MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by agurk | 2025-07-24 07:46:56+00:00
If it takes energy to compress the air in the cylinder - doesn't it also release most of that energy when that compressed air is expanded on the subsequent stroke?

If you release the compressed air without pushing the cylinder down you would lose that energy, but you would need a extra device to do so (by lifting a valve at the right time). This option does exist for large vehicles like trucks as a compression release engine brake [0], but this isn't something you'd have on a family car.

In a petrol engine you always want the same ratio of petrol to air in the mix that is taken into a cylinder. As you want to vary the amount of fuel, and therefore power developed, you have to be able to therefore limit the amount of air that is sucked in. Otherwise the engine would always run at full power.

There is a mechanical restrictor called a throttle plate that lives inside the throttle body that restricts how much air the cylinder can pull in (and therefore how much fuel is injected to get the same fuel/air mix). This is controlled by the throttle. When you are coasting, this plate is in its most closed position. This creates significant resistance on the intake stroke, and is where the majority of energy is lost during engine braking. This is also known as a pumping loss.

Diesels always intake the same amount of air, so they can compress it enough to autoignite the fuel. They vary the amount of fuel injected to the same volume of air. This means no throttle body or plate, so unless an extra exhaust restrictor has been added there is minimal engine braking on a diesel engine.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compression_release_engine_bra...
by sReinwald | 2025-07-24 07:47:26+00:00
This is a deeply concerning development, though not an entirely surprising one. While I sympathize with itch.io's position - being caught between their creators and their payment processors - the broader implications here are alarming.

Payment processors have effectively become unelected censorship boards with the power to strangle entire categories of legal content by threatening to cut off the economic infrastructure that platforms depend on. The fact that a single advocacy campaign can pressure Visa/Mastercard/PayPal into forcing platforms to remove legal adult content should concern anyone who values free expression online.

The fundamental issue isn't whether you personally approve of adult games or specific content - it's that a handful of payment companies now wield veto power over what legal content can exist in the digital economy. This represents a massive concentration of censorial authority in the hands of unaccountable corporate entities that face no meaningful democratic oversight.

We've seen this pattern repeatedly: PayPal blocking VPN providers over "piracy concerns," Visa suspending payments to adult sites, and now this coordinated pressure campaign. Each time, legal content gets effectively banned not through legislation or courts, but through corporate policy decisions made behind closed doors.

By inserting themselves as moral arbiters for the digital economy and free expression on the internet, these processors are creating a very strong case for being designated as common carriers or being subjected to much stricter public utility regulation. When payment infrastructure becomes as essential as electricity or telephone service for participating in the digital economy, treating these companies as neutral utilities rather than editorial boards becomes not just reasonable but necessary.
by elcritch | 2025-07-24 07:48:02+00:00
Used them before and they're ok. They were missing some important features like sum types. The code output was a pain, but targeted a few languages. My suspicion is that Captain Proto would be technically superior but less documented than flatbuffers.

However, my preference is to use something like MsgPack or CBOR with compile time reflection to do serde directly into types. You can design the types to require minimal allocations and to parse messages within a few dozen nanoseconds. That means doing things like using static char arrays for strings. It wastes a bit of space but it can be very fast. Also skipping out on spaced used by 64bit pointers can replace a lot of shorter text fields.

That said, I should wrap or port this UPB to Nim. It'd be a nice alternative if it's really as fast as claimed. Though how it handles allocating would be the clincher.
by Propelloni | 2025-07-24 07:48:39+00:00
I use Firefox with standard security options and the uBlock Origin Add-On on my Android phone and I virtually never see what you describe, bar the tracking consent nag screen ofc. Maybe we visit vastly different web content?

I guess if my experience was as much degraded as yours I wouldn't bother with the web anymore, so yay for AI summarizers, at least for the time being. And don't get me wrong, a summarizer is a workaround, not a solution.
by AnthonyMouse | 2025-07-24 07:49:45+00:00
> No one kills people for not paying taxes. Your example is dramatic and detached from reality.

What do you think actually happens in the US if you refuse to pay taxes to such an extent that they come to arrest you for it, and then when they do you put up a fight? See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waco_siege
by xwolfi | 2025-07-24 07:50:41+00:00
Well yeah you have to look at the entire training duration for your brain. It did take a while to be as perfect as you seem to be, several billion years, and I'm sure you make mistakes sometimes and hallucinate stupid ideas.

And don't run too long on a couple bananas, the brain is not just there to infer, it also needs to manage its autonomous transport system which requires much more energy itself.
by bobthepanda | 2025-07-24 07:50:56+00:00
After a couple train crashes the FRA mandated PTC signalling everywhere, and in a world in which trains come to an automatic stop unless explicitly authorized to operate in the next segment, the old buff strength rules are not as important.

Also, the old buff strength rules were not great at keeping people alive. 25 people died in the Chatsworth train collision that led to the PTC mandate, which compares poorly to a similar crash between two trains in Germany which killed 12. There is a reason why buff strength has not been the criteria for automobiles for decades.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Chatsworth_train_collisio...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Aibling_rail_accident
by paraskevop | 2025-07-24 07:51:03+00:00
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by bayindirh | 2025-07-24 07:51:52+00:00
I have driven BTRFS for test in the past.

It's too metadata heavy, and is really shines on high IOPS SSDs, it's a no go for spinning drives, esp. if they're external.

RAID5/6 is not still production ready [0], and having a non production ready feature not gated behind a "I know what I'm doing" switch is dangerous. I believe BTRFS' customers are not small fish, but enterprises which protect their data in other ways.

So, I think unraid does the right thing by not doubling down on something half-baked. ZFS is battle tested at this point.

I'm personally building a small NAS for myself and researching the software stack to use. I can't trust BTRFS with my data, esp. in RAID5/6 form, which I'm planning to do.

[0]: https://btrfs.readthedocs.io/en/latest/btrfs-man5.html#raid5...
by mschuster91 | 2025-07-24 07:51:59+00:00
Applying moderation and reacting to legitimate complaints in time would have prevented pressure from building up so massively that payment networks or politicians even have a leg to stand on.

It's one thing to have occasional issues with stuff slipping through the cracks, that happens. But it's a completely different thing to just not do anything for years. In the case of Steam, let's just take the recent Nazi scandal [1] - reports of users using blatant Nazi imagery and vocabulary date back almost a decade [2] and that's the oldest thing I could find in a minute of Googling, I 'member this being a thing even years before Trump's first presidency but honestly I can't be bothered to search for more old Nazi shit at 9 o'clock in the morning.

Had Steam done something about the Nazis back in 2017, I guarantee you that 2024 Bloomberg piece wouldn't ever have come into existence. That's seven years in which Steam did nothing to combat users using swastikas - stuff that could trivially be caught using machine learning, even back in the time.

[1] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-11-14/white-sup...

[2] https://forum.gamespodcast.de/viewtopic.php?t=2478
by crdrost | 2025-07-24 07:53:10+00:00
I feel like the other comments I see here, are not expressing the deeper point, and you're asking to really understand something, so that's what you care about? So I'm sorry to pile on when you've got like a dozen good answers, but.

Let It Crash refers to a sort of middle ground between returning an error code and throwing an exception. It does not directly address your customer's need, and you are right that they are facing a bug.

So if you were to use Golang with Let It Crash ethos, say, you would write a lot of functions with the same template: they take an ID and a channel, they defer a call to recover from panics, and on panic or success they send a {pid int, success bool, error interface {}} to the channel -- and these are always ever run as goroutines.

Because this is how you write everything, you have some goroutines that supervise other goroutines. For example, auto-restart this other goroutine, with exponential backoff. But also the default is to panic every error rather than endless "if err != nil return nil, err" statements. You trust that you are always in the middle of such a supervisor tree and someone has already thought about what to do to handle uncaught errors. Because supervision trees is just the style of program that you write. Say you lose your connection to the database, it goes down for maintenance or something. Well the connection pool for the database was a separate go routine thread in your application, that thread is now in CrashLoopBackoff. But your application doesn't crash. Say it powers an HTTP server, while the database is down, it responds to any requests that do not use the database just fine, and returns HTTP 500 on all the requests that do use the database. Why? Because your HTTP library, allocates a new goroutine for every request it handles, and when those panic it by default doesn't retry and closes the connection with HTTP 500. Similarly for your broken codepath, it 500s the particular requests that x.(X) something that can't be asserted as an X, we log the error, but all other requests are peachy keen, we didn't panic the whole server.

Now that is different from the first thing that your parent commenter said to you, which is that the default idiom is to do something like this:

type Message { MessageType string Args interface{} Caller chan<- Message } // ... msg := <-myMailbox switclMessageType { case "allocate": toAllocate := args.(int) if allocated[toAllocate msg.Caller <- Message{"fail", fmt.Errorf(...), my mailbox} } else { // Save this somewhere, then msg.Caller <- Message{"ok", , my mailbox} } }

With a bit of discipline, this emulates Haskell algebraic data types which can give you a sort of runtime guarantee that bad code looks bad (imagine switching on an enum `case TypeFoo`: foo := arg.(Foo)`, if you put something wrong in there it is very easy to spot during code review because it's a very formulaic format)

So the idea is that your type assertions don't crash the program, and they are usually correct because you send everything like a sum type.
by pjmlp | 2025-07-24 07:53:49+00:00
There is no such thing as non-OO Python, the language is like Smalltalk, everything is an object, even plain numeric values.

This wasn't true with original Python, however since new style classes became the default type system, everything is indeed an object.

So for the anti-OOP folks out there using languages like Python as an example,

Python 3.13.0 (tags/v3.13.0:60403a5, Oct 7 2024, 09:38:07) [MSC v.1941 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> x = 23 >>> type(x) <class 'int'> >>> dir(x) ['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__bool__', '__ceil__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floor__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__getstate__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__index__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__le__', '__lshift__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__round__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'as_integer_ratio', 'bit_count', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'from_bytes', 'imag', 'is_integer', 'numerator', 'real', 'to_bytes'] >>>
by Asmod4n | 2025-07-24 07:54:29+00:00
Nissan hat the e-POWER system where a petrol engine is just used to recharge the battery of your electric car and nothing else. In theory they could run that petrol engine at the sweet spot where it produces the least amount of carbon emissions.

i believe there is also a chinese company which is making such a car, their cars have nearly 1000 miles range.
by weinzierl | 2025-07-24 07:54:51+00:00
What you describe is subtly different from what is in the article.

The article is about Google (and other traditional search engines) snatching away clicks from web site owners. What you describe is AI tools (for lack of a better word[1]) snatching away traffic from the ruling gatekeepers of the web.

I think the latter is a much bigger shift and might well be the end of Google.

By extension it will be the end of SEO as we know it. A lot of discussion currently (especially on HN) is about how to keep the bad crawlers out and in general hide from the oh so bad AI guys. That is not unlike the early days of search engines.

I predict we will soon see a phase where this switches by 180° and everyone will see a fight to be the first one to be accessed to get an opportunity to gaslight the agent into their view of the world. A new three letter acronym will be coined, like AIO or something and we will see a shift from textual content to assets the AI tools can only link to.

Maybe this has already happened to some degree.

[1] Where would I put the boundary? Is Kagi the former or the latter? I'd say if a tool does a non-predetermined number of independent activities (like searches) on its own and only stops if some criteria are fulfilled it is clearly in the latter category.
by StackRanker3000 | 2025-07-24 07:55:13+00:00
Contradicting someone describing their own experience based on assumptions and generalizations that may or may not have a basis in reality is pretty arrogant. How are you so confident that you can presume to tell that person what’s going on in their mind?

More generally speaking though, I do agree that comments probably tend to give people more of a dopamine hit than the content itself, especially if it’s long-form. However comments on HN often are quite substantial and of high quality, at least relatively speaking, and the earlier point about reading the articles often being a poor experience has a lot of merit as well. Why can’t it be a combination of all of the above (to various degrees depending on the individual, etc)?
by p0w3n3d | 2025-07-24 07:55:24+00:00
AFAIK this is about engine efficiency. ICEs have highest momentum and efficiency sweet spot somewhere in the middle of available revs, which depends on the engine construction and was being altered by different mechanisms (like turbocharging and variable valve timing) but since the electric engine (I'm speaking of Toyota solution) is able to keep the ICE in the sweet spot with its eCVT, the engine can be simplified and even work on different combustion cycle (Atkinson's cycle)
by orwin | 2025-07-24 07:56:44+00:00
The new code Hayes is exported to the world already, games are just another medium caught.

To be clear: i do think part of the complaint from the collective should be heard (CSAM have no place anywhere, and rape roleplaying should stay in bedrooms), but including incest or any non-violent fetish in the complaint seems weird and seems equating it to rape and child abuse, which it is not (it's a disturbing fetish to me, but _a lot_ of fetishes are disturbing to me, and i don't think anybody should ban them). My issue with it is that it is again a show of force by payment processors and i heavily dislike it.
by londons_explore | 2025-07-24 07:57:19+00:00
> What slice of my mortality pie was radon before and after spending $5000? Could I spend $5000 to cut a bigger slice out of it in another way, like eating better or hiring a grizzly bear to make me exercise more often?

I wish more people thought like this. Every time I go to the GP I want to get a printout of my mortality pie based on everything they know about me.
by masklinn | 2025-07-24 07:57:49+00:00
Afaik that’s pure series hybrid and that’s almost non-existent in cars (outside of range extenders, not that there are that many of those).

There are a handful but most hybrids are either parallel or series-parallel. I assume because the power range is so low that the conversion losses are way too noticeable compared to a mechanical drivetrain.
by Krutonium | 2025-07-24 07:58:32+00:00
For those of you in the US (I'm Canadian), there is a bill in congress right now that would make it illegal for any financial service provider to directly or indirectly prohibit or inhibit any legal transaction. It's called the Fair Access to Banking Act, H.R.987 in the House, S.401 in the Senate. Call your representatives. Get it passed.

Edit: Oh yeah and feel free to copy, paste, share this around, make people AWARE of this, because nobody is! Of course, change if you're not Canadian, but like... Make it happen.
by enaaem | 2025-07-24 07:58:56+00:00
In Asia rail companies are also real estate investors. They invest in property around the stations and capture a lot more of the value that a rail line brings to the neighbourhood. I believe America had a similar thing with rail towns.

Where I am from in Europe, the rise in property value thanks to rail lines is captured by lucky property owners. That is why as a free market guy I support subsidising rail and other public transport with taxes, if we don't have the Asian system.
by happymellon | 2025-07-24 08:00:21+00:00
> Personally I think KDE is the pinnacle of Linux desktops.

Whereas I feel like KDE has an interface cloned from Windows, which is a traumatic experience.

I like Gnome. And I like that they didn't do a dock.

I don't need a list of all my running apps in icon form, which makes the KDE bar redundant.
by Numerlor | 2025-07-24 08:00:54+00:00
> Applying moderation and reacting to legitimate complaints in time would have prevented pressure from building up so massively that payment networks or politicians even have a leg to stand on.

How would moderation help when the games that are being removed from the platforms are perfectly legal, and in compliance with the terms the platforms out on the creators?

The only problem with the games is that a highly influential group of people views them as immoral, and use them as a stepping stone towards achieving their broader goal of censoring all adult content.

The nazi thing may have brought a little bit more attention to Steam but I really can't imagine it was a big decisive factor instead of Steam's allowing of porn games and displaying them on the best selling lists with the adult options enabled
by herdandcurdle | 2025-07-24 08:00:55+00:00
TL;DR: Whisper occasionally hallucinates and credits “Nicolai Winther” at the ends of Norwegian transcriptions during silent audio segments, likely because the real Nicolai Winther - a former YouTuber who created subtitles—appears frequently in its (likely YouTube‑based) training data. This highlights how limited Norwegian training (only ~266 hours) can cause the model to overfit on specific names and phrases when uncertain.
by leovingi | 2025-07-24 08:01:07+00:00
Collective Shout is just the front and their purpose is to take the heat for this.

There is no chance in hell an organization like that wields anything close to the power required to force these kind of decisions.

Either it is the payment processors or the regulators, or a combination of both, or some other kind of group behind the scenes. Personally I don't know what the true answer is, but it's clearly not some activist organization.
by dguest | 2025-07-24 08:02:15+00:00
For about 6 months I tried to order a Jack Rose [1]. Only one bartender knew what it was (lime, applejack, and grenadine). And no it's not on this list.

How can I excuse such a pretentious mission? Well someone told me that "The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks" [2] was The Cocktail Bible and a Jack Rose was the thing I'd never heard of. Turns out no one else has either, at least since Hemingway was drinking them in Paris in the 1920s. Funny how things change in 100 years.

But it's actually pretty good: applejack pretty much died out in the US with the prohibition and cheaper liquors, but if you can find cider or calvados it's worth a shot.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Rose_(cocktail)

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fine_Art_of_Mixing_Drinks
by rightbyte | 2025-07-24 08:02:17+00:00
I see it as capitalism eating itself. When some field is rather streamlined and mature and optimized cutting corners is where to increase profits.

An analogy would be brands profiting from their good brand image. I.e. they decrease quality to change brand loyalty into dollars.

"The issue I see with the whole regulation debate is a complete lack of context from politicians and decision-makers. Perhaps it is by design?"

Go attend some party meetings if you want the context. Usually the reasoning is clear. I don't know why people expect politicians to be able to reach out to them unilaterally. The participation rate in politics is too low nowadays for gossip to spread.
by omcnoe | 2025-07-24 08:02:34+00:00
Estonia is specifically known as one of the easiest EU countries to incorporate in. And I'll note that Estonian e-resident ID requires collecting physical card from inside Estonia or a local Estonian embassy.

Europe isn't just Germany, but the process is nearly as bad in France and Italy too, and together that's over 50% of EU GDP suffering from intense domestic corporate bureaucracy.
by Toutouxc | 2025-07-24 08:03:36+00:00
My cheap EV gets 200+ km of range (124 mi) from 20 minutes of charging. Again, why the hell are you talking about two hours. Why are you saying that 20 minutes gets you "home". Why are you talking about charging from 0 to 100 % when that's NOT how you charge an EV, ever. Sounds like you've never driven one.