MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by Moru | 2025-09-07 07:07:12+00:00
Windows has always been backward compatible with old hardware. There has never been a big problem where you couldn't just upgrade to next version on the same computer. This big jump is not a good one for MS, it is locking out a lot of people that would be customers and are now getting Linux Mint instead. I have several friends that are non-techies and installed Mint on their own without any problems. No support needed even, nothing close to how they need support for Windows. They have dualboot so their old games work on Windows and everything else on Linux. Sooner or later that will be gaming on Linux and Windows never get booted again.
by Joel_Mckay | 2025-09-07 07:07:49+00:00
State sponsored thieves are not a talent pool that anyone wants in a trusted position.

The fact is there were only around 40 unique hacks ever invented, and people simply adapt these into new zero day exploits. Notably, this is now mostly a fully automated process.

If people want in, they will get in eventually. =3

x C62=:K6 J@F 2C6 AC66>AE:G6=J 5:D28C66:?8 H:E9 E96 DFCAC:D:?8=J =@H 6DE:>2E6 @7 6IA=@:E E2I@?@>J[ 3FE 9F>2? DE2E:DE:42= 3692G:@C :D 2=D@ ?@E 2D 4@>A=6I 2D >2?J 36=:6G6]
by Esophagus4 | 2025-09-07 07:08:05+00:00
(Assuming you also weren’t in the armed forces, so correct me if I’m wrong.)

I don’t think it’s worthwhile for laypeople to armchair quarterback the decisions of possibly the most elite soldiers in the US armed forces.

By the time the mission was given to them, the collateral risk had already been accepted by JSOC, national security advisors, and likely Trump. I could feel more comfortable questioning their judgment, I think, but I would need some more context still.
by flohofwoe | 2025-09-07 07:09:43+00:00
> Ford was really big here at one point but it's a shadow of what it used to be.

The Ford cars sold in Europe are mostly European-designed and European-built though, seeing an actual US Ford model on the road is quite rare (in Germany at least). And the Ford factory in Koeln is so old (founded in 1925) that I'd say it's not unusual to recognize Ford as a German brand over here.
by vigliag | 2025-09-07 07:09:52+00:00
My data point: I have a severe stutter. I might have been lucky (and also no two stutters are the same), but I don't think it has even mattered at work.

I don't know if you have a stutter as well, but I've had stuttering therapy again recently, it's not very age related. Happy to send you resources. Feel free to email me.
by RossBencina | 2025-09-07 07:10:54+00:00
> Design patterns suffer because in most explanations the context is completely missing.

"most explanations"? Most crappy explanations on the web and in introductory courses perhaps.

The original GoF Design Patterns book and all of the Pattern Languages of Program Design books that followed it define and adhere to a pattern (form, template) for how to document design patterns. The main elements of this form are (GoF, p.3):

1. The *pattern name* ...

2. The *problem* describes when to apply the pattern. It explains the problem and its context [emphasis mine]. ...

3. The *solution* ...

4. The *consequences* are the results and trade-offs of applying the pattern. ...

I am guessing this form comes from Christopher Alexander, but I don't have a copy of A Timeless Way of Building at hand.
by 317070 | 2025-09-07 07:11:58+00:00
It's funny how people are so surprised? This story was already fictionalized in 2004's "Team America - World Police". SEALs, North Korea, it's all there.

Special Forces are secretive, and almost as a law of nature that leads to them being inept.

There is a long list of these special operations in the book "Rogue States: The Rule of Force in World Affairs" by Noam Chomsky.
by nine_k | 2025-09-07 07:12:00+00:00
Fair. But the point is that it follows the only reasonable order, consistently from larger units to smaller.

A datetime can be seen as a number written in a positional notation, just with varying base: divmod by 60, 60, 24, 12. When you pick a normal decimal / hex / binary number, you expect that the digits in it come in the order of magnitude changing: thousands, hundreds, tens, ones. Mixing them would feel crazy. By the same token, formats like dd-mm-yyyy HH:MM or mm-dd-yyyy are crazy; sadly they are traditional.
by mdp2021 | 2025-09-07 07:12:32+00:00
> are you arguing that because libraries exist

No, no, no. In general, contextually to the topic of which the submission in part, I am showing that libraries were established through a societal decision that published knowledge shall be freely available. That means, if you want to consult a text, you are enabled to just go to a library and do it - the cost will be societal and contained.

Contextually to your post, and the expression «enjoying someone’s work without compensating them», I showed that the Principle establishing libraries implies you are not required to directly compensate authors to access their work.

And I told you that there is no similar principle regulating access to all other goods or services, such as "mowing your lawn" - society has not decided to bear the cost of the operation. It has, for the realm of accessing knowledge.

Do not misread.

Edit: maybe this will further help you to understand:

some societies have decided that health care services shall be easy to access, with collectively borne costs. Most societies have decided that published knowledge shall be easy to access, with collectively borne costs. Few societies have decided that having private lawns mowed shall be easy to access, with collectively borne costs.
by thisisit | 2025-09-07 07:13:05+00:00
> Nobody should be making policy on this yet, but it's the kind of thing that I would allocate some research dollars to if I hadn't just fired all of the competent researchers.

Yes but that is the whole RFK brand. He and his supporters always try to have their cake and eat it too. Claim something, things go wrong and blame others for misconstruing RFK's comments.

The way this is going - RFK is going to make claims based on this paper and when people get harmed, he and his supporters will claim that people who followed RFK's assertion didn't hear him correctly. He clearly said the policy was based on this paper and people should have done more research and read this paper. See this paper says there is correlation and not causation. So, you cannot blame RFK for this mishap.
by arjie | 2025-09-07 07:14:04+00:00
This is true and I really enjoy reading those. Sometimes I come across someone's website where they've just done that and it gives me so much joy to read these things.

Someone writing about graduating, marrying, dealing with the death of their wife. Artistically stunning in its mundaneness.

Perhaps it's not for everyone. My own blog is very like that. The thoughts are mostly at whatever bakedness they are and if someone likes it, that's great. If no one does, c'est la vie. Perhaps one day my daughter will read it to see what her father was like when she was young.

Who knows. But the little cairns we make in the wood tell little stories.
by mamonoleechi | 2025-09-07 07:14:04+00:00
If you want to switch to linux but not feeling overwhelmed at first, you can stay on windows and work with something like Virtualbox running your linux distribution of choice alongside.

You keep on testing/experimenting daily, slowly getting the hang of it one software at a time. And once you found how to do everything you have to on linux, you're just ready to switch.
by fooker | 2025-09-07 07:15:30+00:00
You not knowing something doesn’t make it not exist.

https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/study-shows-how-effects-...

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4377509/

https://www.brown.edu/news/2016-12-12/famine
by vivzkestrel | 2025-09-07 07:16:38+00:00
Microsoft should create a new windows option in addition to Home, Professional and Pro and call this one "Windows OPTIMAL" They can price this 3x if they want but it has 0 bloatware, 0 telemetry or atleast everything can be disabled at the time of installation. It is literally windows designed from the ground up for maximum performance, runs as smooth as windows 7 or xp used to back in the good old days
by ccozan | 2025-09-07 07:16:43+00:00
Great app - but as other said, this only works to reinforce what you learn.

My experience learning Japanese is a follows: - learn the sounds - no need to learn the writing ( yet )

- immerse in language and culture - just watch anime and movies as much as possible - I tell you what happens: at some points your brain makes click! and you start seeing the words and the sounds. Nice about the japanese is the very finite sounds they use.

- when I heard the japanese spoken, I started to visualize in my mind vision the romaji , like mental writing -> then I started to replace the romaji with hiragana and now slowly I replace with kanji ( as much as possible , still learning ) so in this way I bring the writing like a transcription service.

Till now speaking is still hard as I am yet to grasp full grammar in expressing complex ideas. Japanese has a beautiful information compression by linking parts of the sentence in ( for now ) complex chains that express ideas. I mean, yes, if I am stranded in Japan, I will survive, but I wont be able to go out with my friends and tell a story. That is still very far away. Maybe this needs reading books.
by dingdingdang | 2025-09-07 07:17:02+00:00
No no, not at all, see: https://openai.com/index/why-language-models-hallucinate/ which was recently featured on the frontpage - excellent clean take on how to fix the issue (they already got a long way with gpt-5-thinking-mini). I liked this bit for clear outline of the issue:

´´´Think about it like a multiple-choice test. If you do not know the answer but take a wild guess, you might get lucky and be right. Leaving it blank guarantees a zero. In the same way, when models are graded only on accuracy, the percentage of questions they get exactly right, they are encouraged to guess rather than say “I don’t know.”

As another example, suppose a language model is asked for someone’s birthday but doesn’t know. If it guesses “September 10,” it has a 1-in-365 chance of being right. Saying “I don’t know” guarantees zero points. Over thousands of test questions, the guessing model ends up looking better on scoreboards than a careful model that admits uncertainty."´´´´
Show HN: Yet another chatbot widget I've built
by duverse | 2025-09-07 07:19:31+00:00
Hi HN!

So here's the story of my long way here.

Most AI chatbots are basically just wrappers around an LLM. Some of them can juggle context and maybe trigger pre-coded actions, but that's it. For an online store it's almost impossible to find a bot that can actually handle a whole catalog, recommend, search properly... And the few that can - they don’t optimize context at all, which blows up inference costs.

What I hacked together:

1. Built a crawler-bot that fully auto-indexes a site and structures info using sitemap / JSON+LD / OGP to make it cheaper and simpler.

2. Dumps everything into a vector DB, split into collections (products, faq, links...).

3. Each collection gets queried separately during convo, sorted by semantic closeness before hitting the prompt.

4. Topics get deduped with the same semantic search, so no flooding context with dupes.

5. Did some synthetic distillation to train the agent on conv style and specific rules.

6. Every conversation gets analyzed → notes → clustered semantically → grouped into threats, strengths & opportunities.

7. During conversation agent can choose a task you define and complete it.

User dialogs are pure gold for sales. Step 6 lets me see the aggregate picture: could be a product missing from the catalog or just a broken button — either way, it shows up at the top of the dashboard and makes it dead simple to spot where revenue is leaking.

So, what I've built?

Basically it's yet another chatbot, that is easy to use but does almost nothing until you assign some task.

Stage: live, pre-launch, demo w/o signup: https://whilio.com
by dang | 2025-09-07 07:19:51+00:00
We asked you not long ago to stop using HN primarily for political battle (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44448917), and we've asked you countless times before.

If you keep doing it, we are going to end up banning you. Please fix this.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
by dwattttt | 2025-09-07 07:20:10+00:00
The type isn't just there to make it easy to understand when you do it, it's for you a year later when you need to make a change further inside a codebase, far from where it's validated. Or for someone else who's never even seen the validation section of code.

I'm hung up on the type system because it's a great way to convey the validity of the data; it follows the data around as it flows through your program.

I don't (yet) Typescript, but jsdoc and linting give me enough type checking for my needs.
by procaryote | 2025-09-07 07:20:23+00:00
Depends on what you need.

If you specifically only care about moments in time, throwing away the input time zone might be fine.

If the application is more human centric, timezones are often very useful as humans move around but often think about time as timezone-relative. A log of your daily activities would be confusing if a past event logged as 09:16:01 suddenly showed up as 07:16:01 because you're travelling when viewing it.
by eterm | 2025-09-07 07:20:31+00:00
IMO, it made the one of the biggest mistakes that games can make: It just wasn't fun.

Browsing the reviews now, it's full of people saying how hard they tried to like the game. Good games make themselves effortless to enjoy. Even quite flawed games cause people to look past any awkwardness or glitchiness if they're fun at their core.

It's hard to express what makes unfun games not fun. But it was grindy in the wrong places, and just felt awkward to play. The balancing and pacing was terrible, and it just lacked charm.

It felt like it took itself really seriously, and it projected an air of superiority by deliberately not choosing to do some things that made the 2012/2016 XCOM games fun out of a sense that they were too "dumbed down".

If you go into developing a game being "Not X", then you better bring along a game-changing mechanic, graphics, or something else that separates and elevates you above that game. And PP didn't have that.
by subharmonicon | 2025-09-07 07:20:44+00:00
The blog post is about using an NVIDIA-specific tensor core API that they have built to get good performance.

Modular has been pushing the notion that they are building technology that allows writing HW-vendor neutral solutions so that users can break free of NVIDIA's hold on high performance kernels.

From their own writing:

> We want a unified, programmable system (one small binary!) that can scale across architectures from multiple vendors—while providing industry-leading performance on the most widely used GPUs (and CPUs).
by RossBencina | 2025-09-07 07:21:04+00:00
Plenty of confusion around monads, at least that was the case last time I checked.

Design patterns are not "just a convention" they are practical solutions to often encountered problems. They are a way of extracting commonly applied, useful solutions and documenting them for reuse. If you go and read a properly documented design pattern I think it's pretty hard to misunderstand what it is, what it's good for, when to apply it, and when maybe don't. But it is definitely possible to misapply them. I'm still living in the shadow of implementing Observer, and then trying to implement undo as an Observer by translating observed events into Commands and placing them on to the undo stack. Messy.
by lock1 | 2025-09-07 07:21:08+00:00
> Most people on earth should be using Linux

I don't think the current state of the Linux desktop is ready for that. Linux desktop still loves to show its sharp edges from time to time. Sure, I do also think most of Windows stuff now "just works" on Linux; Proton & Wine already cover a lot of "Windows-only" app I need and I only boot to Windows when I need to change some proprietary driver config.

However, I think "just works" here is different from the general population definition of "just works". HN folks probably don't even mind writing their own patches or compiling stuff for themself. But for the general population, people don't even change the default settings, let alone follow a tutorial or type in some commands on their terminal. People delegate this stuff to more "techie" people around them or dial customer support.

I don't think there will be a mass adoption of Linux desktop until this part gets ironed out or somehow everyone is forced to install Linux by their employer/school.
by wtallis | 2025-09-07 07:21:15+00:00
> It’s really the hardware block size that matters in this case (direct I/O). That value is a property of the hardware and can’t be changed.

NVMe drives have at least three "hardware block sizes". There's the LBA size that determines what size IO transfers the OS must exchange with the drive, and that can be re-configured on some drives, usually 512B and 4kB are the options. There's the underlying page size of the NAND flash, which is more or less the granularity of individual read and write operations, and is usually something like 16kB or more. There's the underlying erase block size of the NAND flash that comes into play when overwriting data or doing wear leveling, and is usually several MB. There's the granularity of the SSD controller's Flash Translation Layer, which determines the smallest size write the SSD can handle without doing a read-modify-write cycle, usually 4kB regardless of the LBA format selected, but on some special-purpose drives can be 32kB or more.

And then there's an assortment of hints the drive can provide to the OS about preferred granularity and alignment for best performance, or requirements for atomic operations. These values will generally be a consequence of the the above values, and possibly also influenced by the stripe and parity choices the SSD vendor made.
by marsavar | 2025-09-07 07:22:17+00:00
People are reacting quite strongly to this answer, but it is unfortunately correct. OP has essentially created an application for memorising vocabulary, which is... fine, and it's an achievement to be celebrated.

But no amount of flashcards will make you a competent language speaker. There is no substitute for immersion.

What made it really click for me for me was reading. Lots and lots of it. My suggestion is to start with short, easy stuff (stories for kids) and then move on to progressively harder material (short newspaper articles, essays).

I passed JLPT N1 back in 2013, and preparing for the test was just an exercise in memorising vocabulary and grammar patterns. What really made the language click for me was reading novels in Japanese. That alone helped me more than any amount of Anki-style JLPT prep material ever did.

Vocabulary is important, but it's much, much easier to absorb and retain if you learn it in context.
by seanmcdirmid | 2025-09-07 07:22:25+00:00
I’m pretty sure most rideshare services are forcing drivers to use their own map software. They aren’t using google, at least directly, and they are using routes recommended by the ride sharing companies themselves. Just replace them with AI already, Waymo was really good when I tried it in SF. Not technically ride share anymore though, I bet we see robo taxis eventually regulated like taxis when they eventually take over the market.
by ozgung | 2025-09-07 07:22:28+00:00
> Why do you think that this behaviour is more than simply averaging the outputs of millions of humans who understand, think, plan, etc.?

This is why it’s important to make the distinction that Machine Learning is a different field than Statistics. Machine Learning models does not “average” anything. They learn to generalize. Deep Learning models can handle edge cases and unseen inputs very well.

In addition to that, OpenAI etc. probably use a specific post-training step (like RLHF or better) for planning, reasoning, following instructions step by step etc. This additional step doesn’t depend on the outputs of millions of humans.
by goku12 | 2025-09-07 07:23:18+00:00
Multicellular life seems to have appeared independently from unicellular life several times in the past, including 6 instances of complex multicellular life from eukaryotic cells, that led to animals and land plants. It may also have happened repeatedly, with some disappearing altogether in course of time. Another important aspect of life is the extreme prevalance of symbiosis, even among unicellular life. It's even theorized that the genesis of the entire Eukaryota domain and many of its organnelles (notably mitochondria and chloroplasts) are the results of repeated cellular endosymbiosis where a unicellular organism consumed a prokaryote that eventually becomes a useful part of the host cell instead of its food.

Considering the two facts above and how often multicellular organisms and unicellular organisms interact, it's highly improbable that any multicellular organism would have evolved without developing a life sustaining dependence on a huge array of unicellular organisms. I would be very surprised if that happened.

I'm not dismissing your remark. Any day where you don't learn at least one new thing is a day wasted. But given the mathematical odds, what you said seems inevitable to me rather than a surprise.
by codedokode | 2025-09-07 07:24:22+00:00
File name is not a blob because it is entered by the user as a text string and displayed for the user as a text string and not as a bunch of hex digits. Also, it cannot contain some characters (like slash or null) so it's not a blob anyway.

And you should be using one specified encoding for file names if you want them to be displayed correctly in all applications. It would be inconvenient if different applications stored file names in different encodings.

For the same reason, encoding should be specified in libraries documentation for all functions accepting or returning strings.
by CodeMage | 2025-09-07 07:24:32+00:00
No, it's not. The key concept here is the reduction of coverage.

The opening part of the post makes certain claims -- "catch bugs before they ship" and "keep our master branch always clean" -- that can only be true if the coverage is not reduced. But, as other replies point out, if the heuristic for test selection has false negatives, the coverage is effectively reduced, which can result in bugs.

That problem can be bad enough when the heuristic is deterministic. AI throws determinism out of the window, which only exacerbates the problem.
by Veserv | 2025-09-07 07:24:46+00:00
7 GB/s at 512 KB block size is only ~14,000 IO/s which is a whopping ~70 us/IO. That is a trivial rate for even synchronous IO. You should only need one inflight operation (prefetch 1) to overlap your memory copy (to avoid serializing the IO with the memory copy) to get the full IO bandwidth.

Their referenced previous post [1] demonstrates ~240,000 IO/s when using basic settings. Even that seems pretty low, but is still more than enough to completely trivialize this benchmark and saturate the hardware IO with zero tuning.

[1] https://steelcake.com/blog/comparing-io-uring/
by numpad0 | 2025-09-07 07:25:58+00:00
There aren't because non-x86 computers are really poorly standardized. Most x86 PCs probably are capable of natively booting MS-DOS for an IBM 5170 PC/AT but iPhone 17,1 and iPhone 17,2 run completely different images. Efforts like PostmarketOS have no chances of success when literally everything is model subtype specific.
by QQ00 | 2025-09-07 07:27:20+00:00
for no telemetry and half the bloatware you can always use the enterprise version. it's also (n)x the price. there also the iot version which is more stripped down and get only security updates, no features updates or other craps.

I don't think we will ever see a new version the way you described it, the amount of information Microsoft get from spying and telemetry is so much more profitable they even gave 10/11 for free.