MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by contrarian1234 | 2025-09-22 06:43:57+00:00
I think you're engaging in the same hysteria as the video

> It’s already somewhere, in the product, on the packaging, in the water that cleans the factory, in the landfill that collects it

If the chemical is used during manufacturing.. why would it do anywhere outside the factory? Why would it not be infinitely reused? It's just used as part of the way they deposit the harmless teflon

> IMHO, we should drop “non-dangerous” as a myth from teflon commercials of the 70s. As also from the video - due to heat you can consume harmful chemicals, even with acute consequences.

It doesn't say that in the video. They clearly say it's not harmful

> PFAS, from my understanding is a group of thousands of chemicals, most of them with no research on harmfulness

> PFAS is everywhere. Food packaging, hygiene products, tooth floss, fire extinguishers, clothes, kitchen appliances, etc. It’s manufactured all over the globe in multiple factories for seemingly everything.

I think you didn't watch the video. Or maybe you're just hearing what you want to hear. They explain it's from a small handful of factories. It's not explained why it's in floss (if that's even true?). If it's some byproduct, then maybe the solution is not to stop using PFAS, but understanding how to eliminate the contamination from manufacturing byproducts.

They make a clear distinction between substances like teflon and stuff like C8.

> PFAS, from my understanding is a group of thousands of chemicals, most of them with no research on harmfulness

It's clear from the video some are found to be harmful while others are not. Therefore it's absurd to conclude anything about this category. The category doesn't tell you anything about safety. I'm sure an onion has thousands of chemicals "with no research on harmfulness".

The point is the starting point of this conversation is already disingenuous and poorly communicated
by brabel | 2025-09-22 06:45:59+00:00
But that clearly falls within the parent comment’s definition. Just because you are prepared to change your opinion on something based on evidence to the contrary, it doesn’t mean such evidence exists or may even be possible! I am of the opinion that the Earth is not flat. And I know that no evidence you can present would ever change that because it’s patently obvious that’s the case given the evidence I already have! But I am still theoretically open to a debate. That’s the scientific method.
by eru | 2025-09-22 06:46:00+00:00
> Lots of reasons for this. The Moon is a complete hell hole - 2 week long nights, night time temperatures that drop to around -200f, daytime temperatures in excess of 250f, extremely low gravity (to the point that one might expect a higher impact of the countless health consequences of 0g exposure on humans), minimal material resources and so on.

Dig a bit, and temperatures even out. Same as on Mercury.

About the light: you are going to stay indoors anyway.

About gravity: spin! You can build something that looks a bit like a giant funnel, spin that, and live on the inside. If you set up the speed of rotation and degree of incline right, the centripetal force and the moon's gravity will combine to point perpendicular to the surface you are standing on.

You are right that Mars has some interesting peculiarities. But the logistics are a million times harder than getting to and from the moon. So good luck getting a rescue mission there.

In addition, I would advice against contaminating Mars with earth life, if we still want to study it, and figure out if it ever had life. (The moon is and always has been almost certainly sterile.)
by dmos62 | 2025-09-22 06:46:02+00:00
You might find the Holy Grail traditions and the more recent Rosicrucian tradition interesting, if you're not already aware of them. These are, like Gnosticism, Western Esoteric schools. Esoteric, as in the in-group teachings, or occult (the hidden) teachings. I'm fascinated by all of it.

I'm currently into Rudolf Steiner, a highly-regarded Rosicrucian teacher that left behind many books that are available in English (he lived around 100 years ago), but his writings are sort of a dive off the deep end. They require a lot of open-mindedness, to say the least.

The "dark lords of the earth" who created the material world is a common theme: Steiner also called these the followers of Ahraman (misspelling that probably), they are then offset by the Luciferic beings (the light-bearers), who are on the opposite end of the spectrum. Both are considered similarly destructive in opposite ways. The former represents unbridled materiality, the latter unbridled spirituality. Then there are the middle beings, sometimes called the Michaelic, who embody the balance and thus are considered worthy guides. There's a holy image of Jesus on the cross with two thieves on either side, also crucified, one turning towards Jesus, the other away: this image is commonly interpreted as portraying this dark-balance-light framework.

Modern Christian teachings sort of reduce this three-point system into a simple duality of good and evil, light and dark: which completely misses the point of the earlier teachings. Both the dark can be too dark, and the light can be too bright, it's about the middle way. Or, in other words, light isn't necessarily good. Today Lucifer is associated with dark beings and is a synonym for Satan, which might be fine, except that it then suggests that a being is beneficial as long as it's not dark, which is not the case.

It's interesting to note that some scholars assert that other, seemingly unconnected religions (e.g. Tibetan) also recognize these same beings (using their own terminology).

I unfortunately don't have a reference, but I have it on good authority that you can find Jesuit writings where they openly talk about reincarnation, contrary to the outer-religion teachings. They also tought their missionaries the use of pendulums and dowsing to find drinkable water, food, medicinal herbs, etc. when they're alone in a strange land. There are books by at least one French Jesuit priest where he shares the techniques. The more you dig, the larger the discrepancy between the out-group and the in-group teachings. I love this stuff.

I over-shared I guess, but it was fun writing this.
by wakawaka28 | 2025-09-22 06:46:04+00:00
I don't think you understood what I wrote there. The rules for algebraically computing a derivative are simple and deterministic and essentially captured within AD algorithms. They MUST therefore be correct in an analytical sense, given infinite precision. The video starts off by saying, they are dealing with considerations about how computers actually work. That kind of implies finite precision. Like I said, concerns about stability of the methods are not new. Your original function might not be differentiable at any given point, for example. You have to know about that stuff rather than blindly applying "automatic" techniques. There is a lot of literature about how to use AD and what can go wrong. This is a paper I just found in a basic search, that is a survey of known pitfalls: https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/widm....

The entire point of the video is mired in an hour or so of details about how they had trouble using it for solving ODEs. I am familiar with forward and reverse mode but for me to appreciate it I would have to get up to speed with their exact problem and terminology. Anyway, my point is that AD requires you to know what you are doing. This video seems like a valuable contribution to the state of the art but I think you have to recognize that the potential for problems was known to numerical analysis experts for decades, so this is not as groundbreaking as it appears. The title should read, "Automatic differentiation can be tricky to use" to establish that it is in fact a skill issue. The mitigation of these corner cases is valuable, to make them more versatile or foolproof. But the algorithms are not incorrect just because you didn't get it to solve your problem.
by sfkgtbor | 2025-09-22 06:46:16+00:00
Very interesting to see another person also landing on using 4 base32 characters for labeling things - it really is enough for a human.

Personally I use it for labeling physical things - mainly boxes. With a corresponding note in my Obsidian vault it really helps with getting content, context, and history about random stuff in my basement.

Python oneliner for generating them I've aliased in my Bash config: python3 -c "import base64; import secrets; print(''.join(secrets.choice(base64._b32alphabet.decode()) for _ in range(4)))"
by kleiba | 2025-09-22 06:46:17+00:00
Just to give a little context: in Germany, which the OP was about, just the search for a suitable place to store nuclear waste started in 1999 with the formation of a working group of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Climate Action, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety [1]. It is expected that the result of the search process will not be available until the year 2046 [2].

Maybe it's not quite as easy as the layman thinks, especially considering that Germany has a lot less space then, say, the US.

--

[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20150217045132/http://www.bfs.de...

[2] https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/endlager-atommuell-1.569...
by itstransfigure | 2025-09-22 06:46:58+00:00
not a great answer but the true answer would be only God knows. Personally my goal is 1 month.

posting random "artistic" snapshots of various aspects of Transfigure (instagram: itstransfigure) if you care to follow.

without saying too much, the competitive advantage is in training data and I think that will be the deciding factor as to whether or not a company is successful in (Transfiguring? rezzing? summoning?) a real part from a sketch, that can be made into physical stuff, without looking like shapenet cartoons.
by NoMoreNicksLeft | 2025-09-22 06:47:09+00:00
How do you deorbit Venus is such a way that your inflatable balloon city comes to a gentle stop, 30 miles up, and just floats there? Worse still, when people need to leave and return to Earth, how do you launch a rocket from the balloon city and return to orbit? How do visitors or pioneers deorbit and land at the floating city? If there aren't materials to effect a repair, how long until it sinks down into the hellzone? Where are materials manufactured for repairs, and how quickly could they be manufactured and sent there? If a rocket is trying to land and goes off course, does it squash the balloon city like a grape? Saying that holes can be patched is well and good, but there are some truly catastrophic failure modes that don't seem entirely unlikely.
by sho | 2025-09-22 06:47:49+00:00
Advice that you know, or should know, won't and indeed can't be followed isn't serious advice, it's just posturing. "Security engineer" or not, if you stood up in that kick-off meeting and with a straight face proposed that the team spend the first 3 months reviewing React before starting work - you're out, and rightly so.

Security and convenience are always in tension, but there is usually a productive, "sweet spot" middle ground. Your "solution" is way off to one side of that sweet spot. The status quo is probably a little too far off in the other direction. But a happy medium can be found where most teams are fine, most of the time, while retaining the ability to take advantage from the open source ecosystem.
by slau | 2025-09-22 06:47:50+00:00
There’s a 50k km difference between the shortest and longest answer to “how far is the moon?”, depending on orbit and phase. The distance can change by about 75m per second.

I don’t know of a reel that can spool up a cable at 270 km/h.

Our current longest power cable is 5376 m long. So we’re only 406k km short of bridging the gap (our longest is only 0.0013% the length required).
by tguvot | 2025-09-22 06:48:40+00:00
israel allowed training. israel didn't train presidential guard. it would have been major scandal in Israel if something like this happened. quoting wiki

. At that point, the U.S. began to provide training in urban anti-terrorist techniques to members of the Presidential Guard, with the goal of strengthening Abbas's security forces. Egypt, Jordan, and Turkey also began to provide similar training for the Fatah forces, and Britain, Spain, and the European Union began to provide communications equipment, vehicles, and logistical support.

i am not even sure what exactly your second part of message meaning. unlike what OP said netanyahu wasn't PM at this timeframe. Ehud Olmert was, and he engaged in negotiations through his term till he resigned in 2008
by davydm | 2025-09-22 06:50:02+00:00
Honestly, the people hyping up AIs as being "all that" are to blame here. If regular people understood just how stupid the "bag of words" is, they wouldn't pay so much attention to it. But they're told every day by grifter techbros that we're on the verge of the singularity and that basically all jobs will be taken over by AI in the future.

In their greedy quest for ever-more money, these charlatans are the real grime in the system.
by joz1-k | 2025-09-22 06:51:40+00:00
> are there platforms that actually use 58 bits?

The original article already contains a note that "Some more recent x64 CPUs use 5-level paging, which would increase this number to 57 bits [0]"

Apparently server-level "Sunny Cove" Intel CPUs implement this extension [1].

[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_5-level_paging

[1]: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunny_Cove_(microarchitecture)>
by rowanG077 | 2025-09-22 06:51:48+00:00
The pits and valleys are spaced λ/4 apart. The reason there is such a stark difference in intensity is because this λ/4 spacing causes interference at pit->valley and valley->pit transition points. Of course this not a standard interferometer but rather a purpose build one. Wikipedia says:

> Interferometry is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information.

And a blu ray player directly uses interference of superimposed waves to extract information. It squarely fits in the homodyne category.
by Symbiote | 2025-09-22 06:52:04+00:00
> Swipe? I don't recall a time when I needed to swipe in US in the last few years.

I do, earlier this year visiting the USA. The readers on pumps at two different gas stations.

But the EU started phasing out reading magnetic strips twenty years ago, well before the USA had even started issuing EMV chip cards.

> Zelle?

Zelle is only for person-to-person transfers, Europe has had good person-to-business, business-to-person and business-to-business transfers for decades.

> ...

The point wasn't that the USA didn't have these things, but that Europe had them earlier (sometimes much earlier), so the banking system led to this innovation.
by joshvm | 2025-09-22 06:52:33+00:00
The highest sensitivity cameras tend to use cryocooling rather than TECS. But you're correct that a lot of mid to high end astro cameras are Peltier cooled, and many hobbyist imagers. Satellites are a mix, you have to get rid of the heat, so some missions also use cryocooling and are limited by the amount of cryogen on board. Some instruments also get away with passive cooling, if you can radiate it fast enough.

https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/cryocooler/
by bruce511 | 2025-09-22 06:52:34+00:00
I was gonna write something similar. Know the audience. I've also come to the conclusion that "total beginners" (and certainly "minimal expertisers") didn't nowhere to read the docs anyway so it didn't matter.

In other words, people who are used to reading docs can read (good) docs just fine.

Yes, of course, good docs are a must. They are critical to success. But not all docs have to explain how to use a right-mouse button.
by ragebol | 2025-09-22 06:52:37+00:00
> Why have nations not come together ...

> If everyone came together

Finally winning that Nobel peace prize by unifying all the countries that are not the US would be amazing. Independent California, Texas and some other parts left sorta-kinda OK-ish after the new American civil war can then also join that alliance later, achieving world peace. Trump gets a posthumous Nobel peace prize and each year we all celebrate by gold plating a hamburger or something.
by waaihong | 2025-09-22 06:53:16+00:00
hello all! Kevin here.

being a solopreneur to build apps been always my dream. Now at 30, I finally have that courage to make a leap of faith.

Introducing my first app - Overthere. Parking in basement/garage is always a nightmare for me, underground doesn't have signal for GPS pin and inaccurate. Photos will cluttered my album.

How this work - Park your vehicle, Snap a photo (OCR will extract the info) - and Go your way.

Let me know what you think! cheers.
by FridayoLeary | 2025-09-22 06:53:55+00:00
I don't know that you can describe northern island as being a happy success story. The most you can say is it's stable which is a success in its own right.

You're right in drawing parallels between the two. But the ira seem to be far more pragmatic then the palestinians and for all their sins they never deliberately targeted women and children in the way organised palestinian terror does.
by thaumasiotes | 2025-09-22 06:54:00+00:00
> Kilroy was here, nobody writes that one on walls any more, and hands were stenciled over thousands of years, but we have an evolving culture now.

Not in the relevant sense. Nobody writes Kilroy was here anymore, but we continue to do hand outlines. That's not a practice that has changed over the last 50,000 years.
by globular-toast | 2025-09-22 06:54:08+00:00
I don't get it. I learnt to program from tutorials in the early 2000s. I guess at some point in my education I also learnt how to look stuff up. It turns out that was the real skill all along, I guess. So the question is why do people find looking stuff up so difficult? Can you imagine how long every tutorial would be if it started from the bottom? "If you want to make an apple, you must first invent the universe."
by eru | 2025-09-22 06:54:19+00:00
> Yes, it's intangible but consider this; go back 2 centuries and ask someone if they could setup a business concern which produced millions of widgets a year.

To go off on a tangent: two centuries ago was the height of the first industrial revolution (at least in Britain). The first time in history when this actually became realistic.

The Industrial Revolution was the first time we had sustained, broad based productivity growth year after year (even if only around 1%, which is quite low by modern standards).

Weirdly enough, we can see sustained productivity growth in artillery and guns long before the wider industry.

Another weird connection: sometimes people look at a toy 'steam engine' that the ancient Romans had access to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolipile) and wonder if they could have had an industrial revolution. But, to make a proper steam engine you need a lot more than just the right idea. You need a lot of metallurgy and precise crafting.

Specifically one thing you need is precision crafted cylinders that gas can expand in to move a piston. Well, at the time of the Industrial Revolution, European nations had just spent several hundred years locked in existential competition over who can make precision crafted cylinders that gas can expand in to move a bullet.
by JumpCrisscross | 2025-09-22 06:55:47+00:00
> such a way that your inflatable balloon city comes to a gentle stop, 30 miles up, and just floats there?

Literally how floating works.

> Worse still, when people need to leave and return to Earth, how do you launch a rocket from the balloon city and return to orbit?

By launching your rocket from the ballon city and returning to orbit. (I'm struggling to see the novel problem.)

> Where are materials manufactured for repairs, and how quickly could they be manufactured and sent there?

Why is this unique to Venus versus anywhere else in space?

> If a rocket is trying to land and goes off course, does it squash the balloon city like a grape?

Yes. Same as if your rocket is trying to land at your Moon or Mars base (or hell, your Earth landing pad) and goes off course, it squashes your colony like a crouton.
by Symbiote | 2025-09-22 06:57:20+00:00
It's off topic for HN:

> Off-Topic: Most stories about politics, or crime, or sports, or celebrities, unless they're evidence of some interesting new phenomenon. Videos of pratfalls or disasters, or cute animal pictures. If they'd cover it on TV news, it's probably off-topic.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
by injidup | 2025-09-22 06:58:16+00:00
I thought perhaps you were joking but it turns out people are also hesitant to vaccinate their pets.

""" About 37 percent of dog owners also believe that canine vaccination could cause their dogs to develop autism, even though there is no scientific data that validates this risk for animals or humans. """

https://www.bu.edu/sph/news/articles/2023/nearly-half-of-dog...
by joshvm | 2025-09-22 06:58:27+00:00
The way these systems are controlled (in my terrestial experience) is to have the system be capable of cooling below the desired set point. Then you can PID the temperature using a heater or a thermal bridge/heat switch that will cause the system to warm up. It's complicated, and a lot of very interesting thermodynamics involved.

It also depends if you just need "as cold as possible" or if you need to know the temperature and can calibrate out fluctuation, or if you genuinely need stability.

https://bluefors.com/stories/differences-between-pulse-tube-...
by Danjoe4 | 2025-09-22 06:59:15+00:00
I don't need to. Just look at your immediate surroundings and ask yourself "who are the millionaires responsible for these products I enjoy?". Every component in your phone, computer, the chair in which you sit, the building you are in, the clothes you wear, and the car you drive. As a rule, people get rich because they create things, not because they exploit others. That's how capitalism works and it does work
by uni_baconcat | 2025-09-22 07:00:28+00:00
Incorrect. Chinese mobile carriers only issue eSIM to their approved models, which are devices sold in China. Once the eSIM is activated, users can roaming with their Chinese phone number to any country just like a physical SIM card.

Also, iPhone and iPad sold in China can install and activate an eSIM from foreign carriers when the device is not located in China. They only banned activating foreign eSIM within China.
by fpoling | 2025-09-22 07:00:31+00:00
On my laptop with Samsung PRO 990 SSD and Intel Core Ultra 7 165U CPU with 64G RAM under Debian 13:

Read test via coping to RAM memory from LUKS-encrypted BTRFS against /tmp that is a standard RAM disk:

$ dd of=/tmp/input-90K.jsonl if=input-90K.jsonl conv=fdatasync bs=10M iflag=direct oflag=direct 2596+1 records in 2596+1 records out 27225334502 bytes (27 GB, 25 GiB) copied, 20.4403 s, 1.3 GB/s

Write test:

$ dd if=/tmp/input-90K.jsonl of=tmp.jsonl conv=fdatasync bs=10M oflag=direct 2596+1 records in 2596+1 records out 27225334502 bytes (27 GB, 25 GiB) copied, 16.8612 s, 1.6 GB/s

Preparing RAM disk with zram compression to emulate zram:

$ sudo zramctl --algorithm=lz4 --size=30GiB /dev/zram0 $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/zram0 $ sudo mount /dev/zram0 /mnt $ df -h /mnt Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/zram0 30G 2.1M 28G 1% /mnt

Write test to lz4-compressed ZRAM:

$ sudo dd if=/tmp/input-90K.jsonl of=/mnt/tmp.jsonl conv=fdatasync bs=10M oflag=direct iflag=direct 2596+1 records in 2596+1 records out 27225334502 bytes (27 GB, 25 GiB) copied, 93.2813 s, 292 MB/s

Read test from lz4-compressed ZRAM:

$ dd of=/tmp/input-90K.jsonl if=/mnt/tmp.jsonl conv=fdatasync bs=10M oflag=direct iflag=direct 2596+1 records in 2596+1 records out 27225334502 bytes (27 GB, 25 GiB) copied, 34.8479 s, 781 MB/s

So SSD with LUKS is 1.5 times faster than zram for read and 5 times faster than zram for write.

Note without LUKS but native SSD encryption the speed of SSD will be at least 2 times faster. Also using recent kernel is important so LUKS uses CPU instructions for AES encryptions. Without that SSD under LUKS will be several times slower.