MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by zamadatix | 2025-08-06 21:03:03+00:00
Because we have 8 bit bytes we are familiar with the famous or obvious cases multiples-of-8-bits ran out, and those cases sound a lot better with 12.5% extra bits. What's harder to see in this kind of thought experiment is what the famously obvious cases multiples-of-9-bits ran out would have been. The article starts to think about some of these towards the end, but it's hard as it's not immediately obvious how many others there might be (or, alternatively, why it'd be significantly different total number of issues than 8 bit bytes had). ChatGPT particularly isn't going to have a ton of training data about the problems with 9 bit multiples running out to hand feed you.

It also works in the reverse direction too. E.g. knowing networking headers don't even care about byte alignment for sub fields (e.g. a VID is 10 bits because it's packed with a few other fields in 2 bytes) I wouldn't be surprised if IPv4 would have ended up being 3 byte addresses = 27 bits, instead of 4*9=36, since they were more worried with small packet overheads than matching specific word sizes in certain CPUs.
by legitster | 2025-08-06 21:03:04+00:00
If you ever work with the homeless, it's a common trope. People seek out tent camping as a form of long-term security.

There's a great Conversations with Tyler where he interviews a prominent homeless person in the DC era and one of the topics he brings up is specifically stratification amongst these groups:

https://conversationswithtyler.com/episodes/alexander-the-gr...
by abeppu | 2025-08-06 21:03:18+00:00
~60% of Americans can't handle a surprise expense of $1k. "A few" missed paychecks is generally going to be more than a $1k disruption. My understanding is lots of places have relatively little protections for tenants. Once you're behind on your rent, how are people in this position going to catch up?

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/saving-money-emergency-expenses...
by davidkunz | 2025-08-06 21:03:32+00:00
Thank you all for these great and detailed explanations, I've learned a lot! I like the approach with an optional pointer, it fits to zig's philosophy quite well. Although there's a bit of a disconnect between the unadorned error and the corresponding data struct. I could imagine it requires care when the data struct is a union, as one needs to know which error corresponds to which variant.
by watwut | 2025-08-06 21:03:45+00:00
That is not true? Tent it a place super easy to steal from which is something homeless deal with constantly. They can not choose where they live all that much, because they get kicked from most places.

> If you realize that our human ancestors lived in hovels and tents for thousands and thousands of years, it's not too hard to believe that modern humans can adapt back to similar living conditions.

Humans build permanent houses pretty much the moment they could. The nomads were nomads because they had to.
by jrockway | 2025-08-06 21:03:53+00:00
You have to think about other users as well. One person taking advantage of you doesn't mean you have to cut off all the people not taking advantage of you.

Expecting a reward from open source software is a recipe for disappointment. I have contributed code to projects by companies that say I'm a mentally-ill household object. I'm not going to change the license of my open source projects to get back at them, because the collateral damage against entities that aren't evil simply isn't worth it. (It's also somewhat unlikely that the people working on NTP servers at Facebook wrote those policies, so...)
by gherkinnn | 2025-08-06 21:04:22+00:00
Other than the strange scrolling (works on my iOS Safari, but why?) this is very well done. Clearly a lot of thought went in to it, many nice details in the assets and overall presentation. The illustrations of the drivers and their cars are separate layers than move ever so slightly. That amount of care isn't strictly required but it was done and my day is better for it. Thanks.

No affiliation, no interest in F1, just basking in good work.

Finally, the v12 Ferrari engine sounds the best. Fight me.
by kergonath | 2025-08-06 21:04:46+00:00
It was. There were blogs, news, forums, shops. I was buying CDs off Amazon and computers on the Apple Store in 2000. I met my wife on a PHPBB forum. I read hours upon hours of research on the Noldor language on someone’s blog. Jon Stokes and John Siracusa (and many others) were posting on Ars, including what was becoming the future of MacOS. Anandtech was already there, even if it had a lot of room to grow and improve.

I really don’t know where you got that impression.
by 8n4vidtmkvmk | 2025-08-06 21:05:15+00:00
I never understood those kinds of changes. If you really, really, really want to rename something, deprecate the old thing and make it an alias for the new thing. Don't delete it. Just add compatibility shims. Then after 5 or 10 years, take a pulse of the community. If they've mostly migrated off, go ahead and delete. If it's still actively used... Keep it, or even undeprecate it because clearly it's wanted.
by ceckGrad | 2025-08-06 21:05:29+00:00
>that's not how a scientist defines irrationality. ... >In discussions about, for example, dark matter,

I am delighted to hear that you are such an expert in how scientists define things. Can I safely assume your expertise in the history, philosophy, and practice of science is the result of graduating from one or more specialized programs? You don't have to share your own publication list -- I'm sure you have too many publications to mention here -- just tell me the basis of your academic authority and we can sort out the argument from there.
by tmnvix | 2025-08-06 21:05:43+00:00
You might find the following video useful: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJ2AokZujC0 (The UK’s Online Safety Act didn’t come from Parliament or the public) Jump to about the 4:20 mark to skip the history of Carnegie.

The video makes the case that it was private interests that pushed for this in the UK - specifically the Carnegie 'charity'. They apparently defined the problem (i.e. what 'online harms' are), lobbied for it to be addressed, and then largely authored the policy/solution.

Edit: The claim is also made that Carnegie operates parallel influence and alignment campaigns globally. That may reveal the link you are looking for.
by NoMoreNicksLeft | 2025-08-06 21:05:46+00:00
>All of this is an argument for version control--

Do you know of another version control system that is superior to git?

Is there something special about legislation which makes it incompatible with git, that another version control system would be better at?

There's nothing sacred or special about the sausage-making that is legislation. It is a clunky process done poorly with bad tools.

>But not an argument for git, which even sucks at things like tracking where code is moved to and from.

Which is good, because that's not an issue in legislation. What's important is who authored the code, when it was introduced, what changes have been made to it since, and tracking things like votes/ratification/signing. These are all doable in git. No one much cares if subsection eleventy clause 9b-ii says in subsection eleventy or is moved to umpty-four. I can see how that can be a problem in software, but the processors legislation runs on don't much care.

>And no one was offering to run this experiment for free that I could see.

I don't think dang or anyone else is going back around and ninja-deleting my comments, they are there for everyone to see. Like this one...

>>>I wanted to do the Constitution (and US law in general) in git, but dates before unix epoch weren't possible. I don't think it's since been fixed. I had went so far as to start digging up treaties (about 700 of them, ratified) and draft constitutions (would have been non-master branches of some sort).

Maybe you got my stuff confused with someone else's. The comment tree seems to move around as they're re-ranked.
by tracker1 | 2025-08-06 21:06:40+00:00
Well... being lucky enough to negotiate a fairly liberal licensing agreement with a tech juggernaut as MS did with IBM for something as critical as the OS? Not likely.

AMD has been making chips literally for decades with investments in Billions. They had to spin their fab business off it was too expensive to keep up with. And even now, it's taken nearly a decade of competitive and leading products to make inroads, and even then they're still under 50% of x86 computers in use.

Linux has been around over 30 years, and is just now cracking 5% desktop market share. This happens while Windows has become less than 10% of Microsoft revenue, with well over a decade of "free" upgrades.

So, yeah, if you're able to get a company started... get billions invested... able to create compelling products without triggering literal mine-fields of IP and legislative restrictions... sure, you might be able to unseat a competitive mega corporation. But unlikely in anything resembling a lifetime measured in less than decades.
by integralid | 2025-08-06 21:07:38+00:00
Nice knee jerk reaction here (not just you, replies to me in general). We take down malicious domains and servers all the time. What's so special about group chats? As long as there is a proof it's used purely for criminal things and it's technically possible there is no excuse not to take them down.

The same applies in the physical world. Police has no right to enter your house. Except when they have a warrant, because you are already known to be guilty.

>The criminals will just move to another operating scheme.

Great! This is not an excuse to do nothing. They would use e2e if they were smart anyway. But they don't, because they like telegram and e2e is annoying to use (no channel history etc).
by grafmax | 2025-08-06 21:07:57+00:00
Professional property managers can scale the cost of ownership in a way individual owners can’t.

Besides that speculators can also withhold supply, artificially inflating prices. 2008 occurred due to speculation, independent of NIMBY regulation.

As for crypto, housing can actually be more profitable than crypto since investors see rentier income not just speculative appreciation.

Ultimately, this isn't just a supply-and-demand problem in an idealized market. It's a resource allocation issue where investors with significant capital can hoard housing, driving up costs, while many people struggle with homelessness. Simply greasing the market with deregulation won't solve this fundamental imbalance.
by Spooky23 | 2025-08-06 21:08:17+00:00
The issue with SROs is nobody likes being near them and the crime and drug use they attract.

My guess is as the asset bubbles pop, the marginal 70s-90s apartment complexes and second ring suburbs will be the new slums. People aren’t going to be able to afford cars as policy changes accelerate cost increases and wages continue to erode. City and near suburbs will be more attractive and expensive.

You already see this happening in larger metro areas to some extent.
Show HN: Changeloghub – Automatically create beautiful changelogpages (beta)
by fazkan | 2025-08-06 21:08:26+00:00
Hey HN,

I built ChangelogHub (https://changeloghub.com) to automate something that is always last on my list for every release: writing clean and human-readable changelogs. Human-readable being the key phrase here.

Writing changelogs manually is tedious, especially for backend/infrastructure changes that users never see but matter a lot. I wanted something that didn’t just rephrase commit messages, but actually understood the code diffs.

HOW IT WORKS:

- Analyzes diffs from PRs or direct commits

- Summarizes the changes using OpenAI (code-diffs+custom prompt + heuristics)

- Organizes entries by date or tag

- Hosts a live changelog page (e.g. https://magemaker.changeloghub.com, an example changelog for one of my open-source project)

- Rebuilds automatically on every push or merge

VIDEO DEMO of it in action: https://youtu.be/bntgkZGncZ4

TECH STACK:

- Frontend: Next.js

- Backend: Node.js, GitHub App (REST + Webhooks), custom worker to spinup a page. Cloudflare for domain routing

- Diff analysis: git CLI + a few heuristics to split changes across files and summarize them meaningfully

- LLMs: Currently uses OpenAI AI, with batching and retry logic to reduce latency + cost

Some use cases: - Solo builders who forget what they shipped, or write too technically (me )

- Teams with frequent infra work that doesn’t show up in traditional release notes

- OSS maintainers who want hosted changelogs without managing Markdown files or changelog bots

I’d love feedback from other devs:

- What would make this more useful for your team? - How should I improve the diff-to-summary heuristics? - Should I support other hosts (GitLab, Bitbucket)?

It’s free for one closed-source repo and multiple open-source repos, and I’m planning to keep it indie-friendly.

I also plan to send weekly newsletter, similar to launchweek, to highlight the latest releases of projects. So the projects get free eyeballs/marketing.

Thanks in advance for checking it out
by alganet | 2025-08-06 21:08:34+00:00
I'm unemployed, so consider this as a general observation.

There are many considerations both employers and employees make beyond money and time.

The question is unrealistic because it forces whoever answers to choose between restricted choices. It sounds more like a poll than the representation of an actual choice a real person would have.

Both the pursuit of extra money or extra time, in my books, leads to degeneration of work relations. The exploration of these kinds of incentives also leads to degeneration of work relations. Therefore, to me, the question sounds like an affirmation of the (perhaps unconscious) desire to keep companies in control of employees choices.

That, obviously leads to the question of "if not time and money, what should an employee want then?", with many possible answers to pick from (all probably irrelevant when considered individually).

I obviously want to work as little as possible, and have as many resources as possible fruit of that minimal work, in order to pursuit a simple but happy and fullfilling life. What that entails, is highly incompatible with the array of possible off the shelf answers available for such an inquiry.

In that perspective, it seems that the whole world is in debt and out of time. We work for things we don't need and have resources incompatible with it. All my previous employers owe me, a lot. The same goes for all kinds of workers. Their superiors, either direct or implicit, owe them, and so on. 20%, or any number, any vague simplistic idea, is futile.

Do you understand?
by quantdev1 | 2025-08-06 21:08:46+00:00
Why not take a pragmatic approach?

Your options are becoming an FTE or doing some sort of contracting/consulting.

After your experience - and given your message - it sounds like you're leaning towards employment.

So:

1. Focus on the managerial route for a period of X months. Forget about positioning yourself for an IC role, since it's not your preference.*

2. Treat this as a GTM project. You are the product.

I'm willing to bet that - based on your experience - you'd have a hell of a narrative that differentiates you.

*If an IC role is offered to you while you're looking for a managerial role - seriously consider taking it - to hedge.
by axiologist | 2025-08-06 21:09:07+00:00
Abstract: Once contact with a pathogen has occurred, it might be too late for the immune system to react. Here, we asked whether anticipatory neural responses might sense potential infections and signal to the immune system, priming it for a response. We show that potential contact with approaching infectious avatars, entering the peripersonal space in virtual reality, are anticipated by multisensory–motor areas and activate the salience network, as measured with psychophysics, electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. This proactive neural anticipation instigates changes in both the frequency and activation of innate lymphoid cells, mirroring responses seen in actual infections. Alterations in connectivity patterns between infection-sensing brain regions and the hypothalamus, along with modulation of neural mediators, connect these effects to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Neural network modeling recapitulates this neuro–immune cross-talk. These findings suggest an integrated neuro–immune reaction in humans toward infection threats, not solely following physical contact but already after breaching the functional boundary of body–environment interaction represented by the peripersonal space.
by roughly | 2025-08-06 21:09:17+00:00
"Technically this isn't illegal, because we've got an extradition treaty with Guatemala, and the court said Trump needed to show evidence in a trial before flying people out, but we're on a bus, not a plane, so really this isn't violating any laws, so it's hard to really call this executive overreach.

Also, there's no law specifically saying the court trial needs to be in an American court room, plus the ICE-built adjunct to the Guatemalan embassy is technically American territory, and the local immigration judge was officially appointed by Congress in a secret session to protect his identity, and of course you can't let media in the room for a closed session. None of this is actually illegal, so I don't know why you're being so hyperbolic."
by rbanffy | 2025-08-06 21:09:49+00:00
Even though I find the Atari ST family a better overall design, the Amiga is a maximalist machine, full of interesting and unique abilities back then. In the end, it was doomed by its complexity, which made development costlier and slower until it was finally overtaken by PCs with VGAs and SoundBlasters, running Windows 3. A shame it didn’t last longer.
by merencia | 2025-08-06 21:09:59+00:00
There are a few key differences. I plan to write a proper blog post about it soon.

The main conceptual one is that BullMQ enqueues plain objects, and your handler just receives that data. In Sidequest, you enqueue full class instances, so when the job runs you can call this.someMethod() directly inside run().

Sidequest also runs jobs in isolated worker threads out of the box, has a built-in dashboard in the OSS version, and works with Postgres, MySQL, SQLite, or MongoDB.

That said, I still want to explore BullMQ more deeply to write a complete comparison.
by lossolo | 2025-08-06 21:10:04+00:00
12.8 GB is around 110 Gbits. Even at 4.25 bits/weight the network stores ~26 billion "micro weights". A 1,4k token space invaders snippet occupies ~1.1 kb compressed, the model could parametrize thousands of such snippets and still have more than 99% of its capacity left. This paper about LLM memorization is interesting, if you would to know more: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11658 and another recent interesting paper SWE bench illusion shows SOTA code LLM results collapsing once memorised github issues are filtered out: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.12286v1

Add to this that the common crawl slices used for oile/C4 mirror much of what you can find on github. So when the training data contains dozens of near duplicate solutions, the network only needs to interpolate between them.

As to the COT style dumps that you shown, they are easy to misinterpret. Apple’s illusion of thinking paper shows that models will happily backfill plausible sounding rationales that do not correspond to the gradients that actually produced the answer and other evaluation work shows that when you systematically rewrite multiple choice distractors so that memorisation can’t help, accuracy drops by 50-90%, even on "reasoning" models https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12896 So a cool looking bullet list about "edge detection" could be just narrative overspray, so not really an evidence of algorithmic planning.

If you actually want to know whether a model can plan an arcade game or whatever rather than recall it then you need a real benchmark (metamorphic rewrites, adversarial “none of the others” options etc). Until a benchmark controls for leakage in these ways, a perfect space invaders score mostly shows that the model has good pattern matching for code it has already seen.
by Retr0id | 2025-08-06 21:10:32+00:00
Aside from memory limits, one of the problems with 32-bit pointers is that ASLR is weakened as a security mitigation - there's simply fewer bits left to randomise. A 36-bit address space doesn't improve on this much.

64-bit pointers are pretty spacious and have "spare" bits for metadata (e.g. PAC, NaN-boxing). 72-bit pointers are even better I suppose, but their adoption would've come later.
by 1vuio0pswjnm7 | 2025-08-06 21:11:11+00:00
GrapheneOS may give a computer user all the control they want from Android

However it does not remove Google's control, e.g., ability to pull the plug

Google controls the hardware and the source code for the default browser

Some users might want more control, less dependence on Google

"Paternalism" is a belief by developers that they "know better" than the computer owner what choices should be made for someone else's computer

For example, pre-installing software, or connections to remote servers, and enabling these choices by default

Paternalism dismisses any idea of personal autonomy

Providing a computer user with choices rather than "defaults" could mean loss of control by the developer and any associated revenue
by thewebguyd | 2025-08-06 21:11:17+00:00
> I very much doubt this is the case.

The "one missed paycheck away" is cited a lot, but it's not entirely false, if a bit of a hyperbole.

The majority of Americans (recent estimates I believe are around 60%) have no savings, and live paycheck to paycheck. So while not exactly "one missed paycheck away" it's pretty close. More accurate would be to say "Most Americans are one crisis away..."

Median weekly earnings for full-time workers in the US was $1,196 in Q2 - so, half of Americans make even less than that (~4,700/month). That's not a lot, and in a lot of areas of the country, that doesn't leave much room to save much of anything, especially if you have kids and need childcare.

Going off the BLS consumer expenditure survey from 2023 (most recent one I could find), average spent on housing was $25k/year or 2119/month, almost half the median monthly earnings. Just housing. Factor in food, transportation, healthcare, utilities and it's not hard to see how people can, and are, struggling, and are effectively one mishap from falling too far behind to catch up.
by lamontcg | 2025-08-06 21:11:33+00:00
> Or because republicans never took the threat seriously and didn't took effective preventive measures like reducing social contact, increasing their exposure risk.

Everyone got exposed eventually. Republicans who didn't vaccinate died at a higher rate when they got exposed.

> Hong Kong focused all its efforts in preventing the virus to even get there.

Yes, that's why it produced a good example of an immunologically naive population, late in the pandemic.

> Once it broke through they were unprepared to deal with it, hence the bad outcome.

Which was Omicron, and it turned out to be just as deadly. Which completely falsifies your argument that mutation led to less deadly strains.

We can see in Hong Kong that it was just as deadly.

In the United States it wasn't, and the difference is due to immunity from vaccination and natural infection.