MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by rendx | 2025-09-22 09:56:07+00:00
"twin studies fail to separate the effects of genes and the prenatal environment. This failure casts doubt on claims of the relative effects of genes and environment on intelligence, psychiatric disorders, personality and other psychological variables, and other conditions."

https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/looking-in-the-cultu...

"Although many twin studies have been conducted (which is quite an understatement; there are almost 9,000 hits for “twin study” on PubMed!), there have long been critics who argue that they are scientiﬁcally worthless."

Smith, Jinkinson. (2020). The debate over twin studies: an overview. http://dx.doi.org/10.22541/au.159674847.78026661

"Because heritability is defined by both genetic and environmental influences, it is not a fixed characteristic of a disease or trait, but a population-specific estimate, analogous to, for example, the mean height, cholesterol level or life expectancy in a population. It also cannot be interpretated at the family or individual level."

Kaprio J. (2012). Twins and the mystery of missing heritability: the contribution of gene-environment interactions. Journal of internal medicine, 272(5), 440–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02587.x
by wiether | 2025-09-22 09:56:22+00:00
I 100% get the purpose of the `act` tool, but I don't get why they wrote this sentence around `make`.

The tool is here to run GHA tasks locally, period. It's not a replacement for a Makefile.

And I agree with you: use `make` in your actions!

If I want to make sense of the sentence, the only thing I can think of is that, before making this tool, they were using a Makefile locally to replicate the content of their GHA tasks.
by alias_neo | 2025-09-22 09:57:48+00:00
Another commenter said essentially the same thing, I sympathise, it's painful when the "customer" can't understand something clearly telling them they're doing it wrong.

I don't have an answer, but I wonder, for the sake of protecting your own org, is some sort of "abuse" policy the only approach; as in, deal with the human problem, be clear with them in writing somewhere that if they're seeing response X or Y (429 etc) that they're essentially abusing the API and need to behave.
by rendx | 2025-09-22 09:58:58+00:00
I agree. Also, the prenatal environment (9 months of development!) and circumstances of birth, which both twins share, is not accounted for at all. Or rather, it is accounted for as "heritability" by twin studies, which is plainly wrong.

https://williamjbarry.substack.com/p/the-first-1000-days
by presentation | 2025-09-22 10:00:09+00:00
I live in Tokyo and have kids. Both cycling and transit are essential to most parents lives here. It is not that these are incompatible with family life, it’s that as it is implemented and maintained in the USA (read: badly), it is incompatible.

An example that’s minor for young singles but major for parents: train stations here pretty much all have elevators and they almost always are working. This alone changes the game.
by ilsubyeega | 2025-09-22 10:00:19+00:00
I'm Korean. I really really don't know. Every day, I wake up to every new news:

- A tariff agreement signed, but then they immediately mention a different percentage (Japan)

- Korean(mostly) engineers arrested on suspicion of participating in the construction of a US factory (IIRC it is not claimed whether it's legal or not)

- H-1B visa situation

Looking at the current situation, there's no "guarantee" of tariff reductions through huge investment to US. Also there is no justification for the argument that countries that do not invest should do so as other countries do.
by watwut | 2025-09-22 10:00:35+00:00
Behaviours are what you do - how you interact with the world. Having disordered brain is about how your brain functions. If I yell at you, it is behavior not am "inherently disordered brain".

If I feel sad all the time, it is not a behavior. It is a feeling. If I am forgetting a lot, it is a brain function too, not a behavior. Behavior can be used to mitigate the disordered brain, it can be result of it, it can be completely intendent of it.

Behavior can be something positive or neutral. Eating is behavior, giving a gift is a behavior.
by rob_c | 2025-09-22 10:00:47+00:00
Same as watching someone in school try to translate between French and English by a dictionary one word at a time ignoring context...

But frankly security theatre was always going to descend into this with a thousand wannabe l33ts targeting big projects with LLMs to be "that guy" who found some "bug" and "saved the world".

Shellshock showed how bad a large part of the industry is. It was not a bug. "Fixing" it caused a lot of old tried and tested solutions to break, but hey, we as an industry need to protect against the lowest common denominator who refuse to learn better...
by rendx | 2025-09-22 10:00:54+00:00
"ADHD has been clearly linked with numerous environmental risk factors, particularly around the prenatal and perinatal period. Some of the most robust risk factors identified are maternal prenatal health conditions and psychological distress (e.g. hypertension, obesity, pre-eclampsia, immune activation), in utero exposure to poor diet (with critical factors still being determined), teratogenic effects of certain medications (e.g. acetaminophen) and environmental exposures (e.g. lead), as well as neonatal factors such as prematurity and low birth weight [27]. Other extreme exposures in the postnatal environment (such as extreme infant emotional neglect) have also been associated with an ADHD syndrome [28, 29]."

Cecil, C. A. M., & Nigg, J. T. (2022). Epigenetics and ADHD: Reflections on Current Knowledge, Research Priorities and Translational Potential. Molecular diagnosis & therapy, 26(6), 581–606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-022-00609-y

"The convincing evidence for genes as risk factors for ADHD does not exclude the environment as a source of etiology. The fact that twin estimates of heritability are less than 100% asserts quite strongly that environmental factors must be involved. ADHD’s heritability is high, and that estimate encompasses gene by environment interaction. Thus, it is possible that such interactions will account for much of ADHD’s etiology. Environmental risk factors likely work through epigenetic mechanisms, which have barely been studied in ADHD [148]. The importance of the environment can also be seen in the fact that, as for other complex genetic disorders, much of ADHD’s heritability is explained by SNPs in regulatory regions rather than coding regions [149]."

Faraone, S. V., & Larsson, H. (2019). Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Molecular psychiatry, 24(4), 562–575. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0070-0
by mrsvanwinkle | 2025-09-22 10:01:32+00:00
this LLM-emboldened, mass Dunning-Kruger schizophrenia has gone from hilarious to sad to simply invoking disgust. this isn't even an earnest altruistic effort but some insecure fever dream of finally being acknowledged as a "genius" of some sort. the worst i've seen of this is some random redditor claiming to have _the_ authoritative version of a theory of everything and spamming it in every theoretical physics adjacent subreddit, claims to have a phd but anonymous and doesn't represent any research group/institution nor does the spam have any citations.
by mschild | 2025-09-22 10:01:43+00:00
I think that always depends entirely on the docs and how people are instructed to use them.

From a software engineer standpoint, we have a larger collection of docs for the internal platform we run. The docs for other engineers follow the diátaxis framework [0] for documentation. Its the best approach we've found so far and the overall questions and guidance my team needed to provide reduced by a significant margin while the PRs we know receive have increased in quality and quantity.

[0] https://diataxis.fr/
by ale | 2025-09-22 10:02:17+00:00
It's kind of depressing to read Daniel's article[1] on this issue given the rising "popularity" of these lazy attempts at cash grabbing. I hope they manage to combat the AI slop in a way that does not involve fighting fire with fire though.

[1] https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2025/07/14/death-by-a-thousand-s...
by devsda | 2025-09-22 10:02:47+00:00
> We've all been through that phase where you have to google the words you don't know.

I hope I'm not the only one who for a moment thought those were real terms in some esoteric new age programming language like LOLCODE [1]. ABCDE++ gave it away.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOLCODE
by ToucanLoucan | 2025-09-22 10:03:53+00:00
Is it that crazy? He's doing exactly what the AI boosters have told him to do.

Like, do LLMs have actual applications? Yes. By virtue of using one, are you by definition a lazy know-nothing? No. Are they seemingly quite purpose-built for lazy know-nothings to help them bullshit through technical roles? Yeah, kinda.

In my mind this is this tech working exactly as intended. From the beginning the various companies have been quite open about the fact that this tech is (supposed to) free you from having to know... anything, really. And then we're shocked when people listen to the marketing. The executives are salivating at the notion of replacing development staff with virtual machines that generate software, but if they can't have that, they'll be just as happy to export their entire development staff to a country where they can pay every member of it in spoons. And yeah, the software they make might barely function but who cares, it barely functions now.
by cyphar | 2025-09-22 10:06:40+00:00
> I've seen at least a paper trying to bolt-on such a feature on golang but it's way too convoluted.

A friend of mine has been working on [1] which is a less computer-sciency solution to the problem for Go modules that doesn't require adding effects to the type system (to be a bit snarky -- good luck getting more type changes into Go, it might take another 3 decades).

[1]: https://github.com/AkihiroSuda/gomodjail
by watwut | 2025-09-22 10:07:45+00:00
> I live in Europe. I don't care about your tribes,

That is irrelevant. Regardless of where you live, your argument amounted to working really hard here to blame republican policies, radicalization and behavior on Obama. You tied together things that were in fact not alike at all.

>I can only see you have a wannabe dictator in place, and that it's the consequence of a long chain of events

And insisting that Obama is in any way relevant to that long chain is either bad faith or just disinterest in what happened.

> Arguing "that's because of the bad guys" is like falling in the mud and blaming the mud.

But it is you who want to make it into that, except that "bad guys" are any random American politician you can think of. It does actually matter who did what.
by dvfjsdhgfv | 2025-09-22 10:08:34+00:00
I'm a bit ashamed to say that, after using various ASCII symbols (for progress, checkmarks etc.) in the 90s and early 2000s, when I first discovered we can actually put special Unicode characters on the terminal and it will be rendered almost universally in a similar way, it was like discovering an unknown land.

While rockets and hearts seem more like unnecessary abuse, there are a few icons that really make sense in CLI and TUI programs, but now I'm hesitant to use them as then people who don't know me get suspicious it could be AI slop.
by orwin | 2025-09-22 10:08:52+00:00
What's missing from this is China making a lot of soft calls to SK, basically saying 'we like you, we can pressure NK into a more peaceful position, invest with us, we're all Asians', and SK seems to be responding positively.

SK being closer to China would be a game changer for geopolitics, and they would need _very strong_ guarantees from China, so strong I don't think it's possible in the short term (unless NK has a regime change).
by nferraz | 2025-09-22 10:08:55+00:00
Why did you opt for "highly-abbreviated commit IDs"?

Instead of:

``` calendar/seasons.blog 196 40 d1

196 196e749 40 40c52f4 d1 d142598

```

The tool should simply display:

``` calendar/seasons.blog 196e749 40c52f4 d142598 ```

That's it!

The second table only complicates the output.

PS:

`what-changed-twice` is a good name.
by lukan | 2025-09-22 10:09:32+00:00
Yes, I did. I also grew up watching scientific space videos before I could read and frequently making holidays at the sea as a kid.

But other people grew up in flat areas, far from the sea and maybe exposed with too much BS and maybe drugs at some points in their life, so ended up with a very different point of view.

It was interesting for me to find ways to maybe guide them back to reality and sometimes I succeeded a bit, but I don't think that argument would have helped me. On average and to our senses the earth is pretty undisputable flat.

It takes thinking to go further.
Ask HN: Transition to Management?
by bosch_mind | 2025-09-22 10:10:01+00:00
Going through some hardcore career burnout that has been lasting for far too long. Boring and not meaningful work, massive team and horrible oncall. Interviewed and got a manager opportunity for a team I think is quite interesting, but have zero management experience. Anyone enjoy this transition to gain new perspective?

I enjoy helping people and have a decent engineering background. This is at a “big tech/faang adjacent” company
by rmu09 | 2025-09-22 10:10:10+00:00
I remember needing a patch to the DSDT on a Dell latitude x300 for linux to work proberly (~20 years ago?). It was attached to the initrd. IIRC one problem was that the microsoft ACPI table compiler produced code that was illegal under some interpretation of the standard, and the intel tools on linux didn't like that.
by seec | 2025-09-22 10:11:01+00:00
Mobile apps are indeed terrible most of the time. If you want to do anything else than consume content with them, you are very likely to waste time, since any random laptop would do much better.

But that's pretty much expected, those apps are simplified counterparts of the "traditional" software because they have to work with big fingers and low precision / fast speed requirement.

I think the vast majority of software actually doesn't have much point in its "mobile" form, it's even discutable why most of it was ever proposed as a valid endeavor.

But it's mostly a market driven thing because of the app stores. Devs wanted to make money from the mobile craze and thus spent a lot of time inventing/reproducing software for mobile. In practice when you look at app stores statistics, there is little use of "real" software. Most of the successful apps are about consuming content or focus on supporting real world utility.

I have tried hundreds of mobile apps and as far as I'm concerned, most of them are a major waste of time. I think the uses cases for the smartphone haven't changed much since the start: quick messaging (sms, emails, etc), navigation (GPS), quick fact gathering (web browsing) and good enough photography. But since it has become a marker of social status, and has captured a ton of money, many have tried to bolt on more stuff to it.

If think that if your task requires more than 10 min on the phone, it's probably not something that you should be doing on the phone.
by londons_explore | 2025-09-22 10:11:53+00:00
In a typical hike, not only do I care about weight and capacity, but also recharge speed from AC.

I often will be stopping at a cafe for lunch, and in the 45 mins I'm there I want my phone to charge from 15% to 90%, and I also want my battery to recharge from 15% to 90% to give me another 3 days hiking before the next recharge stop. That involves carrying a dual-output USB adaptor where both outputs are fast charging, two cables, a battery bank and my phone.

Thats a lot of stuff to carry, when someone would ideally make a single AC adaptor with a built in battery and cable such that when plugged in to AC it recharges both itself and an attached phone, and when unplugged from AC it discharges itself into the phone.

With clever design, some of those bits of electronics can be combined and casings and heatsinks shared making the whole setup smaller, lighter and cheaper. By integrating the battery charging logic into the AC adaptor, the temperature of the adaptor and output towards the phone can be used to adjust the charging speed to maximize use of the flyback transformers saturation current.
by throwaway2037 | 2025-09-22 10:12:17+00:00
I think that you are interpreting this outcome as technology-wise negative. Instead, I will offer a commercial positive: If the docs that wrote are so great, then you can hire lower skill, cheaper support staff. Training is also cheaper (because of docs). If I was senior IT mgmt or biz mgmt: That is a win.

> never be able to grow in their role and move up to tier 2. I'm not sure how to solve for this problem.

I have a selfish answer. Who cares about staff that don't improve. Really. Read that twice. Leave them behind in the dust. I am always blown away when I meet someone in my career and they have been doing some shitty support role, and they have barely progressed (career-wise or tech-knowledge-wise). Who are these people? Everyday, they dig a hole, then a 4PM they fill the hole. Rinse and repeat! Someone who is smart enough to "figure it all out" and write docs should be promoted, or moved to another support team to repeat the same pattern.
by mitchell209 | 2025-09-22 10:12:26+00:00
The main issue imo is it used to be "fuck you, our way is better" and that would usually end up being true or they could at least explain, but liquid glass seems only superficial at best and actively detrimental at worst with the added taps for actions that were previously 1 button. The worst offender I've seen so far is in the Phone app: go to the new Calls tab, tap on a recent caller, and tapping the Edit button in the corner expands into a single Edit Contact Info button. It's not even consistent within the same application because the Edit button on the Contacts tab goes straight into the edit contact mode.

Hopefully all of us complainers are wrong and this ends up being a smart strategic move by Apple but so far nothing is easier and many things are worse.
by sunnybeetroot | 2025-09-22 10:12:48+00:00
On iOS you can have 2 active at the same time:

https://support.apple.com/en-ae/118227

> You can have two eSIMs active at the same time on supported iPhone models. For example, you can use one eSIM for your home phone number and another eSIM for the place you're visiting.
by aa-jv | 2025-09-22 10:13:01+00:00
True, mostly.

The point with Protong, however, is that there was a globally-spanning civilization which did not have the latency we commonly associate with early human development. The language was supposedly spoken globally by a world-spanning human civilization which was destroyed by the cataclysm, requiring us all to re-develop ourselves.

Like I said, Szukalski was a kook. But contrasting his findings with more scientifically appropriate methods, is certainly of great interest to those of us following along...
by gchamonlive | 2025-09-22 10:14:40+00:00
I like to always provide a docker image which can be used to execute whatever solution I'm developing. Most of the time the docker image isn't even used, but it's an important exercise because I'm forced to run my solution on a fresh system, so the resulting docs will invariably be more complete, and it also documents the dependencies in a way you can easily verify.
by 63stack | 2025-09-22 10:14:48+00:00
To be honest, NPM is a complete shitshow when it comes to this, and I wish each and every single person who had a hand in developing it have their keyboards taken away, and never be allowed to touch any developer tooling ever again.

See this Stackoverflow thread:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45022048/why-does-npm-in...

The top answer has 3 updates to it, and links to 2 github issues, with conflicting information.

One says:

>If you run npm i against that package.json and package-lock.json, the latter will never be updated, even if the package.json would be happy with newer versions.

The other says:

>The module tree described by the package lock is reproduced. This means reproducing the structure described in the file, using the specific files referenced in "resolved" if available, falling back to normal package resolution using "version" if one isn't.

>This holds no longer true since npm 5.1.0, because now the generated module tree is a combined result of both package.json and package-lock.json. (Example: package.json specifies some package with version ^1.1.0; package-lock.json had locked it with version 1.1.4; but actually, the package is already available with version 1.1.9. In this case npm i resolves the package to 1.1.9 and overwrites the lockfile accordingly, hence ignoring the information in the lock file.)

So good luck figuring out what is true, but it seems to also depend on your version of NPM. Also, don't get me started on the presence of an entirely separate command "npm ci", which is supposed to be the one that is reproducible.

Absolute clowns.
by psyklic | 2025-09-22 10:15:05+00:00
Nice job! As a US-based consultant, I've found it's always best if you immediately suggest a contract. This way you can ensure it starts with terms favorable for you.

I've also found it's pedagogically helpful to have two versions of each contract, a consultant-favored and consultee-favored. This way you can understand how each clause may be tweaked to benefit each party. For example, this book does this (US-based): https://www.amazon.com/Consultant-Independent-Contractor-Agr...
by ptx | 2025-09-22 10:15:19+00:00
You could probably fix this, to some extent, by adding a sidebar to the instructions that 1) acknowledges that the procedure doesn't seem to make any sense, and 2) points out why the seemingly obvious fixes won't work. That's usually immensely helpful to me as a reader, so I don't have to waste time wondering if I misunderstood the instructions or the author misunderstood the procedure.
by numpad0 | 2025-09-22 10:15:31+00:00
That's a bit cursed mental model tbf... The voltages of batteries, in the first place, is function of state of charge. 100% = 4.2V, 0% = ~2.7V, 50% is 3.7V(by volume or something. 2.7 is also technical absolute minimums, cutoff voltage is usually more like 3.2V. Please don't abuse the battery in the ranges between 3.2 to 2.7V, let alone below).

Charge/discharge current capacity is constant throughout, at least so battery manufacturers say, at 1-20x the amp-hour capacity depending on the cell. Usually 5x or less.

Since energy = voltage x current, instantaneous W capacity is higher at first, reducing as it becomes supply side limited rather than load side limited.

But all those is irrelevant to why everyone uses mAh, it's because products with biggest numbers sell fastest. Marking capacity in Wh is noble, but it's a clearance worthy sin if you ask the shelves.
by reify | 2025-09-22 10:15:46+00:00
I am confused

Are we saying that a human being cannot make a choice as to whether they want open a webpage they dont want to open.

I personally do not visit sites I do want to visit. There is no possibility that I might accidentally visit a site I do not want to visit.

I do add websites to U-block origin to block sites from search engines, I dont want to scroll through a hundred of pages of USA amazon, ebay, google, instagram, facebook, etc, links, when I am looking for a new pair of socks in my local store in the UK.

here I block startpage from showing amazon links in the search.

startpage.##.g:has(a[href="amazon.com"])

startpage.##a[href="amazon.com"]:upward(1)

This also works with google and other search engines.

If I want to block an entire web site, just add:

||www.amazon.com^

||www.google.com^

these site wont load at all, they will be blocked by U-block, even if you accidentally click on a link