MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by vitorgrs | 2025-10-20 06:03:02+00:00
First, it seems obvious to me that they'll prescribe it to everyone who, supposedly, undergoes bariatric surgery through the SUS. Generic Ozempic is certainly cheaper than bariatric surgery.

That said, I believe it will go even further.

To get medication through the SUS, you only need a prescription from a doctor. Any doctor. So even if the SUS itself don't prescribe, you can just find a doctor who will do it...

But, likely SUS will prescribe anyway. Rio mayor:

"Rio will be a city where there will be no more chubby people; everyone will be taking Ozempic at family clinics." "Said the mayor, adding that he has already taken the medication. He claimed to have lost 30kg with the medication."
by taneq | 2025-10-20 06:03:06+00:00
We use Mattermost and it’s working pretty well. The search is decent and it captures a lot more of the daily chitchat that isn’t long/serious enough for email and would otherwise be lost. The real benefit comes when you need to find some snippet that know was discussed 18 months ago and too much water’s passed under the bridge to remember exactly what was said.
by lqet | 2025-10-20 06:03:55+00:00
One of his boats (he used four): https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/St...

His route: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Speck-ma...

Photograph of him at the Timor coast: https://cdn.mopo.de/uploads/sites/4/2024/04/farbe-oskar-spec...

This seems to be a photograph taken after his arrest: https://lovedaylives.com/app/uploads/2021/03/SPECK-2.jpg

According to the German Wikipedia, he had a small electrical company which went bankrupt during the Great Depression. His original plan was to "only" paddle to Cyprus to work in a copper mine.
by js8 | 2025-10-20 06:04:52+00:00
I used to be a fan of these languages like Lisp and Forth and Joy (and Factor and Haskell), but then I found that what I a really long for is just (untyped) lambda calculus (as a universal language). (Combinatory logic is just a similar representation of lambda calculus, but the differences go away quickly once you start abstracting stuff.)

I think expressing semantics of all (common) programming languages in lambda calculus would give us a solid foundation for automated program translation. And we should aim for that, the babel tower of languages doesn't really help anyone.

The current issue I have is with type theory. So I am trying to embed notion of types directly into the lambda terms, so they would sort of "automatically typecheck" when composed. The crucial in this, in my opinion, are lambda terms that do not use lambda abstraction in their body, because you can think of these terms as a kind of mini-DSLs that have yet to be interpreted.

Anyway, once we can translate calculus of constructions (and other common formal logics) into untyped lambda calculus, it will also help us doing automated theorem proving. It must be theoretically possible, but to my knowledge nobody has really done this sort of hardcore formalization.
by Kimitri | 2025-10-20 06:05:36+00:00
It's not the LoC I care about, it's the logical separation of concerns and testability. Large functions usually do many things which makes them really hard to test. Also, just mashing all the things in a single function is indicative of the author not having a clear picture of what problem he or she is dealing with.

I have been programming for 30 years and, while I don't consider myself a great programmer, I don't like large functions. In my experience they usually fail at clearly expressing intent and therefore make the code a lot harder to reason about. There are, of course, exceptions to this.
by baq | 2025-10-20 06:05:48+00:00
Reading from slides is the absolute worst way of delivery anywhere, whether it’s a lecture or an internal presentation to your work team, doesn’t matter. The best power point slides have zero overlapping words with what the presenter is saying except perhaps some slide or section titles.

Chalk and board though is not necessarily the best. Power point supports magic hotkeys - B and W - and allows drawing on slides. When done properly with a stylus, it’s incrementally better in almost every way than chalk, though a proper lecture hall with multiple blackboards will still hold its own.
by AlterEgo7 | 2025-10-20 06:06:06+00:00
This sounds like a "I could not get my head around ZIO/Fuctional Effects ergo it's a needlessly complex overengineered monstrosity" argument.

In fact, functional effects provide another elegant solution to problems requiring structured concurrency. You might like it, you might not. But there are many engineers in the Scala community who were bitten by the exact issues of actor deadlocking / difficulty of debugging compared to functional effects that refactored enterprise codebases from Akka (Scala actors) to functional effects.

"A simple system that has been battle tested over decades of actual hardcore industrial use". The JVM certainly is not far from that.
by froh | 2025-10-20 06:07:10+00:00
yes. and the two nuggets I took were looking a Unix pipe as a concurrent processing notation and pointing out that the Unix R&D for great notations (or the communication thereof?) stopped right before splitting, cloning and merging concurrent streams. I've rarely seen scripts nicely setting up a DAG of named pipes. I'm not aware of a Unix standard tool that would organize a larger such DAG and make it maintainable and easily to debug.

assuming pointing at a problem counts as nugget.
by JRCharney | 2025-10-20 06:07:47+00:00
[Scene: Homer is in the Kitchen on the day after Christmas. Alien robots that transform into other things have quietly taken over objects in his house, but Homer is unphased by this]

Homer: [Reading the Springfield Shopper where the headline reads "Christmas Occurs"]

Kitchen Appliance Robots: [Transform into their robot form behind homer]

Homer: "Hmm. Is there something different about the kitchen?"

Kitchen Appliance Robots: [Collectively reassuring] "No!"

Toaster: [across the kitchen] [Transforms into the word "NO"]

Homer: [Convinced] "Well, the toaster's never lied to me before."

--"Untitled Robot Parody", "Treehouse of Horror XIX" (S20E4, 2008), The Simpsons
by the-grump | 2025-10-20 06:08:03+00:00
My path is a little different. I have used Haskell, and I'm looking to get into OTP.

My original plan was either Elixir or vanilla Erlang depending on which one suits my sensibilities better. Reading about Gleam recently has me super, super excited. That's definitely going to be my path now.

I don't know if Gleam is the best entry into the world of rich types that you find in a language like Haskell--I'm yet to actually build something with it.

What I can tell you is that Haskell is a complete joy to use and it honestly ruins most other programming for me. So as a direction, I cannot recommend it enough, and I'm hoping, for my sake and yours, that Gleam offers a similarly stimulating sandbox.

Just a warning that it will take time to get used to "higher-kinded" types. It's an exercise in head scratching and frustration at first. The reward part arrives when you start thinking in types yourself and you know which ones to reach for and when you find the libraries you want by entering a signature on Hoogle.
by phplovesong | 2025-10-20 06:08:38+00:00
From what i have seen, people using AI somehow get the mindset that the AI generated result is "godlike" and the "ultimate truth". Its really, really scary and im not that hopeful for what we will see int he next decade.

Once i told a coworker that a piece if his code looked rather funky (without doing a more deep CR), and he told me its "proven correct by AI". I was stunned, and asked him if he knows how LLMs generate their responses? He was genuinely in the belief that it was in fact "artificial intelligence" and was some sort of "all knowing entity".
by aspenmayer | 2025-10-20 06:09:24+00:00
Have you considered the distinct possibility that you might be honestly wrong also?

Cultural artifacts such as films are as legitimate as the letters and scratchings thereof. It’s a fine thing that folks use the tools at their disposal to communicate the meaning of the days and times.

> > has the importance that it seems to.

> ... again stating that it matters to people. He's sad that it does. I simply pointed out that he didn't say that it doesn't matter--I didn't pass judgment on whether he's correct.

It’s fine and good that movies move people. It’s easier to find fault than it is to build, and I take issue with your suggestion that motion pictures don’t matter, the implication being that you both know better, and I am saddened myself to see folks discount their importance to individuals and to the wider culture.

> I won't respond further to people so confused about the clear meaning and logic of a comment.

To withdraw from a discussion is fine, but to declare victory as if this is an argument tips your hand. HN isn’t a place for adversarial tones, so take your bad attitude and ill manner with you as you go.

P.S. if you want to reply to this comment, make a new reply (click the timestamp). You’ve been editing away, but I’m only responding upthread, whereas you are replying below, which is bad faith, the same you baselessly accuse me of.
by dmoy | 2025-10-20 06:12:22+00:00
It's more like if you make a plane resilient to bird strikes, you sacrifice a good chunk of performance - envelope, maneuverability, something.

Depending on how fast the plane is going, "good chunk" might be a hilarious understatement too. Hitting an object at 1000mph imparts 4x the damage compared to hitting an object at 500mph.

If you want to see an example of a durable military aircraft, look at the A-10:

(Hit by a literal bird, still flying: https://www.nbcrightnow.com/news/a-10-warthog-hits-bird-at-r...)

(Hit by idk what, giant hole in engine, engine on fire, still flying for an hour back to base: https://theaviationgeekclub.com/heres-another-story-10-warth...)

Anyways, that's a military plane designed to get hit by... stuff... and as a result can take bird strikes. But its max speed is like 400mph and it would get absolutely wrecked by any serious opposition from fighters. The more resilient you make a plane to birds, the more vulnerable it is to missiles, per unit price. And missiles is kinda the point of the whole endeavor.
by numpad0 | 2025-10-20 06:15:28+00:00
HDMI is RGB plus clock in 4 differential pairs. Fundamentally you just need 3 shift registers with reset tied to clock. Out comes the signal and you wire that to RGB electron guns through an E24 resistors assortment pack.

LLMs probably don't know enough about them to be useful in this discussion. Classic Google Search would be better. Yours fixating on pixels shows that.
by joshschreuder | 2025-10-20 06:16:30+00:00
> It may be also worth trying a loop of "fix until it matches binary" for separate files... But I haven't seen anyone actually write it up.

I might be misunderstanding what you mean, but there is decomp-permuter which I think does just this. Rewrites the code in various heuristics and subtle ways to attempt to find a match at function level.

https://github.com/simonlindholm/decomp-permuter
by jakub_g | 2025-10-20 06:17:44+00:00
You can check inside the hook if you're in the middle of the rebase, and exit the hook early.

This is what we have in our hooks:

if [ -d "$(git rev-parse --git-path rebase-merge)" ] || \ [ -d "$(git rev-parse --git-path rebase-apply)" ] || \ [ -f "$(git rev-parse --git-path MERGE_HEAD)" ]; then exit 0 fi
by decimalenough | 2025-10-20 06:18:13+00:00
Well, that was pretty anticlimactic. Suggest you go read about a more interesting abandoned city in the Gobi Desert instead:

> Built in 1032, the city thrived under the rule of the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty. It has been identified as the city of Etzina, which appears in The Travels of Marco Polo. ...

> According to a legend of the local Torghut population, in 1372 a Mongol military general named Khara Bator was surrounded with his troops by the armies of the Ming dynasty. Diverting the Ejin River, the city's water source that flowed just outside the fortress, the Ming dynasty denied Khara-Khoto water for its gardens and wells. As time passed and Khara Bator realised his fate, he murdered his family and then himself. After his suicide, Khara Bator's soldiers waited within the fortress until Ming troops finally attacked and killed the remaining inhabitants.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khara-Khoto
by anonzzzies | 2025-10-20 06:18:38+00:00
Before the magic combi covid and trump, at least here no one would say these things out loud, now I have at least one conversation a week, usually with someone fairly normal looking, who, after a while into the conversation, will start saying something about the gov holding things back and then I only have to lean in a little bit to get them to go full chemtrails, flat earth, moon landing hoax, anti vaxx, young earth creationist on me. Usually they are indeed recent converts (few years) and often (most I speak to) had some sort of loneliness mental breakdown during the covid lockdowns.
by CGMthrowaway | 2025-10-20 06:18:42+00:00
Karpathy was asked on a recent podcast, "how do humans get around model collapse?"

Here's what he said: “These analogies are surprisingly good. Humans collapse during the course of their lives. Children haven't overfit yet. They will say stuff that will shock you. Because they're not yet collapsed. But we [adults] are collapsed. We end up revisiting the same thoughts, we end up saying more and more of the same stuff, the learning rates go down, the collapse continues to get worse, and then everything deteriorates.”
by motorest | 2025-10-20 06:19:36+00:00
> I would argue that if the pre-commit hooks come in the way of rebasing, either the commit hooks are doing way too much (which is one of the points of the article) or you are creating broken commits during rebasing.

I don't think your argument is grounded on reality. Applying whitespace changes does create merge conflicts, and if you have a hook that is designed to introduce said white changes at each commit of a rebase them you are going to have frequent merge conflicts.

Keep also in mind that minor changes such as renaming a variable can and will introduce line breaks. Thus even with a pristine codebase that was formatted to perfection you will get merge conflicts.

> If any of the commits you are rebasing is e.g. breaking formatting rules, they shouldn't have been committed that way in the first place.

You're letting the world know you have little to no programming experience.
by grandfugue | 2025-10-20 06:19:39+00:00
It's about structures. A long function is unfortunately "flat" at the first glance. Even if there are inherent structures, it usually burns a lot of brain power for a human to abstract structures out of "flat". Being flat is a more acute issue for LLM to understand. I think in the LLM era it's more important than ever to keep things short and structured.
by jeffreygoesto | 2025-10-20 06:20:27+00:00
I did not, it distracted me from listening. One of the key things to do was to do and not only read as many exercises as possible, including the old ones of the same professor. Then going back to reading the material once you got stuck.

Most of the time I studied with a good friend who had to go to the army and did not want to lose those years. So I prepared everything during the semester and taught it to him when he took some days off before the exams. Tough times but worked well for both of us.

A very good focus operator for exams was to ask the TA questions in the last exercises. The topics they answered quickly had a high chance of being relevant, because they had prepared them for the exams.
by vitorgrs | 2025-10-20 06:21:59+00:00
In Brazil, medicines lose patent protection 20 years after the original filing date. The filing date was in 2006, so the patent expires in 2026.

But note that the patent was only granted in 2019, it took 13 years. They went to court last year, but the justice (as far as I know) has continued to follow the precedent that the original filing date applies.

So they went to the federal government to try to change the law, but the government has refused so far.

The INPI (Brazilian Patent Office) used to take a VERY long time to register/grant patents. It's faster now (about 4 years on average), but it's still slow.

But I'm seeing here that in the US it was 2017. So not that different from 2019 anyway.

PS: Brazil also have several local labs focused on generics, and besides this, there's also state-owned lab, Fiocruz, who makes vaccines and medicines as well, several of them, to distribute though SUS.

In Brazil by the constitution, everyone has the right of health, so if the public health care (SUS) don't distribute, you can sue the governament and get the medicine. So there's a big incentive for the governament to make patents expire as soon as possible to have generics and include on SUS.

e.g Fiocruz manufacture PrEP, and started now PrEP injection (Cabotegravir).
by troupo | 2025-10-20 06:22:11+00:00
> In fact, functional effects provide another elegant solution to problems requiring structured concurrency.

There's nothing elegant about ZIO.

> But there are many engineers in the Scala community who were bitten by the exact issues of actor deadlocking / difficulty of debugging compared to functional effects

Because you can't truly retrofit a proper actor model onto a runtime that doesn't support it, and doesn't have proper tools for them.

So they reach for third-party libs that try to implement half of Erlang, often poorly, and get understandably bitten by issues.

> "A simple system that has been battle tested over decades of actual hardcore industrial use". The JVM certainly is not far from that.

The JVM isn't built around built-in support for concurrency and distributed computing.

Erlang's BEAM is. And its built-in primitives and standard library has been around for over three decades.
by MrCroxx | 2025-10-20 06:23:55+00:00
For those who may not know, over the past few months, I've been continuously developing and maintaining a hybrid cache library in Rust, Foyer[0].

However, from the very beginning until now, I haven’t had the chance to properly introduce this project through an article. On one hand, I’m not very skilled at writing in English, so I kept procrastinating. (Thanks to ChatGPT, I can focus more on the content rather than worrying about my limited English writing skill.) On the other hand, Foyer was evolving rapidly in its early stages, undergoing major refactoring almost every few months. As a result, it felt premature to formally introduce the project.

But now, Foyer has already gained more stars on Github than than the project it was originally inspired by — Facebook’s CacheLib[1]. This excites me and makes me worry even more about the future of Foyer. So, I think it's time to write a proper blog to introduce it.

[0]: https://github.com/foyer-rs/foyer

[1]: https://github.com/facebook/cachelib
by bsder | 2025-10-20 06:24:27+00:00
Do not cite Kent Beck as a software authority. Consider this your semi-regular reminder that Kent Beck is part of the posse (along with Ron Jeffries and Martin Fowler) responsible for the software disaster that was the "Chrysler Comprehensive Compensation System". They were also proponents of Smalltalk--which leads to object-itis and the concomitant tiny functions.

As for your "function documentation", the primary difference between that assignment and a function is solely ossified arguments. And ossified function arguments is something that I would put under "premature abstraction".

At some point you can pull that out into a separate function. But you should have something that causes you to do that rather than it being a default.
by ggm | 2025-10-20 06:25:05+00:00
The mention of ESTA here is brief. If you enter on an ESTA you are limited to the 90 day cap, but you are also allowed to conduct business, such as attend a conference, or a standards meeting, or an activity in a datacenter. But you can't be paid. Thats what the Korean workers tripped over. They were paid.

What is less clear, is how accepting a per diem affects your "no paid work" status. Nobody seems to document what "expenses" mean, for conducting business in the USA as a foreigner. I had to register with the IRS and show them my Australian tax info, so that the Au-US tax treaty can understand this money, which means I also have to declare it as "income" in Australia but .. and this is a very big but, it is NOT income in the sense of "pay" and I do not have a contract of any kind. It's the collision of the word "income" for tax purposes in Australia, which includes (for example) my UK Private pension, which is not income-from-a-job-income, its money I receive from my investment in a UK pension plan.

I don't think this kind of narrow difference is going to be well understood if you are asked at CBP "are you doing any kind of paid employment" and what happens is you say "no" but subsequently your per-diem surfaces into view.

What does an ESTA think about income, which is not employment income? If the question is narrow, it needs to use words which don't have dual meanings. Sure, I received income. I didn't work "for" anyone and I didn't "take up paid work" and I didn't come to the US seeking employment: I'm a volunteer on a 3 day activity in a DC, doing things with an HSM, and I get expenses to cover my meals and accommodation and incidentals.

The rest of this write up: have paper, be polite, don't dress like a slob, and be confident? Rings true.
by raphinou | 2025-10-20 06:25:53+00:00
Interesting!

I have a F# background, and thought to have read that some constructs I learned to appreciate are not available in Gleam (the one I can think of right now is currying, but I thought there were others).

Also, Gleam otp didn't seem to be a priority.

What's your experience regarding these 2 points?
by thereisnospork | 2025-10-20 06:26:08+00:00
Only if you happen to have the relevant skill set.

Speaking as someone capable of designing the mechanical hardware and who is broadly electrically savvy but who is most definitely not an embedded engineer: I could bang out a few hundred hacked together dev boards in week, but doing a custom board would take me a few months. Starting with reading 'Prototyping PCBs for Dummies'.
by pjmlp | 2025-10-20 06:27:31+00:00
Why? The less the VCs have to spend with employees the better.

See the famous quote about Go's target audience, or 2000's Java being a blue colour job language.

Not only do languages like Lisp, Forth, Smalltalk require a people to actually get them, a bit like the meme with burritos in Haskell, they suffered from bad decisions from companies pushing them.

Lisp suffered with Xerox PARC, Symbolics and TI losing against UNIX workstations, followed by the first AI Winter, which also took Japan's 5th project with Prolog alongside with it.

Smalltalk was getting alright outside Xerox PARC, with big name backers like IBM, where it had a major role on OS/2, similar to .NET on Windows, until Java came out, and IBM decided to pivot all their Smalltalk efforts into Java, Eclipse has roots on Visual Age for Smalltalk.