MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by trklausss | 2025-07-24 12:09:24+00:00
Depends on the configuration. If they are equipped with a CVT+electric engine on the shaft, then that's the case: they rev to the sweet spot (which on gas engines is 4000-5000 rpm on acceleration? Depending on expected engine load I assume) and the speed is controlled by hydraulic force applied on the CVT.

With other hybrids: depends on the generator they have installed, but it matches the consumption in amps by the engine in order to "go" if it is not directly coupled with the transmission, or they just downshift to accelerate with help of the electric engine.

I am assuming a lot here: Toyotas (specially RAV4) mount CVTs among others, assuming pure electric generator by the ICE or coupled to it... So it depends a lot on specific configuration.
by masklinn | 2025-07-24 12:09:47+00:00
> that makes the brake dust residue comparable to ICE if not worst based on the approximately 30% extra vehicle weight for the battery.

Did you miss pretty much all data on EV brakes, notably that they get used so little they’ll rust to slick and manufacturers have to implement de-rusting cycles to ensure they can actually do something? Your hypothesis is nonsensical on its face. Calling it a hypothesis is insulting. Even to flat earthers.
by JCM9 | 2025-07-24 12:10:08+00:00
Reality is that a string of letters and numbers in plain text is all that’s required to grant someone full root access to your AWS (and many other cloud) provider’s existence even if all your stuff is disconnected from the internet.

Lots of best practices to mitigate the risk of that and blast radius of a comprise, but it’s a nasty anti-pattern in cloud security that bites hard when things go wrong. As the article highlights attackers are well positioned to exploit this and can take over your assets in seconds after an oops.
by inezk | 2025-07-24 12:10:53+00:00
Great insights. In US people do ask one another "how are you?", perhaps in a shallow way - but I think it's still an opener that can lead to more meaningful conversation. In Poland for instance, where I'm from, people don't ask "how are you?" one another - which slightly limits that opportunity. At the same time Europe as a whole has so much better work life balance which allows for many more outside work friends and family connections and spending time together.
by johnisgood | 2025-07-24 12:11:10+00:00
What I am saying is that I have seen the term "knitwear" everywhere, and when I am looking for "knitwear", I am not looking for t-shirts or "jerseys", but those sweatshirts that look like this (or the like): https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1181/5370/files/knits_1_48....
by boesboes | 2025-07-24 12:11:29+00:00
And how are we going to charge all those EV's? the grid is already overloaded in many places. Here we are requested to not charge our cars during certain times to reduce load.

And how will all the people that are buying 500€ second hand cars afford electric?

Don't get me wrong, I think there is merit in a ICE free future, especially in urban areas, but the practicalities.. And I am not convinced the long term impacts of EV are fully appreciated necessarily.
by 542354234235 | 2025-07-24 12:11:52+00:00
Since America is so in love with car infrastructure, just turning open parking lots into covered lots would be more than enough.

Just converting all Walmart parking to covered solar would meet almost half of all US electrical demand.

4,070,000,000,000 kWh US electric use in 2022

Using 330W panels it would require 8,447,488 panels (4,070,000,000,000 kWh / (330W * 4 hours/day * 365 days/year)) which is 164,726,016 sq ft at 19.5 sq ft per panel.

Walmart has 4,612 stores in the US, averaging 1,000 parking spaces per store, and 180 sq ft per parking space (does not include driving lanes, end caps, etc.) giving us 830,160,000 sq ft.
by arizen | 2025-07-24 12:12:07+00:00
You're spot on. That shift you're describing isn't a prediction anymore, it's already happening.

The term you're looking for is GEO (Generative Engine Optimization), though your "AIO" is also used. It's the new frontier.

And you've nailed the 180° turn: the game is no longer about blocking crawlers but about a race to become their primary source. The goal is to be the one to "gaslight the agent" into adopting your view of the world. This is achieved not through old SEO tricks, but by creating highly structured, authoritative content that is easy for an LLM to cite.

Your point about shifting to "assets the AI tools can only link to" is the other key piece. As AI summarization becomes the norm, the value is in creating things that can't be summarized away: proprietary data, interactive tools, and unique video content. The goal is to become the necessary destination that the AI must point to.

The end of SEO as we know it is here. The fight for visibility has just moved up a layer of abstraction.
by vladvasiliu | 2025-07-24 12:12:18+00:00
It depends on the implementation. I ride an automatic motorbike which will downshift if I grab the brakes a bit harder, even if I'm only slowing to a speed to which it wouldn't otherwise shift.

For example, if I brake somewhat hard from 130 km/h to 90, it will downshift from 6th to 5th. When riding normally, it would stay in 6th down to around 50.
Ask HN: Help me navigate a PIP at a remote startup in the Netherlands
by msoad | 2025-07-24 12:12:49+00:00
Hey HN,

I'm in a tough spot and could use some outside perspective, especially from anyone who's navigated startup politics or EU/Dutch employment law.

I'm a senior engineer with a background at bigger tech companies in the US. A few months ago, I took a job at a small-ish (around 150 people), fully remote tech startup based in Europe. The pay is good for the EU, though definitely a big step down from my US salary. The main reason for the move was to get a visa and work in Europe, and the project (AI stuff) seemed really exciting.

It's been a chaotic ride. The project has been in a constant "prototyping" phase, with the product direction pivoting at least 4-5 times since I joined. As the main frontend dev, I've been building and refactoring constantly to keep up. It's been high-pressure, but I thought we were making good progress.

Recently, things took a sharp turn. My manager, who is new to management and I report directly to, put me on a formal PIP. This was a total shock, as it was literally the first time he'd ever given me any formal managerial feedback. We've never had a single 1-on-1. The reasons cited in the PIP are subjective things like "code quality" and "seniority."

The part that feels off is that the "messy" code they're pointing to is a direct result of the constant pivots and the "move fast" culture we've all been working in. My manager's own PRs have introduced critical bugs that I've had to stay late to fix. It feels less like a real performance issue and more like they needed a scapegoat because the project is under pressure.

Now things are escalating. I was recently excluded from a key project Slack channel where launch feedback was being shared. And I just got an automated email asking me to sign a contract amendment that cuts my salary by nearly 20%.

I know my contract (permanent, Dutch) gives me strong protections, and I've started pushing back on the procedural flaws with HR, which seems to be working. I'm documenting everything.

My question for the HN community is:

1) For those who've been in a similar startup PIP situation, what's the real end game here? Is this a genuine attempt to "improve" me, or is it just the first step in managing me out?

2) Any advice on how to handle the day-to-day emotional drain of working with a manager who you feel is actively trying to undermine you, while still needing to be "professional" and collaborative on PRs?

3) Are they trying to pressure me into quitting or accepting a lowball settlement offer (VSO)?

4) I'm trying to stay strategic and not get emotional, but it's tough when you feel like you're being disrespected.

Any advice or shared experiences would be incredibly helpful. Thanks!
by masfoobar | 2025-07-24 12:13:05+00:00
Personally - I think C just needs to remain as C. Sure there will be improvements along the way... but whenever I use C, I stick with C99.

There are many alternatives or newer languages which I think is the answer to your proposal.

You mentioned Go, which is absolutely reasonable.

However, like all languages, Go has its pros and cons as well. I am sure someone has tried to push for a new feature that may be OOP-like and it gets rejected. You can say that for any language.

We also have Rust, Odin, Zig, C3, etc -- all have their own sprinkles and flavours on how to do things. These are "better C" or "better C++" depending on how you view it.

Personally I prefer Odin. It (kinda) has namespaces but there are no classes... and functions/procedures are still created outside the struct. To me, out of the many languages, Odin keeps it C but with many improvements and I am happy with that.

Each to their own.
by lastcat743 | 2025-07-24 12:13:48+00:00
What an insane “spin” between headline and explanation. An emergent trait in modern American thought involves so much emotional pressure and so little or ironic understory.

While interesting in its own right, I feel like this is one of those “the new America proves those lefties wrong, again!” emotion grabs. This guy wants his work heard, sure, does anyone else detect an information/emotional warfare in how we deliberate?
by pydry | 2025-07-24 12:14:01+00:00
Wow. I independently came up with something almost identical for identical reasons, including the checklists for months out, weeks out, day before, etc. It was mostly a coping mechanism for ADHD - before I did this I would reliably forget to do at least some of the things on my list or do them too late and become massively stressed as a result.

I also have job interview checklists, beginning / ending job checklists, repetitive admin checklists (beginning/end of month, beginning end of year, beginning/end of financial year etc...).

For all of these the checklist template is something I edit after one of these events after thinking "man, I wish I'd thought to do X" or "I wish Id thought of doing X a bit earlier than I did".
by ZeroGravitas | 2025-07-24 12:14:42+00:00
Yes, but only to some degree.

Quote from the actual report:

> As the level of electrification of a vehicle rises, the dependence on regenerative braking also increases, thus lowering PM emissions from brake wear. Based on recent evidence [30], regenerative braking can reduce, in the worst- case scenario (i.e. highest usage of mechanical brakes or equivalently lowest usage of regenerative braking), brake wear emissions by 10-48% for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), 66% for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and 83% for battery electric vehicles (BEVs
by steveBK123 | 2025-07-24 12:15:05+00:00
Less bells & whistles than Tesla tries to accomplish, but it just works. Which is.. what I want in my car. Infotainment has native XM radio & Spotify, plus CarPlay & Android Auto.

Less updates, and sometimes they don't quite work OTA, but I don't really care.

When I had a Tesla, everything was on the touchscreen including the speedometer and various critical controls, and I had 2-3 full reboot black screen while driving incidents of the system.

Was it neat that Tesla shipped new features regularly, sure. Were most of them half baked (summon) or stupid (farts, Netflix).. yes. The incremental "oh neat" for me was outweighed by various driver critical touchscreen-only controls moving around the screen release to release.

On my BMW I think the infotainment may have rebooted on me maybe once, but it has an independent dashboard instrument cluster screen & HUD which were not impacted.

And the BMW has way way more buttons so I do not have to care about the screen, including on the steering wheel and controls on the drivers right side arm rest. So again I can drive without distractions.

The other thing worth mentioning is the driver assist system that Tesla is supposed to lead on but.. eh, not really. After 4 years of Tesla Autopilot releases constantly changing behavior, frequently not for the better, it was nice to have a predictable ADAS system from BMW.

While Tesla pumps will pile on about how FSD is not AP and 2022 is not 2025, I just do not buy anything they or the company says after 4 years of daily experience with the product. A product that mostly works most of the time but then has unpredictable behavior and erratic regressions is not helpful.
by Doxin | 2025-07-24 12:16:03+00:00
You'll get animators pulling all sorts of shenanigans. One I learned about recently is when animating on twos (or threes or fours or...) they'll interleave when different elements move. E.g. character A moves on odd frames and character B moves on even frames. This is the same amount of work but feels smoother and less mechanical when watching it.
by wonderwonder | 2025-07-24 12:16:05+00:00
Pretty accurate, the web is generally unpleasant at the moment especially using a search engine as your entry point. The first page of results are irrelevant paid ads.

My web experience has been reduced to a handful of bookmarks, X, and chatgpt or grok. Occasionally I’ll go looking for government sites to validate something I read on X. Everything else is noise
by CRConrad | 2025-07-24 12:16:10+00:00
> Why don't we embrace proportional (i.e. not monospace) fonts more for coding? IMHO, they are a big step up when it comes to legibility.

No, according to what seems to be the common definitions in this thread (dunno if that's the "official" one, or if such a thing even exists), they're better for readability, not legibility. And I agree with user bjourne's comment[1], "Typos feel way harder to spot in proportional fonts." What we need for coding is mainly legibility, not readability.

Well, at least usually, while writing and editing. For getting an overview of a large codebase, the increased readability of a proportional font might be better. (So what we really need may be a quick way to switch our editor or IDE between proportional and non-proportional fonts.)

[1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44654792
by xtiansimon | 2025-07-24 12:16:45+00:00
> “… moon dust has very fine particles…”

What’s more: “Unlike dust particles on Earth, dust on the Moon’s surface is sharp and abrasive – like tiny shards of glass – because it hasn’t been exposed to weathering and elements like water and oxygen.”

https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/kennedy/nasa-tec...
by carlsborg | 2025-07-24 12:17:03+00:00
I thought people were dosing themselves with a base amino acid. Duh. Theanine is an amino acid found in green tea, but not a base amino acid, ie doesn't form proteins. Can cross the blood-brain barrier and can certainly modulate brain function.

Not to be confused with:

* Thiamine: Vitamin B1, a molecule your body does not produce so you a get it from a food source. Needed for biochemical pathways that convert carbohydrates into energy. Not an amino acid.

* Thymine: One of the four nucleotide bases in DNA, pairs with Adenine. Synthesized in the body from the pyrimidine synthesis pathways
by kragen | 2025-07-24 12:17:09+00:00
BTW David Ahl has placed all of his work, including this book, into the public domain https://blog.adafruit.com/2022/06/16/david-ahl-places-all-hi... and so we can link to the Hexapawn page in the original book https://dn790005.ca.archive.org/0/items/Basic_Computer_Games...

Unfortunately I do not know of an online source for the Korean edition that so inspired the original poster.
by cess11 | 2025-07-24 12:17:15+00:00
If it's anything like Sweden they have coddled reactionaries that are incapable of even the slightest planning and hence are constantly whining about the monopoly not being open at night or some weekend when they get a sudden urge to get drunk.

For someone who drinks moderately and enjoys variety and access to obscure alcohol products it's likely a very good deal, as it is in Sweden. If I want a single bottle of lebanese Ksarak it'll cost me roughly fifty euros and I'll walk across the street to pick it up after a week or so. Unless I'm misunderstanding something the danish have to get it from german suppliers, though it'll be a bit cheaper (~33 euros), probably due to taxes.

Sometimes I've engaged in tentative planning of imports, e.g. ukrainian bubbly wine and whatnot, but it typically falls through because people don't actually want to put in the effort to organise a drive or getting someone to mail a package, even if there would be a bit of money in it. On the other hand it's trivial to get into contact with people running rather large scale imports of cheap beer and wine from Germany that sell for less than the monopoly takes.

I don't think there is actually any improvement to gain from getting rid of the monopoly, it would quickly turn our local alcohol availability into something similar to what I've seen in Russia and Bulgaria, fifty shades of Flirt vodka, sour wine and useless lager. The rest I'd have to import myself.
by kcplate | 2025-07-24 12:17:47+00:00
> evidence that only adequately talented self-taught people can make it in the field, in the long run.

I’d accept that, certainly the ones competing for positions against CS grads are going to be the more capable and confident (more than just in bullshit to get the job) where the less capable self-sorted out of the vocation.

> And software is far more welcoming of self-taught people than just about any other field, certainly among the hard technical fields. People in the arts are very often self-taught, of course.

In a way this kind of speaks to my point. Software development has both a technical and a creative component, perhaps not in equal parts, but different problems in our space might be a different mix of each. Most of the projects I have been involved with probably leaned towards requiring a a more creative mind and perhaps this has colored my opinion.
by egberts1 | 2025-07-24 12:18:04+00:00
Damage was mostly done at wall impact after distance-square acceleration, not just the slamming against the wall but 1.2 Tera-gauss force inches away from superconducting magnet coil applied at least 3,200 lbs/ft forces on the 20lb gold chain crushing nearly everything on the poor victim's neck, artery, veins, tendons, muscle ... beyond any possible surgical repair.
Show HN: Age of Empires AI game reviewer
by shim2k | 2025-07-24 12:18:09+00:00
Hi HN!

I love playing AOE4, and so I decided to check whether LLMs can help me improve. Turned out it gave me great feedback on my game, so I made an app around this idea.

If you do not play it and can't check it on your own games, you can check out reviews from current users at https://aoe4.senteai.com/reviews
by CraigJPerry | 2025-07-24 12:18:40+00:00
just mistaken about maximum effectiveness

braking system = circa 1G of deceleration possible (depending on tyres, coeff of friction, temperature, ... etc etc)

So max effectiveness is unreachable for any regen system on a consumer car hybrid or ev, by a factor of around 6x i believe?

With recognition of the mistaken framing (near max effectiveness) we're back to the larger ev pack has a greater ability to sink current, a larger ability to slow the vehicle than does a smaller battery (obvious considerations about inverter capability, wire gauge etc etc aside)
by mathgeek | 2025-07-24 12:18:41+00:00
No worries. I’m just wondering what you are expecting to constitute the minimum since the next logical step is to ask where the government should then draw the line on helping folks or essentially kicking them out of the city. Right now your definition lets folks lucky enough to have relatives with an extra couch stay while orphans would be gone at 18 just by dumb luck.
by CRConrad | 2025-07-24 12:19:22+00:00
> I seem to recall that Microsoft used proportional fonts in their IDEs in the 90's. Or maybe I'm thinking of Visual Basic? Not sure.

What's the distinction you're making here; are you saying Visual Basic isn't an IDE? Because AFAICS it very much is. (Or was, whatever. For its time, not even a bad IDE AFAICR.)
by SigmundA | 2025-07-24 12:19:31+00:00
Most hybrids on the road are parallel and have a mechanical connection to wheels and vary rpm as needed, although the CVT implementations may hold rpm due to gear ratios like any CVT hybrid or not.

A direct mechanical connection is more efficient at highway cruise speeds than a mechanical->electric->mechanical conversion.

The main win a gasoline hybrid has is in running the Atkinson cycle gaining efficiency while losing torque which the electric motor makes up. This brings the gasoline engine up into diesel efficiency territory.

This is also why you don't really diesel hybrids, the engine is already very efficient but it is more expensive and heavier and hybrid adds more expense and weight.
by magne_undoio | 2025-07-24 12:20:04+00:00
https://rr-project.org/ is a great Time-Travel debugger and has the capability to record and replay the execution of the CPython interpreter, but since it depends on GDB (which just knows how to inspect compiled programs) it struggles to present the state of the Python program running inside of the interpreter.

I've found that the best way to inspect Python programs with GDB is to use the GDB extensions (https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.13/Tools/gdb/libpyt...) that the CPython project maintains. It's a bunch of code that tells GDB how to navigate the interpreter internals and how to find things like the local variables and the backtrace of the currently executing function. You can actually see quite a lot using this! It falls short if you need to do any kind of navigation or stepping, but it's great for understanding what your program is doing "right now".

At my employer https://undo.io we makes a Time-Travel debugger called UDB which is similar to rr and we've had some success introducing time-travel into this Python debugging approach. We can record and replay Python processes, and with some additions on top of the GDB extensions from CPython we can navigate around the execution history. It's a bit rough around the edges, but it's really powerful to be able to evaluate Python expressions at arbitrary points in time, and we're finding it valuable to use internally. Here are some more details if you're interested (you should be able to adapt this to rr): https://undo.io/resources/how-i-debug-python-code-with-a-tim....

I expect that this new remote debugging protocol will be useful to some of the approaches we're currently testing out.