MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
Show HN: AI Dojo – open-source LeetCode-style trainer for AI prompts
by jayw_lead | 2025-09-28 19:20:57+00:00
AI Dojo is an open source project for practicing the fundamentals of working with LLMs.

It's an extensible repo with sample exercises that focus on core skills like adding context to prompts, refining outputs iteratively, and problem solving through guided conversations.

Repo: https://github.com/at1as/AI-Dojo More background: https://www.jasonwillems.com/ai/llm/2025/09/28/Introducing-A...
by alephnerd | 2025-09-28 19:21:42+00:00
Barely 2 weeks, Russian drones violated both Polish and Romanian airspace amidst the Zapad military exercises (which themselves were the precursor to the Russian invasion of Ukraine).

There has also been a surge in hybrid attacks linked to Russian intelligence within Europe since the Russian invasion of Ukraine began [0][1].

As such, it is a relevant question to ask.

[0] - https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-war-europe-hybrid-...

[1] - https://investigations.news-exchange.ebu.ch/playing-with-fir...
by foopod | 2025-09-28 19:21:49+00:00
Your point of view assumes the best of people, which is naive. It may not force you to skip understanding, however it makes it much easier to than ever before.

People tend to take the path of least resistance, maybe not everyone, maybe not right away, but if you create opportunities to write poor code then people will take them - more than ever it becomes important to have strong CI, review and testing practices.

Edit: okay, maybe I am feeling a little pessimistic this morning :)
by scrlk | 2025-09-28 19:21:57+00:00
> They have proven over and over and over, that at every opportunity presented they will increase their own authority. I don’t believe I have personally witnessed any other advanced economy that so ardently marches towards authoritarianism.

This has been a slow 111 year project. See the opening of A. J. P. Taylor's English History 1914–1945:

> Until August 1914 a sensible, law-abiding Englishman could pass through life and hardly notice the existence of the state, beyond the post office and the policeman. He could live where he liked and as he liked. He had no official number or identity card. He could travel abroad or leave his country for ever without a passport or any sort of official permission. He could exchange his money for any other currency without restriction or limit. He could buy goods from any country in the world on the same terms as he bought goods at home. For that matter, a foreigner could spend his life in this country without permit and without informing the police. Unlike the countries of the European continent, the state did not require its citizens to perform military service. An Englishman could enlist, if he chose, in the regular army, the navy, or the territorials. He could also ignore, if he chose, the demands of national defence. Substantial householders were occasionally called on for jury service. Otherwise, only those helped the state who wished to do so.

> All this was changed by the impact of the Great War. The mass of the people became, for the first time, active citizens. Their lives were shaped by orders from above; they were required to serve the state instead of pursuing exclusively their own affairs. Five million men entered the armed forces, many of them (though a minority) under compulsion. The Englishman’s food was limited, and its quality changed, by government order. His freedom of movement was restricted; his conditions of work prescribed. Some industries were reduced or closed, others artificially fostered. The publication of news was fettered. Street lights were dimmed. The sacred freedom of drinking was tampered with: licensed hours were cut down, and the beer watered by order. The very time on the clocks was changed. From 1916 onwards, every Englishman got up an hour earlier in summer than he would otherwise have done, thanks to an act of parliament. The state established a hold over its citizens which, though relaxed in peacetime, was never to be removed and which the second World War was again to increase. The history of the English state and of the English people merged for the first time.
by araes | 2025-09-28 19:21:58+00:00
On that subject, and since the Summer Afternoon direct link was not provided, can anybody actually get the project to work? Apparently made it on to HN 2.5 years ago. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34461808 Not sure if its just my system, yet I always start stuck in the ground unable to move.

https://summer-afternoon.vlucendo.com/
by iambateman | 2025-09-28 19:22:10+00:00
I spend more time thinking now that I use Claude Code. I write features that are often 400-600 word descriptions of what I want—-something I never would’ve done beforehand.

That thinking does result in some big tradeoffs…I generally get better results faster but I also have a less complete understanding of my code.

But the notion that Claude Code means an experienced developer spends less thinking carefully is simply wrong. It’s possible (even likely) that a lot of people are using agents poorly…but that isn’t necessarily the agent’s fault.
by lukaslalinsky | 2025-09-28 19:22:25+00:00
I'm not sure where is the misunderstanding but your second paragraph is exactly why I ask AI the questions you question in the first paragraph. I ask the AI to do the domain research, see what we are starting from and THEN ask it to think about a feature. They are not really for me, they are for the AI to have good context what we are working on. As you said, the implementation is then almost trivial and the AI is less likely to mess it up.
by OutOfHere | 2025-09-28 19:22:36+00:00
> Seeing someone improve after taking antibiotics is not indicative of them having an infection

It could be. It is also not indicative of them not having an infection. It just depends.

As per my limited understanding, anti-inflammatory antibiotics are more relevant for respiratory and auto-immune conditions, not too broadly otherwise. If the source of the inflammation is not treated, the temporary reduction in inflammation is pointless because the inflammation will return.
by multjoy | 2025-09-28 19:22:37+00:00
That’s because Palestine Action are a proscribed group.

Whether or not the proscription was correct is irrelevant, the current law means that you commit the same offence showing support for IS or the Terrorgram Collective.

The police can’t simply ignore one proscribed group over another as that leads to all manner of weird and wacky outcomes.
by Bender | 2025-09-28 19:22:43+00:00
What would restoring the Scottish monarchy mean to you?

Fully reclaim Scotland's historical sovereignty, create a clear and distinct break with the rest of the United Kingdom and breaking English narratives.

My first act as king would be to build hundreds of underground nuclear and geothermal power plants, sever all connections to England, build massive data-centers and under ground cities to wait out WWIII. I would also build a giant rollar coaster than spans the entire country, under ground with trippy visual effects and stops at numerous malls, coffee shops and other amusement destinations. I would run under ground fiber to every location on earth as well as high speed transport tubes, 90% of which would arrive at secret locations around the world. One never knows where the Scots will appear. I would fund all of this pissing away the gold and gems using the wealth of the English crown. Every home would have free 400gb/s IPv6 internet. Oh and I would purchase and relocate every private military contractor from the USA into Scotland. My military would be entirely private and for-profit. We would fund our operations by siphoning processed fuel, oil and other resouces from other nations pipes via our underground tunnels. Immigration policy will be an app that only citizens of Scotland may utilize to swipe left or right on applicants. The app may also be used to eject existing people. That's Q1. Q2 through Q4 would be extending the borders of the nation to include the entire land mass under every ocean and growing the population to 10 billion from weekend orgies.
by mhotchen | 2025-09-28 19:22:44+00:00
It almost feels predestined for this to not solve the problems at hand, overrun on costs and timelines (furthering the first point), in no way streamline existing processes or cut costs, leave behind parts of society, and present security vulnerabilities that can be capitalised on through either social engineering or malware (also furthering the first point, only now citizens will be accused of tax fraud)

I hate to be pessimistic and there are elements of the idea I like, but when reflecting on the issues at hand this feels like popping the toaster because you smell burnt toast, but the rest of the house is on fire
by notatoad | 2025-09-28 19:23:08+00:00
>Well, apparently all these operating systems have decided that no, users are too dumb and they cannot possibly understand what alphabetical order means.

i really really hate this framing, and i see it far too often. no, the operating system developers did not make a value judgement about their users. they observed their users to find out what behaviour was expected, and they designed the behaviour of the system to match the behaviour that the majority of users expect.

and then you made an incorrect assumption about how the system works, and decided that your incorrect assumption means everybody else is dumb and you're the only smart person in this situation?
by jmcodes | 2025-09-28 19:23:08+00:00
So this is a first pass to capture the workflow part (mix code and MCP calls).

The fetch code isn't any better than the tool code I agree, but typescript code is more common so I'd guess this would be too?

But anyway I think the real power comes with the type-safety part that I left out this morning (working on it now). From what I understand Cloudflare is essentially generating an SDK for the LLM to write code against.

Instead of writing that fetch call. The LLM would generate

``` const redditResults = await redditMCP_getTopPosts(subreddit); const insertMutation = await duckdb_Insert("SQL STUFF", redditResults.map(...)); const results = await duckDb_Query(args: duckDb_QueryArgs); return resultsInSomeNiceFormat; ```

Where the method names come from the MCP server tools, and the argument types are autogenerated from the MCP schemas themselves.

No idea if this is a valuable workflow or not personally. I just thought it was cool and wanted to tinker with it.
by AlienRobot | 2025-09-28 19:23:14+00:00
>Understanding the target audience for your product results in very different design decisions

This is an excuse. Just add an option to sort both ways. It isn't hard.

There is no target audience in this planet that benefits from less options or less features. Even if you had the features under an "advanced mode" UI that's still a better software than not having the feature in first place.

Have people forgotten the 80/20 rule? Most features will be used by only a small slice of users, that doesn't mean they're out of scope.

Sorry, I'm just kind of exhausted of software not being able to do the most obvious things because it didn't align to some perfect vision of how the user should be.
by MontyCarloHall | 2025-09-28 19:23:25+00:00
Even if you exclude the three mobile CPUs in the charts (the 2012 i5, the 2015 i7, and the 2023 i9 NUC), the results still hold.

>If you compare a 100W CPU and a 30W CPU that's a couple of years newer, you shouldn't be surprised there isn't much of a difference in performance

Sure, but this is over a lot more than a couple years. I'd expect a 2023 mobile i9 to be considerably more than twice as fast as a 2007 desktop Core 2 Duo.
by AlecSchueler | 2025-09-28 19:23:53+00:00
Does anyone else feel like there are actors now trying to manufacture consent for a war with Russia? For as long as I can remember there have been things like fighter jets at the borders and we scramble ours to intercept etc, and before Russian media was blocked here they used to report the we were regularly doing the same. It was never really headline news, even after the war in Ukraine really got going

But now that the US has become an unreliable partner and the EU is talking about the need for increased cooperation suddenly they exact same stories become big news and ministers use it as examples of our complacency, when two years ago they would have said it's nothing to worry about.

And indeed now I see it shared all over social media with more and more "people" calling for harder responses, a single EU military, even outright declarations of war against Russia.
by jama211 | 2025-09-28 19:23:56+00:00
One way or another, many of us are in agreement the company screwed up and it’s on them to fix it - whether that’s their marketing, their manual, their lack of over voltage protection, whatever it is it’s their fault.

Yet so many people in this thread are so keen to blame the customer, it’s pure ego from them. “I’m too smart for that to happen, so it’s all their fault!” they sneer. Classic bad faith forum behaviour…
by sdenton4 | 2025-09-28 19:24:40+00:00
Yep, makes sense - conversion to text and then aligning the text with the audio is a very reasonable way to handle large volumes of speech data. For bioacoustics, we tend to have a loooooot of variation for which there is no real notation, and which may be from areas where we haven't seen much training data, or on taxa where we don't have lots of scientists (eg, insects). So working with the raw audio embeddings tends to be best.
by OptionOfT | 2025-09-28 19:24:52+00:00
I'm Belgium this rental tax is the same. You're taxed on the hypothetical rent income.

But... this is based on values of either in the 90s, or 70s.

I remember because the hypothetical income (on a yearly basis) for our 2016 new build was €1,200. Remember, income, not profit.

You couldn't rent a place within 5 miles that was below €1,000 per month.
by 3eb7988a1663 | 2025-09-28 19:25:11+00:00
I think Statistical Rethinking [0] is a far more approachable first entry. The author posts his video lectures on Youtube which are excellent and should be watched with the book. The book gets way less into the mathematical weeds than other texts, so a working statistician would require something deeper.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_Rethinking
by mothballed | 2025-09-28 19:25:53+00:00
There are a few kinds of private roads

-public access private easements (my road)

-public access non easement (grocery store parking lot, cost amortized by customers)

-toll road (some highways, etc)

-completely private road (only owner uses it, i.e. private farm road)

Only the first of those has the potential for the kind of abuse you mention, I think, because it mimics the government kind of road in some ways where the maintenance costs aren't captured at the point of use. If it gets bad enough charging $0 you might need switch to some other kind of private road.

In any case this isn't nearly as bad as the tragedy of the commons situation if it is a government road, I think, at least as implemented. Our county roads have a tragedy of the commons situation where you could use the road and then some totally unrelated grandma gets dragged out of her house for not paying for it, despite the fact she's never even been on the road -- to me that seems strictly worse "tragedy of the commons" than even the public access private easement because at least under the private easement I can't initiated violence on unrelated persons for other people using the road.

It would seem quite hypocritical (and ironic) indeed to me for proponents of public roads to damn private roads under the idea of tragedy of the commons, so I'm not sure it's a valid indictment here that the tragedy of the commons is somehow becoming even more unsolved when roads are privatized.
by alephnerd | 2025-09-28 19:26:04+00:00
> For as long as I can remember there have been things like fighter jets at the borders and we scramble ours to intercept

Russian air assets never crossed NATO airspace until this September, and the last time the Zapad exercises were held, Ukraine was invaded within months.

As such, most European nations are on extreme edge right now for a possible escalation.
by bccdee | 2025-09-28 19:26:19+00:00
> There's literally nothing about the process that forces you to skip understanding.

There's nothing about C that "forces" people to write buffer overflows. But, when writing C, the path of least resistance is to produce memory-unsafe code. Your position reminds me of C advocates who say that "good developers possess the expertise and put in the effort to write safe code without safeguards," which is a bad argument because we know memory errors do show up in critical code regardless of what a hypothetical "good C dev" does.

If the path of least resistance for a given tool involve using that tool dangerously, then it's a dangerous tool. We say chefs should work with sharp knives, but with good knife technique (claw grip, for instance) safety is the path of least resistance. I have yet to hear of an LLM workflow where skimming the generated code is made harder than comprehensively auditing it, and I'm not sure that such a workflow would feel good or be productive.
by kouru225 | 2025-09-28 19:26:34+00:00
This has some serious bugs.

I just tried to play 2.16 is the group alive. It told me I was wrong for saying black was alive when it clearly had two eyes.

Then I tried 2.17 and it showed me a screen of a black formation that has two eyes, but then says "White to play. Make two eyes." This is clearly the wrong prompt for this board. Not only is the color wrong, but the formation already has two eyes so I don't know what you want me to do here.
by jmull | 2025-09-28 19:26:45+00:00
> There's a divide between people who enjoy the physical experience of the work and people who enjoy the mental experience of the work.

Pretty clearly that’s not the divide anyone’s talking about, right?

Your argument should maybe be something about thinking about the details vs thinking about the higher level. (If you were to make that argument, my response would be: both are valuable and important. You can only go so far working at one level. There are certainly problems that can be solved at one level, but also ones that can’t.)
by mschuster91 | 2025-09-28 19:26:55+00:00
Maybe it would be a good idea to at least add a pair of MOSFETs (one for each rail, + and -) and a voltage meter? Like, the voltage doesn't rise to maximum instantaneously, there should be ample of time to detect voltage rising to a critical amount.

So say, the input is rated for 150V, spec the components to sustain 180V, and trigger the MOSFETs to disconnect the panels at > 160V.

And maybe also add a big ass buffer capacitor, that can be used to soak up a bit more energy in the case of an inrush spike before the MOSFETs actually disconnect.
by danaris | 2025-09-28 19:27:06+00:00
The really rough part is that while the Democratic Party in the US is a weak slightly-left-of-center party, the Labour Party in the UK is basically a right-of-center party with decreasing amounts of daylight between them and the Tories.

In particular, there is no major political party in the UK that supports trans rights, which is devastating to that community there.

(On the plus side, so far as I can tell, with the Reform party to absorb the true fascists, there are fewer of them in the two major parties in the UK. ...With the downside being that Reform is doing distressingly well these days.)
by BeetleB | 2025-09-28 19:27:24+00:00
> I feel that Sagan's ultimate goal is to foster skepticism (or at least a refined version thereof),

I agree, yet I will note that he goes out of his way in the book to label skepticism and then criticize it. He did not wish to be thought of as a skeptic. The Descartes quote is in the book as well.

Put another way: He was a skeptical person, but he did not ascribe to "skepticism".

One thing I was pleasantly surprised to find in the book was an inclination to believe certain things to be true that many skeptics will refuse to entertain due to the lack of evidence. The only example I can recall was that back (and other) pain is often entirely psychosomatic. He didn't invoke John Sarno, but he showed clear openness to believing it. It wasn't a simple "I must have an open mind, so I must consider this as a possibility", but an actual assertion of his belief in it given recent findings. He gives a rationale on why it is a reasonable thing to believe.

(Sidenote: I have a lot of pain, and Sarno's approach did nothing for me)
by cool_cherry | 2025-09-28 19:27:44+00:00
Different systems have different approaches. If you're a voter, you can use your web browser's developer tools to see what's going on, and part of my research is essentially doing that with systems like this.

With one Ontario online voting system used by dozens of municipalities, your choice is sent via a form submission (POST) to the server. The POST contains your choice in its body (in plain text) and your browser also sends a cookie/authorization header which contains a token which was generated by the server and given to the client when the client logged in with the PIN/birthday. In that case, the online voting system could identify you and who you voted for at the time the request is made (they receive both the authorization token linked to your identity and the vote in the same request). The vendors then takes procedural steps to then separate you from your vote, and the elections authority running the election receives a report of the totals (but not who each voter voted for) from the vendor.

However, other systems are a bit more complicated. They'll serve you client-side javascript which does cryptography with your PIN / voting choice such that you can prove to the server you are authorized and made a valid vote, but the server can't link your vote to your identity. Then there's a lot of stuff that happens to mix votes together before they are unsealed and counted. I'm not a cryptographer, so I can't give you the best explanation off the dome.

The Swiss system does try to do something that looks like the latter approach, and they hire cryptographers and security professionals (and have public testing) to ensure the system's design meets requirements for ballot secrecy and if the implementation is correct.

There's a video about how ballot secrecy is ensured with the Swiss system which you can watch at this link:

https://digital-solutions.post.ch/en/e-governmenthttps/digit...
by jama211 | 2025-09-28 19:27:53+00:00
You’re not supposed to zero in on the ways in which an analogy doesn’t apply. You’re simply supposed to read the analogy in order to see what it’s attempting to _highlight_ about the scenario.

This is a common pet peeve of mine, people not understanding how analogies are supposed to work and getting distracted by the differences. They’re supposed to work like a light filter placed over a lens, something will be highlighted and focus on that, don’t focus on the fact that “but all the colours are different now!”, the only purpose of using the light filter was to highlight a specific part of the image, the fact that it also coloured everything wrong temporarily is supposed to be ignored.

You know, just to use an analogy to explain analogies. Gotta be as meta as possible.
by yonran | 2025-09-28 19:27:55+00:00
A sad development. At least in the US, the fact that rent is taxable income to the landlord but imputed rent is untaxed is a regressive tax break for property owners (and was apparently a mistake of the original Form 1040; see Lawrence Zelenak, “The Early Income Tax and the Imputed Rental Income of Homeowners” https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108377157.008). I wonder what convinced majority-renter Swiss voters to enact such a tax break?
by Etheryte | 2025-09-28 19:28:15+00:00
Having a vulnerability is very different to getting hacked though. To date, there hasn't been a single breach of Estonia's ID system itself as far as I know, correct me if I'm wrong? And that's saying something given the adversary is Russia. Reading through your link, the leaked pictures incident was a separate external service that's not tied to the ID system itself.