MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by dotwaffle | 2025-09-22 15:24:10+00:00
My example was to show locally what happens -- the ISP does not have control over how many connections you make. I'm saying that if you have X TCP connections for HTTP and 100X TCP connections for BitTorrent, the HTTP connections will be drowned out. Therefore, when the link at your ISP becomes congested, HTTP will be disproportionately affected.

For the second question, read the section on choking at https://deluge-torrent.org/userguide/bandwidthtweaking/ and Deluge appears to set the maximum number of connections per torrent of 120 with a global max of 250 (though I've seen 500+ in my brief searching, mostly for Transmission and other clients).

I'll admit a lot of my BitTorrent knowledge is dated (having last used it ~15 years ago) but the point remains: ISPs are built for "North-South" traffic, that is: To/From the customer and the networks with the content, not between customers, and certainly not between customers of differing ISPs.
by thedanbob | 2025-09-22 15:24:12+00:00
I was trying to help a friend recently with a bizarre issue with a Dell laptop: the 2 key (and only the 2 key) is unreliable. Normally I'd say "hardware problem" but it acted more like a software bug. Among other signs, it's unreliable in Windows and the BIOS but not in Linux.

Unfortunately, I don't have the skills to even diagnose the problem, let alone fix it. And my friend isn't willing to put Linux on it since he wants to sell it.
by Nemi | 2025-09-22 15:24:19+00:00
You see, I disagree. In all fairness, I am not in the health care industry but I have had a lot of bad experiences trying to get subtle health problems diagnosed and have done a ton of personal research that has greatly improved my life, despite the healthcare industry not helping me. Hearing about the research that other smart, determined individuals have done is always interesting to me. As a matter of fact, it was a random comment from someone on HN that pointed me in the right direction to help with my problem.

I have learned that a determined laymen can sometimes outperform an average industry professional in all kinds of areas.
by OptionOfT | 2025-09-22 15:24:23+00:00
I find that open bed pickup trucks contribute a lot to stuff on the freeways.

Your rake is much less likely to fall out of a van than out of the bed of a pickup.

So if stuff can't fall out, it won't get cleaned up.

Second, this is a metal ramp used to load vehicles on a trailer (think bobcat-like).

To tow a trailer like that in Europe requires additional licenses, which comes with training around tying down EVERYTHING and double checking.

In the USA you are allowed to drive with this with the same license you need to drive a Smart Car.
by pavel_lishin | 2025-09-22 15:24:23+00:00
> We focus on Persian taarof, a social norm in Iranian interactions, which is a sophisticated system of ritual politeness that emphasizes deference, modesty, and indirectness

As an Asker, this sounds like an absolute nightmare for me.

(https://www.theatlantic.com/national/2010/05/askers-vs-guess...)
by esafak | 2025-09-22 15:24:33+00:00
Iran/Persia was not part of the Ottoman Empire. They maintained a border. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Zuhab

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Persian_Wars

I agree that the Ottomans had more religious freedom- and certainly diversity. At least until the Enlightenment, which the Ottomans missed to their undoing.
by nirvdrum | 2025-09-22 15:24:40+00:00
Having used CI systems and application frameworks that support YAML anchors for configuration, adding in a programming language would be a massive amount of complexity for very little gain. We're not talking about dozens of locations with hundreds of lines of shared code.

Asking the team to add a new build dependency, learn a new language, and add a new build step would create considerably more problems, not fewer. Used sparingly and as needed, YAML anchors are quite easy to read. A good editor will even allow you to jump to the source definition just as it would any other variable.

Being self-contained without any additional dependencies is a huge advantage, particularly for open source projects, IMHO. I'd wager very few people are going to learn Dhall in order to fix an issue with an open source project's CI.
by AlotOfReading | 2025-09-22 15:24:55+00:00
People use clever code to tease out microarchitectural details and scour through public information to with these things out. Agner Fog is one example. His microarch analysis documents 3x decoders for the Tremont microarch, predecessor to gracemont (what's currently used for E-cores).

https://www.agner.org/optimize/microarchitecture.pdf
by nashashmi | 2025-09-22 15:24:55+00:00
Free to record data but not free to process data... sounds a lot like books being stored rightfully but not analyzed by machine learning.

I have data on Google. Google has a TOS that says they can use my data. This could cover even future use cases, even though those future use cases I did not anticipate. So does Google have the right to use my data in this particular way?
by ctstoner | 2025-09-22 15:25:03+00:00
Agreed - trust is the key! That's why we've built in sources with links to the exact location in the datasheet and part documents where the AI found an answer. We're working hard to make sure you can trust its answers, but we know most engineers 'trust but verify'. A (transparent) confidence score is a great idea to improve trust in the answer and sources.

To close the gap, we've built our own Q/A datasets and are training custom AIs how to search and read a datasheet (like a new engineer needs to learn early on). We're concentrating on teaching the AI how to identify key information vs noise as it relates to electrical engineering (differences like 'Voltage' in the Absolute Max vs Recommended section) and where information is likely to be found in a datasheet or app note.
by palmotea | 2025-09-22 15:25:23+00:00
> Well, I have to admit that your friend has a point. Humans are bad at reacting quickly and correctly to unexpected situations,

This was not one of those situations.

and some debris large enough to damage your car showing up from out of nowhere after several hours of boring driving along a largely straight highway with little traffic is definitely one of these situations.

Again, this was definitely not one of those situations. It was large, it was in their lane, and they were even yapping about it for 10 seconds.

> But a self-driving system worth its salt should always be alert, scanning the road ahead, able to identify dangerous debris, and react accordingly. So, different pair of shoes...

This is what humans already (and if we didn't do it, we'd be driving off the road). Based on what you're saying, I question that you're familiar with driving a car, or at least driving on a highway between cities.
by woodruffw | 2025-09-22 15:25:28+00:00
To be clear, I understand why people want to use anchors. The argument isn't that they aren't useful: it's that the juice is not worth the squeeze, and that GitHub's decision to support them reflects a lack of design discretion.

Or in other words: if your problem is DRYness, GitHub should be fixing or enhancing the ~dozen other ways in which the components of a workflow shadow and scope with each other. Adding a new cross-cutting form of interaction between components makes the overall experience of using GitHub Actions less consistent (and less secure, per points about static analysis challenges) at the benefit of a small amount of deduplication.
by brummm | 2025-09-22 15:25:29+00:00
Actually, that's surprisingly little roads in the US. The population is significantly larger (more than 3x), so on a per person basis roads in Germany see much more use than in the US. And roads there are in a much better state than in the use despite the higher usage rate.

So also as a consequence of this: If the US were to use the same per person $ amount to upkeep their roads, US roads would have WAY more money to be maintained. Yet, the outcome is obviously worse.
by SoftTalker | 2025-09-22 15:25:59+00:00
I mean, the TSA already scans your passport/id, and knows every other detail about your trip. Is a facial scan really adding much more? Last time I entered the country they used facial recognition and I didn't even need to show my passport. So they obviously already had the data to recognize me from my passport photo. And this was over two years ago.
by xandrius | 2025-09-22 15:26:00+00:00
There is no way you didn't write this comment while laughing out loud.

For-profit companies care about profits for their shareholders, that's it. Heck, even non-profit often tend to value more profit than their integrity or cause but that's a topic for another day.

I wish this wasn't the case but even good-willed individuals at the helm of for-profits are forced to pursue profit and avoid anything clearly leading to losses, else they are sacked.
by AvAn12 | 2025-09-22 15:26:19+00:00
Sample of one, but I went back to grad school at 45. Was living at home with wife and son, so was firmly grounded in the present. However being around energetic, enthusiastic, and optimistic fellow students in their early 20s was a real boost. Many factors at work - the program required a ton of energy and an openness to considering new ideas - something I had not experienced in corporate life in many years. Definitely did not reverse aging, but really lifted my energy and optimism considerably.
by phanimahesh | 2025-09-22 15:26:24+00:00
This. So true. Yaml has always been an overly complicated format, with weird quirks ( like norway becoming false in a list of country codes ).

I find it an absolute shame that languages like Dhall did not become more popular earlier. Now everything in devops is yaml, and I think many developers pick yaml configs not out of good reasons but defaulting to its ubiquity as sufficient.
by matheusmoreira | 2025-09-22 15:26:34+00:00
> This is particularly evident on medical and health related submissions.

HN users, tech people in general, are biased against doctors and medicine. I don't think that can be generalized to technology discussion.

I've seen a few doctors posting here on HN. I'm among them. Medical discussion is useful to me since I can gain perspective on how medical practice works in other countries.
by tingfirst | 2025-09-22 15:26:36+00:00
Data sources are usually in Kafka, or other operational databases like Postgres or MySQL

1. Table A : fact events, high-throughput (10k~1M eps), high-cardinality

2. Table B, C, D : couple of dimension tables (fast or slow changing).

The use case is straightforward : join/enrich/lookup everything into one big flattened, analytics-friendly table into ClickHouse.

What’s the best pipeline approach to achieve this in real-time and efficiently?
by wiether | 2025-09-22 15:26:42+00:00
Basically what we ended up doing at work is creating some kind of YAML generator.

We write Bash or Python, and our tool will produce the YAML pipeline reflecting it.

So we dont need to maintain YAML with over-complicated format.

The resulting YAML is not meant to be read by an actual human since its absolute garbage, but the code we want to run is running when we want, without having to maintain the YAML.

And we can easily test it locally.
by drakythe | 2025-09-22 15:26:50+00:00
I don't think it implies that one of the knots has a negative number. It proves that when you add knots together you can't just add together their unknotting numbers and expect to get a correct answer. The article mentions "unpredictability of the crossing change" as a source of this issue (if I am reading that statement correctly).

Basically the unknotting number combes from how the string crosses itself and when you add two (or more?) knots together you can't guarantee that the crossings will remain the same, which makes a kind of intuitive sense but is extremely frustrating when there isn't a solid mathematical formula that can account for that.
by observationist | 2025-09-22 15:27:02+00:00
They want everything to be cloud applications and services that run on terminals you rent, managed through portals you have subscribe to. They want to sell your attention and screenshare on top of making you pay for the privilege of being nickel and dimed, and they want to surveil every aspect of your life, free from liability or accountability for what they do with the data, or who they sell it to.
by imiric | 2025-09-22 15:27:08+00:00
Agreed. YAML is not a great format to begin with, but using it for anything slightly more sophisticated (looking at you Ansible, k8s, etc.) is an exercise in frustration.

I really enjoyed working with the Earthfile format[1] used for Earthly CI, which unfortunately seems like a dead end now. It's a mix of Dockerfile and Makefile, which made it made very familiar to read and write. Best of all, it allowed running the pipeline locally exactly as it would run remotely, which made development and troubleshooting so much easier. The fact GH Actions doesn't have something equivalent is awful UX[2].

Honestly, I wish the industry hadn't settled on GitHub and GH Actions. We need better tooling and better stewards of open source than a giant corporation who has historically been hostile to open source.

[1]: https://earthly.dev/earthfile

[2]: Yes, I'm aware of `act`, but I've had nothing but issues with it.
by kentonv | 2025-09-22 15:27:15+00:00
I’d love to add 3PH support in the future, but it wasn’t a priority for an initial release as this is very focused on enabling browser<->web server communications specifically.

SturdyRefs are tricky. My feeling is that they don’t really belong in the RPC protocol itself, because the mechanism by which you restore a SturdyRef is very dependent on the platform in which you're running. Cloudflare Workers, for example, may soon support storing capabilities into Durable Object storage. But the way this will work is very tied to the Cloudflare Workers platform. Sandstorm, similarly, had a persistent capability mechanism, but it only made sense inside Sandstorm – which is why I removed the whole notion of persistent capabilities from Cap’n Proto itself.

The closest thing to a web standard for SturdyRefs is OAuth. I could imagine defining a mechanism for SturdyRefs based on OAuth refresh tokens, which would be pretty cool, but it probably wouldn’t actually be what you want inside a specific platform like Sandstorm or Workers.
by thomastjeffery | 2025-09-22 15:27:37+00:00
I have a more direct answer for you: moderation.

It's not all about how you distribute content. We must also decide which content do distribute, and that is a hard problem.

The most successful strategy so far has been moderation. Moderation requires hierarchical authority: a moderator who arbitrarily determines which data is and is not allowed to flow. Even bittorrent traffic is moderated in most cases.

For data to flow over bittorrent, two things must happen:

1. There must be one or more seeders ready to connect when the leecher starts their download.

2. There must be a way for a prospective leecher to find the torrent.

The best way to meet both of these needs is with a popular tracker. So here are the pertinent questions:

1. Is your content fit for a popular tracker? Will it get buried behind all the Disney movies and porn? Does it even belong to an explicit category?

If not, then you are probably going to end up running your own tracker. Does that just mean hosting a CDN with extra steps? Cloud storage is quite cheap, and the corporate consolidation of the internet by Cloudflare, Amazon, etc. has resulted in a network infrastructure that is optimized for that kind of traffic, not for bittorrent.

2. Is a popular tracker a good fit for your content? Will your prospective downloaders even think to look there? Will they be offended by the other content on that tracker, and leave?

Again, a no will lead to you making your own tracker. Even in the simplest case, will users even bother to click your magnet link, or will they just use the regular CDN download that they are used to?

So what about package repos? Personally, I think this would be a great fit, particularly for Nix, but it's important to be explicit about participation. Seeding is a bad default for many reasons, which means you still need a relatively reliable CDN/seed anyway.

---

The internet has grown into an incredibly hierarchical network, with incredibly powerful and authoritative participants. I would love to see a revolution in decentralized computing. All of the technical needs are met, but the sociopolitical needs need serious attention. Every attempt at decentralized content distribution I have seen has met the same fate: drowned in offensive and shallow content by those who are most immediately excited to be liberated from authority. Even if it technically works, it just smells too foul to use.

I propose a new strategy to replace moderation: curation. Instead of relying on authority to block out undesirable content, we should use attested curation to filter in desirable content.

Want to give people the option to browse an internet without porn? Clearly and publicly attest which content is porn. Don't light the shit on fire, just open the windows and let it air out.
by bbourn | 2025-09-22 15:27:49+00:00
Yeah, Moat's are tricky in the age of AI. We think there's always room for a standalone interface in this niche sector, given the sheer amount of data that needs to get presented (with no room for hallucinations). But beyond the data curation (which is actually quite hard) and the custom UI, there's also all the tuning data to optimize for the workflows that come next, like Alternates, schematic awareness, etc.

But yes, OpenAI continues to be the 800lb gorilla 'boogeyman' crushing startups with every new update. Our goal is to remain cockroaches until we find solid distribution!
by bbatha | 2025-09-22 15:28:18+00:00
> f you need one in zig you can go that approach or use a tagged union just that zig is open about what an interface is.

Perl objects worked like this and the ecosystem is a mess as a result. There's a built in `bless` to add a vtable. There's some cool stuff you can do with that like blessing arrays to do array of structs vs struct of arrays and making it look like a regular object in user code. The problem is there are like 4 popular object libraries that provide base stuff like inheritance, meta objects, getters/setters etc and they're not all compatible and they have subtle tradeoffs that get magnified when you have to pull multiple in to get serious work done.
by jcranmer | 2025-09-22 15:28:25+00:00
A long time ago, I did a project where I downloaded a year's worth of nightly builds for Thunderbird so that I could collect nightly code coverage information. Over the course of doing so, I discovered that there was one dependency (pango, I think?) such that no version could support the entire year's worth of source--the newer version didn't work with the older builds, and the older version didn't work with the newer builds.

Come to think of it, in terms of trying to get old code building, the CVS days of Firefox should be interesting... because the first command in that build step is "download the source code" and that CVS server isn't running anymore. And some of the components are downloaded from a CVS tag rather than trunk, and the converted CVS repositories I'm aware of all only converted the trunk and none of the branches or tags.
by shayway | 2025-09-22 15:28:51+00:00
What is Firefox if not weak opposition? Even given a reliable firehose of income from Google they haven't cracked that 0.1% market cap, and I don't see how funneling more resources into a browser that's been floundering for over a decade now will change anything.

Ladybird is still a good few years away from being a serious competitor, but nonetheless it is the most viable candidate in the absence of a path for Firefox to become competitive.
by zokier | 2025-09-22 15:28:58+00:00
The architectures of Intel cores is widely discussed and publicized. Here are the some details for the e-cores mentioned: https://chipsandcheese.com/p/skymont-intels-e-cores-reach-fo...

> Leapfrogging fetch and decode clusters have been a distinguishing feature of Intel’s E-Core line ever since Tremont. Skymont doubles down by adding another decode cluster, for a total of three clusters capable of decoding a total of nine instructions per cycle.
by nosianu | 2025-09-22 15:29:29+00:00
You are attempting to shift the goalpost after I countered your wrong assertion directly. You wrote a short and very specific post, it is still there.

It does not matter that you quoted the ICE, not these days with all the lies, and since they never checked the people they arrested if they actually violated anything to begin with, that quote is useless. There is enough background information available about how that raid went off. They did not check before taking every single one of those people away.

And

> "People on short-term or recreational visas are not authorized to work in the U.S."

is just plain wrong (for B1, but also ESTA -- https://www.nnuimmigration.com/esta-business/ "Incidental business activity"), no matter whom you quote!

Your attempt to dismiss it based on me providing additional proof in form of an immigration-encounter directly countering your assertion is noted, but telling.

In addition, it should never come to having to go to the courts in the first place!! Taking away likely lawfully acting people in handcuffs to a very uncomfortable stay in ICE custody already causes severe damage, no court can undo that!

The only reason they can get away with it for the moment is because South Korea needs the military cooperation because of increasing threats at home.

But these methods look more like those of the mafia than that of a civilized state.

I'm saying that while not even minding one bit that/if the US now acts against illegal immigration, I never understood why they just let it happen for decades. I understand certain businesses did well with very low-cost labor that they could easily control and exploit due to the illegal status of the workers. The problem is that they now go far beyond that, because of the administrations desire for numbers and headlines, and pictures.

And if you have to rely on getting your rights through the courts you already lost - the system is expensive, time-consuming, and slow. Getting exonerated later after you were dragged away and put into prison clothing does not undo the damage! Having to go to court is additional punishment for normal people.