MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by oisdk | 2025-09-23 09:56:04+00:00
> that's my understanding of why these things are called 'algebraic' effects.

This is a misconception. Algebraic effects are not algebraic because they come from algebraic data types, the two features are completely independent (you can have algebraic effects without algebraic data types and vice versa).

> It's not that ConsoleOutput and ConsoleInput (however you define that using + or *) are magically 'composable' just because they're both algebraic... for that composition you need extra rules (however you specify that) because effects don't (in general) compose.

Actually, if you have two algebraic effects they can automatically compose. And this is a consequence of them both being algebraic. It's just that an algebraic effect is unrelated to an algebraic data type.
by b112 | 2025-09-23 09:56:54+00:00
I wonder if US citizens are too far ensconced in team politics to get the real words said.

Breaking apart the above, 'MAGA' as a start. Not republican. Not right wing. MAGA. There is a difference, MAGA being a wide range of people mostly on the right. And when someone references MAGA as a specific group, they're not saying "the right" necessarily, but "people who identify as MAGA".

Both the democrats and republicans in the US have a myriad of groupings of individuals who are forced under one banner or the other.

For example there are christians which believe that their local democrats won't represent them, so they're forced to join the republican camp.

And beyond this, a democrat running in California will espouse entirely different beliefs than one running in Ohio. Or Texas.

So if there is some undesirable characteristic specific to MAGA but not necessarily the right or all republicans, this could apply here. And therefore, "One of them" doesn't necessarily mean 'left' or 'right', because somethings are about individual actions of specific people, not about pointing at an entire team.

Outside of eliminating campaign funding, having more than two political parties in the US would be key, I think, to fixing some of this.
by smcl | 2025-09-23 09:56:56+00:00
From our perspective common people aren't responsible. But from the perspective of the person who wrote the "your decision to arm Russia" on their website it is.

So what is interesting is that this person is fully able to assign blame to individual Iranians for their government's actions but, one would imagine, is able to separate themselves from the actions of the US government.

I wrote "one would imagine" because there was no reply so we cannot say for sure. But my experience with Americans who do this "all Iranians/North Koreans/Syrians/Iraqis etc are bad!" thing is that they carve out little exceptions for themselves and the USA so that their reasons to hate others never seem to apply to themselves.
by al_borland | 2025-09-23 09:57:11+00:00
The Norway problem drives me a bit nuts.

In a lot of the Ansible documentation, yes/no are used instead of true/false. When seeing this in the official docs, I used it, figuring this was the preferred convention in Ansible. These days it now throws warnings or lint errors, so I’m updating it all over the places as I find it. Yet the Ansible documentation still commonly uses it.
by tirant | 2025-09-23 09:57:12+00:00
I fully agree. It gives also a sense of impact in the world that might span over centuries or even longer.

Sometimes I joke about the simple concept that we are all the descendants of a chain of ascendants that manage to successfully reproduce and have children without interruption, through all the evolutionary stages, from homo sapiens to hominids, monkeys, mammals until reaching the first life organisms. And I am not going to be the one stopping that long evolutionary chain ;)
by Draiken | 2025-09-23 09:58:30+00:00
And we rarely see meaningful change anywhere because electing politicians is barely connected to the actual outcomes people want.

Now we have a pacified populace that allows corruption to run freely and keeps repeating "violence is never the answer" while forgetting meaningful change almost always requires it.

Never forget we wouldn't even have weekends if people hadn't died for it.

I wish we never needed violence but it seems to be wishful thinking rather than reality. Will people oppose the next Hitler by ranting on Twitter and peaceful protests? Something tells me that won't work.
by lukan | 2025-09-23 09:58:39+00:00
"I am suggesting democracy is not a panacea that automatically guarantees prosperity. Far from it."

No, but I would say it is a precondition for broad prosperity. When the wealth and power lies concentrated with small minority, they tend to use their power to keep it that way. If power is distributed, so will be the wealth usually. And yes, I do see some problems with western democracies as well.
by debugnik | 2025-09-23 09:59:11+00:00
> so a number of pattern can all be called "discriminated unions"

Assuming they've got discriminators and some sense of type union, sure.

> I just showed a data model with a discriminator (.Type)

Which won't let you recover the additional fields from a pointer because you can't downcast, so that's insufficient for a union. AFAIK you need to combine this with interfaces, which I already know how to do.

> These are largely irrelevant in a discussion about type embedding.

Don't tell me, you brought it up.
by larksimian | 2025-09-23 09:59:41+00:00
I was thinking along parallel lines. If you have fuck-you money then sure: you just leave when asked to do something imoral. But if you are materially dependent on the job then you have battling imperatives that will stress you.

The first thought that popped into my head here was, "well I have no kids, so yeah if forced to choose between job and morality I'd just bounce and figure it out later". But if I DID have dependents it's harder.

I will say if the choice is between being imoral and _personally_ poor ... I'd like to think I'd rather just be poor.

edit. Then again this is also on us as people to anticipate and prepare for these dilemmas and not let ourselves be trapped in toxic situations. I suck at this and don't do any real forward planning like having a lot of savings or having a backup plan to getting out of a bad job. But that's on me.

Hope it works out alright for you!
by cyberclimb | 2025-09-23 09:59:45+00:00
Hi I'm curious about the encryption system. I found this document https://docs.orbivon.com/getting-started/security#security but wanted to ask where the encryption keys are physically stored and where the decryption happens (server-side vs client side)?

I assume the encryption keys are stored encrypted in your database, but what's the (high level) mechanism for decrypting them? Like is the users' password used at login to temporarily load the encryption key in memory?

Thanks for any insights

Also I like the idea of the encryption but I think the use of LLMs greatly reduces the privacy gained but that's a tradeoff
by johncolanduoni | 2025-09-23 09:59:59+00:00
Some of the nations that are sanctioned by the US etc. literally do not let most their citizens leave. Citizens of all of them will have difficulty getting visas due to the poor relations that resulted in sanctions in the first place. On top of that, even if there are no political barriers not everyone will have the means to do so.

I’m also curious at what point you assign culpability for remaining in a country. Obviously, a baby born in the country can’t be culpable or the concept becomes meaningless. At what age or level of maturity can we start to condemn someone for not noticing that their government is evil and then leaving their family to escape?
by brador | 2025-09-23 10:01:24+00:00
Anyone who read that: How do you justify the life spend once you see the scroll bar turning that small?

Like rolling a dice on wasting 30 minutes, but maybe maybe it’ll be interesting or mildly amusing, best case.

There’s just no way that use of time could be worth the squeeze when your takehome is $500/hr. 8% of your waking day spent reading an article. Come on?
by rmunn | 2025-09-23 10:01:34+00:00
Some varieties of in-code documentation do support links, e.g. XmlDoc which is the de facto standard for documenting C# code (and therefore the most relevant to my comments about MSDN because I was referring specifially to the .NET API documentation) has multiple ways of embedding links in your in-code documentation comments: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-ref...

MSDN even uses those, a lot. But not enough. I wish that every time they had a "Foo(string parameter) - uses the default FooOptions" it was a link to the documentation section where the default FooOptions are listed. But usually you're left to find the default FooOptions yourself, which means 5-10 minutes of digging through docs (1-2 minutes if you're lucky) that I could have spent writing or reviewing code instead. That adds up.
by mekoka | 2025-09-23 10:02:07+00:00
Many programmers think that the way DS&A work is that one beautiful spring morning, some requirements fall onto your lap where the words "nodes" and "edges" are neatly circled, thus marking a key moment in your life where you can finally put to use that old dusty algorithm book. Meanwhile, trees and graphs have been flying up to your face, slapping you left and right, every single day of your career and you kept repeating to yourself "see, you don't need all that DS&A stuff".

I think the article is unnecessarily trying to contrast two orthogonal and separately useful software development concerns. DS&A are about having the most efficient tools for the specific job. Testing is about ensuring that results match expectations. But I'd be surprised by anyone who only learns DS&A in theory and also naturally develops the related, but subtler skill of recognizing classes of problems that match up to particular algorithms. It's an almost tacit skill, which many programmers don't have despite knowing some of the classic DS&A, because it requires to linger a bit longer in the material. And that's the real gap leetcode type challenges try to bridge. The more you do them, the more you reinforce an intuitive understanding of involved structures and techniques, including some of the subtler properties and oft undocumented corner cases. What looks like "memorization" to some is actually more of an almost indelible grokking, which you carry with you in professional programming.

Admittedly, people who only do leetcode type challenges and never write software in the real world don't know which parts of these challenges are useless (in my opinion, the puzzles and lateral thinking parts). But people who never do these challenges also know squat about how useful they can be at honing one's "real life" problem solving and coding skills.
by whizzter | 2025-09-23 10:02:08+00:00
Keeping them out might have been due to some oldtimer in the organization that couldn't let go of the "never reveal secrets" gospel, whilst newer members at the top recognize that with todays social medias the cat's truly out of the bag and alienating the biggest household names is just counter-productive.

I think they've also seen that American Wrestling seems to be doing fine even if the entire fakeness is out in the open.
by wnscooke | 2025-09-23 10:02:22+00:00
I'm not sure you've understood the idea. While your values include not breaking certain rules of ethics, your value ALSO clearly extends to being offended by others when they do it. So your value isn't purely "don't break ethical rules", but, "observe ethical rules and react when they are broken, by me and by others". I think what the author (not OP) means is that once you are virtuously selfconstituted, your decision about these and what YOU do about it is not easily swayed or pushed around. In this sense, it shouldn't matter that _others_ are breaking rules... obviously it isn't an ethical rule for them... but that you are clear that you wouldn't do the same. Thus, if your activities at work relate to pursuing goals aimed at by these broken rules, then it is _work_, and you do your work.

Another way of interpreting what you've shared is that what you are stressed about is actually _not quite the value you think you have_, otherwise you would have walked away, self-assuredly, emotionally certain in the rightness of removing yourself. But you haven't. So it isn't a set value. Obviously another value like, "I have to eat" preempts this ethical value being broken at work. I'm not saying this is wrong or not, just trying to help you navigate your stressful environment.
by cess11 | 2025-09-23 10:02:37+00:00
No, they're there to kill people. It's war by non-military means, and the US is waging such a war on a very large portion of the world.

There is a recent study concluding that sanctions kill half a million people per annum: <https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-1...>

I don't know what you mean by dictatorship but I'm not exactly adverse to applying the same term to the US, it being a one-party state with the audacity of having two parties, and either way, it's by far the most hostile and violent of contemporary state powers.
by jillesvangurp | 2025-09-23 10:03:11+00:00
Depends. Some parts of Berlin can be a bit dodgy. I take the U8 regularly Generally it's safe but stations on that line like Kottbuser Tor have a reputation for theft, pick pocketing, robbery, etc. Lots of people desperate enough in that area that you don't want to tempt them too much by being an obvious target.

I use a weather proof backback (Ortlieb). I got it two years ago and it's great. I walk a lot around town with it and the hip belt is great for offloading most of the weight from my shoulders. I can easily walk for a few hours with this thing. I have the 16" macbook pro, which is not exactly light.
by matsemann | 2025-09-23 10:03:17+00:00
Not a dig at you, but it's a bit funny/worrisome to see how "we" are not in charge of what our governments do and "Nobody should be expected to take that risk" here, while comments from for instance sfn42 and mvdtnz says the Iranian people are supporting their government because they live and work in the country and should either take the risk by revolting or be classified as supporters of the government.

Such hypocrisy.
by pjc50 | 2025-09-23 10:03:41+00:00
I would add that oblique approaches work better.

You can sort of assume that everyone on here has (a) played this game before and (b) already seen the day's talking points on the rest of social media. Re-litigating that here is just a waste of time. Your (2) is absolutely critical here; the bystanders will upvote posts that have links to good sources that tell them things they didn't already know. Which is good! That's what the site is for!

Also remember: you can't convert the person you're arguing with. But it's the (invisible) audience who are handing out the scores.
by whyoh | 2025-09-23 10:03:48+00:00
>So that the laptop can keep phoning home and download updates etc whilst closed.

On Windows, network connectivity in S0 standby is optional: https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/146593-enable-disable-ne...

>Which means it's impossible to turn off the CPU during suspend. it's always on.

Hibernation is still an option, if you don't mind a slower resume.
by gabortill | 2025-09-23 10:03:51+00:00
Tech debt creeps in when we ship fast without looking ahead. However, this often results in slower development cycles, endless bug fixes, and frustrated teammates.

Here is how to start today:

- Tag every debt item in the backlog with a label and log its impact. - Reserve 10‑20% of each sprint for debt tickets—treat them like any feature story. - Add quality gates in CI (lint, complexity, coverage) so bad code can’t slip through.

Want the full playbook—real‑world examples, step‑by‑step checklists, and metrics to prove the impact?

Check out the article on https://techleadmastery.substack.com/p/tech-debt-management
by michalpleban | 2025-09-23 10:03:53+00:00
Living in Europe, I don't give a damn about US sanctions. However, I block traffic from Iran on all my servers for the simple reason that almost all attacks on my website (and if you run a semi-popular website, you get attacked on a daily basis) come from Iran, Russia or China.

I am very sorry that this kind of action affects you personally, as I am sure you have nothing to do with these attacks. However, filtering out Iranian, Russian and Chinese traffic in its entirety is the only way to protect my server from the majority of DoS and hacking attempts.
by e-khadem | 2025-09-23 10:03:55+00:00
You might say that, but the proxies weren't so keen on saving their citizens' lives either. Bashar Assad killed 600'000 of his own citizens. Hamas uses hospitals and UN schools as their command centers. Hezbollah has underground tunnels under civilian infrastructure where their leaders hide. The Iranian government assists with and finances the bombing on Jewish people all over the world. I wouldn't start pointing fingers so soon.
by progbits | 2025-09-23 10:04:25+00:00
I use it for personal notes, nothing complex just bullet point lists.

Every few months I have to split up pages and move stuff to archive because it becomes unusably slow. When I open the mobile app to write a quick note it's just frozen for several seconds, recent edits are not synced and so on.

Yes I should switch to something else but haven't found solution I like yet.
by ryzvonusef | 2025-09-23 10:04:48+00:00
Reminds me of an acronym that defines this sort of behaviour: COIK.

What is COIK? well everyone knows what COIK is, no need to bother explaining.

COIK is 'Clear Only If Known.' Did you really have to ask me about such a simple thing? Now run along.

____

There is so much assumed knowledge that writing guides becomes a matter of how simple you have to go, before you start insulting the reader's intelligence. (A computer is a magic box that goes DING!)

If you writing a guide, do you explain what a terminal is and where to find it? Or do you presume they know what it is and start sharing command lines? Is setting a minimum knowledge bar acceptable or are you showing your bias?

____

Obligatory XKCD:

https://xkcd.com/2501/
by potato3732842 | 2025-09-23 10:04:53+00:00
>But you still have to have the plans engineered for the exact piece of land you plan to put it on.

>The same will be true for every windmill and solar farm.

No, you don't. That's purely a figment of how successful the civil engineering lobby was at regulatory-capturing their way into the process.

The people who build buildings and windmills know what kind of foundations they need. If you have even a ballpark estimate of your site conditions they will happily tell you approximately what you'll need to do.

An extra inch of concrete here or there or a foot less of pile spacing or an extra few passed with the dozer costs basically nothing. The only reason you see people designing things to the bare minimum is that when you're being forced to pay a engineer to punch in numbers either way it makes sense to take advantage of that and make them tell you what the bare minimum is so you can at least save a bit on actual construction costs.

You think you hate crony capitalism or the micromanaging nanny state or whatever you want to call it now. Just wait until you engage in any kind of project that doesn't benefit from all the exemptions that residential does.
by imiric | 2025-09-23 10:05:06+00:00
I have a similar setup as the author with 2x 3090s.

The issue is not that it's slow. 20-30 tk/s is perfectly acceptable to me.

The issue is that the quality of the models that I'm able to self-host pales in comparison to that of SOTA hosted models. They hallucinate more, don't follow prompts as well, and simply generate overall worse quality content. These are issues that plague all "AI" models, but they are particularly evident on open weights ones. Maybe this is less noticeable on behemoth 100B+ parameter models, but to run those I would need to invest much more into this hobby than I'm willing to do.

I still run inference locally for simple one-off tasks. But for anything more sophisticated, hosted models are unfortunately required.
by rsynnott | 2025-09-23 10:05:09+00:00
As a _launch customer_, it doesn't _really_ matter to ESA what the underlying cost is, only what they are _charged_. For the time being, Ariane 6 isn't drastically more expensive than the list price for the competition, and is, as above, _cheaper than the cost that other space agencies are actually paying for Falcon 9_.

If ESA was actually a commercial launch company, this would be different, but they're not. (Arianespace _is_, kind of, and _it_ should be far more concerned about this).

For practical purposes the number of Ariane 6 launches is gated by demand. Over the long term you'd probably expect it to be 5 to 10 per year, same as Ariane 5 used to be.
by radu_floricica | 2025-09-23 10:06:29+00:00
> OpenAI is not currently profitable, and it is unclear if its business model will ever becomes profitable -- let alone profitable enough to justify this investment.

Well, yes. Which again is how venture capitalism has worked for ... is it decades or centuries? There is always an element of risk. With pretty solidly established ways to handle: expected value, risk mitigation etc.

I haven't lived through the dot com bubble (too young) but i've read about it. The absolutely insane ways they were throwing money at startups were... just insane. The potential of the technology is the same now and then: AI vs Internet. It wasn't the tech that failed the last time, it was the way the money was allocated.

The math is actually quite mathing this time around. Most AI companies have solid revenues and business models. They aren't turning a profit because (like any tech startup) they chose to invest all their revenue plus investments into growth, which in this case is research and training new models. They aren't pivoting every 6 months, aren't burning through cash reserves just to pay salaries, and they've already gone through train/deploy cycles several times each, successfully.

Are they overvalued? shrug that's between them and their investors, and we'll find that out eventually. But this is not a bubble that can burst as easily as last time, because we're all actually using and paying for their products.
by Mordisquitos | 2025-09-23 10:06:43+00:00
> I think developers overestimate how much everyday users care about local-first, or working offline.

And that's because (many) everyday users are not even aware that being online is not essential to perform the functionality they need from their applications. It's not that users don't care that they cannot work offline. It's that they don't even understand that requiring an internet connection is not a technical necessity, but rather an artificial limitation imposed by business interests or incompetence.
by eviks | 2025-09-23 10:07:41+00:00
> then you need to never use any other computer because they will not have your setup

Again, if you really had such a defeatist attitude to changing things you'd simply never vim, or the MC file manager for that matter because they're not available everywhere, and you need to avoid other computers etc. In reality all of this is false, of course, humans are flexible enough

> but messing with my muscle memory is just not worth it.

You don't have any muscle memory for F6. But also it's trivial for such common things as cursor keys alternatives, you ijkl is already an inverted T that your muscles are used to, just without the extra hand move

> That depends on the standard. In some countries you need two hands to type an @, just to take one example

Wrong again, you'd need two fingers, but your hands stay near their resting place.

> Because I'm mainly making a counterpoint to your claim that using hjkl was better than using the arrow keys.

You're the one who brought these keys up! My point was "Don't repeat the ancient hjkl mistake?", but then you couldn't argue with.