MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by scblock | 2025-07-16 18:20:29+00:00
The ROMs should not be included but they almost all do it. The main exceptions are some of the pricier android-based handhelds. They market with things like "X,000 games" rather than on the capability to emulate.

If an end user receives one of these handheld machines and loads it up themselves then the choice of sourcing ROMs is entirely on them. They could use their own SNES cart rips and Playstation disk images and it would conceptually be no different than loading MP3s from CDs onto an iPod. Or they could make the conscious choice to pirate. And that I have no problem with. We have agency and can make our own choices.

But it's pretty sketchy to be selling ROMs for money. And you'll find them baked into the system images published by the vendors (which is why some firmware updates are 50+ GiB, ridiculous). I think it's a bad practice but doesn't seem to be changing.
by dylan604 | 2025-07-16 18:20:46+00:00
"Since 2023, Grindavík has faced repeated eruptions from Sundhnúkur, forcing residents to confront the reality of living atop an active volcanic zone. The town has remained mostly deserted since signs of an impending fissure eruption prompted an evacuation order in November 2023. <snip> By now, almost all residents have sold their houses to the state and left town."

That's some dedication to safety. There are so many places where major cities are right next to volcanoes that are known to have caused so much damage and act like it is nothing. Napoli comes to mind.
by 827a | 2025-07-16 18:21:42+00:00
Yeah, schools being out explains the major drop in ChromeOS devices; check out Radar's 12 month view and how ChromeOS data looked August/September 2024.

But if it significantly explained the rise in other percentages, we'd see all the other shares go up. However, Windows and MacOS are flat; 64% and 30%, respectively, last and this month.

Only Linux went up; so its likely there's some genuine linux desktop adoption going on. But the rise in Linux marketshare is pretty steep; two months ago Radar measured it at 2.6%, now its 4.4%.

It could be legit. There's been a significant uptick in tech Youtubers pushing linux content (LTT and Jayz have both done recent videos on it), including the Lenovo Legion Linux vs Windows perf comparisons which found Linux to be faster, Lex Fridman just interviewed DHH and they spoke at length about linux setups (~1M viewers on that likely), and the pushback against Apple in the tech circles is reaching a fever pitch.
by orsorna | 2025-07-16 18:21:50+00:00
This really isn't dissimilar to any work I've seen in a professional setting, minus the screenshot docs. I agree those are bad. Everything useful is in the README.

`uv` is great but `pipenv` is a perfectly well-tested Python dependency manager (albeit slow). Down in the instructions it explicitly asks you to use `pipenv` to manage* dependencies. I also do not think your assertion of "what is a Pipfile in any context" is fair, as I don't think I've ever seen a project list a dependency manager and then explicitly call out artifacts that the dependency manager may require to function.
by JdeBP | 2025-07-16 18:21:52+00:00
It is. If latency were important, one could always aggregate across a LAN with forwarding caching proxies pointing to a single resolving caching proxy, and gain economies of scale by exactly the same mechanisms. But latency is largely a wood-for-the-trees thing.

In terms of my everyday usage, for the past couple of decades, cache miss delays are largely lost in the noise of stupidly huge WWW pages, artificial service greylisting delays, CAPTCHA delays, and so forth.

Especially as the first step in any full cache miss, a back-end query to the root content DNS server, is also just a round-trip over the loopback interface. Indeed, as is also the second step sometimes now, since some TLDs also let one mirror their data. Thank you, Estonia. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44318136

And the gains in other areas are significant. Remember that privacy and security are also things that people want.

Then there's the fact that things like Quad9's/Google's/CloudFlare's anycasting surprisingly often results in hitting multiple independent servers for successive lookups, not yielding the cache gains that a superficial understanding would lead one to expect.

Just for fun, I did Bender's test at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44534938 a couple of days ago, in a loop. I received reset-to-maximum TTLs from multiple successive cache misses, on queries spaced merely 10 seconds apart, from all three of Quad9, Google Public DNS, and CloudFlare 1.1.1.1. With some maths, I could probably make a good estimate as to how many separate anycast caches on those services are answering me from scratch, and not actually providing the cache hits that one would naïvely think would happen.

I added 127.0.0.1 to Bender's list, of course. That had 1 cache miss at the beginning and then hit the cache every single time, just counting down the TTL by 10 seconds each iteration of the loop; although it did decide that 42 days was unreasonably long, and reduced it to a week. (-:
by bigbadfeline | 2025-07-16 18:22:00+00:00
I's so sorry for you, but you're an atypical case. The number of kids living with their parents have been increasing for the last decade or two, and it's the kids who complain that they can't get their beloved independence.

I don't think xhkkffbf understands the problem well enough but gaslighting him with tearful stories isn't the proper approach here.

On the topic - businesses don't like to compete but they like to have people compete for their jobs. Immigration is just one of the ways to skew the labor market in that direction. Monopolization is another - and growing rapidly.

Remote work is yet another skew factor, without a systemic overhaul, less visas will result in more remote work offshore.

xhkkffbf > Moreover, many of the nativeborn don't have the same opportunities overseas. Many other countries are locked up very tightly.

A heartbreaking talking point but actually irrelevant, foreign regulations play a minuscule role here - the difference in standards of living and local prices make it impossible for Americans to earn enough abroad, remotely or not. Again, it's a systemic issue, entirely local to the US.
by Bender | 2025-07-16 18:22:11+00:00
Maybe. I remember hearing conflicting information on this. Also the cameras were dead 2nd successful attempt. I recall he had the lower bed and the cop had the upper one but then was removed at some point. I think we are all being gas-lit and/or their goal is to make us argue about stuff. I would not be at all surprised if Epstein is still alive and a commenter here on HN. I'm still curious what the many tons of concrete in the water outside of one of his properties was covering up. A CT scan may be revealing.
by JohnMakin | 2025-07-16 18:22:15+00:00
What basic context is being ignored? Here's how the thread has gone:

"chatGPT has the fastest growing userbase in history which shows users really like the output!"

This unsourced (and wrong) claim was offered in rebuttal to another post saying people don't like the output of LLM's. This rebuttal offers DAU/MAU as a metric of how much people like the app, I presume, and thus the output of the app. Besides that being a wild jump on its own, it's incorrect. As I pointed out - threads almost immediately beat that DAU/MAU record, and I'd offer a claim it hasn't exactly been a tremendous success either in popularity or monetarily. Pointing out that they got that DAU/MAU by registering their own users to it is precisely the point that is being made - this metric is a meaningless gauge of how popular an app is, and especially when viewed from the context of this argument, which is whether the popularity of the app (as it relates to DAU/MAU growth) also suggests people love consuming the output of it.

No offense, but are you sure you're following this conversation?
by lenerdenator | 2025-07-16 18:22:30+00:00
> On top of it, this (LLMs) is not AI, not even close, if anything they are glorified prediction systems that require human prompting.

puts in retainer; pushes glasses back up bridge of nose

Technically schpeaking, what you're talking about is the difference between weak AI and strong AI/artificial general intelligence (AGI). AGI is the kind of AI that has reached human levels of consciousness. We're not there yet. Personally, I hope we don't get there, but I'm not the one in charge, so shrug.

You can do a lot with glorified prediction systems that require human prompting. Actually, they are arguably more valuable than AGI because you can more easily communicate and utilize their value proposition. People don't need a machine that wonders the same stuff they do; they need something that does a specific task in lieu of their own effort.
by andoando | 2025-07-16 18:23:01+00:00
I guess I would not have done much better.

>Original Text: Fog up the river, where it flows among green aits and meadows; fog down the river, where it rolls defiled among the tiers of shipping, and the waterside pollutions of a great (and dirty) city.

>Facilitator: >O.K.

>Subject: >There’s just fog everywhere.

What deep insight is there to say about this sentence and this sentence alone? Reading the paper it seems like they want you to comment on how the fog is not just literal fog but a metaphor for the dirt and confusion in the city, but reading it sentence to sentence like this, what much is there to say about it?
by nickdrozd | 2025-07-16 18:23:58+00:00
> The most insane python feature is that for loops keep their intermediate variable.

"Insane feature" is a generous way of describing this behavior. I would say it is just a stupid bug that has managed to persist. Probably it is impossible to fix now because of https://xkcd.com/1172/

How typecheckers and linters should deal with this is a tricky question. There is how the language ought to work, and then there is how the language actually does in fact work, and unfortunately they are not the same.
by catlikesshrimp | 2025-07-16 18:24:28+00:00
Kind of a Robin Hood situation: Hero for some, criminal to the others.

The article might be a collage of several other articles, and they didn't check for consistency.

I would love some other term for the aligned side people in cyberwarfare, sort of "cybersoldier" or "networkmilitia", not already somehow cliched in some film. "Cyberactivists" sounds like online protesters (in facebook and such)
Show HN: Panda.chat – A ChatGPT alternative designed to protect your privacy
by wwwee98 | 2025-07-16 18:24:39+00:00
Good morning, HN folks!

I'd like to introduce you to https://Panda.chat — an end-to-end encrypted LLM designed to protect your privacy. It runs Deepseek R1 & Llama 4 Scout.

These days, we're asking ChatGPT for medical, legal, and mental advice. But some AI services aren't designed to protect our privacy. Rather, they're designed to log your inputs & train the model for better performance.

We built https://Panda.chat to solve this.

Panda runs AI models in Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) inside of the GPU, enabling end-to-end encryption from your device to TEE. So no one—including us—can see your input/response. We can also prove your conversation was fully protected with a code hash posted on Ethereum.

Try http://panda.chat today! Enjoy the fully end-to-end encrypted LLM experiences. Would love to get your feedback on this :)

Source code (yup, it's open-sourced!):

- https://github.com/testinprod-io/panda-web

- https://github.com/testinprod-io/panda-vllm-proxy

Docs:

- One Pager: https://testinprod.notion.site/Panda-One-Pager-1ff8fc57f5468...

- Technical FAQ: https://testinprod.notion.site/Panda-Technical-FAQ-2018fc57f...
by lisbbb | 2025-07-16 18:25:17+00:00
Anarcho-tyranny. It's not so much to catch the career criminals as it is to make sure that no political organizing can happen on any scale major enough to disrupt the machine. The criminals are encouraged in order to terrorize the public so that they beg for bigger government, higher taxes, and more centralized control structures. The elite running the show don't actually care about "little people." Any care that actually takes place is incidental, more up to the local constabulary or local officials who aren't completely on board with the bigger picture.
by fsh | 2025-07-16 18:26:03+00:00
No, we do not have an absolute reference point for time. Our best models of physics are time-translation symmetric (this is equivalent to conversation of energy via Noether's theorem), so absolute time cannot have any measurable effect. There is, however, a human made reference time scale (International Atomic Time, TAI) which is generated by the BIPM using (mostly GPS-based) comparisons of the local time scales of many national labs.
by andai | 2025-07-16 18:26:08+00:00
Come to think of it, I'm doing lists of three, let's cover the attributes of God, relevant to my original comment:

1. Omniscience: Google's AI, at any rate, wins this by default. The others are at a disadvantage.

2. Omnipresence: Several major tech companies have stated that the OS of the future will be an AI. You won't use apps, the AI will use them for you. Today they're already shoving it into everything.

3. Omnipotence: This part is a work in progress ;) The "embodiment" lags behind.

As for Benevolence... well, they removed "don't be evil", so you'll have to ask them about that one...

(Also "fun" fact: Musk claims that OpenAI was specifically founded in response to a conversation with Sergei Brin where he pledged allegiance to the machines, not the humans.)
by eptcyka | 2025-07-16 18:26:14+00:00
NixOS just doesn’t let you do that in the nominal case, most of /etc consists of symlinks to a read only partition that is managed by nix - it is actually more difficult to do one-off scripts or config changes via files than it is to do so via nix, at least nominally - there are of course software that has it’s own special config format or that keeps its config in a database - but those get snapshot(ed?) and backed up anyway.

Imo, nix is more finnicky but more of a complete solution than ansible.
by DarkNova6 | 2025-07-16 18:27:01+00:00
The table in the end sums it up nicely.

Rust allows low level programming and static compilation, while still providing abstraction and safety. A good ecosystem and stable build tools help massively as well.

It is one of the few languages which managed to address a real life need in novel ways, rather than incrementing on existing solutions and introducing new trade offs.
by ActorNightly | 2025-07-16 18:27:10+00:00
No and no. I don't know how you even get to this level of "making it harder for yourself".

Say you want to use a specific version of python that is not available on Ubuntu.

1. Install build dependencies https://devguide.python.org/getting-started/setup-building/#...

2. Download whichever Python source version you want, https://www.python.org/downloads/source/. Extract it with tar

3. run ./configure --enable-optimizations --with-lto

4. run make -s -j [num cores]

5. sudo make altinstall

This will install that specific version without overwriting default system python.

You can then bash alias pip to python3.xx -m pip to make sure it runs the correct one.

All the libraries and any pip install executable will be installed locally to ~/.local folder under the specific python version.

Alternatively, if you work with other tools like node and want to manage different versions, you can use asdf, as it gives you per folder version selection.

virtual environments are really only useful for production code, where you want to test with specific versions and lock those down.
by Jeremy1026 | 2025-07-16 18:27:15+00:00
I learned Fusion360 by using it. I had no real experience with 3D modeling beyond a little bit of TinkerCAD work for really basic 3D prints, and SketchUp for very basic architectural plans.

As I modeled things in Fusion, if I wanted to do something but didn't know how I'd search YouTube for a tutorial to do that specific task. Now I'm making fairly complex, decent looking, models. Here are my public ones that aren't solving a very specific problem that I have https://www.printables.com/@WhoaFactorial_912016/models, many of these are a a half day or so of modeling to get the basic shape right, then another couple of hours of tweaking for perfect fit.

Get good calipers, they'll make modeling so much better because you'll have good measurements to go off of.
by PaulHoule | 2025-07-16 18:27:33+00:00
Where I work we sell subscriptions to (mostly) academic organizations. There is no way these people will go to a web page and subscribe with a credit card, instead they talk to our sales people multiple times, have to talk to other parts of their organization to get the money, often write a bespoke contract, etc.

Similarly I have worked for systems that would sell a highly customized system to a company like Airbus or Comcast or Safety-Kleen and there would be a huge amount of work going into determining what exactly gets sold which again, is not comparable to going to some landing page and paying with a credit card.

If you're selling mattresses or something, maybe that's different.
by chriswarbo | 2025-07-16 18:27:38+00:00
> maven is just a configuration file

Even better, Maven "POMs" are written in a common, standard format (XML); so we can transform and manipulate it using off-the-shelf tools, if we really want to. I've found this useful e.g. in pre-commit hooks (tidy the formatting, checking/linting, etc.); in Nix builds (e.g. removing the version number, so it doesn't affect the hash and avoids spurious rebuilds); etc. That was a nice bonus when I switched some projects from SBT to Maven (due to SBT being wildly unreproducible).
by yannyu | 2025-07-16 18:27:39+00:00
It seems like you're saying almost the exact opposite of the person you're responding to.

"Reading" an article through its comments makes the assumption that those commenting actually read and understood the article. This seems like a risk though, as there is an entire ecosystem of people who are just knowledgeable enough to be listened to by those with the same or slightly less knowledge of the content or field.

How many times have you sent a meme or made a referential comment about some piece of media that you've never even seen? Big Lebowski, Breaking Bad, and American Psycho memes are completely intelligible across the internet even though many people have never actually seen them.

I think the argument of the person that you're responding to is that these dilettantes would exist regardless of the tools that were out there, LLMs or otherwise. There have always been people that prefer to talk about things than to read and consume them.

The assumption that long form content is a relic and that reading is no longer necessary for knowledge seems absolutely crazy to me, but it does seem to be a common enough mindset that I've run into it with students that I mentor. It seems logical to me that if you could learn something in one hour, then by definition your knowledge in that subject can not be deep. But it seems like there are plenty of people that I work with and talk to that think a crash course or podcast is all you need to be an expert in something.
by bediger4000 | 2025-07-16 18:27:48+00:00
For a single, square building, this area would be about 5 miles on a side. That's ridiculous, and you'd have a hard time getting rid of the heat

If you're putting up fences, include no-go zones, curvy roads with check points and bollards, etc etc to protect a number of large but not absurdly large buildings, maybe. Still seems on the big size.
by thevillagechief | 2025-07-16 18:27:56+00:00
A smallish city in Pennsylvania. Dropped my wallet/id and work badge rushing to catch the bus to work. Someone picked it up, googled me, found an article from the local newspaper announcing my wedding, all with my home address, dropped the items in my mailbox and called my office to let me know. That was when I knew that my local paper still publishes marriages, divorces and bankruptcies, complete with all personal details. That was scary.
by tux3 | 2025-07-16 18:28:39+00:00
>To paraphrase Norvig's Latency numbers a programmer should know, if we imagine a computer that executes 1 CPU instruction every second, it would take it days to read from RAM.

It's a detail, but this is a little bit off. RAM latency is roughly around ~100ns, CPUs average a couple instructions per cycle and a few cycles per ns.

Then in the analogy, a stall on RAM is about a 10 minute wait; not quite as bad as losing entire days.
by chrsw | 2025-07-16 18:29:20+00:00
Impressive because nobody has ever successfully made a Linux desktop computer targeted at consumers the way Apple has. I wouldn't count Chromebooks or Android devices. I mean a system you would use as a workstation or a power user's computer. And I don't mean a Windows PC that you have the option of pre-installing Linux on like from Dell or HP. I mean a computer designed and built around Linux.
by optymizer | 2025-07-16 18:30:02+00:00
What a confusing website. The website is named 'defcon', like the famous defense conference. What does 'defcon' have to do with Q? What even is Q?

The landing page is uninformative. No explanation of what Q is. References ticks, doesn't mention what these are.

The About page is filled with generic words and no substance - so much fluff.

I couldn't tell if KDB-X is an exploit database for Defcon participants, or some other kind of specialized database, and at this point I'm so disappointed by this presentation that I lost interest in whatever this piece of software is or does.

Luckily someone else on HN figured it out and commented with a TLDR, but I'd use this site as an example of how not to design websites.
by Analemma_ | 2025-07-16 18:30:53+00:00
> Actually, young people are writing more. Before the Internet, many people out of school never again wrote a full paragraph. Now they write a few every day.

I'm not convinced this is providing any value in the way you're implying. When people talk about the cognitive benefits of writing, what they mean is writing which makes you organize your thoughts, and notice when they are messy and disjointed. I think a majority of the writing people do online is not of that form: instead it takes the form of emotional outbursts which essentially go directly from the amygdala to the fingers and barely involve the higher brain functions at all, much less trigger the kind of introspection and reflection that people mean when they say writing is good for you.

In other words, just as not all reading is equally valuable, I don't think all writing is either and I think almost all Internet writing is of the low-value kind.
by bell-cot | 2025-07-16 18:31:08+00:00
Hype-tastic headline. The dull reality is it's yet another minimal-danger fissure eruption from here - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%932025_Sundhn%C3%BA... A spot where there's been an eruption every 4-ish months since Dec'23.

I'd wait a day or two for coverage here: https://www.youtube.com/@GeologyHub/videos He's not the quickest nor the slickest with his videos, but he's a professional volcano expert who knows how to act like one.