MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by adrian_b | 2025-10-25 10:18:46+00:00
The proportion of matter and anti-matter depends on the temperature.

With increasing temperature, the thresholds of generation for various particle-antiparticle pairs are exceeded, so those kinds of particles and antiparticles are generated in collisions and become a component of the matter of that temperature.

At very high temperatures, matter is composed of almost equal quantities of particles and antiparticles, of a very large number of kinds.

With cooling, some particle-antiparticle pairs are no longer generated and the existing are annihilated, so they cease to be a component of matter.

When the temperature diminishes to a few tens of MeV, then the only particle-antiparticle pairs that remain are of electrons and positrons, while the rest of the matter consists only of free protons, free neutrons, photons and various kinds of neutrinos.

With further cooling, protons and neutrons begin to bind into nuclei, i.e. nuclei of isotopes of hydrogen, helium and lithium.

Then, with even further cooling, the temperature becomes insufficient for generating positrons, so the huge number of existing electrons and positrons annihilate with each other, leaving a much smaller number of electrons, which is equal to the number of protons (free or bound in nuclei of deuterium, He isotopes and Li isotopes), and the amount of charged antiparticles becomes negligible.

At the stage when the temperature is a few tens of MeV and the variety of the particles composing matter is minimal, any memory of what may have happened at other temperatures is erased.

Thus, we cannot extrapolate the Big Bang towards higher temperatures, because there is no evidence of what may have happened before, e.g. of whether higher temperatures have ever existed. The existing evidence could also be matched by a cooler earlier Universe, which has been heated somehow up to a temperature of a few tens of MeV, decomposing any previous matter.

Our astronomical data is consistent with the visible Universe starting at a temperature of a few tens of MeV and high concentration, then cooling and expanding from that state, e.g. this explains the observed chemical composition of the celestial objects.

It can be fun to speculate about what may have happened before that, but it must be kept in mind that for now there is no way to verify any theory that attempts to model earlier stages, e.g. there is no way to verify if the Universe had ever been hotter than a few tens of MeV, i.e. if there have ever been any other abundant antiparticles except positrons (and antineutrinos, which remain abundant even at the present low temperatures, but the nature of antineutrinos is not well understood even today, as anything else that are named antiparticles participate in electromagnetic generation/annihilation reactions with their particle correspondent, while the exact differences between neutrinos and antineutrinos are not clear).
by imiric | 2025-10-25 10:18:52+00:00
I just tried the same prompt with Claude Sonnet 4.5. (Using a generic "programming" system prompt. It's a bit long, so I won't paste it here, but I can share it if you're interested.)

It generated this:

------------------

#set page( paper: "us-letter", columns: 2, ) #lorem(100)

This creates a Typst document with: - US Letter page size (8.5" × 11") - 2-column layout - Sample text (replace `#lorem(100)` with your actual content)

------------------

Which compiled to PDF without errors using Typst CLI v0.13.1. The two column layout is not visible with `lorem(100)`, but `lorem(1000)` shows it clearly.

I'm surprised you got 20 compile errors for what should be a very simple document.

So I would call this a success. I doubt Claude is that much better than ChatGPT (GPT-5?).

I'm not saying that this invalidates your experience, but I would suggest experimenting with different strategies and LLMs. Try some prompt variations, feeding it more (or less) context, higher-quality context, documentation, etc. These tools are highly sensitive and unreliable, but can be coerced into producing helpful results with some care and patience.

EDIT: I was curious, so I tried the same with ChatGPT-4o using OpenRouter's default system prompt. It produced this:

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// Set US letter page size #set page(width: 8.5in, height: 11in) // Create two-column layout using grid #layout(grid: ( columns: 2, gutter: 0.5in, // space between columns )) // Example content = My Two-Column Document This is some text in the first paragraph. It will flow into two columns across the page. == Section One Here is more content that will automatically be distributed between the two columns. Typst handles the balancing and splitting of content across columns for you. == Section Two You can continue to add as much content as you'd like, and it will remain in the two-column format automatically.

------------------

This failed to compile because of a single error with `#layout`. Still, Typst errors are clear, and I could've probably fixed it easily myself by referencing the documentation.

Then I tried the same model with my custom generic programming system prompt, and it produced this:

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#set page( width: 8.5in, height: 11in, margin: 1in, columns: 2, column-gap: 0.5in, ) = Title Here is some example text in the first paragraph. It will flow into two columns automatically. == Section More text continues here, and Typst will manage the column layout accordingly.

------------------

Which is better, but still failed to compile because `column-gap` is not a valid argument. Simply removing it compiled without errors.

I still would've consulted the official documentation to determine whether this is idiomatic code or not, but these are not terrible results. As with all LLMs, you'll get the most out of them if you use them as assistants, rather than vibe coding tools.
by BrandoElFollito | 2025-10-25 10:19:24+00:00
Could you write a few words why you moved away from TailwindCSS?

I am an amateur dev (I write open-source useful for me and possibly others) and I am prone to the "front-end diarrhea syndrome", where when I see something cooler, I jump on it and regret afterwards the time spent.

I am on TailwindCSS right now and I am afraid to learn the drawbacks, but one must be courageous in life.
by thaumasiotes | 2025-10-25 10:19:50+00:00
> My oldest son, despite his stellar IQ, completely drowned in projects. No idea what to do, when to start, how to start, how to finish it, and even when he finished it, he forgot to turn it in. He simply needs more guidance.

> He's now finally getting better at it, at 16, which is about time, because at the university, you have to be able to do all of this.

You definitely don't.
by jihadjihad | 2025-10-25 10:21:41+00:00
A tablespoon or two of carbaryl dust dumped right at the main entrance hole (at night, of course, and use a red headlamp light etc., nothing bright) will put the hurt on. They carry the dust inside the nest and get it all over the place, but it doesn’t alarm them like spray cans of insecticide do.

Wait a couple days to see activity die down, might need another application. Eventually the queen will die which will kill the colony. Any stragglers can be handled with spray cans.

There are some YouTube videos [0] that show the idea of using carbaryl dust that might be helpful. An insecticide dust applicator would be the perfect thing to use, but all I did was slowly march up to the hole and dump the dust from a cup right onto it.

0: https://youtu.be/DOr0_1DqsTs?si=fl0kpVLWaGfmMeSy
by Broken_Hippo | 2025-10-25 10:21:42+00:00
I think the idea was to get the kids who probably had ADHD to lock in and do their work more

Wow that sounds terrible. My mother used to have me sit in silence at the dining room table to try to get me to do my homework. My god, so much noise. Libraries are similar. People adjusting on a chair, pages turning, pens dropping, car doors outside, eating.... There are just so many freaking little noises. I'd rather have a wall of noise so I can't pick out the distractions and work on whatever I was working on. (Not that it always worked, but I had a chance).
by thraxil | 2025-10-25 10:23:19+00:00
I switched from EE to CS (well, "Computer Engineering" technically) in the late 90s. Not specifically due to Smith charts, but that's relatable. For me it was just realizing that I was procrastinating on doing my EE problem sets, which just started to seem like endless grinding of differential equations, by playing around with whatever we were doing in the couple CS classes I had. I wouldn't say I've made "a large fortune" in software, but it's kept me gainfully employed for a few decades so I think it worked out.
by kotaKat | 2025-10-25 10:23:25+00:00
Even normal television has gone to full on elderly brainrot, and the TV personalities are behind it.

Go watch an episode of 25 Words or Less on your local broadcast station and watch how much slop is peddled on the show between the colorful noises (dear God those horns in the jingles are pure torture). They've fully tied in slop mobile games (some Solitaire game) into main gameplay advertising, they pull in horribly grainy live video from elderly "superfans" joining along from home, it's all just one giant slop machine before the evening news.
by djtango | 2025-10-25 10:23:29+00:00
Almost every cuisine Singapore serves will be sweeter relative to the authentic recipe. For example Korean food here is so sweet my wife thought she doesn't like Korean cuisine until she went to Seoul.

Japanese food is definitely healthier in many respects although there's still a lot of sugar hiding in sushi for example, and oyakodon, teriyaki and katsudon sauces are also often quite sweet.

Shabu shabu is better but so are most hotpots in a clear soup
by Nextgrid | 2025-10-25 10:23:51+00:00
Recommendations are mostly tailored to your history, except with a couple hardcoded slots populated with some general-purpose "engaging" trash from your locale/geographical location, pretty much always political content.

And if you click on one, by mistake or curiosity, now you've sent a signal that you like it and will get much more of it in the next batch of recommendations.
by devjab | 2025-10-25 10:23:53+00:00
Maybe I'm doing things wrong, but I assume this tool is meant to focus on cognetive complexity and not things like code quality, transpiling or performance, but if that's true then why does this:

(score is 7) function get_first_user(data) { first_user = data[0]; return first_user; }

Score better than this:

(score is 8) function get_first_user(data: User[]): Result<User> { first_user = data[0]; return first_user; }

I mean, I know that the type annotations is what gives the lower score, but I would argue that the latter has the lower cognetive complexity.
Anyone used Reducto for parsing? How good is their embedding-aware chunking?
by Bahushruth | 2025-10-25 10:25:12+00:00
Curious if anyone here has used Reducto for document parsing or retrieval pipelines.

They seem to focus on generating LLM-ready chunks using a mix of vision-language models and something they call “embedding-optimized” or intelligent chunking. The idea is that it preserves document layout and meaning (tables, figures, etc.) before generating embeddings for RAG or vector search systems.

I’m mostly wondering how this works in practice

- Does their “embedding-aware” chunking noticeably improve retrieval or reduce hallucinations?

- Did you still need to run additional preprocessing or custom chunking on top of it?

- How well does it play with downstream systems like Elasticsearch or Pinecone?

Basically trying to understand whether Reducto’s semantic chunking is a meaningful improvement over just doing traditional fixed-size or recursive splits.

Would appreciate hearing from anyone who’s tried it in production or at scale.
by ben_w | 2025-10-25 10:31:05+00:00
> What a crappy worldview that is, and while it may have been true in the past, times have changed, and it no longer is the case. People can and will expose and report fraud rather immediately. Of course if one is demented or just not interested in fact-finding, then it makes no difference. Whether choosing to seek truth or ignore it, either way it is a choice.

Sadly, I think the world has moved in the opposite direction.

I must assume that honesty was very important in the ancient world, in order for it to be listed in the Ten Commandments.

Today? Today I'm on a shared network with more humans than there are heartbeats in a lifetime. Even if a fraudster used their real names and not a fake ID, even when they're in the same country and it's not an international scam, even when a fraudster does time in prison, even when you're sure the fraud database itself isn't being gamed (e.g. getting legal threats for libel from listed real fraudsters, or the actual literal president uses their executive powers to pardon them), there's too many other people with the same names to just rely on looking everyone up.
by whitehexagon | 2025-10-25 10:31:32+00:00
I do a full shutdown, since it boots from cold into Asahi in ~30s (M1 Pro). Plus I´d rather have a laptop that I know is shutdown, than this crazy 'we might need to do an update whilst it's in your backpack' fake sleeps.

I think my next laptop will be M2 Pro/Max, but honestly at the moment I dont see the need for anything faster. And having discovered Asahi, I dont think I could ever go back to a BigTech commercial Ad platform OS. This feels like My computer.
by skydhash | 2025-10-25 10:31:48+00:00
> I'd rather be Rembrandt and sketch out the outline, paint the eyes, and leave the rest to junior engineers

What you’re not mentioning is that code isn’t and end product. It’s the blueprint for one. The end product is the process running and solving sone needs.

What makes software great is how easy it is to refine. The whole point of software engineering is to ensure confidence that the blueprint is good, and that the cost of changes is not enormous. It’s not about coding quickly, throw it over the wall and be done.

The process you outline would be like noting down a few riffs, fully composing a few minutes (measures?) and then have a few random people complete the full symphony. It’s not a matter of having a lot of music sheet, it’s a matter of having good music. The music sheet is important because it helps transmit the ideas to the conductor, who then trains the orchestra. But the audience doesn’t care about it.

So same, users don’t care about the code, but they do care about bugs and not having features. Acting on those feedbacks requires good code. If you can get good code with your process, it’s all good. Bit I’m still waiting for the proof.
by rixed | 2025-10-25 10:32:11+00:00
This explains too little. I remember TV before corporate dominance and it was nowhere as bad as cable-TV.

It's hard to believe but initially the content was much thoughful, with actual cultural gems produced for it. Then that content got pushed further and further late at night and eventually disapeared. We can categorize that trend as some kind of "natural erosion" but that'd be ignoring the various forces that fought to change that medium, one of which may be lazy humans relinquishing their soul to the beautiful screen, but another sure one is profit seeking through selling advertisement.

Also, I remember a time when bringing a handheld video game at school would be terrible for a kid's social status. Now it's socially acceptable to spend time in video games.
by rkomorn | 2025-10-25 10:36:48+00:00
Yes, maybe shortsighted is not the right word, but regardless, they misunderstand signal constantly.

I go out of my way to block accounts that post stuff I don't want in my feed and pretty much all of them see that as an invitation to give me more of the same content. Likely because I "interact" longer with the content since it takes clicks to block the account.
by XiphiasX | 2025-10-25 10:36:48+00:00
How can you not understand. Bitcoin’s main and only FEATURE is the fact than from all assets in this planet, and possibly from all assets jn this Solar System, it CANNOT be cofniscated and censored. That’s the knly reason it has any value at all, to circumvent controls. All other assets like gold, real estate, emeralds, fiat, stocks… CAN be confiscated. Bitcoin’s only unique selling point is circumvention of controls.
by judahmeek | 2025-10-25 10:36:56+00:00
> Doesn’t matter what they think about the economy at large in abstract terms;

It totally does. If they say what they care most about is the economy, but they interpret the economy through the lens of whether their political party is in power, then their actions will be radically different than a theoretically objective voter.

If voters say that their top concern is X, but they act like they are willing to compromise on X for the sake of Y, then we should interpret that as Y actually being their top priority.
by mpeg | 2025-10-25 10:37:45+00:00
Yep, I sent one in another comment https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/blob/94abb3c95e53e2a77078...

This is not the easiest to follow code, but it's very similar to what you'd find in any fluent web router, the idea is that you have say an App class, which has a Routes generic, then on every route you add you compose the return types by returning this as App<Routes & NewRoute>, the thing is in the most simple cases you can probably do this cast directly and it will be fine, but as you add more features (things like extensibility with plugins, ability to merge to other app routes, etc..) you might eventually run into limitations of the type system that require a escape hatch like "as unknown" or "as any"

It's not the only case in which you might use it, but I think Elysia is a great example as it does some really interesting things with the type system to provide great DX
by contrarian1234 | 2025-10-25 10:39:30+00:00
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol_A#Health_effects_and...

"In the 2010s public health agencies in the EU,[81][82][83] US,[84][85] Canada,[86] Australia[87] and Japan as well as the WHO[12] all reviewed the health risks of BPA, and found normal exposure to be below the level currently associated with risk."

If it has some health effects, they've been incredibly hard to actually pin down..
by dns_snek | 2025-10-25 10:41:08+00:00
> Yes I did. I actually find it very insulting that you would deny me my own agency.

I am not denying you anything. If you choose to believe in mind-body dualism you're free to do so, but this belief that you have agency which is completely independent of your physiology goes against everything we know about our brains and addiction.

Dualism is what's behind harmful attitudes towards addiction and every other psychological disorder. People use the same exact reasoning to delegitimize depression, ADHD, anxiety, or whatever else they can use to feel superior.

> I am certainty not dyed in the wool conservative either. You just don't know what you are talking about tbh.

Yeah, sure, whatever you say.
by delbronski | 2025-10-25 10:43:06+00:00
Sometimes I think… What if this is just human evolution at play? After hunter-gatherers, humans became sedentary farmers and herders. Imagine if psychology was a thing back then. There would have been so many papers on how this shift was changing the very core of what we were.

What if technology is just evolving us into something else? I can imagine in 1000 years from now our cyborg versions would be walking around with screens inside their brains not thinking twice about it.

I don’t think I’d like that world at all. And I hate what screens have done to my current world. But shit, maybe there’s no stopping it.
by planb | 2025-10-25 10:43:14+00:00
IMHO, Apps can look (and maybe even "feel") any way they want. But when it comes to integration into the system, they should be as native as possible. It'S 2025 and I can't drag and drop from/to the Gmail app on iOS - that's ridiculous (especially because I can't have real-time push notifications for IMAP in the mail app for Gmail account, which as far as I know is also a limitation by the Gmail servers, not by IMAP itself).
My WhatsApp account was banned for no reason
by AlgebraFox | 2025-10-25 10:45:05+00:00
I unfortunately have to use WhatsApp in my country to meet basic needs. I used my account for almost two years, and suddenly it was blocked a few days ago. I submitted a review saying it must be a mistake, and then they unblocked my account with a 30‑day restriction that prevents me from initiating new chats. After three days, when I started a conversation with an “existing” business contact, my account was blocked again. The reason given was that my account was sending “spam.” It’s ironic because I’m the person who sends the fewest messages to anyone on WhatsApp.

I don’t care that a private company blocked me. What bothers me is that they have turned themselves into a centralized messaging monopoly where no one can leave the network. If users leave the network or get banned, their lives are disrupted for months.

I assume my ban might be because I’m using GrapheneOS. Is anyone else seeing a random ban on their WhatsApp account?
by CaptainOfCoit | 2025-10-25 10:45:22+00:00
They more or less had the same goals, different ways of achieving them.

- CSS reset - completely reset all browser styles to be blank essentially, across different browsers, so then you'll build your styling on common ground

- CSS normalize - same idea of resetting to a baseline, but keeping some of the default styling but still make it consistent across browsers, so not stripping away everything
by motorest | 2025-10-25 10:45:35+00:00
> At some point I suspect a perfect score would be branchless code, but that isn’t maintainable.

That's a failure to understand and interpret computational complexity in general, and cyclomatic complexity in particular. I'll explain why.

Complexity is inherent to a problem domain, which automatically means it's unrealistic to assume there's always a no-branching implementation. However, higher-complexity code is associated with higher likelihood of both having bugs and introducing bugs when introducing changes. Higher-complexity code is also harder to test.

Based on this alone, it's obvious that is desirable to produce code with low complexity, and there are advantages in refactoring code to lower it's complexity.

How do you tell if code is complex, and what approaches have lower complexity? You need complexity metrics.

Cyclomatic complexity is a complexity metric which is designed to output a complexity score based on a objective and very precise set of rules: the number of branching operations and independent code paths in a component. The fewer code paths, the easier it is to reason about and test, and harder to hide bugs.

You use cyclomatic complexity to figure out which components are more error-prone and harder to maintain. The higher the score, the higher the priority to test, refactor, and simplify. If you have two competing implementations, In general you are better off adopting the one with the lower complexity.

Indirectly, cyclomatic complexity also offers you guidelines on how wo write code. Branching increases the likelihood of bugs and makes components harder to test and maintain. Therefore, you are better off favoring solutions that minimize branching.

The goal is not to minimize cyclomatic complexity. The goal is to use cyclomatic complexity to raise awareness on code quality problems and drive your development effort. It's something you can automate, too, so you can have it side by side with code coverage. You use the metric to inform your effort, but the metric is not the goal.