MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by BillyTheMage | 2025-07-02 18:43:08+00:00
Maybe instead of just calling it propaganda and moving on, you could provide us with more info about your viewpoint? The rest of us will wait on you as we watch the 1930s happen a 2nd time. We're watching concentration camps pop up, people losing citizenship and being put in concentration camps for their ideology, bigotry on a steeper rise than I've witnessed in my whole life. It's now socially acceptable to corner someone in a bathroom and make them expose their genitals to prove their sex. Nobody is safe anymore because of these shit-flinging fascists. You can't say it's not happening, we're seeing it first-hand.
by skybrian | 2025-07-02 18:43:15+00:00
I like to think of a monad as a design pattern for constructing new objects where you pass in a sequence of callback functions, one at a time. A monad’s ‘bind’ operation adds another callback function to the end of a sequence.

The monad interface only requires ways to construct object using callbacks. The ‘bind’ operation takes a callback as an argument, but says nothing about when it’s actually called; it could be immediately, deferred, multiple times, or even never. It’s up to the implementation of the monad, as well as the language, if it’s a lazy language.

This is basically a framework. Like with other frameworks, the principle is “don’t call us; we’ll call you.” Arbitrary computation can happen between callbacks. The framework can do whatever control flow it wants, and this is what often makes frameworks opaque. Hiding control flow is what frameworks do, for better or worse.

So far, none of this is specific to a Monad. The Monad part comes from the type signature of the callback function passed in to flatmap(), which allows ‘bind’ operations to be nested.

Once you know what kind of thing you’re dealing with (frameworks) then you can go into why some frameworks qualify as a monad.
by gmueckl | 2025-07-02 18:43:21+00:00
This is a very one-sided perspective on things. Any precomputed solution to lighting comes with enormous drawbacks across the board. The game needs to ship the precomputed data when storage is usually already tight. The iteration cycle for artists and level designers suchs when lighting is precomputed - they almost never see accurate graphics for their work while they are iterating because rebaking takes time away from their work. Game design become restricted to those limitations, too. Can't even think of having the player randomly rearranging big things in a level (e.g. building or tearing down a house) because the engine can't do it. Who knows what clever game mechanics are never thought of because of these types of limitations?

Fully dynamic interactive environments are liberating. Pursuing them in is the right thing to do.
by tel | 2025-07-02 18:43:32+00:00
The more constrained your theory is, the fewer models you have of it and also the more structure you can exploit.

Monads, I think, offer enough structure in that we can exploit things like monad composition (as fraught as it is), monadic do/for syntax, and abstracting out "traversals" (over data structures most concretely, but also other sorts of traversals) with monadic accumulators.

There's at least one other practical advantage as well, that of "chunking".

A chess master is more capable of quickly memorizing realistic board states than an amateur (and equally good at memorizing randomized board states). When we have a grasp of relevant, powerful structures underlying our world, we can "chunk" along them to reason more quickly. People familiar with monads often can hand-wave a set of unknowns in a problem by recognizing it to be a monad-shaped problem that can be independently solved later.
by kgwgk | 2025-07-02 18:44:37+00:00
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.5673

> Decision making – When people are given a chance to play a particular gamble twice, if they think they won the first play, or alternatively if they think they lost the first play, then the majority chooses to play again on the second round. Given these preferences, they should also play the second round even if they don’t think about the outcome of the first round. Yet people do just the opposite in the latter case (Tversky & Shafir, 1992). This finding violates the law of total probability, yet it can be explained as a quantum interference effect

I wouldn't say that "it can be explained as a quantum interference effect" for any respectable definition of "explained" but your mileage may vary.

> The Contextual Nature of Concepts and their Combinations – When quantum entities become entangled, they form a new entity with properties different from either constituent, and one cannot manipulate one constituent without simultaneously affecting the other. The mathematics of entanglement has been used to model the nonmonotonic relations observed among concepts when they are combined to form a new concepts such as STONE LION

https://scispace.com/pdf/the-emergence-and-evolution-of-inte...

> Different possible ways of looking at this combination exist, and a positive answer to both questions ‘is STONE LION a LION’ and ‘is STONE LION a STONE’ make sense. Hence a better approach is to consider both as entities, and use Fock space for a two entity situation, and forgo the more simple model of considering one of them as a context.

Vanilla Quantum Models of Cognition and Decision are not enough. One really needs Quantum Field Theory Models of Cognition and Decision. "The genuine structure of quantum field theory is needed to match predictions with experimental data." https://arxiv.org/pdf/0705.1740
by nirava | 2025-07-02 18:45:36+00:00
I'm more and more baffled the more I go through this thread.

It is as easy as saying, "this game you're buying won't run after 2030"

Or publishing the bare minimum APIs you'd need to simulate to get the game to function. We have great people in the community that will make stuff work on their own, no instructions required.

Just don't go out of your way to destroy your game.
by bri3d | 2025-07-02 18:45:37+00:00
You're forgetting Unisoc/Spreadtrum and ZTE in 5G, and in 4G there are also a bunch of "lower-end" Chinese basebands that are heavily copied from / derivative of one another.

> Utterly unbelievable that no Western government has tackled that situation

Yes, I think it would behoove most countries to do what China, Taiwan, and Korea have all done: force Qualcomm into antitrust settlement where they have to give up parts of their patent portfolio.

> That this lack of competition disincentivizes all actors from making investments into code quality and security is obvious

With the above said, I don't agree with this take at all; in my experience almost all hardware has horrible firmware, drivers/BSP, and software no matter how competitive the market, and whether it's good or not is driven almost completely by company culture / standards and not by market forces. I don't think the market selects for code quality at all. Janky low-level code is culturally pervasive across the globe. Hardware is delivered on strict fixed timeline and invisible to the end-user, and there's a very strong emphasis on functional testing and validation. This means that nobody cares what duct tape and bailing wire hacks are necessary to get units out the door as long as they pass validation, ship on time, and function. So, a culture of corner-cutting hackery is passed down from generation to generation of embedded engineer.

The only places I don't see Bad Hardware Code happen are places where Software People are present and start imposing software culture on the Hardware People (Google, Apple, etc.), or companies making an intense, concentrated effort towards becoming more Software Company oriented (Nvidia). This tends to come at a major cost, too - yes, code gets better, but in exchange, everything starts taking forever (see: Apple baseband project).
by divbzero | 2025-07-02 18:45:40+00:00
The Encyclopædia Britannica has about 40,000,000 words [1] or about 0.25 GB if you assume 6 bytes per word. It’s impressive but not outlandish that an 8.1 GB file could encode a large swath of human information.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopædia_Britannica
by pkal | 2025-07-02 18:45:52+00:00
From automata theory, you might know that nondeterministic automata are represented by a set of states. Deterministic automata are always in a specific state, while nondeterministic ones are in multiple at once. Lists are used for non-determinism in Haskell the same way as a set, mainly because they are easier to implement. But the total order that a list induces over a set is not that relevant.
by ameliaquining | 2025-07-02 18:45:57+00:00
Why not apply this only to AAA games, if that's your objection? You could say that only companies with annual revenue over $100 million have to follow the rule.

(Usually I don't like regulations that blatantly favor small businesses like this, because they're coming from a misguided place. But in this case, the benefit of the regulation scales with the number of customers of a given firm, while the costs are fixed per firm, so applying it to large firms but not large ones won't much encourage fragmentation and could capture most of the benefits of applying it to everyone without most of the costs.)
by flohofwoe | 2025-07-02 18:46:06+00:00
Erm your description of MSAA isn't quite correct, it has nothing to do with vertices and doesn't increase vertex processing cost..

It's more similar to supersampling, but without the higher pixel shader cost (the pixel shader still only runs once per "display pixel", not once per "sample" like in supersampling).

A pixel shader's output is written to multiple (typically 2, 4 or 8) samples, with a coverage mask deciding which samples are written (this coverage mask is all 1s inside a triangle and a combo of 1s and 0s along triangle edges). After rendering to the MSAA render target is complete, an MSAA resolve operation is performed which merges samples into pixels (and this gives you the smoothed triangle edges).
by dsign | 2025-07-02 18:46:52+00:00
I see where you are coming from, but this is Amazon, a juggernaut which is impossible to render accountable. So, OP is effectively filling their shed space with things which are useless to them and whose monetary value they won't realize. They are also tainting their soul. But by posting fake reviews, they erode trust on Amazon and cause it (some) financial harm. OP is, thus, doing a public service at some personal expense.

I often buy products from Amazon based on how fast they can deliver, with the soonest being approximately five days where I live. They routinely advertise one delivery time and deliver three or four days later, which essentially is false advertising and harmful to local businesses who could easily compete on delivery time. And this is Amazon fulfillment.
Why TypeScript Is the Future of Development in 2025 – A Deep Dive
by devtechinsights | 2025-07-02 18:46:59+00:00
In 2025, TypeScript has firmly established itself as the go-to language for both frontend and backend developers. Its ability to combine JavaScript’s flexibility with static typing offers an unmatched developer experience and code quality, making it essential for modern development.

Why Are Developers Choosing TypeScript? Static Typing Means Fewer Runtime Errors TypeScript catches bugs during compile time, preventing many common JavaScript pitfalls. This shift from runtime to compile-time error detection drastically improves app stability and reduces debugging time.

Superior Tooling and IDE Support Thanks to tight integration with editors like VS Code, TypeScript offers features like autocompletion, inline documentation, and easy refactoring — all contributing to increased productivity.

Full-Stack Consistency With platforms like Deno and frameworks like Next.js supporting TypeScript out-of-the-box, teams can write consistent code across frontend and backend, simplifying maintenance and collaboration.

Large-Scale Project Friendly TypeScript’s type system scales well for large codebases and teams, enabling better API contracts and clearer interfaces. This makes onboarding and teamwork smoother.

Ecosystem and Community The TypeScript ecosystem has grown significantly, with nearly every popular JS library having official or community-maintained type definitions. The community actively contributes to improving tools and sharing best practices.

Getting Started with TypeScript Add TypeScript incrementally to existing JavaScript projects

Use strict mode for stronger type checks

Leverage DefinitelyTyped for typings of third-party libraries

Final Thoughts If you haven’t embraced TypeScript yet, 2025 is the year to start. It provides the reliability, scalability, and developer experience modern projects demand. Its rise is no fad — it’s a fundamental evolution in how we write JavaScript.

For a deeper guide and practical tips, visit: https://devtechinsights.com/why-typescript-is-taking-over-development-in-2025
Ask HN: Biggest pain points of training AI models?
by imworking001 | 2025-07-02 18:47:02+00:00
Hi everyone!

After reading a bunch of research papers and doing a bit of fine-tuning myself, I have come to the conclusion that the biggest pain point of the whole process is getting the right data - removing noise, ensure diversity and distribution, having the right volume of data, ...

Would you agree? What is it for you?

Initially I thought it would be the designing/programming part, but I feel like this is solved by the amount of public research and being able to prompt Claude to just give you a prototype and work from there.

I wonder how long will it take until it will be fairly easy to train your own foundational SML given you have the hardware and patience.
by missedthecue | 2025-07-02 18:47:20+00:00
What does that tell us? One person could be unhappy because their boss verbally abuses them every day in team meetings. Another person could be unhappy because their decent and fairly paid job prevents them from playing video games. Finland is once again ranked #1 on the World Happiness Index as the happiest country in the world, yet has a suicide rate much higher than the global rate.

I think the bottom line is that there is no one figure that informs us about all questions. But certain figures have strong correlations. People rag here almost daily about how GDP/Capita is a poor measure of x, y, or z, yet cannot name a low gdp/capita country they'd prefer to have been born in. Because GDP/Capita correlates very precisely with higher standards of living.
by apirone | 2025-07-02 18:47:28+00:00
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by diggan | 2025-07-02 18:47:44+00:00
> Regulations and extremely high fines for breaking those regulation

So say Musk gets convicted of "egotistic behavior", however that works, and he's hit with an extremely high fine. How is he supposed to be able to pay that fine without having to "offload a crazy amount of assets, including stocks", which according to you would be the problem?

Seems while the approaches are different, you'd still be in the same boat as if it was just taxed from the beginning, except you don't involve the judicial.
Claude Code uninstalls itself if unsubscribed
by dinvlad | 2025-07-02 18:47:47+00:00
After a month of waiting, I got partial refund for Claude Code and then.. it uninstalled itself.

(Claude icon disappeared from Cursor too)

Creepy stuff, never seen this happen with any other subscription before.

Joke on them though – I still used more credits than I paid for :-)
by wk_end | 2025-07-02 18:48:37+00:00
When you bind with (the Haskell definition for) the List monad - `someList >>= \someElement -> ...` it's like you're saying "this is a forking point - run the rest of the computation for each of the possible values of someElement as taken from someList". And because Haskell is lazy, it's (pardon the informality here) not necessarily just going to pick the first option and then glom onto it if it, say, were to cause an infinite loop if the computation were eagerly evaluated; it'll give you all the possibilities, and as long as you're careful not to force ones that shouldn't be forced, you won't run into any problems. Nondeterminism!

A nice demonstration of this is writing a very simple regex matcher with the List monad. A naive implementation in Haskell with the List monad Just Works, because it's effectively a direct translation of Nondeterministic Finite Automata into code.
by nirava | 2025-07-02 18:48:49+00:00
When I buy the game, tell me, "this won't exist after 2030". Done!

Or allow the community to build and host reverse engineered servers after your game is dead. Don't go out of your way to sue and destroy community efforts.

You realize that APIs can be reverse-engineered and new clean-room servers created? It has been done for a bunch of old games.
by not-a-cat | 2025-07-02 18:48:55+00:00
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We are a small, independent research group working on fundamental AI research.

Since around 2008, I always believed that AI research will be the most impactful technology to work on, both from an intellectual curiosity and technological capability perspective. After a few failed attempts to get into ML/AI research, I decided to apply it to quant finance, and then start an AI research lab from it.

This is how Tufalabs was funded about a year ago. We started working on ARC (https://arcprize.org/arc-agi), and since o3 we focus on LLM-based reasoning, self-improving loops and scaling trends. You can see some of our research there: https://tufalabs.ai/blog/_site/

We do not have too many spots left, but I want to make sure we don't miss-out on people who would be great fits. We look for obsessive people who share the same research interests. To apply, email me at not_a_cat at fastmail com.
by fuzzy2 | 2025-07-02 18:49:28+00:00
The so-called "lower levels" inherit role permissions (or role assignments, if you will), which is something else entirely. Furthermore I'd say this is both expected and necessary to effectively administer permissions in organizations. Assigning permissions (via roles or otherwise) on every single object is not feasible. Inheritance is required. It works similarly to NTFS ACLs.

What I wrote is, in fact, accurate. An identity cannot inherit a role. It is simply impossible. What would it inherit from? The identity does not actually exist where it appears in the control plane (ie. in a resource group). It exists in Entra ID (formerly Azure AD).

There is but one possibility for a newly created identity to actually have roles assignments: Automation via policy. Now that I think about it, there might be another: assigning roles to special groups like "Authenticated users".
by skeeter2020 | 2025-07-02 18:49:34+00:00
I feel this is a symptom of poor meetings, where they are used for information exchange (which I think should come before the meeting) instead of collaboration and problem solving. You could save your time and a bunch of AI-generated notes you'll never read with the simple rule of "no agenda, no attenda". Remote has allowed us to adopt meeting policies that would never exist in-person: giant, long, back-to-back sessions with no purpose, plan or opportunity to pee.
by riedel | 2025-07-02 18:49:47+00:00
I am a white German with no migration background and i believe it is not all that beautiful here and I have been checked on various places. The reason is, that it really also depends where you are, because police has the right to check IDs e.g. in places where migration crimes are more likely like railway stations or in a buffet zone close to the border. In other places law requires far more actual reasons or a far more concrete suspicion. But I have also been checked in the middle of the night on a flixbus that got pulled out from the highway at the border between Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg, which IMHO clearly violated German police law.
by Jtsummers | 2025-07-02 18:49:50+00:00
Only if you knew by virtue of something like access to secret information (the things you'd have a security clearance to access).

If you see the police are gathered around your local 7-Eleven, you're absolutely free to post it.

If you know in advance that the police are going to be performing a raid on a meth house and you got that information by virtue of a security clearance (I assume they do have something of this sort like federal employees have, though I'm not sure the precise mechanisms) then you'd be violating the policies around that access. This could be illegal (just like a fed leaking secret or top secret information).

If you know in advance because the police have loose lips, but you are not personally under any kind of confidentiality policy, you're free to post it. So the loose lipped cops at the bars I used to frequent could have caused real problems for themselves.
by 0dKD | 2025-07-02 18:49:50+00:00
this is interesting stuff, and an art. like whats a journalists job, if you can tie your product to an "ongoing topic", thats a benefit, that helps them. Like as an answer to something someone already has written that week. lets say someone writes about "kids having too much screentime" and you can write a follow up being: no its actually fine, at least with this app.

but yeah, its a fine line, cant be too salesy, and you should have something real to contribute with
by rickdeckard | 2025-07-02 18:50:31+00:00
I understand the rant, but disagree on the black/white framing of the topic.

A company like Netflix may have its own experience and expectation on UX for the service it offers, and it might be equally valid for them to want a consistent UX across all its devices carrying Netflix as it is for Apple to want it across all of Apples devices.

But here Apple attempts to define the UX for its devices AND the services offered there. This might be useful and even helpful for the ecosystem when the guidelines are reasonable and supportive of the ecosystem.

But when Apple suddenly defines "everything should be frosted glass!" and their design language no longer intends to "get out of the way" but "emphasize Apple above all", it becomes branding, creating a collision of interests...
by diggan | 2025-07-02 18:50:53+00:00
> Taxes aren't charity

That's a matter of perspective, isn't it? :)

> No, it's not "can help"

I could employ similar tax-avoidance schemes as other rich people regularly do, but chose not to. I could live outside the country for 51% of the year and also avoid taxes that way, but also chose not to.

Ultimately, you do have a choice on how to approach things, and how you see them. You see them as "The nanny-state is taking what's rightfully yours" then yeah, that's the perspective you have, but it's not a ground-truth and it isn't the only perspective.
by DrSiemer | 2025-07-02 18:51:45+00:00
An expiration date could be hard to estimate, but a minimum level of support based on sales might be worth thinking about.

As I understand it, that's not the main focus of this initiative though. It's mostly about opening up dead games for stuff like private servers, so we are not forced to lose access to all the art within when the developer pulls the plug.

It seems like a relatively small ask to at least _allow_ hardcore fans to keep something alive. I can imagine publishers that have a great connection with their community (like Coffeestain) actually benefitting from handling stuff like this in a decent way.