MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by ajoseps | 2025-09-20 13:06:08+00:00
I think the assumption of it being a zero-sum game is wrong. Almost half of Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or their children [0]. The source is still the American Immigration Council, but even just looking at a specific example can illustrate that it might not be a zero sum game.

Jensen Huang, the co-founder and now CEO of NVIDIA, was an immigrant. NVIDIA is one of the most valuable companies today and has generated thousand of jobs and has helped create the AI revolution happening right now. You can argue that some other American born citizen would have created NVIDIA or found the same success, but that is difficult to prove.

I fundamentally disagree that this is a zero sum game. Many immigrants add to the American experience and many become citizens themselves. The country loses out in ignoring foreign labor, especially if it’s foreigners who are taught in our schools and want to come and work here.

[0] https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/report/fortune-50...
by StopDisinfo910 | 2025-09-20 13:06:32+00:00
The C in CPS and the cc in call/cc are exactly the same thing.

It’s a continuation. You don’t need to express your program in continuation passing style to use continuation which is why call/cc exists.

The idea of continuation is interesting in and of itself independently of if your compiler uses CPS because continuation as a concept is useful. It appears in effect system for exemple.

Apple book is very good by the way. It gives a very hand on overview of how to implement a compiler in a functional style and neatly introduces some quite complex ideas. To me it’s amongst the books you can’t regret reading also it’s quite short and easy which helps. Timeless classic like Peyton Jones The implementation of functional programming languages and is great introduction to lambda calculus and presentation of how to implement a type checker in Miranda.
Show HN: Guide to understanding your teen's lingo
by rektlessness | 2025-09-20 13:07:58+00:00
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by tialaramex | 2025-09-20 13:09:45+00:00
> What decision-making process led to the idea of injecting human urine into a frog in the first place?

In the 1930s, two South African researchers, Hillel Shapiro and Harry Zwarenstein,[26] students of Lancelot Hogben at the University of Cape Town, discovered that the urine from pregnant women would induce oocyte production in X. laevis within 8–12 hours of injection.

-- from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_clawed_frog#Use_in_res...

The reaction is to Human chorionic gonadotropi - basically it's a marker which tells a human's body "You are pregnant, proceed accordingly". If you've got a womb and are in a reasonable age range this almost certainly means you're pregnant, if not it's a sign something went badly wrong. So, testing whether this marker is present means you know months earlier than you might otherwise.

Presumably the frog "Make eggs now" marker is different, but not different enough to ensure this effect doesn't happen, after all ordinarily frogs wouldn't be exposed to the urine of pregnant humans.

> Will Welsh clawed frogs be the next species that we thought were gone but had just become better hidden?

This isn't a rare species. It just wasn't in Wales and now it once again isn't in Wales. So that's like how Wales also does not have kangaroos. No danger the kangaroo goes extinct, there are lots and they're pretty competitive. But there aren't any in Wales (outside maybe a Zoo?) and so the ecosystem there does not have a kangaroo shaped niche.
by in9 | 2025-09-20 13:10:18+00:00
Idk if you ever shared this view with art people. It must have been hard because there is a sort of obligatory necessity that people MUST like art embedded into their worldview. But also, there is a basic universality of art, and I wonder where it comes from, and what would make some people into it, and others, like you, not into it.
Chaos Proxy – Simulate API failures, latency, and rate limits for testing
by gkoos | 2025-09-20 13:11:32+00:00
I made Chaos Proxy, a tool to inject chaos into API requests for testing and development.

You can simulate latency, random failures, dropped connections, and rate limits using a simple YAML config or code. Great for testing how your app handles slow, flaky, or failing APIs.

Simulate network issues and error responses Test client retry and resilience logic Easy config, extensible, and open source.

GitHub: https://github.com/gkoos/chaos-proxy

npm: https://www.npmjs.com/package/chaos-proxy

Would love feedback!
by 2OEH8eoCRo0 | 2025-09-20 13:13:16+00:00
Can I be pro-immigration and anti-H-1B?

I want people to come here legally, put down roots, and buy into our way of life. I love to see patriotic first gen immigrants. I don't want our country used as a piggy bank just because we happen to have good paying jobs right now.
by A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 | 2025-09-20 13:13:33+00:00
<< we might have unrealistic expectations.

I deleted longer response from yesterday. Long story short, I disagree. If anything, it is unrealistic for anyone to expect that current economic ecosystem is sustainable.

I don't expect a lot, but I do expect my standard to improve over that of my parents', not decrease.
by dotnet00 | 2025-09-20 13:13:53+00:00
>If there literally are no Americans (instead of just, no Americans at the price point you are willing to pay), then $100k is a small price to pay to enable your business.

They also have the option of just not building the factory. Somehow you guys expect to increase manufacturing, while also increasing costs and acting like money grows on trees for businesses, and if you just got rid of the dirty brown and yellow people, you'd be getting paid $500k to work on an assembly line.
by karmakaze | 2025-09-20 13:13:58+00:00
Seems so.

> Using AI agents correctly is a process of reviewing code. [...]

> Why is that? Large language models are good at producing a lot of code, but they don’t yet have the depth of judgement of a competent software engineer. Left unsupervised, they will spend a lot of time committing to bad design decisions.

Obviously you want to make course corrections sooner than later. Same as I would do with less experienced devs, talk through the high level operations, then the design/composition. Reviewing a large volume of unguided code is like waiting for 100k tokens to be written only to correct the premise in the first 100 and start over.
by im3w1l | 2025-09-20 13:14:50+00:00
Here's my theory of how it may have happened. Stage 0: 5 million years ago they were the same species. Stage 1: Subspecies. Ibericus and Structor became distinct populations of the same species still capable of mating. Stage 2: Parasitism. Structur became capable of replacing Ibericus dna with their own in eggs. Stage 3: Loss of function. Because of rampant structor parasitism nearly all workers were structor. So when Ibericus lost the ability to make their own workers it was a neutral mutation.

If I understand it correctly their theory is as follows. Stage 0: 5 million years ago they were the same species. Stage 1: Subspecies. Ibericus and Structor became distinct populations of the same species still capable of mating. Stage 2. Loss of function. Ibericus lost the ability to create their own workers, but as Ibericus and Structor existed in the same places hybrid workers allowed Ibericus to survive despite this. Stage 3: Ibericus learns to clone structor males to live in places where there are no Structors naturally.

Kinda interesting that even though the end result is the same who is considered the parasite is different.
by tikotus | 2025-09-20 13:14:51+00:00
I've implemented my lisp/scheme based on Three Implementation Models for Scheme and also Lisp in Small Pieces. Both make a CPS transformation, which, after finally wrapping my head around it, is great for many things. For example it makes implementing async/await very easy (without implementing call/cc which I find too powerful). I use them a lot since I use the language for scripting games, where asynchronous structures really shine.
by cwzwarich | 2025-09-20 13:15:07+00:00
> Call/ret instructions work really well with branch predictors. Lots of jumps (to continuations) might not work quite as well.

On x86, the use of paired call/return is conflated with usage of the stack to store activation records. On AArch64, indirect branches can be marked with a hint bit indicating that they are a call or return, so branch prediction can work exactly the same with activation records elsewhere.
by __MatrixMan__ | 2025-09-20 13:15:39+00:00
I think there's tooling for doing something like this reverse dependency trick in nixpkgs. I made a change to pre-commit and somebody more in-the-know than I stopped by the PR and pointed out the two python packages that my changes broke.

Zero wouldn't have been surprising to me, nor would several hundred, but two... what a conveniently actionable number.

It has me wanting to give names to some of my hacks and publish them as packages so that people are more more aware when their changes are breaking changes. On the other hand, if I do something weird, I don't necessity want to burden others with maintaining it. Tradeoffs...
by pratyushnair01 | 2025-09-20 13:17:46+00:00
Calm down my friend, this isn't a personal attack!

I'm neither in the US nor do I work for a US company, so granted, I personally don't have much skin in the game, and yes I don't have objective, ground-truth position, like you do, but you fail to notice the comment I was replying to, which was simply pointing out blanket statements, namely this:

> I think the H1B program [...] has zero legitimacy

I take it me being Indian doesn't sit right with you, considering you're Canadian yourself. Now as for my bias, I'm frustrated by the rampant racism piggybacking on the singular fact that the majority H1B visa holders are Indian, which comes back to my point: there is a lot of perfectly understandable frustration surrounding H1B, but does this make the racism alright?

Is H1B exploited? Yes. Are ALL H1B engineers good for nothing, wage slaves? Probably Not.

Now, FWIW, the company I work (not WITCH) for has sales engineers in US who are under H1B, so yes, I can claim that the legitimacy of H1B is in fact, non-zero.

As for the "scapegoat", I've seen discussions go from "DEI" and "woke" taking away jobs to "H1B Indians". I'm sure there will be someone else to blame once all the H1Bs are "evicted".
by barddoo | 2025-09-20 13:20:16+00:00
It’s not feasible to do that in a single threaded system. The main drawback of disk persistence is that you need a log of memory to keep the file buffer open and pointers. If the key you’re looking for is not on disk, you’ll get awful results, the rdb format will give you worst then Postgres performance. You have to use another file format to optimize for a larger cache
by mariusor | 2025-09-20 13:20:39+00:00
I hate to have to say this, because people seem pretty quick at drawing the wrong conclusions about anyone that disagrees with their very strong opinions, I'm not even saying that what DHH said is in actual support of Linehan, but sometimes acknowledging the right of assholes to say things without having the government come down on them, is not the same thing as being of the same opinion with said assholes.

And while I support everyone's right to boycott personalities that they disagree with, I dislike when that turns into a paternalistic crusade against those people through peer pressuring away anyone involved with them. Shaming other people into doing what you feel is the right thing is equally harmful, in my humble opinion, to whatever harm these personalities might effect onto the wider internet.
by matheusmoreira | 2025-09-20 13:22:03+00:00
I wrote my lisp as a modified explicit control evaluator from SICP because I wanted to avoid transforming the code at all.

> Three Implementation Models for Scheme

This was a good read, thank you for the reference.

> call/cc which I find too powerful

Why do you think that? Do you have the same opinion about delimited continuations?
by jvanderbot | 2025-09-20 13:22:09+00:00
What happens is a kind of feeling of developing a meta skill. It's tempting to believe the scope of what you can solve has expanded when you are self-assessed as "good" with AI.

Its the same with any "general" tech. I've seen it since genetic algorithms were all the rage. Everyone reaches for the most general tool, then assumes everything that tool might be used for is now a problem or domain they are an expert in, with zero context into that domain. AI is this times 100x, plus one layer more meta, as you can optimize over approaches with zero context.
by concinds | 2025-09-20 13:22:28+00:00
I don't understand this narrative anymore. The yearly macOS changes are objectively minimal. It's a mature platform. This year, a new design and a few power user features (Spotlight, Shortcuts, tidbits like Call Screening/Hold) and framework overhauls (Metal 4), that's it. Heck, new design excepted, I doubt Snow Leopard added fewer features than Tahoe.

Snow Leopard was mainly framework overhauls, but they're still doing those, year after year, only piecewise. People praise Snow Leopard as a golden release, but early on it was very buggy and, for many, slow (I still remember). It only became great after refinement. Now Tahoe seems stable enough (not counting minor UI glitches) that even Ableton/Pro Tools/SPSS/AdobeCC and other frequent troublemakers work fine on release day, an unusual feat. The "downhill" narrative seems to be nothing but baseless nostalgia.

Everybody also forgets that Apple always did yearly macOS releases except for a short gap around the iPhone and iPad introductions. That's not new either.
by pavlov | 2025-09-20 13:22:45+00:00
Have you ever worked for a large corporation? Do you think there’s an intranet website where you can just go click on the “Send $100k Wire Now” button?

It’s going to take a long time while Microsoft figures out if they will actually pay these fees and which budget it should come out of.

Meanwhile, if you didn’t return by Sunday, you’re locked out of the country and unable to show up for work which will result in your termination fairly soon.
by throw10920 | 2025-09-20 13:23:02+00:00
> Ditto with the "we must spend it, otherwise we'll get less next year". Where do such terrible incentives come from?

That specific one is an unfortunate side-effect of needing to allocate budgets in advance. Large organizations working with a lot of money need to statically schedule their budgets in advance - and because they don't have crystal balls, they can't actually know in advance how much they'll need, and have to make educated guesses. If a department didn't use all of its allocated budget last year, sure that's a very weak signal that it was given too large of a budget - but it is a signal, and there aren't very many other good ones.
by badlibrarian | 2025-09-20 13:24:31+00:00
By putting banner ads at the top asking for donations. This very lawsuit was provoked by tweeting out links to Frank Sinatra records as part of a fund raising campaign. Also, the existence of pirated material fuels the growth of the site.

Few people go there for the cool weird stuff. Find something old and amazing and blogged about: 12 views, 10 from bots. Now search for Nintendo games.
by rayiner | 2025-09-20 13:25:56+00:00
The U.S. had immigration restriction for almost half of the last century: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/immigration-a.... During this period, the U.S. became the undisputed superpower. Silicon Valley was established during this period too.

Of course we continued to accept superstars even during immigration restriction, like German scientists fleeing the Nazis. We probably don’t need more than 10,000 or 20,000 carefully selected immigrants a year to continue doing that.
by nosianu | 2025-09-20 13:26:45+00:00
Do you have any proof or even just actual argument whatsoever that the very specific thread I linked to has any such alleged problems? Did you actually even bother to read the many comments there? Unlike your single-phrase blanket statement they are actually quite thoughtful. You could learn a thing or to on Internet discussions from that thread.

There was no prediction or conclusion made whatsoever, it was a number of for the Internet quite high quality personal observations. If you are unable or unwilling to accept the personal observations of those people, here doctors, then the issue is on your side.

We also know that there indeed is a significant difference in culture, we can see that in elections and elsewhere. That too is a "known bias", which you also ignore.

For example:

https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/the-electoral-coll...

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S07430...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%E2%80%93rural_political_...

So differences in general are real, and you cannot simply dismiss any anecdotes as "bias", especially since there never was a claim for that thread to be anything more than that.

This divide is also not the same all over the globe, the US may be more extreme (example: https://www.uva.nl/shared-content/uva/en/news/news/2024/03/t... -- "Compared to the US, UK and Canada, overall levels of urban-rural electoral divides are still substantially lower in most European countries, due to centrist parties attracting support from both urban and rural areas."). That too has some interesting comments showing this in that thread, with the bad anecdotes coming mostly from US doctors.
by privatelypublic | 2025-09-20 13:27:09+00:00
Doesn't cloudflare and amazon have this now? Pretty sure CF is developing a closed source player- but theres plenty of FOSS ones (rip the one jellyfin uses out of it- at worst).

And, theres plenty of tutorials on using ffmpeg based tools to make the files. And yes, "oh no, I need to learn something new for my video workflow."
by throwaway2037 | 2025-09-20 13:27:37+00:00
> bullshit of the US media cycle

The UK has their own media cycle. With the exception of Financial Times, the quality of newspapers has fallen dramatically in the last 30 years. Even the FT prints low quality "political swamp reporting" articles. I am always surprised how poor is their reporting on national UK politics. As a result, I avoid those articles. Even the BBC News is much worse than 10 years ago.
by BrawnyBadger53 | 2025-09-20 13:27:44+00:00
After reading through this thread, do you not think you might be being overly selective? You said you're only really applying to European jobs but hiring people that need working visas is usually a pretty big detractor. No LinkedIn can work, but in the LLM era you need something to prove you're real and you also stated you haven't been asking previous coworkers for referrals. It's very normal here to ask coworkers for referrals so I assume it's a cultural difference? But they usually get you to the interview stage. Your resume is likely not baring you but if you are applying to large enough companies that have thousands of applications on each role, they are using LLMs to filter them down. You should be running your resume against an "Act as a hiring manager" style prompt to see if you're getting filtered that way.
by skeeter2020 | 2025-09-20 13:27:53+00:00
I don't even know what it is based on the first impression. If you're trying to be the alternative to X, a comparison of "how this works" might be enough to get me to give you an email - though signing in to use it immediately feels like YT, not an alternative. Your "Why Choose FocusStream?" points are all over the place and unlikely to resonate equally with your audience. I'd suggest attacking the competition with the one major differentiator and then showing how that works.Example "See video lengths upfront, track your progress, and make every minute count." is not nearly as compelling as "No ads, no autoplay" IMO. Finally, I find this contradictory: "no algorithmic rabbit holes... Tell us your interests. We find the highest-quality videos from across the web" - I suspect what you're trying to provide is curation focused on helping me learn about specific topics vs. serving up what will keep me engaged and watching longer. If that's accurate something like "algorithmic recommendations that REDUCE how much time you spend on our site" would be a unique value prop.
by ants_everywhere | 2025-09-20 13:28:01+00:00
I'm not at all surprised that LLMs are good at interactive theorem proving.

But I am surprised that Claude Code is good at it. Maybe I'm just not using it right but when I have a task in a less popular programming language, Gemini 2.5 pro tends to be much better than Claude Opus despite Opus doing better on benchmarks. Better in the sense that Gemini will typically bang out a correct solution with best practices immediately and Opus might take half a day of correcting basic errors and misunderstandings.

If anyone knows what I'm talking about and knows a way to improve this please let me know. Claude still feels to me like an over-eager engineer that is more eager to get thing done fast than to do them correctly. It may be that with a task like theorem proving you can just burn credits and time because there's a clear answer.
by philistine | 2025-09-20 13:29:18+00:00
That's the ultimate expression of capitalism isn't it? The richest are obviously the most competent to solve government (see Elon Musk) and whoever is in power must become richer by exercising their power. For money is the reason for everything, and the ultimate mark of prosperity. I mean, if the President is 3 billions richer since he retook office, that means everyone is more prosperous right?

Right?
by trollbridge | 2025-09-20 13:29:34+00:00
Employers have said these workers are critical and they can’t find any workers already in America to do these roles.

FAANG are by far the largest users of H1-B. They also have billions of dollars and access to excellent lawyers. They can pay up for this; an excellent employee is certainly worth more than $100k per year to them. Think of this more as a tax levied on some of America’s wealthiest businesses.
by HarHarVeryFunny | 2025-09-20 13:30:25+00:00
Yes, but it still seems that large scale structure tends to be preserved and it's more localized things like limbs/eyes/ears/teeth that may adapt. A chicken may have no teeth, but it's still basically a therapod.

I'm guessing there may be at least a couple of reasons for this:

1) Large scale structures evolved over long periods of time, involving layer upon layer of genetic change. This isn't going to be undone quickly or by any localized change, and those rare cases where a genetic change/defect does impact some fundamental aspect of the body plan (e.g. a frog with six legs) are very unlikely to be successful.

2) It seems possible that evolution acts to preserve large scale structure that has proved itself over time, and changes to which tend to be detrimental. In the same way that sexual reproduction seems like an evolution hack to evolve faster, then perhaps animals have also evolved genetic hacks to preserve/stabilize large scale structures that are critical to survival.