MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by AnthonyMouse | 2025-08-22 03:18:50+00:00
> Neoclassical economics recognizes, under the standard macro model, that labor taxation is second best. The first-best is capital taxation, once and for all time

Tariffs (or, more generically, consumption taxes) are effectively both. If something is sold, the money is going to some combination of labor and capital, and then the tax is paid either way. Tariffs in particular also create a preference for domestic production, which increases domestic labor demand at the cost of lower economic efficiency and higher prices, which is the primary thing that makes them dumb if you're not a fan of taking that trade off.

In theory the primary disadvantage to consumption taxes is that unless you want to track all of everyone's consumption, it's hard to apply a progressive rate structure. But in practice there is a way to do that -- provide a universal tax credit in a fixed amount. Then everyone pays a uniform marginal rate, lower income people receive e.g. a $10,000 credit and pay $5000 in taxes (which also obviates the need for $5000 in social assistance programs), and middle and upper income people get the same $10,000 credit but pay more in tax.
by dangus | 2025-08-22 03:21:22+00:00
It’s not really black and white as you describe it, there’s a huge spectrum between “do it all yourself” and “go all in on someone’s setup.”

Different cloud services have different levels of difficulty in migrating in or out of them.

You can also mix levels of abstraction for different layers of your product.

For example, you can host something on a bare EC2 instance fronted by nginx (let’s encrypt for certs) with an RDS database and that’s going to be far more portable to someone else’s cloud than deploying to Lambda behind an ALB using AWS certificate manager.

You still didn’t “do it all yourself” because RDS still took a solid chunk of your work away even though you did nginx and your deployment to EC2 on your own.

In the case of RDS it’s one of the more trivial services to move to another provider or move to bare metal since you’re just running a standard database and all your app needs is a connection string.

(I’m not claiming this is a real architecture that makes sense, just an example of how different layers can be chosen to be managed or unmanaged).
by varenc | 2025-08-22 03:22:08+00:00
> I hope someone attaches Bluetooth speakers to their shoes and locks every cart in target, so they have to remove the system.

Friends did this college in like 2005. Cambridge area, Shaws Market I think. I imagine the hardware setup was a bit different. All the details are hazy but I recall their lock transmission signal had a huge range and locked all carts in a wide area.
by wraptile | 2025-08-22 03:22:40+00:00
It's still pretty hard to bypass it with open source solutions. To bypass CF you need:

- an automated browser that doesn't leak the fact it's being automated

- ability to fake the browser fingerprint (e.g. Linux is heavily penalized)

- residential or mobile proxies (for small scale your home IP is probably good enough)

- deployment environment that isn't leaked to the browser.

- realistic scrape pattern and header configuration (header order, referer, prewalk some pages with cookies etc.)

This is really hard to do at scale but for small personal scripts you can have reasonable results with flavor of the month playwright forks on github like nodriver or dedicated tools like Flaresolver but I'd just find a web scraping api with low entry price and just drop 15$ month and avoid this chase because it can be really time consuming.

If you're really on budget - most of them offer 1,000 credits for free which will get you avg 100 pages a month per service and you can get 10 of them as they all mostly function the same.
by jcz_nz | 2025-08-22 03:22:47+00:00
Seriously, why would you have a problem explaining where a $5M came from?

In most places this is "proceeds of crime", requiring associated convictions.

In places that have unexplained wealth statutes, the bar is also pretty high - "balance of probabilities" is not hard to argue IF YOU HAVE LEGITIMATE SOURCES OF MONEY.
by Ameo | 2025-08-22 03:25:19+00:00
I did a little mini research project into trying out KANs in practice for some toy problems, also back in 2024 when they were the hot new thing: https://cprimozic.net/blog/trying-out-kans/

TL;DR KANs are tricker to train than traditional neural networks, but they largely have similar loss values given equivalent parameter counts.

Part of this may be due to the fact that most of the optimizers and other components of the training stack have been tuned over decades for MLPs, and there may well be ways out there to get training to work even better for KANs.

I don't personally find a lot of appeal in KANs for big, deep models like LLMs or anything close to that scale. KANs and their B-Splines are much less hardware-friendly than matrix multiplication. However, they are interesting to me from an interpretability perspective, and there may be some unique possibilities there for smaller cases.
by voidhorse | 2025-08-22 03:25:19+00:00
Your point being? The characteristics of that group have no bearing on my claims about the other group. Non-technical people are not the ones, by the way, actively pushing forward technologies that directly compete with small time artists.

I'm a "technical person" myself. I'm not shitting on us, I'm just stating what I've perceived to be the case. Maybe instead of getting upset and trying to absolve ourselves because some other group is "just as bad" a better response is to encourage us to learn more and understand people better before we actively try to disrupt their livelihoods.
by rjn32s | 2025-08-22 03:26:35+00:00
Unlock the power of GPT-OSS with this step-by-step finetuning tutorial. Learn how to prepare data, train, and deploy your own custom GPT-OSS model for real-world AI applications. Whether you’re a beginner or an advanced AI developer, this video covers everything you need in 2025 to start building smarter, personalized AI with open-source GPT.
by ollin | 2025-08-22 03:26:55+00:00
Notes on my experience:

- Infra/systems: I was able to connect to a server within a minute or two. Once connected, the displayed RTT (roundtrip time?) was around 70ms but actual control-to-action latency was still around ~600-700ms vs the ~30ms I'd expect from an on-device model or game streaming service.

- Image-conditioning & rendering: The system did a reasonable job animating the initial (landscape photo) image I provided and extending it past the edges. However, the video rendering style drifted back to "constrast-boosted video game" within ~10s. This style drift shows up in their official examples as well (https://x.com/DynamicsLab_AI/status/1958592749378445319).

- Controls: Apart from the latency, control-following was relatively faithful once I started holding down Shift. I didn't notice any camera/character drift or spurious control issues, so I guess they are probably using fairly high-quality control labels.

- Memory: I did a bit of memory testing (basically - swinging view side to side and seeing which details got regenerated) and it looks like the model can retain maybe ~3-5s of visual memory + the prompt (but not the initial image).
by gsf_emergency_2 | 2025-08-22 03:27:06+00:00
I agree with the main points of this. Just some addenda (while my main loop has neither verbal nor quantitative juice to spare):

1. 1777 & 1852 were peak for iron tech. Black smithery decentralized in both solar econs. (+nitrate prod. How could those revolutions succeed otherwise?) did not read GG+S to know if he had the same or counter argument (eg incompetent monarchs.) (Role of aluminum tech is a fun rabbit hole)

2. When your main threats are either yourselves other supra-organisms (not the universe), there may be a case for violating Ashby's Law. That might not be so crackpot if your fave supra-organism has a sustainably robust energy infra

2b. One might have to make the case that the brain may be materially バロック but organizationally simple? Do hominids have the most complex brains of all? Will botanics outlive us?

2a. The hard to formalize notions of simplicity from Clausewitz

3. Loki "physically" manifesting as a Hydra, thus concluding the TV series: what if he's The Good Guy?
by smcin | 2025-08-22 03:28:10+00:00
I can't view your substack that you linked to previously.

> nobody even opens the articles

Speaking for myself, if your article was (say) "Why [do] [the] UK and Japan still keep their monarch", you need to put your thesis in the title or tagline or first paragraph. If I don't see a coherent premise that at least sounds interesting or informative or novel (or contrarian, or satirical), I'll bounce. (Do you have analytics on which channels incoming readers come from? Experiment.)

And you could personalize the article with some anecdote/ historical reference/ quote/ illustration so it isn't all dry theory, which few will read. (Not to the degree popularizers like Freakonomics did, but somewhat.)

Anyway the reason the UK still keep their monarch is centuries of political inertia; if they abolished that they'd have to abolish peerages, the social order, honors lists, end the CoE being established state church (that issue alone is a hand-grenade), then they'd have to decide if they wanted an elected or appointed President etc etc. The fact that they never had a (long-lived) revolution means they don't have a (written) Constitution. It would also cause shock waves on their status wrt Canada, Australia, NZ, the Caribbean. So it's too anachronistic to persist, yet it's too complicated to change. Realistically they only get to make changes whenever the monarchy e.g. passes from Charles to William.

Japan is different: it was what the US permitted them to retain after WWII, to maintain continuity as they reshaped postwar Japan. If the US had forced too much change too fast, there could have been resistance.
by bluGill | 2025-08-22 03:28:40+00:00
You keep it on tracks, either your own private siding, or rent from a railroad. When you want to go you arrang with the railroad to pick it up. Railroads do this all the time - they might or might not own the cars freight is going on either way they drop it off at your siding and pick it up latter. you need to plan a head though to fit their other scheduldes. There are big costs if you are not ready when the train arrives. (that is no asking them to wait while you store groceries)
by danielhanchen | 2025-08-22 03:29:23+00:00
Thanks for the suggestions! Apologies again I'm pretty bad at packaging, so hence the current setup.

1. So I added a `check_llama_cpp` which checks if llama.cpp does exist and it'll use the prebuilt one https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth-zoo/blob/main/unsloth_z...

2. Yes I like the idea of determining distro

3. Agreed on bailing - I was also thinking if doing a Python input() with a 30 second waiting period for apt-get if that's ok? We tell the user we will apt-get some packages (only if apt exists) (no sudo), and after 30 seconds, it'll just error out

4. I will remove sudo immediately (ie now), and temporarily just do (3)

But more than happy to fix this asap - again sorry on me being dumb
by jibal | 2025-08-22 03:31:19+00:00
100000th is syntactically correct. That it's semantically binary rather than decimal is the joke.

> I'm more curious if there's other suffixes to use for this kind of thing when it's not base10

No, of course not ... why would there be?

We don't say oneth, twoth, or threeth, we say first (1st), second (2nd), and third (3rd). For all other digits and numbers not ending with 1, 2, or 3 we use th. So zeroth (0th), tenth (10th), hundredth (100th), hundred thousandth (100000th). Stick 0b in front and it's 0b100000th.
by blurbleblurble | 2025-08-22 03:33:39+00:00
The false equivalence I pointed at earlier was "LLM code => no human on the other side".

The person driving the LLM is a teachable human who can learn what's what's going on and learn to improve the code. It's simply not true that there's no person on the other side of the PR.

The idea that we should be comparing "teaching a human" to "teaching an LLM" is yet another instance of this false equivalence.

It's not inherently pointless to provide feedback on a PR with code written using an LLM, that feedback goes to the person using the LLM tools.

People are swallowing this b.s. marketing mystification of "LLMs as non human entities". But really they're fancy compilers that we have a lot to learn about.
by LargoLasskhyfv | 2025-08-22 03:34:26+00:00
One does not do it like that. There needs to be a hardware video signal upscaler in between. Of which many different versions at different capability and price points exist.

Short intro here https://www.retrorgb.com/upscalers.html , be prepared for endless ramblings of what is best why for what in countless other places.
by aspenmayer | 2025-08-22 03:34:42+00:00
> meritocracy is a comforting lie.

Meritocracy used to be a dirty word, before my time, of course, but for different reasons than you may think. Think about the racial quotas in college admissions and you’ll maybe see why the powers that be didn’t want merit to be a determining factor at that time.

Now that the status quo is in charge of college admissions, we don’t need those quotas generally, and yet meritocracy still can’t save us. The problem of merit is that we rarely need the best person for a given job, and those with means can be groomed their entire life to do that job, if it’s profitable enough. Work shouldn’t be charity either, as work needs to get done, after all, and it’s called work instead of charity or slavery for good reasons, but being too good at your job at your current pay rate can make you unpromotable, which is a trap just as hard to see as the trap of meritocracy.

Meritocracy is ego-stroking writ large if you get picked, just so we can remind you that you’re just the best one for our job that applied, and we can replace you at any time, likely for less money.
by Sophira | 2025-08-22 03:34:47+00:00
As I understand it from reading the article, the sites that are vulnerable are specifically vulnerable to XSS (cross-site scripting) attacks. In other words, there are attacks from someone not affiliated with the site, and are getting the site to display things and execute scripts that shouldn't be on the site. And, presumably, these scripts will be able to send the leaked password elsewhere.

For example, say a site asked for your name and then displayed it. If the site allowed you to say that your name was "<script>console.log('XSS');</script>", and it didn't use HTML entities to encode the problematic characters, then the script would actually run on the page.

A malicious site might be able to abuse that functionality. If they convince you to click on a specially crafted link or button that sends a request to the other site, the malicious site might be able to run a script in the context of the other site that you didn't intend for it to run. That would then be a successful XSS attack, and is the kind of attack that's being mentioned here.

In this case, the attack sounds like it would leak the password that your password manager might autofill.
by jonas21 | 2025-08-22 03:35:07+00:00
No, the question was whether "the same size space of apartments" (i.e. apartment buildings occupying the same land area as the datacenter) would use more or less water than the datacenter.

Under reasonable assumptions, the apartments would use more water.

- Google's datacenter complex in the Dalles covers ~190 acres.

- Typical density for apartment buildings is 50 units/acre, meaning you'd have 9,500 units on 190 acres.

- Average household size in the US is 2.5, so the 9,500 units would have a population of 23,750.

- According to the original article, per capita domestic water usage in the U.S. is 82 gallons per day, meaning a total water consumption of 710M gal/yr for the apartments. And this doesn't count the substantial indirect water usage you'd need to support this population.

- The Google datacenter uses 355M gal/yr (per the Oregonian article).

- 710M > 355M

Now, it would be somewhat ridiculous to replace the entire Google datacenter with apartment buildings in a rural town with declining population, but that was the original question...
by dangus | 2025-08-22 03:35:40+00:00
I would still personally prefer to containerize early because I think a new company should avoid the infrastructure dependency and deployment pitfalls that come with using plain traditional EC2.

I’d say aim to avoid using tech like Chef, Ansible, Packer, etc, which will be an inevitable need for someone putting applications on EC2 instances. If these need to be used they should be used for extremely limited/basic things like if there’s stuff you need to install in the base OS for management that can’t be done in a different way.

Of course this doesn’t mean use k8s for your applications, I think ideally you’re looking at ECS leveraging either EC2 or Fargate or another cloud’s equivalent.
by pdonis | 2025-08-22 03:35:46+00:00
> It's quite obvious from your position on this matter that you're not a practicing scientist

You're correct, I'm not. But I'm also not scientifically ignorant. For example, I actually do understand how GPS works, because I've read and understood technical treatments of the subject. But I also know that I don't have to have any of that knowledge to know that my smartphone can use GPS to tell me where I am accurately.

In other words, it's quite obvious from your position that you haven't actually thought through what the test I described actually means.

> To understand the predictions, as it were, you do have to understand the experiments; if you don't, you have no way of knowing if the predictions actually match the outcomes.

Sure you do. See my examples of GPS and astronomers' predictions of comet trajectories downthread in response to MengerSponge.

It's true that for predictions of things that the general public doesn't actually have to care about, often it's not really possible to check them without a fairly detailed knowledge of the subject. But those predictions aren't the kind I'm talking about--because they're about things the general public doesn't actually have to care about.

> There is; it's called a textbook.

Textbooks aren't independent. They're written by scientists.

I'm talking about a record that's independent of scientists. For example, being able to verify that GPS works by seeing that your smartphone shows you where you are accurately.
by BLACKCRAB | 2025-08-22 03:37:22+00:00
If Mark had any questions about what would sell the idea around the world and stick with focused future and a team worth the time in AI neuroscience.combine_with_ai_entities to accepting my proposal in marketing ideas to partnership in Lumina Google Cloud sentient_being global with Meta AI X Framework Protection my name is Kevin Pierson piersonkevin290@gmail.com
by ljf | 2025-08-22 03:38:17+00:00
That is excellent! I followed more of the 'just slap speakers in it' method - I have an old 50s record player that I got as a teenager (in the 90s) the bass on it was stunning, so I played it to death until the values blew.

I then emptied out the insides as with the lid it made a nice box to keep stuff in. A few years later I worked a 2.1 computer speaker amp and drivers in there (sadly I'd used the original speakers for a project), and added a Bluetooth receiver, an ipod touch and an additional aux cable - then mounted the whole thing on hair pin legs.

It is now a cute coffee table, chest and basic speaker system - but no where near as polished as yours!
by toobulkeh | 2025-08-22 03:39:13+00:00
#StopKillingGames

Did you miss the entire article? CS itself came from a dorm room. You can have excellent games that spawn from creativity instead of monetization.

I was really into the odd maps (NIPPER) and early Internet community around games (joe2). We hosted servers off of unused CPU cycles from oil exploration boxes.

This still exists all over the web, but the creators that figured out economics moved on.
by doctor_radium | 2025-08-22 03:39:47+00:00
You're right. And I'm surprised. There are states and cities that mandate a cash option, but most don't, including my own. I now side with the OP. There was a time I carried $50 around at all times to avoid being tracked by my card data, but then got lazy. Need to return to this habit.

The only store where I insist on paying cash is (maybe not surprisingly) Home Depot, because they have this odd, shameless practice of tying your in-store purchases with your web account, and sending emails in response. No thank you.
by strogonoff | 2025-08-22 03:40:42+00:00
In the West you are free to make something that everyone thinks is a “derivative piece of trash” and still call it yours; and sometimes it will turn out to be a hit because, well, it turns out that in real life no one can reliably tell what is and what isn’t trash[0]—if it was possible, art as we know it would not exist. Sometimes what is trash to you is a cult experimental track to me, because people are different.

On that note, I am not sure why creators in so many industries are sitting around while they are being more or less ripped off by massive corporations, when music has got it right.

— Do you want to make a cover song? Go ahead. You can even copyright it! The original composer still gets paid.

— Do you want to make a transformative derivative work (change the composition, really alter the style, edit the lyrics)? Go ahead, just damn better make sure you license it first. …and you can copyright your derivative work, too. …and the original composer still gets credit in your copyright.

The current wave of LLM-induced AI hype really made the tech crowd bend itself in knots trying to paint this as an unsolvable problem that requires IP abuse, or not a problem because it’s all mostly “derivative bits of trash” (at least the bits they don’t like, anyway), argue in courts how it’s transformative, etc., while the most straightforward solution keeps staring them in the face. The only problem is that this solution does not scale, and if there’s anything the industry in which “Do Things That Don’t Scale” is the title of a hit essay hates then that would be doing things that don’t scale.

[0] It should be clarified that if art is considered (as I do) fundamentally a mechanism of self-expression then there is, of course, no trash and the whole point is moot.