MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by monocasa | 2025-09-02 00:35:20+00:00
It depends on the kernel architecture. 4G/4G kernels weren't the most common thing, but also weren't exactly rare in the grand scheme of things. PowerPC macOS (and x86 in macOS before they officially released Intel based mac hardware) were 4G/4G for example. The way that works under x86 is that you just reserve a couple kernel pages mapped into both address spaces to do the page table swap on interrupts and syscalls. A little expensive, but less than you'd think, and having the kernel and user space not fight for virtual address space provided its own efficiencies to partially make up the difference. We've been moving back to that anyway with Kernel Page Table isolation for spectre mitigations.

And 3-1 wasn't really experimental. It was essentially always that way under Linux, and had been supported under Windows since the late 90s.
by AR-sh1n0b1 | 2025-09-02 00:35:59+00:00
Location: Missouri - US | Central timezone

Remote: Yes, since 2011. Open to hybrid if within reasonable driving distances.

Willing to relocate: Not really. Convince me.

Technologies: Linux, Languages (PHP, Python, Go, JavaScript, Typescript, Perl), Frameworks (Laravel, Gin, Express.js, Flask, AI), Docker, MySQL, PostgreSQL, REST APIs, DB2, Vue, React, Redis, AWS, Observability (DataDog), CI/CD (Jenkins, Github actions)

Resume: https://docs.google.com/document/d/13lv6PxAWNPwiwmEzfJow9SS3...

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcelq/

Email: devops.staq at gmail [point] com

Sr. Full Stack Software Engineer with about 20 years experience, (mostly) remote since 2011, building (web-based) applications that improves our world. Looking for a role where I can continue to add value by solving business problems using the above technologies and hopefully learn some new skills as well.

Open to freelance linux-based contract work, B2B as well as 1099.

I have a can-do attitude and have the ability to be hands on, mentor, work collaboratively and autonomously.

I prefer to do things as opposed to talking about doing things and am able and willing to gather requirements, create stories and define projects.

I'm punctual (I value everyone's time), reliable (I stick to what we agree upon), dependable (I'll be there when you expect me to), adaptable (I'm not stuck in one tech area) and accountable (no issues with ownership of things I work on) and all the other good -ables.

Thanks.
by foldingmoney | 2025-09-02 00:36:49+00:00
>I'm not saying that pleasure-seeking for its own sake is inherently bad or wrong, but how would you compare and contrast the behavior of a drug addict and a high-risk climber, if you were explaining it to an alien anthropologist?

the argument is probably that today's extreme sports risk takers were last epoch's explorers who helped humanity conquer the planet.
by tonyhart7 | 2025-09-02 00:36:57+00:00
I would love to works with hardware, if you can foot my bill then I be happy to do that since open source software is one thing but open source hardware need considerable investment that you cant ignore from the start.

also this is what happen to prusa, everyone just take the design and outsource the manufacture to somewhere in china which is fine but if everybody doing that, there is no fund to develop next iteration of product (someone has to foot the bill)

and there is not enough sadly, we live in reality after all
by Febe1212 | 2025-09-02 00:36:58+00:00
Hi HN! I built Best Party Games after getting tired of downloading different apps or setting up complicated games for parties.

It's a simple collection of classic party games (Kings Cup, Mafia, Never Have I Ever, etc.) that work instantly in any browser - no downloads, no accounts needed.

Tech stack is pretty straightforward - just HTML/CSS/JS to keep it fast and accessible on any device.

Would love feedback from the community, especially on game suggestions or technical improvements!

Live: https://www.bestpartygames.net/
by jlokier | 2025-09-02 00:37:38+00:00
There are many options. Executables can be position-independent, or relocated at run-time, or the device can have an MPU or equivalent registers (for example 8086/80286 segment registers), which is related to an MMU but much simpler.

Executables in a no-MMU environment can also share the same code/read-only segments between many processees, the same way shared libraries can, to save memory and, if run-time relocation is used, to reduce that.

The original design of UNIX ran on machines without an MMU, and they had fork(). Andrew Tanenbaum's classic book which comes with Minix for teaching OS design explains how to fork() without an MMU, as Minix runs on machines without one.

For spawning processes, vfork()+execve() and posix_spawn() are much faster than fork()+execve() from a large process in no-MMU environments though, and almost everything runs fine with vfork() instead of fork(), or threads. So no-MMU Linux provides only vfork(), clone() and pthread_create(), not fork().
by afthonos | 2025-09-02 00:37:52+00:00
I find the analogy quite apt. I have known drug addicts who I thought were recovered, but who could not fathom simply going to work and then going home to their families every night. They thought that was an incredibly boring life. Predictably, they relapsed. They could’ve caused significantly less stress to their families and loved ones by having more socially acceptable thrillseeking methods.
by aigobie24 | 2025-09-02 00:39:11+00:00
I also came across this pragmetic and grounded paper on building reliable, multi-step LLM programs. Instead of just chaining prompts, it treats the entire workflow as a single, typed probabilistic program where each step is a small, trainable PEFT module. The goal is to enforce correctness through gradient-based adaptation rather than just prompt optimization.

The paper highlights a few key results that make this seem particularly practical:

* Significant gains over prompt-optimization: On a structured symbolic math generation task (MGSM-SymPy), their method achieved 75.9% accuracy, while a strong DSPy baseline with constrained decoding scored 57.1%. The paper shows that TACS consistently outperforms prompt-optimization baselines, especially on smaller models or highly structured tasks.

* Makes smaller models viable: It shows how a 7B model that initially produced invalid, unparsable outputs 83% of the time was trained to be type-compliant. After just one epoch, the parsing failure rate dropped to 1%. This suggests adaptation can enforce correctness where prompting alone fails.

* A more principled approach: The core idea is to move away from brittle "prompt-hacking". You define a workflow graph with explicit input/output types, and the framework trains the lightweight adapters to respect those types. This allows for principled training on latent variables (like chain-of-thought steps) without needing direct supervision for them.

It seems like a solid step towards making complex LLM compositions more of an engineering discipline. It's less about finding the "magic prompt" and more about training small, specialized modules to be verifiably correct components in a larger system
by tomrod | 2025-09-02 00:39:20+00:00
> it does not act independently of the individual leveraging the tool

This used to be true. As we scale the notion of agents out it can become less true.

> western liberal ideals of truth, liberty, and individual responsibility

It is said that Psychology best replicates on WASP undergrads. Take that as you will, but the common aphorism is evidence against your claim that social science is removed from established western ideals. This sounds more like a critique against the theories and writings of things like the humanities for allowing ideas like philosophy to consider critical race theory or similar (a common boogeyman in the US, which is far removed from western liberal ideals of truth and liberty, though 23% of the voting public do support someone who has an overdevleoped ego, so maybe one could claim individualism is still an ideal).

One should note there is a difference between the social sciences and humanities.

One should also note that the fear of AI, and the goal of alignment, is that humanity is on the cusp of creating tools that have independent will. Whether we're discussing the ideas raised by *Person of Interest* or actual cases of libel produced by Google's AI summaries, there is quite a bit that social sciences, law, and humanities do and will have to say about the beneficial application of AI.

We have ethics in war, governing treaties, etc. precisely because we know how crappy humans can be to each other when they do control the tools under their control. I see little difference in adjudicating the ethics of AI use and application.

This said, I do think stopping all interaction, like what Anthropic is doing here, is short sighted.
by HDThoreaun | 2025-09-02 00:41:01+00:00
1. The israeli government sucks

2. The IDF doesnt need to use human shields because hamas/iran dont have accurate missles. Even if the IDF did operate out of apartment buildings like hamas it wouldnt be evidence that the gov doesnt care about the populace because their enemies cant hit them anyway

Seriously, how many israeli civilians have been killed by military strikes aimed at legitimate targets?
by eightysixfour | 2025-09-02 00:41:19+00:00
> I'm not sure the case for one-big-bundle-of-property-taxes is any better, though. Where does THAT number come from?

It isn't some mysterious, unknowable thing made up out of thin air. You can, in fact, dig into your local budget and find out what these things cost, how much you are paying for them, and the history of decisions that led to them being what they are.
by netvarun | 2025-09-02 00:44:15+00:00
Shameless plug: We're building this. Our goal is to provide AI pentesting agents that run continuously, because the reality is that companies (eg: those doing SOC 2) typically get a point-in-time pentest once a year while furiously shipping code via Cursor/Claude Code and changing infrastructure daily.

I like how Terence Tao framed this [0]: blue teams (builders aka 'vibe-coders') and red teams (attackers) are dual to each other. AI is often better suited for the red team role, critiquing, probing, and surfacing weaknesses, rather than just generating code (In this case, I feel hallucinations are more of a feature than a bug).

We have an early version and are looking for companies to try it out. If you'd like to chat, I'm at varun@keygraph.io.

[0] https://mathstodon.xyz/@tao/114915606467203078
by dabluecaboose | 2025-09-02 00:44:57+00:00
> People acccept that regular old dumb guns may jam, run out of ammo, and require regular maintenance. Why are smart ones the only ones expected to be perfect?

This is stated as if smart guns are being held to a different, unachievable standard. In fact, they have all the same limitations you've already pointed out (on top of whatever software is in the way), and are held to the exact same standard as "dumb" guns: when I, the owner, pull the trigger, I expect it to fire.

Users like products that behave as they expect.
by vaadu | 2025-09-02 00:45:02+00:00
Property taxes have no place in a free society. That kind of tax is also known as rent payments. If you stop paying the tax the REAL owner of the property evicts you from the property.

The solution is to replace the property tax with a sales tax.

To ensure that the sales tax doesn't hit the poor too hard the state can determine how much someone at the poverty line pays on average in sales taxes every month ie $200. The state then sends a check for $200 to every state resident every month.
by awesome_dude | 2025-09-02 00:45:59+00:00
Your judgement on what or isn't good politics is of no interest to me>

I have not proposed any solution because I have zero skin in the game, it was merely produced as an example of the sun setting on an empire.

Why all you trolls feel the need to make accusations, put words into other people's mouths, and demand "proposals" is beyond me - seems like either an inability to read and comprehend things, or a deliberate attempt to derail conversations - which one are you?
by fatbird | 2025-09-02 00:47:36+00:00
In general I agree with you, but a counterexample to our rejection of their supposed heroism (and ascription of it to brain-chemistry-seeking identical to heroin addiction) is Alex Honnold [0], famous for his free solo of El Capitan in Yosemite. There's an excellent documentary on him, Free Solo [1], where it's very clear that he's neuro-diverse and that extreme climbing efforts put him into the zone, calming and focussing him. There's zero machismo to it. For him, it's an act of supreme, extended concentration.

I suppose in some sense it's still just manipulating one's own brain chemistry, but it seems a very distinct kind from adrenaline junkies.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Honnold [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Solo
by gus_massa | 2025-09-02 00:48:33+00:00
Relevant post about the other project https://asciimoon.com/ "ASCIIMoon: The moon's phase live in ASCII art" (asciimoon.com) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44432571 (270 points | 61 days ago | 82 comments)

Yep, I remember it was a nice project and everyone was complaining about the shape of the dark part. In your version it's accurate.
by nicoburns | 2025-09-02 00:48:57+00:00
> The proliferation of "give everything away for free" MIT/BSD/Apache licenses seems to me to have been an intentional campaign by corporate interests to undermine free software ideals

Is it not because corporations started funding open source projects in a big way (multiple billions of dollars a year big), and they fund projects that have licenses that they can use in their commercial projects.

To me that's a sign of the success of Open Source rather than the opposite.
by bitwize | 2025-09-02 00:49:42+00:00
According to Tim Bryce, the three tenets of management are discipline, organization, and accountability.

Google is finally forced to impose one of these on its malware-beleaguered app ecosystem -- accountability -- and suddenly people think it's the evil empire.

"General purpose computing" is nice to have if you're tinkering around, but from an infosec standpoint it boils down to "arbitrary code execution", and when it comes to the devices ordinary people use in the everyday world, people don't want it. It's too much of a risk. My wife carries an iPhone, and is incredibly thankful that Apple is protecting her data and privacy, in part by refusing certain kinds of apps to run on their platform. People have their bank accounts, credit cards, government IDs, taxes, health information, etc. tied into these devices, all of which can easily be stolen or fraudulently used if we allow random software to run willy-nilly. It's time for accountability in the mobile app space. Part of being a professional is staking your professional reputation on everything you put out there, and if you're not willing to do that, don't develop for the platform. If you want to tinker around, buy a Raspberry Pi 500.
by wldcordeiro | 2025-09-02 00:51:40+00:00
Location: Salt Lake City, UT

Remote: Yes

Willing to relocate: No

Technologies: JavaScript/TypeScript, Python, Ruby, Java, React, Node.js, PostgreSQL, CI/CD (Gitlab especially), MongoDB, Django, Ruby on Rails, Spring

Résumé/CV: https://www.linkedin.com/in/wellington-cordeiro/

Email: wellington@wellingtoncordeiro.com
by mrandish | 2025-09-02 00:51:56+00:00
I agree with you that Satya typically has a flat, measured style that comes across dry and he also stage manages himself rigorously. But it's also worth mentioning that being the CEO of a massive, high-profile public company puts him under different expectations and constraints than a long retired CEO. Nadella is still spokesperson #1 for the company, products and stock.

That said, I'm not sure we'd see a dramatically more forthright and unfiltered Satya when he's ten years out of MSFT. I think much of Satya's style is simply the way he is all the time.
by tw04 | 2025-09-02 00:53:00+00:00
> Maybe the current admin (which is big on deregulation) will make it easier to build power plants, especially nuclear ones.

They aren’t big on deregulation at all. They’re big on selective regulation. They’re also big on killing any power project that isn’t oil or coal.

https://apnews.com/article/trump-offshore-wind-renewable-ene...

We are in for a painful lesson on why China’s investment in renewables wasn’t just good for their ecology.
by frumplestlatz | 2025-09-02 00:53:16+00:00
A simple question: would you rather live in a world in which responsibility for AI action is dispersed to the point that individuals are not responsible for what their AI tools do, or would you rather live in a world of strict liability in which individuals are responsible for what AI under their control does?

Alignment efforts, and the belief that AI should itself prevent harm, shifts us much closer to that dispersed responsibility model, and I think that history has shown that when responsibility is dispersed, no one is responsible.
by wonger_ | 2025-09-02 00:53:55+00:00
Location: Florida, USA (UTC-4)

Remote: Yes

Willing to relocate: No

Technologies: HTML/CSS/JS, Astro, React, Web Components, Material UI and other design systems, WCAG tooling, PDFs, Rust, Wasm, Python, Bash, Git

Résumé/CV: upon request

Portfolio: https://portfolio.wonger.dev

Email: justin@wonger.dev

I'm looking to transition from solo developer to front-end team member. I have a few years of experience building websites and web applications, especially focused on UI/UX. My current side project is a micro-SaaS for home inspectors to fill PDF reports in the browser. Fun fact: I can deploy a website with my eyes closed! (really, check my portfolio)
by kbolino | 2025-09-02 00:54:23+00:00
Thanks! I was able to find some additional info on no-MMU Linux [1], [2], [3]. It seems position-independent executables are the norm on regular (MMU) Linux now anyway (and probably have been for a long time). I took a look under the covers of uClibc and it seems like malloc just delegates most of its work to mmap, at least for the malloc-simple implementation [4]. That implies to me that different processes' heaps can be interleaved (without overlapping), but the kernel manages the allocations.

[1]: https://maskray.me/blog/2024-02-20-mmu-less-systems-and-fdpi...

[2]: https://popovicu.com/posts/789-kb-linux-without-mmu-riscv/

[3]: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/nommu-mmap.txt

[4]: https://github.com/kraj/uClibc/blob/ca1c74d67dd115d059a87515...
by iJohnDoe | 2025-09-02 00:55:19+00:00
This really confused the heck out of me. I thought Bear blog was really cool. I saw the GitHub link and had hopes to self-host. Then saw the note that it’s not possible to self-host and closed the tab and never looked back.

So this whole post on HN is confusing as heck.

Why post the code at all if you can’t self-host? But apparently you can self-host?!?

Well, I guess kudos to those that saw the note and downloaded the code anyways and tried to spin it up.
by beeflet | 2025-09-02 00:55:33+00:00
Okay, but does it need to be deeply integrated into the OS or can it just interact with programs through their normal interfaces?

The most effective way to get an LLM to control a computer right now is to just give it a unix terminal because it's already a text-based environment where programs are expected to be highly interoperable.

What I'm saying is that you don't need to stop everything to redesign around AI, just allow for a decent level of interoperability that iOS (and largely android) doesn't currently have.

The mobile app development model is oriented around packaging somewhat useful software (that could usually be a web app) with malware and selling it for $0.99, necessitating a ton of sandboxing and preventing this type of interoperability in the first place. I would say focus on the semantic HTML aspect of the web and design some way for LLMs to interact with websites in an open-ended way.
by jart | 2025-09-02 00:56:08+00:00
You'd have to have the slowest site on Earth to not be able to serve legitimate crawlers. Have you ever truly been DDOS'd? I have. I actually had to start self-hosting my website because back when I used Cloudflare, the people who'd DDOS my site would just take down Cloudflare's servers. They're not even a very good protection racket. They're just in it for the money and power.
by CamperBob2 | 2025-09-02 00:56:20+00:00
I do tend to agree that Honnold is an exception to the "why don't they just do drugs" argument. He's teaching us that we can do things we didn't think we could do, and I have to believe there's real value there. He's genuinely inspirational.

Climbing some random mountain in Russia, though... that's not "Holy fuck, what's this guy made of?!" but "Yeah, a bunch of other people already did that, and it was cool, I guess, except for the ones that died."
by seanmcdirmid | 2025-09-02 00:56:22+00:00
In Washington state they have a formula that factors in land value and improvements, moving the bar toward land value on the last few tax years. But ya, it’s hard to maintain schools if the needle doesn’t actually include capacity for students to service (the biggest expense paid for with property taxes here, note Washington pays for schools with statewide property taxes unlike most other states).
by starchild3001 | 2025-09-02 00:56:33+00:00
My hunch: we’ll see three things happen in parallel

- AI backend providers vertically integrating into energy production (like xAI’s gas plants, or Meta’s local generation experiments),

- renewed interest in genuinely efficient computing paradigms (e.g. reversible/approximate computing, analog accelerators),

- a political battle over whether AI workloads deserve priority access to power vs. EVs, homes, or manufacturing, alongside an increase in energy prices.

You need cheap, reliable power + political/regulatory willingness + cooling. That’s a very short list of geographies. And even then, power buildout timelines (whether nuclear, gas, or grid-scale solar+batteries) move at "utility speed", which is decades, not quarters. That doesn’t match the cadence of GPU product launches.
by ylyn | 2025-09-02 00:57:17+00:00
This seems to store the zfs send stream. That's a bad idea.

> Incremental ZFS send streams do not have any of these properties and full ZFS send streams only have a few of them. Neither full nor incremental streams have any resilience against damage to the stream; a stream is either entirely intact or it's useless. Neither has selective restores or readily available indexes. Incremental streams are completely useless without everything they're based on. All of these issues will sooner or later cause you pain if you use ZFS streams as a backup format.

https://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/solaris/ZFSSendNotA...
by inkyoto | 2025-09-02 00:57:25+00:00
> The original design of UNIX ran on machines without an MMU, and they had fork().

The original UNIX also did not have the virtual memory as we know it today – page cache, dynamic I/O buffering, memory mapped files (mmap(2)), shared memory etc.

They all require a functioning MMU, without which the functionality would be severely restricted (but not entirely impossible).