MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by privatelypublic | 2025-09-15 06:40:14+00:00
Thats comically wrong. Human Resting metabolism is on the order of 20grams of CO2/hr.

See: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036013232...

As for a kilo of gas per 10 miles- see https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline - says 0.71-0.77g/mL, standard conversion table says 3.785L per gallon. (https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/volume-units-converter-d_...), and finally- since we're comparing burning gas for a car vs using it in plastic: the figure of merit is petroleum usage, not greenhouse gas emission. Technically, plastic and gasoline aren't going to be 1:1. But that's not napkin math anymore unless you're a petroleum engineer/chemist.
by OgsyedIE | 2025-09-15 06:40:42+00:00
You can only get 12,000! concepts if you pair each concept with an ordering of the dimensions, which models do not do. A vector in a model that has [weight_1, weight_2, ... weight_12000] is identical to the vector [weight_2, weight_1, ..., weight_12000] within the larger model.

Instead, a naive mental model of a language model is to have a positive, negative or zero trit in each axis: 3^12,000 concepts, which is a much lower number than 12000!. Then in practice, almost every vector in the model has all but a few dozen identified axes zeroed because of the limitations of training time.
by sircastor | 2025-09-15 06:41:07+00:00
Since all our local markets have introduced handheld scanners, I don't even bring my bags in. I put everything in the cart barcode up, get to the checkout, scan everything, pay, and go.

When I get to the car I unload into the bags. I'm sure it's not a thing for everyone, but I feel like I'm cutting out a fair bit of shuffling.
by chrismorgan | 2025-09-15 06:42:19+00:00
It’s enabled in Firefox (pref security.OCSP.enabled defaults to 1¹), but not forced (pref security.OCSP.require defaults to false²). I believe Safari behaves the same way.

—though I’m not sure how this fits in with https://hacks.mozilla.org/2025/08/crlite-fast-private-and-co... which said “we will be disabling OCSP for domain validated certificates in Firefox 142”. This is a stunningly fuzzy area where the true and accurate information is difficult to come by.

—⁂—

¹ https://searchfox.org/firefox-main/source/modules/libpref/in.... Actually, on Android it defaults to 2, which skips OCSP on DV certificates, which is almost all these days.

² https://searchfox.org/firefox-main/source/modules/libpref/in...
by crossroadsguy | 2025-09-15 06:42:34+00:00
I mean there's a Free Plan which is the only one available to be used and it has no "reply from alias" feature.

Then there's "Email Protection" which has reply from alias feature, doesn't show any billing. Two other plans with "billed monthly". But all three are still on "Join the Waitlist". Maybe it's not released in my geography yet.

https://i.postimg.cc/FsndSJm5/temp-Image-Vp5r-HT.avif
by Joel_Mckay | 2025-09-15 06:42:45+00:00
The cons play the statistics, and usually target people that have other issues in their life. One kind lady we knew had early Alzheimer's disease, and they still ran a crypto investor scam and fake police funds recovery con. Yes, the scams actually work on smart people too sometimes...

It is not about education or IQ level, but rather if cons target someone currently vulnerable. Note: the 7 spear-phishers on YC are rather obvious in an attempt to avoid IT people. =3
by apparent | 2025-09-15 06:43:20+00:00
Agreed, but you claimed above that:

> I garuntee a box mix will make a much better cake than "from scratch" unless you are very experienced.

That is simply untrue. It does not take an experienced baker to make a better cake than a boxed cake mix. The fact that you can avoid the other weird ingredients (which are probably not terrible at small scale) is just the icing on the cake.
by globular-toast | 2025-09-15 06:44:19+00:00
In the UK we eat pancakes (crêpes) once a year (for some reason). It takes me no more than five minutes to make the batter from scratch. I do it the night before so it's ready to go, but you don't have to. I use one bowl. I imagine if you did it more frequently you'd become even more efficient than I am.
by noduerme | 2025-09-15 06:45:14+00:00
This is a great perspective.

If anything, I'd think that crypto in 2010 had all the hallmarks of a new wave as described. The concept was open to anyone who wanted to tinker with it. It had to be sold to skeptical consumers by wildcat startups. It certainly had the potential to upend the financial industry, but no incumbent would touch it. Yet it did end up more or less being sucked into the gravity well of the incumbents, although in the case of crypto we very much need to consider governments which control the money supply to be the heavyweights, even more so than banks and lenders.

Maybe I'm pessimistic, but I'm not sure any new innovation now can escape the gravitational nexus of the duopoly of government and incumbent tech, in a way that would lead to the kind of wild growth and experimentation we had with microprocessors in the 70s.

We had some guy named Satoshi write a paper that basically handed the keys to anyone who wanted to experiment - and 17 years later, after a significant bubble, that wave has done very little to change the status quo.

I suppose if someone released a DIY genome editor or protein folding was solved or, like, a working Mr. Fusion device showed up on Kickstarter, or a "feed"/"seed" a la the Diamond Age made it possible to turn dirt into anything you wanted, or a FTL drive came out of someone's garage or something... yeah. That would seriously upset the incumbents. But even with sci-fi stuff like that, what's the moat once you make your findings public anymore? This article suggests that the only serious moat has ever been that large companies are slowed down by inertia and take some time to spin up once their internal cultures go from deriding something to deciding it's essential.

How do we know if we have stalled to the point that no one will come along and be the next Amazon or Google, until 50 years from now we see that no one did?
by dariosalvi78 | 2025-09-15 06:45:30+00:00
I live in Sweden and I am not a Swede, so I read this country with from an outsider prospective but I am no historian either. From my observations and from I have been reading, Sweden has always had small, low density population living in a harsh environment. A centralised government was an effective way to gain efficiency, and it has historically had much less friction than in other places where other forms of power were more solidified. Socialist Sweden in the 30s and 40s was pretty much as totalitarian as other countries in Europe, but as they did not participate in the war, they have always seen themselves as the "good guys". No point of rupture, as it happened in Germany for example, very little self-criticism. To these days Swedes have very little discussion about what does not work in their country, they just assume that they live in the best place ever and that someone will take care of the problems. They have complete trust in authorities, which is good for many reasons, but it's also often blind and lenient even in front of quite obvious inefficiencies or abuses of power.

For reference of discussion in Sweden see https://chatcontrol.se/ (in Swedish). Social democrats and Christian democrats are the ones who seem to be more supportive of this law.
by js8 | 2025-09-15 06:45:30+00:00
It's not correct to call them orthogonal because I don't think the definition is a dot product. But that aside, yes, orthogonal basis can only have as much elements as dimensions. The article also mentions that, and then introduces "quasi-orthogonality", which means dot product is not zero but very small. On bitstrings, it would correspond to overlap on only small number of bits. I should have been clearer in my offhand remark. :-)
by vhantz | 2025-09-15 06:45:46+00:00
> model real behavior without the unwanted effects.

That's how I was looking at this since that's the experience I've had with mocks. For example, mocking an API to test a library that uses that API without incurring the real usage costs everytime the tests are ran. Going back over the github again, I can see this being useful if you have to fake a lot of APIs. Though my personal preference would always be to limit mocks as much as possible even with that framework available.
by balamatom | 2025-09-15 06:46:40+00:00
yes! i think we also need to keep reminding people that discovery is not an euphemism for advertisement. and if they expect it to be this passive, detached process of being told what the good shit is and then fed it, then they're part of the problem.

i've had good experiences with discovery on decentralized platforms. it's proceeded by means totally unlike advertisement, hmm, i wonder if anyone remembers what those were?

what i find funnier is how the platforms that have actual content hate crypto, and the platforms that have crypto ... i'm not sure if they even remember what "content" was. that ain't a way to starve youtubers, it's the exact opposite. shame.
by Freak_NL | 2025-09-15 06:47:46+00:00
> […] in MKS units, preferring mass, when possible, over volume.

I can imagine the chagrin. Americans tend to measure a lot in cups, tablespoons, and teaspoons. Anyone who uses recipes from all over the world would be well advised to simply get a set of cups (get one that stacks the 1, ¾, ½, ⅓, ¼ measures etc. as a Matroska doll) and a ring of measuring spoons.

I hope you didn't take away her Fahrenheits too — nonsensical as they are to the rest of the world.
by wizardforhire | 2025-09-15 06:48:26+00:00
Good point, thats how I feel about to do lists most of the time.

I think the key insight you make is recognizing that attempting to do two things at the same time is asking for disaster. Concurrency in my experience is all about rhythm and timing… something humans in their default state are notoriously bad at ie without training and practice. The best approach in my experience is doing one thing at a time with focus and conviction until completion, then move on to the next thing. If concurrency is desired then understanding duration and prioritizing items via dependencies is of utmost prudence. But paraphrasing Michel de Montaigne… something something about something
by matheusmoreira | 2025-09-15 06:49:02+00:00
He speaks of democracy but rules through the unelected supreme court. Every time his party is defeated democratically, they bring it to the supreme court and they force it through. Our representatives blocked his attempt to raise taxes and the supreme court raised them on his behalf. The only reason they don't dissolve these expensive institutions is they let him pretend that this country is a democracy.

He speaks of sovereignty despite being a pro-crime socialist and globalist. It was under his party's 20+ year rule that drug trafficking organized crime gangs came to dominate over a quarter of our territory, create a parallel state, pull off a stealth secession and infiltrate society and even the official government at every level. He makes a show of not submitting to the USA and then turns around and kowtows to China. He openly disdains the military, nationalism and the very concept of arming and defending oneself, then he turns around and starts speaking of sovereignty as if he had nuclear weapons to deter adversaries with.

The sheer dishonesty, the sheer number of contradictions in this delusional communist's politics is enough to test my sanity. I feel like I'm being gaslit.
by another_twist | 2025-09-15 06:49:10+00:00
I mean honestly my question is why should I bother ?

Java has memory safety and near native performance, the only thing going on for Rust is fearless concurrency which is a USP I think but not enough for me to bother learning its complicated syntax. Had I been unbelievably productive in that language, that would have sealed the deal completely. But alas.
by donw | 2025-09-15 06:49:43+00:00
I can think of a couple of factors.

One, there's a big urban/non-urban split in American culture. The former are far less likely to know anything about working on cars, nor are they likely to have a friend or uncle that can help.

That cohort is very over-represented on HN.

Second, there's a lot of shady stuff happening in the used car market, and you really do need to be on top of things to not get scammed. We're talking that's absolutely illegal, but also difficult and expensive to enforce, so if you get stuck on the wrong end of a deal, you're just going to eat those costs.
by stabbles | 2025-09-15 06:49:46+00:00
For Python (or PyPI) this is easier, since their data is available on Google BigQuery [1], so you can just run

SELECT * FROM `bigquery-public-data.pypi.distribution_metadata` ORDER BY length(version) DESC LIMIT 10

The winner is: https://pypi.org/project/elvisgogo/#history

The package with most versions still listed on PyPI is spanishconjugator [2], which consistently published ~240 releases per month between 2020 and 2024.

[1] https://console.cloud.google.com/bigquery?p=bigquery-public-...

[2] https://pypi.org/project/spanishconjugator/#history
by jackstraw42 | 2025-09-15 06:50:05+00:00
> The US is being left behind, by its own self sabotage.

Is self-sabotage what it is? To me it seems so intentional it's hard to call sabotage. As an American I can only assume that you are thinking these people are making innocent mistakes? It's not entirely their fault they're being manipulated, but it is their fault they're being driven by some core hatred for an other.
by rossant | 2025-09-15 06:50:21+00:00
Tangential, but the ChatGPT vibe of most of the article is very distracting and annoying. And I say this as someone who consistently uses AI to refine my English. However, I try to avoid letting it reformulate too dramatically, asking it specifically to only fix grammar and non-idiomatic parts while keeping the tone and formulation as much as possible.

Beyond that, this mathematical observation is genuinely fascinating. It points to a crucial insight into how large language models and other AI systems function. By delving into the way high-dimensional data can be projected into lower-dimensional spaces while preserving its structure, we see a crucial mechanism that allows these models to operate efficiently and scale effectively.
by rafark | 2025-09-15 06:50:22+00:00
> What feature does it offer that other scripting languages don't?

It has pretty much the best type support of all other similar languages (typescript is a different category). It also has the best implementation of class-based object oriented features (interfaces, classes, abstract classes, etc). These features are incredible for designing OO systems from scratch. The only big feature missing is generics.
by geokon | 2025-09-15 06:50:33+00:00
> teach compiler development with

Not trying to be confrontational, genuinely curious.. but why is this an area where you'd want a DSL?

My initial reaction is : When I'm learning a topic, the last thing I want to be worrying about is learning the ergonomics of a new language

I'm guessing there's a good rational I'm missing

it'd be nice to see some piece of compiler related code in this language that'd be ugly in a general purpose language
by fergie | 2025-09-15 06:52:16+00:00
> I’d actually love to see something that goes in the opposite direction, highly optimized and compiled, where the result is as small, fast, and efficient as possible

Right, but that is what basically every JS framework is going for these days. Its refreshing to see somebody trying to go back to old school non-compiled js/html where every front-end is open-source(ish)
by magicalhippo | 2025-09-15 06:52:31+00:00
I'm just a casual Linux enjoyer. From what I can see, the FHS states[1] the following for the /usr/sbin/ directory:

This directory contains any non-essential binaries used exclusively by the system administrator.

The only interpretation that makes sense to me is that the /usr/sbin/ directory should only contain executables which cannot be run as non-root at all.

So if a non-root user can launch the executable in any way that does not fail due to lack of root privileges, it's not exclusively for the system administrator and should go in /usr/bin/.

Again that's the only interpretation that makes any sense to me. And it would lead to executables potentially moving between them as they gain or lose non-root capabilities.

As such, it might make one wonder what the separation is for, and think the Fedora approach of just merging /usr/sbin/ into /usr/bin/ makes sense.

[1]: https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch04s10.htm...
by demarq | 2025-09-15 06:52:34+00:00
> round people who were good with their hands, but in my mind buying a used car isn't a scary matter - you visit the private seller, you look at the vehicle, you check for the things one needs to check for, and you know if it has problems or not.

This has nothing to do with America. The rest of the world has this problem too. Not everyone is a mechanic outside of America.
by zikani_03 | 2025-09-15 06:54:15+00:00
I am working on a tool[1] to try to make working with playwright a bit more ergonomic and approachable. Sorry to shamelessly plug but I'd love feedback on if it is even a good idea/direction.

Hadn't considered the Page Object Model and will definitely have to consider how to incorporate that for those who want to do things that way.

---

1: https://github.com/zikani03/basi
by close04 | 2025-09-15 06:54:46+00:00
It’s the optics part that breaks the camel’s back. Any decent car goes from A to B. Only expensive cars have the “optics”. The car is a status symbol that carries you around, and the poorest are the most “vulnerable” to need such a status symbol to compensate.

It mirrors perfectly the luxury fashion industry where more branded merchandise is bought by broke people than by rich ones (unbranded luxury goods are a different beast).
by ikurei | 2025-09-15 06:55:14+00:00
The main thing keeping me from trying out Omarchy is the pain of setting up multiple displays. I haven't tried Hyprland, but whenever I've tried a non-mainstream desktop/wm in Linux that was the worst, especially if your setup changes often (as in, you have a laptop and move around and plug it in different places).

May be that just means I'm not enough of a tinkerer for these setups.

Is it a hard problem to remember more than one configuration and link them to the displays connected to your computer? Or is it just that Omarchy users really don't mind editing monitor.conf[1] often?

[1]: https://learn.omacom.io/books/2/pages/86
by contrarian1234 | 2025-09-15 06:55:54+00:00
I'm not sure why you're summarizing what's explained in the video.

It's clear PFAS contains chemicals that are likely dangerous (like C8) and chemicals that are likely not - like Teflon. So, unless I'm misunderstanding, as an umbrella term for dangerous chemicals it's useless from the get go.

I understand the potential danger of C8 and similar acids.. it's explained in detail. But the part that's not explained is why is it in final consumer products. It seems like a chemical that only forms a step in the processes of making Teflon (and I'm guessing other similar products). Is the problem they were just dumping it into the soil at the plant? How is it getting to polar bears? (they keep talking about polar bears)
by dns_snek | 2025-09-15 06:55:55+00:00
Vaping causes inflammation, nicotine suppresses the immune system (which is probably pretty bad news for fighting any other diseases), and nicotine cessation has been linked with an increase in development of autoimmune disorders in the 12-24 month period after quitting.

I had elevated white blood cells counts and I developed an autoimmune condition a few months after quitting vaping. I had good health record leading up to it and no family history of any autoimmune disorders. White blood cells eventually normalized but autoimmune is forever, although it's under control and I'm lucky that it was caught early.

In the final ~4 years of vaping I didn't use any flavorings either, just 70/30 mix of VG/PG and nicotine.

It's not terrible as far as vices go, much less harmful than the alternatives, but it's definitely not as harmless as I thought going in. I wish I hadn't started and went for the ADHD assessment right away instead of subconsciously self-medicating with nicotine.
by Aerroon | 2025-09-15 06:56:12+00:00
The Data Retention Directive was passed in 2006 by the EU. It was law of the land for almost a decade:

>According to the Data Retention Directive, EU member states had to store information on all citizens' telecommunications data (phone and internet connections) for a minimum of six months and at most twenty-four months, to be delivered on demand to police authorities.

>Under the directive, the police and security agencies would have been able to request access to details such as IP addresses and time of use of every email, phone call and text message sent or received. There was no provision in the directive that permission to access the data must be confirmed by a court. On 8 April 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union declared the Directive invalid in response to a case brought by Digital Rights Ireland against the Irish authorities and others because blanket data collection violated the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, in particular the right of privacy enshrined in Article 8(1).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Retention_Directive
by ChiefNotAClue | 2025-09-15 06:56:41+00:00
You can, but it's usually a larger difference. A car that might be negotiated down to $5k or $6k on the private market, will probably be at $9k-$10k on the dealer lot. Plus they'll tack on document fees, and so on. In the end, you might be looking at paying double what you would otherwise for cars in similar shape and mileage.
by sunrabbit | 2025-09-15 06:56:45+00:00
Previously, it was controlled by kingship Now, we suppress freedom under the pretext of safety.

If you have read "1984", the story is fast.

I'm a korean, And a fake news censorship law has been drafted here. When We asked what the standard of fake was, the answer came back that "it was not important".

It's actually the case. Because they already have standards.
by AlecSchueler | 2025-09-15 06:58:19+00:00
> you're attempting to point to a hive mind like it's the only pertinent topic when it comes to cognition of bees, as if testing for cognitive capabilities of individuals was a misunderstanding

I'm not at all. I only responded to the questions "is a hive mind a thing, had anyone even studied that?" which is a Yes, and "why would they study the hive mind, isn't studying the individual enough?" for which I gave one potential reason to do so. I never suggested that studying the individuals was insufficient or that I took any issue with the study as it was conducted, I only answered these questions.

> Crowds of people, as an average, are more accurate at guessing the number of beans in a jar at a county fair than individual people, but not because there's such a thing as cognition manifesting at the group level in any literal sense.

Sure but if someone asked you "is there any point in studying group dynamics when you could just study individuals" you could still give a good argument for it right?
by contrarian1234 | 2025-09-15 06:58:39+00:00
So the problem isn't PFAS or Teflon. It's the dumping of intermediary chemicals during manufacturing? This is the part that just comes off as fear mongering

How is the PFOA ending up in food? Is it from contaminated groundwater near the plant? Isn't the solution to not consumer agricultural products from that limited area?

And.. how is it ending up in polar bears?

The video just seems sensationalist. Somme chemical use in a step to make teflon is pretty toxic.. big surprise. But then it's ending up everywhere... somehow? And it's never really explained. But lots of hangwringing