MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by alwillis | 2025-07-28 20:02:23+00:00
Yes and no.

It’s very expensive to create these models and serve them at scale.

Eventually the processing power required to create them will come down, but that’s going to be a while.

Even if there was a breakthrough GPU technology announced tomorrow, it would take several years before it could be put into production.

And pretty much only TSMC can produce cutting edge chips at scale and they have their hands full.

Between Anthropic, xAI and OpenAI, these companies have raised about $84 billion dollars in venture capital… VCs are going to want a return on their investment.

So it’s going to be a while…
by Jcampuzano2 | 2025-07-28 20:02:25+00:00
My opinion is all of these tools should completely get rid of the "pay 20/month, 200/month", etc just to get access to some beholden rate limited amount that becomes hard to track.

Mask off completely and just make it completely usage based for everyone. You could do something for trial users like first 20 (pick your number here) requests are free if you really need to in order to get people on board. Or you could do tiered pricing like first 20 free, next 200 for X rate, next 200 for X*1.25 rate, and then for really high usage users charge the full cost to make up for their extreme patterns. With this they can still subsidize for the people who stay lower on usage rates for market share. Of course you can replace 200 requests with just token usage if that makes sense but I'm sure they can do the math to make it work with request limits if they work hard enough.

Offer better than open-router pricing and that keeps people in your system instead of reaching for 3rd party tools.

If your tool is that good, even with usage based it will get users. The issue is all the providers are both subsidizing users to get market share, but also trying to prohibit bad actors and the most egregious usage patterns. The only way this 100% becomes a non-issue is usage based for everything with no entry fee.

But this also hurts some who pay a subscription but DONT use enough to account for the usage based fees. So some sales people probably don't like that option either. It also makes it easier for people to shop around instead of feeling stuck for a month or two since most people don't want multiple subs at once.
by colonwqbang | 2025-07-28 20:03:06+00:00
When it looked like Microsoft might close off Windows, Valve built their own SteamOS Linux distro. It now runs many AAA and indie titles, making Linux-based gaming very practical. This is something which was at one time considered impossible.

Valve also have an extremely loyal customer base. If they have to open an account at the Bank of Gaben to get their fix of smutty games, they just might.
by manveerc | 2025-07-28 20:03:30+00:00
For most people, this is a tool we use daily. What’s the reasoning behind choosing a weekly usage limit instead of a daily one? Is it because the top 5 percent of users tend to have spiky usage on certain days, such as weekends? If that’s the case, has there been any consideration of offering different usage tiers for weekdays and weekends?

I’m just curious how this decision came about. In most cases, I’ve seen either daily or monthly limits, so the weekly model stood out.
by vulkoingim | 2025-07-28 20:03:52+00:00
If you could try again. I fixed a few small things, and I haven't seen the error since. Unfortunately it seems to manifest sporadically on mobile. I have a feeling there's something in the callback URL I get when authenticating through the mobile app... but still can't pinpoint it 100%

You could also clear your cookies - in case you managed to log-in the previous time and they got set.
by oceanofsolaris | 2025-07-28 20:04:17+00:00
I don’t think you can really accuse the lesswrong crowd of being in it to hype up OpenAI.

They don’t profit from it (well at least the current doom crowd), they have been saying that this is super-risky since “forever” (15 years), they strongly argue against e.g. OpenAI going private … I really don’t understand where this whole strand of thinking of hidden ulteriour motives for AI doomers comes from, AFAIK there was never a single clear case where this happened (and the arc of people invested in AI is they they become less of a doomer the more financially entangled they become with AI, see Elon or Altman).
by dctoedt | 2025-07-28 20:04:19+00:00
FTA: "The new fee would be a much more exorbitant cost for some patent holders that would function like a property tax."

I've long thought that'd be a good idea: The government practically gives away these legal monopolies — but really, they're like hunting licenses, allowing patent holders to try to levy (what amount to) taxes that are paid indirectly by the public. So it doesn't seem unreasonable that the public should get its cut.

Yes, sometimes a patent holder really is providing a benefit to the public in exchange — but not always.
by zehaeva | 2025-07-28 20:04:30+00:00
While I don't think that we can reason everything from first principles, those who think they can are doomed to fall pray to their own personal bias and repeat errors that our forebearer had, I do think that everyone should give everything a bit of a quick sanity check before accepting anything as a new belief.

Just a small, quick, bit of review. Does this thing make logical sense? Does it smell of any logical fallacies? What are the priors, or assumptions, that the argument is making?

I am not a fan of Scott Alexander, but he does at least give a fair amount of thought to his arguments and conclusions. However that doesn't mean much if the premise is flawed or his priors are miss calibrated. This goes for anyone. Just because the person you're looking up to has well reasoned arguments doesn't mean they're correct.

Aquinas started from the position that god exists and went from there. And while his arguments are really well reasoned and logical, they only make sense if you accept his priors.

Any given argument makes sense if your priors start in the right place for them. Euclidian Geometry works great, but if you throw out/modify the parallel postulate you can get wildly different answers for what makes sense. You can craft crazy mathematical worlds if you tweak ZFC, throw away the axiom of choice and some different stuff starts to happen.

Anyways, I hope you stop glazing scott, take everything you read with a grain of salt, and think for yourself.
by BadCookie | 2025-07-28 20:04:54+00:00
I grew up in a blue collar family. One thing that Dems tend to overlook, I think, is that most people do not want to receive charity. They want to be able to afford things on their own through their own hard work. It hurts their pride to receive anything that could be construed as "welfare." It makes them feel like they, and their country, are failing. So I'm not sure if the Medicaid/ACA approach to healthcare is a particularly good one from a purely psychological standpoint. (Some folks are scared to accept Medicaid because of estate recovery, too.)

In my state, a full 1/3 of the population is on Medicaid ... which seems extremely high for a program originally intended for the poor.

From a financial standpoint, it doesn't seem like either party has succeeded at significantly slowing the growth in healthcare costs overall. How much more can it grow without breaking? The Dems haven't proposed a solution either.
by badlibrarian | 2025-07-28 20:05:23+00:00
That doesn't match what the top study says: 1.4% for anal and 0.08% for vaginal.

> The analysis, based on the results of four studies, estimated the risk through receptive anal sex (receiving the penis into the anus, also known as bottoming) to be 1.4%.

> It is estimated the risk of HIV transmission through receptive vaginal sex (receiving the penis in the vagina) to be 0.08% (equivalent to 1 transmission per 1,250 exposures).
by ben_w | 2025-07-28 20:05:55+00:00
While I suspect 1. to resolve false, I wish to offer anecdote about what's possible:

I'm currently living in a well insulated German new build, and over this last winter was wearing a T-shirt inside while it was actively snowing outside. The average combined power consumption of all things in this property is about 500 watts. It would be lower, but we didn't know how to correctly configure some of it in the first 6 months.
by thegrim33 | 2025-07-28 20:06:23+00:00
The US is a "governance-avere" society from conception. The Constitution decrees that the government should only have a few explicitly enumerated responsibilities, and nothing else. The country was set up such that the laws that affected a person were supposed to be from as much of a local level as possible. It was set up such that there wouldn't be some rulers (even if democratically elected) lording over the country, deciding things for everyone. A huge chunk of the founding fathers argued for not having a federal government at all.

The US was literally the people rejecting the UK governance system and starting their own, setting it up in a way so that it would never be the UK governance system. And here you are complaining that people in the US point to government happenings in the UK as something to be wary of, saying that the US has become "governance-averse"? Seriously?
by lossolo | 2025-07-28 20:06:31+00:00
Buy 4–8 used 3090s (providing 96–192 GB of VRAM), depending on the model and weight quantization you want to run. Used 3090 costs around $800. Add more RAM to offload layers if needed. This setup currently offers the best value for performance.

https://www.reddit.com/r/LocalLLaMA/comments/1iqpzpk/8x_rtx_...

You can look for more rig examples on that subreddit.
by CodeBrad | 2025-07-28 20:07:16+00:00
I think Claude Code also already has the option to provide an API key directly for usage based pricing.

I'm a fan of having both a subscription and a usage based plan available. The subscription is effectively a built in spending limit. If I regularly hit it and need more value, I can switch to an API key for unlimited usage.

The downside is you are potentially paying for something you don't use, but that is the same for all subscription services.
by jrm4 | 2025-07-28 20:07:24+00:00
I honestly don't think that "vibecoding/AI" are likely to make cybersecurity all that much worse, for the obvious reason of how trash it is already.

If anything, perhaps you'll get an antifragility effect; e.g. you get a ton of multiplied low skill hacks that ACTUALLY forces this industry to get it's collective s** together in a meaningful way.
by Pxtl | 2025-07-28 20:08:05+00:00
> “why is this broken test here that appears to test a behavior we don’t support”

Because somebody complained when that behavior we don't support was broken, so the bug-that-wasn't-really-a-bug was fixed and a test was created to prevent regression.

Imho, the mistake was in documentation: the Test should have comments explaining why this test was created.

Just as true for tests as for the actual business logic code:

The code can only describe the what and the how. It's up to comments to describe the why.
by johnisgood | 2025-07-28 20:09:39+00:00
Oh jeez, I am not into sexual stuff in general and I find if baffling that people do send such pictures, especially to random people but I do not want to come across as someone who thinks I am morally superior because I am most definitely not.

In any case, yeah, peeing my pants might be leaning towards the safe side.

And no, I did not mean "intentionally pee near kids", that is disgusting (to me). I meant that theoretically it could be a problem were a parent with their kid to walk nearby at the same time (and I am curious about the law side of it), not that I would go to a nearby park and do it (I cannot hold it back anyways). That is disgusting. The problem is that I cannot even hold it back, so no matter where I am, I will either pee or pee myself. If I am at a nearby park (not gonna happen, I have mobility issues), then of course I am going to pee myself, unless the park is empty.

Thankfully I have never gotten into a situation like this before because I try to plan as much as I can before going out, but accidents happen.
by bjoli | 2025-07-28 20:10:55+00:00
Why do people vote for populists that inevitably will just do the bidding of the rich and powerful? That man is such a disgustingly clear example.

The same thing is true in Sweden. People vote for the party that blames the immigrants and then goes on to rule with the liberal conservative part. They all know that during the time they claim is the downfall of Sweden, we have more than one third of state tax income and had the worst privatisation of schools worldwide, . Yet the problems with schools and healthcare is immigration.

Demagogues are what they are.
by ashf023 | 2025-07-28 20:11:24+00:00
All goroutines are async in some sense, so generally you don't need to return a channel. You can write the function as if it's synchronous, then the caller can call it in a goroutine and send to a channel if they want. This does force the caller to write some code, but the key is that you usually don't need to do this unless you're awaiting multiple results. If you're just awaiting a single result, you don't need anything explicit, and blocking on mutexes and IO will not block the OS thread running the goroutine. If you're awaiting multiple things, it's nice for the caller to handle it so they can use a single channel and an errorgroup. This is different from many async runtimes because of automatic cooperative yielding in goroutines. In many async runtimes, if you try to do this, the function that wasn't explicitly designed as async will block the executor and lead to issues, but in Go you can almost always just turn a "sync" function into explicitly async
by pempem | 2025-07-28 20:11:28+00:00
It might not be fun but the term is great! 'Rumor Driven Development' - definitely keeping this in my back pocket.

In consulting you tend to encounter this a lot given that its the largest visible symptom of a lot of root problems such as: 1/ no owner 2/ unaligned priorities 3/ a lot of fear or lack of ownership mentality

Generally I push for an agenda and an owner of each topic (or all topics) and a recap, preferably in a transparent location like confluence. Given all the synthesis tools in the market, synthesis has gotten easier.

I also generally push to have leadership realize how costly each meeting is and encourage people to excuse themselves from meetings if they are not: owners, influencers, stakeholders.
Launch: Miget – A New Kind of PaaS (No Per-App or Usage-Based Billing)
by ktaraszk | 2025-07-28 20:11:33+00:00
Hey HN,

After years of pain using platforms like Heroku, Render, Fly, and Railway, we decided to build our own. It’s called Miget, and it rethinks both the developer experience and the economics of deployment.

Most PaaS platforms charge you per app, per dyno, per background worker, per staging environment, and so on. Or worse—usage-based billing that’s impossible to predict (hi Railway).

We flipped the model:

You choose a plan (with fixed CPU/RAM), deploy as many apps as you want inside it—frontend, backend, workers, databases-and that’s your bill. No surprises, no meter running in the background. Think VPS simplicity with modern PaaS DX.

Under the hood:

- Fair Scheduler based on CFS principles (like a smarter VPS)

- Kubernetes + microVMs (CloudHypervisor)

- Cloud Native Buildpacks or Docker builds

- Built-in IPv6, SSH, full API (coming soon)

- Transparent billing via Polar.sh

- Usage-based billing opt-in (coming soon)

Built for hackers, indie devs, startups building their MVPs or just tired of being nickel-and-dimed.

Clarification on the name: It’s Miget, pronounced like “widget.” Not “midget.” No relation, no offense intended-just a short, punchy name.

Would love your thoughts, feedback, roasting, or questions. Live now at https://miget.com
by Tharre | 2025-07-28 20:11:41+00:00
Very roughly, and assuming mid-range is around 400-500 bucks like the fairphone:

- Memory tagging is still pixel exclusive for now, but it's part of ARMv9 so it should be available on more devices in the future unless they disable it

- Most devices now have a secure element, though the exact capabilities vary

- Baseband isolation - no idea really, most chipsets should support IOMMU (or SMMU as ARM calls it) but is not very obvious if that's setup sanely or even used at all on your average device. So I'm guessing most devices are about the same.

- Security patches certain vendors are much better (like Samsung, for their non-budget devices anyway) but a lot do much the same. It shouldn't generally be worse because of Google's requirements.

- Verified boot is pretty standard
by logicchains | 2025-07-28 20:11:55+00:00
>it'll cost me about USD 70k just to put three kids in school. Accommodation is also quite expensive,

Just a note to you or anyone else reading this, USD 70k is on the high side; average yearly schooling cost in Dubai is around 40k for 3 kids. And the accommodation cost depends heavily on location; it's more than 50% cheaper if willing to live at least half an hour's drive from the city centre.
by xg15 | 2025-07-28 20:11:55+00:00
> While we can use pretrained models such as Word2Vec to generate embeddings for machine learning models, LLMs commonly produce their own embeddings that are part of the input layer and are updated during training.

So out of interest: During inference, the embedding is simply a lookup table "token ID -> embedding vector". Mathematically, you could represent this as encoding the token ID as a (very very long) one-hot vector, then passing that through a linear layer to get the embedding vector. The linear layer would contain exactly the information from the lookup table.

My question: Is this also how the embeddings are trained? I.e. just treat them as a linear layer and include them in the normal backpropagation of the model?
by iryndin | 2025-07-28 20:11:58+00:00
Thanks for checking it out! Neither source alone provides a full or reliably structured picture across all TLDs, especially considering differences in availability, formats, and update frequencies. AllZoneFiles.io focuses on unifying and maintaining a consistent, deduplicated, and regularly updated dataset spanning 1570+ zones and 300M+ (as of today: 305+ millions) domains. I prefer not to go into detail on the exact sourcing pipeline, but it involves a fair amount of normalization, reconciliation, and monitoring to keep the data accurate and usable at scale. Thank you!
by kemotep | 2025-07-28 20:12:49+00:00
In the cases where certificates cannot be automatically issued and renewed, what does this offer that a calendar reminder cannot do?

Certs have built in lifetimes in a standardized format, reading a certs expiration date, setting a calendar reminder X number of days before then and inviting the team responsible for that infrastructure certainly that doesn’t need another tool? Just a check box in the process?
by dissent | 2025-07-28 20:13:07+00:00
Anybody is free to agree or disagree with that as they see fit. You yourself qualify them as "trans women", after all. However, you can accept them as "real women" without that automatically entitling them to participate in women's sports. It is justified by the importance of women's sports to the well being of the vast majority. They ought to pick a different hill to die on.
by knowsuchagency | 2025-07-28 20:13:49+00:00
One feature I would love to have is the ability to switch the model used for a message using a shorthand like #sonnet. Often, I don't want or need opus but I don't want to engage in a 3 step process where I need to:

1. switch models using /model 2. message 3. switch back to opus using /model

Help me help you (manage usage) by allowing me to submit something like "let's commit and push our changes to github #sonnet". Tasks like these rarely need opus-level intelligence and it comes up all the time.
by furyofantares | 2025-07-28 20:14:04+00:00
I know, I do it all the time! I wasn't calling out 240 hours as being impossible to hit in 168 hour weeks. I suppose "does not really look limited" could be read multiple ways - I did not mean it's literally unlimited, just that it doesn't look very limited.

You can make your own comparison to however many hours you usually spend working in a week and how many sessions you have active on average during that time.
by Arch-TK | 2025-07-28 20:14:10+00:00
> The only reason one would unlock a bootloader is to root the system partition. It is impossible to protect data on rooted phones and makes data exfiltration attacks significantly easier to do.

What are you smoking?

The only reason I've ever unlocked a bootloader has been to replace the OS with a different one. And it had nothing to do with rooting. I have no interest in having a rooted phone on my person at all times. But I have full interest in having GrapheneOS protecting me, among many other things, from opportunistic government spying.
by bobthepanda | 2025-07-28 20:14:22+00:00
The American healthcare system is expensive partially because it’s not really a market, you’re tied to the insurance your work offers you and there are all kinds of middlemen like the PBMs.

There were two options that have been debated before:

* Obamacare’s deleted “public option” which would’ve essentially provided the baseline standard coverage introduced by the ACA; this got deleted due to opposition from moderates and so private insurers offer these plans instead

* Medicaid for All just proposes this entirely to remove layers of middlemen, but is even more opposed by moderates

——

The problem really is the linkage of health insurance to work, but it’s political suicide to sunset this since the transition period will be incredibly painful
by jerf | 2025-07-28 20:14:38+00:00
It's the team of PhDs dedicated to me personally part that gets me.

In the current world, and the world for the next few years, the amount of human and CPU time that can be aimed at me personally is still low enough that what "real reality" generates outweighs the targeted content, and even the targeted content is clearly more accurately modeled by a lot of semi-smart people just throwing stuff at the wall and hoping to hook "someone" who may not be me personally. We talk about PhDs getting kids to click ads, and there's some truth to that, but at least there isn't anything like a human-brain-equivalent dedicated to getting my kids, personally, to click on ads. I have a lot of distrust of a lot of things but at least I can attack the content with the fact that needing to appeal broadly still keeps the content somewhat grounded in some sort of reality.

But over time, my personal brainpower isn't going to go up but the amount of firepower aimed directly at me is.

The good news is that it probably won't be unitary, just as the targeting today isn't unitary. But I'd like something better than that. And playing them against each other gets harder when the targeting becomes aware of that impact and they start compensating for that, because now they have the firepower to aim at me personally and do that sort of compensation.