MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by sparkie | 2025-09-30 02:41:58+00:00
Obviously you'll need to read the manuals to get much done, but these kinds of tutorials are complimentary.

The issue with x86_64 is that you need to understand some of the legacy "warts" to actually use 64-bits. The CPU does not start in "long mode" - you have to gradually enable certain features to get yourself into it. Getting into 32-bit protected mode is prerequisite knowledge to getting into long mode. I recall there was some effort by Intel to resolve some of this friction, breaking backward compatibility, but not sure where that's at.

The reason most hobby OS projects die is more to do with drivers. While it's trivial to support VGA and serial ports, for a modern machine we need USB3+, SATA, PCI-E, GPU drivers, WIFI and so forth. The effort for all these drivers dwarfs getting a basic kernel up and running. The few novel operating systems that support more modern hardware tend to utilize Linux drivers by providing a compatible API over a hardware abstraction layer - which forces certain design constraints on the kernel, such as (at least partial) POSIX compatibility.
by sipofwater | 2025-09-30 02:42:25+00:00
"“If something requires us to cease production, we will do that:” FAA -- "The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is considering whether to suspend the Production Certificate of Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA) if it’s not satisfied changes to its safety culture are sufficient, LNA has learned."": https://old.reddit.com/r/economy/comments/1bj6jsh/if_somethi... (From March 2024, old.reddit.com/r/economy/comments/1bj6jsh/if_something_requires_us_to_cease_production_we/)
by garfij | 2025-09-30 02:43:21+00:00
We use them extensively in our agent framework at work for all sort of things. You can make up whatever you want, if the tags are semantic enough it just gets it, or you can add a bit of explanation about it in the system prompt or whatever.

- Circuit breakers when it seem like it's stuck in a loop - Warnings about running low on context - Reminders about task lists (or anything) - All sorts of warnings about whatever
by ViscountPenguin | 2025-09-30 02:44:28+00:00
I actually agree that Norms and Traditions are important, but I don't think they have a functional link to the beliefs of historical figures. Norms are better understood, I think, in the same vein as oral tradition; passed down directly from one generation to the next, slowly changing over time.

On the other hand, I'm not particularly invested in the personal moral evil or good of people in the past. When I see similar opinions to mine expressed by Americans, they often give an argument of that ilk, but it seems to me to be rooted in the same belief that these long dead people should somehow have a say in the present. The fundamental reason their opinion is irrelevant isn't because they're evil (a subject which I haven't studied, and won't present an opinion on either way), but because they've been dead for a couple hundred years.

I'm Australian, and while like all countries we have important historical figures, the culture surrounding them isn't at all like what I observe from the United States. While, for example, you'd be hard pressed to find someone arguing that Edmund Barton wasn't an important figure, I don't think anyone in the modern day really gives a shit what they thought.

The most mythologized figures in Aussie history would probably be: Captain Cook, Curtin, and Whitlam; but I don't think anyone views them in a similar vein.

I suspect the reason we don't have similar figures might come down to our lack of a civil war. We separated peacefully from the UK, and didn't really come out with any heroes to mythologize.
by blooalien | 2025-09-30 02:45:33+00:00
> Democratic socialism, also called social democracy, has been dramatically more effective than America's late stage capitalism.

> The heavily unionized capitalism that we had in the decades after WW2 also worked much better than our present system.

^^^ This. ^^^

What I'd really like to see is pick all the various bits and pieces from all the things that have been tried that do work well and try to build something around using those bits to build a solid foundation, using the mistakes of the past to learn from and avoid; not repeat ad-nauseam throughout history until it brings about our eventual end as a species. Clearly not gonna happen though. We're all too hell-bent on actively not seeing any sorta "big picture" future for humanity beyond "he who dies with the most money wins".
by jjani | 2025-09-30 02:45:49+00:00
Absolutely, sometimes you want, or indeed need such complexity. Some work in settings where they would want it all of the time. IMHO, most people, most of the time don't really want it, and don't want to have to prompt it every time to avoid it. That's why I think it's still very useful to build up experience with the three frontier models, so you can choose according to the situation.
by lefstathiou | 2025-09-30 02:46:07+00:00
I bought a domain that was previously used for hentai in the 90s and 00s. It was blacklisted from search because Symantec site review and other similar site review services marked it as adult content. I emailed each of them directly and within 48-72 hours, all had manually changed it. This is the only path that I know of.
by mattlangston | 2025-09-30 02:46:33+00:00
It does well with screenshot-calculus for me. For example, I pasted a screenshot of the Layer Norm equation into Claude Code 2 and asked:

"Differentiate y(x) w.r.t x, gamma and beta."

It not only produced the correct result, but it understood the context - I didn't tell it the context was layer norm, back-propagation and matrices.

This release is a step function for my use cases.

My screenshot came from here: https://docs.pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.nn.Laye...
by gpt5 | 2025-09-30 02:46:36+00:00
All these companies are pursuing humanoids precisely because we've built the world around that "form factor" (and we evolved ourselves to fit to the world). It's a general purpose design. It's the same reason why OpenAI pursued LLMs, as they are general purpose.

Yes, like LLMs, they will over-promise in the beginning. But it still make sense to pursue that form factor from an investment perspective if we think it's feasible.
Show HN: AI Ghostface – Generate spooky ghostface images with AI
by droidHZ | 2025-09-30 02:47:45+00:00
I built a small fun project called AI Ghostface. It lets you generate spooky, Ghostface-style images instantly with AI — just type a prompt or use presets, and you’ll get creepy results in seconds.

The idea came from the recent hype around “AI Ghostface” memes, and I wanted to make it accessible to anyone without needing technical skills or Photoshop. It’s web-based, works on desktop and mobile, and outputs meme-ready images for social fun.

Would love feedback from the HN community — both on the tech side (performance, scaling ideas) and the concept (is this something you’d actually use/share?).
by ViscountPenguin | 2025-09-30 02:48:13+00:00
I'm kind of mixed on this take.

The country I come from (Australia) has a similar`ish racial makeup (about 70% white in Australia, vs about 63% in the USA), but I struggle to think of a similar set of values that ties us together. Notably, we also have significantly less political violence, so I don't think we're headed towards anarchy for a lack of one.

On the other hand, I see similar arguments coming from neighbouring countries. Notably both Malaysia and Indonesia have strong civic mythos.
by baconbrand | 2025-09-30 02:48:56+00:00
This seems different to me than other hype bubbles because “the human intelligence/magical worker replacement machine isn’t in that guy’s box or the other guy’s box or even the last version of my box but it surely is in this box now that I have here for you for a price...” is just about infinitely repackageble and resellable to an infinite (?) contingent of old gullible men with access to functionally infinite money. Not sure if that’s lack of imagination or education on my part or what.
by progmetaldev | 2025-09-30 02:49:07+00:00
I truly appreciate articles like this. I am using the Umbraco CMS, and have written code to use lower than the recommended requirements to keep the entire system running. While I don't see a use for using a Span<T> yet, I could definitely see it being useful for a website with an enormous amount of content.

I am currently looking into making use of "public readonly record struct" for the models that I create for my views. Of course, I need to performance profile the code versus using standard classes with readonly properties where appropriate, but since most of my code is short-lived for pulling from the CMS to hydrate classes for the views, I'm not sure how much of a benefit I will get. Luckily I'm in a position to work on squeezing as much performance as possible between major projects.

I'm curious if anyone has found any serious performance benefit from using a Span<T> or a "public readonly record struct" in a .NET CMS, where the pages are usually fire and forget? I have spent years (since 2013) trying to squeeze every ounce of performance from the code, as I work with quite a few smaller businesses, and even the rest of my team are starting to look into Wix or Squarespace, since it doesn't require a "me" to be involved to get a site up and running.

To my credit and/or surprise, I haven't dealt with a breach to my knowledge, and I read logs and am constantly reviewing code as it is my passion (at least working within the confines of the Umbraco CMS, although it isn't my only place of knowledge). I used to work with PHP and CodeIgniter pre-2013 (then Kohana a bit while making the jump from PHP to .NET). I enjoy C#, and feel like I am able to gain quite a bit of performance from it, but if anyone has any ideas for me on how to create even more value from this, I would be extremely interested.
by gus_massa | 2025-09-30 02:49:58+00:00
Bad training weights. They gave 1 point for each correct answer and 0 for each incorrect one, so the model learned to bullshit and complete with random nonsense.

Next time, they will use 1 point for each correct answer and -.1 for each incorrect one, and 0 for "I don't know" and the model will behave. (And perhaps add some intermediate value for "I guess that [something]".)

We do that in the university. If the exam has 0 points for bad answers, I encourage my students to answer all of them.
by yellowapple | 2025-09-30 02:50:17+00:00
UX may not matter to you when experiencing art, but it certainly matters to me when experiencing art. A lack of care for whether or not the art is actually accessible to its audience makes it indistinguishable from the pretentious “avant garde” slop that exists primarily to allow “art dealers” to launder money.

Even worse, this website is less analogous to the art itself and more analogous to an art gallery, which means that now my perception of the art being showcased is now unfairly negative through no fault of the actual art on display. If I'm trying to view some painting at the Louvre only for the curator to jump in front of me and say “Wait! Do you really want to view that painting or do you want a notecard saying where it is?”, damn straight am I going to be annoyed as all hell at such antics, and it's going to ruin my experience through no fault of the actual artist.
by a_belova | 2025-09-30 02:51:17+00:00
Welcome to the AI Dark Funnel: the invisible part of the customer journey happening inside generative AI systems like ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Google’s AI Overviews.

Here’s how it works: customers ask AI about your category, compare options, and even make a decision — without ever visiting your website. By the time they type your brand into Google or land on your site, the decision has already been made. And your dashboards can’t trace it.
by remexre | 2025-09-30 02:51:45+00:00
To pick on graphics, since I'm more familiar with that domain, the problem isn't that this tutorial is about software rasterization, it's that the tutorial is a raytracer that doesn't do shading, textures, shadows, or any geometry but spheres, and spends most of its word count talking about implementing the trig functions on fixed-point numbers instead of just using math.h functions on IEEE floats.
by surajrmal | 2025-09-30 02:52:31+00:00
shared_ptr will bite you in the rear if you ever need to have well defined semantics about when an object is destructed. It has a lot of good use cases, especially in async code bases where you want to effectively cancel callbacks if the captured variable has gone away. Proactively cancelation is much more difficult by comparison. There are other ways to achieve this result but the one used in the article is a fine choice.
Ask HN: Do you use mind maps in your coding practice?
by kentich | 2025-09-30 02:52:57+00:00
I've always used mind maps in my coding practice. When I dive into a new project with an unfamiliar codebase, I analyze it by putting pieces of code directly into a mind map as nodes. Is anyone else here doing the same?

I used to copy and paste code into a separate mind-mapping app, but I eventually developed a Visual Studio / VS Code extension to do this natively. It lets you jump to the linked code with a click on the node. This feature was a game changer in code navigation for me. For reference, the extension is called Code Mind Map (https://codemindmap.com/).
by smacker | 2025-09-30 02:53:53+00:00
I'm not very well versed with CURL design too but afaik it does reuse connections but only inside the same process (e.g. downloading 10 files with 1 command). In this case it shouldn't be re-using them as I ran 2 different commands. I should have included TLS handshake time in the output, though. You can see it here (overall time is lower because I hit preview env that is slightly different from staging/prod):

First hit: ``` DNS Lookup: 0.026284s Connect (TCP): 0.036498s Time app connect (TLS): 0.059136s Start Transfer: 1.282819s Total: 1.282928s ```

Second hit: ``` DNS Lookup: 0.003575s Connect (TCP): 0.016697s Time app connect (TLS): 0.032679s Start Transfer: 0.242647s Total: 0.242733s ```

Metrics description:

time_namelookup: The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the name resolving was completed.

time_connect: The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the TCP connect to the remote host (or proxy) was completed.

time_appconnect: The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the SSL/SSH/etc connect/handshake to the remote host was completed.

time_starttransfer: The time, in seconds, it took from the start until the first byte was just about to be transferred. This includes time_pretransfer and also the time the server needed to calculate the result.
by remexre | 2025-09-30 02:55:08+00:00
Funny question since you bring up JTAG and RISC-V -- do you have a cheapish RISC-V device you'd recommend that actually exposes its JTAG? The Milk-V Duo S, Milk-V Jupiter, and Pine64 Oz64 all seem not to expose one; IIRC, the Jupiter even wires TDO as an input (on the other side of a logic level shifter)...
by ehnto | 2025-09-30 02:57:22+00:00
Perhaps they'll use a lightweight advertising model to watch the output of chats, and look for product placement opportunities.

That's a "fun" thought experiment if they did do that, because the advertising model inference will need to run cheaply enough compared to the conversion rate/margin on clicks. I suspect it will be really hard to beat Google Ads on cost if you have to run inference on all chat output for each ad placement. It could put ChatGPT into a higher end/higher cost advertising platform.
by autumnstwilight | 2025-09-30 02:57:32+00:00
Well, look at what happened when Hyundai sent their staff over to get a factory that the US wanted built. (My understanding is that they were bending the rules of short term visas because the correct visas were simply not allocated to South Korea in the number required and there was somewhat of a blind eye turned in the past in the interest of getting anything done ever.)

If I were at TSMC, I would not trust that the correct visas would be available in a timely manner to complete the project and also that any staff sent over there might get scooped up by ICE and sorted out later.
by hodgehog11 | 2025-09-30 02:58:13+00:00
So for reference, I am a mathematician, I work in probability theory. I don't work in optimisation theory, but saw a talk a few days ago by a prominent member in that field ranting about the obsession with pointless bounds when industry does not care, Gurobi team does not care, and for OR, NN-centric heuristics coupled with massive GPU compute are eating the lunch of academia. But I digress.

The key difference is that this one approach (and the improvements that follow up on it) seems to be generating counterexamples and sharper estimates at such a rapid speed that they simply can't publish them fast enough. It almost seems pointless to do so given how easy they now are to find. Mathematicians are not stupid, we know about meta-heuristics. It takes forever to get a single result with existing techniques, so long that each result is often its own paper. Getting everything in the PatternBoost paper took a few months, as I understand. Local search is problem-specific, but the point is that the NN is doing a lot of heavy-lifting so the choice of local search is not as critical.

Here is a frivolous example mentioned in the paper itself: largest subset of a 2D lattice with no embedded isosceles triangle. For larger lattices (I don't remember the exact size under consideration), SoTA are SAT solvers which work up to n=32. Previous meta-heuristics cannot even do this, of course, you can try if you don't believe me. PatternBoost has just recently gotten to ~96% of the expected size for n=64 and is still improving by the day. Once it reaches 100%, there are techniques to show local optimality. Does this work as a benchmark? There are plenty more in there and unpublished.

For more serious cases that are difficult to explain here, the group in Sydney have counterexamples to hundreds of graph-theory and rep. theory conjectures that have stood for many decades. I also disagree on the "no different" aspect; Geordie Williamson is a very strong mathematician, and does not tend to jump on trivial things. He is very receptive to discussion on these matters, so you can ask him yourself how this is actually a game-changer downstream.

Yes, it is a meta-heuristic. But almost all meta-heuristics have been useless so far for these problems. This one is not, and for the people downstream, that's really all that matters.
by JambalayaJimbo | 2025-09-30 02:58:52+00:00
It's a new space, everyone is coming up with their own protocols. It's really no different than Stripe offering an API so you can use them as a payment provider. You need to implement this API on your website so ChatGPT can allow users to buy stuff from you.

You need some amount of strictness in the API here, LLMs are not actually sentient. You could say that this is a failure on OpenAI's part in comparison to their marketing, sure.
by tjr | 2025-09-30 02:59:15+00:00
This article seems a bit light on details, but a little more at the FAA website:

https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/faa-statement-boeing-airworthin...

https://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/designees_...

It is typical for aerospace companies to have in-house "FAA delegates" who function in the stead of direct FAA reviewers, and it looks like all that is going on here is the FAA is allowing Boeing to go back to using their own internal delegates (every other week!).
by NoPicklez | 2025-09-30 02:59:44+00:00
I'm not arguing one over the other, I'm saying that I'd like to see that based on the research, the risk elements quantified and visualised. Alcoholism is a slippery slope just like eating fast food everyday, however its impacts are likely quantified differently and have different mortalities.

And yes, there is evidence to show that your pre-frontal cortex surrounding impulse control can be weakened by high sugar and high fat diets. Eating indulgent sugary foods absolutely contributes to you wanting more of them.
by rvz | 2025-09-30 03:00:05+00:00
I'm scrolling through lots of comments here over many of them being entirely dependent on chatbots to vibe code and even some here are unable to write a function by hand anymore, which is concerning.

Perhaps your comment is the only one so far that is talking sense of the true side effect of over-reliance on these vibe coding tools and the reality is the cost of maintainance.
by singlepaynews | 2025-09-30 03:00:41+00:00
A webscraping / data pipeline to get the .pdf "Explanation of Benefits", "Proof of Coverage", and "Drug Formulary" for every Medicare Advantage plan in the USA

These docs are gonna be used in a product for medicare brokers (if you are/know one please reach out open enrollment starts Nov.1!), and the pipeline is horizontally scalable to ingest updated 2026 plans overnight @ start of open enrollment (though some companies are posting updated plans earlier)

There are some clever tricks at play but mostly it's bog-standard browser automation; I'm also in an interview process with 2 entities (one funded startup and one massive corporation) talking about web automation roles, and while it's frustrating that they're moving so slowly it's working out to give me time to build this well.
by genidoi | 2025-09-30 03:02:06+00:00
> where I feel so disconnected from my codebase I'd rather just delete it than continue.

If you allow your codebase to grow unfamiliar, even unrecognisable to you, that's on you, not the AI. Chasing some illusion of control via LLM output reproducibility won't fix the systemic problem of you integrating code that you do not understand.
by progmetaldev | 2025-09-30 03:03:20+00:00
If you are looking to squeeze every ounce of performance from your entire application stack, I'd say you should be looking at everything your ORM produces. The ORM is basically to speed up your developers time to production, but most ORMs will have some cases where they generate terrible SQL, and you can usually run your own SQL in a stored procedure if the generated SQL is sub-optimal. I've done this quite a few times with Microsoft's Entity Framework, but as new versions come out, it's become less common for me to have to do this. Usually I need to drop to a stored procedure for code that allows searching a large number of columns, in addition to sorting on all the columns that display. I also use stored procedures for multi-table joins with a WHERE clause, when using Entity Framework. You still need to look at your generated queries, but the code is nothing like it used to be under Entity Framework under the .NET Framework (at least in my experience - YMMV - you should never just let your ORM create SQL without reviewing what it is coming up with).
by AgentElement | 2025-09-30 03:03:29+00:00
With nix + home manager, you can use `mkOutOfStoreSymlink` to make symlinks between the dotfile repo and the target destination in `.config`. I've found this to be the most ergonomic way to have nix-managed dotfiles. Because the out-of-store dotfile repo is symlinked, you can make little changes to your system without doing the whole commit and switch dance.

For example, here's a snippet pulled from my dotfiles that does this for multiple dotfiles at once:

home.file = builtins.mapAttrs (key: value: { # symlink ~/dotfiles/configs/{value} to ~/{key} source = config.lib.file.mkOutOfStoreSymlink "${config.home.homeDirectory}/dotfiles/configs/${value}"; }) { ".zshrc" = "zsh/zshrc"; ".p10k.zsh" = "zsh/p10k.zsh"; ".config/sway/config" = "sway/config"; ".config/nvim/init.lua" = "nvim/init.lua"; };