MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by dustbunny | 2025-09-12 23:14:13+00:00
The key line is actually this:

>An application that adheres to the REST architectural constraints may be informally described as RESTful, although this term is more commonly associated with the design of HTTP-based APIs and what are widely considered best practices regarding the "verbs" (HTTP methods) a resource responds to, while having little to do with REST as originally formulated—and is often even at odds with the concept.
by stevage | 2025-09-12 23:14:48+00:00
QGIS is a very useful tool that I often rely on for quick exploration of datasets in my work. But dear god the UI is in desperate need of a huge overhaul by someone who knows what they are doing.

Massed rows of toolbars with tiny icons, lots of unintuitive behaviour, and a few weird quirks.

It's a very powerful tool, but so much of its utility is completely inaccessible without tutorials and videos to explain it.
by ggm | 2025-09-12 23:16:12+00:00
Personally no. I remain sceptical about imputed p2e on almost all non tangible deliverables, ad revenue aside. Inflated licence costs and accounting tricks and brand power appear to a shitload of value carried into being. But, some companies (apple) are sitting on a lot of money, and their value proposition has grounding in real goods and a walled garden.

Others, (tesla) are precarious despite a rocket ride of share price and others (spacex) are changing a landscape in a specific, high cost area.

China operates in a different model. It has different cost of capital, labour, compliance. It also has a giant domestic market, 3x the scale of the US, and had three decades or more of enforced savings. The scale of suppressed spending demand in that place cannot be understated across this time.

India is more interesting in some ways because it's forcing its middle class out into the world and also growing its domestic economy, but without the Chinese state planning drives.

I think the next 50 years belongs to Asia. Europe will have to rethink itself, in a demographic decline, but resistance to growing its missing labour force from the obvious places in the Middle East and Africa. Latam economies seem stuck in the Sargasso sea of boom-bust.

I don't see how the US comes back from removing the underpinnings of the post Bretton Woods world of mutual trust.

I should point out a senior citizen friend invested in every stock I decried on moral and financial grounds and made bank on his stake over 18 months including crypto ETFs (God...) and I meanwhile depend on fund managers to plot my slow and steady pathway to the natural 7% longterm return. So, there's that: people who ignore me do significantly better in the short term.
by cj | 2025-09-12 23:16:42+00:00
For those curious, a common method is to publish the job listing in the newspaper classifieds.

This is what my old employer did to sponsor the visa for the company’s CTO.

Newspapers are used for a surprising number of various public announcements. E.g. in New York you must publish a notice in a newspaper for 6 weeks (or something like that) when establishing a LLC.

There’s something to be said for reading the paper even in 2025! Although I suppose the notices are probably also online..
by 1024core | 2025-09-12 23:17:41+00:00
A lot of these problems could be solved if H1-B's were given out in order of salary (I think there's such a proposal going around recently). And by that I mean: something like a Dutch auction. Give H1-Bs to the top 85K paying jobs (maybe normalized to SoL in the region, I'm sure the BLS has some idea on how to do it).

The lure of H1-Bs is the money savings, and the fact that if you're on an H1-B, you're practically an indentured servant (Yes, things have changed recently and it is easier on paper to switch jobs while on H1-B). It used to be that if you lost your job as an H1-B, you had 30 days to uproot your life and get out of the US otherwise you'd be in violation of immigration laws.
by auggierose | 2025-09-12 23:18:23+00:00
Here is a project in that direction: https://www.math.inc/gauss

I think that yes, math will become much more accessible, and pure brain power will become much less important to use and understand math successfully.

I don't like attitudes like that of hiAndrewQuinn. If you like math, just do it, there is no need for an IQ test.
by jridgewell | 2025-09-12 23:18:25+00:00
This isn't quite right. In invalid UTF8, a continuation byte can also emit a replacement char if it's the start of the byte sequence. Eg, `0b01100001 0b10000000 0b01100001` outputs 3 chars: a�a. Whether you're at the beginning of an output char depends on the last 1-3 bytes.
by locallost | 2025-09-12 23:18:34+00:00
This page and organization, WePlanet, is a rebrand of RePlanet. They advertise as a grassroots movement, but are funded by a hedge fund with a significant investment in fossil fuels [1].

I think their whole schtick is prolonging the current situation and betting on slow and expensive nuclear is a good strategy to prevent real change.

[1] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/30/climate-...
by pornel | 2025-09-12 23:18:45+00:00
It's quite the opposite. The number of high-quality maintained libraries is growing.

Rust keeps growing exponentially, but by Sturgeon's law for every one surviving library you're always going to have 9 crap projects that aren't going to make it. Unfortunately, crates.io sorts by keyword relevance, not by quality or freshness of the library, so whatever you search for, you're going to see 90% of crap.

There was always a chunk of libraries destined for the dustbin, but it wasn't obvious in the early days when all Rust libraries were new. But now Rust has survived long enough to outlive waves of early adopter libraries, and grow pile of obviously dead libraries. The ecosystem is so large that the old part is large too.

https://lib.rs/stats#crate-time-in-dev

Rust is now mainstream, so it's not a dozen libraries made by dedicated early adopters any more. People learning Rust publish their hello world toys, class assignments, their first voxel renderer they call a game engine. Startups drop dozens of libraries for their "ecosystem". Rust also lived through the peak of the cryptocurrency hype, so all these moon-going coins, smart contract VMs and NFTs exchanges now have a graveyard on crates.io.

When you run into dead libraries in Python or Java you don't think these languages are dying, it's just the particular libraries that didn't make it. JavaScript has fads and mass extinctions, and keeps going strong. Rust is old enough that it too has dead libraries, and big enough that it has both a large collection of decade-old libraries, as well as fads and fashions that come and go.
by throwawayffffas | 2025-09-12 23:19:14+00:00
Modern weapons use plutonium not uranium, uranium weapons can be constructed.

All it takes is the enrichment to produce the fissile material for a weapon.

As far as I know countries have agreed to not build weapons, with the exception of those that already have them, there is an international body that monitors enrichment sites, but checks are voluntary a country can choose to not accept inspections and/or build additional secret enrichment sites.

The fissile material is not sufficient for a weapon though, as I understand there is quite a bit of science that goes into making a bomb.

Additionally, first generation weapons are large and unwieldy, i.e it takes a bomber to deploy a single weapon with a very small yield.

Miniaturization, building a weapon small and light enough to put on a missile is a significant problem that took the current powers years to get over.

But that's about it, if you can figure out how to make a small bomb of variable yield, you can make bombs small enough to fit a large backpack, and thermonuclear weapons that fit in a ballistic missile as well.
by chickenzzzzu | 2025-09-12 23:19:26+00:00
How about we stop centralizing tech talent around 7 big companies that hire H1Bs, and instead let all companies engage in international (and domestic) exchanges of labor and services? Aka, all software engineers now self organize into small groups funded by independent contracts from larger companies.

This solves many, many problems, including where should laborers live, fairness in interviews, etc.
by imiric | 2025-09-12 23:19:55+00:00
Learning and using Emacs is possibly the activity with the highest ROI over time you can do if you work with text for a living. Maybe even if you don't.

Every time you modify it, you are improving your workflow. Those changes compound over time so that the system is always familiar, which makes interacting with text, the filesystem, network, and anything else you can manipulate with Elisp, that much easier, faster, and more comfortable. What you end up with is a system that is unique to you. A system that does what you want the way you want it, and never changes unless you want it to. In a world where software constantly changes and breaks, where new editors appear and disappear, using your own version of Emacs is incredibly comforting. There are no surprises, no rugpulls, no radical UI redesigns, no sneaky telemetry or tracking, no ads, no nagware, and so on. Anything you don't like can be removed, changed, or improved.

It's not perfect, of course. It's slow, alien in many ways, lags behind in features of modern editors, and has a brutally steep learning curve, especially if you're not familiar with Lisps. It may take you years to appreciate it, and a lifetime to understand it. But that's OK. You don't need to understand all of it. As long as you start the journey, you can learn on the way, and your experience will keep improving.
by alephnerd | 2025-09-12 23:20:02+00:00
Not a single one of them have had an immigration raid like Hyundai-LG. It would have been MASSIVE news like the ongoing one if it happened.

Hyundai has been notorious about this for decades in the US, like the ongoing child labor scandal [0]

[0] - https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-immi...
by coderenegade | 2025-09-12 23:21:20+00:00
My post wasn't about keeping the government honest, it was about the individual's right to protect themselves from anyone, including the government. Guns empower the individual to defend themselves without having to rely on the effective intervention of government, because they're an equalizer. This matters when the government loses effectiveness, either because resources are stretched thin (so, ineffective policing) or because incompetence or ideology creeps in (the judiciary does a poor job of removing dangerous individuals from the public). In places with effective governance, guns aren't really necessary, and it's tempting to trade them in for a small gain in security. The issue is that governments change over time, and effective systems can become ineffective. When that happens, people suddenly find themselves wanting guns again.

The debate over guns actually hinges on the extent to which the individual should be empowered to defend themselves, and historically, it hasn't just been about guns, but about all weapons, and even martial arts (which have also been banned at various points in history). Governments don't like to empower the individual, because they want to maintain a monopoly over violence (for many practical reasons), and because empowering individuals often creates its own set of trust problems (which is true for anything -- how many drivers are trustworthy, for example). Defenseless individuals are easier to govern from an administrative perspective, and if a government is good at protecting the populace from threats, it works. In fact, it can be better for the population as a whole, at least while the government is competent. But life is messy, and there are points where individuals need to defend themselves. As systems break down, not only does the need increase, but also the effectiveness of the means, because the threats you have to defend yourself against by definition don't play by the rules.

This, imo, is the real point of the second amendment. The Bill of Rights is essentially a declaration that certain rights are derived from a higher authority than government, which is why they are inalienable. No one needs permission to defend themselves, and it's my belief that the right to bear arms was put in there to ensure that should the system fail or become ineffective, the people would still be able to exercise one of their most fundamental natural rights. It certainly wasn't an accident, because it was the second thing that they added. The verbiage around government and militias makes sense in the context of having just fought a war of independence, but it also makes sense when you consider that it's often well-meaning governments that take this right away.
by abdibrokhim | 2025-09-12 23:21:33+00:00
This comprehensive tutorial walks you through building a sophisticated AI-powered English learning agent using OpenAI’s Realtime API, the OpenAI Agents SDK, and advanced tool calling capabilities. We’ll explore how to create an interactive voice agent that provides personalized learning experiences through backend API integration.

Table of Contents Project Overview Architecture & Technology Stack Setting Up the Foundation Building the Agent Configuration System Implementing Tool Calling for API Integration Creating the Realtime Voice Agent Implementing Guardrails & Content Moderation Frontend Integration with Next.js Real-time Session Management Testing & Deployment Best Practices & Lessons Learned

Project Overview Englify is an AI-powered English tutoring assistant that leverages:

Real-time voice conversations using OpenAI’s Realtime API Intelligent tool calling to access backend learning resources Personalized learning through user profile and progress tracking Content moderation to ensure safe, educational interactions Responsive web interface built with Next.js and React Key Features Voice-activated English conversation practice Personalized content recommendations based on user level Real-time access to podcasts, movies, books, and learning materials Leaderboard and progress tracking Educational content filtering and moderation Architecture & Technology Stack
by sothatsit | 2025-09-12 23:21:43+00:00
I was arguing against your dismissal of the value proposition of LLMs. I wasn't arguing about the case of open-source maintainers getting spammed by low-quality issues and PRs (where I think we agree on a lot of points).

The way that you argued that the value proposition of LLMs makes no sense takes a really black-and-white view of modern AI. There are actually a lot of tasks where verification is easier than doing the task yourself, even in areas where you are not an expert. You just have to actually do the verification (which is the primary problem with open-source maintainers getting spammed by people who do not verify anything).

For example, I have recently been writing a proxy for work, but I'm not that familiar with networking setups. But using LLMs, I've been able to get to a robust solution that will cover our use-cases. I didn't need to be an expert in networking. My experience in other areas of computer science combined with LLMs to help me research let me figure out how to get our proxy to work. Maybe there is some nuance I am missing, but I can verify that the proxy correctly gets the traffic and I can figure out where it needs to go, and that's enough to make progress.

There is some academic purity lost in this process of using LLMs to extend the boundary of what you can accomplish. This has some pretty big negatives, such as allowing people with little experience to create incredibly insecure software. But I think there are a lot more cases where if you verify the results you get, and you don't try to extend too far past your knowledge, it gives people great leverage to do more. This is to say, you don't have to be an expert to use an LLM for a task. But it does help a lot to have some knowledge about related topics at least, to ground you. Therefore, I would say LLMs can greatly expand the scope of what you can do, and that is of great value (even if they don't help you do literally everything with a high likelihood of success).

Additionally, coding agents like Claude Code are incredible at helping you get up-to-speed with how an existing codebase works. It is actually one of the most amazing use-cases for LLMs. It can read a huge amount of code and break it down for you so you can start figuring out where to start. This would be of huge help when trying to contribute to someone else's repository. LLMs can also help you with finding where to make a change, writing the patch, setting up a test environment to verify the patch, looking for project guidelines/styleguides to follow, helping you to review your patch against those guidelines, and helping you to write the git commit and PR description. There's so many areas where they can help in open-source contributions.

The main problem in my eyes is people that come to a project and make a PR because they want the "cred" of contributing with the least possible effort, instead of because they have an actual bug/feature they want to fix/add to the project. The former is noise, but the latter always has at least one person who benefits (i.e., you).
by barrkel | 2025-09-12 23:22:29+00:00
You usually want O(1) indexing when you're implementing views over a large string. For example, a string containing a possibly multi-megabyte text file and you want to avoid copying out of it, and work with slices where possible. Anything from editors to parsing.

I agree though that usually you only need iteration, but string APIs need to change to return some kind of token that encapsulates both logical and physical index. And you probably want to be able to compute with those - subtract to get length and so on.
by kccqzy | 2025-09-12 23:23:24+00:00
The lure of H-1B is not really the money savings. Go look at the graduating class of computer science students at large universities. A large fraction are international students. Universities thrive on them since they pay the most tuition and are generally not allowed any financial aid. Companies want to hire them in addition to U.S. citizens. That's it. No Silicon Valley company that I know of pays H-1B and citizens different wages on that basis.

The difficulty of switching jobs on H1-B has always been a myth. Voluntary job switches are just as easy as U.S. citizens. You just line up things well without the possibility of taking a long break in between jobs. Dealing with unexpected job terminations (fired or laid off) is the problem.
by valorzard | 2025-09-12 23:23:53+00:00
I'm pretty sure this still uses STUN/TURN [0], it just uses Nostr and friends as a signaling server. Again, the main stumbling block of WebRTC is the signaling server stuff. STUN/TURN is honestly pretty trivial

[0] https://github.com/dmotz/trystero/blob/65fa48e33c82a7d0fa627...
by tialaramex | 2025-09-12 23:24:18+00:00
Things that live forever can be immutably borrowed, no problem.

So rather than a non-owning pointer, you'd just use a &'static here - the immutable borrow which (potentially) lives forever

Years ago it was tricky to write the "forever, once initialized" type, you'd need a third party crate to do it stably. But today you can just use std::sync::LazyLock which lets you say OK, the first time somebody wants this thing we'll make it, and subsequently it just exists forever.

[If you need to specify some runtime parameters later, but still only initialize once and re-use you want OnceLock not LazyLock, the OnceLock is allowed to say there isn't a value yet]

Intrusive lists are one of those things where technically you might need them, but so often they're just because a C or C++ programmer knew how to write one. They're like the snorkel on the 4x4 I see parked in my street. I'd be surprised if they've ever driven it on a muddy field, much less anywhere the snorkel would help.

A retained mode GUI looks like a hierarchy to me, how do you say it isn't?
by ysleepy | 2025-09-12 23:25:09+00:00
How about allowing users to disable internet access on a per-app basis?

If Apple had user's security in mind, it should be the easiest thing in the world to do. - My local password manager / OTP app doesn't need internet and I want to exclude the possibility of exfiltration.

Love the mitigation tech, but politically Apple is only interested as long as it doesn't hurt their cash cow. Ad tech and app devs with spyware.
by modeless | 2025-09-12 23:25:19+00:00
UTF-8 is great and I wish everything used it (looking at you JavaScript). But it does have a wart in that there are byte sequences which are invalid UTF-8 and how to interpret them is undefined. I think a perfect design would define exactly how to interpret every possible byte sequence even if nominally "invalid". This is how the HTML5 spec works and it's been phenomenally successful.
by khalic | 2025-09-12 23:25:41+00:00
Funny how all the nuclear chills forget the plethora of issues that come with that tech.

- who has access to nuclear power? - what happens to nuclear reactors during war? - where does the Uranium come from? - how long does it take to build a reactor? - how many long term solutions have been developed in the more than 60 years of this technology’s existence?

Not saying nuclear doesn’t have a place, but let’s not be blind to the long list of complications that come with it.
by pfdietz | 2025-09-12 23:27:18+00:00
LNT is not known to over-estimate lethalities at low doses. The actual situation is that the predicted deaths at low doses occur at such a low rate that the signal cannot be detected above the noise. That doesn't mean the prediction was wrong, just that it cannot be verified. It's possible (as in, consistent with evidence) that LNT under-predicts deaths at low doses.
by Fade_Dance | 2025-09-12 23:27:38+00:00
>over the past 25 years are justified?

There have been periods of extreme excess (DotCom bust, the end of the ZIRP era), but overall I find it hard to argue that there hasn't been value creation for investors.

>China

Investing in China is a different paradigm than investing in US companies. By and large, Chinese companies do not put returning capital to shareholders as the top priority, and they are also restrained by government priorities (and it's not smart to violate the red lines - both the explicit and implicit red lines - see the tech crackdown a few years back).

This also goes for one of the most important elements for VC, which is cashing out. Remember DIDI and their clawed back IPO? In those cases the investors don't just lose their money, the people who violated the principles may be taken in for re-education and get blackballed from business entirely.

That said, the mainland Chinese equity/IPO space has gotten much more developed recently, and the government has even prioritized promoting things like the STAR (tech) exchange. This should theoretically make pushing startups to IPO have less friction, and I'd expect Chinese VC to continue to develop amidst this backdrop (and sure, valuations could rise with it). At the end of the day the Chinese startup scene doesn't have the trillion dollar right tail like the US does though. Returns are a bit capped, because anything of critical importance is going to be at least partially guided by the state instead of in the US, where by and large it's entirely about shareholders.
by spit2wind | 2025-09-12 23:27:48+00:00
> (until you're trying to debug some slightly annoying behavior or crufty event loop thing ;)

What do you mean by this? One can look at Emacs itself as a crusty event loop with some slightly annoying behavior. But seriously, I am curious what you mean.

You may already know (and others may not):

- `M-x toggle-debug-on-error` throws you into the debugger on any error (note this isn't "visual" the edebugger!). Use C-h m to see the navigation commands/keys

- Use (debug) to set a breakpoint in Lisp code

- depending on the circumstances, the edebugger may be more helpful. I always instrument the function to debug with `C-u C-M-x` from within the function's form and use `C-M-x` to interpret it (sorry, I forget the underlying commands)

Of course, there's great documentation for both the debugger and edebugger.