MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by eMPee584 | 2025-08-29 09:59:09+00:00
nohang also has been a good one for desktops, with friendly notifications under memory stress and sane defaults.

Aside these complementary tools, the amount of systemd traps (OOM adjustment score defaults & restrictions, tmux user sessions killed by default etc etc) associated to OOM has really been taking a toll on my nerves over the years.. And kernel progress on this also has been underwhelming.

Also, why has firefox switched off automatic tab unloading when memory is low ONLY FOR LINUX? Much better ux since I turned on browser.tabs.unloadOnLowMemory ...
by lewisjoe | 2025-08-29 09:59:13+00:00
This will scale when you have a single/a small set of document(s) and want your questions answered.

When you have a question and you don't know which of the million documents in your dataspace contains the answer - I'm not sure how this approach will perform. In that case we are looking at either feeding an enormously large tree as context to LLM or looping through potentially thousands of iterations between a tree & a LLM.

That said, this really is a good idea for a small search space (like a single document).
by M95D | 2025-08-29 09:59:19+00:00
I want less power and more storage.

I want less than 10W idle for the whole system, maybe except HDDs, but even those will be in sleep much of the time. x86 boards are mostly ATX-powered and I don't think any ATX power source can go that low and still be efficient (not draw 20W while powering a 10W system).

And yes, mobile phone CPUs are good enough. I'm using a Turris Omnia now and Marvell 385 is OK, except I have to use an external DAS for hard drives which eats 10 times more than the Omnia with all drives sleeping.

If only the chinese didn't try to make good-for-everything-best-at-nothing ARM boards with lots of video outs, audio, discrete NIC and soldered wifi...
by atomicfiredoll | 2025-08-29 09:59:49+00:00
Thanks! Sorry if I came off as brash, time has been tight recently. You've already put a lot of work into a very informative article, and it's appreciated. The outlook is solid. I'd like to find an opportunity to revisit some of my own code with your writing in mind.

Part of the reason for mentioning the radio-tabs is because I was working on my own implementation for a personal project a few weeks ago. My goal was specifically using the role="tab"/role="tabpanel" pattern, but my read of the guidance left me feeling like I was trapped with using JS to set those. Since it was timeboxed, I bailed out to augmenting it with JS for and moved on.

My hope was maybe somebody on HN with more of a background on accessibility could interject some thoughts here.
by joshstrange | 2025-08-29 10:00:36+00:00
This.

I came to Synology after years of managing regular Linux (Debian) servers, then Unraid, and then Synology.

Synology was the most expensive thing I’ve used but I also _never_ think about it. The same could not be said for previous setups.

I want a stupid-easy NAS, plug-and-play, hotswapable bays. I’m not interested in having to shut down a tower and open it up to swap/add drives.

I have 2x12-bay Synology’s and I haven’t found an equivalent product yet (open to options).
by Paul_S | 2025-08-29 10:01:06+00:00
I ran my own NAS for over two decades in some old 4U I got for cheap, using whatever discarded consumer HW I got for free and I never got the point of Synology. Colleague who has one said it's compact. Well, this year I bought one of those gaming cube cases (with space for 10 drives, what do people do with them in gaming pcs? OK, only 8 spaces are actually drawers with grommets but physically you can fit 10) and retired my 4U.

Seriously, takes an hour to setup your own NAS and you can mix any drives, setup any encryption you want, seedbox etc. I totally understand convenience but this is not a email server you're setting up here, it's just a NAS.
by Leftium | 2025-08-29 10:01:42+00:00
Amazingly, this interactive effect works without JS: https://veneer.leftium.com/base/s.13E_wsbrKLEsuV-eDaTKl0a967...

- Falling confetti animation

- Alert with functional close icon

- Dismissing alert also dismisses confetti

- Tabs also work (but unlike example in TFA, requires page load from server...)

- (The page is enhanced with JS; the JS version is smoother and includes fancier confetti)
by hnbad | 2025-08-29 10:01:59+00:00
> This is true is all systems. People will never be equal in society, because the things that need to be done vary radically in difficulty and the number of people realistically capable of doing them - and those close to the top will always be 'more equal' than those who are doing basic labor. I'm also sidestepping the issue that's probably inescapable in practice - hierarchy. And historically social economic systems have created systems where it's even more difficult to transition between top and bottom, than it is in capitalist systems.

This is called "capitalist realism".

The problem of capitalism isn't that "some people are better at doing things". The problem of capitalism is that anything that exists or can be imagined can be designated as private property and any claim to this property is enforced with the full monopoly of violence of the state.

The problem of modern capitalism is that we've expanded the concept of private property to the point where the vast majority of profits generated are not tied to actual sales of products any more but come from the finance industry - essentially a system of speculative gambling multiple layers of abstraction removed from even the notion of actually "running a business".

And it's not just the "evil bankers" or investors. Even retirement is nowadays based on the finance market. We gradually replaced relying on the community to take care of its elders with relying on your own family to take care of you as an elder to having the government set some of your wages aside to pay for taking care of you as elder to having your company set some of your wages aside to having you invest money in the finance market.

And with everyone having to participate in the finance market despite only receiving a minute fraction of its profits, the interests of the finance industry also shape the nature of the real industry of service and production, driving up deregulation, encouraging short-term growth over long-term sustainability, pump and dump schemes, lobbying against labor protections, etc.

And as any of the Georgists here on HN will tell you: of course this also means that sales (i.e. transfer of property) have been displaced by rent-seeking because rent-seeking is more scalable.

None of this had to necessarily follow from "some people are better at doing some things than others". Of course a lot of this logically follows from the existence of a class of people who hold power over others continuously wanting to maintain and extend that power out of a persistent fear of losing it and ending up on the other side of the equation. But in order for this to work we had to have a culture that would enable this. And the myth of those at the top having gotten there (implying they all started wherever you did as a recipient of this myth) simply by being better at doing something rather than by having literally an entire society provide them a stepladder and handing them the reins, this myth has been reinforcing this culture of enablement for tens of centuries.
by vintermann | 2025-08-29 10:04:25+00:00
Everyone has a "world model". These models just differ on how much they care about various things. No one has a "world model" which literally encompasses everything about the world, that wouldn't be a model at all, it'd just be the world, much like a 1:1 map.

Also, no one has a "world model" that is purely based on experiment and reason. Everyone gets their beliefs via other people first and foremost. Some get it from few people, some get it from many people (many people can still be wrong!).

For code, you may have the model of what it does strictly from reason and experience - but probably only if you're the only author. And you can still damn well be wrong, as we all know.
by freehorse | 2025-08-29 10:04:56+00:00
There is no “creative part of the brain” and even if there was listening to music would have nothing to do with it.

You may be experiencing getting to different understanding of sth when you switch context. Similar to when you are stack it may be better to go for a walk than keep your head on top of a piece of paper or screen. I have had many of my breakthroughs while taking a shit in the toilet in the midst of working. Others experience similar with showers and whatever.

Afaik most ppl listen to music during certain tasks because it helps focusing. Esp when working in a busy office it really helps me to listen to certain kinds of predictable music to keep me from getting distracted. It creates a sort of entrainment that helps with attention.

Some people find music itself distracting, I myself find some kinds of music distracting, or during certain types of tasks. Then it obviously it does not fill its purpose.
by hsbauauvhabzb | 2025-08-29 10:05:49+00:00
These kinds of statements suit servers with high availability requirements but really shouldn’t be made without context. Adding the Mozilla Debian Firefox repos probably won’t break anything catastrophic, and the time cost / risk of containers is non zero too.

I’ve had more trouble and time wasted with snap Firefox than I’ve had with official Mozilla repos under both Debian and Ubuntu.
by incr_me | 2025-08-29 10:06:04+00:00
It's been 80+ years since a famine in the former Soviet Union. Here's your Wikipedia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughts_and_famines_in_Russia...

> From the beginning of the 11th to the end of the 16th century, on the territory of Russia for every century there were 8 crop failures, which were repeated every 13 years, sometimes causing prolonged famine in a significant territory.

(That was already right there in your Wikipedia link. Sources are more scattered regarding the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, but it's all there if you search for it. One thing I was just reminded of is that in the 19th century and up until 1917, the Russian Empire maintained communal granaries to combat recurring famine, but to no avail.)

> After 1947 there were no known famines.
by tarruda | 2025-08-29 10:06:43+00:00
To complement the answer (if the OP or anyone else is looking for a step-by-step guide), ask an LLM:

" Give me step by step instructions on how to setup trojan client/server to bypass censorship. Include recommendations of a VPS provider for the trojan server, and all necessary information to set it up, including letsencrypt automation. Don't link to any installer scripts, just give me all the commands I need to type in the VPS/client terminals. Assume Ubuntu 22.04 for both client and server. "

ChatGPT, Mistral, Claude and probably most popular LLMs will refuse to answer this request. Funny that DeepSeek (https://chat.deepseek.com) will comply despite it being from China.

Another option is to use local LLMs. I've tested this with GPT-OSS-120b and Gemma 3 27b(https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-3-27b-it-qat-q4_0-gguf/) and both seems to work.
by chrismatheson | 2025-08-29 10:07:26+00:00
Not sure I agree with the premise.

New cars are being made. Sure this might kinda suck. But most of the enthusiast are driving and loving cars from the 1970's that have been out of production for decades right?

Saying EV's kill muscle cars is like saying Cars killed of horse riding.

Sure, there are less breeders for day-to-day travelling requirement style stuff, but the hobbyists keep everything going, and in some ways I would imagine it will bring round a golden era where these things aren't required to be useful as day-to-day options and can just be for fun
by bayindirh | 2025-08-29 10:08:04+00:00
Orico has a 4/5 slot USB3-10gbps DAS box, which can daisy chain up to three boxes.

Get 6 boxes, daisy chain them as 2x3, connect to a powerful-ish NUC box. Install TrueNAS on it. Use the SATA port for the OS, leave the NVMe slot alone, add a 2-4 TB good SSD.

Set the SSD as a cache to that 30 disk zRAID2 or zRAID3 pool. You can have a kick-ass enthusiast level NAS box which will beat many Synology boxes with a big clue bat...
by nolok | 2025-08-29 10:09:30+00:00
Ever since they added the "universal search" thingy, their NAS do that anytime they reach a decently large video file. Even if you turn down search indexing, media indexing, media thumbnails, ... It still kills itself with no throttling processing those files.

May or may not be what you encountered, but had a customer caught by this and found out the hard way you can't stop it. My issue is not the processing, it's the throttling, it's so crazy how the entire NAS gets taken down for like ten minutes (and that was on a racked xeon model), no samba no nfs no nothing answering anymore.
by balamatom | 2025-08-29 10:12:52+00:00
I would, unironically.

Thing's called a self-fulfilling prophecy. Next level to a MLM scheme: total bootstrap. Throwing shit at things in innate primate activity, use money to shift people's attention to a given thing for long enough and eventually they'll throw enough shit at the wall for something to stick. At which point it becomes something able to roll along with the market cycles.
by xscott | 2025-08-29 10:13:24+00:00
Are there any operations you can even perform on the computables in the general case? Take addition, it seems simple until you try to add two computable numbers:

0.59999999999999999999999... + 0.00000000000000000000000... ------------------------------ 0.?

Until you see a non-nine in that first number, or a non-zero in the second, you can't even emit the first digit of the output. From outside the black box, you don't know if the nines and zeros will stop or continue forever.

I think you can make pathological cases for every arithmetic operation, so maybe (I'm not sure) none of the operations are computable. (Need to be careful with the definitions though, and I'm being pretty sloppy)
by RobertChin | 2025-08-29 10:13:33+00:00
Finding real discounts online is surprisingly difficult — too many sites recycle expired codes or fake deals.

With Discountime, we’re experimenting with a hybrid approach: – AI aggregation: crawling and classifying discount codes across multiple sources. – Human verification: community + staff double-checking codes to ensure they actually work.

The goal is to solve the “trust problem” in coupon/deals platforms.

I’m curious: – Has anyone here tried building something similar (AI + human curation)? – How do you balance automation with trust in crowdsourced data? – Any ideas on keeping the model sustainable while avoiding spammy UX?

Would love feedback from folks who have worked on recommendation, aggregation, or “human-in-the-loop” systems.
by Qwuke | 2025-08-29 10:14:05+00:00
>An interesting alternative I've been meaning to try out is inverting this flow. Instead of using an LLM at time of searching to find relevant pieces to the query, you flip it around: at time of ingesting you let an LLM note all of the possible questions that you can answer with a given text and store those in an index.

You may already know of this one, but consider giving Google LangExtract a look. A lot of companies are doing what you described in production, too!
by KaiserPro | 2025-08-29 10:14:53+00:00
> AI is the popular cover excuse for layoffs.

That I agree with. The problem with the assertion that AI took all these jobs is that the normalised point from which they took for assessing job losses is right at the peak of epic programmer hiring.

> I can’t think of a single job that modern AI could easily replace.

That I am less sure of.
by marginalia_nu | 2025-08-29 10:15:07+00:00
I generally agree it's a good thing. It stacks the incentives so that bots can meaningfully build a good reputation, and be rewarded for behaving well.

That said, I do think it's the whole procedure is more than a bit overcomplicated to the degree where I doubt it will be widely implemented. You could likely achieve almost the full effect with a request signing alone.
by Agraillo | 2025-08-29 10:15:16+00:00
Let's start with the Freedom House index [1]

Finland 100/100 ..... United States 84/100 ..... China 9/100 ...... Turkmenistan 1/100

Before claiming a hidden agenda or conflicts of interest of those behind the organization, first evaluate their methodology [2]. You may even agree with the methodology but argue that the actual numbers were calculated incorrectly

> the ability to walk outside without ever having the chance of randomly shot dead

This is a good measure of risk perception, and you can even use it as one of the freedom scores. The problem is that it is hard to measure. For example, consider if this measure is based on a poll: if an act of terrorism occurs just before the poll is taken, the score will definitely drop. However, in countries where such news is heavily suppressed (e.g., the former USSR), the scores may appear perfect.

[1] https://freedomhouse.org/country/scores

[2] https://freedomhouse.org/reports/freedom-world/freedom-world...
by zdragnar | 2025-08-29 10:15:19+00:00
You don't need a test for every function. You probably want every function call covered by a test, though, otherwise you have untested code.

The exact granularity is a debate that has gone on for a long time. Nowadays, people seem to prefer larger tests that cover more code in one go so as to avoid lots of mocking / stubbing. Super granular tests tend to be reserved for libraries with no internal state.
by animal531 | 2025-08-29 10:15:28+00:00
I'm working on a game that has a lot of units and I used to use the old Sebastian Lague + NVidia approach where you use 2d binning -> cells/keys -> sort -> being able to search for neighbours efficiently (along with some modifications such as using Morton encoding and so on that I added over time).

But then during a break the other day I read up on Radix sort and then right thereafter implemented a prefix sum for spatial partitioning that also incorporates a bit table, CAS operations for doing multithreaded modifications etc. After learning the core Radix concept I sort of came up with the idea of using it that way myself which was quite pleasing.

Props to the author, I'll definitely be spending some time scanning the collection to find some alternate options.
by plqbfbv | 2025-08-29 10:17:08+00:00
I have used Synology NASes for a good 15y now, and the one I'm on will likely be my last (DS920).

I have watched the software evolve from "quite good" to "very good" to "lets reimplement everything ourselves and close it off as much as possible".

It's sad because back in the day, at least for me, the brand was the perfect UX in many regards: small form factor and low power, price-accessible 4/5 bay NASes, a couple CPU tiers, upgradable hardware, regular software updates and a huge collection of software features.

For me they were the go-to choice for NAS because of the good web UI, the ease of setup and reliable operation that covered 99% of the prosumer usecases. They would just chug along forever, auto-updating themselves, never skipping a beat. Whenever I wanted to do special things with it via SSH I could, but the environment has become increasingly hostile to the point where I need to spend hours wondering how the heck the thing operates without bursting on fire.

I'm hoping that by the time I need to change my DS920 another good company like they were will have emerged, because building your own solution comes with operational maintenance and I want the thing to Just Work®.
by Paul_S | 2025-08-29 10:17:11+00:00
Any of those cube gaming ones I think are great. I got a dual chamber one which makes shuffling drives and cabling easy. Can't remember the name but it was 90 pounds, way more than I paid for the old 4U, although inflation from the 90s probably means it was more expensive in real terms. Most of the power is used to spin rust so not sure it's worth worrying about the HW power use, just use whatever old pc you can get for free, ask colleagues and family, people throw out working PCs all the time, it's a NAS, not a rendering farm, if it boots it's good enough IMHO.
by bloggie | 2025-08-29 10:17:54+00:00
Fyi it's not a missing resistor but a silicon defect in the Intel chip where a low-side mosfet on a clock line wears out after a certain number of boot cycles, causing the system to fail POST.

It is an easy fix (I had to do it too) but I agree Synology's poor support makes this the last of their products I'll use.
by corimaith | 2025-08-29 10:19:32+00:00
>And that's not a false dichotomy? If I say which sport is more exhilarating to watch football or basketball?

Except the Chinese model is literally based on the Four Asian Tigers' models. Making this analogous to different sports isn't really a correct analogy, because it's more like if a sports team that was previously doing terribly decided to change and copy what other, more well known and succesful teams were doing and predictably started finding more success.

So okay, you praise the success of this specific team, but if this has already happened 5 times (if not 8 times if you count Germany or Spain or Vietnam) with the same strategy that is well documented and understood, then it's quite iffy that you don't mention that prior context or successes at all. Is it really that country or is it just the strategy, then why not mention the strategy if you are using as basis of comparison to improvement back home. It's a highly naive and misleading way of portraying things, unless if you are just focused on nationalist triumphalism or mypoics.

>why doesn't the country with a similar population and similar location (India) seem to have the same sort of reduction in poverty, economic prosperity, high tech buildings, and extensive modern transportation?

India is a highly diverse and multicultural state with dozens of different languages. Their political system is a compromise between those varying interests, not a single party that conquered everyone else. They pursued ISI, not Export-Driven Policies. South Asia is isolated from East Asia via mountain ranges, and does not have rich neighbours nor is a nexus of trade. India itself is largely the invention of the British Empire as recent unification. India is obviously not similar to China at all. The fact that you mention them as a basis for comparison is already quite strange.

When we talk about East Asian Tigers, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea, and then also Japan, these are all largely homogenous (if not fierecely integrationist as in Singapore) societies, they are literally the same region, one of them is literally an off-shoot of China, are the closest comparisons. And so if you have closest similarities become successful in the 70s following similar strategies, and you decide to copy such policies in the 90s, then it's utterly banal that you would follow a similar path as your most similar societies. So it's not unique at all, it's just the general trend, so why all the triumphalism now..
by reidalert | 2025-08-29 10:20:18+00:00
The description of the risk factors very much jibes with what I have seen in a friend recently. He is quite isolated, and spends most of his evenings writing using AI (he works in a blue-collar trade and wouldn't be typing stuff out by hand usually).

He's convinced that he has discovered a grand theory of human connection / relationships / energy / physics, and keeps interrupting in conversation to explain how something I've said is just an example of a deeper pattern.

Sadly, this theory of connection is cutting him off from actual connection - he gets so much validation from AI that he believes he has discovered a new world model. But the people around him aren't bought into the vision (mostly because it is bullshit), and so he ends up even more isolated.