MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by ta1243 | 2025-09-12 18:58:14+00:00
Will nato go to war if Russia sends a few drones over a member state?

Of course not.

Nuclear powers would only use nuclear weapons if it's the last resort.

So when in the salami tactics world does it get used?

It's not exactly a new scenario:

Riots in West Berlin, buildings in flames. East German fire brigade crosses the border to help. Would you press the button? The East German police come with them. The button? Then some troops, more troops just for riot control, they say. And then the East German troops are replaced by Russian troops. Button? Then the Russian troops don't go. They are invited to stay to support civilian administration. The civilian administration closes roads and Tempelhof Airport.
by thewebguyd | 2025-09-12 18:58:24+00:00
It'd definitely be interesting to see the affect on the foldable market if Apple releases one.

I'm still skeptical on that happening though. I don't think the screen tech is ready for an Apple quality device yet, and Apple is historically very into device separation - they try not to blur the lines between their products. iPad will never be a mac, macs will never have touch screens, I have a hard time seeing them making a phone that effectively becomes an iPad mini.
by petertodd | 2025-09-12 18:58:28+00:00
Military operations would do that as well. Ukraine is destroying Russia's oil and gas industry right now. Sanctions or not, that oil and gas is becoming unavailable. Either way, preventing innocent Ukrainians being slaughtered with your money will do harm to your economy; continuing to get cheap oil from Russia inevitably pays for evil.

Might as well do whatever is most effective, which is likely to be harsh sanctions followed by military action to fully enforce them.
by majgr | 2025-09-12 18:58:48+00:00
It is/was quite popular in Poland. 35 years ago, as a kid, I was assembling paper models. Planes were the easiest, usually it took about 2 days to do one. Couple of years ago I wanted to get back to it, so I bought a plane. Well, it turned out that fashion for paper models had changed and now 'reductionist' models are in full swing - being as close as possible to original. That plane has 160 pieces (a lot of them also subdivided), and every part that has size about 10cm in real life, has been modelled. In two weeks I was still in cockpit. Here is paper model of SR-71: https://www.sklep.model-kom.pl/sr-71-model-samolotu-rozpozna... From drawings it looks like it is more than 167+, not including subparts.
by joz1-k | 2025-09-12 18:58:53+00:00
> Read wikipedia and it seems to mean....use a recursive function?

Yes, that's one (common) approach to dynamic programming. The recursive function call are memoized so that previous calculations are remembered for future function calls. Overlapping subproblems become trivial if you can reuse previously computed values. The recursion with memoization is top-down dynamic programming.
by happytoexplain | 2025-09-12 18:59:11+00:00
I have a love-hate relationship with backwards compatibility. I hate the mess - I love when an entity in a position of power is willing to break things in the name of advancement. But I also love the cleverness - UTF-8, UTF-16, EAN, etc. To be fair, UTF-8 sacrifices almost nothing to achieve backwards compat though.
by tim333 | 2025-09-12 18:59:46+00:00
It's looking a bit like Russia's adventure in Afghanistan. With that, after a decade:

>The war gradually inflicted a high cost on the Soviet Union as military, economic, and political resources became increasingly exhausted. (wikipedia)

and the Soviet Union withdrew in 1989 and collapsed in 1991. I doubt Russia can keep this one going for a decade. They are currently losing about 1000 soldiers a day and have a deficit of ~$100bn/yr, 17% interest rates and 20% of their oil refining capacity taken out by Ukrainian drone strikes which are escalating.
by Eisenstein | 2025-09-12 19:00:11+00:00
The author is a member of the academic community and are known for their grounded and informed takes on topics which are extremely complex and only well understood by high level physics theoreticians and researchers.

They are writing for an audience of sophisticated non-experts who are curious about fields of advanced topics that are difficult to understand and thus are usually distorted in an unhelpful way by people who barely grasp it but are trusted by the public to be the authority on relaying that topic to laypeople.
by philipkglass | 2025-09-12 19:00:19+00:00
The only way to ensure that a civil uranium enrichment program remains strictly civil is via transparency and monitoring. A country that has mastered uranium enrichment technology for fueling civil power reactors could use the same technology to produce bomb-grade uranium. It actually takes more work to enrich natural uranium into fuel for power reactors than it takes to further enrich power reactor fuel into bomb material:

https://scipython.com/blog/uranium-enrichment-and-the-separa...
Ask HN: Are there any modern devices similar to Palm Pilot?
by butz | 2025-09-12 19:00:37+00:00
With all mobile ecosystems closing down, I am considering switching to dumb phone. It will be used for calls and SMS only. For all my personal computing and hobby projects I would like to have some additional device that runs open source software, and does not prevent me from building and running custom applications. It would be amazing to have some device similar to classig Palm Pilot, "handheld PDA". Maybe even with stylus, 4"-5" touchscreen that easily fits anywhere. Are there any similar devices available? Tablets are way too large and are using same closed mobile ecosystems.
by Terr_ | 2025-09-12 19:00:56+00:00
> There should be sorts of an exponential backoff mandated for the contents of bills.

I don't think that's workable:

* If it only works for exact bills, they'll just change a tiny bit and resubmit, and we're back to square one but with frustrating procedures/paperwork.

* If it works for approximate bills, then it will be abused by opponents that introduce fatally-flawed versions of your good bill in order to block you from ever getting it voted-on.
by epistasis | 2025-09-12 19:01:04+00:00
Which are the fake costs from regulation?

We have new builds in Europe of the EPR, in France and Finland, and it has had disastrous costs. China has built some too, presumably cheaper, since they keep on building more. What is the regulatory difference there?

I have yet to find any concrete defense of the idea that costs are coming from regulation, rather than the costs of construction in advanced economies.

If regulations are the cost, name them and a solution. Otherwise it seems like we are wasting efforts in optimizing the wrong thing for nuclear.
by xp84 | 2025-09-12 19:01:18+00:00
I think if you transcoded all the music you want from Apple Music so that you could just listen with an MP3 player or PC of your choosing instead of their software, if you continued paying the subscription fee indefinitely - would be pretty defensible, ethically upstanding, and let's be real, there is a 0.000000000% chance you'd ever get sued for doing that on your own.

The hazards of course are that if someone were to do so and stop paying the subscription fee, they're in dubious moral territory, and if someone built a tool to "help" you do it automatically that person is going to be sued.
by throw0101d | 2025-09-12 19:01:24+00:00
> 25 years ago, IR scholar Dan Drezner wrote the book _The Sanctions Paradox_ which tried to explain, in an IR theory sort of way, why sanctions are used so often and achieve so little- they don't overthrow governments, they rarely even manage to make governments stop doing the things we don't like.

Sanctions are a negative-rate compounding system. Sarah Paine from the US Naval War College:

> People look at sanctions and go, “Oh, they don't work because you don't make whoever's annoying you change whatever they're doing.” What they do is they suppress growth so that whoever's annoying you over time, you're stronger and they're weaker. And the example of the impact of sanctions is compare North and South Korea. It's powerful over several generations.

* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcVSgYz5SJ8&t=29m03s

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_C._M._Paine
by pydry | 2025-09-12 19:01:34+00:00
The nuclear industry did say that this would happen but the reality was the exact opposite:

>According to research institute Fraunhofer’s Energy Charts, the plant had a utilisation ratio of only 24% in 2024, half as much as ten years before, BR said. Also, the decommissioning of the nearby Isar 2 nuclear plant did not change the shrinking need for the coal plant, even though Bavaria’s government had repeatedly warned that implementing the nuclear phase-out as planned could make the use of more fossil power production capacity necessary.

https://theprogressplaybook.com/2025/02/19/german-state-of-b...
by tavavex | 2025-09-12 19:01:35+00:00
I feel like I'm entering a whole different universe on HN. Maybe things are this equal and fair on the senior, high-paying part of the spectrum that most people here seem to occupy, but in general there's a huge power imbalance in job interviews. Unless you're special and the company wants you in particular, it costs them nothing to turn you down in favor of the other 10000 perfect applicants, while you must find a job to survive.

As someone just starting out, the general feeling among my peers is that I must bend to the interviewer's whims, any resistance or pushback will get you rejected. If this is dodging a bullet, then the entire junior field is a WW1 trench, at least where I am. Why would a company hire someone who gets 9/10 on the behavioral portion when they have a dozen other 10/10 candidates? Of course when the interviewer asks me to use "any language", I'll assume they want Python or Java or C++ or Rust, not Bash or ALGOL 68. Stepping out of line would just be performatively asking them to reject me.
by LegionMammal978 | 2025-09-12 19:01:42+00:00
If you write code simply using an interface, then it's nigh-impossible to infringe on someone else's code implementing that interface, regardless of how internal or technical or particular or unstable that interface is. The provider and consumer are simply doing two different things, and are expressing two different ideas, even if you look at it under the abstract lens of SSO.

Instead, they would have to argue that your code using the interface infringes on either (a) the interface itself, or (b) some of their other code using the interface. The former case (a) has been greatly weakened in light of Oracle v. Google (especially in the driver context where you can argue for interoperability), and my impression is that the latter case (b) can often be minimized to the point that it also falls under fair use. Alternatively, the 'GPL condom' separates the ultimate user even further from any copyrightable elements of the provider's code.

The provider of the interface could try to make it so fiddly that it can only be used in one specific copyrightable way, but if it's so bad that even using a 'GPL condom' would infringe, then you could plausibly spin something from Sega v. Accolade.

In other words, I think the "generally accepted view" you refer to is extremely questionable, even in the context of kernel modules. People just steer clear of these hairy questions out of an abundance of caution, especially when their actions wouldn't net them enough money to pay for litigation. (And as it happens, Nvidia is netting tons of money!) And with a well-designed 'GPL condom', it would be a very uphill battle for the provider to argue that the ultimate user has infringed on some copyrightable element of their code.
by _whiteCaps_ | 2025-09-12 19:01:49+00:00
A surprise live test is absolutely the wrong approach for validating whether someone's done the work. IMO the correct approach is to go through the existing code with the applicant and have them explain how it works. Someone who used AI to build it (or in the past had someone else build it for them) wouldn't be able to do a deep dive into the code.
by HenryMulligan | 2025-09-12 19:01:51+00:00
Ignoring what this model architecture could do and just considering what this model does do, why would I (or anyone) want to run this model (locally) to do <insert use-case>? Is it entirely a proof-of-concept for future training on medical data? Are they looking to use this to attempt to ethically justify training on (free-tier) user's personal data via the application of noise to the training data?
by goku12 | 2025-09-12 19:02:07+00:00
I have seen this somewhere in the official documentation [a]. I know it's too much to expect a user to read the full application documentation. But the documentation for Emacs and several other GNU applications are absolute treasures. The elisp documentation for beginners is in fact a full on introductory text book on programming. So it's a good idea to invest some time on those if you plan to make Emacs your long term coding platform. The returns are significant - it isn't too hard to learn elisp and extend Emacs in ways that are difficult in other editors.

[a] A simple tip. You can find the function of a key sequence with this sequence: `C-h k <sequence>`. Try this with any regular letter key to see what the parent comment is talking about.
by swsieber | 2025-09-12 19:02:40+00:00
I think it's still the case. The 4ms happens if you call setTimeout nested several times. I don't know the exact limit. But it's 5-ish times where that kicks in IIRC.

Edit: Here's the MDN bit on that, I was correct:

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setT...

> browsers will enforce a minimum timeout of 4 milliseconds once a nested call to setTimeout has been scheduled 5 times.

And the link from there to the spec about that:

https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/timers-and-user-promp...

> If nesting level is greater than 5, and timeout is less than 4, then set timeout to 4.
by ChrisArchitect | 2025-09-12 19:03:04+00:00
Is this any different than the previous takes and discussions 2 months ago?

Against the censorship of adult content by payment processors

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44679406

Payment processors' bar on Japanese adult content endangers democracy

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44627828

Visa and Mastercard: The global payment duopoly

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44676559
by yepitwas | 2025-09-12 19:03:24+00:00
Trump's the guy who suggested when he ran against Hillary that the "second amendment people" would be the only ones who could "do anything about it" if she won. Like, holy fucking shit, and then Republicans elected him president after he said that! TWICE!

The right's been laughing it up for decades when liberals get attacked, and calling for aid for their attackers (Kirk did this exact thing with Paul Pelosi, and was, I kid you not, in the middle of trying to blame trans people for the prevalence of mass shootings in the US when he got shot). Calling families of shooting victims crisis actors. Working people up over invented child abuse conspiracies to the point that folks get violent over it. The left aren't the ones doing most of the actually killing people over politics for the last couple decades, at least. There hasn't been significant rates of political violence from the left since like the '70s.

AI Apocalypse Now image of scene in which a large assault featuring napalm takes place, with Trump inserted, re: invading Chicago, and shit like "Chicago's going to learn why we're calling it the Department of War"? This isn't coming from fringe randos, this shit's from republicans holding positions of power and their immediate advisors. These are just examples, there's a constant stream of this stochastic terrorism and actual threats of violence from leaders on the right. It's a huge part of their messaging. Where's Obama talking about West Virginia like it's a foreign country that's wronged us and we're getting ready to Shock and Awe their asses? Doesn't happen.

The left isn't pulling these comparisons out of nowhere, you know? They're comparing them to fascists because they target minorities and promote political violence fucking constantly (plus commit it! Rather often!) while publicly describing and then following through on plans to centralize power to the executive. I know there's a set of somewhat politically-disconnected folks who are super dedicated to the "both sides are equally, but differently, bad, and this doesn't vary over time" thing as if it's a law of nature, but it's extremely not true, in fact.
by xp84 | 2025-09-12 19:03:32+00:00
Re-recording and correctly tagging every song I've added to my "Library" in the past decade in realtime would cost me thousands in lost productivity though, and I'm likely in the bottom 20% in the metric of "percentage of my library added in 2015-2025." So I'm locked in by the sheer impracticality. Someone who actually keeps up with new music, I can't imagine how many hours they'd have to spend.
by MarcelOlsz | 2025-09-12 19:03:54+00:00
We did go into the assignment after I gently bowed out of the goofy live test. The CTO seemed uninterested & unfamiliar with it after returning from a 3 week vacation during the whole process. I waited. Was happy to run him through it all. Talked about how to extend this to a real-world scenario and all that, which I did fantastically well at.
by bluGill | 2025-09-12 19:04:03+00:00
Every interview I know is severely time limited. I don't care if you can solve the problem, so long as your are clearly making progress and have proven you could solve the problem if given longer.

Now I give you problems I expect to take 20 minutes if you have never seen them before so you should at least solve 1. I have more than once realized someone was stuck on the wrong track and redirection efforts were not getting them to a good track so I switched to a different problem which they were then able to solve. I've also stopped people when they have 6 of 10 tests passing because it is clear they could get the rest passing but I wouldn't learn anything more so it wasn't worth wasting their time.

In the real world I'm going to give people complex problems that will take days to solve.
by yellowapple | 2025-09-12 19:05:24+00:00
> I think they should all be government projects so that private companies can't complain that they're losing money and keep have to ratchet up the prices, like PG&E in California.

I grew up a few miles away from SMUD's Rancho Seco nuclear power plant; I maintain that shutting it down was SMUD's worst decision. There were problems motivating that shutdown, yes, but nothing that couldn't have been solved.
by UmGuys | 2025-09-12 19:05:42+00:00
IDK much about the late man other than what I've read in the past couple days. Regarding Dems he's made many remarks that I can't quote precisely.

I asked ChatGPT. Prompt: charlie kirk statements that dehumanize democrats

How those statements can be seen as dehumanizing

Framing as enemies: Saying liberals “hate” America or “want to destroy it” sets them up as antagonists, not just political opponents. It’s about moral character in extreme terms rather than policy disagreements.

Defining identity reductively: Labeling groups as “dependent on government,” or “living in tragedy of your own making,” etc., strips away nuance and reduces people to blame or shame‐oriented traits.

Assigning malicious intent: Some statements assume that Democrats act with ill will or deliberate harmful goals rather than simply having different philosophies or policy priorities.

Us vs. them polarization: These sorts of remarks deepen divides by denying any shared ground or possibility of good faith.

Yes I mean the evil orange guy.
by pydry | 2025-09-12 19:05:56+00:00
Poland is the dirtiest coal producer in Europe but a point in its favor (for some) was that it didnt prove conclusively that you could decarbonize your electric grid without any help at all from nuclear power.

So, it didnt attract any hate or shaming from the nuclear industry's faux - environmentalist public relations arm. Unlike Germany, whom they really hate and for whom the FUD and lies was nearly constant.

(E.g. https://www.reuters.com/article/business/energy/german-nucle... remember when the nuclear industry-promised blackouts finally materialized? I dont).
by ben_w | 2025-09-12 19:06:01+00:00
Greenpeace is both halves of the name.

While I agree that nuclear is green, IMO Greenpeace are correct about it not being compatible with the "peace" half: the stuff that makes working reactors is the most difficult part of making a working weapons.

This also means that during the cold war they suspected of being soviet plants.

Those suspicions and yours could both be correct for all I know.
by connicpu | 2025-09-12 19:06:05+00:00
It doesn't matter what Microsoft thinks of Proton, Google v Oracle had a pretty solid outcome

> In a 6–2 majority, the Court ruled that Google's use of the Java APIs was within the bounds of fair use, reversing the Federal Circuit Appeals Court ruling and remanding the case for further hearing.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_LLC_v._Oracle_America,_...
by quectophoton | 2025-09-12 19:06:38+00:00
Having the continuation bytes always start with the bits `10` also make it possible to seek to any random byte, and trivially know if you're at the beginning of a character or at a continuation byte like you mentioned, so you can easily find the beginning of the next or previous character.

If the characters were instead encoded like EBML's variable size integers[1] (but inverting 1 and 0 to keep ASCII compatibility for the single-byte case), and you do a random seek, it wouldn't be as easy (or maybe not even possible) to know if you landed on the beginning of a character or in one of the `xxxx xxxx` bytes.

[1]: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8794#section-4.4
Show HN: Project Chimera v1.2 – Neuro-Symbolic-Causal AI Agent (Open Source)
by aytuakarlar | 2025-09-12 19:07:36+00:00
I’ve just released Project Chimera v1.2, an open-source hybrid AI agent that blends neuro-symbolic reasoning with causal inference to tackle strategic decision-making problems.

Benchmarks:

I tested my Neuro+Symbolic+Causal Agent against LLM-Only agent and LLM+Symbolic agent. The full neuro-symbolic-causal agent outperformed all baselines. * In brand-trust mode, it hit 1.000 trust and $2M profit, 43% ahead of the nearest rival.

What’s new in v1.2:

* Trust-Adjusted Profit Metric → balances short-term profit with long-term brand trust.

* Dynamic Strategic Personality → adapts its internal priorities based on the mission goal.

* Mandatory Rule Validation → ensures all hypotheses align with business constraints.

* Performance Boost → causal engine now initializes once per simulation (much faster).

* Multi-Scenario Benchmarking → run brand-trust, profit-maximizing, and balanced strategies in one command.

* Expanded Metrics + Live Strategy Feed → more meaningful KPIs and real-time decision logs.

GitHub: https://github.com/akarlaraytu/Project-Chimera

Live Demo: https://project-chimera.streamlit.app/

I’d love your feedback, questions, or ideas for new benchmarks. Contributions are welcome!
by furyofantares | 2025-09-12 19:07:37+00:00
You're right that I was confused about that.

LM Studio defaults to 12/36 layers on the GPU for that model on my machine, but you can crank it to all 36 on the GPU. That does slow it down but I'm not finding it unusable and it seems like it has some advantages - but I doubt I'm going to run it this way.
by nextaccountic | 2025-09-12 19:07:38+00:00
UTF-8 also enables this mindblowing design for small string optimization - if the string has 24 bytes or less it is stored inline, otherwise it is stored on the heap (with a pointer, a length, and a capacity - also 24 bytes)

https://github.com/ParkMyCar/compact_str

How cool is that

(Discussed here https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41339224)