MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by koolba | 2025-09-10 17:32:43+00:00
Extending the 2017 tax policies, specifically continuing the capping of SALT deductions, leads to higher taxes for high income earners. That deduction was worth $100K to a $1M/year income in a 10% State income tax state earner. Even more when you add in property taxes.

If they had not been extended the taxes for those high earners would have dropped for 2025 and beyond.

The bottom 50% pay no taxes and the top 1% still pay 40+% of federal taxes.
by dcminter | 2025-09-10 17:32:53+00:00
I do recall a "late" at the London Science Museum where you could collect wristbands with the names of STDs to win prizes. Ok, still not very educational, but it was quite amusing to hear people trading gonorrhea for genital lice etc.

On a more serious note they do or did offer free lectures that were much more in-depth; one of the things I rather miss now that I live abroad.
by setsewerd | 2025-09-10 17:33:12+00:00
I won't get into the larger point your comment is making about power structures + definitions as I don't know enough about those histories to get into your assertions, but wanted to point out that the parent comment didn't seem to suggest these discrepancies were "biologically inert" as you were refuting (I'm also assuming you meant "inherent"). They were commenting on the a racial difference in educational outcomes. From my understanding that's largely a systemic issue, and regardless of shifting definitions/categorization, not a conversation about biology anymore.
by harmon | 2025-09-10 17:33:21+00:00
> It's wild to me that this could happen just from solving the puzzle that allows the user's account to use the user's privileges (only) on the service... ?

Yes, it is an unfortunate design decision in the Microsoft implementation of the Kerberos protocol.

To interact with Active Directory and perform privileged actions, a service needs an Active Directory account that it can leverage for authenticated actions. This is colloquially referred to as a "service account", but it is not a special account type, it is just a regular Active Directory user or computer account designated for exclusive use by a service. Sometimes administrators will save time by registering a service under their own Domain Admin user account instead of creating a designated account for a service. This effectively makes their user account the service account. In other cases, extensive privileges may be required by a service (e.g. for network access control services, asset discovery services, vulnerability scanners, etc) and administrators find it easier to just create a Domain Admin (high privilege) account for that service than to do fine grained permissioning. This creates a dangerous situation where if an attacker can kerberoast the account associated with the service, they can immediately take possession of a high privilege account that can be used anywhere within the Active Directory environment.

> Since it's cryptographic signing, wouldn't this require reversing the hash?

Yes, you would need to brute-force it.

> Does any valid inverse of the hash work, or only the actual password that happened to get hashed?

Theoretically yes, any valid inverse of the hash would work, but to my knowledge there aren't any hash collisions for the NT hash algorithm. Practically speaking, this means that only the user's password would yield the correct hash.
by shadowgovt | 2025-09-10 17:33:27+00:00
My preferred solution would be to declare unlivable areas national parks and buy out the homeowners via eminent domain (at a quantity that lets them maintain a significant percentage of their home equity, since the home is no longer sellable).

Regardless of climate change: punishing people for where they live is, historically, a great way to kick off a revolt or a civil war. People need to move out of storm zones, but the move needs to be executed mercifully or those who are forced to move will have little incentive to consider themselves members of society (to everyone's detriment).

My real point commenting initially though was that this situation is an excellent example of the failures of raw capitalism. Raw capitalism is a system perfectly willing to allow, admit, and increase inequality of outcome based on deviation from initial conditions. In contrast, societies only work long-term if there are some guardrails on inequality of outcome (otherwise, what is the point of cooperation?).

If ten or a hundred thousand people are at risk of losing half their net worth, that's the kind of thing a functioning society should probably step in on to lower the burden.
by vkou | 2025-09-10 17:33:59+00:00
> I suspect a lot of crimes aren’t tracked or classified properly

People don't under-report or misclassify homicides.

> when you walk through the cities and realize something is off with this narrative.

I happen to live in one of those war-torn anarchist cities that was claimed by Fox and friends to be an open charnel pit back in 2020, and I assure you, there is something off with a narrative.

Specifically, the narrative that my city is a lawless hellscape.

That narrative (along with the sudden and immediate need for the military to be illegally deployed in it) is back, by the way.
by bwfan123 | 2025-09-10 17:34:04+00:00
Descartes' brief rules for the direction of the mind [1] is pertinent here, as it articulates beautifully what it means to do "thinking" and how that relates to "memory".

Concepts have to be "internalized" into intuition for much of our thinking, and if they are externalized, we become a meme-copy machine as opposed to a thinking machine.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_for_the_Direction_of_the...
by dlcarrier | 2025-09-10 17:34:06+00:00
The closest thing I could find to a definition on that site was narrative description on this page: https://world.openfoodfacts.org/nova, but the more I read, the less sense it makes.

For example, regular-processed foods includes "freshly made breads". Does that mean that some time period after coming out of the oven, it becomes ultra-processed? I like to make homemade whole-wheat bread, and I freeze anything I'm not going to eat in a few days, then toast it and eat it later. There used to be a Hostess bakery near me that would get bread to grocery stores on the same day. Would my frozen and thawed homemade whole-wheat bread be ultra-processed, but Wonder Bread eaten the same day I bought it be just regular-processed? That's assuming I don't add vital wheat gluten to my bread, which presumably makers it automatically ultra-processed.

It also says "ultra-processed products also include other sources of energy and nutrients not normally used in culinary preparations". Does that mean fortifying foods with vitamins and minerals makes them ultra processed? Is white rice unprocessed unless it's fortified, then its ultra-processed? Does iodizing salt make it ultra-processed?

Speaking of salt, when I grow cucumbers and eggplants in my garden, they sometimes come out bitter. Adding salt always enhances flavor, and in this case it also covers up the bitterness, or as the ultra-processed foods description puts it, the salt is added to "enhance the sensory qualities of foods or to disguise unpalatable aspects of the final product", so my raw cucumber salads and freshly roasted vegetables are ultra-processed because I add salt? Doubly so, if the salt is fortified with iodine?

On the other hand it says that ultra-processed foods are "formulations made mostly or entirely from substances derived from foods and additives". Does that mean that if food isn't at least half extracts or refined or synthesized ingredients that it isn't ultra-processed? This would basically exclude everything except vegan meat alternatives like seitan and some verities of candies, like hard candy or gummies.

Reconstituting meat products makes them ultra-processed, but drying foods is minimal processing, so the freeze-dried chicken I take on hiking trips is minimally processed, if I eat it dry, but if I prepare it as instructed, by simply adding hot water, that reconstitutes it, making it ultra-processed?

The page concludes by stating that the "overall purpose of ultra-processing is to create branded, convenient (durable, ready to consume), attractive (hyper-palatable) and highly profitable (low-cost ingredients) food products". Apple growers in my area often grow Cripps Pink apples, but some pay for trademark rights to sell them under the Pink Lady brand, which allows them to sell at a higher margin. The Cripps Pink apples are bread to be much more durable and attractive than older cultivars (e.g. Red Delicious), and can even be branded as Pink Lady, adding to the profit margin. Does that mean that unprocessed Pink Lady apples fulfill all of the purposes of ultra-processing foods?
by cogman10 | 2025-09-10 17:34:42+00:00
Yeah, the xml thing wasn't about how good xml is, just how terrible CSV is :).

Particularly for tabular data, parquet is really good. Even a SQLite database isn't a terrible way send that sort of data.

At least with XML, all the problems of escaping are effectively solved. And since it's (usually) tool generated it's likely valid. That means I can feed it into my favorite xml parser and pound the data out of it (usually). There's still a lot of the encoding issues I mentioned with CSV.
by A4ET8a8uTh0_v2 | 2025-09-10 17:34:59+00:00
I will admit that the author's post strikes a chord.

The last time we visited Chicago's museum of science, this was the only acceptable use of screens for me ( https://www.msichicago.org/explore/whats-here/exhibits/blue-... ). That was genuinely well done and awe-inspiring.

The rest of the stuff that is basically just a lame tablet app is a waste of my ( and my kids )time and, well, money.

That said, and I offer it merely as a defense, if the goal is to interest kids, you want to meet them where they are at. Apps is where they are at. Granted, thanks to parents, but still.
by RankingMember | 2025-09-10 17:35:09+00:00
Some channels do both since people have different tastes/levels of free time. I think it's a good strategy, though I don't know how it plays out on the money side. For example, a YouTube channel about automotive fabrication and tuning ("Gingium" in this case) will release high-detail build videos in series, then when the project is over, add a "Building a [x, e.g. Supercharged Off-road Miata] in 10 Minutes" condensed video with all the key moments.
by Peritract | 2025-09-10 17:35:13+00:00
> But you have to make sure that you're calibrating for your audience: most of the people using that likely won't have her experience or knowledge, and digging deeper and deeper into detail might be lost on most of their audience.

I think this is a really key point; I've definitely felt slightly disappointed at certain exhibits, and had to remind myself that these things are designed for everyone. It would be lovely if every exhibit was pitched at exactly your own level, but as an adult, there are definitely areas where you are more knowledgeable than the general public, and so that's not possible.
by gchamonlive | 2025-09-10 17:35:20+00:00
I've dealt with C in college and nothing more, so for me It's just a bunch of macros on top of assembly. C++ was the language we used in OOP class, I know it's a beast of many faces, but we used it mostly like you'd approach using java. Python is very expressive but I think it's closer to C when compared to elixir because it lacks advanced pattern matching. I think the four main domains are procedural, object oriented, functional and visual (programming in excel for instance). Navigating those realms unlocks different ways of thinking and different mental structures. None is better than the other, they just lend themselves better to different classes of problems, and choosing the one that fits best your experience and the target domain will make it more likely to get in the zone when using these technologies.
by card_zero | 2025-09-10 17:35:28+00:00
I note that production, or developing an idea, is not the same as having the idea. You can't deliberately have an idea by spending money, or have a better idea by spending more money. You can employ people to look at a problem and expect some of them to have reasonably good ideas about it - people who were selected because they already have good ideas in that general area. Then you say "these ideas cost this much money to come up with," as if you made ideas happen by decree. That's not what you did, those ideas were latent. What you did was to get them organized.

The opposite idea is intrinsic motivation, and that artists make art because they love it, and they were going to make the art (or come up with ideas) anyway, even if you didn't pay them. But artists also love having comfortable lifestyles, maybe families, maybe expensive studio equipment, maybe parties. And although you can't force them to care about your project you can certainly bribe them into seeing if they are interested. So you can bring out the ideas that they were supposedly going to have anyway - but might not have been able to have without funding - and you can steer the emphasis of their pre-existing interests around.

Which is to say that creativity and money interact in a weird way, where ideas don't have a cost, but creative focus does.
by RankmyAI | 2025-09-10 17:35:47+00:00
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by colinb | 2025-09-10 17:36:01+00:00
Before reading the article, I was going to talk about my very disappointing visit to the Franklin Institute a few months ago. Then I read the article and discovered that it's about the disappointment of visiting the Franklin Institute. My strongest impression of that museum is that it mostly consists of corporate sponsorship displays and a few neglected lessons in how things actually work.

I did enjoy walking around the enormous steam loco in the basement. That one room, where they seem to have stuffed all the old 'museum' stuff was the highlight of my visit.

The best science museum I've been to in years is in Glasgow. Walking across the I-beam compared to the sheet (or was it a bar?) of steel actually taught my kids something.
by crossroadsguy | 2025-09-10 17:36:12+00:00
> I can empathise with their joy because I, too, have found things which delight me.

Yes, yes! Yes, dear JumpCrisscross I do believe in that. People singing really badly but happily is one of those things, people wearing clothes that looks absolutely horrible in them (as per me) but they are happy and love it and that makes me strangely actually happy. These are just few examples. But someone being Apple is not one of that and I am also respectful about it - I try tone down criticism, I try sarcasm, hell in most cases I try not to directly respond to such people.

> I can articulate, respectfully, why I think their games are dumb.

No, imho, you can't. When you call/consider something "dumb", it is just being called dumb - no matter how syrupy and respectful articulation that has. But that's just me. I won't call a sports dumb, but if you feel like it, you sure can with whatever articulation you prefer. You keep your sense of aesthetics and let me have mine.

What I don't understand is: I did not even respond to you, and I was just criticising the company. I was not being abusive, and I was definitely not being disrespectful to you, but you still jumped into it and just started this argument. Why? Is that just pure ego? And now you can't let go?

You went ahead and confronted me, and I replied back using that "nauseous" phrase because you took umbrage at something which was directed at a damn corporation and not at you in any way—unless criticism of Apple directly hurts you.

Heck, I did not even mention you, and there is a reason for that—because I was not responding to you. I literally directed my disappointment towards the company—literally. Why, then?

Do you still not recognise that you ought to just move on? And if that doesn't do it for you, then downvote, flag (that comment is already flagged), report, and then move on. Why do you have to pick an issue with me about it? Is it even worth it? Or do you want to have the last word? Is that it? Do you have something in mind that you want to hear?
Show HN: Spanara – Yet Another Word Game
by bsmith | 2025-09-10 17:36:13+00:00
This was inspired by a game my wife introduced me to in Finland, where license plates always started with 3 letters. The game was to come up with the "best" word, using those 3 letters, in the same order as they appeared on the plate. Thought it would be a fun app, so here it is. What do you think? Feedback appreciated :)
by shadowgovt | 2025-09-10 17:36:47+00:00
It's less about sympathy and more about practicality. How well does the country fare if an entire state suffers unmitigated disaster?

... and if the country is willing to let its state suffer unmitigated disaster, what good is the country?

(Your wise choices mean you will likely come out on top regardless of how high your mountain is relative to the people who chose poorly. How concerned are you that your peak could be a little smaller because you live in a society with 340 million other people, half of whom are below average intelligence... And those people need help?)
by paulnpace | 2025-09-10 17:36:52+00:00
> you sound pretty entitled and have a set of "rules" that aren't traffic rules.

> i'm glad we will have robot cars to keep folks like you in your place. you aren't entitled to make the rules of the road.

Nobody is required to be polite and considerate while using a shared resource, and if your opinion prevails, we will, indeed, have a cold, heartless society.

It is mildly interesting to me that you interpret being polite and considerate as "rules". I made no such claim.

I do find it rather belittling to claim I feel "entitled" - perhaps you could refrain from this level of discourse or go to one of the places more appreciative of adolescent behavior.
by thewisenerd | 2025-09-10 17:36:56+00:00
specifically for python packages,

while it's lightweight, shipping the kitchen sink (uv) is a no-go

so, it's a venv, with the pinned dependencies installed [0], a random example of how this looks like, here [1]

(specifically for uv; i tried to get `brew update-python-resources` and `homebrew-pypi-poet` working for a "private" package, it didn't really work; so i went ahead and created uvbrew [2] instead to help with the resource generation)

[0]: https://docs.brew.sh/Python-for-Formula-Authors [1]: https://github.com/hynek/homebrew-tap/blob/main/Formula/doc2... [2]: https://github.com/thewisenerd/uvbrew
by tuxracer | 2025-09-10 17:37:06+00:00
It seems like a guard model paired with RAG could help here. A guard model could filter out references to current events or anything outside the Skyrim universe, while RAG could be used to ground the NPCs dialogue in actual in game content. That way if the model tries to spin up a dungeon or location, it first checks against the game's data to confirm it actually exists before surfacing it to the player.
by npteljes | 2025-09-10 17:37:11+00:00
It is, because if you think about it, it's a top-down approach to something intimately integrated into most everyone's lives - into engineers' lives for sure. As it's top-down, it will be applied to everyone (to an extent), and as the source of it is just a bunch of humans, it's beholden to politics and intricacy, and so, controversy as well.
by jghn | 2025-09-10 17:37:29+00:00
> (Boston) .... Why exactly would it be _dangerous_ to wave at someone in a friendly way?

It's not dangerous at all to do this. It's just considered odd & borderline impolite to do that. It's hard to explain to an outsider, but you see it brought up a ton on places like r/boston. The stereotype is that people in the northeast are "kind but not nice". By and large we don't engage in frivolity like greeting random people when walking around.
by 9rx | 2025-09-10 17:38:02+00:00
> get the govt you vote for and these farmers are exhibit A for the saying 'elections have consequences'.

To be fair, that's exactly why the farmers started voting Republican in the first place, despite being traditionally Democrats. In the 90s they got the Democrats they voted for — and it ended badly. Once bitten, twice shy. And now that they have been twice bitten it is going to be a really tough choice in a two party system.

While you do make a great point that party brand means absolutely nothing and that at each election you need to closely examine the specific people you intend to elect, it is also easy to say that from a point of privilege where you can sit around writing stupid comments on the internet. It is not so easy to conduct that deep research when you have actual responsibilities in life. It is understandable why people latch onto a brand and judge it based on past performance.
by pessimizer | 2025-09-10 17:38:11+00:00
It isn't "no tax on tips" that's regressive, it's tips themselves. If tips are a gift, then they should be taxed as gifts are taxed. End tips and raise wages, and the taxes cease to be confusing or controversial.

For example, half of parents are transferring an average of $1,500/month, tax-free, to their adult children.* Why do they get to do this?

Or to take it to absurdity, why aren't my donations to charities taxed? What's the reason for the carveout? Should I instead donate earmarked cash to a charity that provides assistance to underpaid waitstaff?

[*] If you didn't hear that the other half are getting this, now you know: https://www.savings.com/insights/financial-support-for-adult...
by wowczarek | 2025-09-10 17:38:17+00:00
Aaahh, PowerToys - making Windows somewhat usable since 1996.

On a related note, before I'm forced to write my own, does anyone know of a Windows tool that allows keyboard based window navigation? Not the alt-tab faff, I mean like in terminal emulators and terminal multiplexers, I want to use say win-ctrl-arrows to move focus from the current window to the adjacent or overlapping visible window to the left, right etc.

Someone must have done this already...
by Animats | 2025-09-10 17:38:25+00:00
"To find what you need online, you require a solid general education and, above all, prior knowledge in the area related to your search." And get off my lawn. That's more a criticism of search engines than AI, anyway.

Insisting that people know exercise physiology to work out is a bit much. That's what trainers and coaches are for. Now drop and give me twenty.

The real problem with LLMs remains that they can't really do the job of thinking yet, because they're wrong too often. They can both hallucinate and get lost. What the AI situation will be in five years, we don't know.
by Earw0rm | 2025-09-10 17:39:00+00:00
-10deg winters are certainly going to put a stop to much walking or biking, regardless of whether that's Celsius or Fahrenheit.

Not much of Europe ever gets that low though. Edinburgh occasionally overnight, but it's rarely below about -4c / 24f during commute hours. Berlin mostly the same, Stockholm's maybe the only big European capital that gets to "walking for an hour stands a serious chance of killing you" temperatures for days at a time.