpstarted it with their minified GTK scrollbar, used in their Unity DE. But that thing was actually smart: It slimmed down visually, but as soon as the mouse entered its region you got the scrollbar handle at the mouse pointer's position. So it made manipulating the scrollbar even easier than a fullsized scrollbar (for at least some usage) while looking nicer. Ofc that usability aspect is something the CSS reskins and other adaptations promptly and completely forgot.
by solstice | 2025-10-07 06:08:25+00:00
This bookmarklet to shrink the width has been in my toolbox for a long time: javascript:(function(){%20var%20myBody%20=%20document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0];%20var%20myBodyWidth%20=%20myBody.style.width;%20if%20(!myBodyWidth%20||%20myBodyWidth%20===%20'auto'%20||%20myBodyWidth%20===%20'inherit')%20{%20myBody.style.width%20=%20'1200px';%20myBody.style.marginLeft%20=%20'auto';%20myBody.style.marginRight%20=%20'auto';%20myBody.style.position%20=%20'relative';%20myBody.style.cssFloat%20=%20'none';%20}%20else%20{%20myBody.style.width%20=%20'auto';%20myBody.style.position%20=%20'static';%20}%20})();
by satonakamoto | 2025-10-07 06:10:44+00:00
In fact, if you search on Amazon, the cheapest option is $0.75 per count. Similarly, on Alibaba, it costs <$0.08 per unit, and on Chinese websites, it is $0.03 per unit (with free shipping within China mainland). This means the price at retail terminals is at least 10 times higher. https://imgur.com/a/pUCliyo
by jasonwatkinspdx | 2025-10-07 06:12:59+00:00
Back in the 90s I attended an anime club where the main host had an amiga with genloc to generate subtitles, and we watched all the anime classics up to that era. The host had a basic understanding of Japanese while not being fluent, but it was good enough that he'd download and retime fansubs. He also funded his own translations with a couple local exchange students.

Even with stuff at this hobby/mature level, the difference in someone actually taking care with the subtitles is not even close to subtle. It makes a huge difference.
by locallost | 2025-10-07 06:13:11+00:00
Solar EROI is not 3. To see that this cannot be the case:

* last year around 600GW of solar was deployed, or 0.6TW

* Imagine a 12.5% capacity factor (which is low)

* Imagine their capacity will degrade linearly to 80% over 20 years (I don't know if this is completely true but it's a rough approximation), thus their average output is 90%

* Imagine they will stop producing electricity after exactly 20 years (which is not true, they will continue to work unmaintained for decades)

They will thus produce total electricity of

.6 * .9 * .125 * 24 * 365 * 20

11826TWh

If their EROI was 3 it would mean it took 3942 TWh to produce them.

China used a total of 9852TWh of electricity in 2024.

I would strongly presume China did not use 40% of its electricity to produce solar panels.
by recursivecaveat | 2025-10-07 06:13:13+00:00
It's the kind of penny-wise and pound-foolish behaviour that happens in any large business. As you say, the productions cost dwarf the costs of subtitling so much it is ridiculous. Every unique frame of that show was literally hand drawn and colored by someone, to say nothing of all the writers, the voiceover, the marketing, etc. To refuse the light penny-shaving required to present the final product in a good light is completely non-sensical. If you have so little confidence then why are you licensing and paying for bandwidth to show it?

However, there is somebody in charge of subtitles, and they don't really care about overall business outcomes. So if they can reduce the budget of their department by squeezing typesetting, they win on an objective metric at the cost of a subjective (ie ignored) one.

While it's true crunchyroll has a lot of the anime market, there are more streaming platforms than ever right now, and people don't just consume a fixed amount of legal anime episodes per week, forever unchanging. If they have it in their head that they cannot gain or lose subscribers, that's extremely short-sighted.
by nerdsniper | 2025-10-07 06:14:27+00:00
AIUI (please correct me if I'm wrong)

I believe you can buy individual copies from a reseller who buys copies in bulk and they are able to create keys in their own licensing portal to resell individually. I believe CDW either is a reseller or partners with Advantech.

If the cost is the issue, I'd probably go for gray-market reseller keys over pirating. Looks like they run $6-20 these days, someone could simply search for "windows 11 iot keys" to see offerings - pick whichever site either seems the least shady or is cheap enough that you're okay losing the money. Always use something like privacy.com to protect your CC info when buying gray-market software keys.

I believe there are bona-fide tools given to large org IT personnel to re-license installed windows as whatever you want, but if you don't have a trusted friend who can provide a trustworthy copy of that, I wouldn't trust anything pirated that claims to do the same thing. There are also open-source tools on Github which can perform the tasks of a KMS and license your copy of Windows as whatever version you want.
by Panzerschrek | 2025-10-07 06:15:05+00:00
Gathering solar power isn't a problem, but storing it is. Lithium-ion batteries can be cheap now, but I am afraid that we just have not enough lithium sources to build as many batteries as we need.

Also it's unclear for me how to deal with winter. Storing energy gathered in summer for consuming it during winter isn't viable, sine it requires too much storage capacity. The only way left is to have enough solar cells to produce enough energy in winter, but it may be too costly, since typical winter power output is several times less than during summer.
by jjtech | 2025-10-07 06:16:26+00:00
This is sort of what Mach does with "out-of-line" messages: https://web.mit.edu/darwin/src/modules/xnu/osfmk/man/mach_ms... https://dmcyk.xyz/post/xnu_ipc_iii_ool_data/

(this is used under-the-hood on macOS: NSXPCConnection -> libxpc -> MIG -> mach messages)
by thomasdeleeuw | 2025-10-07 06:16:58+00:00
If anyone is curious about DSI's and ANSSI's positions referred to in this comment:

The german position:

https://www.bsi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/BSI/Publicat...

"The quantum-safe mechanisms recommended in this Technical Guideline are generally not yet trusted to the same extent as the established classical mechanisms, since they have not been as well studied with regard to side-channel resistance and implementation security. To ensure the long-term security of a key agreement, this Technical Guideline therefore recommends the use of a hybrid key agreement mechanism that combines a quantum-safe and a classical mechanism."

The french position, also quoting the German position:

https://cyber.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/document/follow_up...

"As outlined in the previous position paper [1], ANSSI still strongly emphasizes the necessity of hybrida tion1 wherever post-quantum mitigation is needed both in the short and medium term. Indeed, even if the post-quantum algorithms have gained a lot of attention, they are still not mature enough to solely ensure the security"
by NitpickLawyer | 2025-10-07 06:18:41+00:00
> I'm optimistic that it's easier to find/solve vulnerabilities via auto pen-testing / patching, and other security measures, than it will be to find/exploit vulnerabilities after - ie defense is easier in an auto-security world.

I somewhat share the feeling that this is where it's going, but not sure if fixing will be easier. In "meatbag" red vs. blue teams, reds have it easier as they only have to make it once, blue has to always be right.

I do imagine something adversarial being the new standard, though. We'll have red vs blue agents that constantly work on owning the other side.
by potamic | 2025-10-07 06:19:58+00:00
It does mention compliance with the CALM act, which lays out the precise methodology by which loudness will be measured [1]

> The Calm Act refers to A/85, and A/85:2013 specifies BS.1770 (specifically referencing BS.1770-1) as the source of its loudness measurement techniques (1770-2 did not exist at the time A/85 was finalized). So BS.1770-1 currently serves as the yardstick by which U.S. television programming will be evaluated for CALM Act compliance.

> BS.1770 recommends the Leq(RLB) measurement algorithm, where Leq(W) the frequency weighted sound level measure, xw is the signal at the output of the weighting filter, xRef is the reference level, and T is the length of the audio sequence.

> The drawback of BS.1770 as originally conceived is that it measures average loudness over the entire length of content. This may be fine if the loudness is fairly consistent over time. If not, a quiet section of content may, as illustrated in Figure 5, bias the average level so that it measures as acceptable despite having some sections that are unacceptably loud.

[1] https://www.telestream.net/pdfs/whitepapers/wp-calm-act-comp...
by conductr | 2025-10-07 06:22:07+00:00
As a self taught person at many things, I will know what I need to know when I need to know it. I’m resourceful.

The idea that you have to have some prior knowledge to recognize and solve a problem is bonkers to me. There may be some problems like that, but the vast majority of things have already been solved and therefore can be discovered by self learners being inquisitive when seeking solutions to their problems

I personally have narrow interest in a lot of subjects. This means I have a fairly wide vocabulary for digging deeper when I want to. And I have the internet as a shovel.
by FreeGuessr | 2025-10-07 06:23:04+00:00
Hi HN, I recently launched TrueSize.net, a tool that lets you explore the true size of countries and regions on an interactive map, without the distortions of traditional Mercator projections.

What sets it apart: - Extensive coverage: All modern countries, over 3,700 local states and regions (like U.S. states), and more than 9,000 historical countries and regions from past maps. - Accurate small countries: Vatican City, Monaco, and other tiny nations are represented closely to their real-world shapes, unlike simplified versions in most other tools. - Holonomy-aware movement: When you move countries across the globe, their rotation adjusts realistically to the sphere. It’s off by default, but turning it on gives a fully educational experience. - Custom GeoJSON/TopoJSON support: Upload your own data, move shapes with true-size calculations applied, and export results. I’ve used this for map processing in PaintMyMap.com, like keeping Alaska’s true proportions when repositioned.

I built this because I love geography and wanted a tool that’s both precise and interactive, useful for education, map enthusiasts, or just playing with global scales.

Curious to hear what HN thinks — whether from a technical, educational, or UX perspective!
by kelvinjps10 | 2025-10-07 06:23:26+00:00
Setting chatgpt to thinking produces the correct result Short answer: no — there isn’t (and hasn’t been) an official seahorse emoji in the Unicode set.

People often remember one (a little “Mandela effect”), and a seahorse was even proposed to Unicode years ago, but it wasn’t adopted.

If you need a stand-in, folks usually use ocean animals like , , , , or . And for the record, the code point some posts claim is “seahorse” (U+1F99C) is actually parrot.
by barry-cotter | 2025-10-07 06:23:54+00:00
Nintendo, Studio Ghibli, Cartoon Saloon. I’m sure there are many others in creative industries since you have to delight customers at least some of the time there. A large part of the reason Nvidia is a big deal is that they were willing to make the best drivers, that they just cared more about making a quality product. Lots of companies well exceed minimum quality necessary to keep customers from switching.
by Ferret7446 | 2025-10-07 06:24:15+00:00
You couldn't survive with just a backpack if other people "overcame their materialism" and didn't own all of the capital that allowed you to survive, like providing you your equipment, food, knowledge, and emergency rescue if it came to it.

Criticizing "hedonism" is its own kind of hedonism, or in common parlance, a first world problem. It is a luxury that cannot be indulged by poor societies.
by jandrewrogers | 2025-10-07 06:24:28+00:00
The BLS maintains a model of “ordinary expenses”, which includes every category of expenditure that most American households spend money on. It isn’t based on necessity i.e. transportation is an “ordinary” expense and so buying an expensive BMW is considered “ordinary” under this model. The category of ordinary expenses is expansive.

The median US household has >$1,000 of income left over every month after all ordinary expenses per BLS. This has been the case for a long time. You can’t be living paycheck to paycheck in the sense of “having no money” if you can spend on luxury items in “necessary” categories and still have considerably money left over at the end of the month in the median case. That is the American reality.

Americans are astonishingly wealthy and they don’t even realize it.
by Phelinofist | 2025-10-07 06:24:52+00:00
I remember the Gintama fan subs. They were awesome. They had a lot of explanation that really made the show accessible for someone not all to intimate with Japanese culture. That also helped with getting some jokes that would've went over my head otherwise.

Nowadays SubsPlease floods the market with their Crunchyroll rips.

Also, I tried watching Komi-san on Netflix but it was atrocious - the timing and placements were so bad it was actually unwatchable.
by pjmlp | 2025-10-07 06:25:07+00:00
> The two major C/C++ compiler vendors (i.e., gcc and llvm) could simply go their own way, with regard to new language features.

They could, for developers that don't care about 80% of the desktop market and one of the major game consoles.

However I am also the opinion that C++26 might be the last standard anyone cares about, outside some language nerds, and that one specifically due to reflection, otherwise I guess many would be happy with C++20 or C++23 as their last standard to care about.
by Tor3 | 2025-10-07 06:25:13+00:00
My native Germanic language has a specific variant of 'yes' which is perfect for when both 'no' and 'yes' alone would be ambiguous. Not sure why not more languages have that. Japanese 'hai' isn't really 'yes' though.. so it's used way differently than you would use just 'yes'. In colloquial speech it's more common uttering various sounds instead.
by gloosx | 2025-10-07 06:25:41+00:00
So if you run as a standard (non-admin) user, don't expose network services, don't insert random USB devices, and never run untrusted executables or installers, can a random person really get remote access to it?

I mean, even if you patch constantly, you are only safe from yesterday exploits — not from the next 0-day, and those keep coming super-often. It seems smarter to focus on hardening the system itself rather than relying on Microsoft to patch things fast enough and hoping you are safe in the gap between discovery and fix.