MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by bluGill | 2025-09-24 13:01:34+00:00
> whereas a Garbage Collector is a separate thing that comes along and collects garbage later.

That is the most common implementation, but that is still just an implementation detail. Garbage collectors can run deterministically which is what reference counting does.

> There is no reason to avoid Rust if you have an architecture that requires shared ownership of something.

Rust can be used for anything. However the goals are still something good for system programming. Systems programming implies some compromises which makes Rust not as good a choice for other types of programming. Nothing wrong with using it anyway (and often you have a mix and the overhead of multiple languages makes it worth using one even when another would be better for a small part of the problem)

> I think a lot of new Rust developers are taught that Arc shouldn't be abused, but they internalize it as "Arc is bad and must be avoided", which isn't true.

Arc has a place. However most places where you use it a little design work could eliminate the need. If you don't understand what I'm talking about then "Arch is bad and must be avoided" is better than putting Arc everywhere even though that would work and is less effort in the short run (and for non-systems programming it might even be a good design)
by mallowdram | 2025-09-24 13:01:36+00:00
Not so. As these are isolated occurring form constants popping up outside of any possible diffusion, their universality prior to symbolic or pictographic coherences indicate an interim state between expression and symbol.

The rush to claim these are a language is unsupported and is quite suspicious of a retrofitting that's prone to pseudoscience.

I would read Paleoperformance and Paleopoetics for discussions about pre-literate, pre-symbolic cultures from the archeological evidence.

Imposing intent or causality onto these is a bit bizarre.
by VladVladikoff | 2025-09-24 13:01:55+00:00
My brother sent me a long talk on YouTube and pleaded with me to listen to it. Watching was pointless the video was just talking heads sitting in chairs. However you can’t just play a video and turn off your phone while listening to the audio on headphones. The mobile browser sleeps and the audio stops. So I used yt-dlp to rip the audio and dropped it into my Plex server to listen to with Prologue. It wasn’t even about the ads, I just wanted to do some gardening and listen to something on headphones while I worked, without my phone screen on.
by MohammadRMZ | 2025-09-24 13:02:06+00:00
I built this after seeing pain points in existing apps and clear places they could be better. Tying tipping to sustainability felt important to me, planting a tree per tip is a strong motivator for this kind of support.

Tech Frontend in Vue.js, backend in .NET, deployed on the Microsoft stack, designed to be fully scalable.

Offer If someone seriously wants to create a page, I’ll personally cover a minimum-amount real tips for a limited number of pages as a showcase so you can see the full flow end-to-end. And if you already have a public page and want to use it for real, I can also support that in the same way (limited).
by pabs3 | 2025-09-24 13:02:20+00:00
Here modem == baseband. The SIM is separate to the baseband. SIM cards run their own OS that can run software from carriers, look at osmocom.org research for more. An eSIM is still a physical device, just soldered onto the motherboard, but still separate to the baseband. The baseband is always software running on hardware, its just not yours to control, and very complex to reimplement even if you had control. Apple only just managed to replace Qualcomm basebands with their own version recently, and they had to make their own baseband processors to be able to do that.
by 1718627440 | 2025-09-24 13:02:41+00:00
> My gut feeling is

You're probably right, I was saying it just can be transferred, with a large "just".

> the fact that neither GCC nor Clang appear to have discussed reusing concepts from their optimizer passes to recreate the borrow checker or borrow checker-like functionality

There is however a commitment from GCC, that every UB the compiler exploits must be reported by -fanalyzer, otherwise it's a compiler bug.

> Ownership tracking programs for C

I think Frama-C is a modern program: https://frama-c.com/.

Where I got to know the concept is SPlint: http://splint.org/ Last I checked the development stopped in 2010 and the implementation shipped in Debian was buggy, but there seams to be newer development on Github. The initial commit is from 2000-06-13.

I've given up on using it due to bugs, but I do use the annotation to specify, among other things, ownership semantics in C.

Any C API already documents ownership semantics, otherwise its underspecified and can't be used. It's just specified in prose instead of code. The semantics are however more often more complicated then a simple owning pointer. A common thing is for example, that whether ownership was transferred depends on the return value of the called function.

There are C APIs out there without the necessary documentation, but you can't actually use them, without either introducing leaks, use-after-free bugs or reading the source code.

> Sorry, I'm getting a bit confused here. When you say "integrate it in the compiler", by "it" do you mean the above mentioned "ownership tracking programs for C", or do you mean features implemented in the GCC Rust frontend?

"it" means ownership tracking implementation intended for Rust in the frontend.
by blacklion | 2025-09-24 13:02:47+00:00
I'm watching not youtube but video creators. There is no even worse alternative if person you want to watch doesn't publish video on other site.

Maybe, for watching "recommended" stream without any subscriptions there are alternatives (which? I cannot name good ones, anyway), but if you watch your subscription you are bound to platform which contain this subscription. And no, content creators are not interchangeable.
by stared | 2025-09-24 13:02:50+00:00
Sure, it is fine to teach numerical linear algebra in Fortran - 15 years ago, I was learning with Fortran 77. Yes, there are many benefits of using a different language, even for its own sake. Or using a language without distractions - just to focus on the course, rather than one that can be used for building a website or so. Or without less "magic" than Python.

At the same time, I find most argument bizarre, other - harmful.

From the bizarre region, students asking "What is 'import numpy as np'?". A legit question. If you want to avoid all technicalities, pen and paper is the right approach. All in all, they need to run code somehow and there will be questions like "What is 'implicit none'?"

If they are not asking such question, is is not because they focus some much on linear algebra. It's because they are lost - or at very least - have lost interest.

From ones (in my opinion) actively harmful:

> It’s about teaching the basics of scientific computing to engineering students with a limited programming experience.

This is a big red flag. If they have little background in programming, teach good standards of Python. Otherwise they will get worst patterns, and think that GOTO is the preferred way of coding.

If you think why a lot of academic code looks like mess, one of the reason is using archaic tools and techniques as a standard.

Also - if your focus in linear algebra and avoid magic, you CAN do it without any numpy, just Python lists.
by runlaszlorun | 2025-09-24 13:02:54+00:00
Unless you get your eyes open to Intuitionist Math and then you realize math isn't "true".

Then again... where in the trillion or so parameters of any LLM is The Law of the Excluded Middle that classical math requires to be "true".

Even more comical is that there are certainly embeddings in there _about_ an excluded middle. With thousands of dimensions and billions of values in each one.

Lord help us all... Lol
by madaxe_again | 2025-09-24 13:02:55+00:00
I would assume respiratory complexes I and III in mitochondria. Both used highly reduced states to create the gradient to pump protons, and electron leakage is inevitable.

This likely then leads to redox transitions in quinones, flavins, metal centres, leaving them in unstable excited states. When they relax, the excess energy has to go somewhere - usually thermal energy, but just occasionally, a photon.

This would also tally with anaesthetics and injury having an effect, as both effect mitochondrial function - and of course when you’re dead, so are your mitochondria.
by adzm | 2025-09-24 13:03:16+00:00
This is unrelated to the JavaScript challenge this post is about, and a very specific technology for video streaming. SABR means "server-side adaptive bitrate" and is a bespoke video streaming protocol that Google is moving towards, away from the existing DASH protocol. There is some info here https://github.com/LuanRT/yt-sabr-shaka-demo
Show HN: Rentalytics – Find rental property deals that actually make money
by dtgeadamo | 2025-09-24 13:03:19+00:00
Hi HN,

I’m a software engineer and real estate investor. I grew tired of scrolling through property listings and manually analyzing each one just to figure out which of them are actually profitable as rental properties. This was especially tiring as only a few properties ever end up being worth the trouble.

So I built Rentalytics — a system that automatically pulls active listings in a market, runs the numbers, and ranks them by:

- Cash flow

- Cash-on-Cash Return

- Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR)

For the proof of concept, I started with Columbia, SC. Last week: out of 1152 active listings, only 85 were worth considering.

The idea is to expand city by city (Charlotte, Raleigh, Greenville are next), while improving the metrics and UX.

Right now:

Free = weekly “Top 5 Deals” email

Pro = weekly full ranked spreadsheet

https://www.rentalytics.fyi/demo

Would love feedback from HN on:

- Other metrics worth automating?

- CSVs vs dashboards — which is more useful to you?

- How should I prioritize which cities to add next?

- Any cities you'd especially like to see as an investor?

Thanks!
by suddenlybananas | 2025-09-24 13:03:19+00:00
Well, Snyder himself is a bit of a propagandist with his ridiculous double genocide theory.

Here's a longer discussion[1] with examples of how he is an ideologue. (I would have liked to post a reply to the people responding to me but alas, I cannot.)

[1] https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/1brdk1l/comm...
by herval | 2025-09-24 13:04:14+00:00
This is true in a _well functioning democratic government_ - by design: as long as there are differences, a single actor cannot take over.

Understanding that the media is owned by powerful people, and people have agendas, is a key point to media literacy that should be taught at schools. It doesn't mean media should be ignored, nor that they always aim to manipulate (with some exceptions). It's, again, healthy if you understand it as it is (a viewpoint, espoused by people with a specific worldview). Interpreting the news require critical thinking. Most people never develop critical thinking.
by 2OEH8eoCRo0 | 2025-09-24 13:04:36+00:00
Everyone is debunking a claim that wasn't made.

> The Secret Service dismantled a network of more than 300 SIM servers and 100,000 SIM cards in the New York-area that were capable of crippling telecom systems and carrying out anonymous telephonic attacks, disrupting the threat before world leaders arrived for the UN General Assembly

> that were capable of

They didn't say this is what it was used for but that it was capable of doing so. Are we sure that's false? It sounds correct that the equipment is capable of such things.
by burnerzzzzz | 2025-09-24 13:05:04+00:00
lol, all the americans on this site giving their take our how our politics work or what motivates our politicians is always entertaining…

Guys, our Justice Minister is not trying to spy on citizens. He is not some cartoon villain.. He is just incompetent. He doesn’t understand the technical arguments. He wants to curb the distribution of child abuse material (who wouldn’t) and does not understand that you can’t make backdoors for the police only

https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/viden/teknologi/analyse-derfor-hol...
by YmiYugy | 2025-09-24 13:05:18+00:00
Zig is pretty neat. Compiles quickly, integrates nicely with C and its sdtlib was designed with explicit allocators in mind. It's a perfectly fine choice for building small CLIs, but many of the criticisms of rust just don't land right of me. Let's go through some slightly exaggerated interpretations of them. 1. Relying on the compiler for memory management makes you a bad programmer: Every skill has its applications, but having a compiler that ensures memory safely (for the most part) changes what is required of a good programmer and being able to safely manage memory by hand is less important. 2. The borrow checker is all or nothing: If you use unsafe or turn your memory bugs into logic bugs by using indexes you do miss out on safety guarantees of the borrow checker, but a) Rust has other compelling features, e.g. pattern matching, parametricity, b) Zig/C safety doesn't hold up better when doing things that require unsafe in Rust, c) the unsafe use and index wrangling can be encapsulated. The rest of your code can use the borrow checker just fine. 3. But safety is more than memory safety: Of course there is. I think this is a bit of a straw man argument, because I don't think that's a common claim the rust community let alone the foundation makes. 4. Rust strongly encourages you to structure your code around the compiler: I think this claim is valid, but I want to dispute that this is such a bad thing. You are probably a log smarter than the compiler. So you need to dumb it down, so the compiler will understand. Code that requires less brain power to understand is usually good. I've had some experiences where the borrow checker guided me to find a nicer structure for my code. The learning curve however is real. It takes a lot of time to build the intuition around the borrow checker and not run head first into it all the time. IMHO for small CLI tools it's fine to clone your way out of a dead end, even if it seems ugly.
by GJim | 2025-09-24 13:05:25+00:00
I know you are joking....

...however discussion on Fortan is inevitably dominated by those who once saw some F77 code years back and associate Fortran with punch cards.

Fortran 90 was a big update of the language, and modern Fortran versions and compilers are very good indeed. Not to mention they can be used with the old tried and tested libraries which are bombproof.

There is a reason Fotran is still used. It's simple, and you can *really* trust it.
by jumpocelot | 2025-09-24 13:05:27+00:00
"In 2025, YouTube started rolling out a new streaming protocol, known as SABR, which breaks down the video into smaller chunks whose internal URLs dynamically change rather than provide one whole static URL. This is problematic because it prevents downloaders (such as yt-dlp) from being able to download YouTube videos at resolutions higher than 360p due to only detecting format code 18 (which is the only format code available that doesn't use SABR). So far, this issue has only affected the web client, so one workaround would be to use a different client, such as tv_embedded (where SABR has not yet been rolled out to), so for instance in yt-dlp you could add --extractor-args "youtube:player_client=tv_embedded" to use that client. It is not known how long this workaround will work as intended, as YouTube rolls out SABR to more and more clients."

https://wiki.archiveteam.org/index.php/YouTube/Technical_det...
by loiseaujc | 2025-09-24 13:06:21+00:00
OP here. I actually love Julia and acknowledge its ecosystem can be fantastic for learning purposes. Just see the Computational Thinking course at MIT.

I'm not dismissing Julia. Actually, the first lines of my conclusions are

> In the end, when it comes to teaching the basics of numerical linear algebra, Python and Fortran are not that different. And in that regard, neither is Julia which I really like as well.

I feel like people got the impression that I'm saying they *should* use Fortran for teaching. That ain't the point, but maybe I did not convey it as clearly as I would have like. The point is : a programming language with strong typing, clear begin/end constructs, ensuring inputs to a function cannot be accidentally modified (otherwise it has to be a subroutine), etc actually makes it easier for the students to effectively *learn* computational thinking rather than having to battle with syntax errors and strange intricacies of a general-purpose language. Fortran is just an example which turns out to be historically related to number crunching.

Unicode support and greek letters sure can be useful when presenting code snippets in your slides, but it essentially is syntactic sugar coating. And, unfortunately, many students have no idea how to spell greek letters (e.g. \to for \tau, \fi for \phi, etc) and just end-up loosing time on aesthetic details rather than focusing on the learning objective.

Finally, you may not know it but Fortran does have a package manager. Check out fpm (https://github.com/fortran-lang/fpm). It basically is just like Pkg for Julia, also using a toml manifest, can be installed via conda, makes sure things are reproducible across compilers and platforms, etc.
by Andrews54757 | 2025-09-24 13:06:29+00:00
Nsig/sig - Special tokens which must be passed to API calls, generated by code in base.js (player code). This is what has broken for yt-dlp and other third party clients. Instead of extracting the code that generates those tokens (eg using regular expressions) like we used to, we now need to run the whole base.js player code to get these tokens because the code is spread out all over the player code.

PoToken - Proof of origin token which Google has lately been enforcing for all clients, or video requests will fail with a 403. On android it uses DroidGuard, for IOS, it uses built in app integrity apis. For the web it requires that you run a snippet of javascript code (the challenge) in the browser to prove that you are not a bot. Previously, you needed an external tool to generate these PoTokens but with the Deno change yt-dlp should be capable of producing these tokens by itself in the near future.

SABR - Server side adaptive bitrate streaming, used alongside Google's UMP protocol to allow the server to have more control over buffering, given data from the client about the current playback position, buffered ranges, and more. This technology is also used to do server-side ad injection. Work is still being done to make 3rd party clients work with this technology (sometimes works, sometimes doesn't).

Nsig/sig extraction example:

- https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/4429fd0450a3fbd5e89573...

- https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/4429fd0450a3fbd5e89573...

PoToken generation:

- https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/PO-Token-Guide

- https://github.com/LuanRT/BgUtils

SABR:

- https://github.com/LuanRT/googlevideo

EDIT2: Addeded more links to specific code examples/guides
by crabique | 2025-09-24 13:06:31+00:00
Thanks, but I forgot to specify that I'm interested in S3-compatible servers only.

Basically, I have a single big server with 80 high-capacity HDDs and 4 high-endurance NVMes, and it's the S3 endpoint that gets a lot of writes.

So yes, for now my best candidate is ZFS + Garage, this way I can get away with using replica=1 and rely on ZFS RAIDz for data safety, and the NVMEs can get sliced and diced to act as the fast metadata store for Garage, the "special" device/small records store for the ZFS, the ZIL/SLOG device and so on.

Currently it's a bit of a Frankenstein's monster: using XFS+OpenCAS as the backing storage for an old version of MinIO (containerized to run as 5 instances), I'm looking to replace it with a simpler design and hopefully get a better performance.
by somelamer567 | 2025-09-24 13:07:14+00:00
My wife who is from a large mainland European country, has an ID card. Everyone has one and they're mandatory. It makes it trivial to prove your bona fides and is good for air travel within the Schengen area. Her ID even has a chip which can be used to create digital signatures for situations where rock-solid proof of identity is required.

Amazingly, they've always had ID cards and the world hasn't ended. These countries are in some ways freer and more democratic than the UK.

'Civil libertarianism' has become a self-licking ice cream cone, and their advocacy is not only shrill and counterproductive, but also enables common criminals and bad geopolitical actors, engaging in aggressive hybrid war against free countries.

One of the few ways we are going to be able to fight off the Russian and Chinese hybrid war aggression that is assailing the West online is to hold online commenters accountable by binding their online identities to real-world strong IDs.

The libertarians may not like it, but this is the direction the world is going. Strong ID is a common sense, tried-and-true approach to protecting ourselves against criminals and foreign aggressors. And we'll eventually get digital strong ID, unless the boot-leather connoisseurs amongst us win this argument.
by shantara | 2025-09-24 13:07:41+00:00
I’m another Premium user in the same position. I use uBlock Origin and Sponsorblock on desktop and SmartTube on my TV. I pay for Premium to be able to share ad-free experience with my less technical family members, and to use their native iOS apps. If they really tighten the rules on Premium family sharing, I’ll drop the subscription in an instant.
by epolanski | 2025-09-24 13:07:47+00:00
Your comment lacks so much context and nuance to ultimately be nonsense.

You absolutely can, and probably _should_, leverage AI to learn many things you don't understand at all.

Simple example: try picking up or learning a programming language like C with or without LLMs. With is going to be much more efficient. C is one of the languages that LLMs have seen the most, they are very, very good at it for learning purposes (also at bug hunting).

I have never learned as much about computing as in the last 7/8 months of using LLMs to assist me at summarizing, getting information, finding bugs, explaining concepts iteratively (99% of Software books are crap: poorly written and quickly outdated, often wrong), scanning git repositories for implementation details, etc.

You people keep committing the same mistake over and over: there's a million uses to LLMs, and instead of defining the context of what you're discussing about you conflate everything with vibe coding making ultimately your comments nonsense.
by bilekas | 2025-09-24 13:07:53+00:00
This is a great example of how this whole requirement hasn't been properly thought out.

> Desktop support is not currently within the project's scope.

What I would like to take from this is that, by their own definition, desktop apps are out of scope for Age Verification. So does that mean we will see a return of the 'desktop applications' instead of everything being a web service ?

One can dream perhaps. Until then adults who are willing to 'do what they're told' will be the ones who are inconvenienced by this constantly.

Edit: Also this will completely disable any new phone OS' being developed. Why would anyone bother when you can't verify your wallet to do anything online.
by notatoad | 2025-09-24 13:07:56+00:00
Yeah, sometimes the random substack is from somebody really respected, and sometimes it’s just from somebody who writes like they think they should be really respected. And sometimes the respectable people can be wrong too.

But I think it’s wrong to call it a “blind spot”. This is not my industry, I don’t know the names, and I’m not qualified to judge whether the author deserves my implicit trust. So I treat this substack with the same skepticism I would any other substack.