MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by incomingpain | 2025-08-08 12:20:33+00:00
I dont particularly care for the cloud options: If I were to rank. Gemini 2.5 pro > claude 3.5 sonnet > o3. I look forward to testing gpt5.

Devstral is still #1 for me. Easily 80k context, high accuracy setup. Matched with openhand's context management it works so well.

GPT-OSS-20b definitely the best quality coder I have but this harmony stuff and it fails to call tools often and it's almost always due to <|channel>. Often it catches itself, then continues, but then your context melts. For whatever reason as well, 31,000 context is max i can load? If I put it through my pygame test, it 1shots basically every time.

Qwen3 coder 30b in qwen code would fail at tool calls like 90% of the time. Testing out the unsloth version with 60k context, it still has 2gb of vram free. Tons of speed; but it's making bonehead moves.

│ │ 98 except KeyboardInterrupt: │ │ 99 - print("\nGame stopped by user.") │ │ 99 + Game stopped by user. │ │ 100 │ │ 101 if __name__ == "__main__": │ │ 102 main()

I approved it to remove a perfectly good print statement. It's only ruining their own score.

line 99 Game stopped by user. ^^^^^^^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax

I gave it this syntax error. It has now edited the file and duplicated the code, placing the full game under the except. There's now 2x everything; and the 2nd instance is at the wrong indentation.

import time

IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line 98

│ Error: No changes to apply. The old_string and new_string are identical. │

I see the issue now. The file has been corrupted with duplicate content and incorrect structure. Let me rewrite it properly:

lol... only yourself to blame. It has finally gotten a working game. Though still not a complete solution.

Finally we have a complete solution.
by tomhow | 2025-08-08 12:20:36+00:00
Whether you meant it or not, your comment came across as snark and caused a minor flmewar. We often don't recognize how activating our comments can be; what can seem benign when formulated in our minds and typed onto the screen can easily be read as an attack by other readers. So we need to make extra effort to be kind and avoid swipes, as the guidelines ask: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
by FrustratedMonky | 2025-08-08 12:20:48+00:00
"artificial and constrained training materials"

Are you simply referring to games having a defined win/loss reward function?

Because pretty sure Alpha Go was ground breaking also because it was self taught, by playing itself, there were no training materials. Unless you say the rules of the game itself is the constraint.

But even then, from move to move, there are huge decisions to be made that are NOT easily defined with a win/loss reward function. Especially early game, there are many moves to make that don't obviously have an objective score to optimize against.

You could make the big leap and say that GO is so open ended, that it does model Life.
by DicIfTEx | 2025-08-08 12:20:55+00:00
Hannah Arendt considered this argument in her essay "Personal Responsibility Under Dictatorship":

> In the tumultuous discussion of moral issues which has been going on since the defeat of Nazi Germany, and the disclosure of the total complicity in crimes of all ranks of official society, that is, of the total collapse of normal moral standards, the following argument has been raised in endless variations: We who appear guilty today are in fact those who stayed on the job in order to prevent worse things from happening; only those who remained inside had a chance to mitigate things and to help at least some people; we gave the devil his due without selling our soul to him, whereas those who did nothing shirked all responsibilities and thought only of themselves, of the salvation of their precious souls… (p 34)

But, ultimately, she finds the excuse lacking:

> Politically, the weakness of the argument has always been that those who choose the lesser evil forget very quickly that they chose evil. (p 36)

https://grattoncourses.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016...
by maurits | 2025-08-08 12:21:21+00:00
For statistical mechanics, I really liked [1]. Comes with loads of python programs.

To see what might peak you interest, the videos in [2] could be a good starting point.

[1]: https://www.coursera.org/learn/statistical-mechanics

[2]: https://matthias-research.github.io/pages/tenMinutePhysics/i...
by cbeach | 2025-08-08 12:21:54+00:00
Jon Pretty was cancelled in April 2021 by two ex-partners and 23 professionals from the Scala community over allegations which were shocking to the people who read them. The allegations, in two blog posts and an “Open Letter”, were not true.

These publications had a devastating effect on Jon, on his career, and on his personal life, which he wrote about last week - see https://pretty.direct/impact , and which he has barely started recovering from.

There was probably lasting damage done to the Scala Community too.
by harimau777 | 2025-08-08 12:21:55+00:00
I don't think that's so clear anymore. A lot of the people being deported came in on various refugee visas. While people who were brought here as children may technically be illegal, in practice that blurs the line. Similar with illegal immigrants who are spouses of legal immigrants. Then there's situations like students who came here legally but are having their visa's revoked for political reasons.
by jillesvangurp | 2025-08-08 12:22:03+00:00
I'm not complaining about the taxes but the bureaucracy. And the taxes definitely require an accountant here because of the complexity of the tax law and all the intentional loopholes in there for people that can afford an accountant. Accountant lobbies are fierce in this country and they like being necessary. So a lot of sane things that other countries are doing to keep things simple haven't really happened here. I never lived in the US but from what I know of it, it's actually one of the countries that is worse on this front. So, if you move here from there, it might be an upgrade.

Anyway, I call the German attitude to this topic Stockholm syndrome. The thing is, I've lived in four countries in the EU so I know how things can be different, more efficient, etc. When I say Germany is a PITA, that is relative to the Netherlands, Sweden, and Finland and based on my experience with those countries. Which isn't even that recent. Those countries were miles ahead of how things are in Germany today decades ago. And I wouldn't exactly refer to Finland and Sweden as tax havens.

Taxes are quite high here. Fun fact: when I moved to Germany from Finland, it was an internal transfer for Nokia. My salary was compensated up because of the higher tax and insurance cost in Germany. From Finland! Of course, the cost of living is quite a bit lower here. So this was a nice thing for me. But it's not a cheap country.
by sampo | 2025-08-08 12:22:15+00:00
For posterity: If counting by full months, this 12-month span was a close one: There was a traffic death in early July in 2024. And now on August 1, 2025, there was another traffic death (a collision of two bicyclists, one 80-year old on an electric bike, and one 70-year old on a normal bike. The younger one died.)
by tailspin2019 | 2025-08-08 12:22:29+00:00
> Honestly as a developer if I miss this up until CI, that's on me. The important part is that these issues are still visible during the local development, even if as warnings, and that the developer knows that they can't just be ignored because they will fail down the road.

Yeah I agree. This has got me thinking a bit more actually about how to optimise build configurations much more deliberately. Dev loop builds vs “normal” (local) builds vs production builds.

I got into the habit of turning on TreatWarningsAsErrors in greenfield .NET projects, trying to be a disciplined developer… But often these warnings can be a distraction during fast iterations… I think I may change my policy…
by skywalqer | 2025-08-08 12:23:13+00:00
I don't think it is as clear with the Russian word for market (торг) being derived from the name of the Finnish city, because related words (trh in Czech, targ in Polish...) (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/t...) are used in most Slavic languages, so this origin explanation feels a bit strange.
by hnfong | 2025-08-08 12:24:24+00:00
Being confused as to how LLMs see tokens is just a factual error.

I think the more concerning error GP makes is how he makes deductions on fundamental nature of the intelligence of LLMs by looking at "bugs" in current iterations of LLMs. It's like looking at a child struggling to learn how to spell, and making broad claims like "look at the mistakes this child made, humans will never attain any __real__ intelligence!"

So yeah at this point I'm often pessimistic whether humans have "real" intelligence or not. Pretty sure LLMs can spot the logical mistakes in his claims easily.
by OisinMoran | 2025-08-08 12:24:32+00:00
If you like this, you'll also love Mitxela's fluid simulation pendant [0], and likely all of his work! I'm consistently astounded by how informative and enjoyable his stuff his. He shares so much, so freely and it's so well produced, with a lovely voice to boot. Inspirational! Watch his vids, read his write-ups or both! We need more people like this.

[0] https://mitxela.com/projects/fluid-pendant
by piker | 2025-08-08 12:24:50+00:00
It's not that it has punitive taxes for expats, it's just that as a US citizen, the US doesn't care where you live -- you're subject to US tax. It has rules for everyone that prohibit deferring income taxes which implicate non-US tax-opaque entities, but that's not so much of a capital gains concern as a timing issue.

It's much simpler in many ways, although it creates its own issues with juggling tax treaties and realization timing.

Forcing you to pay a tax on unrealized gains is anathema to the US system, and would definitely burden founders to the extent they'd be well advised not to form in that jurisdiction in the first place.
by BillyTheKing | 2025-08-08 12:25:24+00:00
This means the person has to move to a country with 0% income tax for this to make any economic sense, so that's either Monaco or the UAE then. Very difficult for me to understand why someone is supposed to pay this tax in the first place, the business paid a whole bunch of other taxes in its lifetime.

I would understand if they'd tax the sale of the business.
by salawat | 2025-08-08 12:25:59+00:00
My ethics curriculum while getting my CS degree basically highlights the last decade+ of big name tech companies as "things that should not be done for obvious reasons". So I avoided all of them, looking for some of the most boring, banal tech jobs/applications of computers to clerical work imaginable.

Imagine my surprise when even most of those jobs were founded on things/goals/ambitions/central risks that were also profound ethical lapses. I've gotten to the point where I'm honestly wondering whether humanity is even ready for ubiquitous computing, to which seemingly the answer lately trends toward "hell no". Great thing to only realize after 10 years in the industry.

Point being, ethics is something self enforced, and we've taken great pains to ensure there is no professional licensure body or anything else around software; in particular because of the fundamental asymmetry created by locking that fire away from mortals behind a bunch of barriers to entry. Those with tech will have an advantage over those without. This is a certainty. The price of that (intentionally opening access to expertise for anyone curious) is what we have now. The tech that gets implemented is a reflection of the collective soul of humanity. If Greed is God, and the Deadline and Sale take priority over Safety, Fitness for Use, Quality, and Characterization of the System-Under-Scrutiny; then previously mentioned lapses in the ethicality of implementations of computer systems are what we're gonna get, and the conscientious objector will just be walked out the door and the next practitioner less afflicted by scruples will be walked in instead.

I'm open, as I've always been to putting a thumb on the scales through greater organization of active practitioners to actually make a means to ensure some subset of systems don't get implemented, but I'm not sure that's the right answer. The right answer is to improve ourselves and our non-computerized ways of life so there is no damn incentive to make the Torment Nexus.

Easy to say right? But that execution... Oofta.
by vidarh | 2025-08-08 12:26:37+00:00
The relevant question in this context is how the number is changing. It's entirely irrelevant that the US has the most immigrants, or even that it is bringing in a lot, if the rate is changing to such a level that, per the article, "the number of foreign-born workers in the United States is already shrinking after years of rapid growth".

It doesn't matter if you think this change is good or bad, it will necessarily have economic knock-on effects and you need to decide if those are good or bad, and if bad if they are worth it.
by jen20 | 2025-08-08 12:26:48+00:00
> Should I be taxed on that gain immediately? Should I be forced to sell part of my property to cover it?

In much of the US, you made a loss, since your property taxes will go up the next year.

> I'd love to live in a world where the local tax assessor is obligated to purchase your property on demand for 80% of what they say it is worth -- surely they would jump at the chance to realize an instant profit, right?

Absolutely.
by thinkingtoilet | 2025-08-08 12:28:02+00:00
>And, for at least a while, it would also presumably be doing so at an exponentially increasing rate.

Why would you presume this? I think part of a lot of people's AI skepticism is talk like this. You have no idea. Full stop. Why wouldn't progress be linear? As new breakthroughs come, newer ones will be harder to come by. Perhaps it's exponential. Perhaps it's linear. No one knows.
by NoboruWataya | 2025-08-08 12:28:37+00:00
This situation is annoying because it means you are being dragged into, and probably have to action, a conversation that has been happening without you for days or weeks (or even months). The solution is to involve the right people in the conversation at the right time. The solution is most certainly not to just send an IM, which will lack all of the context that the email thread contains.

People who think they are too important to read the work emails their colleagues send them are generally awful to work with.
by mk_stjames | 2025-08-08 12:28:52+00:00
Every major chinese PCB supplier has offered very affordable PCB assembly ("PCBA") for several years now where you give the gerbers for the boards along with a BOM with part numbers from a mutual supplier catalog and p'np / solderpaste mask data and they will load up a p'np machine and oven run a small batch of boards for you.

e.g.:

https://jlcpcb.com/smt-assembly

https://www.pcbway.com/pcb-assembly.html
by velcrovan | 2025-08-08 12:29:21+00:00
I’m still baffled that you thought (and still think) it was reasonable or desirable to swoop in and nitpick like this, in this exchange. Why would I have responded to this unsolicited criticism, in a context where I was simply sharing about a fun spare time project with someone else?

If you had butted in to a street conversation to tell me “by the way no one likes those silly glasses” I would have non-responded in the same way. But I would still be well within my rights to think you were kind of a jerk, and even to mention it to others.

What do you believe your role will be as an “advisor” at this residency?
by DrScientist | 2025-08-08 12:29:44+00:00
Not sure I entirely follow - but I'd say while there are some places which are poor because they effectively have nothing to offer in exchange, many places that are poor are rich in resources and they are poor because the richer countries are in part rich because they to rip them off through corrupt resource extraction.

( a macro version of the rich exploiting the poor )

> People don't have children if they lack the economic means to do so.

Surely the very clear global trend is birth rate is inversely proportional to wealth - not the other way around.
by easton | 2025-08-08 12:29:48+00:00
I don't know if these trains are supposed to be much faster than the existing train sets, which do it in like 3 hours?

(My understanding is that the speed limits is more to do with the railways than the actual trainsets, but maybe that's wrong. Apparently they go 160mph at max vs 150 on the old ones, but I don't know if that speed can be sustained between DC and NYC)
by romaingrx | 2025-08-08 12:29:59+00:00
I tested whether smaller, cheaper models could replace GPT-4 for jailbreak detection.

Results: Mistral 13B with prompt optimization achieved 81.67% accuracy vs GPT-4's 78.33% baseline - a 13% improvement while being ~20x cheaper to run.

Tested 3 approaches on 300 HarmBench samples: - Basic prompting: GPT-4 wins (78% vs 69%) - DSPy prompt optimization: Mistral 13B wins (82% vs 78%) - Multifaceted evaluation: Marginal gains (73%)

Code: https://github.com/romaingrx/llm-as-a-jailbreak-judge Detailed blog post: https://romaingrx.com/blog/llm-as-a-jailbreak-judge

Looking for feedback on the methodology and whether this cost/performance tradeoff would be useful for content moderation at scale.
by appreciatorBus | 2025-08-08 12:30:44+00:00
I agree that if sufficiently many people consider insurance costs in the buying decision, then a high theft rate will reduce sales. I guess I am just wondering whether or not most people actually do that. It’s been a while since I bought a car, but my impression was that many (most?) people just buy based on the biweekly payment, and everything else from depreciation to gas to insurance is an afterthought.
by MintsJohn | 2025-08-08 12:30:52+00:00
This is what finetuning has been all about since stable diffusion 1.5 and especially SDXL. And even something StabilityAI base models excelled at in the open weights category. (Midjourney has always been the champion, but proprietary)

Sadly with SAI going effectively bankrupt things changed, their rushed 3.0 model was broken beyond repair and the later 3.5 just unfinished or something (the api version is remarkably better), gens full of errors and artifacts even though the good ones looked great. It turned out hard to finetune as well.

In the mean time flux got released, but that model can be fried (as in one concept trained in) but not finetuned (this krea flux is not based on the open weights flux). Add to that that as models got bigger training/finetuning now costs an arm and a leg, so here we are, a year after flux got released a good finetune is celebrated as the next new thing :)
by originalvichy | 2025-08-08 12:31:10+00:00
This administration is the best thing that happened to the European Union nations when it comes to the economy. During the second half of the Biden years, the crazy bounce back the US economy did with regards to economic indicators (not the same as actual sentiment on the ground) made it look like we were going to be left behind, and we would be essentially buying any high-value western products from the US and US only. Even nations like mine who survived the pandemic in terms of health effects faced terrible regrowth.

The "protectionist" policies and soft power self-immolation that happened next means that we might be able to make strides in not just catching up to the US, but also becoming a more trusted trade partner for all other nations just for the sake of doing the same thing we always did.

Even the king of the Atlantic co-operation, the military industrial complex, turned upside down in a month. Everything US administrations since the 1950s had been building and had locked in is up for negotiations now. I can't even imagine how much ground China is able to gain since even they are looking like a more stable trader compared to the US. And yes, I'm saying the US as in the entire nation, since videos of Tim Cook bribing your president made me realize that the ownership of business in the US is nearing completion, and that footage looks a lot like how Putin liked to bully business owners in front of TV cameras back in the day [0].

Thanks for helping my country survive for a few more years. The brain drain to the US has pretty much dried up.

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GsDLrUieJg
by sloaken | 2025-08-08 12:31:25+00:00
If your objective is to get a gentile introduction to assembly, with no practical use: PDP-11 (on a simulator) or Motorola 68K. Both are very simple and straight forward. As opposed to many others that seem to live on confusion.

To aid in learning, you can always write in C and then output in assembly. Typically you would turn off optimization. The optimizer will often scramble the results to make it better but harder to read.

Have you thought about the class NAND to Tetris? It builds a tetris game but starts and the gate level.
by tecleandor | 2025-08-08 12:32:15+00:00
Tickets can't be booked yet, so I can't say for sure, but I've seen in some places some mention to variations of this:

> Amtrak's expects a roughly 30 minute reduction in travel time between both DC and NYC and NYC and Boston once all NEC upgrades are completed.

DC --> NYC right now is about 3 hours, so I guess it'll be near 2:30 if those upgrades are completed?
by nlitened | 2025-08-08 12:32:22+00:00
> fair share

Pretty sure “fair” means both sides agree that it’s fair. You can’t just say “I think it’s fair that I take a half of what you made”.

You could say that people know what the conditions are before starting the business, so they implicitly agree that it’s fair if they start.

But this article exactly explains what to expect because people don’t know it beforehand, and thus they now can make better informed decisions.
by unwind | 2025-08-08 12:33:13+00:00
Just as a point of interest perhaps for folks who are not familiar with PCB design and modern electronics: the "huge" matrix of 21x21=441 LEDs would, with the specified LED from the bill of materials (BOM) cost all of $6.

That is based on the price for low quantity (1-500 pieces) though; if you were to build more than one board you would buy more LEDs, pushing the per-LED price (way) down. You can get 4,000 LEDs for $30.'

Edit: here is the LED in question, from the BOM [1].

[1]: https://jlcpcb.com/partdetail/C497920
by aredox | 2025-08-08 12:33:47+00:00
>the immigration policy of the US is to make whites a minority

Did the immigration policy of the US was to make WASPs a minority? Time to deport or lynch those Papist "Guidos" and "Wops" before they destroy America, I guess.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Italianism

>hope everyone forgets the former group, who has by now been proven correct

You post is just pure white racism: you openly wish the demographics of the USA to stay White forever. Because... Well, please do tell us why the USA must be majority White (a category Italians now belong, which wasn't the case before) forever.

But thank you for missing totally the point of this submission, which isn't about disagreements in policy or worldview, but turning to paranoid thinking that the other side doesn't do things because they manage to convince others in an open debate, but because they are "traitors" using "under-handed tricks" in secret to destroy the USA.
by tekacs | 2025-08-08 12:34:07+00:00
I use Rust for all the other reasons, real types being a major one of them:

https://hn.algolia.com/?type=comment&query=typescript%20soun...

It's kinda exhausting to use TypeScript and run into situations where the type system is more of a suggestion than a rule. Passing around values [1] that have a type annotation but aren't the type they're annotated as is... in many ways worse than not typing them in the first place.

[1]: not even deserialized ones - ones that only moved within the language!