MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by jrochkind1 | 2025-08-26 20:31:17+00:00
Whoever imports pays the tarriff. If you order something over the internet from someone not in the US, that's the consumer.

There is a lot more direct consumer ordering from international vendors now than there was 20 years ago of course, for obvious reasons.

Note Aug 29th is also the end of the "de minimus" rules for import duties, where a shipment worth less than $800 was exempt from import taxes and duties. Some tariffs and other import taxes have always existed, but that's why you rarely saw them when ordering consumer goods internationally to the USA, if it was worth less than $800 they were skipped. That's going away, you'll be paying import taxes on every international shipment you order directly as a consumer, even if it's a $25 t-shirt -- exactly how you pay these, at what point they are calculated by who (even how to calculate them?), and who invoices you how and when as a consumer -- well that's what nobody including international shippers have figured out yet, which is what the OP is saying means they can't really ship internationally to consumers in the USA for the time being. it's gonna be a clusterfuck.

Turns out maybe there's a reason there aren't usually major changes to whole structure of import taxes made with only months notice, and tweaks and changes to them still being made only weeks/days before implementation, with no real implementation guidance provided?
by ifyoubuildit | 2025-08-26 20:31:27+00:00
What about the people who just voted against a party infrastructure that 1) insisted that a vegetable was sharp as a tack, 2) that you can't have a primary no matter how much you want it, 3) that the guy who won in 2016 is definitely working for Russia, and 4) is probably just as involved in the Epstein situation as the red team?

You chose your lesser of 2 evils, and others chose theirs. There is no acceptable choice in American presidential politics.
by chrisco255 | 2025-08-26 20:31:47+00:00
> I've crossed in and out of former East Germany and Poland when they were still behind the iron curtain and never ever had to so much as show what I had in my pockets.

I know there were exceptions for Yugoslavians and others but in general, for especially USSR citizens and Western German citizens, the flow of people across the iron curtain was incredibly regulated and especially soviets trying to flee east Germany were regularly executed. So please spare me your diatribe.

The guards, if they chose to at any time, could have detained you and questioned you. The police could have searched you at any time anywhere in the USSR whether you were a citizen or not.

In Russia this is still the case to this day.

Of course all sovereign countries, whether "bad or not" reserve the right to search anything you seek to drag into their borders. This goes without saying! No country is under an obligation to host you, you are a guest.

And no country has to subject itself to sabotage, political incitement, criminal activity, foreign lobbying, espionage, etc, from foreigners. Period.

You don't have a right to import anything in to any country without it being potentially searched. That is called border control. Every country does it to some extent, some more thoroughly than others.
by delecti | 2025-08-26 20:32:23+00:00
You can accept that they're fundamentally batshit insane and also be surprised upon learning about a specific new kind of batshit insanity.

And also, letting new batshit insane things slide is just complying in advance. If we're ever going to get back to a sane society (a big "if"), we can't accept the insanity until then, or it'll stick.
by lucideer | 2025-08-26 20:32:32+00:00
> This is really bad. I think that most people on HN will agree with that.

I may prove to be wrong but I'm looking forward to seeing how this plays out & genuinely think it could be good, holistically.

There's a number of possibilities:

1. This drives most people to Apple & Android dies. iOS is mostly a better product than Android, with the exception that Android is semi-open. This removes Android's only competitive advantage.

2. This drives most people to Apple which motivates Google to do a U-turn.

3. This drives people to Graphene in such large numbers that it gets financial support, & some banks are pressurised into dropping Play Protect requirements.

I honestly don't know which of these 3 is most or least likely but all move us away from the current stagnant position of Google being the best reasonable option of a set of very bad options. A complete Apple monopoly would obviously be bad in the short term but would at least leave an opening for fresh competitors.
by jasonthorsness | 2025-08-26 20:32:40+00:00
Unless I missed something the hotreload thing was in 2021 and Microsoft reversed the decision with an apology a day or so later:

https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/23/22742282/microsoft-dotne...

And Rider is great; its debugger works perfectly fine so whatever that was about is not really a thing.
by mxuribe | 2025-08-26 20:32:48+00:00
If i post a bunch of ghost/fake jobs, then investros *could potentially* see that as a signal that i am growing, and they should invest NOW before its too late...as one example. Another example, could be that my competition sees "enough/so many open jobs", that they might assume their market position is less than it might be - think of it as a sort of distant intimidation...but also, could be an approach for that competition to get distracted and spin their wheels trying to hire unnecessarily (to try to block up the pool of relevant candidates), thus burning budget in process, etc.
by sizzzzlerz | 2025-08-26 20:33:29+00:00
Well this made my day. Randomly clicking on the covers, I hit on November 1979. It turns out that this issue had an article on software to solve SOMA cubes and Pentominoes written in 6502 machine code and Basic for the Pet PC. When I originally read this, 46 years ago, I had an Apple II+. So I made some adjustments to the code for the Apple in both the machine code and basic and got it working. That article (along with Arthur C. Clarke's Imperial Earth) started my obsession for Pentominoes that exists today. I've taken that code and rewritten and improved it in Fortran, Pascal, C, C++, and Python. I'd copied that article and carried it with me for years until it got lost in an office move. What a treat to stumble across it today!
by tlogan | 2025-08-26 20:33:54+00:00
I just want to explain how I understand this, and please correct me if I am wrong.

In theory, importers have been required to provide a Certificate of Analysis (COA) since around 2003. This comes from federal TSCA regulations as well as California’s RoHS requirements (bill SB 20).

But in practice, nobody really followed those rules because they could claim the “de minimis” import exemption.

The problem now is that Trump issued Executive Order 14324, “Suspending Duty-Free De Minimis Treatment for All Countries.” This means that shipments valued at $800 or less from any country are no longer eligible for de minimis treatment. So in order to properly calculate taxes you need CoA.
by rkagerer | 2025-08-26 20:34:15+00:00
Yes. But let me clarify... the order was from a US merchant and shipped to Canada. Apparently at the time we put matching reciprocal tarrifs in place (some were since removed, I'm not sure whether these included). I assumed the aluminum and steel tarrifs were only on bulk raw materials, but apparently because there was no certified "% content" declaration, customs treated the whole shipment as metal.

Historically I buy a lot of high-end goods from the US on an annual basis, but after this incident I'll be actively avoiding doing so and the surprises that entails, until things get sane again.
by worik | 2025-08-26 20:34:18+00:00
> So these folks are implying that the rework of the DSM-4 into DSM-5 was tainted in some way by association of the authors with pharma or other industries?

Yes

This has been known to economists for a long time

Medicine generally has had its progress (as a general good) held back by misaligned incentives for a long time

See "neglected tropical diseases"

As true in psychiatry as anything else
by twothreeone | 2025-08-26 20:34:33+00:00
I see only 2 real arguments (actually only 1):

> If I call a plumber, and the guy who shows up doesn’t know anything except how to ask ChatGPT what to do, I will feel this person has misrepresented themselves.

This is essentially saying process matters (just as much or even more) than results. And I would say long term that is probably true, but in the short term it is often not the case. If I have a leak in my house I care not what the guy's title is. If they can fix it now, I'm happy. With a doctor I'd actually argue it is similar for emergency situations (which is why EMS are often not doctors), but in a long-term care situation it obviously becomes much more relevant. In essence, this just expresses a preference for that part of the market where interactions are less transactional and more about building lasting business relationships.

> I care because, frankly, those of us who do web development have worked damn hard to earn the proficiency we have, and we, like all other skilled laborers, deserve a measure of respect for our work.

Which is really no argument at all, because everybody deserves respect. Treating people differently because of titles is so backwards.
by daviding | 2025-08-26 20:34:44+00:00
Since I can't edit, it seems like Flash image is about 23% (4 cents vs 17 cents) of the cost of Openai gpt-image-1, if you're putting an image and prompt in and getting out, say, a 1024x1024 generated image. With the quicker production time that makes it interesting. Expecting Openai to respond at least in terms of pricing, e.g. a flat rate output cap price or something to be comparable.
by daotoad | 2025-08-26 20:35:36+00:00
I'd expect that right now it's life changing in a positive way for many recipients.

- The people getting it are in very rough shape and even a tiny bit of improved ability to control their environment is a tremendous gift to them - Musk seems to be busy playing with his other toys - We're far to early in this tech's progress for enshitification to start

Much as I dislike Musk, for the sake of all the people with debilitating conditions that this could help, I wish him phenomenal success with this project.

OTOH, I don't trust him to manage this as a product in an ethical way. What's the DBI equivalent of locking you in a car to drown?
by xp84 | 2025-08-26 20:36:03+00:00
No they don't. This kind of mustachio-twirling caricature isn't a helpful mental model of how business works.

Businesses are just large bunches of people, each trying to maximize various metrics given the incentives they interact with. None of those people, including the owner, is automatically pro-slavery, which is the other word for "wants free labor."

Everybody wants to maximize their money received and minimize their money and work expended to whatever degree possible. This isn't evil nor is it specific to "businesses," "business owners," or "rich people" either.
by overfeed | 2025-08-26 20:36:10+00:00
Great point - I've edited my initial comment to convey the meaning I intended, "don't fuck around with ...", and this administration is fucking around with tariffs.

I'm with you in expecting government to tweak, adjust and modify policy, but it's usually the experts advising and implementing, but we're in the "My ignorance is as valid as your experience era", and we will witness where that will take us.
by anigbrowl | 2025-08-26 20:36:11+00:00
But then why are CBP (via the shippers) demanding a certificate of analysis rather than just referring people to the HTS? I know a lot of people in the synthesizer industry, and where previously they would just refer to the HTS classification for musical instruments there's a lot confusion about the recently announced 100% tariff on foreign made semiconductors. Since virtually every synth uses semiconductors and a great deal of the trade is in boutique products with relatively low manufacturing volumes, the uncertainty is creating major headaches on top of the headaches caused by the shipping puases.
by crote | 2025-08-26 20:36:45+00:00
Yes, that's how the math usually works with properly-functioning global trade.

Now prove that your math is correct. Can you hand over paperwork proving that it is indeed a 4-layer PCB and not a 32-layer one? Can you prove the 1oz copper isn't secretly 2oz? Can you prove it isn't a copper-core PCB? For all we know that PCB is a 1.6mm-thick solid chunk of copper!

And what about all the parts on it? Do the manufacturers of all the components on top of that PCB provide an exact per-element writeup? How many grams of copper are in that power inductor, or the ethernet jack's magnetics?

We're still not entirely convinced your paperwork checks out. Could you please have a testing lab run it through a mass spectrometer, just to remove any doubt?

Yes, we know it's a $1.50 board. No, we don't care. Yes, you really have to do it again for the next one-off shipment - you didn't go through the proper year-long type approval process, after all.
by b_e_n_t_o_n | 2025-08-26 20:37:01+00:00
I don't know if I necessarily agree with the points in the article but I do agree that SPA's, especially modern ones, are probably better than MPA's. Client side routing is generally going to be more performant since you can minimise bytes over the wire or pull from a client side cache, preload link data etc, not to mention you can maintain state across navigations without hacking around local storage.

Modern SPA frameworks by default do SSR so it's not quite like serving index.html and bundle.js from a cdn. But for actual web apps you can do that and it works fine.

I don't really see the advantage to not using one of these frameworks today. Templating HTML in something other than Svelte/React/etc feels a lot worse in basically every way. And you get seamless reactivity. Frameworks like Solid and Svelte are really close to vanilla-js performance and their bundle sizes are quite small. Not many downsides imo, even for static sites.
by ok_dad | 2025-08-26 20:37:13+00:00
I love nuclear power and know a lot about operating them, however:

1) It's expensive. Very very expensive.

2) It's dangerous when not operated properly, and I don't trust commercial interests operating hundreds of these due to this reason.

3) It's bad for the environment, both the mining to get the uranium and all of the processes to turn it into fuel.

4) There is no answer for spent fuel.

Whereas with solar or wind you can basically remove #1, #2, and #4, however you still have to mine and process the materials.

Anyways, nuclear will be great for some niche uses, I am sure, but it isn't the answer to our green energy prayers.
by bcrl | 2025-08-26 20:37:52+00:00
The decline in monthly print medium is universal, mostly due to a loss of advertisers. Once advertisers leave, magazines and newspapers have to start cutting costs which reduces the amount and quality of the content included. The feedback cycle continues until there's nothing left. In the 1980s magazines were the primary medium through which information about new technology products spread. Then in the early 1990s people began moving online to the internet and the world changed.

In Byte's case specifically the large space devoted to ads for mail order services started to decline significantly in the 1990s. In part it was a change in the kind of reader that was interested in computers. There was no longer a need to publish the price of CPUs, SRAM and other ICs in the back of Byte as that wasn't what people were buying. Plus the mail order houses had built up their own lists of customers by then, and would directly mail flyers and catalogues. Computers were no longer easily built from scratch as 32 bit CPUs became more complex and out of reach of most hobbiests.

I loved Byte magazine in the 1980s, and learned so much from it... The monthly hardware project from Steve Circia was fascinating, and there were articles about data structures, languages and even filesystems. I am sad for the loss of that enjoyable monthly experience.
by _DeadFred_ | 2025-08-26 20:38:12+00:00
If I have 1 month of savings after which I lose my house, my car, maybe my marriage, and I invest time into your fake scheme, what is the cost to me in the end? Much more than a few bucks.

If move cross country because the job market in an area looks really good, only there aren't actually any jobs, what is the cost to me in the end?
by danaris | 2025-08-26 20:39:04+00:00
I can't speak to places outside of the Western Anglosphere, because I simply don't have any information about them—but within it, it's abundantly clear (and there have been some recent studies bearing this out) that a major cause of reduced birth rates is lack of economic opportunity among the non-capital-owning classes.

I 100% guarantee you that if we implemented a full UBI today—one that would pay something close to the median individual income, and even if it were only for adults (and thus you got no "bonus" for having extra kids)—once the initial chaos settled down, you'd see those birth rates go up quite a bit. So many people are waiting to have kids until they're financially stable enough...and then they never become so.

I know that one of the big reasons my wife and I didn't have kids in our 20s was because we were concerned about our financial stability (and frankly, we were better off than most of the people that age today—by quite a ways, since we were homeowners).
by lgleason | 2025-08-26 20:39:07+00:00
The goal is to encourage people to make things in the US and they are plugging the large hole first.

It will be interesting to see if they also apply more customs scrutiny to checked luggage for air travel when returning to the United States. Right now they are not. But, if you go to places like Costa Rica, which has had high tariffs on many imports for years, they make you scan all of your luggage when you enter the country and will stop and scrutinize what you are bringing in. CR will also periodically have raids on retailers who obtained goods that circumvented customers via things like clandestine border crossings.

There will be some secondary challenges with enforcement of this as some decide to roll the dice, import illegally and hope to not get caught. If there is enough of a price difference between buying something with a high tariff in the US vs locally I can also see some people travelling to Mexico or Canada to buy some higher dollar smaller items if the cost savings offsets the trip.
by bsimpson | 2025-08-26 20:39:09+00:00
Granted:

- Bazzite takes community contributions; whereas, SteamOS is packaged and distributed by Valve, and

- Bazzite is based on Fedora, so the work to support Fedora should bubble over to Bazzite.

I'm curious though, is there a big difference in functionality for SteamOS vs Bazzite. Are there things that work in Bazzite that wouldn't in pure SteamOS?
by Animats | 2025-08-26 20:39:46+00:00
That hardware multiprogramming concept showed up a few times. The CDC 6600 pretended to have 10 peripheral processors for I/O using that approach. National Semiconductor (I think) once made a part which had two BASIC interpreters on one CPU with two sets of registers.

TI had some IC where the registers were in main memory, with a hardware register to point to them. Context switching didn't require a register save, just pointing the register pointer somewhere else. There were stack machines such as the B5500 where the top items on the stack were in hardware registers but the rest of the stack was in memory. Floating point in the early years of floating point co-processor chips had lots of rather special registers. Getting data in and out of them was sometimes quite slow, so it was desirable to get data into the math co-processor and work on it there without bringing it back into memory if at all possible.

Lots of variations on this theme. There's a lot going on with special-purpose registers today inside superscalar processors, but the programmer can't see most of it.
by wvenable | 2025-08-26 20:40:11+00:00
Of course de minimis import rules make sense. Processing every $20 or $50 parcel through full customs would cost more in bureaucracy than it would raise in revenue. This is why many countries around the world have de minimis rules including Canada, the EU, and even China.

De minimis had nothing to do with draining out manufacturing; that's been happening for decades. Before 1993 the rate was $10.

And who cares about the "base that built America"? US unemployment was low! The US doesn't need these terrible jobs or look to the past for opportunity. There is plenty of opportunity available by looking forward.
by brandall10 | 2025-08-26 20:40:47+00:00
It’s fundamentally how tariffs work. The importer pays the cost. If it’s a finished good to a consumer, they pay the full amount. If it’s a finished good to a retailer, it’s the wholesale cost. If it’s on components used domestically, it’s the wholesale cost of those components.

In the latter two cases, it’s up to the domestic supply chain to decide how and and how much of those costs get passed on to consumers.
by the_af | 2025-08-26 20:41:17+00:00
But aren't you essentially arguing that, indeed, there's wrong and there's wronger, and refuting the English professor who seemed to argue that "everyone is wrong but until shown this they are convinced they are right, therefore all knowledge is impossible"? (i.e. a slightly less new age version of "everything is relative!").

In other words, that Asimov is saying 2+2=5, while the English professor is saying "there's not difference between 5 and 'purple' as an answer!".

In other words, don't you agree with main point of the article?

I think we do understand a lot about the universe, even though there's also a huge amount we don't. I do think we understand "the basis" as Asimov put it -- it's just that even with the basis there's a lot we don't understand.
by anigbrowl | 2025-08-26 20:41:40+00:00
I don't think it's at odds with other explanations. If you wanted a working tariff regime you'd make the tariffs graduated and reasonable - big enough to sway customer choices and ithus investment decisions, but not arbitrary seeming. More importantly, you'd work hard to ensure it rolled out smoothly and minimized commercial disruption so as to allow your price signals to function clearly.
by swader999 | 2025-08-26 20:42:04+00:00
I don't mind your response, it's interesting.

There's a wide body of scholarship on who wrote each Epistle and when, no point trying to debate that here imo. I agree they weren't all written by him, but the seven that were are enough for decades of individual study and reflection. In the ancient world, writing in the name of a respected teacher wasn’t always seen as fraud the way we think today. It could be seen as honoring a tradition — like continuing a school of thought under a founder’s name.

I don't think our replies negate each other, they seem complimentary to me.

Another aspect that's interesting is that his path covers most of the territory that was conquered by Alexander the Great, see Daniel 8-11. This Hellenistization and Paul's strength in Greek rhetoric, and 'dual' citizenship made him well suited for quickly spreading the gospel to these areas.

Jewish by birth and religion — giving him authority in synagogues, knowledge of Scripture, and credibility among Jews.

Roman by law and politics — granting him rights that protected him and enabled his mission across the empire.

This combination was rare and made Paul uniquely suited to bridge cultures: he could preach to Jews in their synagogues, debate philosophers in Greek forums, and stand trial before Roman governors.