MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by u-mesh | 2025-09-13 13:56:12+00:00
For a while, our team has been asking, "Why are good design models so expensive and huge?" So, we decided to build our own solution. I'm excited to share WEBGEN-OSS-20B, a new 20B open-weight model focused exclusively on generating production-ready, responsive websites. It’s small enough to run locally for fast iteration and is fine-tuned to produce clean, modern HTML/CSS with Tailwind. It prefers semantic HTML, sane spacing, and modern component blocks (hero sections, pricing tables, FAQs, etc.). Best of all, it's released under the Apache 2.0 license.
by ur-whale | 2025-09-13 13:56:51+00:00
> you are evaluating multiple ones (and that task is much quicker).

Of course the latter. And of course I ask the AI to help me select a libray/module/project/whatever that provides what I need. And I ask the AI to classify them by popularity/robustness. And then I apply whatever little/much I know about the space to refine the choice.

may go as far as looking at examples that use the API. And maybe rummage through the code being the API to see if I like what I see.

The whole thing is altogether still way faster than having to pick what I need by hand with my rather limited data ingestion capabilities.

And then, once I've picked one, connecting to the API's is a no-brainer with an LLM, goes super fast.

Altogether major time saved.
by kafked | 2025-09-13 13:56:55+00:00
Hey! Honestly didn't expect this to hit the HN top, I've already maxed out all my token limits! If you enjoyed wasting time here, there's a Buy Me A Coffee link in the footer. Thanks for the incredible response! This is why I really love building weird useless stuff for the internet.

UPD: You guys are incredibly creative! 15000 products generated and counting. I'm laughing reading all this absurd stuff and crying at my upcoming bills haha
by pron | 2025-09-13 13:57:20+00:00
You can ask the JVM to dump the actual instructions (https://javanexus.com/blog/printing-assembly-code-hotspot-ji...).

Just note that there may be differences between the very old APIs (as in your example), and the newer NIO (https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/24/docs/api/java.base...), and you need to pay attention to text output that undergoes characeter set encoding (as in your example) vs binary output.
by hollerith | 2025-09-13 13:57:37+00:00
Can you explain why TTY-PTY functionality hasn't been moved from the Linux kernel to userspace? Plan 9 did so in the 1990s or earlier (i.e., when Plan 9 was created, they initially put the functionality in userspace and left it there.)

I don't understand that, and I also don't understand why users who enjoy text-only interaction with computers are still relying on very old designs incorporating things like "line discipline", ANSI control sequences and TERMINFO databases. A large chunk of cruft was introduced for performance reasons in the 1970s and even the 1960s, but the performance demands of writing a grid of text to a screen are very easily handled by modern hardware, and I don't understand why the cruft hasn't been replaced with something simpler.

In other words, why do users who enjoy text-only interaction with computers still emulate hardware (namely, dedicated terminals) designed in the 1960s and 1970s that mostly just displays a rectangular grid of monospaced text and consequently would be easy to implement afresh using modern techniques?

There a bunch of complexity in every terminal emulator for example for doing cursor-addressing. Network speeds are fast enough these days (and RAM is cheap enough) that cursor-addressing is unnecessary: every update can just re-send the entire grid of text to be shown to the user.

Also, I think the protocol used in communication between the terminal and the computer is stateful for no reason that remains valid nowadays.
by chatmasta | 2025-09-13 13:59:03+00:00
I think this is cool - I won’t comment on the utility of it.

But you gotta work on the performance. My iPhone 15 Pro is practically burning my hand and I don’t even have the tab open anymore. I’ve lost 5% of battery just reading two pages on the site and iOS dimmed my screen in an attempt to cool down the device.
by pqtyw | 2025-09-13 13:59:04+00:00
Still, though, if nuclear continued growing at the same pace it was until the 80s we'd be in a massively better spot climate change wise.

Sure, these days its too expensive in relative terms but switching back to fossil fuels due to all the Chornobyl/Three Mile panic (but mainly likely because of the cost) might end up being one of the bigger mistakes in human history.
by bob1029 | 2025-09-13 13:59:06+00:00
> I can pretty much see projects in my head, and know exactly what to build.

This is where AI actually helps - you have a very precise vision of what you want, but perhaps you've forgotten about the specific names of certain API methods, etc. Maybe you don't want to implement all the cases by hand. Often validating the output can take just seconds when you know what it is you're looking for.

The other part of making the output do what you want is the ability to write a prompt that captures the most essential constraints of your vision. I've noticed the ability to write and articulate ideas well in natural language terms is the actual bottleneck for most developers. It takes just as much practice communicating your ideas as it does anything else to get good at it.
by asib | 2025-09-13 14:00:05+00:00
> [...] It’s an Elixir-like language that supports static typing.

Maybe just me, but when I tried Gleam it really came off much more like Rust. In fact, other than running on the BEAM (and having some OTP libs in the works), it doesn't really _feel_ like Elixir at all to me, but that is definitely an opinion.
by simonw | 2025-09-13 14:00:25+00:00
That was indeed a great article, but it is a couple of years old now. A lot of of the labeling work described there relates to older forms of machine learning - moderation models, spam labelers, image segmentation etc.

Is it possible in 2025 to train a useful LLM without hiring thousands of labelers? Maybe through application of open datasets (themselves based on human labor) that did not exist two years ago?
by prepend | 2025-09-13 14:00:54+00:00
I didn’t know what other countries recommended for the Covid vaccination so I asked perplexity what the other g10 countries do for their policy.

It seems like all g10 nations have risk-based recommendations and none for everyone in the general population.

I find it hard to get clear reporting on this to differentiate what’s uniquely “against the science” vs just the US changing to match the rest of the world.
by Forgeties79 | 2025-09-13 14:01:05+00:00
It always baffles me how indignant people like Shapiro get when you simply read their words back to them. They act like you sprung a bear trap around their ankle and are viciously mocking them while they bleed out on the ground. It’s this performative outrage that is meant to distract you from what they’re outraged about, which again is simply quoting what they said. They depend on being able to try on opinions like hats and discard them when they no longer fit the specific argument they are engaging in in that moment, and they get mad when they can’t swap hats.
by mdp2021 | 2025-09-13 14:01:19+00:00
I get your fear, d., but I am afraid we urgently need them tools, and to work properly. At some point in time the gap between workforce and objectives forced us to adopt cranes; at this point in time I see that "the carbon" is not "competing" enough. An IQ boost in the toolbox, when we will finally reach it, will be an enabler: for doom in the hands of fools, for the best in the hands of the wise - proportions worrisome but the game is not decided.

Meanwhile, there is no turning back and as the mockery of intelligence was invented, the Real Thing must be urgently found.

Edit: I have just read the title "Amateurish plan exposed failing diplomacy". The giants' list includes McNamara, Kissinger, Brzezinski: if some say that their efforts have not been sufficient - and failures are very costly -, what do we need?
by cryptonector | 2025-09-13 14:01:26+00:00
> But it does have a wart in that there are byte sequences which are invalid UTF-8 and how to interpret them is undefined.

This is not a wart. And how to interpret them is not undefined -- you're just not allowed to interpret them as _characters_.

There is right now a discussion[0] about adding a garbage-in/garbage-out mode to jq/jaq/etc that allows them to read and output JSON with invalid UTF-8 strings representing binary data in a way that round-trips. I'm not for making that the default for jq, and you have to be very careful about this to make sure that all the tools you use to handle such "JSON" round-trip the data. But the clever thing is that the proposed changes indeed do not interpret invalid byte sequences as character data, so they stay within the bounds of Unicode as long as your terminal (if these binary strings end up there) and other tools also do the same.

[0] https://github.com/01mf02/jaq/issues/309
by CuriouslyC | 2025-09-13 14:01:31+00:00
A few youtubers have done deep dives on this, monitoring claude traffic through a proxy. Subagents don't get the system prompt or anything else, they get their subagent prompt and whatever handoff the main agent gives them.

I was on the subagent hype train myself for a while but as my codebases have scaled (I have a couple of codebases up to almost 400k now) subagents have become a lot more error prone and now I cringe when I see them for anything challenging and immediately escape out. They seem to work great with more greenfield projects though.
by KronisLV | 2025-09-13 14:01:50+00:00
> Generally, in a thunderstorm, airships remained over land, where it was easier to keep one’s bearings: There were landmarks and, at night, illuminated areas for guidance. In the event that the worst happened, being over land helped facilitate rescue efforts. It was also common maritime knowledge that winds tended to be less severe on the western side of a storm. Knowing this, Wiley suggested at least twice that the ship move west and further inland for the time being. McCord disagreed. How much he took into account what Moffett wanted is impossible to know, but he surely didn’t wish to arrive in Newport far behind schedule with such an esteemed passenger on board.

So they had egos as big as the oversized airship they built. What a tragedy and waste of human life, I hate it.

I wonder why they didn’t just build smaller airships, why risk an unproven type of craft with some megalomaniacal project?
by whilenot-dev | 2025-09-13 14:01:51+00:00
> If you don't ask the question you'll definitely not get an answer.

Sure, but the way you're formulating the question is already casting an opinion. Besides, no one could even attempt to answer your questions without falling into the trap of true diligence... one question just asks how all (with emphasis!) LLMs are trained:

> Are all of the LLMs trained using human labor that is sometimes exposed to extreme content?

Who in the world would even be in such a position?
by GuB-42 | 2025-09-13 14:02:19+00:00
Most of what you are talking about is physical effort. Exactly the part I dislike. I want sport to distract me from physical effort. I love it when I end up completely drained (proof that I did work out) but didn't feel it coming because I was so absorbed by the activity. Someone mentioned the endorphin hit, maybe you have it and I don't and that's why we see things differently.

But one part that stuck me is this:

> Your body fights you the entire time, preferring to put out as little energy as it can, the exact opposite of what you're trying to do.

But weightlifting should be about minimizing energy! Your goal is to snatch that bar, and I know a lot of it comes from technique, that is, let physics do the as much as possible instead of brute forcing it. And avoid injuring yourself too. In fact, olympic weightlifting seems closer in spirit to gymnastics than what people commonly do at the gym.
by TheFreim | 2025-09-13 14:02:29+00:00
> There was zero substantial evidence for it being a leftist/immigrant/woke/trans person.

I've did not claim it was someone who is trans, an immigrant, or woke, however all evidence currently available points to him being a leftist. Some people early on were lead to believe that the shooter was trans due to reports of "trans-ideology" being found on the casings, but that was a rash, pre-mature extrapolation. The relevant text can be attributed to a wider array of groups/online sub-cultures (notably, the text cannot be clearly attributed to the groypers).

There is, however, evidence that the shooter was on the far-left.

1. Terminology used by the radical-left-wing to slander Kirk found on the casings ("hey fascist! CATCH!"). No Groyper would ever use such a phrase, they don't think of Kirk as a fascist and themselves get accused of being fascists.

2. Reference to an anti-fascist song most often played by far-left figures, particularly those identifying themselves as "anti-fascist".

3. A high school friend described the killer as being left-leaning on issues and that he was the only member of his family who was a leftist. This is hearsay so I take it with a grain of salt, but its still important evidence which fits perfectly with the other points.

Furthermore, all of the "evidence" you put forward cannot be considered by any reasonable person to be evidence that someone is a Groyper.

1. Being online a lot isn't evidence that someone is a Groyper. Massive numbers of apolotical, right-leaning, and left-leaning people are "terminally online".

2. I am aware of no evidence at this point that the killer was an "incel" in the sense that the term is typically used.

3. Being white does not make someone a Groyper. Funnily enough, on the contrary, among the online far-right the groypers are often accused of being non-white due to their relative openness to other racial groups.

4. Being Mormon is not evidence of being a Groyper. On the contrary, Catholics are most represented among the groypers with only a few figures being Mormon.

5. Playing video games is not evidence that someone is a Groyper.

6. I am aware of no evidence at this point that the killer was a "gun nut". Furthermore, even if he was, this would not be evidence that he was a Groyper since guns are not one of the primary issues addressed by groypers and would only tangentially be related.

In summary, none of what you said is evidence of your claims. I am begging you, and others, to engage honestly about this instead of spreading false claims.
by DingDongPing | 2025-09-13 14:03:01+00:00
Yeah i am only planning to apply for English taught bachelors which are of 3 years, I read US unis require 16 years of education for Masters and since I have 1 year in my Indian uni it would most likely count(hopefully), but yeah is the job market for tech in Germany good like would I be able get a well paying job and gather enough money to pay my masters degree in US?
by ttiurani | 2025-09-13 14:03:02+00:00
> I can build anything, but often struggle with getting bogged down with all the basic work. I love AI for speed running through all the boring stuff and getting to the good parts.

I'm in the same boat (granted, 10 years less) but can't really relate with this. By the time any part becomes boring, I start to automate/generalize it, which is very challenging to do well. That leaves me so little boring work that I speed run through it faster by typing it myself than I could prompt it.

The parts in the middle – non-trivial but not big picture – in my experience are the parts where writing the code myself constantly uncovers better ways to improve both the big picture and the automation/generalization. Because of that, there are almost no lines of code that I write that I feel I want to offload. Almost every line of code either improves the future of the software or my skills as a developer.

But perhaps I've been lucky enough to work in the same place for long. If I couldn't bring my code with me and had to constantly start from scratch, I might have a different opinion.
by jasonwatkinspdx | 2025-09-13 14:03:22+00:00
It's right there in the history section of the wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#History

> Work on the ASCII standard began in May 1961, when IBM engineer Bob Bemer submitted a proposal to the American Standards Association's (ASA) (now the American National Standards Institute or ANSI) X3.2 subcommittee.[7] The first edition of the standard was published in 1963,[8] contemporaneously with the introduction of the Teletype Model 33. It later underwent a major revision in 1967,[9][10] and several further revisions until 1986.[11] In contrast to earlier telegraph codes such as Baudot, ASCII was ordered for more convenient collation (especially alphabetical sorting of lists), and added controls for devices other than teleprinters.[11]

Beyond that I think you'd have to dig up the old technical reports.
by ViewTrick1002 | 2025-09-13 14:03:24+00:00
Which again does not capture the cost of a nuclear plant being forced off the market because no one is buying its electricity during the day and they have to amortize the cost over a 40% capacity factor instead of 85% like they target.

And this can be a purely economical factor. Sure a plant may have a 90% capacity factor but if the market clears at $0 50% of the time they still need to recoup all the costs on the remaining 50%, pushing up the costs to what would be a the equivalent to a 42.5% capacity factor when running steady state.

Take Vogtle running at a 40% capacity factor, the electricty now costs 40 cents/kwh or $400 MWh. That is pure insanity. Get Vogtle down to 20%, which is very likely as we already have renewable grids at 75% renewables and it is 80 cents/kWh.

Take a look at Australia for the future of old inflexible "baseload" (which always was an economic construct coming from marginal cost) plants.

Coal plants forced to become peakers or be decommissioned.

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-10-13/australian-coal-plant...

You can say that "no one would do that" but it is the end state of the market.

Electricity is fundamentally priced on the margin and if you start forcing nuclear costs on the ratepayers they will build rooftop solar and storage like crazy, leaving you without any takers for the nuclear based electricity.
by matheusmoreira | 2025-09-13 14:03:41+00:00
> Not clear how GrapheneOS in any way hurts people's freedom

It's not GrapheneOS itself that's doing this. It's technology like hardware attestation. Stock Android is rapidly becoming just as bad as iOS in this regard.

Remote attestation is a technology that enables discrimination against us. By using it, corporations can tell we've "tampered with" our own phones by doing things such as installing GrapheneOS. That's simply not a power I want them to ever have. They should be none the wiser.

The problem is they will abuse that power to deny service to anyone who isn't using a phone owned by corporations. GrapheneOS itself will probably be among the casualties. Bank apps work on it for now but there's no guarantee at all that they'll keep working in the future. Banks can just flip a switch and the apps simply stop working. No valid attestation that a corporation such as Samsung owns your phone? No service. Discrimination.

For corporations, device security means their app is secure from us. They should never be safe from us. That is my ideological point. We should be able to do anything we want, and they should be able to do nothing we don't allow.

I understand that you're doing your best to use this cryptography to protect us. I really respect the work that's being put into GrapheneOS. In fact I'd be using it right now if I could get my hands on a Pixel.

I'm just saying this hardware attestation technology enables discrimination against us.
by api | 2025-09-13 14:03:56+00:00
If you’re buying a home be thorough in the inspection. I’ve known a few people who got screwed.

On newer homes you want to look out for shoddy construction. On older homes pay particular attention to water, mold, roofing, and basement and/or foundation issues.

You might still buy a house with issues but you need to know what you’re getting into and price in repairs.

Unfortunately batshit housing prices coupled with ignorant buyers means that in some markets it might take you a long time to buy if you’re prudent. Push back a little on price and someone else will take it and waive inspection.

This isn’t just happening on the West Coast. I live in Cincinnati and have a family member looking and they got front run a few times by buyers purchasing with no inspection at or above asking … on properties they’d visited and that they knew had issues. It’s nuts.
by fakedang | 2025-09-13 14:05:42+00:00
North Korea has no dearth of access to nuclear weapons. They get enough raw material from countries other than Canada and the tech they need from China, Pakistan and now Russia. So no, sanctions have not harmed their nuclear programme.

But what they've done is worsen the lot for the layman North Korean.

North Korea was already a nuclear threat decades ago. Where they were lagging behind was in ICBMs that could reach the continental United States.
by spookie | 2025-09-13 14:06:31+00:00
This type of design (polyphase) is inherently even harder to align to achieve that level of efficiency, and misalignment throws the efficiency downward even faster than a simple coil. Wish I could link the research but it is behind a paywall. But a simple search on scopus and the like should suffice.

Of course, you could have some driver aid informing them how to better align themselves. But still, you will always waste energy in practice, and at the scale of automobiles out there it becomes unreasonable, no?
by OutOfHere | 2025-09-13 14:06:50+00:00
It's pointed at execs, but squarely also at everyday workers who don't actually care about technology uplifting all of mankind, mostly just themselves. The former group has no ongoing open source work to show at the corporate level, and the latter group has no ongoing open source work to show at the individual level. Both groups actively take take take from open source without giving back anything.
by CuriouslyC | 2025-09-13 14:06:50+00:00
Just ask chat gpt about state of the art in context pruning and other methods to optimize the context being provided to a LLM, it's a good research helper. The right mental model is that it's basically like RAG in reverse, instead of trying to select and rank from a data set, you're trying to select and rank from context given a budget.
by em-bee | 2025-09-13 14:07:12+00:00
that is true. the chinese also value community and harmony over individuality. it is part of their culture to go along with the mainstream. it's one reason why china is able to progress so fast. because people are generally united in the countries goals. there is no opposition just for the sake of opposition. opposition would have to have a very good reason, and even then the preference is to not rattle things up. even at the family level. i have experienced that myself.

but i also believe that a revolt is china's greatest fear. not for the sake of the leadership, but for the sake of the country as a whole. because a serious revolt in china would be massive and have many casualties.

this is why china blocks outside information. the less educated older generations lack the knowledge needed to separate misinformation and fake news from the truth. which incidentally i believe is also in part the motivation for the ban in nepal.

the difference is that china was able to block access to the outside before it got hold in the population. it also was able to build alternatives, and china is large enough for the outside not to matter.

china is exploring opening up. there was talk if reducing blocks in the shanghai area. and i believe it will happen as the education of people rises and outside influences become less of a threat.