MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by softwaredoug | 2025-08-06 20:45:06+00:00
One misread of the situation by the GOP: now their own voters would be just as negatively impacted by the sorts of changes they want to make. They have as many rural voters that rarely vote, may not have ID, may not be able to navigate election bureaucracy, etc as the Dems.

Like I bet the electoral make-up of "people with passports" skews rather left
by CoolNamesAllTkn | 2025-08-06 20:45:35+00:00
This book is a great reference! Junzi has it in website form as well: https://mode-s.org/1090mhz/ Much more affordable than purchasing a copy of DO-260.

I consulted it a lot while working on an open-source ADS-B receiver project that decodes Mode S using RP2040 PIO. https://github.com/CoolNamesAllTaken/adsbee/
by CSP_Jobs | 2025-08-06 20:46:07+00:00
I've been gainfully employed for well over a decade working on it and it's been around in one form or another for over 40 years. We're constantly improving performance and capabilities, adding support for more hardware, supporting the specific needs of our customers etc... Just like any modern operating system, it's never really "complete". STOP is a "security from the ground up" OS, where security isn't just a first-order priority, it's the entire point, typically used in/as multilevel security solutions.
by exceptione | 2025-08-06 20:46:07+00:00
I don't want to depress people, but try to zoom out a bit.

1. This is just one part of the slope from which the republic has been sliding down from anocracy towards autocracy. 2. You, reading and trying to process this, are an exception. Now imagine that the vast majority of the public does not have any overview and is not aware, being smothered in us-vs-them vibes. 3. You, being a normal human being, trying to make sense of it, trying to see if you can interpret this as normal. When we see something alarming but don't get an `ACK` from our social system, we shut off the internal alarm. This is the original sin of the media rooms, as their role in democracy is to see the big picture; they should ACK, they should sound the alarm loud and clear.
by mystraline | 2025-08-06 20:46:13+00:00
You're completely off the mark on this, and speaking like a landlord.

> This doesn’t feel like a policy failure, IMO. Renters have the option to live in a free standing home while they save for a down payment, and “investors” have an incentive to increase density/add to the housing stock.

First, when you have a renter, your payment is the "mortgage + tax liability + chunk of profit usually 25-50%"

Nobody, except for IT can save in predatory environment like that, no matter how much you wish it so.

And you're double-dipping by having THEM pay your mortgage and handsome profit on top. And for what? A "let them eat cake" comment. Im sure someone paying 50% or more their income can 'save for a mortgage'.

Knowing this scam, by the time they save up 50k, the bank will demand 100k down. But landlords can just capitalize on existing equity. Its a scam, through and through, that punishes renters.

We do need residences. And they're simple to build. They're called "rent controlled apartments". But 'ewww socialism' rears its ugly head.
by rstuart4133 | 2025-08-06 20:46:35+00:00
I moved very slowly. It unfolded it wings when I approached, but didn't fly. The wings looked too small to me.

Magpies are everywhere. As you probably know, if you treat wild magpie well it becomes friends for life. Treat them badly and you or someone else in the neighbourhood could lose an eyeball. It amazes me how many people treat them badly.
by xracy | 2025-08-06 20:47:03+00:00
He must also be trying to suspend Habeas Corpus and the Emoluments for personal gain!

We can likely agree that some of this is an accident, but what we won't agree on is how much given that some of the removal is distinctly useful for this administration. But yeah "haha, the US government has become so incompetent + evil we can't tell what's an accident and what's malicious!"
by klarainc | 2025-08-06 20:47:03+00:00
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by fzeroracer | 2025-08-06 20:47:08+00:00
The thing is, if you think about this for even two seconds you realize how hard it is to actually commit voting fraud. That's why most of the known fraud occurs not by individuals but by intermediaries 'losing' votes.

If I say I'm John Doe at James Lane then you can trivially verify this in multiple ways. You can check the prior voting records, you can check the death records, you can check property information. If another person comes by and says they're John Doe at James Lane then you can send mail to said address asking them to verify their identity / vote.
by _verandaguy | 2025-08-06 20:47:18+00:00
> But... why would libpupa’s author write a version range that includes versions that don’t exist yet? How could they know that liblupa 0.7.9, whenever it will be released, will continue to work with libpupa? Surely they can’t see the future? Semantic versioning is a hint, but it has never been a guarantee. > For that, kids, I have no good answer.

Because semantic version is good enough for me, as a package author, to say with a good degree of confidence, "if security or stability patches land within the patch (or sometimes, even minor) fields of a semver version number, I'd like to have those rolled out with all new installs, and I'm willing to shoulder the risk."

You actually kind-of answer your own question with this bit. Semver not being a guarantee of anything is true, but I'd extend this (and hopefully it's not a stretch): package authors will republish packages with the same version number, but different package contents or dependency specs. Especially newer authors, or authors new to a language or packaging system, or with packages that are very early in their lifecycle.

There are also cases where packages get yanked! While this isn't a universally-available behaviour, many packaging systems acknolwedge that software will ship with unintentional vulnerabilities or serious stability/correctness issues, and give authors the ability to say, "I absolutely have to make sure that nobody can install this specific version again because it could cause problems." In those cases, having flexible subdependency version constraints helps.

It might be helpful to think by analogy here. If a structure is _completely rigid,_ it does have some desirable properties, not the least of which being that you don't have to account for the cascading effects of beams compressing and extending, elements of the structure coming under changing loads, and you can forget about accounting for thermal expansion or contraction and other external factors. Which is great, in a vacuum, but structures exist in environments, and they're subject to wear from usage, heat, cold, rain, and (especially for taller structures), high winds. Incorporating a planned amount of mechanical compliance ends up being the easier way to deal with this, and forces the engineers behind it to account for failure modes that'll arise over its lifetime.
by FirmwareBurner | 2025-08-06 20:47:21+00:00
They want you to do it in person because there they can:

1. brand protestors as radicals and arrest them, serving as a public warning to deter others.

2. police(outside the US) have a major force advantage over unarmed population and can easily overpower you, whereas online they do not have any kind of power without censorship, which is why they're trying to gain control over it
by andrewla | 2025-08-06 20:47:36+00:00
This is really clever but better to call this a list rather than an array; functions which expect array semantics will simply not work, and there's no way to transparently pass slices of this data structure around.

In the past I've abused virtual memory systems to block off a bunch of pages after my array. This lets you use an array data structure, have guard pages to prevent out of bounds access, and to have stable pointers in the data structure.
by sjrd | 2025-08-06 20:47:40+00:00
Having read the article and read some of the comments here, I think many could learn from dependency management rules in the Scala ecosystem.

Scala uses Maven repositories (where the common practice is to use fixed dependency versions) but with different resolution rules:

* When there are conflicting transitive versions, the highest number prevails (not the closest to the root).

* Artifacts declare the versioning scheme they use (SemVer is common, but there are others)

* When resolving a conflict, the resolution checks whether the chosen version is compatible with the evicted version according to the declared version scheme. If incompatible, an error is reported.

* You can manually override a transitive resolution and bypass the error if you need to.

The above has all the advantages of all the approaches advocated for here:

* Deterministic, time-independent resolution.

* No need for lock files.

* No silent eviction of a version in favor of an incompatible one.

* For compatible evictions, everything works out of the box.

* Security update in a transitive dependency? No problem, declare a dependency on the new version. (We have bots that even automatically send PRs for this.)

* Conflicting dependencies, but you know what you're doing? No problem, force an override.
by Ygg2 | 2025-08-06 20:47:41+00:00
Honestly. I think it is. All software exists in a kind of attract consumer/developer evolutionary race.

If I assume your point is true, wouldn't everyone then just switch to Paint for all 2D picture editing? I mean it's the fastest - opens instantly on my machine vs 3-4sec for Krita/Gimp/Photoshop. But it's also bare bones. So why isn't Paint universal used by everyone?

My assumption: what people want is to not waste their time. If a program is 3 seconds slower to start/edit, but saves you 45 minutes of fucking around in a less featureful editor, it's obvious which one is more expedient in the long run.
by yawaramin | 2025-08-06 20:48:00+00:00
> compile and run programs with incompatible version dependencies and then they crash at some point

Just because Java does this doesn't mean every language has to. It's not strongly tied to the dependency management system used. You could have this even with a Java project using lockfiles.

> a package 5 layers deep is unmaintained and is on an ancient dependency version, other stuff needs a newer version. Now what? Manually dig through dependencies and update versions?

Alternatively, just specify the required version in the top-level project's dependency set, as suggested in the article.
by bpt3 | 2025-08-06 20:48:05+00:00
2021 called, it would like its performative talking points back.

Build more housing, and "predatory" landlords will have more competition. The endless restrictions on residential construction are the root cause, not your envy of wealthy individuals.

Side point: There are many people who are in no position to own a home or have one built for them. Where do they live if there aren't any landlords?
by ayaros | 2025-08-06 20:48:10+00:00
Screw this. I didn't put effort into writing many paragraphs of content for my own websites just so it could be summarized by an LLM. I wrote it because I wanted other human beings to read it.

This is just yet another person running an AI company telling me why I should provide free data and labor to the LLMs that power their company. These AI companies are acting as middlemen between the end-user and the content creator; its the latest iteration of an age-old business model which works-out great for the middlemen. Meanwhile, people on either side are taken advantage of.

If the "next-generation" of search is accessed mostly through an LLM, then there's no incentive to participate in it unless you're directly selling a product or service... and then you have to hope and pray the LLM doesn't lie and misrepresent you. Otherwise, if you're making a website to share information or show off your own work, there's zero incentive to participate.

If AI companies want to pay me cold hard cash every time they query my site, then we can negotiate.
by nemomarx | 2025-08-06 20:48:25+00:00
Also if you have work that doesn't line up exactly with the shelters opening or close, or you want to not be abused or assaulted at the shelter, or...

There are cases where the street is safer or has more autonomy, like you say. Solutions need to offer similar things, so privacy, the ability to indulge in some little pleasures, to come and go at your own schedule are basic table stakes.
by throwmeaway222 | 2025-08-06 20:48:27+00:00
I think there is also

3. Transient homeless that tried to get back on their feet but was met with the notion that all the options were eventually exhausted (they lived on their friend's couch until he got married). They even had dishwasher jobs, but inevitably, because rent was $2000 more than they would ever have - they decided to do drugs and live on the street because no amount of work at the wage they would be paid would ever make their life meaningful.
by gruez | 2025-08-06 20:48:27+00:00
That's actually no longer true, due to changes in voting demographics for both parties:

>The best evidence seems to be that the impact of restrictive laws is minimal. An analysis published in the Quarterly Journal of Economics of 1.6bn voting records from every state in America found that strict voter ID rules, on average, neither significantly suppressed votes nor prevented fraud. Nor do ID laws hurt Democrats any longer, according to research by Jeffrey Harden and Alejandra Campos. Whereas in 2010 voter ID laws reduced Democratic vote share by 3%, by 2020 they increased it slightly. Because of the changes in party voting coalitions, the overall effect of the next phase of even tighter voting rules could now “easily be a wash” when it comes to benefiting one party or the other, says Nicholas Stephanopoulos, who studies elections at Harvard University.

https://archive.is/iPSiY
by awongh | 2025-08-06 20:48:34+00:00
Unfortunately the new victims in the system of LLMs and the way they distribute knowledge is the specialized content website.

Now an LLM just knows all the content you painstakingly gathered on your site. (It could also be, and is likely that it was also collected from other hard to find sites across the internet).

The original web killed off the value of a certain kind of knowledge (encyclopedias, etc.) and LLMs will do the same.

There are plenty of places to place the blame, but this is a function of any LLM, and a funcamental way LLMs work, not just a problem created and profited from by Google- for example the open-weight models, where no-one is actually profiting directly.
by BlandDuck | 2025-08-06 20:48:40+00:00
Standard theories of production clearly distinguish between fixed and variable costs. Moreover, it is well understood that this distinction depends on the time horizon, with more costs being variable for longer horizons.

Moreover, concepts like economics of scale (with low marginal costs of producing an additional unit, as you state as an example) are well understood for certain products in certain circumstances.

The distinction between and relevance of average and marginal costs is taught in undergraduate classes.

Whether or not you can draw a nice diagram of supply and demand is pretty irrelevant for professional economists and our understanding of markets, their dynamics, and equilibria.
by akmiller | 2025-08-06 20:48:41+00:00
I'm not an economist but if you listen to Gary Stevenson talk about this very issue he discusses it in depth. But, when it comes down to it if EVERYTHING is getting more expensive that looking at on variable in one market can't be the crux of the issue.

When you have large transfers of wealth and the wealth gap grows significantly the only thing for rich people to do is buy up assets. Assets are fixed, so the share of assets owned by rich people are drastically increasing. This is inline with the # of houses owned by private investors and #'s of assets owned by other investors will reveal the same thing.
by devjab | 2025-08-06 20:49:08+00:00
There is a rather big difference between traditional SQLAlchemy and Advanced Alchemy which is also made by Litestar. We've build with pure SQL and with SQLAlchemy in the past, but since we transitioned from django ninja to Litestar, we've not used SQLAlchemy and are slowly moving away from it. Well I guess Advanced Alchemy is still SQLAlchemy under the hood.
by lo_zamoyski | 2025-08-06 20:49:14+00:00
> If you want to fix CA real estate, scrap prop 13, force granny to sell and move to the boonies (to avoid the massively ratcheted property tax she will now be paying), and you’ll have a massive supply of homes for sale.

Sounds callous.

I would focus first on banning the use of homes as investment and permitting mixed-use, medium- to high- density construction (with something like 15 min city as a point of reference) before we reach for the big hammer and start coercing the poors out of their homes.
by dang | 2025-08-06 20:50:07+00:00
Related. Others?

Show HN: Pg_CRDT – CRDTs in Postgres Using Automerge - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43655920 - April 2025 (4 comments)

Automerge: A library of data structures for building collaborative applications - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40976731 - July 2024 (58 comments)

Automerge-Repo: A "batteries-included" toolkit for local-first applications - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38193640 - Nov 2023 (43 comments)

Automerge 2.0 - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34586433 - Jan 2023 (89 comments)

Automerge CRDT – Build local-first software - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30881016 - April 2022 (8 comments)

Automerge: A JSON-like data structure (a CRDT) that can be modified concurrently - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30412550 - Feb 2022 (69 comments)

Automerge: a new foundation for collaboration software [video] - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29501465 - Dec 2021 (29 comments)

Automerge: A library [..] for building collaborative applications in JavaScript - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24791713 - Oct 2020 (1 comment)

Automerge: JSON-like data structure for building collaborative apps - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16309533 - Feb 2018 (98 comments)
by Fomite | 2025-08-06 20:50:09+00:00
> Why? What happens if you as a tenured PI say no?

In the last lets say five years of my career, the range of possible consequences for this range from "Mildly annoying a colleague I like" to "Catastrophic outcomes for a 100+ million dollar research program".

Will I get fired? No. But we can't both argue that academia is incentivized toward grant-getting (which is true) and that pissing off the people who award and administer those grants is consequence free.

It also includes leaving a whole study section in the lurch (I was recruited for specific expertise, the meeting time was published in the Federal register, and then it had to move to an online format, which a 6 AM start for PST folks).

Or collaborators in various foreign countries who need to talk outside regular business hours.

A non-fixed schedule (and I only have one because I rarely teach - the times I do teach my schedule is much more rigid) is like unlimited paid leave. It's very nice, but it also has downsides - you can't reach for business hours. It works for me, but it also makes my GP go a little pale whenever I document my sleep schedule.

Ironically, the only colleague of mine I know who does do a good job with work boundaries does so by assertively working 9 to 5.

> Your graduate students are paid less than minimum wage and are often immigrants from poorer countries.

My unionized graduate students are paid considerably more than minimum wage.

> Use your imagination. What's to stop you from recruiting a bunch of students and offloading all your grant writing to them, hunger games style?

To be blunt? All our graduate students write a mock proposal as part of a professional development course. They are not good at writing proposals.

Beyond that, much of the actual work I do has nothing to do with what graduate students do. I'm not going to have a graduate student review and prepare my department's packets for this year for the Tenure and Promotion Committee. Or have yet another fight with IT. Or figure out how to best represent programs that exist in a multidisciplinary department so they both have a sense of identity but don't undermine a coherent whole (though I will ask their input on that, because it matters to them).

Academia has very real problems, including some of the ones discussed in this article. But Hacker News is very bad at understanding how academia actually works on a pragmatic level, including things like what being a professor is actually like, or how indirect costs work, etc. Even those who have been to graduate school struggle with it - partially because academia is bad at actually teaching to so-called "hidden curriculum" of how being a PI actually works.
by ndiddy | 2025-08-06 20:50:38+00:00
Here's a complimentary article from Bill Yeager's perspective: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=1407787

> I asked Len why he wanted my source code, and he told me that facilities wanted to take over the router/EtherTIP’s development because I couldn’t dedicate myself to full-time support of the system I had invented and developed with help from Mike and Benjy over the past five years. This request seemed reasonable to me, so I gave him the access he requested and thanked him for his willingness to maintain and improve the software. I didn’t know that Len and Sandy Lerner had incorporated Cisco Systems a year earlier or that Len might have had an ulterior motive: to do a rewrite and then copyright the sources as Cisco Systems’ intellectual property.

> I learned about Cisco a year later when I was called into Stanford’s legal department and told to bring a hard copy of my sources. Needless to say, I was a little nervous. Upon arrival, I was greeted by Stanford lawyer Iris Brest, who explained Cisco’s existence and Len, Sandy, and Kirk’s involvement. She then asked me to compare the Sumex-AIM sources with the EE sources that Kirk had written and tell her if I thought the work was derivative. Most of the EE sources could best have been described as plagiarized or paraphrased: variable names were changed, subroutines were renamed, and large data structures were broken into smaller ones, but identical parts abounded throughout the code. Kirk had added new features and removed others, but the “derivation” was obvious even to Iris who, from what I could tell, didn’t have a technical background. She thanked me, kept my sources, and sent me on my way.

> Just to be clear, I didn’t object to the formation of Cisco Systems or its use of the code I had invented — in fact, I was pleased that work of which I was extremely proud could be used in this manner. However, I did object to the theft of intellectual property implicit in Cisco’s copyright on the sources.