MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by ralferoo | 2025-08-08 10:26:26+00:00
> For two (real ballpark number here) about 1 in 10 Americans would actively be subject to a German style exit tax like this, concentrated among working adults.

I'm sure that a sizeable percentage of Americans own a significant amount of shares via 401k or whatever, but it feels surprising if 1 in 10 own more than 1% of a company, because all of those people holding shares as investments will be buying shares in companies with thousands or millions of other investors.

But maybe it's true - I just googled about the US has 340m people and 32.5m companies - so the majority of them must be small (population/number of companies). And while a lot of companies will be owned by the same people or just administrative divisions of a group of companies, most companies have multiple directors so maybe on average it does balance out to 1 in 10 owning a decent chunk of a company. It just feels like a surprising fact.

This site [1] has some interesting stats on size of businesses, although it's interesting that in 2019 these figures say there were less than 8m businesses, which disagrees with what google told me. Also says over half of US companies have 0-4 employees.

[1] https://paradoxesinc.com/resources/us-business-patterns/
by rahimiaan | 2025-08-08 10:26:27+00:00
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by t43562 | 2025-08-08 10:26:33+00:00
...because so far only our attempts to copy nature have proven successful...in that we have judged the result "intelligent".

There's a long history in AI where neural nets were written off as useless (Minsky was the famous destroyer of the idea, I think) and yet in the end they blew away the alternatives completely.

We have something now that's useful in that it is able to glom a huge amount of knowledge but the cost of doing so it tremendous and therefore in many ways it's still ridiculously inferior to nature because it's only a partial copy.

A lot of science fiction has assumed that robots, for example, would automatically be superior to humans - but are robots self-repairing or self replicating? I was reading recently about how the reasons why many developers like python are the reasons why it can never be made fast. In other words you cannot have everything - all features come at a cost. We will probably have less human and more human AIs because they will offer us different trade offs.
by michaelt | 2025-08-08 10:27:41+00:00
I mean, it's both.

Chatgpt, claude, gemini in chatbot or coding agent form? Great stuff, saves me some googling.

The same AI popping up in an e-mail, chat or spreadsheet tool? No thanks, normal people don't need an AI summary of a 200 word e-mail or slack thread. And if I've paid a guy a month's salary to write a report on something, of course I'll find 30 minutes to read it cover-to-cover.
by xingwu82 | 2025-08-08 10:28:19+00:00
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by melvinzammit | 2025-08-08 10:28:38+00:00
If you have been developing apps in the last 2 years you know how hard it got to get app app noticed. The App Stores are piling up with vibe coded apps and it is getting harder to get an app noticed by relying just on ASO.

This year I challenged myself to build 12 Apps in 12 Months. I noticed that it doesn't matter what I build if no one gets to see it. So I encourage any indie devs out there to join me on this challenge!

One Rule: 1 Marketing Action a day for 30 days.
by logicchains | 2025-08-08 10:28:53+00:00
Here's some articles on Europe falling behind the US and China in business creation: https://www.economist.com/briefing/2021/06/05/once-a-corpora... , https://www.weforum.org/stories/2019/03/europe-is-no-longer-... , https://www.wsj.com/tech/europe-big-tech-ai-1f3f862c , https://skaleegenkapital.com/2025/03/11/a-decade-of-startup-... .
by dansmyers | 2025-08-08 10:29:03+00:00
We use ARM in our computer organization classes. It's more accessible than x86 and allows you to get a feel for the important concepts of assembly: register-to-register operations, conditional branching, and how the stack is used to manage function calls and returns.

I like the CPUlator as a platform. It lets you step through the program one instruction at a time and observe all of the registers and memory locations.

https://cpulator.01xz.net/?sys=arm

This set of lessons is a good starting point:

https://thinkingeek.com/series/arm-assembler-raspberry-pi/

My course repository has several example programs with explanatory comments:

https://github.com/dansmyers/ComputerOrganizationAndArchitec...
by BrandoElFollito | 2025-08-08 10:29:07+00:00
I did not do the price calculations (in France, and I prefer not to know :) but I host many things except for mail and calendar (mail is tricky to host). Of these 29 services, I use maybe 4 daily and 15 monthly. They are well protected, easy to maintain, and serve family and friends.

Not to mention that I love them.
by raphaelj | 2025-08-08 10:30:16+00:00
Meanwhile, according to the IEA, renewables investments exceed those in fossil fuels since +/- 2022 [1], and are expected to be the top electric power generator by 2026 [2].

The Trump administration is basically following Kodak's strategy from the early 00s.

--

[1] https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2025/exe...

[2] https://www.eco-business.com/news/iea-renewables-will-be-wor...
by potato3732842 | 2025-08-08 10:30:19+00:00
>I'm always intrigued by these associations and legal categories that nail down specific characteristics for certain foods

>A lot of them require stuff to be made in a specific

All these organizations are basically just lobbying/PR groups trying to ensure some amount of baseline "make work" for their members. They engage in certification and quality control (not that those aren't valid activities) as a means to that end. Their odd requirements like "made in X" and "consumed in Y" make sense in this context since they're basically political requirements to curry favor from various groups.

It mostly works. Neapolitan Pizza tastes the same everywhere and engineered structures mostly don't fall down but given the change these organizations try their hardest to capture markets and stamp out lower end competing offerings which is bad.
by andy99 | 2025-08-08 10:30:28+00:00
I also winced at "impossibly fast" and realize that it must refer to some technical perspective that is lost on most users. I'm not a front end dev, I use linear, I'd say I didn't notice speed, it seems to work about the same as any other web app. I don't doubt it's got cool optimizations, but I think they're lost on most people that use it. (I don't mean to say optimization isn't cool)
by ndriscoll | 2025-08-08 10:30:29+00:00
I type around 90-100 wpm and I appreciate that clementine player for example doesn't seem to have any delay except apparently when querying radio stations (which is described as "to be polite"). When searching your own library, it updates immediately (I'd be very surprised if the query weren't faster than my monitor refresh). My only perception is that it's fast. I don't know why anyone would see it as janky.

So it seems to me that it's entirely about not wasting resources/to be polite. In the limit where you have a computer that can do its work faster than your display refreshes, letting it do so seems to clearly make everything feel snappier.

No one's typing quickly on a phone anyway and most people probably do a word at a time, and that word will come in slower than your denounce, so again there is no point in delaying it.

One thing another user pointed out is that your search does need to be stable. An exact substring match shouldn't randomly get bumped down as you type more.

A separate issue you might encounter for slow queries is that requests might get blocked behind each other such that your new query is queued before you even submitted the previous one. In that case it makes sense to cancel the unsent one (and if very expensive, perhaps when the sent ones), but I don't know that web browsers can tell you whether a request is queued or in-flight or give you meaningful lifecycle hooks. Obviously normal programs have a lot more flexibility in how to handle this. But this is also not the case posited originally, which is low latency/fast processing.
by jillesvangurp | 2025-08-08 10:30:41+00:00
I'm not saying use it blindly. But it helps going into discussions with experts, advisers, etc. with some preparation and knowledge. Worst case you are wrong and they'll correct you and best case you pre-empt some actual problems. And it's not like advisers, accountants, etc. don't make mistakes, overlook stuff, or sometimes work against your interests. It helps being a bit hands on. And LLMs make that a lot easier.

Also LLMs are great for picking apart complex bureaucratic procedures, figuring out what next needs to be done, what the meaning is of some 10 page pile of crap the tax office dumped in your mail box, etc. Especially if you are not a native German speaker. You can ask your critical questions, get it to explain stuff you don't understand, etc. In the end, you are responsible for your actions. Limited liability in Germany isn't that limited. So, spending some time on figuring out whether you are doing it right is hard work. LLMs help.

But yeah, don't vibe run your private finances and sources of income.
by kmacdough | 2025-08-08 10:31:27+00:00
Anthropic has always been one of the best at not optimizing for stupid metrics. Rather, they spend significant energy researching weaknesses and building metrics around that. Google is also pretty on point IMO, but they can also afford to dedicate to these nonsense metrics as they are still good marketing.

Meanwhile Meta and Xai are behind the ball and largely marketing focused.
by pietervdvn | 2025-08-08 10:32:19+00:00
Except that it got around 2.9K reviews by now, which is more then you have right now. Furthermore, we shouldn't further fragment the few open source review efforts we have.

Many OSM apps will also be reluctant to adopt a closed source solution that might be closed of any moment. And under what licenses will those reviews be? As MapComplete developer, I can not and will not be adopting a system based on Bluesky
by coldtea | 2025-08-08 10:32:52+00:00
A major subset is people pretending to be musicians but not care to make music themselves. They just want the title for free. That's the demographic that used loops off of Splice (not even crate digging) + note generators and such and called it a day.

Another more valid subset would be something like a music bed for a video or podcast etc.

A third use is for spamming streaming platforms and making money off undiscerning suckers.
by tim333 | 2025-08-08 10:32:53+00:00
My hunch is generative pre-trained transformers aren't going to do it just by scaling. Humans learn and modify their models as they go, it isn't all pre-training and then fixed. We need a modified algorithm.

The current situation is kind of like a grand prize where Zuck or similar will hand $1bn to anyone who cracks it. That's a huge incentive for people to have a go.
by sim7c00 | 2025-08-08 10:33:34+00:00
answering questions by guessing next tokens in a sentence is different from running .contains on a list of strings. if you formulate your question more specifically it will do the duty..

i am not familiar with american states, but it produced me a list of state names with checkmarks nexto each with an r or R in it (one or more) and a total count. both seem correct. I just dont know if the list itself is correct :p

this guy is asking it by having it draw a map thats not a very logical way to answer a question. it skips over logical steps, so it has a bad answer
by bluecalm | 2025-08-08 10:34:27+00:00
There are many ways to make consumption taxes not regressive. You can implement refunds up to certain threshold. You can use the revenue to fund services used by lower income families. You can tax luxury good at higher rates.

EU countries already realize it's the case with IT services (everyone wants their share with digital tax) and with big supermarket chains (big issue in Poland). It's just painfully slow for them to connect the dots and introduce a general solution.
by lelanthran | 2025-08-08 10:34:40+00:00
> This is definitely wrong, last year it was $725m/month expenses and $300m/month revenue.

It looks like you're using "expenses" to mean "opex". I said "spend rate", because they're spending that money (i.e. the sum of both opex and capex). The reason I include the capex is because their projections towards profitability, as stated by them many times, is based on getting the compute online. They don't claim any sort of profitability without that capex (and even with that capex, it's a little bit iffy)

This includes the Stargate project (they're committed for $10b - $20b (reports vary) before the end of 2025), they've paid roughly $10b to Microsoft for compute for 2025. Oracle is (or already has) committed $40b in GPUs for Stargate and Softbank has committments to Stargate independently of OpenAI.

> Looks like the nearly-2:1 ratio is also expected for this year: https://taptwicedigital.com/stats/openai

I find it hard to trust these numbers[1]: The $40b funding was not in cash right now, and depends on Softbank for $30b with Softbank syndicating the remaining $10b. Softbank themselves don't have cash of $30b and has to get a loan to reach that amount. Softbank did provide $7.5b in cash, with milestones for the remainder. That was in May 2025. In August that money had run out and OpenAI did another raise of $8.3b.

In short, in the last two to three months, OpenAI spent $5b/month on revenues of $0.5b/m. They are also depending on Softbank coming through with the rest of the $40b before end of 2025 ($30b in cash and $10b by syndicating other investors into it) because their commitments require that extra cash.

Come Jan-2026, OpenAI would have received, and spent most of, $60b for 2025, with a projected revenue $12b-$13b.

---------------------------------

[1] Now, true, we are all going off rumours here (as this is not a public company, we don't have any visibility into the actual numbers), but some numbers match up with what public info there is and some don't.
by eloisant | 2025-08-08 10:34:41+00:00
It reminds me of the latest, most advanced steam locomotives from the beginning of the 20th century.

They become extremely complex and sophisticated machines to squeeze a few more percent of efficiency compared to earlier models. Then diesel, and eventually electric locomotive arrived, much better and also much simpler than those late steam monsters.

I feel like that's where we are with LLM: extremely smart engineering to marginally improve quality, while increasing cost and complexity greatly. At some point we'll need a different approach if we want a world-shattering release.
by WillAdams | 2025-08-08 10:35:26+00:00
A good example of this is revisions EDIT: of the interpretations :ENDEDIT of historical data:

https://www.science.org/content/article/world-1-3%C2%B0c-or-...

Apparently the Japanese continued using wooden buckets longer than other navies, resulting in Pacific data being skewed.
by marcus_holmes | 2025-08-08 10:35:37+00:00
kinda the point - if you've got a bajillion users who are using the thing you're hoping to change, you have a strong limitation that you can't change anything that they're currently using. You have to maintain backward compatibility.

This is why "referer" is still mis-spelled in HTTP. To correct it without causing problems, you'd need to alter the code on every router on the planet, simultaneously. It would literally be easier to change the dictionary and every document with the word "referrer" in it.

So, yeah, there's no sunk cost here. It's more like sunk foundations - you're building on top of what has gone before, and you can only build up.
by burnt-resistor | 2025-08-08 10:35:57+00:00
Yep. It's the insulated, disconnected insouciance and unbounded selfishness that comes with a distinct lack of consideration, vulnerability, and theory of mind. To restore survival and decency, redistribution of wealth above $200 million needs to happen in all nations to put the morbidly rich on "GLP-1" and an incremental tax to prevent excessive wealth hoarding. Of course, this also requires the political coercion or overthrowing of corrupt regimes that won't allow fair, democratic elections.
by dustingetz | 2025-08-08 10:37:43+00:00
non-relational, document oriented pubsub architecture based on MongoDB, good for not much more than chat apps. For toy apps (in 2012-2016) – use firebase (also for chat apps), for crud-spectrum and enterprise apps - use sql. And then React happened and consumed the entire spectrum of frontend architectures, bringing us to GraphQL, which didn't, but the hype wave left little oxygen remaining for anything else. (Even if it had, still Meteor was not better.)
by gchadwick | 2025-08-08 10:37:50+00:00
I'd argue the last one looks better as well, at least if you're considering what looks more 'real'. The ChatGPT one looks like it could have been a shot from a film, the Krea one looks like a photo someone took off their phone of a person heading into a car park on their way back from a party dressed as a super hero (which I think far better fits the vibe of the original image).
by ozgung | 2025-08-08 10:37:57+00:00
One key element missing from all these model cards are the model size/number of parameters. Without that info we are in the dark. We can't predict the future of AI. How does the intelligence scale with the increasing #parameters? Is there a limit? Should we attribute incrementally better metrics to larger model size or other techniques? Do they announce the full model they trained or a smaller version that is economically viable for the market conditions? If they double the model size will it be a Professor-level intelligence, a super-human level intelligence or a couple of phds level intelligence?
by ralferoo | 2025-08-08 10:41:06+00:00
Agree about a specialist, but probably moving an existing company into an umbrella structure is likely to be considered similarly to a sale for tax purposes.

In the UK, you have to specifically request HMRC to authorise any such plans if you want to avoid paying tax on it, and even then I believe it's only (relatively) simple if you're doing a straight share swap - so the existing company becomes fully owned by a newly created group company and the existing shareholders get the same allocation of shares in the new company. Anything else needs HMRC to assess the values of both companies and decide whether a taxable event has occurred, and what the nominal value to be taxed is. I'm pretty sure if you were trying to move an existing company into an offshore parent company, it'd be treated as a sale.
by Fargren | 2025-08-08 10:41:39+00:00
Some people don't lose weight as easily as others, due to genetics, medical treatment, disability... And even some others have the freedom to not invest as much effort on losing weight.

Point being: there are overweight Japanese, despite the existence of the measures Japan takes to avoid it. These are the people I mean that it doesn't work for. And for those people, they don't have to deal only with the consequences of being overweight, they also have to deal with being treated very poorly. You can say it's for their own good, and the it incentives them to better themselves. Regardless, it still sucks for them.

Shaming people into losing weight may work, on aggregate. I'm not entirely convinced it's a good way to go about it, at the individual level.
by robocat | 2025-08-08 10:41:48+00:00
> The prior is the market.

What a wierd statement. It matters not how well others do. In a winner takes most market, then only the median outcome matters ($0 usually).

I admit my statement about priors was unclear: I meant that your prior is a previous attempt with a startup. If you have influence and the startup fails then that is a signal about your ability to be successful working with your next startup.

> The bar (and what the model is calculating) is Series A

Common shares still have a median worth of $0 on series A.

> Model is change jobs every 18 months if not booming. A 1 in 10 chance is quite reasonable over a career.

I really doubt that. Someone has some historical stats that would show the truth either way. YC in particular haven't published any stats on median returns. I've only seen them mention average returns (heavily skewed by outlier winners). They have the data but they don't publish the modal return because they are VCs.

Common shares only return value for the rarer big successes. I also strongly suspect that there's a lot of historical bias. VCs play repeated games and are getting better at reducing the value of common shares to $0. It is an adversarial relationship: every dollar that common shares gain is a dollar that preferencial could have had if they played their game better.
by delusional | 2025-08-08 10:42:04+00:00
I can't help but feel this is missing the point. Ideally, next refresh click latency is a fantastic goal, we're just not even close to that.

For me, on the web today, the click feedback for a large website like YouTube is 2 seconds for first change and 4 seconds for content display. 4000 milliseconds. I'm not even on some bad connection in Africa. This is a gigebit connection with 12ms of latency according to fast.com.

If you can bring that down to even 200ms, that'll feel comparatively instantaneous for me. When the whole internet feel like that, we can talk about taking it to 16ms
by LeGrosDadai | 2025-08-08 10:42:54+00:00
Related: https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity23/presentat... and https://tosc.iacr.org/index.php/ToSC/article/view/12077

Why EU saw fit to buy very expensive proprietary software encryption, when there are open source standards, some of them designed in the EU itself is beyond me. Of course, you still someone to build the hardware and so on.
by diggan | 2025-08-08 10:43:32+00:00
> If you mean CoT, it's mostly fake

If that's your take-away from that paper, it seems you've arrived at the wrong conclusion. It's not that it's "fake", it's that it doesn't give the full picture, and if you only rely on CoT to catch "undesirable" behavior, you'll miss a lot. There is a lot more nuance than you allude to, from the paper itself:

> These results suggest that CoT monitoring is a promising way of noticing undesired behaviors during training and evaluations, but that it is not sufficient to rule them out.
by sylware | 2025-08-08 10:44:29+00:00
How do you make work those terminal AI prompts?

Are those for the anonymous accesses of the AI prompts?

If those are for the authenticated AI prompts, how to create a "non-anonymous" account with a noscript/basic (x)html browsers (not to mention I am self-hosted without paying the DNS mafia, namely my emails are with ip literals, ofc I prefer IPv6).