MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by II2II | 2025-10-26 17:56:35+00:00
You use the toggle switches on the front panel to set the address to the reset vector and the data to the jump instruction, press a button to load the jump instruction into that address in memory, the press a button to reset the CPU.

More seriously, at least for modern systems: the engineers who designed the computer created a memory map that defined which hardware can be found where. They simply ensured that the reset vector would point to an area of non-volatile memory that can be read directly (e.g. an EEPROM would work since you feed it an address and it returns data, much like RAM). That jump would be to somewhere else in non-volatile memory, an area that would have enough space for the code to continue the initialization process. You would have to ask someone more familiar with CPU architecture why they use an indirect approach. My guess is that many CPU architectures define a vector table, which is a list of places the CPU will jump to when various contditions are met (e.g. an interrupt, or reset).
by Xss3 | 2025-10-26 17:56:38+00:00
Brits do the same. At best it is a dialect at worst an accent. A lot of (most of) Scots is still English but spoken with different grammar or unfamiliar phrases and unfamiliar pronunciation.

Sort of like extreme cockney rhyming slang or for a more modern example thick BME* full of slang.

* = British Multicultural English, think fam n blud, lots of Jamaican english influence plus south east asian influence.
by ErroneousBosh | 2025-10-26 17:57:02+00:00
That wouldn't necessarily solve the problem.

In the UK if you ring 999, you get put through to a 999 call handling centre that'll forward your call onto the police, fire and rescue, or ambulance service.

As part of 999 handling, emergency control rooms can subscribe to a service called EISEC, which will provide details of the 999 centre that forwarded the call and an approximate location of the caller. This is determined from network provider records for fixed-line phones, or from your phone's GPS if you ring from a mobile, or as an absolute last resort the GPS location of the nearest mobile serving site. The protocol is actually published and available to the public as SIN278 (Supplier Information Notice), but you will absolutely not be able to roll your own and expect to connect it to BT's network just for funsies. I know, I asked.

Anyway, to do a full end-to-end test you really need to ring 999, ask to be put through to the service you're testing, and check that your location pops up on their dispatch system. The 999 operators are always happy to help verify lines and so on, as long as you're not excessive.

The one thing you must never do if you accidentally call 999/112/911 is just hang up. DO NOT DO THIS. They WILL send the cops to check out what's going on, and they will send them quickly. If you (or your small child) calls 999, take the phone, explain it was an accidental call and you don't need assistance, and they'll close it off.
by ipsum2 | 2025-10-26 17:57:21+00:00
Apple used to contribute to the PyTorch MPS backend, but decided to create their own framework (MLX) instead, fragmenting the ecosystem for very little gain. (MLX is basically PyTorch, but invented-at-apple)

Meta, the creator and main contributor to PyTorch, does not use Macs for their day-to-day ML work (they focus on GPUs and CPUs), so the MPS backend is sadly incomplete and has errors like the one you see here.
by ssl-3 | 2025-10-26 17:57:40+00:00
Because recommendations can be useful for discovering new things?

I watch all kinds of great stuff on youtube that I enjoy, over a pretty broad range that starts with building drag racing cars and ends with videos of quietly walking through Japanese cities at night.

Somewhere in between those points lies more-technical presenters with a knack for cleanly delivering the best technical explanations they know how to make -- people like Geerling, Lovett, Wendell, Hillhouse, Jones, and Black.

I learn a ton from these people, and I was first introduced to their youtube channels by The Algorithm.

Meanwhile: I never, ever get weird MAGA spam or political hate on YouTube -- and I never have.

Through years of mostly very passive training, the algorithm treats me pretty well, actually.

A browse through my youtube recommendations mostly shows a bunch of engineering, machining, and car topics. Stuff that is replete with general pleasantness, and that is devoid of politics.

Even the clickbait is dialed down nearly to zero.

And maybe that makes sense, for me, since nobody but me has ever used my youtube account for anything -- and therefore, nobody has ever had an opportunity to piss in my well.
Ask HN: Advice for Personal Website Stack?
by bix6 | 2025-10-26 17:58:39+00:00
Hi everyone,

I have a personal website made with 11ty that I push to Cloudflare. I set it up this way since it was super simple and free. A few pages of text.

I am planning to build it out a bit and add things like a photo gallery and a newsletter / blog. So I am thinking about moving it over to a hosted server so just wanted to ask if anyone had any recommendations. I have some (old) experience as a sysadmin so I'm comfortable setting stuff up but I don't want to spend all my time scripting; the content is more important to me at the end of the day. I do have dreams of adding stuff longterm like my own analytics, bot pits, mail server, etc. but we'll see what I have time / priority for :) I'm US West if there's a non-hyperscaler anyone recommends. Would like to keep costs low.
by bdangubic | 2025-10-26 17:58:46+00:00
one has to be out of their mind to prefer carplay over tesla’s native, literally out of their mind. tesla’s tech is far superior than any other car and it isn’t even close.

the problwm with tesla is that it is a dinosaur. I own 2014 Tesla S, my neighbour latest one - it is same f’ing car. tesla X was cool looking… in 2016, now it looks like it belongs in a museum. model 3 is chopped up S and Y is blown up 3. the cars are sooooo outdated it is nuts people still buy them
by m3047 | 2025-10-26 17:59:13+00:00
If you look at the pages which are hit and how many pages are hit by any one address in a given period of time it's pretty easy to identify features which are reliable proxies for e.g. exploit scanners, trawlers, agents. I publish a feed of what's being hit on my servers, contact me for details (you need to be able to make DNS queries to a particular server directed at a domain which is not reachable from ICANN's root).
by hackyhacky | 2025-10-26 18:00:22+00:00
If your claim were true, the polls would show that Americans' view of the economy is broadly aligned and non-partisan: when inflation goes up, it goes up for everyone. But that's not what polls show. When people are asked about "the economy," the repeat what they've been told, not what they've experienced. Polls repeatedly show a strong partisan bias in evaluating the economy, inflation, and unemployment (as well as crime and other factors). Are you telling me that Republicans actually experience a different economy than Democrats, or should we just go with the obvious conclusion?

[1] https://www.sca.isr.umich.edu/files/partisaneconomy202504.pd...

[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030439322...

[3] https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-money/2025/01/3...
by afavour | 2025-10-26 18:00:29+00:00
The criticism around Clara is an extension of the criticism that’s existed since the start of the reboot: that the companions get too much focus. Rose was very much the entry angle to the revival and made sense but the argument goes that Clara took that too far. She feels like the main protagonist in a lot of stories and her departure is a little controversial in that vein but I’ll avoid spoiling that.

The nullified thing is known as the “timeless child” storyline. The Doctor is retconned to not be a Gallifreyan at all and also the source of everyone’s regenerative powers (or something, I honestly forget). It was a totally unnecessary retcon but IMO much worse it was incredibly self indulgent. Most of the audience cares very little about the Doctor’s backstory, they just want enough setup to enjoy the adventures.
by mckn1ght | 2025-10-26 18:00:47+00:00
Whenever I fork a repo I rename origin to “fork” and then add the parent repo as a remote named “upstream” so i can pull from that, rebase any of my own changes in to, and push to fork as needed.

Multiple remotes is also how you can combine multiple repos into one monorepo by just fetching and pulling from each one, maybe into different subdirectories to avoid path collisions.
by JKCalhoun | 2025-10-26 18:00:57+00:00
There's the "1001 Movies to See Before You Die", the "AFI 100"…

Neither of these are bad lists to start with. The "AFI 100" is going to be all American films (some Hitchcock films get a pass because they were filmed in the U.S.?).

"1001 Movies…" has a number of film critics contributing — and all the usual suspects are on the list. Fortunately it includes a good deal of foreign films, silent films, art-house films… So it covers a larger gamut of course.

The wife and I are now up to the 1980's and finishing up a Turkish film from 1982. I suppose we're 5 years into this, perhaps a couple years still before we've done the 1000.

Why go in order? Partly context — you can see how films have "evolved", see when new ideas show up. But also there is some pragmatism: if left to my own devices, skipping around, I might leave until last the silent films, the French New Wave (sorry, I've been only slowly coming to enjoy them), the several-hours-long films, Warhol's films, etc.
by fluidcruft | 2025-10-26 18:01:10+00:00
Verbatim dumping is one thing but otherwise this seems closer to the issue of plagiarism than copyright. If someone studies the Linux kernel and then builds a new kernel that follows some of the design decisions and idioms that's not really copyright infringement.

The bigger issue (spiritually anyway) seems to be the need to develop free software LLM tools the same way FSF needed to develop free compilers. That's what's going to keep users from being able to adapt and control their machines. The issue is more ecological that programmers equipped with LLM are likely much more productive at creating and modifying code.

Some of the rest seems more like saying that anyone who studies GCC internals is forever tainted and must write copyleft code for life which seems laughable to me. Again this is more a topic of plagiarism than copyright which are fairly similar but actually different and not as clear cut.
by ALM | 2025-10-26 18:01:22+00:00
The original commenters critique is valid, as the discussion illustrates and ultimately vindicates. This comment you have left in response is dismissive, childish, and lacking of any meaningful contribution. Although, I suppose with a username like yours it should be of no surprise this is all you could meet them with. It is nevertheless disappointing to see such low-brow low-effort commentary on HN, and it is ironically your comment that is misplaced rather than the original commenter.
by proof_by_vibes | 2025-10-26 18:02:09+00:00
I'm of the opinion that formalization is the biggest bottleneck of current generation LLMs. However, I don't think that this necessarily suggests that LLMs don't benefit from formal methods. Given existing abstractions, Lean4's exceptional tooling allows for more efficient iteration with LLMs and requires less human supervision since Lean's language server provides specific and actionable feedback whenever the LLM makes a mistake. I've also noticed that LLMs can reason about code written in Lean4 far more effectively than in Python, despite Python having orders of magnitude more training data than Lean.

Nonetheless, I concur that LLMs don't yet know how to translate a request stated in a prompt to a complete Lean4 interpretation. My practice so far has usually required me to first choose an existing reference file that is similar to my desired goals, and use this reference as "inspiration" for how the LLM should go about formalization.
by matthewdgreen | 2025-10-26 18:02:59+00:00
By next year encryption will be vastly more prevalent across geostationary satellite links, and it will be entirely due to this research (the actual mechanism being “everyone who ‘knew’ this internally now being empowered to fix it, rather than uselessly ‘know’ it, because now it’s public and newsworthy and embarrassing.”)

I’ll let other people comment on the actual novel elements of the research, because those exist too. But I want to point out that some huge portion of the value of public security research is really “intellectual garbage pickup”: calling out bad technical debt that “everyone knew about” and turning it into actionable security upgrades. Security research is a good part of the reason it’s mostly safe to browse the web on public Internet connections, when it wasn’t a decade ago.

PS As someone who is very cynical about security deployment, even I thought cellular network backhauls would all be encrypted as a matter of course by now, at least in the US.
by nostrademons | 2025-10-26 18:03:06+00:00
In C "x = 0" is a legal expression, so you could have if(x = 0) { ... } and it would assign 0 to x and then treat it as false. The compiler won't complain (unless you have warnings turned on, which you should). But if you do "if (0 = x)", you're assigning to a constant, which will result in a compile error. So "if (0 == x)" guards against a typo where you omit the second =.

The GMail outage of 2010, where Google had to restore 10% of GMail accounts from tape backup, was precisely because of this. A C++ migration script had used the "x = 0" construct, which set the variable to false and made the script go haywire. So not a theoretical concern. The other major takeaway from this was to always treat your migration scripts like production code and use the same warnings, tests, and defensive programming that you would use everywhere.
by voakbasda | 2025-10-26 18:03:07+00:00
Oops. I misread Luca’s reply as willingness to accept a patch, but he said to submit one upstream - where they explicitly don’t want it. So, yeah, deadlock.

Has anyone pushed on this issue? If a patch exists and upstream explicitly says it belongs in the distro, then I expect an explanation from the maintainer(s) would need to be presented to detail exactly why it’s either unsuitable/unmaintainable or left better as-is.
by chrisweekly | 2025-10-26 18:03:56+00:00
Agreed. Also, I feel strongly that logic should be part of the core curriculum in liberal arts colleges if not high school. I took a Logic class as an undergrad, in a course that covered Sentential, Predicate, and Aristotelian (syllogistic) Logic, then became a paid tutor the next semester. It was profoundly useful, and applicable to nearly every other field of study. So many otherwise well-educated people frequently fall prey to common logical fallacies, likely because their grasp of logic is strictly intuitive and implicit.
by jasode | 2025-10-26 18:04:00+00:00
>Having a web interface

It's not the interface, it's the web hosting. People want a free destination server that's up 24/7 to store their repository.

If it was only the web interface, people could locally install GitLab or Gitea to get a web browser UI. (Or use whatever modern IDE code editor to have a GUI instead of a CLI for git commands.) But doing that still doesn't solve what GitHub solves: a public server to host the files, issue tracking, etc.

Before git & Github, people put source code for public access on SourceForge and CodeProject. The reason was the same: a zero-cost way to share code with everybody.
by trhway | 2025-10-26 18:04:27+00:00
>but importantly, they vary by device.

Of course it varies for "civilian" devices from EBay.

They put that count into NRC report. It means that it has pretty specific calibrated meaning for that regulated environment.

>However, even if we accept 100 as the background CPM value, 300 on 100 does not represent significant contamination in a typical environment (but does imply some occurred).

report mentions 300 clearly as something above normal, whatever normal is there. And that is after decontamination. Clearly the source of contamination - the pool - is much higher than 300.
by northlondoner | 2025-10-26 18:05:34+00:00
Please dial it down. You must be mistaken with another country! Cyprus is a member of the European Union and there are very strict regulations on FinTech and other gaming industries.

Recently Revolut has invested under strict supervision from European regulators as well. https://fintechnews.ch/blockchain_bitcoin/revolut-mica-licen...
by gearhart | 2025-10-26 18:05:55+00:00
We use openwhisper for transcription which accepts a list of "words to look out for" which we populate with a short list of the names of all the people and companies most likely to be mentioned in the text, and then we do a spell checking pass at the end using Gemini with a much longer list, telling it to look out for anything that might be a misspelling.

It's not perfect, but it's taken it from being an issue that made all our transcripts look terrible, to an issue I no longer think about.

I imagine just using the second spellchecking pass with Gemini would be almost as effective.
by jerf | 2025-10-26 18:05:57+00:00
"But how to they fully grasp natural language to be able to perform tasks worded unexpectedly, which would be easy to parse, if they understood natural language?"

A Large Language Model. Pardon me for spelling out the full acronym, but it is what it is for a reason.

I think a lot of the whiz-bang applications of LLMs have drowned it out, but LLMs are effectively the solution to the long-standing problem of natural language understanding, and that alone would be enough to make them a ground-breaking technology. Taking English text and translating it with very high fidelity into the vector space these models understand is amazing and I think somewhat underappreciated.
by treetalker | 2025-10-26 18:06:30+00:00
My grandfather said:

Stay away from (1) alcohol, (2) gambling, and (3) loose women.

Extrapolate (1) to all harmful substances (including "mild" recreational drugs like marijuana); (2) to anything with a negative expected value (this could summarize the entire list, but includes lottery, sports betting, speculation on crypto, etc.); and (3) to anyone who hasn't established trust or who has a motive to take advantage of others for a quick personal benefit.

Read Taleb re: ancient, "grandmotherly/grandfatherly" wisdom; and heuristics / rules of thumb.

Read Munger re: invert (think through things backward) and avoiding probable misfortune instead of trying to be "happy". (See my granddad's list above.)

If you're male, the truth is that men in the United States still don't have anything close to equal rights when it comes to marriage, family, and especially children and pregnancy/reproduction. Therefore, I would add: always distrust any casual sexual partners (see Rule 3) and get a very good prenuptial agreement (although avoiding marriage altogether may be the optimal strategy for men nowadays).

Lastly, find and develop tight and trusting professional relationships with a competent attorney, a competent accountant, and a competent financial adviser. Use them frequently and take their advice seriously. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

Godspeed.
by ssl-3 | 2025-10-26 18:06:34+00:00
Oh, I also use SMB for that. A local file share is more than enough for anyone who lives alone, in a cave, and who never has never physically interacted with another person -- and who never wants to.

Plex, meanwhile? It is much more approachable by the lays.

My elderly mother can watch my media with a cheap little Roku box while she sits on the sofa at her house many miles away with a remote control in her hand, using Plex.
by Panino | 2025-10-26 18:07:11+00:00
Apple News is loaded with ads, so this wouldn't surprise me. iOS already has ads.

I just installed Open Street Map (the iOS app is called OsmAnd) and it looks nice! Zoom in/out is much better than on Apple Maps. A quick check of a route I know produced a good map, so I'll start using OSM from now on.
by exFAT | 2025-10-26 18:07:12+00:00
Maybe the English-speaking world. I think most people couldn't place Canada on a map. More people than Ghana or any African country, certainly, but that's because it's more famous. GDP is more correlated to this than population or landmass.

I'm not justifying anything. I also think it's more polite to say "Ghana" rather than "Africa". I just don't agree with the arguments.
by haskellshill | 2025-10-26 18:08:14+00:00
> People can drown on dry land from about a tablespoon of water getting into their lungs.

Well, I don't think there's such a big risk of that. Falling into a pool is something most of us have probably done. Being pushed by a friend as a kid for example. The risk of drowning is probably pretty comparable to the risk from the radiation (negligible).
by georgefrowny | 2025-10-26 18:08:27+00:00
I have previously translated a very small handful of redlink articles into English from another language. Chasing down the sources in the other language and synthesising and cross-referencing with English sources is a fun challenge. To the best of my knowledge, I did an OK job.

While translation tools are a godsend for that, as well as life in general when dealing with a language I am not that good at, LLMs make me increasingly reluctant to do that much more because there is no way I could detect AI slop in a second language. For all I know I'd be translating junk into English and enabling translingual citogenesis.

Bad as the slopwave is for native speakers, it's absolutely brutal for non-native speakers when you can't pick up on the tells. Maybe the gap will narrow and narrow until the slop is stylistically imperceptible.
by ViewTrick1002 | 2025-10-26 18:08:53+00:00
Not sure why you got so worked up?

Then I suppose nuclear power is also a scam given thant 45% of the capacity in Sweden was out last week and we all know how it went for the French during the energy crisis. [1]

The electricity grid is fundamentally running on marginal cost. How will you force everyone with rooftop solar and home batteries to buy horrendously expensive new built nuclear power when they can supply their own electricity?

[1]: http://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/15/business/nuclear-power-fra...
by JKCalhoun | 2025-10-26 18:12:29+00:00
(I know you didn't ask me.)

To pick a decade, the 1930's surprised me with a number of good films that I had not seen. It's also the first "modern" decade in a sense — the films are starting to have the kind of narrative you expect from a film (and have sound).

"Love Me Tonight" (1932), "Stella Dallas" (1937) were new to me and enjoyable.

It was the era of the classic big-spectacle Hollywood dance numbers that I knew of but had not seen. These greats from 1933 alone: "42nd Street", "Footlight Parade", "Gold Diggers of 1933".

Fritz Lang's "M" (1931) if you have not seen it. The infamous "Freaks" (1932) that, by its reputation, I thought would disturb me more than it did. "Captain Blood" and the "The Adventures of Robin Hood" are Errol Flynn in his prime…

Bonus link: Ginger Rogers in the classic opening to "Gold Diggers" — and her impromptu Pig Latin verse: https://youtu.be/UJOjTNuuEVw
by tptacek | 2025-10-26 18:13:33+00:00
I think a founder/early gets away with "CTO" on their resume, esp. if they're the only person in the org with the role (ie: it's a PM-style CTO, and there isn't a VP/PM; or: it's a VP/E-style CTO, and there isn't a VP/E). But outside that circumstance, given the choice, I'd rather have the VP/PM or VP/E role than "CTO".

(As we get deeper into these threads I am further out on a limb.)