MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by daydream | 2025-08-08 10:45:23+00:00
> What is the use case for music generation models?

New types of electronic instruments.

We’ve been able to use analog circuits, digital logic, and then computers to generate sounds for decades… aka synthesizers.

I would love to see synthesizers which use music generation models under the hood to create new sounds. And / or new interfaces to create different types of instruments.

There’s a lot to explore here, in the same way there was (is) lots of exploration of electronic music starting I suppose with the Theremin in the 1930s.
by spwa4 | 2025-08-08 10:45:42+00:00
Capital gains are theoretical. You do not have that as money, but the state does want it as money. They are not what someone paid for your assets, they are what someone THINKS someone else might pay. Most smaller companies cannot be sold easily, and of course, the government is unwilling to take that as the valuation being zero (because what someone is willing to pay right now is in fact zero). And the government is unwilling to take any risk (they take cash only). So they're taxing money you do not have available to spend, and may not have at all.

Think of it as taking a $10k diamond with you. It's worth something, but ... maybe next year artificial diamonds double the size of your diamond start costing $500, and your diamond's value goes to $550. The difficulty is that the government demands "10%", which is $1000 in taxes on the "value" of your diamond now.

So for a big range of company sizes it's effectively a tax on nonexistent assets. This would not be the case for a huge (let's say revenue of 500k or more) company.

But the government chooses not to tax those big companies.
by Mkengin | 2025-08-08 10:47:08+00:00
Thank you for testing, I will test GPT-OSS for my use case as well. If you're interested I have 8 GB VRAM, 32 GB RAM and get around 21 token/s with tensor offloading, I would assume that your setup should be even faster than mine with the optimizations. I use the IQ4_KSS quant (by ubergarm on hf) with ik_llama.cpp with this command:

$env:LLAMA_SET_ROWS = "1"; ./llama-server -c 140000 -m D:\ik_llama.cpp\build\bin\Release\models\Qwen3-Coder-30B-A3B-Instruct-IQ4_KSS.gguf -ngl 999 --flash-attn -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0 -ot "blk\.(19|2[0-9]|3[0-9]|4[0-7])\.ffn_.*_exps\.=CPU" --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 20 --repeat_penalty 1.05 --threads 8

In my case I offload layers 19-47, maybe you would just have to offload 37-47, so "blk\.(3[7-9]|4[0-7])\.ffn_.*_exps\.=CPU"
by subscribed | 2025-08-08 10:47:25+00:00
I get brilliant, vibrant worlds withots of things happening and the consistent characters with Deepseek V3 (and R1 summaries every so often).

From time to time I get the event so great and character so compelling, I save the best in Author Note or Lorebook.

The overall atmosphere is effortlessly somewhat Skyrim/Game of Thrones/World of Darkness adjacent.

I'd look for these two models to build this simulator of yours, ie R1 to plan and V3 to fill in the blanks. Oh, or maybe Google Gemini 2.5 or 2.0 to plan the story and DeepSeek V3 to fill in.
by anshumankmr | 2025-08-08 10:47:29+00:00
Just to add to this, if we see F1 cars a way to measure the cutting edge of cars being developed, we can see cars haven't become insanely faster than they were 10-20 years ago, just more "efficient",reliable and definitely safer along with quirks like DRS. Of course shaving off a second or two from laptimes is notable, but not an insane delta like say if you compared a car from post 2000s GP to 1950s GP.

I feel after a while we will have specialized LLMs great for one particular task down the line as well, cut off updates, 0.something better than the SOTA on some benchmark and as compute gets better, cheaper to run at scale.
by clbrmbr | 2025-08-08 10:47:48+00:00
THIS. I do my best work after a long vigorous walk and contemplation, while listening to Bach sipping espresso. (Not exaggerating much.) If I go on HN or slack or ClickUp or work email, context is slammed and I cannot do /clear so fast. Even looking up something quick on the web or an LLM causes a dirtying.
by BrandoElFollito | 2025-08-08 10:47:50+00:00
HSTS is not practical and marginally useful.

First you need to make darn triple check extra sure that when you deploy it, you won't change it. It is a one-shot switch and whoever gets to your site is stuck with the configuration for days, weeeks, months. And you cannot tell them "my bad, try again".

Then if you have a sensible setup, you would redirect immediately to HTTPS anyway.

Sure, it protects you from some marginal risks (such as you not setting your cookies to secure mode) but then you have other problems and HSTS will bite you when you prod the security settings without a good plan.
by benjiro | 2025-08-08 10:48:24+00:00
Those are just the official recalls, not the stuff they know is wrong with the car, but never got a recall. Trust me, it was more issues then that.

In general, Toyota is known for their good engines. And the engine itself was indeed good, it did not have issues with oil burning after so many years. So the tolerances are very good.

It was the rest that showed a lot less quality control. The airbags alone was so problematic that they even had airbags going off by themselves (reason for 2 recalls).

Ironically, got a Opel for almost the same timeframe (both cars overlapped), and thing has been more reliable then Toyota. Brand reputation is just that, something from the past.

You never know if a good brand is going to release a less good car, or a bad brand, releases a good car. These days cars are just kitbashing as most brands are a mix of different brands, where parts are mixed between them. Your brand can be Citroen but the base can be Peugeot, the engine can be Renault, the electronics can be Citroën ... you get the point.
Show HN: Sysmodeler.ai – AI-native modeling for cars, aircraft, & space systems
by mtbwaez | 2025-08-08 10:49:40+00:00
Most people in software have never heard of SysML — but it’s the standard “blueprint language” used to design the most complex products on Earth: cars, aircraft, satellites, spacecraft, nuclear plants, and medical devices.

Right now, every major aerospace, automotive, and defense company uses SysML, but the process is painfully outdated. Engineers spend weeks (sometimes months) manually creating and updating diagrams in clunky, decades-old tools before the real engineering can start. This modeling bottleneck costs billions globally in delays and overruns.

What we built: SysModeler.ai is the first AI-native SysML platform. It can instantly generate, edit, and update complete system models from text, documents, code, images, or voice. What took teams weeks can now be done in minutes.

Why this matters (and why now):

The global MBSE (Model-Based Systems Engineering) software market is projected to exceed $7B in the next few years.

SysML v2 is coming soon, creating a rare “platform reset” moment in an entrenched enterprise software space.

AI now makes it possible to skip repetitive modeling work entirely.

What’s new in v1.0 (launched today):

All 9 SysML diagram types (beta had 5)

Agentic AI creation & editing

Image-based model import

Faster manual modeling & OMG-compliant output

We’re already in discussions with aerospace and automotive companies about pilots. Live demo: https://sysmodeler.ai

I’d love feedback, especially from anyone in enterprise SaaS, industrial automation, or who’s worked on high-stakes engineering projects.
by ben_w | 2025-08-08 10:51:15+00:00
> It looks like you're using "expenses" to mean "opex"

I took their losses and added it to their revenue. That seems like that sum would equal expenses.

> The $40b funding was not in cash right now,

Does this matter? I'm not counting it as revenue.

> In short, in the last two to three months, OpenAI spent $5b/month on revenues of $0.5b/m.

You're repeating the same claim as before, I've not seen any evidence to support your numbers.

The evidence I linked you to suggests the 2025 average will be double that revenue, $1bn/month, at an expense of ($9bn loss after $12bn revenue / 12 months = $21bn / 12 months) = $1.75bn/month
by vessenes | 2025-08-08 10:54:13+00:00
After a few hours with gpt-5, I'd trade that spread. Not that I think oAI will win end of year. But I think gpt5 is better than it looks on the benchmark side. It is very very good at something we don't have a lot of benchmarks for -- keeping track of where it's at. codex is vassstly better in practice than claude code or gemini cli right now.

On the chat side, it's also quite different, and I wouldn't be surprised if people need some time to get a taste and a preference for it. I ask most models to help me build a macbook pro charger in 15th century florence with the instructions that I start with only my laptop and I can only talk for four hours of chat before the battery dies -- 5 was notable in that it thought through a bunch of second order implications of plans and offered some unusual things, including a list of instructions for a foot-treadle-based split ring commutator + generator in 15th century florentine italian(!). I have no way of verifying if the italian was correct.

Upshot - I think they did something very special with long context and iterative task management, and I would be surprised if they don't keep improving 5, based on their new branding and marketing plan.

That said, to me this is one of the first 'product release' moments in the frontier model space. 5 is not so much a model release as a polished-up, holes-fixed, annoyances-reduced/removed, 10x faster type of product launch. Google (current polymarket favorite) is remarkably bad at those product releases.

Back to betting - I bet there's a moment this year where those numbers change 10% in oAIs favor.
by mschuster91 | 2025-08-08 10:54:42+00:00
> That's not to say that Germany is not a huge PITA when it comes to managing all these constructions, dealing with the bureaucracy, and the maze of silly government agencies that refuse to share even the most basic information with each other so you are stuck in ground hog day providing the same information over and over again (who are you, where do you live, what is your company registration, etc.).

That's where you hire a professional accountant. Which you should be doing anyway at the point where you raise any sort of external funding that's not family members.

I don't get why people are always complaining about German taxes. As long as you're small, you can just wing it. And when you pass the threshold, professionals are cheap.
by fuzzfactor | 2025-08-08 10:54:54+00:00
When you do the math, it shows that there is extremely little you can do to make it easier to locate or encounter a particular rarity, and almost no way to be certain if it will happen at all.

Beyond a certain point, the amount you can do to make it easier for a rarity to find you, could quite well be orders of magnitude more effective than anything else you have within reach that could lead to contact.
by edude03 | 2025-08-08 10:55:07+00:00
> I worry that we are being over sold on a promise that LLMs will magically make up for a lack of proficiency in an area

I saw a post on twitter about how game devs were using ChatGPT for localization and when you translated the text to English it said something like “as a chat assistant I’m unable to translate this concept” or an explanation instead of the translation.

This is exactly the sort of future I imagine with AI - not that the grunts on the ground will be sold on it but management will be convinced they can fire the people who know what they’re doing and replace them with interns armed with a ChatGPT subscription
by junon | 2025-08-08 10:55:14+00:00
Anecdotal review:

Been using it all morning. Had to switch back to 4. 5 has all of the problems that 2/3 had with ignoring any context, flagrantly ignoring the 'spirit' of my requests, and talking to me like I'm a little baby.

Not to mention almost all of my prompts result in a several minute wait with "thinking longer about the answer".
by agubelu | 2025-08-08 10:55:24+00:00
"Wrong" is a concept that clearly applies when something is objectively wrong.

I asked ChatGPT for help with Wordle the other day, by asking for a 5-letter word that contained P, M, K and Y. It said:

> Yes, the word skimp contains the letters P, M, K, and Y

Would you say that wrong is not a concept that applies to this answer?
by persolb | 2025-08-08 10:55:42+00:00
In order to consistently output the same fake prompt, that fake prompt would need to be part of GPT’s prompt…. In which case it wouldn’t be fake.

You can envision some version of post LLM find/replace, but then the context wouldn’t match if you asked it a direct non-exact question.

And most importantly, you can just test each of the instructions and see how it reacts.
by ben_w | 2025-08-08 10:56:44+00:00
Mm, quite.

I tend to rough-estimate it based on known compute/electricity costs for open weights models etc., but what evidence I do have is loose enough that I'm willing to believe a factor of 2 per standard deviation of probability in either direction at the moment, so long as someone comes with receipts.

Subscription revenue and corresponding service provision are also a big question, because those will almost always be either under- or over-used, never precisely balanced.
by Wobbles42 | 2025-08-08 10:58:47+00:00
Without society it's pretty hard to be well off in the first place. The entire concept of property becomes pretty meaningless without some very basic concepts of a legal system and territorial integrity. Without that you can only own what you can physically defend.

Wealthy people and large companies do generally employ security, but that is merely supplemental. They enjoy the backdrop of a society where the vast majority of people at least recognize the basic concept of ownership, and where protection from external state actors is provided. More to the point, they live in a system where most people see negative expected return from just killing them and taking their stuff

Abstractions like insurance further require a system where agreements can be made and mostly enforced, and where the need for the insurance is low enough for the premium to be workable.

The small security team at any given company is there to handle the the exceptions that don't conform to the larger society's rules. It doesn't replace that protection entirely. You'd need a standing army for that, and you'd have to work full time just to maintain its loyalty.

Even with no direct services whatsoever, people benefit from society in more or less direct proportion to their wealth -- and arguably the benefit accrues exponentially as wealth increases, given that this enables the exponential growth of capital.
by palata | 2025-08-08 10:58:58+00:00
I don't think your reasoning holds. You say "I know situations where one passkey client works with some websites and not others, but I don't know situations where a website works with some clients and not others".

If the website accepts a password, then it can't prevent you from using the password manager you want. But if the website accepts FIDO2 passkeys, it's the same thing, isn't it?
by thomas_witt | 2025-08-08 10:59:49+00:00
From a startup founders perspective, it might be worth mentioning that if you own the business personally in the US, you likely qualify for so-called the small business exemption (QSBS) - that means from the price for which you sell your company the first $10M (yes, million!) of capital gains are tax free, and after the latest reform $15M. If you're married: x2.
by hiAndrewQuinn | 2025-08-08 11:00:13+00:00
It's a surprising number, but a useful one for calibration. Most people assume that the number is closer to 1 in 100 or even 1 in 1000, but that's because they forget the vast, vast numbers of people who just quietly run their own operations in some form. You don't have to be Apple to make enough money to pay the bills on your own, or even reach the high net worth category.

It's worth noting that the numbers don't vary that much between the US and the EU, which actually weakens my claim that such a tax would be politically unpopular if introduced. About 1 in 20 Germans seem themselves to own enough of a business to fall under their own exit tax, checking just now, but I'm not familiar enough with DACH business practices to know if setting up an actual honest-to-goodness LLC for a one man operation is as common there as it is in the United States.
by skydhash | 2025-08-08 11:01:00+00:00
> Fallible humans expecting infallible results from their fallible creations is quite the expectation.

We built tools to accomplish things we cannot do well or at all. So we do expect quite a lot from them, even though we know they're not perfect. We have writings and books to help our memory and knowledge transfer. We have cars and planes to transport us faster than legs ever could... Any apparatus that doesn't help us do something better is aptly called a toy. A toy car can be faster than any human, but it's still a toy.
by nlitened | 2025-08-08 11:01:05+00:00
I probably need to reconsider my assumptions, you’re right. I thought that taking naltrexone only manages addiction for as long as it’s being taken, and after it’s stopped the desire returns.

If it just cures the bad habit without the mental work, then probably it would be more appropriate to view it as a remedy for a disease rather than a temporary band-aid for people who are unwilling to put in the work.
by katzenversteher | 2025-08-08 11:01:30+00:00
I've been experimenting with using various LLMs as a game master for a Lovecraft-inspired role-playing game (not baked into an application, just text-based by prompting). While the LLMs can generate scenarios that fit the theme, they tend to be very generic. I've also noticed that the models are extremely susceptible to suggestion. For example, in one scenario, my investigator was in a bar, and when I commented to another patron, 'Hey, doesn't the barkeeper look a little strange?', the LLM immediately seized on that and turned the barkeeper into an evil, otherworldly creature. This behavior was consistent across all the models I tested. Maybe by prompting the LLM to fully plan the scenario in advance and then adhere to that plan would mitigate the behavior but I haven't tried it. It was just an experiment and I actually had a lot of fun with the behavior. Also the reactions of the LLM if the player does something really unexpected (e.g. "the investigator pulls a sausage out of his pocket and forcefully sticks it into the angry sailors mouth") are sometimes hillarious.
by ritzaco | 2025-08-08 11:02:07+00:00
Ok this[0] sounds very, uh bold to me? Surely this is going to break a ton of workflows etc seemingly with nearly no notice? I'm assuming 'launches' equates with 'fully rolls out' or something but it's not that clear to me.

When GPT-5 launches, several older models will be retired, including: - GPT-4o - GPT-4.1 - GPT-4.5 - GPT-4.1-mini - o4-mini - o4-mini-high - o3 - o3-pro If you open a conversation that used one of these models, ChatGPT will automatically switch it to the closest GPT-5 equivalent. Chats with 4o, 4.1, 4.5, 4.1-mini, o4-mini, or o4-mini-high will open in GPT-5, chats with o3 will open in GPT-5-Thinking, and chats with o3-Pro will open in GPT-5-Pro (available only on Pro and Team).

[0] https://help.openai.com/en/articles/11909943-gpt-5-in-chatgp...
by maxbond | 2025-08-08 11:02:15+00:00
It seems like you think I'm operating under a misunderstanding as a result of not having looked at the docs. I looked at them before commenting, and described them accurately if tersely in my original comment. We just disagree.

I didn't mean "I would like to know" in some sort of conspiratorial way, I just thought there was a story to be told there.
by nolverostae | 2025-08-08 11:04:45+00:00
> You are signing paper that claims you never left Germany!!!

No you aren't. You are signing a paper that says a managerial decision about the shares of the company happened in Germany. Where you live does not matter. You just have to do a board meeting, and be physically present in Germany during the meeting.

In fact, you likely want to keep any proof of your travel from a different country, which makes it obvious to the authorities that you don't spend all your time there.

There's multiple variants though, this is just one of them. You can also pay someone to manage the shares (and of course contractually bind them to not do anything without permission).

Edit: Also, to be clear, you don't need to manage the company from Germany. You only need to manage the holding company from Germany, where the only managerial decision is related to the shares themselves.
by Davidzheng | 2025-08-08 11:05:00+00:00
correlation between text can implement any algorithm, it is just the architecture which it's built on. It's like saying vacuum tube computers can't reason bc it's just air not reasoning. What the architecture is doesn't matter. It's capable of expressing reasoning as it is capable of expression any program. In fact you can easily think of a turing machine and also any markov chain as a correlation function between two states which have joint distribution exactly at places where the second state is the next state of the first state.
by graemep | 2025-08-08 11:05:21+00:00
I do not think so. It varies a lot. The last time I looked at UK law you were liable for CGT for a long time after you left the country just to stop people leaving for a short time to evade CGT, but it was not the case a few decades ago.

With all countries you need to check the provisions of double tax treaties. There is likely to be somewhere that has no or low CGT that has a double tax treaty with where-ever you are that lets you dodge this sort of provision (at least partly).

Then there are things like using trusts (another thing you could get away with in the UK that got cracked down on in recent decades).
by nathanielobrown | 2025-08-08 11:05:37+00:00
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by jallmann | 2025-08-08 11:05:52+00:00
Linear is actually so slow for me that I dread having to go into it and do stuff. I don’t care if the ticket takes 500ms to load, just give me the ticket and not a fake blinking cursor for 10 seconds or random refreshes while it (slowly) tries to re-sync.

Everything I read about Linear screams over-engineering to me. It is just a ticket tracker, and a rather painful one to use at that.

This seems to be endemic to the space though, eg Asana tried to invent their own language at one point.
by wizzwizz4 | 2025-08-08 11:06:07+00:00
It's sensible, to prevent… well, exactly this kind of situation: taking away people's livelihoods as part of a tax dodge is an abuse of power. The power of being an employer comes with responsibility.

If the company's dissolving for legitimate reasons (e.g. there's no longer a market for the services), then that's one thing – but "I've had the company send all its customers to a competitor, also owned by me" is an extremely obvious loophole to work around employee protections, and it's correct that it should be closed.