MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by akharris | 2025-09-04 22:52:45+00:00
My list wasn't meant to exhaustive. Honestly not much of a list, just a few examples. SpaceX and Nvidia are both examples of deep technical moats, as are some of the others mentioned by commenters.

I agree with you that many moats are regulatory, but disagree that most moats are. Networks are powerful moats, customer lockin can work well, brand is a strong moat (at least for a time), speed and culture can function as moats.

Fwiw, I don't think any moat is ultimately perfect. Moats themselves are not meant to permanently stop an attacker - they are delaying tactics at best. Companies that stay ahead continuously re-invent and rebuild their differentiation and defenses.
by slt2021 | 2025-09-04 22:53:29+00:00
who blinked first during Cuban missile crisis? It was JFK who called Khrushev for deescalation.

who blinked first during Ukraine-Russia war? It was Jake Sullivan who redirected military gear from Urkaine to Israel and drip-fed the ammunition shipments, when Russia showed they are ready to use tactical nukes if necessary and formally updated their nuclear doctrine
by jabwd | 2025-09-04 22:53:29+00:00
Even though I run it full time now personally; I still think Linux has massive problems something like Windows or macOS don't have: app development. You can't target a thing, you have to target all the things and bloat your app like crazy so you might as well just ship a chromium based app because its practically the same thing anyway (shipping an entire userland because its not stable anyway)
by DrillShopper | 2025-09-04 22:53:33+00:00
Just because you don't understand a sport doesn't make it "artifical", "arbitrary", impractical, or devoid of value.

I enjoy NFL football because it is a showcase of brain (from the offensive and defensive schemes), brawn (pretty self explanatory), and planning (drafting, trading, roster construction). Arguably moreso than most software development (replace brawn with the mental toughness to not crack after the fifth night of sleeping under your desk to ship something).

That you do not understand the game does not make it worthless. Clearly there is some worth because football is something people pay a lot of money to enjoy, and that money, while also concentrating in the hands of owners (and there's a lot to talk about there), goes to support the trainers, assistants, equipment managers, travel coordinators, hotel workers, security guards at the game, stadium staff, concessions staff, bars and restaurants (both around the stadium and at home during away games), and many other people. It inarguably creates value. That doesn't go away because you don't like and don't understand it.

In conclusion: GO PACK GO
by kjs3 | 2025-09-04 22:53:38+00:00
The OP says that 8-bit CPUs couldn't handle Pascal well

The 6502 might not have been able to handle Pascal well, but Borland Turbo Pascal for CP/M (z80, 8080, etc) worked very, very well. It was also released in 1983 or so, but dunno whether it or Factor was 'first'.
by Izikiel43 | 2025-09-04 22:55:06+00:00
> So transactions are difficult because they are illegal, and blockchain helps to facilitate crime?

Let's say I make drinking water illegal, would you still do it? Sure you would, you need it to live, laws be damned.

In Argentina it was a similar situation, financially speaking, but with USD, as Argentina had like 1000% accumulated inflation since 2019, so basically the ARS melted in your hands, and the USD/Euros/crypto where your only safe havens.

So yes, the government made the transactions illegal, but the alternative was becoming poor (we ended up the previous government with around 55% poverty).
by lovereading | 2025-09-04 22:56:29+00:00
Hey hackers

I used to pay $149/year for Blinkist, but with only ~6,500 summaries I often couldn’t find the more niche or academic books I wanted. That frustration turned into a project: I built Minute Reads, which now has ~209,000 summaries

Why it's different:

Each book summary has 3 length options:

3-minute summaries → core takeaways

6-minute summaries → more detailed

10-minute summaries → deeper dive

Book summaries are available to translate in 21 languages

It’s been super useful for quickly grasping important concepts and previewing book in minutes to decide if it’s worth diving into fully.

It's definitely not as perfect as I would like yet, however, I am constantly improving it.

You can browse a limited number of summaries daily without signing up

Would love to hear you wonderful people's feedback!
by matheusmoreira | 2025-09-04 22:57:58+00:00
"Humans are ethical and behave morally" is a core idea behind every Star Trek episode featuring the Enterprise. Its relentless optimism is almost innocent in nature...

DS9 is great because it showed us the darker side of the federation. They can afford to be like this because they've got Space CIA committing atrocities behind the scenes since day one.
by nomel | 2025-09-04 22:58:40+00:00
> intercept and apprehend the crew picking up the payload

The military stepping foot on the land to do this would be not taken well. They have no authority to invade or intervene, and shots would certainly be fired in the wrong direction. And, the local government has no authority to intervene, at the pickup point, as they're controlled by the cartels. The wider government has no interest in intervening, since it's too profitable.

The alternative is precisely nothing happening, which is the goal, with previously profound success, for the cartels.

It's all bad.
by adamnemecek | 2025-09-04 22:59:58+00:00
A high level explanation is that a trace counts how many times each equivalence classes appears. In sense, it is similar to a multiset, it associates a count with some input.

In the case of the Fourier transform, it maps from time domain to frequency domain. In the frequency domain, we can see the amplitude (count) of the signal at each frequency.
by MarcelOlsz | 2025-09-04 23:00:43+00:00
There's many awful things, but HN who's hiring isn't one of them IMO. Because HN has maintained an image of being for "smart in the know" people and discussions despite being huge, connections fostered here tend to start off with a stronger weight than completely cold interactions, there's some minor level of inherent trust there.

I can't remember the last time someone didn't reply to me from here, but then again I choose my applications very carefully. You also get to meet a truly diverse set of people and opportunities rather than "more of the same".
by phailhaus | 2025-09-04 23:01:26+00:00
The problem with the dataframe API is that whenever you want to change a small part of your logic, you usually have to rethink and rewrite the whole solution. It is too difficult to write reusable code. Too many functions that try to do too many things with a million kwargs that each have their own nuances. This is because these libraries tend to favor fewer keystrokes over composable design. So the easy stuff is easy and makes for pretty docs, but the hard stuff is obnoxious to reason through.

This article explains it pretty well: https://dynomight.net/numpy/
by sureshkumars | 2025-09-04 23:01:27+00:00
TL;DR: Built an MCP server that lets Claude Desktop analyze OpenAPI specs through natural language queries. Ask "What authentication methods does this API use?" instead of manually parsing JSON schemas.

What is it? OpenAPI Analyzer MCP bridges the gap between human questions and API documentation. Instead of: - Manually reading through 50+ page OpenAPI specs - Writing custom scripts to parse API schemas - Switching between multiple tools to understand APIs You can now ask Claude directly: - "Which endpoints require authentication?" - "Find all pagination patterns across these APIs" - "What's inconsistent between v1 and v2 specs?" Key Features Smart Discovery System - Point it at an API registry (apis.json format) and it loads dozens of specs automatically - Fallback chain: API registry → individual URLs → local files Natural Language Analysis - Query endpoints semantically, not just by exact matches - Find patterns across multiple API specifications - Detect inconsistencies and suggest improvements Built for Scale - Handles YAML, JSON, and YML OpenAPI formats - Memory-efficient parsing with swagger-parser Why I Built This Working with microservices architectures, I was constantly jumping between API docs trying to understand: - Which services handle user authentication - How different teams implement pagination - What's the schema for shared data models Configure in Claude Desktop, point it at any OpenAPI spec (or API registry - see the example config), and start asking questions about your APIs in plain English.

I'd love feedback from the API tooling community. What other analysis patterns would be useful to add next?

GitHub: https://github.com/sureshkumars/openapi-analyzer-mcp
by gip | 2025-09-04 23:03:02+00:00
Crypto has delivered a lot of great projects in the past 10+ years: * A new store of value (Bitcoin) * Programmable money with a lot of innovation still happening (Ethereum ecosystem) * Fully compliant chains for decentralized finance and payments * Fully compliant solutions for enterprises (Ripple and tons of others) * Projects that support financial inclusion worldwide (Stellar is awesome) * Stablecoins - basically stable, open, regulated money with lower fees * Privacy is the next focus with zero-knowledge (a very impressive tech) is being integrated * ... and a lot more ...

Sure, some people thought buying tokens was a way to become rich quick and lost money. Yes, some projects were not regulated and the regulators need to catch up. But overall progress is impressive imo.
by amonks | 2025-09-04 23:03:36+00:00
That’s a pretty scary answer, to be honest.

Regardless, here’s the CaMeL paper. Defeating Prompt Injections by Design (2025): https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18813

Here’s a paper offering a survey of different mitigation techniques, including CaMeL. Design Patterns for Securing LLM Agents against Prompt Injections (2025): https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08837

And here’s a high-level overview of the state of prompt injection from 'simonw (who coined the term), which includes links to summaries of both papers above: https://simonwillison.net/2025/Jun/16/the-lethal-trifecta/
by jvanderbot | 2025-09-04 23:04:03+00:00
What do you do about all the homeowners who are now paying for a home that has lost value? They just take a walk? What about the sellers who can't sell their house for what they owe now? They just take the same walk? And the banks and mortgage backed securities, even the stable ones, are now worth jack? What about the 401K accounts that now lose 20% or their value because it was all piled on housing related funds unbeknownst to the investor?

It amounts to a mass seizure and redistribution, except those who were seized from still have to pay back what they borrowed, so it's even worse!
by ggm | 2025-09-04 23:04:25+00:00
A good thing, but isn't this lower than the protection of vaccination?

Could be useful prophylaxis, could supplement. Could help for people who arent vaccinated. could be a cheap path for poor economies, but all of this begs the question: why can't we make vaccination available and routine?

Also, given the FUD about adverse reactions (and the misunderstanding about scale) -these sprays cause nasal bleeding, loss of sense of smell, and people reported tiredness. These aren't nothing right? So.. if you refused an mRNA vaccine because one in 50,000 people had an adverse reaction, you're willing to think your burger and fries tastes different at .. what rate?

Nasal vaccine delivery is also a thing. We could use this method to deploy both a preventive, and a vaccine.
by MontyCarloHall | 2025-09-04 23:04:37+00:00
>but many simply chose to not do anything to avoid the aging

Thank you for saying this. A depressingly large proportion of people are seemingly resigned to the fact that once you hit 40-50, you'll inevitably turn into an achy tub of lard and it's rapidly and irreversibly downhill from there.

Barring injuries that are truly irreversible (e.g. severe damage to joints/cartilage), with the correct diet and fitness regime, it's entirely possible to remain lean (≤20% bodyfat) and muscular (≥80th percentile in strength standards [0]) well into what most consider "old age." So many people have no idea just how poorly they eat or how inactive and physically weak they are, and consider the result to just be a normal part of life.

>I also write code daily, read the same things I read when I worked, thus keep my brain going too. You can't ignore body or mind, you have to keep both in tune.

Thanks for saying this too. So much cognitive decline is due to inactivity of the mind. My mom was whip smart until she retired in her mid-60s to a life of idle leisure, and her mental faculties noticeably deteriorated within a few months. Thankfully, she noticed this and deliberately re-engaged with more intense intellectual pursuits (including consulting part-time in the professional field that she loved), and the improvement was night-and-day.

[0] https://strengthlevel.com/strength-standards
by daveguy | 2025-09-04 23:04:49+00:00
The boat was presumably smuggling drugs from Venezuela. They destroyed the boat soon after departure off the coast of Venezuela. Not only did they not have authority to destroy the boat (due process, no declared war -- see GP for typical SOP), they apparently didn't even bother to find out the destination.

Trump and his entire administration are fools. You know it, and I know it. And everyone else knows it.
by jared_hulbert | 2025-09-04 23:04:53+00:00
In this context CXL is kinda storage and kinda higher latency RAM. It's latency is worse than standard DDR5 DIMMs but the bandwidth is on the same trajectory as storage/networking.

I'm inclined to think of it like storage in this context. It's scaling, but it will require new thinking to take full advantage of.
by neilv | 2025-09-04 23:05:24+00:00
> One former executive noted that maintaining Amazon's famed memo-writing culture was especially challenging for new hires more accustomed to PowerPoint presentations.

Did they ignore the directive, and do slides instead?

Or did they try to do the Amazon 6-pager meetings, but they were bad at it?

> Many also struggled to fully embrace the company's Leadership Principles, which are deeply embedded in how Amazon operates.

I have a suspicion that the interview process itself gives a bad impression of the Leadership Principles, by making them look like corporate drone interview theatre BS ritual, rather than something that's taken seriously.
by TranquilMarmot | 2025-09-04 23:05:59+00:00
https://proton.me/support/lumo-privacy

> Lumo is powered by open-source large language models (LLMs) which have been optimized by Proton to give you the best answer based on the model most capable of dealing with your request. The models we’re using currently are Nemo, OpenHands 32B, OLMO 2 32B, and Mistral Small 3. These run exclusively on servers Proton controls so your data is never stored on a third-party platform.
by rolph | 2025-09-04 23:06:14+00:00
i have no problems with the idea being true, but ive seen murk already in some previous posts, such as the suggestion a quite fake looking video was produced, but i havnt seen it.

regardless of veracity, gloating over mass murder has a rather dark palpatine, look to it.

im certain i would see confirmation if i went down the rabbithole
by al_borland | 2025-09-04 23:07:14+00:00
This wasn't a new insight by Arc. ChromeOS exists. Palm's WebOS was a thing. Even Apple pitched rich web apps as the avenue for 3rd party developers to make things for the original iPhone, they were just a bit too early. There is even Electron, for web apps to run as desktop apps on all major operating systems. Most browsers can also turn any website into a self-contained web app that lives along side other local apps.

I don't think Arc ever realized their vision. They gave some cryptic ideas of their vision for the future of the web, but I don't feel like they fundamentally changed anything. I was expecting Arc to eventually get to a place where I could login to Arc on any computer and have my home session, always up to date anywhere I was. Of course, this idea would have been a lot better in the 90s or 00s when computer labs were more common and everyone didn't have a computer in their pocket. The value of a cloud OS isn't as appealing as it once was.

In terms of growth flattening out; they threw in the towel too early. It was only after they stopped adding new features and decided to give up on Arc that it seemed to really start to get traction. I was seeing blog posts and YouTube videos left and right about Arc, all while knowing that it was effectively dead, but the memo never made it to the people who just found it and were sharing it like crazy. A new browser from a new company, that piggybacks on the browser that already has 70+% marketshare isn't going to take over the world in a few years. It was a long play and they were too impatient, and had already given up by the time they started to get some real traction outside of the early adopter space.

I remember when Firefox really hit the mainstream. Friends would see friends using IE, and push them out of the way to install Firefox. It felt very grass roots, but it worked... it just took time.
by wubrr | 2025-09-04 23:07:20+00:00
NFL is artificial and arbitrary literally by definition.

> I enjoy NFL football because it is a showcase of brain

You enjoy it because you were brought up by society to enjoy it and it was pushed on you from all sides. If you grew up in, say, Iceland, you probably wouldn't know anything about it or care at all.

> That you do not understand the game does not make it worthless.

That you clearly do not understand the history of big sports, the way they were pushed onto the public, and their explicit use in the manipulation public opinion, doesn't mean your 'understanding' of arbitrary tidbits of an arbitrary sport is any kind of argument for that sport's overall usefulness and benefit to society.

> Clearly there is some worth because football is something people pay a lot of money to enjoy

You should go look into the history of big sports and why an arbitrary artificial sport which has existed for less than 200 years is so popular in one particular country and almost entirely ignored everywhere else. Saying 'thing exists therefore it's good' is meaningless and boring.

> It inarguably creates value.

Just because something creates economic activity does not mean it's of overall benefit to society. I (and you) can very easily name many things that create(d) economic activity that we can both agree are bad for society (let me know if you can't). That doesn't change just because you like the thing, or because you know some arbitrary detail about the thing.
by yupyupyups | 2025-09-04 23:07:20+00:00
This works as long as the data is "small" and you have no ACL for it. Assuming you mean automatic downloads.

Devdocs does something similar, but there you request to download the payload manually, and the data is still browsable online without you having to download all of it. The data is also split in a convenient manner (by programming language/library). In other words, you can download individual parts. The UI also remains available offline, which is pretty cool.

https://devdocs.io/
by robotresearcher | 2025-09-04 23:08:37+00:00
> so when it matters, as in war time, he can

I looked it up, and you are kinda right in the theory of it, and I was wrong in the practice of it. The practical power lies with the Cabinet.

From Wikipedia:

"A declaration of war by Canada [...] is an exercise of the royal prerogative on the constitutional advice of the ministers of the Crown in Cabinet and does not require the direct approval of the Parliament of Canada, though such can be sought by the government."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_war_by_Canada
by mananaysiempre | 2025-09-04 23:08:46+00:00
I’ve dabbled in explaining the FT some, and I think there’s an important trait of that video that needs to be highlighted: it’s a superb demonstration of what the Fourier transform does, mechanically, but it does not at all try to explain why it works in the places we usually apply it or how (having, admittedly, a thoroughly anachronistic mathematical background) you could have invented it.

To be extra clear: it’s a very good video and you should watch it if you don’t have a feel for the Fourier transform. I’m just trying to proactively instil a tiny bit of dissatisfaction with what you will know at the end of it, so that you will then go looking for more.
by spaceman_2020 | 2025-09-04 23:08:59+00:00
My biggest reason to be a crypto believer right now is stablecoins, international payments, and agentic AI.

It's inevitable that agentic AI will handle a lot of workload online eventually. We can't expect these agents to work on existing payment rails, what with their fees and slow settlement and international payment hurdles.

AI agents that can pay each other when necessary - even tiny fractional amounts - will be a massive use case.
by Nevermark | 2025-09-04 23:09:18+00:00
The point wasn't to suggest doing that.

It was to point out, that giving asset sales an insurance break, or risk break, would only makes sense if we gave working people gapped-income and risk breaks.

Which is to say, that neither makes sense.

The way I would put it is, money inflates if you simply hold it, but it has time value almost always greater than inflation. If you don't at least do that, you are choosing to waste value.

So giving a tax break for inflation would be giving people a break on losses, that capitalism already accounts for. Such as naturally higher interest rates when inflation is higher.

(Yes return on asset balancing mechanisms are not perfect in time, but as noted, neither is employment.)
by cosmic_cheese | 2025-09-04 23:09:59+00:00
Sounds like more than half the problem is the lack of standardization in desktop operating systems. There’s no reason why all Mac apps can’t take advantage of the system standard tabbing like AppKit Mac apps do, but most don’t, so in most apps you don’t get apps unless the dev implements them.

Same deal with updaters. If macOS and Windows had a standardized way to update apps Linux distros do that wouldn’t be nearly as annoying.

Startup services and to some degree tray icons fall under enshittification. Some apps have a legitimate need for these (like Alfred or Raycast or an audio mixer applet) but most are blatant mindspace/metrics booster grabs.

For me the upsides of web apps are counteracted by omnipresent annoying browser chrome, resource consumption, and the general flakiness stemming from nobody being able to agree on how to develop web app UIs (even just within the React sphere, let alone beyond it). The number of manhours set on fire and level of potential for refinement left on the table by the innumerable redundant bespoke widget reimplementations is unreal.
by denimnerd42 | 2025-09-04 23:11:23+00:00
I really want to do this but like any hobby it takes too much time. My biggest frustration as a youtube music user is that the app doesn't appreciate that it might not always have a good internet connection and takes forever to fallback to your downloads when loading the library.

If I used an open source app or my own app I could fix this stupid bug but I don't have any control. :(
by degamad | 2025-09-04 23:12:19+00:00
> I don't know about you, but I'd rather use a system that allows me to do what I want with my funds without anyone else controlling it.

How do we know that this unusual transaction is you doing what you want and not someone else controlling and defrauding you?

A small well-understood amount of friction that significantly reduces everyone's risk is not an attempt to control your funds.

Old systems with arbitrary delays based on twentieth century processes should be replaced, but not everything needs immediate infinite speed to be valuable.