MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by yencabulator | 2025-08-28 19:09:45+00:00
More information:

https://libre-chip.org/first_arch/index.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20201021124234/https://bugs.libr...

https://web.archive.org/web/20240610080828/https://groups.go...

https://danluu.com/branch-prediction/

> One idea I had for making a spectre-proof speculative execution engine is to build a theoretical model CPU such that it compares a branch oracle to the results of its branch prediction unit and takes the amount of time needed by the misprediction penalty when the branch predictor mispredicts, but doesn't actually execute any mispredicted instructions. This makes the model CPU unable to have spectre-style vulnerabilities since it doesn't do any actual speculative execution.

> Then, a physical CPU is built using the exact same design (where every instruction and every cache state change completes at the exact same clock cycle as the corresponding instruction in the theoretical model) but using speculative execution instead of the branch oracle. This gives a physical cpu that can be proven to not have any timing vulnerabilities that the model CPU doesn't have (ruling out spectre-style vulnerabilities) by proving that it follows the same steps as the model CPU.
by ozgune | 2025-08-28 19:09:48+00:00
I agree that you could get to high margins, but I think the modeling holds only if you're an AI lab operating at scale with a setup tuned for your model(s). I think the most open study on this one is from the DeepSeek team: https://github.com/deepseek-ai/open-infra-index/blob/main/20...

For others, I think the picture is different. When we ran benchmarks on DeepSeek-R1 on 8x H200 SXM using vLLM, we got up to 12K total tok/s (concurrency 200, input:output ratio of 6:1). If you're spiking up 100-200K tok/s, you need a lot of GPUs for that. Then, the GPUs sit idle most of the time.

I'll read the blog post in more detail, but I don't think the following assumptions hold outside of AI labs.

* 100% utilization (no spikes, balanced usage between day/night or weekdays) * Input processing is free (~$0.001 per million tokens) * DeepSeek fits into H100 cards in a way that network isn't the bottleneck
by jgeada | 2025-08-28 19:09:58+00:00
In reality, it is not the DoD that contracts out the big stuff, but Congress. And when the purchaser isn't the actual user, then a whole bunch of nefarious negative feedback loops come into being. The Congresscritter mostly only cares about sounding good and their lobbying (bribery) dollars, everything else is a problem for someone else, or sometime later.
by arnarbi | 2025-08-28 19:10:33+00:00
It is not based on TB but it is heavily informed by those efforts. See here: https://github.com/w3c/webappsec-dbsc#what-makes-device-boun...

However, DBSC as an API and protocol is similarly agnostic about key storage. There is no attestation and the User Agent is fully responsible for selecting key storage that provides the best protection.
by AlotOfReading | 2025-08-28 19:11:02+00:00
A small note, but GPS is only well-approximated by a circular uncertainty in specific conditions, usually open sky and long-time fixes. The full uncertainty model is much more complicated, hence the profusion of ways to measure error. This becomes important in many of the same situations that would lead you to stop treating the fix as a point location in the first place. To give a concrete example, autonomous vehicles will encounter situations where localization uncertainty is dominated by non-circular multipath effects.

If you go down this road far enough you eventually end up reinventing particle filters and similar.
by MandieD | 2025-08-28 19:11:30+00:00
My health insurance in Germany - "public", but we get to choose which of about 150 Krankenkassen (sickness funds) we want to go with - comes about as close as it legally can to bribing us to get vaccinated, both seasonal (flu and covid) and boosters for the ones you should have gotten as a kid.

Your health insurance here is also responsible for paying your sick leave, so they are SUPER motivated for you not to get the flu or covid.
by jchw | 2025-08-28 19:11:53+00:00
Fully understand the issues with this approach: my skepticism has been expressed in former HN comments. However, the issue is that in practice it already seems like this approach has yielded something closer to daily-driver maturity, which would make it a suitable platform for experimenting with software. It may be necessary since it's hard to justify actually doing all of the effort to build the phones with not much impressive to run on them.
by petralithic | 2025-08-28 19:12:46+00:00
It is a rhetorical device that nevertheless clearly explains the various thought groups of AI art. If one requires human creation rather than mere human intent to be art, then similarly they can't consider a banana taped to a wall as art, nor AI as art either. But if one considers the former but then discounts the latter, then that's a logical hypocrisy. I am of the group that considers both as art, because both require human intention.
by rieslingspecial | 2025-08-28 19:13:25+00:00
This might not be the case for Indonesia currently, but for countries like Russia, China, Iran most of the mentioned solutions will not work. I've had to evade Russian censorship for years now - the censors (Roskomnadzor) use DPI and other means of classifying network traffic, and currently the following things are outright blocked:

- Tor

- Wireguard and derivatives (incl. Mullvad, Tailscale, ProtonVPN)

- OpenVPN

- Shadowsocks (incl. Outline)

What still works is Xray-core [1] with vless and Reality protocols, whatever those mean. Xray-core is an innovation over v2ray [2]. v2ray might also still work, but I've never tried it. If you have the capacity to run your own VPS, the simplest solution would be to install the 3x-ui [3], which is something like "Xray-core with a simple to use UI in a single package ready-to-use", but you'd also need to setup some basic security measures and a firewall.

For those technically inclined, here [4] is a rough ansible playbook to install 3x-ui on a blank Debian machine. Additional configuration will be needed in the UI itself, there is a lot of online tutorials, and I link to one of them in [5] (in Russian, unfortunately). Don't just trust me blindly, please review before running!

There are also commercial xray-aware VPN providers, but I wouldn't publicly vouch for any of them.

I found it very strange that there is not much info on HN about xray and v2ray, and I also hope it stays this way for most of the people here and not here. However, we live in a weird reality and have to actively engage in such an arms race now.

As a side note, if anyone here has quality info about security of the xray-core implementation, I'd be happy to get familiar. I didn't look at the code myself and still am slightly suspicious, but oh well it works :shrug:

[1]: https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core

[2]: https://github.com/v2fly/v2ray-core

[3]: https://github.com/MHSanaei/3x-ui/

[4]: https://pastebin.com/DjFQ8c6Z

[5]: https://habr.com/ru/articles/731608/
by sipofwater | 2025-08-28 19:13:28+00:00
"Potential SSD Detection Bug in Windows 11 24H2 Following Update KB5063878 (August 12, 2025)": https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/5536733/... (learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/5536733/potential-ssd-detection-bug-in-windows-11-24h2-fol)
by brennyb | 2025-08-28 19:14:26+00:00
Being an 'AI' hater is like being a 'motor' hater or an 'electricity' hater. You can hate the impact you assume it will have on society, but hating it will not change that it is so radically useful that it will never again not be used unless we overthrow all global value around doing things efficiently.

Why not look at the broader context instead of flail out against the machine? What is it about society that makes the automation of labor a bad thing?

As for art, it has always been about how you use the materials and resources you have. Photographs didn't make painting obsolete, but they rendered the pursuit of pure realism painting obsolete. 'AI' generated art does not make any other artform obsolete, but it will make the mechanical regurgitation of derivative works obsolete. If you want to do this on your own, like if you want to paint photorealistic paintings, you are still free to.
by allturtles | 2025-08-28 19:15:13+00:00
# of X closing / time isn't a meaningful measure of decline. You would have to subtract # closing / time from # opening / time. But even a net loss of colleges doesn't necessarily indicate a loss of students, it could be that bigger colleges are absorbing smaller ones. If you are making an argument about a decline in student population, you should just look at student population data. It's more-or-less flat since 2020 [0].

[0]: https://educationdata.org/college-enrollment-statistics
Ask HN: Where can I see a live octopus in Maine?
by Octopus88 | 2025-08-28 19:15:55+00:00
Hi HN, I’m really interested in marine biology and cephalopods. I’ll be traveling in Maine and would love to know if there are aquariums, research centers, or even public tidepool areas where I could see a live octopus.

Any tips on locations, institutions, or experiences would be greatly appreciated!
by ProofHouse | 2025-08-28 19:15:58+00:00
Only introducing this *NVIDIA AI Released Jet-Nemotron: 53x Faster Hybrid-Architecture Language Model Series that Translates to a 98% Cost Reduction for Inference at Scale, into the conversation as it just dropped (so it is timely) and while it seems unlikely either OpenAI or Anthropic use this or a technique like it (yet or if they even can), these types of breakthroughs may introduce dramatic savings for both closed and open source inference at scale moving forward https://www.marktechpost.com/2025/08/26/nvidia-ai-released-j...
by EthanHeilman | 2025-08-28 19:16:40+00:00
> I infer from footnote 10 that an unspoken subtext of this is that footnote 1 is that while the reader may choose a (simplistic) atheist's formulation of the idea, the author does not

Author here. I'd describe myself as atheist/agnostic.

I just dislike the God of the gaps argument. I understand its utility in debating the dishonest moving goal post arguments of young earth creationists, but taken outside of that debate, I don't think it holds water.

> One of the great and persistent bemusements of my adulthood is discovering that other adults take their religiosity not just seriously but central to their understanding of themselves, and their context generally.

I take religion and religious questions seriously. If I took religion less seriously I'd be religious because I enjoy religion. We owe each other a certain level of honesty on truly serious matters even if it is uncomfortable.

> By which I take it he means, knowable to and to not beat around the burning bush, attributable to the divine. By which I take it for him that he means a Judeochristian god.

That is certainly how a 16th Century religious Italian would understand it and I find that an interesting perspective to contrast with my own somewhat blander late-modernist beliefs. One of the reasons I enjoy reading books from prior ages is seeing how much that was taken for granted as a universal truth of that culture has changed.
by 7777777phil | 2025-08-28 19:17:05+00:00
I wrote about how NYC mayoral candidate promises free bus rides, which the behavioral research on "zero pricing" suggests will create more perceived value than cheap fares. But: free transit eliminates the customer relationship that creates political pressure to maintain service quality. When riders stop paying, they lose standing to complain about cuts—making it easier for politicians to slash budgets later. The psychology of "free" might accidentally undermine the very services it's trying to protect.
by pringularity | 2025-08-28 19:17:20+00:00
(I don't think this would change the overall message of the analysis), but one reason why the "Fund I" bump might be so pronounced compared to other reports is because of the "SPV as a service" data that was hinted at in the takeaways.

It's very common for these single-asset SPVs to be titled, "[Abbreviation] Fund I" -- but these aren't really the same type of "Fund I" as a multi-security venture fund run by a professional manager.

E.g.: (1) These are entities that are sort of arbitrarily titled "Fund I" as part of a template naming convention, but there's not as much of a direct expectation that they'll have a corresponding Fund II, III, etc. (2) Whether they do is more of a function of the underlying portfolio company raising a subsequent financing and giving the same SPV manager an allocation (which small time SPV managers often don't get pro rata for), rather than the fund manager's ability to raise a subsequent blind pool fund II.
by Teever | 2025-08-28 19:18:06+00:00
You’re right that Russia’s failures in Ukraine show that paper strength doesn’t translate into battlefield effectiveness but this conflict is poor evidence for your assertion that China will lose in a military conflict with America over Taiwan. Sure Russia has absolutely shit the bed in the beginning of this conflict but now they're being carried by China's massive economy and they're slowly but surely winning this conflict which has become a proxy war between China and the US.

China's navy isn't the only one that has accidents.[0][1][2][3] and the kind of corruption that lead to their rockets having improperly mixed propellant also isn't unique to the Chinese navy either.[4][5]

You're absolutely right to question the quality of new recruits or conscripts in the armed forces and again China isn't the only one to have these kinds of problems.[6] After wasting trillions on losing two pointless wars the general public opinion of the US armed forces is in the dumpster and I'm skeptical that morale and enlistment will see a boost if the US goes to war with China over Taiwan.

Should a conflict with the US and China escalate you will see an unprecedented level of cyberattacks and fifth column attacks on the US due to the ubiquitous presence of Chinese technology in America and Chinese immigrants, some of whom will undoubtedly play the role of spies and saboteurs.

The US can have all the fancy stealth planes they want but it doesn't mean anything if they don't have enough missiles to arm them or the infrastructure to build missiles because they spent the last 25 years air conditioning tents in the middle east[7] and their electrical grid has just been sabotaged.

[0] https://www.foxnews.com/us/uss-harry-s-truman-ship-collision...

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Fitzgerald_and_MV_ACX_Crys...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Bonhomme_Richard_(LHD-6)#J...

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_John_S._McCain_and_Alnic_M...

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_Leonard_scandal

[5] https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/pr/retired-us-navy-admiral-f...

[6] https://www.military.com/daily-news/2022/09/28/new-pentagon-...

[7] https://www.npr.org/2011/06/25/137414737/among-the-costs-of-...
by password54321 | 2025-08-28 19:18:50+00:00
Prediction: China is going to get the same treatment as Japan currently is in the future for tourism. It is going through its stages of racism in the West that Japan went through (along with many other countries) where ordinary people still think it is just a smog filled industrial dump but in the future it will probably start getting a further influx of Western tourists like Japan did. Japan wasn't even on many people's radar until social media because the West likes to pretend East Asia doesn't exist unless it serves their narrative.
by jgeada | 2025-08-28 19:19:01+00:00
You sir are part of the problem.

How on earth do you have any standing to make any pronouncement? "You've done your research"? You know better with your 5 minutes of googling than scientists that spent their careers studying these things?

Sigh ...

I despair for how stupid our discourse has become, and how loud and and proud are people's public displays of stupidity and ignorance.
by cosmic_cheese | 2025-08-28 19:19:16+00:00
I think this is wildly more individual-dependent than you may think. Speaking personally, while I do have a number of big commercial apps installed, the number that couldn’t be filled either with a web app or the Android version via a compatibility layer is tiny. The native apps I find most difficult to replace are those by small to midsize devs, which are exactly the ones most likely to be the primary contributors to a new platform early on.

I don’t think this is particularly unusual, either. Plenty of people have absoutely no need for video streaming on their phone outside of maybe YouTube for example, which works well enough on the web.

Microsoft’s not the best example here, because they had momentum with both devs and users but shot themselves in the foot repeatedly on both sides of the fence: warring internal factions reset Windows Mobile development multiple times consecutively and burned through dev goodwill and poor strategy on the consumer side killed things there. Mozilla’s foray into phones failed because they insisted on sticking to entry level devices which were both not interesting to most of the market and not powerful enough to handle a new unoptimized OS.
by gszundi | 2025-08-28 19:19:37+00:00
Hi everyone, we're running Springtail’s annual database survey and need your input!

Most database reports focus on rankings and popularity. We wanted to dig deeper into how databases are actually used in production: e.g. read replication, sharding, workload mix, deployment models.

The survey is short (~90 seconds) and anonymous by default. We’ll be publishing the results openly for everyone, with optional early access if you want it.

Take the survey: https://survey.springtail.io/database-survey-2025

See last year’s results: https://www.springtail.io/startup-database-trends

Thanks for your help!
by _verandaguy | 2025-08-28 19:19:39+00:00
DAITA was introduced after my time in the industry, but this isn't a new idea (though as far as I know, it's the first time this kind of thing's been commercialized).

It's clever. It tries to defeat attacks against one of the tougher parts of VPN connections to reliably obfuscate, and the effort's commendable, but I'll stop short of saying it's a good solution for one big reason: with VPNs and censorship circumvention, the data often speaks for itself.

A VPN provider working in this space will often have aggregate (and obviously anonymized, if they're working in good faith) stats about success rates and failure classes encountered from clients connecting to their nodes. Where I worked, we didn't publish this information. I'm not sure where Mullvad stands on this right now.

In any case -- some VPN providers deploying new technology like this will partner with the research community (because there's a small, but passionate formal research community in this space!) and publish papers, studies, and other digests of their findings. Keep an eye out for this sort of stuff. UMD's Breakerspace in the US in particular had some extremely clever people working on this stuff when I was involved in the industry.
by threatofrain | 2025-08-28 19:20:19+00:00
I feel like democratic nations have a similar issue in that information players often have a big advantage and ordinary people have no chance in getting a correct story. Personally I feel overwhelmed with how much a person has to keep up with just to cast a few votes correctly every now and them.

At the very least, democracy is a comprehensive strategy and multiple policies must in place simultaneously to approach the leading cases of success that we see in current times, such as decades of great education.
by corimaith | 2025-08-28 19:20:57+00:00
But that's a false dichtomy. The modernity you ascribing to China is just following the general trend for the last 2 decades that was achieved elsewhere. It's a largely misleading to ascribe it to unique characteristics of China here.

If one is debating in to inform, should you not point out that greater perspective here?

Even more, like OP said, why now specifically with all these articles salivating China. What were you doing back in 2007 or 2012, that you were not making the same comparisons could be made to Tokyo or Hong Kong, that you would well understand years ago. But there clearly isn't such a barrage from back then, either fron Americabs or Japanese or Hong Kongers themselves.
by mikestorrent | 2025-08-28 19:21:15+00:00
The issue these days is that all of the EC2 IP ranges are well known, and are usually not very high-reputation IPs, so a lot of services will block them, or at least aggressively require CAPTCHAs to prevent botting.

Source: used to work for a shady SEO company that searched Google 6,000,000 times a day on a huge farm of IPs from every provider we could find
by chrisco255 | 2025-08-28 19:21:21+00:00
This essay is far too swooning to take seriously.

Mobile payments vs credit card payments aren't a revolution. America has Google and Apple Pay but most Americans still swipe. It's just not that different and it's easier to compartmentalize your spending that way.

The idea of an "everything app" like WeChat actually turns me completely off. I don't want everything in one app. I want compartmentalization. I value it, in fact.

> The West spent 150 years building coal plants, then natural gas, then slowly adding renewables. China went from burning coal directly to becoming the world's solar panel factory. They make 80% of all solar panels globally.

China is also, incidentally the coal king of the world, and has rapidly expanded coal production over the last few decades. Their coal consumption has tripled since 2000. For all the breathless commentary on solar the author spares no ink on China's appetite for coal.

The reason people still claim China is a developing country is so that they get a pass on arbitrary restrictions imposed on "developed" Western nations who like to pay lip service to climate change concerns and don't mind the gradual decline that comes along with this antigrowth mindset. Meanwhile the world has outsourced production to China, where coal makes up a majority of the electricity generated. Your country is getting leapfrogged by a competitor who doesn't play by your rules, but at least you can virtue signal to your elite friends while it happens.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_in_China

While California can't build anything these days, I would not hold their dysfunction to the rest of the Union. Florida built high speed rail between West Palm Beach and Orlando in just 4 years, and the route extends to Miami. Tesla built Giga Texas, the second largest building in the world by volume, in 14 months. American tech is also in the lead in self driving navigation.

> China skipped the strip mall phase entirely. They went straight from street markets to super-apps that livestream shopping, where one influencer can sell $15 million worth of lipstick in five minutes

China was never going to have strip malls. Strip malls are a feature of suburban life. China does not have the same geography nor the same decentralized population distribution as the U.S. has.

As for livestream shopping, spare me. Americans don't shop via livestream because we're not entertained by the idea of being pitched crap we don't need. It's not novel to us either, we had the QVC network going back to the 80s. When I buy something, I search, click add to cart, and then checkout.

> We’re going to solve climate change with a lot of Chinese technology—or we’re not going to solve it at all.

If you buy the idea that we're going to solve for climate change with Chinese tech while China continues to pollute more than ever, I don't know what to tell you.

China's "tech" in this case isn't their tech. Japan has produced more of the IP surrounding solar panels than anyone else, followed by the U.S.