MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
Show HN: ARR-Medic-CYP3A4 – Open-Source Drug Interaction Toolkit
by Flamehaven01 | 2025-09-17 13:08:25+00:00
Arr-Medic-CYP3A4 is an open-source Python toolkit for modeling CYP3A4-mediated drug interactions.

Key features

- ~70% accuracy baseline for research & learning - Transparent, extensible codebase (RDKit, ML, GNN roadmap) - Safe "sandbox" for experimenting with drug metabolism prediction - Reproducible and community-driven Open source → research/teaching now, bridge to clinical-grade systems later.

Repo: https://github.com/Flamehaven/Arr-Medic-CYP3A4

Try the live demo here: https://huggingface.co/spaces/Flamehaven/arr-medic-cyp3a4-de... Read how it all began: "My First Attempt at a Medical AI with ELI5" on Medium: https://medium.com/p/ccc0edbd2bce

Feedback welcome: How do you think such tools could be responsibly used or improved?
by inanutshellus | 2025-09-17 13:08:57+00:00
Interesting that he went from 30% failure to it taking a while to find a single failure after replacing everything.

Random is random, and random is clumpy, so maybe swapping parts is irrelevant, but... I wanted more detail how often the corruption happened throughout his replacement journey.

edit: also wth i just realized I went to "tenderlovemaking.com" at work. gross. lol.
by FooBarWidget | 2025-09-17 13:09:21+00:00
They've gone all-in with using less advanced equipment (DUV instead of EUV) but advanced techniques (multi patterning). Also combined with advanced packaging techniques.

Also, they're working hard on replacing ASML DUV machines as well since the US is also sanctioning the higher end of DUV machines. Not to mention multiple parallel R&D tracks for EUV.

You also need to distinguish between design and manufacturing. A lot of Chinese chip news is about design. Lots of Chinese chip designers are not yet sanctioned, and fabricate through TSMC.

Chip design talent pool is important to have, although I find that news a bit boring. The real excitement comes from chip equipment manufacturers, and designers that have been banned from manufacturing with TSMC and need to collaborate with domestic manufacturers.
by spacephysics | 2025-09-17 13:09:42+00:00
Defaulting to China stealing IP is a perfectly reasonable first step.

China is known for their countless theft of Europe and especially American IP, selling it for a quarter of the price, and destroying the original company nearly overnight.

Its so bad even NASA has begun to restrict hiring Chinese nationals (which is more national defense, however illegally killing American companies can be seen as a national defense threat as well)

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9wd5qpekkvo.amp

https://www.csis.org/analysis/how-chinese-communist-party-us...
by alephnerd | 2025-09-17 13:10:35+00:00
From what I'm hearing in my network, the name of the game is custom chips hyperoptimized for your own workloads.

A major reason Deepseek was so successful margins wise was because the team heavily understood Nvidia, CUDA, and Linux internals.

If you have an understanding of the intricacies of your custom ASIC's architecture, it's easier for you to solve perf issues, parallelize, and debug problems.

And then you can make up the cost by selling inference as a service.

> Amazon and I think Microsoft are also working on their own NVIDIA replacement chips

Not just them. I know of at least 4-5 other similar initiatives (some public like OpenAI's, another which is being contracted by a large nation, and a couple others which haven't been announced yet so I can't divulge).

Contract ASIC and GPU design is booming, and Broadcom, Marvell, HPE, Nvidia, and others are cashing in on it.
by coffeecantcode | 2025-09-17 13:10:51+00:00
I was too young when it came out to actually get one, but I remember that red glowing eye, I actually ripped an ad out of a magazine for the original droid and hung it in my room because it looked so badass.

I remember being disappointed to see Android go the cute cuddly green robot route instead of the sick red droid look but overall it was definitely more palatable for the masses.
by tedggh | 2025-09-17 13:10:51+00:00
Most developers don’t work for software companies. So when you are not shipping software as a product you and your department are usually a liability. This is important to understand because it helps you frame your approach to upper management as a developer or c-suite as a director of engineering when it comes to talk about budgets. In my experience, most non tech corporations will be ok with allocating budget for open source projects, they already do it in other types of non profit domains. But you need to make a case that goes beyond the ethical reasons or personal motivations.
by account42 | 2025-09-17 13:10:56+00:00
Clang tidy does both: it can run clang's analyzer [0] (also available with clang++ --analyze or the scan-build wrapper script which provides nicer HTML-based output for complex problems found), has it's own lightweight code analysis checks but also has checks that are more about formatting and ensuring idiomatic code than it is about typical static analysis.

MVSC [1] and GCC [2] also have built-in static analyzers available via cl /analyze or g++ -fanalyzer these days.

There is also cppcheck [3], include-what-you-use [4] and a whole bunch more.

If you can, run all of them on your code.

[0] https://clang-analyzer.llvm.org/

[1] https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/reference/analyz...

[2] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Static-Analyzer-Options.h...

[3] https://cppcheck.sourceforge.io/

[4] https://github.com/include-what-you-use/include-what-you-use
by LeifCarrotson | 2025-09-17 13:11:03+00:00
As did my 2015 Thinkpad - same problem, both an integrated and an external GPU, and I was constantly fighting with the drivers to get it to just make use of the external GPU. I'm plugged into a wall whenever the laptop isn't suspended/shut down for transport, stupid machine, stop making Autodesk and my games crash because you want to boost your battery lifetime numbers!

They had a special Lenovo driver that would occasionally become overriden by Windows updates but could be reinstalled manually, I dual-booted Debian though and getting the system to work properly under that was a nightmare. There were a couple years when I simply gave up, I got it to work with the iGPU and I wasn't running anything more graphics intensive than a browser so I simply left the discrete GPU idle while running Linux.

Incredibly frustrating.

I think all these manufacturers are desperate to get their published specs for battery life estimates to double-digit hours that can't be reached while running the discrete GPU at full speed all day. Heck, they can't be reached while running the CPU at full speed all day, you're not going to run a 35W processor and a 55W graphics card and a 20W display (10W when you arbitrarily reduce the max brightness when on battery power) all day.

You've got like 90 watt-hours available in the battery, at 100% usage on everything the real capacity is gone in under an hour...which is unacceptable. So Asus and Apple and Lenovo and everyone else have to come up with some hack to turn it off whenever it's on so that the spec sheet says you can get 8, 10, 12 hours of runtime.
by crazygringo | 2025-09-17 13:11:14+00:00
No it's per adult not per household. The average household has 2.2 cars, so the figure per household is much higher. And it doesn't matter what proportion is loan vs insurance vs maintenance vs fuel, because Waymo replaces literally all of it.

And yes I assume Waymo will have high profit margins for an extended period of time because they have such a massive head start, and for a long time will be competing primarily against rideshare with human drivers, so won't be pushed below that. Their marginal costs will be much cheaper than that, not having to pay drivers. Hence 20% is not unreasonable.

Then, even in the long term, the economies of scale they develop and network effects will continue to give them a significant advantage. Not 20% margins, but way more than 1%. Especially as they start to vertically integrate the hardware at some point.
by zensh | 2025-09-17 13:11:27+00:00
Yes, I want to run benchmarks, but I haven’t found a suitable benchmark library yet, and I’m still not great with Python. Anda AI App has integrated KIP, but based on its performance, it hasn’t met expectations yet. Current LLMs like GPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro still can’t effectively power KIP.
by sieep | 2025-09-17 13:11:48+00:00
This is an interesting take. I think they are heading down this path, especially with the 'Easy Apply' button which is essentially what you're talking about.

If I have to guess, the current business model is likely profitable & any deviations too far from that could hurt their bottom line. Incrementing slowly overtime to LinkedIn replacing the CV seems to be the play, mainly to keep the current cashflow going.
by NickC25 | 2025-09-17 13:11:57+00:00
I live in SoFLA in the Miami metro area.

People can't stop building here. I don't get it. It's going to be under water in under 50 years. Yet for some reason there's a 100+ story building going up across from Bayfront Park and Ken Griffin is spending a billion on a massive tower in Brickell.
by pessimizer | 2025-09-17 13:12:19+00:00
> Pattern matching questions on a contrived test is not the same thing as understanding or reasoning.

Pattern matching is definitely the same thing as understanding and reasoning.

The problem is that LLMs can't recognize patterns that are longer than a few paragraphs, because the tokens would have to be far too long. LLMs are a thing we are lucky to have because we have very fast computers and very smart mathematicians making very hard calculations very efficient and parallelizable. But they sit on top of a bed of an enormous amount of human written knowledge, and can only stretch so far from that bed before completely falling apart.

Humans don't use tokenizers.

The goal right now is to build a scaffolding of these dummies in order to get really complicated work done, but that work is only ever going to accidentally be correct because of an accumulation of errors. This may be enough for a lot if we try it 1000x and run manually-tuned algos over the output to find the good ones. But this is essentially manual work, done in the traditional way.

edit: sorry, you're never going to convince me these things are geniuses when I chat to them for a couple of back and forth exchanges and they're already obviously losing track of everything, even what they just said. The good thing is that what they are is enough to do a lot, if you're a person who can be satisfied that they're not going to be your god anytime soon.
by jonp888 | 2025-09-17 13:12:29+00:00
Every country in the world has a "Commission". It's no different to the UK Civil Service or the various US Federal Governments. If it didn't exist then the EU would be unable to implement any of it's policies.

Can you explain how MEP's directly proposing laws would affect this? I really don't get it. In parliamentary systems it's normal that virtually all legislation originates in the executive. In the British parliament at least, that a law is privately proposed and then becomes law is rare and normally restricted to very simple legislation on specific issues.
by croes | 2025-09-17 13:13:06+00:00
I don't hate him, I just don't respect him and I find it sad that people fell for his words that spread hate and violence.

Would you call

>a Mao-like cultural movement intent on rule, and corrupting America, “the trans Mafia”.

friendly worsds?

And all the context can't sugarcoat this

>A woman shall not wear a man’s garment, nor shall a man put on a woman’s cloak, for whoever does these things is an abomination to the Lord your God. You hear that, William Thomas? You’re an abomination to God.

So not only does he call all woman wearing a man’s garment an abomination, he also misses the point. From Lia Catherine Thomas' point of view she isn't a man wearing women's cloth but a women wearing women's cloth.

What brings us to the main point the right always doesn't get: What is a woman? If body and mind have the same gender it's easy but what if body and mind have a different gender? Seems to me the concept that the mind doesn't need to align with the body seems impossible to them.

> What first went from, “Well, we have to tolerate, okay.” Then, “You must accept, okay.” Then, “You must celebrate” I don’t know if I’m comfortable with that. And then, “You must participate.” And if you can’t participate, your kids must participate.

That part is also quite interesting. Reminds of the latest iutcry about Snoop Dogs comments about a same-sex couple in Lightyear. Somehow people have the urge to explain same-sex intercourse whenever a same-sex couple is shown. I don't know where that come from. Do they think they need to explain hetero intercourse when a hetero couple is shown? Maybe they should thinl more of the love you mentioned in the beginning and which is a large part of New Testament, the foundation of Christanity, which I can't see in Kirk's speeches.

But I can see that he called trans women in sport an idelogy of pure evil

https://x.com/charliekirk11/status/1819017846850306299

And that is only based on rumors and Imane Khelif's looks. And somehow he and others ignore that she has lost 9 fights what should be impossible according to Kirk's and other's claims.

We also know what the result is of preparing such a culture war battleground

https://people.com/department-of-justice-quietly-deletes-stu...

At least we could before they removed it.

We also see that hate speech all of a sudden is a thing while free speech isn't anymore.

Kirk was the more eloquent addition to Trump, different words, same idiology.
by hwc | 2025-09-17 13:13:11+00:00
Also, you need a place to build the dike. Look at a map of Miami, for example, and tell me where you want to build a dike. In front of Miami Beach? And how far does it go? All the way up the coast? There's 120 miles of continuous city on the Atlantic Coast. Also, the land is all very porous sand on top of porous coral. Even if you build a dike out of clay and concrete, water will still seep in from below. This is already happening at high tide.
by jajko | 2025-09-17 13:13:43+00:00
Java is around for much longer, has exactly same architecture re transitive dependencies, yet doesn't suffer from weekly attacks like these that affect half of the world. Not technically impossible, yet not happening (at least not at this scale).

If you want an actual solution, look for differences. If you somehow end up figuring out its about type of people using those, then there is no easy technical solution.
by impossiblefork | 2025-09-17 13:13:51+00:00
I think it wasn't.

The EU + US is reasonably close to what China appears to be planning as its long-run population, so if the US and the EU had a real partnership and co-operated effectively they could probably have kept up with China.

Now of course, that isn't what's happened and I think even under Biden there were strong efforts to limit competition from the EU and to disadvantage its industry, so it was always going to go this way, but with a real effort I think something different could have been achieved.
by sylware | 2025-09-17 13:14:14+00:00
Real ML is data center based, then, until you have enough electricty production and performant cooling, you could have 28nm ML chips, it should not matter in the end. But while doing that, China should not forget to keep doing its R&D for 2N/18A tooling (include EUV).

Namely, you should be able to dodge the usage of "nearly whole wafer" ML chips manufactured with a 18A/2N process. At a price of a more ML time with more energy consumption.
by garblegarble | 2025-09-17 13:14:16+00:00
Absolutely agreed on the lack of documentation, it seems completely insane (I assume this is because they want to reinforce that only Apple should be writing policies - but still no excuse for it)

>Hard to recommend it with that axe hanging over it though.

Given the alternative being no way to limit untrusted tooling at all today, it seems worthwhile using it despite these problems?

There's also a (very slim) chance that if it became central to the security of developers on macOS that Apple would give slightly more consideration to it
by _el1s7 | 2025-09-17 13:14:16+00:00
Rather than the user doing that "delay" installation, it would be a good idea if the package repository (i.e. NPM) actually enforced something like that.

For example, whenever a new version of a package is released, it's published to the repository but not allowed to be installed for at least 48 hours, and this gives time to any third-party observers to detect a malware early.
by delichon | 2025-09-17 13:14:53+00:00
I run sous vide cookers 24*7, and they uniformly break within 90 days or less. But they don't like to admit their smaller duty cycle, so they don't, and keep sending me warranty replacements instead. I keep buying different brands looking for one with a longer life. I'll bet most people do that when their gadgets die, and purposely making products that die as soon as sold isn't often a successful business model.
by saghm | 2025-09-17 13:16:18+00:00
"It's not really that big a deal once you know how it works" is the case with pretty much everything though. The question is whether the amount of time needed to learn how something works is worthwhile though, and the sheer number of things you need to invest the time to learn in a language like C++ compared to more modern languages is a big deal. Looking at a single one of them in isolation like the build system essentially just zooms in one problem far enough to remove the other ones from the picture.
by Birkoff | 2025-09-17 13:16:25+00:00
In preparation for one of my sessions, we did a tech checkup, and I asked the technician if the code was readable from the back. He confirmed and admitted that he is color blind, so he cannot see colors correctly. Other than that, everything was fine.

This got me thinking about what we can do as presenters to improve the experience for our audience. While I admit I don’t have a solution yet. There are some checks you can do in advance.

Take a look at how you can check your current theme directly in VS Code.
by ajross | 2025-09-17 13:16:54+00:00
Yeah. ACPI's AML bytecode is sort of a mixed blessing. It allows for reverse engineering and end user analasys/fixing of bugs like this.

It's also just a terrible disaster of a programming environment, with a very large (terrifyingly so, given the limited capability) interpreter that needs to live at the highest privilege level of the kernel.

And it's generally used like a hatchet by system integrators for tricks like this, with pretty much exactly the code quality you'd expect. Almost always the path to writing a Linux driver for some oddball laptop subsystem starts with "throw away the ACPI stuff".
by nikanj | 2025-09-17 13:17:11+00:00
It doesn’t matter that the consumer/gamer laptop is a piece of shit, because all of the competitors are too. Consumer hardware is a volume business, and the actual end-user experience matters very little compared to endorsement deals and marketing strategies.

Every one of the affected ASUS laptops probably got a glowing 5/5 review from the usual suspects, and consumers have little hope of getting a fair deal
by dmd | 2025-09-17 13:17:16+00:00
Maybe you can help bump FB13400242, a bug that is _literally_ going to kill people. (The bug is that to make an emergency call, even from lock screen, you're supposed to be able to squeeze buttons on either side of the phone. But it only works with the volume buttons on the left - the Action button didn't get supported, when that button was added. So now the rule for teaching a small child isn't just "squeeze both sides" it's "oh but not that one!")

(Yes, this came close to killing someone close to me. Fortunately someone else happened to come along to help.)
by sschueller | 2025-09-17 13:17:23+00:00
That is exactly the issue.

Why would you invest billions to build a factory when the president at anytime just decides that you can no longer build it or it's of "national security" and forces you to sell it at a loss?

At that point I would build the factory in China or India were the market is much bigger and at the moment the risk appears lower.
by nathanrf | 2025-09-17 13:17:25+00:00
Here's a high level overview for a programmer audience (I'm listed as an author but my contributions were fairly minor):

[See specifics of the pipeline in Table 3 of the linked paper]

* There are 181 million ish essentially different Turing Machines with 5 states, first these were enumerated exhaustively

* Then, each machine was run for about 100 million steps. Of the 181 million, about 25% of them halt within this memany step, including the Champion, which ran for 47,176,870 steps before halting.

* This leaves 140 million machines which run for a long time.

So the question is: do those TMs run FOREVER, or have we just not run them long enough?

The goal of the BB challenge project was to answer this question. There is no universal algorithm that works on all TMs, so instead a series of (semi-)deciders were built. Each decider takes a TM, and (based on some proven heuristic) classifies it as either "definitely runs forever" or "maybe halts".

Four deciders ended up being used:

* Loops: run the TM for a while, and if it re-enters a previously-seen configuration, it definitely has to loop forever. Around 90% of machines do this or halt, so covers most.

6.01 million TMs remain.

* NGram CPS: abstractly simulates each TM, tracking a set of binary "n-grams" that are allowed to appear on each side. Computes an over-approximation of reachable states. If none of those abstract states enter the halting transition, then the original machine cannot halt either.

Covers 6.005 million TMs. Around 7000 TMs remain.

* RepWL: Attempts to derive counting rules that describe TM configurations. The NGram model can't "count", so this catches many machines whose patterns depend on parity. Covers 6557 TMs.

There are only a few hundred TMs left.

* FAR: Attempt to describe each TM's state as a regex/FSM.

* WFAR: like FAR but adds weighted edges, which allows some non-regular languages (like matching parentheses) to be described

* Sporadics: around 13 machines had complicated behavior that none of the previous deciders worked for. So hand-written proofs (later translated into Rocq) were written for these machines.

All of the deciders were eventually written in Rocq, which means that they are coupled with a formally-verified proof that they actually work as intended ("if this function returns True, then the corresponding mathematical TM must actually halt").

Hence, all 5-states TMs have been formally classified as halting or non-halting. The longest running halter is therefore the champion- it was already suspected to be the champion, but this proves that there wasn't any longer-running 5-state TM.
by Xcelerate | 2025-09-17 13:17:43+00:00
There are a few concepts at play here. First you have to consider what can be proven given a particular theory of mathematics (presumably a consistent, recursively axiomatizable one). For any such theory, there is some finite N for which that theory cannot prove the exact value of BB(N). So with "infinite time", one could (in principle) enumerate all proofs and confirm successive Busy Beaver values only up to the point where the theory runs out of power. This is the Busy Beaver version of Gödel/Chaitin incompleteness. For BB(5), Peano Arithmetic suffices and RCA₀ likely does as well. Where do more powerful theories come from? That's a bit of a mystery, although there's certainly plenty of research on that (see Feferman's and Friedman's work).

Second, you have to consider what's feasible in finite time. You can enumerate machines and also enumerate proofs, but any concrete strategy has limits. In the case of BB(5), the authors did not use naive brute force. They exhaustively enumerated the 5-state machines (after symmetry reductions), applied a collection of certified deciders to prove halting/non-halting behavior for almost all of them, and then provided manual proofs (also formalized) for some holdout machines.