MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by kelnos | 2025-09-13 00:04:41+00:00
> Raspberry Pi OS is only based on Debian bookworm (released in 2023) and very explicitly does not support a key Debian feature: you can’t upgrade from one Raspberry Pi OS release to the next, so it’s a complete reinstall every 2 years instead of just an upgrade.

What? I've upgraded my RPis in-place every single time there's a new OS release. They don't support upgrading that way, perhaps, but I've never had a problem.

And even for official Debian releases, they recommend you do a full backup, because it might not work.
by XorNot | 2025-09-13 00:05:27+00:00
Except for Chernobyl clean up workers, no one lost their lives taking a deliberate risk in any other nuclear incident. And Chernobyl clean up workers didn't die within months either - in fact the story of their health outcomes is quite nuanced, but yes they most definitely took high risks.

In fact Chernobyl is incredibly badly remembered, because the firefighters who died responding to the initial blaze died of sepsis related to beta radiation burns from spending hours wearing their firefighting coats covered in radioactive dust.

Had they been removed promptly and hosed down, those people would've survived because they would not have received essentially a third degree burn over their entire body. And that's the point: they died of sepsis related complications, not any type of unique radiation damage and the Soviet doctors who treated them did get better at it once the protocols were established.
by opensandwich | 2025-09-13 00:05:50+00:00
Wow, this is a wild ride. I remember coming across this page because the author was from my alma mater and we were pursing the same (undergrad) degree. At the time, we could do a double major in Pure Mathematics and Statistics so long as we completed the coursework requirements, which is probably why that page even exists.

The page is ~15 years old now, and I think it should be read as though its written by a 22 yr old, more reflecting on their recent university education than a guide to how to become a working mathematician.

---

With that note, I would say if someone is eager to engage in mathematics and statistics _at an undergrad level_ (at the time at my university, it was _unusual_ for people to pursue machine learning as a major, and it was in computer science school). I would recommend really focussing on Real Analysis, and the higher statistics courses, try to find the links and the commonality between the proofs and the key ideas. I would also tell myself to not to shy away from martingale theory and link it to measure theory.

Pure mathematics is a weird world. In the moment I hated myself for choosing it in undergrad, it absolutely tanked my grades because of the weird mental state I was in. At the same time when I got to my PhD/research everything starting really started to click. It's immensely difficult to digest and consume all the content in the 12-14 odd weeks that the coursework typically demands.
by calvinmorrison | 2025-09-13 00:06:03+00:00
Fastmail is a good product with technical chops, contributes to open source and cares generally about being good members of the international email space, standards etc.

Fastmails interface is very plain, and it works very fast and works well.

They support a plethora of ways to do mail and have many advanced users so their mail support is very good, maybe close to running your own mail server without having to deal with rbls and getting spamlisted
by pyuser583 | 2025-09-13 00:06:49+00:00
There is no 80-year norm against redrawing borders. 80 years ago, Crimea was a part of the Russian SSR - now it's part of a free and independent Ukraine.

Eastern Europe looks a heck of a lot different, as did British India.

In all fairness, 80 years ago, the world was on the cusp of a massive border redraw, but the Phillipine Islands were still a US territory.
by virtue3 | 2025-09-13 00:07:39+00:00
The problem with nuclear mistakes is they aren't a few decades. They can be measured in centuries.

So yeah. Regulation.

Don't build a damn LWR on a fault line (Fukushima) 3mile Island - don't have so many damn errors printing out that everything is ignore Chernobyl - we all know I think. It's still being worked on to contain it fully. Goiânia accident (brazil) - caesium-137 - Time magazine has identified the accident as one of the world's "worst nuclear disasters" and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) called it "one of the world's worst radiological incidents". (and this was just a radiation source, not a nuclear plant)

So yeah. Oil has bad disasters. Nuclear has EPIC disasters.

I think what is missing in your argument is not that these pieces are difficult. It's that combining all of them adds to a significant amount of complexity.

It's not JUST a heat exchanger. It's a heat exchanger that has to go through shielding. And it has to operate at much higher pressures than another type of power production facility would use. Which adds more complexity. And even greater need of safety.

I'm not arguing against Nuclear; I think it's incredibly worthwhile especially in the current age of AI eating up so much power in a constant use situation. But I do think it needs to be extremely regulated due to the risks of things going south.
by Jedd | 2025-09-13 00:08:28+00:00
TFA doesn't mention the size of their monitor, or the ratio of it, or the distance they typically sit from their monitor, or the horizontal placement (relative to their eyeballs), or the type of work they're doing.

I'd also expect a mention of the amount of curve they are upset about.

There's a few varieties, the 1500R and the 1800R were the most common two when I was shopping last year, in the AU domestic market. Those numbers refer to how the monitor might fit on an imagined circle's radius (measured in millimetres, naturally). So an 1800R is a gentler curve than a 1500R.

I find UW's beyond about 34" are mostly more comfortable in an 1800R for 'office work' activities (not including CAD, photo / image manipulation, etc) and gaming.

(I actually have a 43" flat, in 16:9, it sits about a metre from my eyeballs, and I usually aim for my eyes to be about 1/3 the way from the top of the screen. After several months with this, I now feel a gentle curve on this would be a bit more ergonomic.)
by tomhow | 2025-09-13 00:08:42+00:00
Please don't post in an inflammatory style or make swipes at the HN community. We don't know what "a large portion of HNers" think about any topic. Controversial topics bring out the people who feel the strongest about that topic, but the people commenting are only a tiny share of the whole community. Your point about the different reactions people have to different kinds of immigration controversies is valid, but topics like this need to be discussed with sensitivity.

Please take care to observe the guidelines when commenting here, especially these ones:

Be kind. Don't be snarky. Converse curiously; don't cross-examine. Edit out swipes.

Comments should get more thoughtful and substantive, not less, as a topic gets more divisive.

Please don't fulminate. Please don't sneer, including at the rest of the community.

Eschew flamebait. Avoid generic tangents.

Please don't use Hacker News for political or ideological battle. It tramples curiosity.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
by bobmcnamara | 2025-09-13 00:08:57+00:00
I thought I'd mention that ship supplied short power has been a thing for ages. USS Daniel Webster even trained for this for new years eve apocalypse nothingburger. And its almost always been used for only powering something critical. Today's subs are <10MW. Nothing for utility scale. I can't imagine the economics are ever good. More of a: we've already got this boat.

https://thenaptimeauthor.wordpress.com/2021/04/09/the-uss-le...

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/11/26/A-nuclear-submarine-...

There are some floating PWRs: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_floating_nuclear_pow...
by zahlman | 2025-09-13 00:09:30+00:00
>the shooter is a MAGA republican who cosplays as Trump,and Charlies last words were a racist dog whistle

All of this is factually incorrect.

Unless you interpret a Hallowe'en costume (i.e., something that comes with the message that this is a scary person not to be idolized) as "cosplay" (https://www.msn.com/en-us/tv/celebrity/tyler-robinsons-chill...), the primary suspect (out of respect to the justice system, I must continue to admit the possibility that they got the wrong guy, until the trial has concluded) did nothing of the sort. (Aside from which, he would have been 14 at the time.) Apparently some people are circulating images of him in a MAGA shirt, but these are photoshopped (https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2025/09/fact-check-tyler-...). There were Antifa slogans and memes on the bullets and the shooter targeted a conservative, and he is known to have opposed Kirk ideologically (https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/hey-fascist-catch-messages-w...). He is very obviously not a "MAGA Republican".

Charlie Kirk's last words were to ask for a clarification, arguably in a pointed way, intended to imply that gang violence should be counted as mass shooting when it otherwise meets the definition. Even if you take a logical leap based on the statistics showing that the perpetrators of such violence are generally non-white, there is nothing racist about pointing this out. The statistics are what they are, and saying so does not attribute the conduct to non-white people in general. If claims like this are made off-limits then it becomes impossible to discuss a real problem that results in many deaths.
by jiggawatts | 2025-09-13 00:09:48+00:00
Speaking of ArcGIS and reverse proxies, they were circulating a single-file .ashx script for about a decade that ended up being the single worst security breach at several large government customers of mine… ever. By a mile.

For the uninitiated: this proxy was a hack to work around the poor internal architecture of ArcGIS enterprise, and to make things “work” it took the target server URL as a query parameter.

So yes, you guessed right: any server. Any HTTP to HTTPS endpoint anywhere on the network. In fact you could hack TCP services too if you knew a bit about protocol smuggling. Anonymously. From the Internet. Fun!

I’m still finding this horror embedded ten folders deep in random ASP.NET apps running in production.
by JumpinJack_Cash | 2025-09-13 00:10:03+00:00
Microsoft, Apple, Google, Facebook, Amazon, Ebay, Nvidia, Netflix...

There is a world before them and a world after them. The world was never the same after Windows 95, or the iPhone or Facebook or Google.

However a rising tide lifts all the boats and there are many unjustified rises that rely on politics, culture wars and generally not a genuine consumer driven thirst for quality of life.

Musk companies are a perfect example of that.

1) A 2025 Tesla is not that different compared to a 2002 Mercedes, it's pretty much the same cunsumer experience actually, except with different propellent for political/culture wars purposes.

2) SpaceX rockets are about as impactful in the life of the avg. American as the Apollo ones were. Empty show of force kinda patriotism

3) And Twitter is basically the same as it was before the takeover.
by XorNot | 2025-09-13 00:10:27+00:00
I don't know why people think this is a "gotcha"?

I would happily live next to a nuclear power plant, the reason not to is mostly to do with "it's still an industrial site". But like, lakeside land where I'm up or down stream from it but can clearly see it nearby? Sure.

It's one of the rare forms of industry where if I was ever worried about contamination a cheap portable device will warn me remotely. Unlike say, Asbestos and heavy metals...one of which there's a bunch in my current backyard.
by kelnos | 2025-09-13 00:10:51+00:00
> You only get standardization in servers because relatively speaking the number of peripheral types on the server SoC is smaller, and their usage modes more predictable.

You get standardization on servers because of UEFI and ACPI. There are some ARM boards out there with UEFI, but for whatever reason it hasn't generally caught on in the ARM world like it has for x86.
by 627467 | 2025-09-13 00:11:19+00:00
> Our threat is not Russia bringing its troops across the Pyrenees - Pedro Sanchez

> He also wrote that a 5 percent defense spending goal would jeopardize the country’s welfare system,

> Sánchez said that 17% of this year’s military spending would go to natural disaster relief.

The Spaniards are the only ones outright saying it, but seem very obvious that the silent (and overwhelmingly economical) majority in EU think this way
by MarcelOlsz | 2025-09-13 00:11:49+00:00
That's all well and good. Totally ask me about AI, I can talk a lot about it. Don't however, make me go through 99% of the interview process up until the very last stage (spanning weeks), and throw a live test in my face, and then have the hiring manager clarify that it's about "vibe coding paranoia". It negates the entire reason I did the take-home assignment.
by lll-o-lll | 2025-09-13 00:11:49+00:00
> 5 years ago you'd have a project like that, talk to someone at a company for like 30m-1hr about it, and then get an offer.

Based on my own experiences, that was true 25 years ago. 20 years ago, coding puzzles were now a standard part of interviewing, but it was pretty lightweight. 5 years ago (covid!) everything was leet-code to get to the interview stage.
by talipozturk | 2025-09-13 00:12:17+00:00
co-founder of Vectroid: We forked Lucene. Lucene is awesome for search in general, filters, and obviously full-text search. Very mature and well supported by so many big names and amazing engineers. So we take advantage of that but we had to change a few things to make it work perfectly for Vector use-case. We basically think Vector should be the main data type as it is the most difficult one to deal with. For instance, we modified Lucene to use X number of CPU / threads to build a single segment index. As a result, if/when needed, we can utilize hundreds of CPUs to index quicker and generate less number of segments that will enable lower query latency. We also built a custom File System Directory for Lucene to work off of GCS directly (or S3 later on). It can by-pass the kernel, read from network and write directly into the memory... no SSD, no page-cache, no mmap involved. Perhaps I should not say more...
by djmips | 2025-09-13 00:12:22+00:00
I feel like the removal of yellowing from things like Apple II computers known colloquially as 'retrobriting' as showing in your video is more the use of peroxide compounds which are not used in the article.

"The blue light reduced the yellow stain substantially more than hydrogen peroxide or UV exposure. In fact, UV exposure generated some new yellow-colored compounds."
by EvanAnderson | 2025-09-13 00:13:07+00:00
I regret taking all my old tube monitors to Goodwill back in the mid-2000s. I saved a Commodore 1942, at least, but I sent all the rest away to die.

I appreciate the CRT modeling in emulators, but a hardware device that passes thru a display signal and provided sub-frame CRT artifacting and phosphor modeling (particularly if it supported 240P) would be bitchin'.
by GoatInGrey | 2025-09-13 00:13:51+00:00
You're wasting your energy on that user, I suspect.

> No one seems to be able to give me a straight answer with proper facts

...is commonly a rhetorical pattern meaning "I've predetermined my conclusion, but I want to save face by appearing rational and casting those I disagree with as biased or incompetent in one fell swoop."

It's the "Aren't there any REAL men anymore?" of contentious topics.
by lIl-IIIl | 2025-09-13 00:14:11+00:00
Look at the Soviet Union at the height of Stalinist oppression in the 1930s. Having the wrong book (not even necessarily a Western book but even a Soviet book that is no longer in good graces) could be a trip to the Gulag which for many was a death sentence.

A lot of it was driven by quotas that the police had to meet.
by Retric | 2025-09-13 00:15:13+00:00
> which is why fuel is only 15-20% of the operating costs compared to >60% for coal

Nuclear has much higher operating costs than coal. It’s not 20% of 3 = 60% of 1, but it’s unpleasantly close for anyone looking for cheap nuclear power. Especially when you include interest + storage as nuclear reactors start with multiple years worth of fuel when built and can’t quite hit zero at decommissioning so interest payments on fuel matter.

> You're describing a heat exchanger and some pipes. If this is the thing that costs a billion dollars, you're making the argument that this is a regulatory cost problem.

It’s a lot more than that, and far from the only cost mentioned. It’s pumps, control systems, safety systems, loss of thermal efficiency, slower startup times, loss of more energy on shutdown, etc.

> Shielding is concrete and lead and water. None of those are particularly expensive.

Highways don’t use expensive materials yet they end up costing quite a lot to build. Scale matters.

> Equipment to move things is something you need at refueling intervals, i.e. more than a year apart. If this is both expensive and rarely used then why does each plant need its own instead of being something that comes on the truck with the new fuel and then goes back to be used at the next plant?

Contamination with newly spent nuclear fuel = not something you want to move on a highway. It’s also impractical for a bunch of other reasons.

> But then one of them is required to carry that amount of insurance when the others aren't. It should either be both or neither, right?

No nuclear power plants has ever actually been required to carry a policy with that kind of a payout. Taxpayers are stuck with the bill, but that bill doesn’t go away it’s just an implied subsidy.

However, the lesser risk of losing the reactor is still quite substantial. You could hypothetically spend 5 billion building a cheap power plant rather than 20+ billion seen in some boondoggles but then get stuck with cleanup costs after a week.
by driggs | 2025-09-13 00:15:29+00:00
I hate to tell you to RTFM, but the QGIS team has put a lot of effort into the User Guide and very practical Training Manual.

If you're already familiar with typical GIS workflows, you'll breeze through them, and they'll help you wrap your head around the QGIS way of doing things.

https://docs.qgis.org/3.40/en/docs/user_manual/

https://docs.qgis.org/3.40/en/docs/training_manual/

And if you're into books, Locate Press is run by some of the original QGIS authors, and many of their books are very QGIS centric.

https://locatepress.com/books
by GuB-42 | 2025-09-13 00:17:07+00:00
A 1:1 replication of the original Pokemon (1995) would be safe from all patent claims as it is obvious prior art and patents filed during that time would be expired. Copyright would be another story though.

It looks like here, they picked minor game mechanics introduced in a later games that Palworld also used (possibly as a coincidence) and then applied for patents. Some of them passed.
by const_cast | 2025-09-13 00:17:17+00:00
My experience is the apps are missing very fundamental features. Which would be fine... If you could use other clients. But you can't, except for email, kind of.

Like, the calendar on mobile doesnt even have a search function. What if I want to know when an event is happening? I just have to scroll and scroll until I find it? Come on now. Also no storage backup in proton drive??? What??? That's, like, 90% of the purpose of proton drive!
by tharkun__ | 2025-09-13 00:18:20+00:00
It's funny you mention that.

That's literally what CS teaches you too. Which is what "leetcode" questions are: fundamental CS problems that you'd learn about in a computer science curriculum.

It's called "reducing" one problem to another. We had an entire semester's mandatory class spend a lot of time on reducing problems. Like figuring out how you can solve a new type of question/problem with an algorithm or two that you already know from before.

Like showing that "this is just bin packing". And there are algorithms for that, which "suck" in the CS kind of sense but there are real world algorithms that are "good enough" to be usable to get shit done.

Or showing that something "doesn't work, period" by showing that it can be reduced to the halting problem (assuming that nobody has solved that yet - oh and good luck btw. if you want to try ;) )
by nomel | 2025-09-13 00:19:07+00:00
> And it's not like the urls are rememberable anyway

They're what everyone sees, when a link is shared. It's a fundamental part of the user experience, for a service like this. As stupid as it is, I would be a bit embarrassed to share a link with "dump" in it. Dump.ty is fine/great.

> adding the extra route seems more "future-proof".

I'd claim this is a separate issue. "routing" isn't real, after all, it's just string matching. Most/all routers have regex match options that might take some ns longer. You're free to do whatever you want in the future, trivially so if you make sure whatever future path doesn't look like an ID.
by codethief | 2025-09-13 00:20:20+00:00
I haven't tested it much but the site seems surprisingly snappy & usable even on mobile – except for… the browser back button?! In Chromium & Firefox (both on Android) it keeps bringing me back to the top of the previous page and does not restore my scroll position. That seems like a rather large oversight?

EDIT: Ok, I take back the "usable" part. This is insanity. I have found links that don't do anything. Some links open in overlay popups (some of which get cut off on mobile), others in new "windows". The X button behaves erratically (or at least not as I would expect), clicking on the page title in the headers sometimes opens menu, sometimes it doesn't. There's a WYSIWYG editor bar at the top of https://posthog.com/changelog/2025 even though I'm not editing anything(?!) and the "undo" button(?) looks like a browser refresh button(?!), though I'll have to admit I initially thought this might be a back button, since there's also that forward button.

Who thought this was a good idea?
by omgJustTest | 2025-09-13 00:21:09+00:00
Perovskites are research materials being researched.

Images produced from SPECT cameras have been around for a while. [2]

This is potentially a 16 pixel "camera" which the "image" is a gaussian blob (Figure 1e and 5e) [1].

This is interesting for a variety of reasons but is way overblown in the "camera" or "image" context. It's demonstration that one can make pixelated devices (4x4) of a specific kind of promising material.

[1]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63400-7

[2]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-photon_emission_compute...
by martinald | 2025-09-13 00:22:47+00:00
Definitely not. Azure doesn't charge for intra region costs FWIW.

Getting terabits and terabits of 'private' interconnect is unbelievably cheap at amazon scale. AWS even own some of their own cables and have plans to build more.

There is _so_ much capacity available on fiber links. For example one newish (Anjana) cable between the US and Europe has 480Tbit/sec capacity. That's just one cable. And that could probably be upgraded to 10-20x that already with newer modulation techniques.