MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by magnio | 2025-09-07 17:33:37+00:00
My first exposure to the expression problem is the book Crafting Interpreters, Section 5.3.1,[1] which is very similar to the GP comment. The subsection is a short few paragraphs, with one or two tables for illustration, and it was one of the most eureka moments of my programming career. Ever since then, I see this trade-off everywhere, and I get reminded that engineering is all about finding the best trade-off and that the holy-grail of a perfect language or design is a waste of time.

[1]: https://craftinginterpreters.com/representing-code.html#the-...
by McGlockenshire | 2025-09-07 17:34:06+00:00
Yes, actually, if continuing to run the service is going to exceed my available budget then I do want the service turned off! If I can't pay for it, and I know I can't pay for it, what other possible choice do I have?

Do any of you people have budgets, or do you all rely on the unending flow of VC money?
by Kranar | 2025-09-07 17:34:13+00:00
Nothing you mention is related to this article and neither Rust or C# solve the expression problem.

The expression problem is about being able to extend both data types (new cases) and operations (new functions) without modifying existing code while preserving static type safety.

C#'s extension methods can't be virtual, so you can't use them to actually add any new operations which can be dispatched on. They're just syntactic sugar for adding static methods which in non-OOP languages can be accomplished by declaring a free function.

Rust traits let you add new types (just impl the Trait), but it doesn't let you add new functions, so it doesn't do anything to solve the problem.
by ashray | 2025-09-07 17:34:19+00:00
I have several examples and lots of personal experience. I’ve been asked to go back from Mexico, Brazil, and Chile while traveling there and applying for a visa to Peru. Finally the Peruvian embassy in Chile gave me a visa to visit Peru because I accidentally bumped into the assistant consul.

https://bkpk.me/peru-visa-for-indians/

The San Francisco consulate of India refused to process my spouse’s Indian visa because she was not resident in the US.

https://bkpk.me/how-we-finally-got-zaras-visa-to-india/

Several more examples but in this day and age you can just ask chat gpt to summarize for you. But if you check visa application requirements for many embassies, they will often say: proof of residence if not a national of the country of application. So that’s the requirement often.

I will add though that I’ve always maintained that this is a soft policy and they will make exceptions in some cases. It is mostly consulates wanting to do as little work as humanly possible. So there can be ways to get around it if you can talk to someone in charge. But usually that’s very difficult with consulates.

I’m pretty sure though in the US’ case now it’s a hard no. So there will be no working around it.
by sugarpimpdorsey | 2025-09-07 17:34:25+00:00
> I mean when, for example, you clear out the agriculture workers of the U.S. without any thought as to how or what you are going to do to replace them, well, expect higher grocery prices I guess

Most ag workers are here on... ag work visas. There are processes in place to facilitate this seasonal work.

"No more strawberries/lettuce/etc when you kick out all the illegals!" has been a rallying cry on lefty social media for the last few years and it... hasn't happened?

Turns out assuming all the brown farm workers are here illegally is not only extremely racist but fundamentally a misunderstanding of how the system works.

It's even more puzzling that people are cheering on the false premise of keeping people here in the shadow of the law as indentured servants so they can save 10 cents on tomatoes at the market.
by ozim | 2025-09-07 17:34:49+00:00
I don’t think we are writing about the same book: ”Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software”.

That’s the one I write about, it has foreword from Grady Booch and was tied to OOPSLA meeting with C++ and Smalltalk examples. To add OOP stuff to it sounds like a different book because that book is about OOP by definition.
by adrian_b | 2025-09-07 17:35:10+00:00
The original bipolar variant of NE555 is likely to have a lifetime of many decades, if not more than a hundred years, even when operated continuously in harsh environments.

A modern CMOS microcontroller has a much more limited lifetime. Depending on model, you can hope for 10 years or 20 years, but not much more than that because very small MOS transistors and flash memory cells eventually die, unlike the more robust bipolar ICs (whose active regions are buried in the semiconductor crystal, not located at its surface, like in MOS devices).
by immibis | 2025-09-07 17:35:10+00:00
They worked around this with IPv6 by the fact that SLAAC exists and some devices insist on always using it. Your ISP has to give you at least 64 bits of address space or else some phones won't work on your network. And even if they only give you the bare minimum of 64 bits, you can subdivide it further without SLAAC if you know what you're doing.

Furthermore, the use of privacy addresses obfuscates how many devices you have.
by shrubble | 2025-09-07 17:35:16+00:00
This argument (which I’ve heard many times before) is easily refuted by looking at YouTube videos for “commercial xxx harvesting” where xxx is the vegetable or fruit in question.

For instance the carrot harvester that can harvest tons of carrots each hour: you could pay the driver $126k per year and the carrot price per pound would not even move 2 pennies at retail.
by gruez | 2025-09-07 17:35:17+00:00
>Split it to a point where no one company can own the entire Internet ecosystem. Apply antitrust laws to keep it like this.

Facebook was once small too. Yet people happily signed up, giving up their privacy in the process. What makes you think the remaining companies offering a free browser wouldn't try to monetize users in a similar way? How many people are willing to pay $5/month for a browser?
by paulpauper | 2025-09-07 17:35:39+00:00
family Heirlooms are basically junk as far as resell goes. many are surprised to learn grandma's cutlery or trinkets isn't worth the price paid to apprise it. This goes for collectables in general. People think that if their collectables maybe go up that they made a good deal, but they would have been way better off putting the money in the S&P 500.
by Bender | 2025-09-07 17:35:50+00:00
I was just thinking the same thing. This looks like a healthy dose of intervention. I am biased however in that I believe smaller groups of people should run their own forums and chat servers to slightly minimize the Corporatocracy social manipulation especially before AI gets a strong foothold. Most have a few geeks in their own social circle that can run a tiny forum and chat server. Less birds of a feather [1]

[1] - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3Xxi0b9trY [video][documentary][44 mins]
by ben_w | 2025-09-07 17:35:52+00:00
My undersanding is that Biden's admin estimated 10-11 million undocumented migrants in the USA, and that these migrants represent a critical percentage of some agricultural roles.

It wouldn't simply be higher prices, it would be shortages.

I think there's about 50m or so documented migrants, but as many of the targets at Hyundai were documented but apparently wrong somehow, the USA may find its economy and workforce suffering catastrophic reductions in this term of office, even just from people asking "should I leave on my own terms or risk being thrown out?"
by jonahx | 2025-09-07 17:35:55+00:00
> however a small proportion of moles that look entirely harmless to the naked eye and under the dermatoscope (skin microscope) can be cancerous.

That is very scary.

So the only way to be sure is to have everything sent to the lab. But I'm guessing cost/benefit of that from a risk perspective make it prohibitive? So if you're an unlucky person with a completely benign-presenting melanoma, you're just shit out of luck? Or will the appearance change before it spreads internally?
by isaacremuant | 2025-09-07 17:36:06+00:00
> Anonymity is not a prerequisite to freedom of speech.

That's disingenous bullshit. From the likes of people who use their power imbalance to pretend their propaganda is truth and dissent is dangerous.

"Freedom of speech is ok but what you're doing is different" is the first step

> Broken lives of people harassed by anonymous trolls on social media are the dark side of anonymity.

You only need to pay attention to history to see what political totalitarianism means when there's no anonymity.

It's way worse than online trolls.

> Freedom must be accompanied by responsibility and accountability.

Said the dictator, who was accountable to no one. Those who hold the power shield themselves from accountability and want to use it as an excuse to prevent dissent.
by wutwutwat | 2025-09-07 17:36:21+00:00
The NT kernel does not operate like that, at least not anymore...

The NT kernel originally had Microsoft POSIX subsystem[0], which was discontinued and replaced with Windows Services for UNIX[1], which was then replaced with Windows Subsystem for Linux[2]. WSL has had two versions;

WSL 1 implemented a subset of linux syscalls directly in the windows kernel. This was discontinued and replaced with WSL 2

WSL 2 is running, you guessed it, a linux VM[3]

> The original version, WSL 1, differs significantly from the second major version, WSL 2. WSL 1 (released August 2, 2016), acted as a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables (in ELF format) by implementing Linux system calls in the Windows kernel. WSL 2 (announced May 2019), introduced a real Linux kernel – a managed virtual machine (via Hyper-V) that implements the full Linux kernel. As a result, WSL 2 is compatible with more Linux binaries as not all system calls were implemented in WSL 1.

> Version 2 introduces changes in the architecture. Microsoft has opted for virtualization through a highly optimized subset of Hyper-V features, in order to run the kernel and distributions

> The distribution installation resides inside an ext4-formatted filesystem inside a virtual disk, and the host file system is transparently accessible through the 9P protocol

When you run linux containers on a windows host, you're running those containers inside of a linux vm.

0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem

1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Services_for_UNIX

2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux

3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux#WS...
by wslh | 2025-09-07 17:36:30+00:00
> Garmin’s hardware has always been exceptionally good, given epic battery life

It is good to know the for measuring sleep, which is not a selling point of Garmin, it's far from being as accurate as Oura. But battery life is so incredible that makes you wonder how someone could wear other expensive smart watches (e.g. Apple/Samsung) for physical activities.

> Their software has traditionally been pretty rough. That’s coming from a customer and developer. Mainly that was because they had various software platforms for various families of device, so each feature needed to be built for each family of watch separately.

The software feels like a dumb terminal from the web, it doesn't work right without an Internet connection.
by klondike_klive | 2025-09-07 17:36:37+00:00
This article came at a very apposite time for me, I inherited a lot of family heirlooms and have spent the last three years avoiding doing anything with them, not knowing much about where they came from or why I ended up with them. A lot of glassware and silver plate, some crockery, lamps etc.

In a fit of efficiency (when the ADHD meds kicked in, and after my wife and I getting fed up of having to squeeze past the boxes) I donated about 80% of them. And then three days ago I stumbled across a handwritten codicil to my grandmother's will where she described in painstaking detail the provenance of each piece, what it meant to her and an anecdote or two about it.

I was devastated, for a few different reasons, my grandmother specifically wanted these things to stay in the family and they'd been cherished and preserved, and I'd just given most of them away. These objects are somehow a repository of all these unprocessed feelings I have about family splits and the grief of losing family contact and continuity. And yet before I knew their stories I was judging them simply on how much I liked or didn't like them and how often I could see us using them.

If I'd discovered the codicil beforehand I'd have had a much harder time deciding what to do with it all. It sounds trite but that handwritten document is actually more of a treasure than the objects themselves.
by alethic | 2025-09-07 17:37:11+00:00
It's similar on the surface. Another language, Effekt, does actually use interfaces for their effect declarations rather than having a separate `eff` declaration.

The difference comes in their use. There's two things of note. First, the implementation of an interface is static. It's known at compile time. For any given concrete type, there is at most one implementation of MovieApi. You're using the interface, then, to be generic over some number of concrete types, by way of only specifying what you need. Effect handlers aren't like this. Effect handlers can have many implementations, actually. This is useful in the case of ex. adding logging, or writing tests to simulate I/O without actually doing it, or just having different behavior at different places across the program / call stack...

eff MovieApi { def getPopularMovies(); } def main() { run { println("Alice's movies: ", getPopularMovies()); } with handler MovieApi { def getPopularMovies() = [ "Dr. Strangelove", "Lawrence of Arabia", "The End of Evangelion", "I Saw the TV Glow" ]; } run { println("Bob's movies: ", getPopularMovies()); } with handler MovieApi { def getPopularMovies() = [ "The Magic School Bus: Space Adventures", "Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over", "Twilight: Breaking Dawn: Part II" ]; } }

Second, the effects of effect handlers are not functions. They're under no obligation to "return", and in fact, in many of the interesting cases they don't. The `resume` construct mentioned in the article is a very special construct: it is taking the "continuation" of the program at the place where an effect was performed and providing it to the handler for use. The invocation of resume(5) with a value looks much like a return(5), yes. But: a call to resume 1) doesn't have to happen and the program can instead continue after the handler i.e. in the case of an effectful exception, 2) doesn't have to be invoked and the call to resume can instead be packaged up and thunkified and saved to happen later, and 3) doesn't have to happen just once and can be invoked multiple times to implement fancy backtracking stuff. Though this last one is a gimmick and comes at the cost of performance (can't do the fast call stack memcpy you could do otherwise).

So to answer your question more briefly, effects differ from interfaces by providing 1) a decoupling of implementation from use and 2) the ability to encompass non-local control flow. This makes them not really compete with interfaces/classes even though the syntax may look similar. You'd want them both, and most effectful languages have them both.
by fallpeak | 2025-09-07 17:37:28+00:00
Now do the comparison if one endpoint is realtime user facing traffic and the other is batch processing which can easily eat up all available capacity and drive up latency.

If visa shoppers are overwhelming the normal processing of applicants who actually live in a particular country, it seems entirely appropriate to say "no, sorry, this location isn't for you" to the people who don't live there.
by ACCount37 | 2025-09-07 17:37:34+00:00
A year or so ago, I would have agreed. Not anymore.

Sure, a company can buy Chrome and proceed to sell user browsing habits data to the highest bidder, or use it as a backbone for decentralized scraping - backed by real user data and real residential IPs to fool most anti-scraping checks. But if they fuck with users enough, Chrome would just die off over time, and Firefox or various Chromium forks like Brave would take its place. This already happened to the browsing titan that was IE, and without the entire power of Google to push Chrome? It can happen again.

The alternative is Google owning Chrome for eternity - and proceeding with the most damaging initiatives possible. Right now, Google is seeking to destroy adblocking, tighten the control over the ad data ecosystem to undermine their competitors, and who knows what else they'll come up with next week.
by arcane23 | 2025-09-07 17:37:39+00:00
You missed my point, a simpler hardware/software phone needs less resources to maintain. No eyecandy/cushy features to maintain, security becomes easier to maintain by the community. No constantly added features and gimmicks which break and introduce weak points.

Let's not forget that all these "features" which enable corporations like Google take complete control over the project also end up driving price up, constantly. Cheap phones are a sh*t iteration of more expensive phones, instead of being simpler more basic implementations of must have features without the "quality of life" bloat on the top tier models. They should have a different tier OS rather than the same one.

I would also not make the parallel between comms devices and PCs, they're different beasts.
by estimator7292 | 2025-09-07 17:38:22+00:00
We've been using Hall effect sensors for lid close detection for a long, long time. My thinkpad from 2013 has it halfway down one edge.

If you simply move the sensor (that is already a requirement) closer to the hinge, you can infer angle based on the Hall sensor for free. You can even get special sensors that specifically measure the magnetic field orientation for the same price as the simple type.

Yes, it's completely free with just a very minimal amount of thought put into the design.
by asveikau | 2025-09-07 17:38:24+00:00
I am not sure what you can do without an account, because I created an account on day 1.

It connects to the phone over Bluetooth. Many operations need your phone to have internet. There is a kind of primitive app platform. The only app I really use is for Home Assistant, it makes https requests to HA over the phone. I connected it to Strava too, it can realtime send heart rate to that app without going to the internet, but it required jumping a few hoops in settings.
by toast0 | 2025-09-07 17:38:38+00:00
> Exports were just up.

That's great for you. We (US) messed up worse than I realized.

Your economy will clearly turn out better after this mess (perhaps already), which is great... neighbors helping neighbors and all that. (I don't think we can claim a 3d chess victory of helping the world economy by shooting ourselves in the foot though) I think you would still be better off when the US is not in recession though...

But our economy won't be better off. And even when we eventually return to sanity, we won't be able to return to where we were.

Maybe we can import ketchup and all dressed chips when relations normalize!

> And then some guy shows up and tries to claim we're taking advantage. Huh?! What? You made us take on free trade, forced us to integrate economically, we were worse for it, but.. we're taking advantage??

Yeah... the US clearly benefits from free trade and I don't understand how he thinks we're being taken advantage of by most countries. Like OK, maybe China but it's complicated. Blanket tarrifs are madness, especially when a lot of imports can't be sourced domestically.
by zippyman55 | 2025-09-07 17:38:42+00:00
Heirlooms are one thing but collections of mass produced items are a real drain on children to dispose of. We are working thru my mother in laws storage locker, 30+ yrs in storage, currently $5000/yr. The locker was 10x10 and 100 percent stuffed. To get work room, we rented three lockers to sort the material. We now have one locker with 20 antique clocks, one locker full of porcilin lladros, and another one with furniture. And the original locker is still a challenge. So much of this should never have been acquired. And I still have my parents wedding silverware, 1958, still in the original wrappers.
by wizzwizz4 | 2025-09-07 17:38:57+00:00
That's not what "recipient" means: it's a term of art. If I want the source code to your private fork of my GPL'd software, and I see your old laptop on Craig's List, I can't buy the laptop, recover the undeleted binaries from the hard drive, then sue you for the source; this ruling wouldn't affect that.
by philipkglass | 2025-09-07 17:39:04+00:00
The civilization-enders were in mass production a mere 9 years later:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_17_nuclear_bomb

Mk-17: produced Jul 1954-Nov 1955

No. built: 200

Blast yield: 15 megatonnes of TNT

This is 1000 times the power of the atomic bombs dropped on Japan.

From 1935 to 1955 you could plot "firepower deliverable by a single aircraft" and see a trend that looks a lot like Moore's Law for mass destruction of life and structures.

Edward Teller thought that it was possible to make bombs a thousand times more powerful than the first generation thermonuclear bombs, but fortunately nobody was willing to commit resources to exploring the concept. Merely testing such a bomb on Earth would have been an act of mass destruction.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundial_(weapon)
by neither_color | 2025-09-07 17:39:15+00:00
One thing missing from the public debate and I havent seen any writers I follow bring up:

When US companies first started outsourcing their factories to Korea, China, and other countries, they were doing the exact same thing. They were just flying engineers over on business and tourist visas to jump start factories and train the workers. Typically only long term workers bothered getting bona fide employee visas abroad.

Open any Steve Jobs biography. "Jobs told me to fly to China tonight and deal with the problem"

You think he got a Chinese work visa in one day?

This is hubris-driven rule by law. As Americans we can't fathom a foreign company knowing something we don't. The shoe is on the other foot now. Foreign conglomerates have knowledge and processes and expertise that we dont have. There's literally no pragmatic way for Hyundai to get 300 employees here on short notice. They moved fast and broke things. They did what they thought they had to do to survive in a kafkaesque system.
by ChrisMarshallNY | 2025-09-07 17:39:25+00:00
I heard the story, when I was a kid, but didn't realize that it was what was meant, when used in popular culture. I always thought that it meant establishing a warning threshold for undesirable outcomes.

I enjoyed this reference from the Wikipedia article[0]. Sort of the flip side of the Abilene Paradox[1].

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_action_problem

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abilene_paradox
by benoau | 2025-09-07 17:39:38+00:00
I bet it's a minuscule amount. For a start, all they're shopping for is a shorter delay for the visa interview - maybe that is 1 month instead of 3 - and most people from countries that require visas will already be factoring that duration into their plans.

> how hard is it going to be for a motivated applicant to establish "proof of residence" in an arbitrary country

By residence they mean your legal status is a permanent resident, this is proven with a formal ID like green cards.
by BuildTheRobots | 2025-09-07 17:40:15+00:00
The magnets work too well. Having one Thinkpad Yoga sat on top of another closed Yoga tricks the sensor into thinking it's in tablet mode and it disables the keyboard. I only lost 30min or so trying to work out what was happening...

There's decent reasons to over-engineer some of these sensors so they can't be unduly tricked by external influences.