MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: Moving from Dev to PM
by madmonk | 2025-09-06 07:59:39+00:00
Like many, I'm struggling to find a new role and am thinking it may be time to pursue a new career. I'm kicking around the idea of moving more towards a scrum master / project manager role. Have any of you made the jump and, if so, any recommendations on how to make (or not make) the change?
by npteljes | 2025-09-06 08:00:00+00:00
Justified, in general, looks neater, is more formal, but is a bit more harder to read as well. I personally have no issue with it either way, but to tell you the truth, from a quick check I could not find any website that uses justified text, not even the ones that I think are formal and professional. Reuters, APNews, Wikipedia, Wordpress, Medium, everything I checked is unjustified. So I think it's a conventional default, if nothing else.
by Telemakhos | 2025-09-06 08:00:14+00:00
It seems to be very easy, especially when you have a truck:

> Two men, one with a light strapped to his head, got out. A security camera recorded them pulling out bolt cutters. One man snipped several charging cables; the other loaded them into the truck. In under 2½ minutes, they were gone.

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/amp/nation/thieves-are-taking-e...

I’d categorize using a likely gas-powered truck to steal EV charging cables for $400 worth of copper from some $1000 cables as pretty antisocial. These guys aren’t stealing bread because they’re hungry but easily fenced metal. They just burn off the insulation, so this is hardly deliberate, tedious work: it’s a quick and easy $400.
by Mikhail_Edoshin | 2025-09-06 08:02:17+00:00
But the very title of Codd's paper mentions shared data banks, doesn't it? Concurrent access and thus networking was there from the beginning. One of reasons SQL is the way it is (declarative) is because it shields the user from the underlying concurrency: there is no notion of it at all, to the user things look as if he was the only client of the database, while in reality he's just one of many.
by porridgeraisin | 2025-09-06 08:03:30+00:00
> talent pool

Capital though ;)

[I am a grad student here in reinforcement learning]

Anyways, among all the VC/made-at-home driven snake oil, I'd say you should look at sarvam.ai, they are the most focussed and no-nonsense group. They have a few good from-scratch models (I believe upto 7B or 14B), as well as a few llama finetunes. Their API is pretty good.

The main thing folks here are attempting are to get LLMs good at local indian languages (and I don't mean hindi). I don't think people see a value in creating an "indigenous llama" that doesn't have that property. For this, the main bottleneck is data (relatively speaking, there is zero data in those languages on the internet), so there's a team AI4Bharat whose main job is curating datasets good enough to get stuff like _translation_ and other NLP benchmarks working well. LLMs too, for which they work with sarvam frequently.
by apelapan | 2025-09-06 08:03:57+00:00
There has been plenty of local news about minor fires caused by EV charging in recent years. Usually neither the house nor the car burn to the ground, so won't make national news.

Typical cause seems to be old, worn-out installations or improperly done installations.

Perhaps 999/1000 outlets being able to function safely at rated longterm maximum draw (when there is no obviously visible damage) used to be an acceptable ratio. Doing anything close to maximum draw for long periods and unsupervised was less common.

With EV-charging becoming more common the old standard is no longer good enough. There is too little margin for error and too high likelihood of a situation where error leads to damage.
by aspenmayer | 2025-09-06 08:04:49+00:00
No explanation given for why one should use Privacy Badger over alternatives such as uBlock Origin. No mention of alternatives, pros/cons, or uniqueness at all. This is a promotional post because EFF develops Privacy Badger. What’s more, the author of this piece is a developer of Privacy Badger, but this is not disclosed on the article page. Also, they curiously mention blocking of third party trackers, because Privacy Badger doesn’t block first party trackers, but that latter lack of privacy is never mentioned or addressed.

Consider using uBlock Origin instead.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBlock_Origin
by al_borland | 2025-09-06 08:05:41+00:00
You invented a new form of debt, that’s all this is. Your answer to response #1 sounds like someone doing a balance transfer to lower their interest rate on a credit card. This 30% rate is toxic, I can move it over here and get 18 months at 0%… when that runs out I’ll do it again, and again…

The current system is broken, but there are some simple fixes that could largely resolve it. This token system adds so many layers of complexity, politics, etc. It shifts the student/teacher relationship into a business relationship.

If people say these 18 year olds are signing up for student loans they don’t understand, this is vastly more complicated. While it’s easy to say it’s optional, there is still going to be a feeling of obligation and debt to that teacher. And that teacher is going to have expectations of the student to pay them back for the time invested… the teacher can’t put food on the table with IOUs that may never pay out. It seems like you’re essentially shifting the burden from the student to the teacher in the short term, and the student has no incentive to to lighten that load, beyond guilt, obligation, or to avoid growing resentment from the teacher over wasted time.
by godelski | 2025-09-06 08:05:49+00:00
I just want to make sure I understand this correctly.

Your argument is that this is all fine because it wasn't done by people who were super rich but instead done by people who became super rich and were funded by the super rich?

I just want to check that I have that right. You are arguing that if I'm a successful enough bank robber that this is fine because I pay some fine that is a small portion of what I heisted? I mean I wouldn't have been trafficking humans or doing predatory lending. I was just stealing from the banks and everyone hates the banks.

But if I'm only a slightly successful bank robber stealing only a few million and deciding that's enough, then straight to jail do not pass go, do not collect $200?

It's unclear to me because in either case I create value for the economy as long as I spend that money. Or is the key part what I do what that money? Like you're saying I get a pass if I use that stolen money to invent LLMs?
by gf000 | 2025-09-06 08:07:42+00:00
Amdahl's law was about the potential speedup from going parallel being limited by parts that must be serial. Nothing controversial here - many tasks can be parallelized just fine.

My point is that you often see a simpler algorithm/data structure in C for fear of a memory issue/not getting some edge case right.

What part are you disagreeing with? That parallel code has more gotchas, that make a footgun-y language even more prone to failures?
by aaronmdjones | 2025-09-06 08:08:35+00:00
Yeah, that would be the "error detection at a higher level" (than MD) part. It'd still be on you to pull one drive at a time from the array until the errors go away (then you know which drive has the corrupted block in that stripe, and can remove the mdadm metadata from it and then re-add it to the array so that the kernel forces a clean resync, reconstructing the good block from the parity). Doing the "repair" action in MD would instead rewrite your good parity for now-corrupted data and you would have no means of recovering. MD can't know whether the data is bad or the parity is bad because it doesn't know what the data is supposed to look like; even if btrfs does have a checksum for it, that's on a higher, disconnected layer. All filesystems on top of a parity MD suffer from this same vulnerability; some of them won't even be able to tell you when a file has become corrupted (e.g. FAT32), leading to this corruption being persisted into backups.
by madmoose | 2025-09-06 08:10:00+00:00
I've been slowly reverse engineering Cryo's Dune, coded by Rémi Herbulot in assembler, and the code is both brilliant and insane.

Every function (to the extent that you can call it a function in assembler) is manually tail call optimized, often to the point of just doing fallthrough by placing functions after each other.

All arguments and return values are passed in registers and flags. Sometimes I'm investigating where a pointer in the SI or DI register came from and I'll have to trace back through several function layers that just didn't touch those registers to find the place it was set. When you're looking at a function, all registers and flags are potential return values.

Everything is hardcoded, all the resource id's are fixed, extracting things from the resources files requires that you know what's where. In the file ATTACK, entries 0–52 are sprites, 53-55 are palettes, and he does math on the id's to find the previous/next one (dec/inc).

Some of the resource files are compressed, which you can tell by checksumming the 6 byte header. If the header bytes add to 0xAB and the third byte is zero, it's compressed.

In the video decoder, there are chunks for sound that start with SD, chunks for palette updates that start with PL, and chunks for frame data which are identified by them /not/ having a chunk identifer. That saves a whole 2 bytes per frame!

The globe renderer is a work of art, the room renderer constructs the game backgrounds from sprites, lines and polygons with randomly dithered coloring – although his implementation of the Bresenham line algorithm is slightly broken :). In the CD version the game has lipsync data embedded in the audio files.

I built in 8086 emulator just to help me reverse engineer this game…
by al_borland | 2025-09-06 08:11:04+00:00
I’ve found even giving guidance at this point doesn’t help, as it fundamentally doesn’t get it.

I was down one of these rabbit holes with it once while having it write a relatively simple bash script. Something I had written by hand previously in Python, but wanted a bash version and also wanted to see what AI could do.

It was 98% there, but couldn’t get that last 2% to save its life. Eventually I went through the code myself, found the bug, and I told it exactly what the bug was and where it was at; it was an off-by-one error. Even when spoon feeding it, it couldn’t fix it and I ended up doing it myself just to get it over with.
by Animats | 2025-09-06 08:11:24+00:00
Right. Copying is very fast on modern CPUs, at least up to the size of a cache line. Especially if the data being copied was just created and is in the L1 cache.

If something is const, whether to pass it by reference or value is a decision the compiler should make. There's a size threshold, and it varies with the target hardware. It might be 2 bytes on an Arduino and 16 bytes on a machine with 128-bit arithmetic. Or even as big as a cache line. That optimization is reportedly made by the Rust compiler. It's an old optimization, first seen in Modula 1, which had strict enough semantics to make it work.

Rust can do this because the strict affine type model prohibits aliasing. So the program can't tell if it got the original or a copy for types that are Copy. C++ does not have strong enough assurances to make that a safe optimization. "-fstrict-aliasing" enables such optimizations, but the language does not actually validate that there is no aliasing.

If you are worried about this, you have either used a profiler to determine that there is a performance problem in a very heavily used inner loop, or you are wasting your time.
by Sesse__ | 2025-09-06 08:12:39+00:00
It's true, but for most cases, the volume of a fiber is not the problem anyway. Latency is a problem most of us somehow bump into every day, while most fibers in the ground are nowhere near what you can push out of DWDM (e.g., off-the-shelf equipment will easily allow you to run 20x100Gbit over a single fibre, but many of them only carry a single 10Gbit or even 1Gbit link).

Trans-continental is different, because you'll need amplifiers. Many, many amplifiers in a row. And those generally work well only in a fairly limited band. But unless you're doing submarine, bandwidth is almost never the problem.

To make things worse, a lot of existing medium-haul fiber links are actually twice as long as you'd expect, due to the desire to cancel out dispersion; you first run the fiber e.g. 10km from place to place, and then run it through a large 10km spool (of a slightly different type of fiber) in the datacenter to cancel out the dispersion. This is slowly going away, but only slowly.
by 3np | 2025-09-06 08:12:57+00:00
Not the first time Israel bombs a hospital with large casualties in order to kill journalists. They've being quite brazen about it, too.

https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-strike-gaz...

https://www.thejournal.ie/israel-strikes-gaza-hospital-killi...

Part of a pattern.

https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/12/pattern-isra...
by squigz | 2025-09-06 08:13:02+00:00
I think you're being overdramatic. Googling "loss meme text" brings up a Tumblr post with this exact text - admittedly when you visit the page itself, you get the strikethrough, but if I wanted to share this meme and saw only the text in the Google results, I would share that confident that other people who know the meme would get it. I suspect other people would too.

Why are you getting hung up on Claude's response? How is this an issue with comment culture and not the LLM?
by pumplekin | 2025-09-06 08:13:02+00:00
There is work coming at the IETF to help with this.

- Draft: DELEG (a new way of doing delegations, replacing the NS/DS records).

- A draft to follow: Using the extensible mechanisms of DELEG to allow you to specify alternative transports for those nameservers (eg: DoH/DoT/DoQ).

This would allow a recursive server to make encrypted connections to everything it talks to (that has those DELEG records and supports encrypted transports) as part of resolution.

Of course, traffic analysis still exists. If you are talking to the nameservers of bigtittygothgirls.com, and the only domains served by those name servers are bigtittygothgirls ...
by grumpy-de-sre | 2025-09-06 08:14:33+00:00
As an aussie kid I bought into the whole sunscreen hype, but after more than half a dozen failures/partial failures. I've pretty much given up on the stuff (excluding areas that are difficult to protect fully with coverings, neck/face/etc).

Long sleeve thick cotton shirts, long pants, and a good wide brimmed hat are easily ten times more effective in practice. My old hard as a tack, shearer grandfather used to swear by black picnic umbrellas (great option if you are spending time working in a fixed location).

Of course you can't swim that well in long sleeved clothes hence the popularity of sunscreen. I'm totally against Aussie beaches at this point though, yes they are nice and all but the radiation dose is just nuts.

Would love to see something like the Apple Watch include UV dosimeter functionality.
by fsflover | 2025-09-06 08:15:34+00:00
> fsflover

Thanks for the clarification. Free software ideology is not like a religion, where people believe in a god. Every Stallman's essay explains a very practical reason for following his ideas. FLOSS protects you from the enshittification, walled gardens, backdoors (to a degree) and similar things.

GrapheneOS have put themselves in Google's walled garden in terms of the supported devices and now Google can easily make them less secure or even kill them completely at will.

This is like saying "you clearly have an ideological bias that favors democracy/ or freedom even if it goes against reason". Sometimes a tyranny is more efficient at forcing people to do a particular thing, e.g., produce weapons. It doesn't mean that choosing it can be reasonable sometimes.

> All SoCs are a black box and all of them are made by untrustable companies

You clearly can't understand that different people have different threat models. This is a huge problem of GrapheneOS developers: they never accept this possibility and force the single threat model upon everyone. This reminds me of Apple by the way: They do the same. In reality, some people can trust Chinese devices more than Google's ones (imagine that), or trust a particular company that didn't perform a ton of evil action like Google did (that's me and many others).

> There is no good solution to this

The good solution to this is security through compartmentalization, which is the best security approach ever invented. The more varied hardware people use, the harder it is to make a targeted attack or to mass compromise every single device sold.

> most of the evidence that is available shows that GrapheneOS on Pixels are the most secure phones currently available

I don't dispute that, and you won't find me saying that GrapheneOS is insecure in itself. I am saying that they did a wrong bet long-term, and their approach leaves a lot of people without Google's hardware insecure.

> not security theatre, whereas if they also supported phones that didn't even let you lock the bootloader it absolutely would be.

Once again, this is implying one single threat model upon everyone. I never leave my phone unattended, so nobody can secretly reflash it. And whenever I suspect a compromise, I reflash it myself using a disposable VM on Qubes OS. Does it look somewhat secure to you?
by Cthulhu_ | 2025-09-06 08:16:03+00:00
It's just like your computer and IDE, you start it up and never shut it down again.

Wouldn't it taking the whole afternoon be because it's downloading and installing assets, creating caches, indexing, etc?

Like with IDEs, it really doesn't matter much once they're up and running, and the performance of the product has ultimately little to do with the tools used in making them. Poorly optimized games have the reputation of being poorly optimized, that's rarely down to the engine. Maybe the complete package, where it's too easy to just use and plop down assets from the internets without tweaking for performance or having a performance budget per scene.
by Sesse__ | 2025-09-06 08:16:16+00:00
> "The new design maintains low losses of around 0.2 dB/km over a 66 THz bandwidth and boasts 45% faster transmission speeds...

0.2 dB/km is already a pretty common loss ratio, though. It's true that you won't get that over the entire 1310–1550nm range (the ~35 THz range commonly in use), but you generally can't use all of that for long-haul links anyway due to the way repeaters work.

More interestingly, they promise 0.06 dB/km or so in the most relevant bands. If they can keep that up, it would mean less need for amplifiers, which is a Good Thing(TM).
by komali2 | 2025-09-06 08:17:32+00:00
Imo Nazism was doomed from the start since fascist imperialist ideologies will inevitably fail as they challenge the sovereignty of more and more countries. Going to war against the world doesn't seem like a winner's bet to me.

But also they were doomed before the Russian invasion since they were out of oil - isn't that what triggered the invasion in the first place?
by renewiltord | 2025-09-06 08:18:02+00:00
I do enjoy this view that every poor person is out to steal your shit at any moment. It's so archaic and classist. Just neat to see someone hew to these old ways. A modern, more egalitarian view might be that the poor are just as principled as the rich and just as likely to create societies free from crime.

But this is a real throwback. Enjoyable in that respect.
by kashunstva | 2025-09-06 08:18:31+00:00
The advice to avoid NSAIDs in pregnancy (and contraindication in the third trimester) doesn’t cover acetaminophen, though, because it’s not regarded as an NSAID (different mechanism of action and minimal anti-inflammatory effects.)

From a recent meta analysis, a total of 6 studies meeting the inclusion criteria addressed the association between acetaminophen exposure in utero and ASD. The odds ratio for the aggregated data was 1.19 which puts the 0.2-0.4% relative risk increase depending on what baseline incidence you assume (along the lines of your estimate.)

If you take the baseline incidence to be 1% then I calculate the NNH - number needed to harm, at 533, meaning you have to expose 533 pregnant women to acetaminophen to observe one additional case of ASD.

Given that the current public health administration of this era in the U.S. operates by seat-of-the-pants guidance rather than statistical evidence, the statistics are irrelevant to them. My advice would be that health care providers caring for pregnant women have an informed discussion about the risk and call it a day.
by dvratil | 2025-09-06 08:19:34+00:00
This is my gripe with C++ - I have to have a CI pipeline that runs a job with clang-tidy (which is slow), jobs with asan, memsan and tsan, each running the entire test-suite, and ideally also one job for clang and one for gcc to catch all compiler warnings, then finally a job that produces optimized binaries.

With Rust I have one job that runs tests and another that runs cargo build --release and I'm done...
by fauigerzigerk | 2025-09-06 08:20:30+00:00
I like Rust's approach to this. It's even more important when comparing with languages that hide value/reference semantics at the call site.

I've been writing some Swift code in recent years. The most frequent source of bugs has been making incorrect assumptions on whether a parameter is a class or a struct (reference or value type). C# has the same issue.

It's just a terrible idea to make the value/reference distinction at the type level.
by Ekaros | 2025-09-06 08:20:58+00:00
One more fundamental difference. I can't read all of the books and then copy my brain.

Which is one fundamental things how copyright is handled. Copying in general or performing multiple times. So I can accept argument that training model onetime and then using singular instance of that model is analogues to human learning.

But when you get to running multiple copies of model, we are clearly past that.
by prmph | 2025-09-06 08:21:38+00:00
It's weird, but using Claude Code (CC) with GLM 4.5 from Z.ai, I spent $5 just starting CC and asking it to read the spec and guideline files. This on an API that advertises $0.6 per million tokens input, and $2.2 per million tokens output.

Then, I noticed that after the original prompt, any further prompt I gave CC (other that approving its actions) did not have any effect at all on it. Yes, any prompt is totally ignored. I have to stop CC and restart with the new prompt for it to take effect.

This is really strange to me. Does CC have some way of detecting when it is running against an API other than Anthropic's? The massive cost and/or token usage and crippled agentic mode is clearly not due to GLM 4.5 not being capable. Either CC is crippled in some way when using a 3rd party API, or else Z.ai's API is somehow not working properly.
by JustExAWS | 2025-09-06 08:22:46+00:00
> *and generally the engine of American innovation/growth/wealth equality for 200 years: Come up with a cool technology, build it in your garage, get people to fund it and sell it because it's a better mousetrap.”

So exactly when was there “wealth equality” in the US? Are you glossing over that whole segregation, redlining, era of the US?

And America was built on slavery and genocide.
by SideburnsOfDoom | 2025-09-06 08:22:53+00:00
Right, and the same argument applies: "But a USB/MicroSD format would carry more bits in a smaller space than CDs, and be less fragile, it's just a more convenient physical format for music!"

But a) there is no mass market for any physical format any more. It's driven by nostalgia. And b) There's more nostalgia for Vinyl than for CDs simply because they were the main medium for much longer. Of course CDs are less fragile and bulky than Vinyl, just like SD cards are less fragile and bulky than CDs, and streaming on existing devices is even more convenient. But that's not the driving factor. It's all fun until someone leaves their Vinyl record collection in a hot car for a few hours.