MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by SteveNuts | 2025-10-23 21:38:54+00:00
I am definitely not a lawyer, but as a thought experiment, would Amazon be able to take the AGPL Minio source code, turn it into a managed service, and resell that to customers?

Was under the impression that the answer is yes, they could - with the caveat that they'd have to release the modified source code of whatever backend services are also tied into the Minio source code. For example the AWS control plane that would launch customer instances of Minio, monitor it, etc would also need to be open sourced?
by xp84 | 2025-10-23 21:39:16+00:00
Biggest tragedy of the Trump economy: the rhetoric is actually right on a number of these trade things, but the tariffs themselves are so goofy and scattershot and, I assume, influenced by corrupt favors, in that they target a ton of raw materials and inputs, hurting the very manufacturing industry they’re claiming to be trying to help.

A sane application of protectionism would be more like Britain in 1800 - Importing a ton of raw materials from overseas (e.g. cotton), and selling them the products made from them (textiles). Tariff Chinese washing machines but not foreign steel, magnets, and wire that we could use to make our own.

Aluminum, iron, and coal mining jobs, etc, are not what I want to add. Car factories on the other hand, sure. So far, the tariffs have been more likely to hurt those factories than help them.
by dreadsword | 2025-10-23 21:39:44+00:00
Hey - still thinking about sources here. With the data I have, I could actually do an interesting analysis of news sources - i.e.:

- how often do their stories become members of clusters? - how "fast" are they to publish on a topic vs. other competitors - i.e.: who "breaks" the news? - what tags (people, companies, topics) does a given source stick close? Which do they shy away from?

Thanks very much for a really interesting set of ideas to explore!
Show HN: I built Kumi – a typed, array-oriented dataflow compiler in Ruby
by goldenCeasar | 2025-10-23 21:39:56+00:00
Hi HN,

I'm the author of Kumi, a project I've been working on and would love to get your feedback on.

The Original Problem:

The original idea for Kumi came from a complex IAM problem I faced at a previous job. Provisioning a single employee meant applying dozens of interdependent rules (based on role, location, etc.) for every target system. The problem was deeper: even the data abstractions were rule-based. For instance, 'roles' for one system might just be a specific interpretation of Active Directory groups.

This logic was also highly volatile; writing the rules down became a discovery process, and admins needed to change them live. This was all on top of the underlying challenge of synchronizing data between systems. My solution back then was to handle some of this logic in a component called "Blueprints" that interpreted declarative rules and exposed this logic to other workflows.

The Evolution:

That "Blueprints" component stuck in my mind. About a year later, I decided to tackle the problem more fundamentally with Kumi. My first attempts were brittle—first runtime lambdas, then a series of interpreters. I knew what an AST was, but had to discover concepts like compilers, IRs, and formal type/shape representation. Each iteration revealed deeper problems.

The core issue was my AST representation wasn't expressive enough, forcing me into unverifiable 'runtime magic'. I realized the solution was to iteratively build a more expressive intermediate representation (IR). This wasn't a single step: I spent two months building and throwing away ~5 different IRs, tens of thousands of lines of code. That painful process forced me to learn what it truly meant to compile, represent complex shapes, normalize the dataflow, and verify logic. This journey is what led to static type-checking as a necessary outcome, not just an initial goal.

This was coupled with the core challenge: business logic is often about complex, nested, and ragged data (arrays, order items, etc.). If the DSL couldn't natively handle loops over this data, it was pointless. This required an IR expressive enough for optimizations like inlining and loop fusion, which are notoriously hard to reason about with vectorized data.

You can try a web-based demo here: https://kumi-play-web.fly.dev/

And the repo is here: https://github.com/amuta/kumi
by ACCount37 | 2025-10-23 21:39:58+00:00
The knowledge was never the bottleneck for that, not since the days of GPT-3. The ability to execute on it was.

Which includes, among other things, the underappreciated metacognitive skill of "being able to decide when to do math quick and dirty, in one forward pass, and when to write it out explicitly and solve it step by step".

Today's frontier LLMs can do that. A lot of training for "reasoning" is just training for "execute on your knowledge reliably". They usually can solve math problems with no tool calls. But they will tool call for more complex math when given an option to.
by neilv | 2025-10-23 21:40:07+00:00
I think stories like these are important for comfortable blue state liberals to read, for awareness and moving forward.

Coming from a non-wealthy, very religious, partly-conservative upbringing, I turned out to identify as very liberal-progressive. (My parents grew up in rural areas, my mom had a huge wood Reagan campaign sign in our yard, they were big on responsibility, and we weren't allowed to ever miss a single blessed Sunday of church nor religious extracurricular. Yet they were also epitomes of Christian charity, kept us in the city even when my dad's job tried to relocate him, and switched us to a noteworthy progressive church parish.)

As a liberal-progressive with this background, I've had a mix of pride and concern, over the years, about how my current socioeconomic peers have supported some good causes, but also let huge swaths of the nation be thrown under the bus.

There's some truth to the stereotype of the techbro "left" glamorizing greed and exploitation, and focusing on a narrow set of fashionable social issues to support, while ignoring the plights of most people.

This began before "dialogue" "on both sides" devolved into scoring points against the enemy team. Now --especially with the overt rise of the fascist right (and a lot of ears-covering cancel culture on the left), and other intellectual dumbing-down of the citizenry (partly created by techbros) -- it will be much harder to find sympathy, and to reconcile.

But I suppose one of the first steps is for people on "sides" to start understanding the other, including by reading some of these stories about the experiences of others.
by holmesworcester | 2025-10-23 21:40:08+00:00
I know HN viscerally hates crypto, and yes Trump is embarrassingly corrupt, but the charges against CZ were a greater wrong than whatever quid pro quo happened in the pardon.

This is the most embarrassing part of all of it. The US is ping ponging between two very different ways of misusing state power.

CZ was charged with violating a highly technical US securities law that is not common to most countries despite not being a US citizen or ever setting foot in the US. His crime was letting his employees (also non-US and under no affirmative obligation to learn the laws of every country in the world just because they run a website) tell crypto whales they could use VPNs to get the non-US, non-nerfed version of Binance.

The public's interest in protecting crypto whales from Binance is extremely tenuous. Unsophisticated users would hit the geofence. These were whales using Binance because they wanted to, not because they were tricked.

The US's right to enforce arcane securities law outside its own borders is also very tenuous. If every country pulls this level of aggressive enforcement of atypical law on every website (even geofenced ones!) we will have total chaos. Should China, Russia, or India be able to hunt you down for violating some arcane law? No? Then why should the US?

This is also happening in the context of an active public debate over the application of this law within the US, one cryptocurrency supporters won fairly definitively in the last election.

Whatever discretion the law provides US enforcers, they should have recognized that it was wrong to use that discretion and left CZ alone once Binance made reasonable gestures at compliance.

Instead, once their political coalition signaled that they should put symbolic heads on platters, they went about scoring career points. This is the kind of misbehavior that drove Aaron Swartz (a friend of mine) to suicide. We should be clear that it's wrong.

And here we are. A choice between venal corruption and cruel punching down at immigrants on one side, and a blind, symbolic use of power for power and ideology's sake on the other.
by peter_d_sherman | 2025-10-23 21:40:11+00:00
>"GRADD [display] drivers worked the other way around and

a basic driver did almost nothing except provide a dumb framebuffer and indirectly let SOFTDRAW do all the work.

An accelerated driver could hook out certain operations that hardware could do much faster than software, such as screen-to-screen copies, hardware cursors, or bit blits with color conversion. Anything the driver didn’t explicitly ask to handle was done by SOFTDRAW."

[...]

"To give a sense of the complexity of the drivers, the 16-bit VGA driver was over 5 MB of assembler code, heavily macro-ized. The 32-bit VGA driver was over 6 MB of assembler, again using lots of macros. The 32-bit accelerated driver was about 1.5 MB of assembler and 3.6 MB of C code.

In contrast, the accelerated S3 GRADD driver was a little over 200 KB of C code, and the generic unaccelerated GRADD driver was only 30 KB of C code!"
by j-krieger | 2025-10-23 21:40:15+00:00
Not a fan of the other guy but keeping a decrepit old man from the press because you know he can‘t do the job, all while - surprise surprise - the exact same guy who is older than my grandpa when he died gets diagnosed with a long time form of stage 4 bone cancer that can‘t possibly have gone unnoticed while he was having access to presidential healthcare is kind of a big deal.
by cogman10 | 2025-10-23 21:40:54+00:00
IDK, I think Carter's pardon of draft dodgers was a pretty good use of the pardon power.

The problem seems to be that we have unjust laws and punishments. We should have some way to apply mercy in that case. For example, I (hope to) see a future where people jailed for MJ related crimes get a mass pardon.
by Etheryte | 2025-10-23 21:40:57+00:00
Looking at the AST [0], this doesn't seem to be the case. Since Typescript already supports decorators in other contexts, it successfully parses everything and identifies the decorator to boot. Since you're working in a preprocessor context anyway, there's a number of options to make all of this work well together.

[0] https://ts-ast-viewer.com/#code/GYVwdgxgLglg9mABMOcAUBKRBvAU...
by rsync | 2025-10-23 21:41:13+00:00
"In the early days you couldn't swap a mouse between a Mac and an IBM PC, much less a hard drive or printer."

I mounted a 20MB external Apple hard drive:

https://retrorepairsandrefurbs.com/2023/01/25/1988-apple-20s...

... on my MSDOS system, in 1994, by attaching it to my sound card.

The Pro Audio Spectrum 16, weirdly, had a SCSI connector on it.
by prmoustache | 2025-10-23 21:41:17+00:00
> but not the whole car

They actually made at least one model, of which only 3 prototypes were built before the project was cancelled due to the economic situation at the time: the Yamaha OX99-11 supercar was using a detuned version of their formula one v12 engine when they switched to v10. I guess they had built to many of them?
by 15155 | 2025-10-23 21:41:31+00:00
You're free to (attempt to) amend the Second Amendment, but the Supreme Court of the United States has already affirmed and reaffirmed that individual ownership of firearms in common use is a right.

What do you propose that is "reasonable" given the frameworks established by Heller, McDonald, Caetano, and Bruen?

I can 3D print or mill basically every item you can imagine prohibiting at home: what exactly do laws do in this case?
by madmountaingoat | 2025-10-23 21:41:41+00:00
I think most actually know and don't think it's all that much different from what other have done for decades. I'm not saying they are correct to think it, just that they do think it. They think it's refreshing that the corruption is in the open. It's a societal boy-cried-wolf numbness. People are tired of the of finger pointing and screaming about every thing and now don't listen when the real stuff goes down.
by yencabulator | 2025-10-23 21:42:23+00:00
In May, they pretty much said they will not maintain the "community version" anymore.

Exact quote: "it will remain as is, and will only receive security fixes if any”

https://jamesoclaire.com/2025/05/27/how-to-self-host-your-ow...

They've also tried to claim AGPLv3 will infect any networked client code too: "Combining MinIO software as part of a larger software stack triggers your GNU AGPL v3 obligations. The method of combining does not matter. When MinIO is linked to a larger software stack in any form, including statically, dynamically, pipes, or containerized and invoked remotely, the AGPL v3 applies to your use. What triggers the AGPL v3 obligations is the exchanging data between the larger stack and MinIO." -- they've since removed that, utterly unsupported, argument, but the lesson to take home is they're really trying to prevent any non-paid use.

It really is time to stop using Minio.
by koito17 | 2025-10-23 21:42:33+00:00
I did a very similar thing, but without secure boot, and only for PXE booting Linux kernels that are EFI stubs.

If you are lucky and have PXE BC available, then you can actually "re-use" the IP address assigned to your machine if you PXE boot into your application. From there, you can issue two TFTP commands, set up a configuration table with LINUX_EFI_INITRD_MEDIA_GUID pointing to the start of initrd in memory (the memory has to have type LOADER_DATA), load the kernel, use LoadedImage::set_load_options to provide kernel parameters (init, loglevel, etc.), and finally call start_image.

Also went down a rabbit hole yesterday and ended up implementing a very basic DHCP client on top of bare SNP. For reference, SNP is essentially writing raw ethernet frames to the transmit buffer of a NIC. I didn't pursue TFTP or PXE protocols because those would be too much to implement myself. In any case, I successfully got an IP address assigned on real hardware.

The coolest part about Rust is that my DHCP implementation was taken from another of my Rust projects where I implemented a basic PXE server. All I had to do was copy-paste one file and rename a std::net import to core::net. That is where Rust truly feels like "cheating" when targetting no_std environments.
by n8cpdx | 2025-10-23 21:42:38+00:00
There isn’t a single screen I use day to day in iOS 26 that doesn’t have a major or minor defect.

iOS and Mac used to do a good job with things like animations, now they are horrible. Pre-beta quality.

And dark mode and accessibility settings need to just work. That is a core part of the job of every front end iOS developer, including the ones at Apple.

It absolutely is serial incompetence and the Apple engineering leadership that signed off on it should be ashamed.
by yowlingcat | 2025-10-23 21:42:40+00:00
He has a PhD in /physics/ from Caltech, and that was before he became an extremely successful investor.

If I had the platform Maguire had, I'd likely it in a different direction. But I'm not him so who cares? He has achieved significant academic and professional outcomes not in spite of but likely because of the way he is.

Just because you don't like someone doesn't mean they're an unaccomplished idiot no matter how gratifying and simplifying that would be. And I think it's really unfortunate that people let their resentment of others outside their tribe (and often their inability to perceive their tribal filters) get in the way of accurately perceiving reality as it is and not the way they wish it worked. It stunts their intellectual development and maturation into an adult, and I think it's just such a waste.
by svachalek | 2025-10-23 21:43:55+00:00
Wasn't me but I think the principle is straightforward. When you get an answer that wasn't what you want and you might respond, "no, I want the answer to be shorter and in German", instead start a new chat, copy-paste the original prompt, and add "Please respond in German and limit the answer to half a page." (or just edit the prompt if your UI allows it)

Depending on how much you know about LLMs, this might seem wasteful but it is in fact more efficient and will save you money if you pay by the token.
by trollbridge | 2025-10-23 21:43:58+00:00
They're way, way easier than they used to be. In the example from that article, by the time we got GENGRADD, writing a driver was easy enough that I did it (I wanted to make a display driver that made everything green since at the time I heard everything-green is easier on the eyes, and it was a few hours of work to cook up a driver that did that).

In contrast, I worked on a driver about 4 years earlier and the amount of labour was utterly crazy. A Windows 3.1, 95, or OS/2 system needed, at a minimum, these drivers:

- The base BIOS necessary for booting

- A VESA implementation in the BIOS (optional, but would mean the below code could be copy-and-pasted far more easily from a generic SVGA driver)

- (OS/2 only) a "BVH" driver which would set full screen modes, although the default VGA/SVGA was usually enough. Windows 3.1 and 95 would just use the BIOS.

- A 32-bit "virtual" device driver to handle DOS sessions which want to talk to the display adapter, basically making a working VM environment for that specific hardware. The codebase for this was different on Windows 3.x, Windows 95, and OS/2, even though the actual function would be nearly identical. (A Windows 3.x virtual driver could in theory be used on Windows 95, but these usually had odd stability problems.)

- A 16-bit Windows 3.x display driver (could be re-used for OS/2)

- Another 16-bit Windows 3.x display driver for sharing the display between a Windows and the OS/2 desktop, known as "seamless" - these were notoriously difficult to write

- A 32-bit Windows 95 and/or 32-bit OS/2 display driver for the main session... except in the OS/2 2.0 era, the OS/2 display driver would have to be 16-bit, even though the rest of the OS was 32-bit. Windows 95 could use the 16-bit display driver, albeit at reduced performance.

Another frustrating quirk was that the display driver (for both Win 3.1, 95, and OS/2 before version 4.0) would require an implementation of pretty much all of the graphics primitives, even ones that just rendered to a buffer in memory. Most people would write their display driver by taking Microsoft's Video 7 sample code and re-use the primitives in there.
by jpadkins | 2025-10-23 21:44:07+00:00
> What of these actions are prosecutable?

The President must first be impeached by both parts of Congress. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_in_the_United_Stat...

The Senate runs a trial for the "high crimes" with the supreme court justice presiding. They can sentence a sitting president IIRC (or just remove him from office in which the DOJ can then prosecute normally).
by jborland | 2025-10-23 21:44:21+00:00
That's great to hear! Best of luck with it, let me know how it goes.

I definitely think that there is a lot of work to do with context management UX. For us, we use react flow for our graph, and we manage the context and its tree structure ourselves so it's completely model agnostic. The same goes for our RAG system, so we can plug and play with any model! Is that similar for you?
by mrcwinn | 2025-10-23 21:45:30+00:00
Mac is great hardware to be sure. I have to say though, I much prefer an S25 Ultra with Samsung's version of "nanotexture" — even with iPhone 17's improved (?) anti-reflective screen.

I've been very patient with iOS 26. I tell myself - so long as its foundation is right, they'll iron out these details. But it is properly bad often and at times extremely frustrating.
by charles_f | 2025-10-23 21:45:51+00:00
It is disconcerting. Having discussed openly with people who were supportive of similar politicians, their logic is often in the line of "all of them are corrupt, but at least his politics are different". Now when you point that certainly corruption exists, but this is another level, they're getting into non-logical territory. People perceive times as grim and will take whomever offers something else than the status-quo baseline politician I guess. Even if they grift throughout and everyone's worse off in the end.

On a baser level, if you go on twitter, there's a whole slew of delusional people who either don't believe this because of "fake news", another portion that's in the same "Clinton/Obama/Biden were even worse", and the rest just doesn't even care so long as "the libs are owned".
by SmirkingRevenge | 2025-10-23 21:46:18+00:00
The thing is, most won't hear about this at all. It's always amazing to talk to a Trump voter and realize they don't actually hear about most of this stuff

And if it does break through the right info bubbles, right-wing media pundits and influencers will be on-the-ready to quickly rationalize or what-about it away and coax their audiences back to their "happy" places, where they can nurse their favorite grievances about the left, the media, the trans people, etc
by regularfry | 2025-10-23 21:46:32+00:00
1 and 3: intriguing.

With 2, I'm trying to think how effectively it could replace something like ESPresense. With that you've got a BLE tag with an ID that you can just associate with a person, so there's no learning of moving patterns needed, but getting it to be accurate to a room is a nightmare. It also works when there's no movement, which is convenient, and you can put the tag down if you don't want to be tracked. The ergonomics are just a bit nicer, it's just the resolution that sucks.
by SoftTalker | 2025-10-23 21:46:52+00:00
"approached the school bus from an angle where the flashing lights and stop sign were not visible"

I call bullshit on that. Yes the stop sign is only on the left side but the flashing lights are on all four corners of the bus. You'd need to be approaching the side of the bus from a direct right angle to not see the flashing lights.
by xp84 | 2025-10-23 21:47:10+00:00
It is, assuming a permanent and guaranteed peace. But in the event some of those countries our supply chains traverse decide to alter the deal, it could mean we suffer greatly since we depend on others so heavily - and eventually we might find we cannot make anything nontrivial domestically, as everyone who remembers how is dead.

Defense is the most obvious area where you don’t want to be dependent on a country that might decide become an enemy for your military hardware, but maintaining more than just a defense manufacturing industry strengthens the country further.
by preommr | 2025-10-23 21:47:13+00:00
>For your note on different states for screens. Can you elaborate or give an example? I'm quite interested in this mode that you're describing.

I meant the very obvious feature (you might already have it) of objects with properties and a unique id, then a state that indexes snapshots of those objects with different properties. With the ability to diff between states by id of the object. So State1:[Square{id:0, x:0, y:0}], State2:[Square{id:0, x:screen.width, y: screen.width}], where going from state1 to state2 would tween the square from top-left to bottom-right.

I am assuming you already have something like that (you already have the objects, the properties, and some states like undo/redo) and it's about exposing the ui around it with labeled states at the user-level.

> Also, were you in dark mode? It's definitely not intended that the whole screen should change color - a popup should dim the content behind. The whole screen changing color sounds like a bug and I'll investigate.

That's what it was! I tried with light mode in firefox and it worked much better.