MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by rapjr9 | 2025-09-28 10:22:53+00:00
If these strikes really are hitting drug gangs, I would expect the gangs to strike back, just as they do when they attack each other. They already have people in the USA, and they would have no problems with attacking civilians or politicians, they already do that. Maybe that's part of the plan behind using the military, create incidents in the US in order to impose martial law? On the other hand the War On Drugs has been around for a long time and I don't know of any attacks on the US because of it (except for the drugs themselves). Maybe the use of military force was what the drug gangs were afraid of, but now that restraint has been removed. Even if the real purpose of the strikes is regime change and taking over the oil industry, there may be side affects for US citizens due to pulling the gangs into it. Difficult to tell where this goes. There must be ongoing legal debates also, this seems clearly outside of international law.
by strken | 2025-09-28 10:24:49+00:00
I'm Australian and I might be missing some nuance about other dialects, but doggy-woggy is a completely different word from doggywog. The first is standard rhyming reduplication, while the second is ambiguous but can be read as relating to a couple of different slurs (in my dialect).

I have heard people use that word, although a good chunk were using it about themselves and with pride.
by jimnotgym | 2025-09-28 10:25:16+00:00
Debt to who? If every country is in debt who is the creditor? Mars?

But you actually said every major country is in debt, so do all the major countries owe money to um...minor countries?

Perhaps it is not the country that is in debt at all, but the government? In which case it must owe money to entities like people and corporations. The government has powers to take money from entities in its jurisdiction and pay its debts, it is called taxation. In fact since the money is issued by the government in the first place, you could consider a token of government debt is actually a token meant to pay your taxes with. By lending money to the government you receive interest, or in other words a discount off your future tax.

All very neat, and why a government being in debt is no reason for it to not be able to pay for things.

In fact you might argue that government debt takes money out of the economy, so keeping inflation down. This means the government can spend more without causing inflation. If a government borrows a dollar and spends that dollar, there is the same amount of dollars circulating. However if it borrows it off someone who is hoarding it, and spends it then you create gdp growth. Magic.

Perhaps it's time to get past puritanical hatred of debt?
by thyristan | 2025-09-28 10:26:12+00:00
Size. Pig hearts are the same size as human hearts, cow hearts are larger, so easier to cut up for parts. Chimp hearts are usually smaller.

Also, the risk of transmitting zoonosis is larger in primates than in other mammals, because with humans being primates as well, more viruses/prions/fungi might be infectious to both.
by Genbox | 2025-09-28 10:27:09+00:00
I generally agree. However, there are several important optimizations that Roslyn does not yet have. I love the improvements in newer versions of the compiler as much as the next guy, but historically, waiting 20 years on getting basic inlining, hoisting and SIMD accelerations has left many of us with the only option of not relying on C# for performance.
by roscas | 2025-09-28 10:27:52+00:00
What a nice surprise! The only out connection it makes is to ECB to get rates if you want it.

I bet it was really hard to create this "simple" interface. Even I added a few records in a few seconds! Nice maps and report overview. It has a mobile interface! 2FA and it works! Import and export.

Give it a star on GitHub. I did.
by iSanix | 2025-09-28 10:29:45+00:00
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by majewsky | 2025-09-28 10:30:17+00:00
> going around reviewing other people's discussions isn't really a valuable role in society

You are literally describing parenting, which has an extremely valuable role in society.

On a broader note, I recently had someone quote that classic adage "great minds discuss ideas, average minds discuss events, simple minds discuss people" at me and I just had to push back. Conversing about the behavior of others is how, by design, humans negotiate cultural values, morals and etiquette. That's not something to be sneered at.
by NoiseBert69 | 2025-09-28 10:30:23+00:00
Meshtastic is GPLv3. So all source code will always be available.

Meshcore is MIT licensed. And closed source applications already started to creep in. See the smartphone apps and the T-Echo implementation. This has already the classic smell of ham radio projects I honestly don't want to support.

The maintainers of MT are friendly. The people using it - not all of them. Like all community driven projects.
by TeMPOraL | 2025-09-28 10:30:51+00:00
After clicking through the first popups with the player's inner monologue, I fully expected some help text like "Use W S A D to move" to pop up.

I had no real reason for that expectation, except this is how several games I played in recent years handled it - which made me realize now, that explaining gameplay to new players is something that's actively evolving. There may not be a rulebook, but there are clear trends.
by pansa2 | 2025-09-28 10:32:29+00:00
I agree completely! To be clear, I don’t consider describing code as “Python 2-style” to be a bad thing. It’s how I describe my own Python code!

Overall, I have found very few Python 3 features are worth adopting (one notable exception is f-strings). IMO most of them don’t pull their weight, and many are just badly designed.
by lolive | 2025-09-28 10:32:39+00:00
The RDF structure is a graph of typed instances of typed objects, serializable as text.

Exchanging RDF, more precisely its [more readable] "RDF/turtle" variant, is probably what will eventually come to the market somehow.

Each object of a RDF structure has a global unique identifier, is typed, maintains typed links with other objects, have typed values.
by botirk | 2025-09-28 10:33:20+00:00
We have been experimenting with routing inference across LLMs, and the path has been full of wrong turns.

Our first attempt was to just use a large LLM itself to decide routing. It was too costly and the decisions were unreliable.

Next we tried training a small fine-tuned LLM as a router. It was cheaper, but the outputs were poor and not trustworthy.

Then we wrote heuristics to map prompt types to model IDs. That worked for a while, but it was brittle. Every API change or workload shift broke it.

Eventually we shifted to thinking in terms of model criteria instead of hardcoded model IDs. We benchmarked models across task types, domains, and complexity levels, and made routing decisions based on those profiles.

To estimate task type and complexity, we used NVIDIA’s Prompt Task and Complexity Classifier. It classifies prompts into categories like QA, summarization, code generation, and more. It also scores prompts along six dimensions such as creativity, reasoning, domain knowledge, contextual knowledge, constraints, and few-shots. From this it produces a weighted overall complexity score.

This gave us a structured way to decide when a prompt justified a premium model like Claude Opus 4.1 and when a smaller model like GPT-5-mini would perform just as well.

Now we are working on integrating this with Google’s UniRoute (https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08773
by contrarian1234 | 2025-09-28 10:33:43+00:00
This is why there is a global crisis of confidence in science. B/c science is constantly portrayed as a tool to push agendas and policies (that are maybe even necessary) and not an exploration of facts. It's done so blatantly and transparently that anyone with a skeptical mind is just turned off by the whole thing

This isn't an indictment of science or scientists, but of science reporting. If the story is climate-change related then it's reported. If it's not, then they find some climate change related angle. If they can't then the story is usually dropped.
by newdee | 2025-09-28 10:35:00+00:00
And buy what instead exactly? We live in a world (or are shortly to be in one) where government and other primary services like banking and digital IDs require not only a smart phone, but one running a “sanctioned” platform where the OS and hardware state have to be attested by a “trusted” provider (Google, Apple, Samsung, etc). Your rooted, Graphene phone need not apply.
by zielmicha | 2025-09-28 10:35:59+00:00
SSH is actually really slow on high latency high bandwidth links (this is what HPN-SSH patches fix: https://www.psc.edu/hpn-ssh-home/hpn-ssh-faq). It's very apparent if you try running rsync between two datacenters on different contients.

HTTP/3 (and hopefully this project) does not have this problem.
by lolive | 2025-09-28 10:36:46+00:00
For an example of RDF being exchanged between a server and a client, you can test

https://search.datao.net/beta/?q=barack%20obama

Open your javascript console, and hover the results on the left hand side of the page with your mouse. The console will display which RDF message triggered the viz in the center of the page.

Update: you may want to FIRST select the facet "DBPedia" at the top of the page, for more meaningful messages exchanged.

Update2: the console does not do syntax higlighting, so here is the highlighted RDF https://datao.net/ttl.jpg linked to the 1st item of " https://search.datao.net/beta/?q=films%20about%20barack%20ob... "
by xyzzy123 | 2025-09-28 10:37:11+00:00
Farming sector in the UK was heavily subsidised in the past, not sure of today or what if any support rice farmers might be able to get.

I agree it shouldn't be "discouraged" (as a private enterprise) but it seems reasonable to debate whether they should receive subsidies or grants etc.

EDIT: this looks more like research than production, so I think it makes sense for it to be supported by grants.
by ancarda | 2025-09-28 10:38:37+00:00
We're slowly making progress. We're almost at 50% IPv6 worldwide traffic to Google: https://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/statistics.html

Depending on what country you're in and what your traffic patterns look like, it might be higher. Some countries are >70% IPv6 traffic to Google.

Do you ever check your access logs to see when you're ready to go IPv6 only?
by SkiFire13 | 2025-09-28 10:38:47+00:00
It's cool to see the end result, but I would prefer if the article focused a bit more on how it achieves such solution. For example, how does it dispatch work to the various threads? Fo they sleep when there's no work to do? If so how do you wake them up? How does it handle cases where work is not uniformly distributes between your work items (i.e. some of them are a lot slower to process)? Is that even part of the end goal?
by omnimus | 2025-09-28 10:39:09+00:00
I also have the cheapest M1 air and the only bottleneck is memory. Once you have too many things open it's not happy. But doing webdev this thing compiles 40% faster than my (older) xeon 8 core desktop machine. It even plays Baldurs Gate 3 (but it takes too much space on the drive lol)
by contrarian1234 | 2025-09-28 10:39:42+00:00
They seem a bit more careful when it comes to political stats or economic figures.

I enjoy their Behind the Stats podcast:

https://www.bbc.com/audio/series/p02nrss1

(though also often sloppy)

I think b/c politicians are expected to lie. Whereas scientists are viewed as naiive cute furry animals that wouldn't spin the truth. You never hear them take a scientist to task or ask probing questions. It's really a different type of interview - where the holy gurus of academia are blessing the reporter with knowledge
by eru | 2025-09-28 10:40:17+00:00
Farming sector as a whole is heavily subsidised in most of Europe, but that doesn't mean everything you do as a farmer (and every crop) is subsidised.

Eg potatoes grown for eating are almost completely unregulated and unsubsidised in the EU. Similar with grapes grown for eating. In comparison with potatoes grown for starch and wine grown for grapes. It's crazy.
by mazurnification | 2025-09-28 10:40:55+00:00
So the issue is that 220V is nominal in China, 230V nominal in UE and 240V is UK/part of Australia. So if anyone is preparing product for global market (as most are doing now) more likely then not will support all of this voltages. Thus is kind of normal (but wrong) to assume 220V sounds like 240V.
by kketch | 2025-09-28 10:41:16+00:00
Well, precisely:

- There is one obvious way to provide type hints for your code, it’s to use the typing module provided by the language which also provides syntax support for it.

- You don’t have to use it because not all code has to be typed

- You can use formatted strings, but you don’t have to

- You can use comprehensions but you don’t have to

- You can use async io, but you don’t have to. But it’s the one obvious way to do it in python

The obvious way to annotate a generic function isn’t with a giant Union, it’s with duck typing using a Protocol + TypeVar. Once you known that, the obvious way is… pretty obvious.

The obvious way not be bothered with type hints because you don’t like them is not to use them!

Python is full of optional stuff, dataclasses, named tuples, meta programming, multiple ancestor inheritance. You dont have to use these features, but there are only one way to use them
by j4cobgarby | 2025-09-28 10:41:19+00:00
I've been working on this tool for a couple of weeks to try and help students in a course on operating systems. They had a task to implement a shell, and it was kind of tricky viewing the processes that their shell makes using top/htop. Lots of them also struggled with setting up pipes properly.

Hence, this tool shows a realtime updating view of the process tree under a given PID, as well as a history log so you don't miss fleeting process executions. It also shows which files are used for each process' stdin and stdout (and, configurably, stderr), as well as information about process groups (which is useful for understanding signal delivery).

I've got some good feedback on this tool from some of the students I actually designed it for, and I'm wondering if it can help anyone else?

Let me know if there are any missing features (a bit of a wishlist is going on at the bottom of the readme already!) Maybe more importantly, there must be some bugs, so if you come across any please let me know!
by cornholio | 2025-09-28 10:43:11+00:00
The key words here are "a basic" level of housing. A house in the most exclusive area of town will always be an investment (not necessarily a good one), because it primarily offers exclusion of other poorer members of the society from your surroundings, not habitation for yourself. It can't be affordable by definition.

But a basic level of housing is a human right, because it's a prerequisite for maintaining your humanity, ditto for healthcare.
App systematizing iterative self-improvement
by chrispbacon | 2025-09-28 10:43:59+00:00
Hi all, I’m a Xoogler who’s always had a strong interest in the area of self-improvement.

Right now, I have a structure/system to iteratively address my outstanding weaknesses within the following domains conventionally regarded as “foundations to success”: discipline, mindfulness, motivation, patience, grit, cognition speed (to the extent it can be modulated).

I employ a wide range of tools largely drawing from CBT, and leverage mindfulness gained from meditation to ensure I’m able to actually perform the relevant interventions. I journal regularly to reflect on the value my current toolset provides and iterate accordingly, using observations about my thoughts and feelings I glean throughout the day as fodder.

None of these things are at all novel, but I’m struggling to find an existing application that replicates this flow. Since I’ve been able to use this structure to improve my overall performance as a SWE, I’m considering possibly making an app for this.

My target audience might be folks who are already relatively high performers. Think ~ top half of SWEs & entrepreneurs.

Questions:

1. Thoughts on the value of this as an app?

2. Of the areas I listed, which do you have the most pain points in? Any apps/tools you use to improve and track progress? (areas, restated: discipline, mindfulness, motivation, patience, grit, speed of cognition).

3. Anybody interested in discussing this 1:1? Happy to share my knowledge on these subjects…
by adrian_b | 2025-09-28 10:44:56+00:00
Besides the ratio between the peak and effective value, you must also account for the standard tolerance of the nominal value.

The actual maximum peak voltage for the European mains, is 230 V * 1.15 * sqrt(2), because of a 15% tolerance. That is about 375 V. With a small safety margin, the minimum voltage rating for components connected to 230 V a.k.a. 220 V is of 400 volt.
by drillbit | 2025-09-28 10:45:44+00:00
I learnt to play Go about 15 years ago, in university—never to a particularly high level, but it was a satisfying experience nonetheless. Much like learning to play a musical instrument, it teaches perseverance, discipline, and self-restraint while also letting you have fun. Back then there were many fewer online resources in English for learning Go. These days there's also professional-level commentary in English (Michael Redmond's youtube channel is particularly good).

There was an older guy running the local club at the university, a strong player who had a passion for teaching the game. This is in a small town in quite a remote area. I later heard he had learnt Go in the 1970s, first by reading books, then by meeting Japanese fishing crews who had come to the harbour to play. We're still friends today.

Go has many proverbs which act as rules of thumb for playing well (e.g. 'hane at the head of two stones'). IMO an underrated one is 'make friends playing Go'. As great as resources like the link are, I still prefer to play in person, over a board, for this reason.
by LiamPowell | 2025-09-28 10:46:13+00:00
Without more details there's a whole lot of nothing here, however:

> The pins that were supposed to nestle into the motherboard were instead pointing skyward and it was utterly obvious that no electricity could flow through the part.

> Someone had soldered the chip in place regardless.

How can the chip both be soldered in place and not have any electrical connection? I suppose it could be one of a handful of ICs with both a top and bottom metallic thermal pad, but those are incredibly uncommon.
by ksec | 2025-09-28 10:47:08+00:00
The actual iPhone 2G and 3G is bigger than iPhone 4. With 3G being slightly wider than 2G. If we had fitted latest technology screens on that body with same aspect ratio as current iPhone. We would get an 5.85" iPhone 3G size but slightly taller.

Since it is so thick at 12.3mm I am pretty sure we could fit a battery that is even larger than iPhone Air.
by tdeck | 2025-09-28 10:47:26+00:00
I like Python a lot, and have been using it for personal projects since about 2010. It was only once I started working and encountering long-lived unfamiliar Python codebases regularly that I understood the benefits of type hints. It's not fun to have to trace through 5 or 6 different functions to try to figure out what type is being passed in or returned from something. It's even less fun to find out that someone made a mistake and it's actually two different incompatible things depending on the execution path.

That era of Python codebases were miserable to work in, and often ended up in the poorly though out "we don't know how this works and it has too many bugs, let's just rewrite it" category.
by TeMPOraL | 2025-09-28 10:47:44+00:00
Am I wrong in feeling that 5-15MB is... more than enough data for the world we see? There's not that much information here.

I'm not trying to be a demoscene smart-ass here, either (I expect demoscene masters would've packed the equivalent in under 1MB). Just that, models are low-poly, the world is small and made up from pieces that feel simple to describe; as long as you're not trying to bake everything into a static set of meshes, but willing to encode them at a higher level, 5MB seems like plenty.

For a dimensionally reduced analogy, the 2D equivalent would be a perfect example of an image that's very large in raster form, but quite small in vector form.

Are my intuitions widely off here?

Note that this does not make it any less impressive - on the contrary, I'm amazed by how much detail and soul is there to this world, despite apparent simplicity. I'm also amazed at how navigable this world is. I've made many stupid moves that I was dead sure will wedge me between walls, or get me stuck in a nook with no way of going back; but none of that happened. They must've put a lot of thought into the design, and it wouldn't surprise me if they manually mapped out the world to ensure there's no one-way paths.
by moefh | 2025-09-28 10:48:49+00:00
There's no dropping of type requirements in Java, `var` only saves typing.

When you use `var`, everything is as statically typed as before, you just don't need to spell out the type when the compiler can infer it. So you can't (for example) say `var x = null` because `null` doesn't provide enough type information for the compiler to infer what's the type of `x`.
by MrJohz | 2025-09-28 10:49:13+00:00
Huh, I would have said almost the opposite to that last paragraph. Recognising that I am the person who produced some bit of work, and therefore I am responsible for its quality (and in this case timeliness) is the heart of self-reflection. Without that, how can I ever get better at what I do? If criticisms of my work are completely divorced from any criticism of myself, then I cannot grow, because I am never being criticised.

I feel like there's a middle ground here, where I understand that failures in my work don't necessarily define me, but that I am still responsible for them.
by adrian_b | 2025-09-28 10:49:13+00:00
When the voltage was unified in UE, the nominal value was set to the median of 230 V, but its tolerance was raised from 10% to 15%, so that the new maximum peak value of 230V + 15% will match the old value of 240 V + 10%.

So now for all 220/230/240 V standards you have the same maximum voltage value that is used for electrical designs (about 265 V effective), so they are equivalent, regardless of the name.
by ashvardanian | 2025-09-28 10:49:30+00:00
Yes, non-uniform workloads are supported! See `for_n_dynamic`.

The threads “busy-wait” by running an infinite loop in a lower energy state on modern CPUs.

And yes, there are more details in the actual implementation in the repository itself. This section, for example, describes the atomic variables needed to control all of the logic: https://github.com/ashvardanian/fork_union?tab=readme-ov-fil...
by gsf_emergency_2 | 2025-09-28 10:50:03+00:00
To flip this into a potential solution to a wider problem-- global thermal balance-- combine solar panels with radiative cooling.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422...

https://www.pv-magazine.com/2025/01/13/daytime-radiative-coo...