MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by wahern | 2025-10-23 07:13:09+00:00
> It has received fulsome praise from such right-libertarian eminences as economists Milton Friedman and Donald Boudreaux

I had Boudreaux for an economics class in law school. His, shall we say, enthusiasm and dogmatic faith in markets was off putting. I once got riled up and sparred with him a little in class when we were on the subject of monopolies and he was teaching the theory that monopoly profits are an impossibility. My point was that the theory only makes sense when transaction costs are zero; non-zero transaction costs means monopolies can extract excess profits when there's an asymmetry in transaction (particularly financing) costs that favor the monopolist, as there often will be.

But later I realized that, at the end of the day, and like most of abstract economics, the theory was more right than wrong, just incomplete and oversimplified. And I learned much that day. If I had rejected the theory outright and walked way (notwithstanding remembering how to recite it for the exam), I would have ended up in a much worse place intellectually than accepting it, with qualifications, as an important conceptual model. The mature takeaway from his teaching the theory isn't that monopolies can't exist, just that it's more difficult than you'd think, and monopolists' ability to extract profits are bounded by the degree to which the situation deviates from the simplified model world. And doing so puts us in a place where can we can constructively ask and answer quantitative questions, as opposed to debating in qualitative rhetorical terms.

It's childish to nit-pick ideas and then pretend one has vanquished them because they pointed out technicalities about how they're wrong. The point of "I, Pencil" is to teach how humans communicate, cooperate, and produce amazing things through systems and processes that keep them all at arms length, without everyone deliberately working toward the same targeted outcome. Pedagologically, it does teach something profound and non-obvious. Is the essay simplified and reductive? Of course, but no more reductive (and IMO considerably less so) than, e.g., the anti-colonialist rhetoric trotted out in "Revisited", which feels more like an extended ad hominem than a substantive piece about political economics. (And it's worth pointing out that economic thinking can be useful in understanding and addressing colonial exploitation, such as understanding it in terms of cost externalization. And unlike rhetorical moralizing, that approach suggests far more actionable options for systematically ameliorating such exploitation--i.e. how to put our money where our mouth is, literally and figuratively.)
by unwind | 2025-10-23 07:13:43+00:00
As a complete audio outsider, my observations are:

1. Great news! VSTs seem to fill an important role in the audio-processing software world, and having them more open must be a good thing.

2. From the things they mention, the SDK seems way larger than I had imagined, but that is normal for (software) things, I guess. "This API also enables the scheduling of tasks on the main thread from any other thread." was not easy to unpack nor see the use of in what was (to me) an audio-generation-centered API.

3. The actual post seems to be somewhat mangled, I see both proper inline links and what looks like naked Markdown links, and also bolded words that also have double asterisks around them. Much confusing.
by anotherscore12 | 2025-10-23 07:13:57+00:00
Had to post as anon well because feels safer that way.

I don't think you really understand the difference between traumatic events and traumatic disorders. There are 2 fundamental aspects of trauma that without removing will yield worsening mental and physical states.

1. Cause of trauma must be stopped 2. Feeling of the loss of control

As someone whose experienced both childhood neglect and mental abuse, The Body Keeps Score and was able to help me unravel and recover very from incredibly complex childhood and then adulthood trauma.

What you have listed are traumatic events they create a shock and body's sympathetic nervous system recovers. Now say you are in a constant state of shock everyday for your entire life how is the nervous system going to adapt to that? That's right it changes and has to create maladaptive protective mechanisms, socially this doesn't make sense but biologically it does.

It takes digging through this massive book(1000+ pages), to find triggers, possible treatments and improvements 10+ years to get comfortable. But if you ever talk to people with PTSD they are never really healed, mostly scarred but have recurring physiological issues they must cope with.
by 334f905d22bc19 | 2025-10-23 07:13:59+00:00
This!

Some time ago I was actually thinking about the exact thing in his statement. I mean even if the problems are structurally almost the same each year, it must be a huge time investment to come up with the stories and give them a little twist each year.

Either Eric should chill out and make it smaller, while still keeping the fun or some rich guys should pay him lots of money to make this his full-time job. The former is probably the healthier path for eric and the game
by jillesvangurp | 2025-10-23 07:14:25+00:00
Lower cost, safer, longer cycle times, better operating temperature ranges, etc. They are better in many ways. People obsess about energy density but that's not the only thing that is important. On that front the lower energy density is offset by the reduced need for costly and weighty cooling and safety mitigation.

For example NMC and LFP usually require complex cooling solutions with cooling liquids, heat pumps, hoses, etc. Peak Energy is planning to deploy a passively cooled battery in deserts. No protection from the elements. Freezing cold at night. Blazing sun during the day. Cooling solutions with all their mechanical components are the single most likely thing to fail and cause issues for storage solutions. Skipping that is a big reliability win and it reduces cost as well.
by jeroenhd | 2025-10-23 07:15:06+00:00
HTTP/3 uses QUIC as a layer 4 equivalent (which is actually just UDP with extra implications in practice). Not many services leverage standards-compliant QUIC other than HTTP/3, but you don't need to do HTTP to get the same protocol working.

If anything, HTTP/3 running on top of QUIC forced shitty middlebox vendors to de-ossify by permitting any QUIC-based protocol, as they cannot practically distinguish a new HTTP/3 connection from a QUIC connection.
by mynti | 2025-10-23 07:16:30+00:00
Super interesting blogpost. I just wonder how this is actually different to LORA, since LORA also adds some parameters and freezes the rest of the model. This seems like a sparse, memory efficient LORA with a couple of extra steps, since it uses attention again to make the sparsity work. All while making it a lot more effective compared to LORA (performance drop of only 11% compared to 71%).
by homamg | 2025-10-23 07:17:50+00:00
OpenAI’s new ChatGPT Atlas browser redefines web interaction. Built on Chromium, it integrates ChatGPT directly into your browsing experience — summarizing pages, rewriting text, comparing products, and even taking limited actions on your behalf. With Agent Mode and Memory, Atlas turns browsing into collaboration: it doesn’t just show the internet; it understands it. For brands, this marks a major leap — from optimizing for visibility in AI answers to ensuring compatibility with AI agents that now act on user intent.
by typpilol | 2025-10-23 07:18:56+00:00
Tokenizers are the reason LLMs are even possible to run at a decent speed on our best hardware.

Removing the tokenizer would 1/4 the context and 4x the compute and memory, assuming an avg token length of 4.

Also, you would probably need to 4x the parameters to have to learn understanding between individual characters as well as words and sentences etc.

There's been a few studies on small models, even then those only show a tiny percentage gain over tokenized models.

So essentially you would need 4x compute, 1/4 the context, and 4x the parameters to squeeze 2-4% more performance out of it.

And that fails when you use more then 1/4 context. So realistically you need to support the same context, so you r compute goes up another 4x to 16x.

That's why
by Vinnl | 2025-10-23 07:19:29+00:00
Yes, that's why I asked it as a response to them saying GitHub was just fine :) With Git, I work around it by adding `--fixup` commits and then doing a final `git rebase --autosquash` just before landing it, but it would be nice to have a better workflow.

(The mention of the GitHub SVP being interested in stacked diffs sounds good in that regard. I'm also keeping an eye on Tangled and, now, on ERSC.)
by dustypotato | 2025-10-23 07:20:14+00:00
> It's not just a stream of text; it's a live feed.

LLM wrote this article it seems.

For me Gemini CLI is not as good as Claude Code and sometimes writes more code than necessary and makes it hard to maintain. but hope it gets there with gemini 3.0 release. It's open source so I can imagine it getting there faster with community contributions.
by vkazanov | 2025-10-23 07:20:44+00:00
The thing is that dragons and magic and Harry Potter all become irrelevant at some point in life. Power fantasies do have an expiration date.

Now, the genre itself, all the storytelling involved, can easily be adapted to more serious, or even abstract, thinking.

In fact, it was, and there are plenty of alternative rpg universes. But, similar to how serious non-marvel movies are a niche, serious rpgs are also less popular.
by Ferret7446 | 2025-10-23 07:21:40+00:00
> That "good" reason is thanks to Google's monopoly. Chromium is only technically opensource

That accusation is instantly disproven by the fact that the parent post literally cites 4 competitors that forked and extended it. Unless you can cite Google illegally shutting down attempts to produce a competing fork, your accusation has no basis. (If you can cite such a thing, I'd rather you bring them to court instead.)
by Vinnl | 2025-10-23 07:21:48+00:00
I guess in terms of clean workflow, I could get into that more using jj (i.e. create a PR for every bit that I want to have in the history later), but as a reviewer, I always get annoyed when I have to do a re-review of something that was force-pushed, and I'd like to avoid doing that to others. So I was kind-of hoping you had found some magical silver bullet there, haha.
by Quis_sum | 2025-10-23 07:22:25+00:00
I am probably too old school: Unless properly documented (the "whats" and especially the "whys") and provided with a test harness (plus the test cases, including all fringe cases btw.) just reject it straight away. And in the case it is provided and you have a hard time understanding it, reject it as well with the comment that, the "demi-god" (author) should provide documentation which mere mortals can follow.

That principle can be applied to both LLM slop and handcrafted rubbish. Eventually most people will get it.
by com2kid | 2025-10-23 07:23:13+00:00
MSFT were the masters of this technique (spin off a startup, acquire it after it proves viable) for decades, but sadly they stopped.

Even internal to MS I worked on 2 teams that were 95% independent from the mothership, on one of them (Microsoft Band) we even went to IKEA and bought our own desks.

Pretty successful in regards to getting a product to market (Band 1 and 2 all up had iirc $50M in funding compared to Apple Watch's billion), but the big company politics still got us in the end.

Of course Xbox is the most famous example of MS pulling off an internal skunk works project leading to massive success.
by metalman | 2025-10-23 07:23:23+00:00
That the worlds largest battery manufacturers have gone ahead with building gigawatt production plants is basicly the wake up call. They have done this based on real world deploymemt of electric cars in multiple markets over the last 3 years and of course for the main use as storage and buffering batteries, which will then allow for the full electrification of the transport sector, without putting undue strain on the,(thier) grid. this has further impact as energy costs will drop significantly, while noise and pollution also decrease dramaticaly,while increasing saftey and reiability. any country holding back is seriously fucked.
by rkomorn | 2025-10-23 07:24:07+00:00
> It's a lot of activity to get to this point

Yes. Like multiple hours a day lot. That's why it's a "myth". It takes an amount of time, effort, and focus, that isn't particularly reasonable for I'd say almost all people.

Fundamentally, I agree with you that it's possible: I pretty much did it myself with ~12 hours of hard cycling a week, but I just think your take is wrong because it basically boils down to nitpicking "myth".
by dustypotato | 2025-10-23 07:24:13+00:00
If you're looking in the commit tree for which commit fixed a certain bug, but didn't fix it fully , for example , you first look at all the `fix:` and then if it matches, you read the rest. You just write `fix: Thumbnail wasn't updating after upload` to `Fix for Thumbnail not updating after upload`, which isn't really wasting characters.

But I'm also not a fan of this being an enforced convention because somebody higher up decided he/she it brings some value and now it's the 101st convention a new dev has to follow which actually reduces productivity.
by rsynnott | 2025-10-23 07:26:52+00:00
What lead you to believe that? Like, ol' minihands did claim that, but he claims a lot of things.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jan/28/85-of-greenlan...

> But a new survey by pollster Verian, commissioned by the Danish paper Berlingske, showed only 6% of Greenlanders are in favour of becoming part of the US, with 9% undecided.

6%, for practical purposes, means 0%; whenever you have a poll with a clearly insane option, about 4-5% of people will choose it, due to a combination of mistakes and trolling.

About half of Greenlanders support independence (in a concrete sense; far more than that in an abstract sense), but that's rather different to becoming part of the US.
by baq | 2025-10-23 07:27:00+00:00
I’m using jj for almost a year now and I definitely feel much happier whenever I need to rebase a branch or do an octopus merge. It really is liberating in an incremental way that creeps on you in day to day work. Don’t expect a revolution, though.

Small commits are the same small commits in jj as in git, you just split instead of add -p.
by dspillett | 2025-10-23 07:27:08+00:00
> And that is breaking the law.

Definitely the spirit of it, though some claim not the letter or it due to loopholes.

> The decline button means decline all.

It certainly should, but I never trust it does (with other dark patterns on show I'm all out of benefit-of-the-doubt) and go into to "details" to look for objection toggles. Not that I particularly trust those anyway, but that is a different niggle!
Show HN: Architecting for 10k users on Cloudflare's free tier
by 0xrelogic | 2025-10-23 07:28:08+00:00
I architected a GitHub streak notification service that scales to 10,000+ users while staying on free tiers. Here's the infrastructure design and cost optimization strategy.

Production: https://streakyy.vercel.app GitHub: https://github.com/0xReLogic/Streaky Architecture: Open source, MIT license

=== Architecture Overview ===

Challenge: Build a daily cron system that processes 10k+ users in parallel, sends Discord/Telegram notifications, stays within Cloudflare free tier limits, maintains 99.9% uptime, and costs $0/month.

Solution: Distributed queue system with Service Bindings + Rust proxy for IP isolation

=== Infrastructure Design ===

1. Distributed Processing (Cloudflare Workers)

Problem: Sequential processing doesn't scale. Single Worker has 30s CPU limit.

Solution: Fan-out architecture with Service Bindings - Main scheduler initializes batch queue - Dispatches N workers via env.SELF.fetch() - Each worker = isolated execution context with fresh CPU budget - Automatic load balancing by Cloudflare

Capacity: 100k requests/day (10k users = 10% utilization) Performance: 10 users in ~10 seconds, linear scalability

2. Queue Management (Cloudflare D1)

D1 SQLite with atomic operations for distributed queue without external dependencies.

Benefits: Atomic claim, no race conditions, built-in idempotency Capacity: 50k writes/day (30k used = 60% utilization)

3. IP Isolation Layer (Rust VPS)

Problem: Cloudflare Workers share IP pools → rate limiting (429 errors)

Solution: Lightweight Rust proxy on Koyeb - Axum framework - AES-256-GCM encryption - Stateless, zero-trust architecture - Cold start ~10s, warm ~3.6s - 100% success rate

Cost: Koyeb free tier (512MB RAM) - $0/month

4. Data Layer (Cloudflare D1)

Schema: users, notifications, cron_queue Capacity: 5GB storage (10MB used = 0.2%)

=== Cost Analysis ===

Current (10k users): $0/month - Cloudflare Workers: 10k/100k req/day - D1: 30k/50k writes/day - Koyeb: ~1GB/100GB bandwidth - Vercel: ~5GB/100GB bandwidth

50k users: $10/month ($0.0002/user) - D1: $5/month, Koyeb: $5/month

100k users: $25/month ($0.00025/user) - Workers: $5, D1: $10, Koyeb: $10

Total Cost: $0/month for 10k users

Happy to discuss infrastructure decisions, scaling strategies, or cost optimization techniques.
by mambacodes | 2025-10-23 07:28:14+00:00
Hey HN!

We just launched Context Sync on Product Hunt and would love your support: https://www.producthunt.com/products/context-sync-local-mcp-...

Quick recap for those who missed our last post:

Context Sync solves the "explain my project for the 100th time" problem. It's an MCP server that gives Claude persistent memory across all conversations.

The magic moment: - Build in Cursor, hit context limit - Switch to Claude Desktop - Continue exactly where you left off - Zero re-explaining

What's included: - Cross-platform context sync (Cursor ↔ Claude) - Global TODO list with smart filtering - Code analysis (dependencies, call graphs, types) - Git integration - 50+ MCP tools for file operations - 100% local (SQLite) - your data never leaves

v0.5.0 shipped last week with the TODO system. Now you can: - Create tasks in Cursor - Check them in Claude - Mark complete anywhere - Everything syncs

The PH launch has been awesome so far.

If you've been frustrated with AI context switching, we built this for you.

Product Hunt: https://www.producthunt.com/products/context-sync-local-mcp-... GitHub: https://github.com/Intina47/context-sync

Setup takes <30 seconds. MIT licensed.

Would mean a lot if you could check it out and leave feedback!
by Capricorn2481 | 2025-10-23 07:29:10+00:00
> You can't meaningfully characterize attacker traffic this way. They'll come from any AS they want to

I'm not totally following what Fail2Ban has to do with Wireguard. Are we talking strictly about homelabs you don't expose to the internet?

Because I have a homelab I can connect to with Wireguard. That's great. But there are certain services I want to expose to everybody. So I have a VPS that can connect to my homelab via Wireguard and forward certain domain traffic to it.

That's a safe setup in that I don't expose my IP to the internet and don't have to open ports, but I could still be DDOS'd. Would it not make sense for me to use Fail2Ban (or some kind of rate limiting) even if I'm using Wireguard? I can still be DDOS'd.
by tgsovlerkhgsel | 2025-10-23 07:29:34+00:00
It depends, if it's a clear-cut case, then in jurisdictions with a functioning legal system it can be feasible to sue.

Likewise, if it's a fuckup that just needs to be put in front of someone who cares, a lawsuit is actually a surprisingly effective way of doing that. This moves your problem from "annoying customer support interaction that's best dealt with by stonewalling" into "legal says we HAVE to fix this".
by bell-cot | 2025-10-23 07:30:15+00:00
> Few institutions anticipated that a third party with AWS’s reputation could experience a failure of such magnitude. As a result, many had not prepared or tested for an outage of this scale, or for the specific recovery steps required to restore critical services quickly.

Suggested correction: "All competent institutions knew perfectly well that AWS had a history of failing at scale, but they found it convenient to pretend otherwise".

An easy starting point, if anyone on HN is somehow unaware of the history - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Amazon_Web_Services_outag...
by zkmon | 2025-10-23 07:31:24+00:00
To be honest, I find any dynamic or interactive changes to technical diagrams as distracting. For me the benefit of pouring more info via dynamic popups or animations is lost due to lack of static info that can scanned back and forth while I try to understand the thing, just by looking at it. I need the diagram to stay static and not force my way of understanding to fit into the interactions or animations.
by delaminator | 2025-10-23 07:31:24+00:00
Meta is cutting roughly 600 jobs from its AI division, affecting teams including FAIR (Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research), AI infrastructure, and product-related AI positions, though the company is still hiring for its newer superintelligence lab.

The cuts were announced by Alexandr Wang, Meta's chief AI officer, who joined the company after Meta invested $14.3 billion in Scale AI earlier this year.

This comes just one day after Meta announced a $27 billion deal with Blue Owl Capital to fund its massive Hyperion data center in Louisiana, during a period when Meta expects total expenses for 2025 to reach $114-118 billion, with AI initiatives driving even higher growth in 2026.

The company is explicitly continuing to hire for its superintelligence division while cutting from other areas. This appears to be about consolidating efforts rather than retreating.

Wang's memo stated the goal is to reduce layers so "fewer conversations will be required to make a decision, and each person will be more load-bearing and have more scope".
by dns_snek | 2025-10-23 07:31:37+00:00
> The fact is that they were very naive and, althoug they seem to be adjusting

Who are "they"? The law hasn't changed, it's enforcement that is changing, albeit very slowly.

There are so many institutions that can be rightfully blamed - chiefly the DPAs and the national governments, but your continued insistence on blaming the lawmakers makes no sense. The law is clear, it's just not being enforced.

Of course advertisers deserve all this blame too, but their blame is irrelevant when discussing enforcement. I don't expect them to stop any more than I expect a serial killer to turn themselves in. This is still a failure of the institutions.
by swiftcoder | 2025-10-23 07:31:37+00:00
> the SDK seems way larger than I had imagined, but that is normal for (software) things, I guess. "This API also enables the scheduling of tasks on the main thread from any other thread." was not easy to unpack nor see the use of in what was (to me) an audio-generation-centered API

VST plugins almost all have a GUI, thus the VST SDK has to support an entire cross-platform UI framework... This threading functionality is mostly about shipping input events/rendering updates back and forth to the main (UI) thread
by SRKD | 2025-10-23 07:31:55+00:00
I’ve been working on something called Brandiseer, and along the way, I stumbled on what I started calling vibe-designing.

Instead of generating random visuals or using templates, it learns your brand’s vibe — your logo, colors, fonts, tone, even the emotion behind your visuals — and then designs new things that feel like they were made by your in-house team.

You can just type “make a new product announcement post” or “create merch for our next launch,” and it generates it fully on-brand. It’s not prompt-heavy or template-based — it’s more like a design copilot that actually understands your brand DNA.

It’s early (about 50 users so far), but the results have been wild. Some founders say it’s the first time AI-generated visuals actually look like their brand.

I’m curious — what do you think about this direction? Would “vibe-designing” become a thing, or do most teams still prefer strict design systems and manual control?