MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by ChadNauseam | 2025-07-24 01:50:48+00:00
Sure. My alma mater (Michigan State) offers a minor in "Beverage Science and Technology" https://reg.msu.edu/academicprograms/ProgramDetail.aspx?PTyp...

It requires all the following courses:

CEM 482 Science and Technology of Wine Production 3 CHE 483 Brewing and Distilled Beverage Technology 3 FSC 481 Fermented Beverages
by senjin | 2025-07-24 01:51:26+00:00
I agree! It's really nice to have a goal like this that could take you years to accomplish because you have no deadline. I did the same thing with a list of some of the best scifi [1] over the course of 15 years or so. I would get into a series and read the whole thing before moving on or really get into an author for a while. Some books are the 2nd, 3rd or 5th book in a series (looking at you Murderbot...) so you kind of have to read the preceding books. You could read the whole list in a couple years but it was really nice to work through it really slowly.

Anyway, I think this list of cocktails will be my next long term goal

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_joint_winners_of_the_H...
by Nursie | 2025-07-24 01:52:33+00:00
> Rum/rhum I still don’t get the sipping side

There's a vast variety and some is great, some not so much. There are very sweet, delicious rums like Diplomatico Reserva Exclusiva, which is tasty but a little bit on the syrupy side. Then there are delicious but less sweet rums like Appleton Estate, Flor de Cana, Havana Club, Mount Gay, El Dorado etc. Ron Zacapa is very sippable too, and very approachable, and I think their solera 23 makes a really good entry point to the 'genre'.

As with whisky, the older the rum, the more complex and in general 'better' they tend to be, and the various 'XO' versions of Zacapa etc are more refined again.

I prefer to stick to the bigger names like those above, which is not to say there aren't good rums from newer or smaller places, but if you're just starting out these are some good, solid makers to begin to develop your palate. I guess a bit like recommending someone start an exploration of Scotch with a taste of Ardbeg, Highland Park, Macallan etc - get to know the big names a little before you experiment.

Spiced rums can be delicious sipped, but the cheaper end of the market often use their flavouring to mask a poor underlying spirit. See Sailor Jerry, Kraken, and other highly-flavoured rums like Pink Pigeon. Bumbu is good though and (surprisingly?) so is Captain Morgans Private Stock. I generally stay away from anything else labelled Captain Morgan. Purists will argue that any/all spiced rums are not really rum, because they are flavoured and almost all are heavily sweetened and so should be called 'rum liqueur'. It's not an argument I'd like to partake in particularly.

Avoid white rums unless mixing, IMHO. Anything claiming to be Navy rum is probably a bit rough (I'm not a fan of Pussers). And stay away from "Stroh 80", that stuff tastes like burning tyres.

I don't really drink rum any more, but when I did ... I drank all the rums!
by clipsy | 2025-07-24 01:52:39+00:00
> Probably not, since you can't pay rent or buy groceries with shares. If the company is private this is even more of a headache as you may not see any money for years and the actual value wouldn't be firm until the sale is finalized.

Equity in a privately held company is certainly more complicated to deal with, but if -- as per my original post -- you offer someone a substantial raise in the form of equity I'm quite certain they won't turn it down.

> If the company is public...you can just buy shares like anyone else (well depending on your position you might need approval).

I can't help but suspect you are ignoring the substantial raise part of my post at this point, as otherwise this comment seems like a non-sequitur.

> Equity isn't a magical thing that prints millions. There are ample people on this forum that could tell you endless stories about "equity" and "getting rich"...

This is condescending and not conducive to a polite discussion. I did not ask for and do not need an explanation of equity compensation.
by xenadu02 | 2025-07-24 01:53:03+00:00
It wasn't that they didn't have life insurance at all. It was that they couldn't increase their life insurance on the private market either due to their line of work or "Act of God"-style clauses. Or at least they thought that to be the case. This is similar to how some life insurance policies exclude death while acting as a pilot in general aviation.

AFAIK all of them were former military and obviously current government employees so their families would have been entitled to any military life insurance they purchased as well as any pension benefits due (military and federal civilian). I can't give you the exact amounts because it has changed over the years and also depends on how many years of military and/or civilian service you had.

But generally all government employees covered under the retirement plan have an annuity or monthly survivor benefit available that is some portion of their final salary at death or their average salary whichever was higher. Often there is a fixed adder as well (basic death benefit adder right now is $41,000 per year so your spouse would get 50% of your final salary plus $41k).

In addition the federal plan (and social security) pays monthly for surviving children until they reach age 18. The federal plan is a bit nicer in that it pays until 18 or 22 if you are a full time student. Both pay for life if the child is disabled (though the government definition of disabled is rather strict).

All of this is just survivor benefits. Once your surviving spouse retires they are entitled to the pension payments you would have received.
by MantisShrimp90 | 2025-07-24 01:53:08+00:00
i love casey and I love this talk. Always good to see people outside of academia doing deep research and this corroborates allot of how I have understood the subject.

I find it funny that even after he goes into explicit detail about describing oop back to the original sources people either didn't watch it or are just blowing past his research to move the goal post and claim thats not actually what OOP is because they don't want to admit the industry is obsessed with a mistake just like waterfall and are too stockholm syndromed to realize
by gus_massa | 2025-07-24 01:54:53+00:00
Witness are very unreliable. Let's say the photo lineup has 6 persons, that appear to be the usual. The police encourage the witness to choose one of them , that appear to be the usual. There is a 16.6% of a coincidence.

This guy has only a 2.7% probability to win the lottery, but if both witness had coincided to selected another person, it would have changed only the name in the post.
by whartung | 2025-07-24 01:55:07+00:00
It is interesting that there's no references to Inside Macintosh.

Apple did not "give away" that documentation, you had to buy it. It was published by Addison-Wesley.

I was piled into a pickup truck with five other folks, as we went up to the bay area for an early (perhaps first) incarnation of MacWorld, where we saw all sorts of wonders. But one of them, hot off the presses, one the Inside Macintosh Vol 1-3 book.

It was $80 ($250 in today's dollars), I think, and I snatched one up. Mind, it was not easy to just plonk down $80, but that the zany stuff we did back then. Boy, were computers expensive!

Hard bound, paper sleeve, beautiful text and diagrams. Very nice.

Outside of that, I really like the Macintosh Revealed books they have here.

It would be nice to see a stack of MacTech archive issues as well.
by JdeBP | 2025-07-24 01:55:10+00:00
It's important to remember that it has to be this aggressive in excluding systemd, too. There is quite a lot of strong coupling amongst the parts of systemd, so there are very few half-measure scenarios, where one can have only some systemd stuff, that will actually function correctly in toto.

Moreover, there are the odd one or two unrelated packages that just happen to have the string "systemd" in their names. (-:
by greenie_beans | 2025-07-24 01:55:55+00:00
oh yeah, my background: i'm a former bookseller who taught myself to code html and css to redesign the website. i found i liked the creativity and problem solving of coding and became a software developer. my second dev job was the most transformative: i worked for datamade, a civic tech company based in chicago. they mentored me and helped me grow as a developer, eventually becoming a lead developer. i worked on a variety of cool projects for them...a lot of data engineering and projects that make a difference. they are an excellent company and i was fortunate to work there, but i quit that job last year because i was burned out from a variety of things, including building bookhead in my free time. when i quit, i wasn't sure if i wanted to pursue bookhead seriously, so i revised a novel i had written while i decided whether or not to go for it with bookhead. i was lukewarm on pursuing yet another bookselling e-commerce as a business idea. i've seen firsthand how hard it is being an entrepreneur, but i've been excited about this once i landed on the current product vision last winter.

i'm currently working freelance within the civic tech space, doing devops and data engineering for organizations who are working toward criminal justice reform.
by panphora | 2025-07-24 01:56:24+00:00
As someone who runs production services but isn't a full-time sysadmin, I evaluated this script before thinking about deploying it.

Here's what you should know:

The Good: It's a comprehensive monitoring solution that actually catches real threats. The YARA integration, eBPF monitoring, and honeypot features are impressive for a bash script.

Security Issues:

1. Command injection in process monitoring - Initially looked like a vulnerability because the code uses xargs basename on process names, which seemed dangerous. However, process names from ps output are already sanitized by the kernel (limited to 15 chars, no shell metacharacters executed).

2. Executing Python scripts from /tmp as root - Real privilege escalation vulnerability. Ghost Sentinel writes to world-writable /tmp then executes as root. Any local user can overwrite the file between write and execute to gain root. Trivial to exploit with inotify or loop, 100% reliable. Turns any compromised service account into root access. Fix: use root-owned directory instead of /tmp.

Email Configuration - Gmail will block direct server emails. Install msmtp and configure it with your Gmail app password (not regular password) to get theProtector to use msmtp's mail command:

# Install sudo apt-get install msmtp msmtp-mta # Configure ~/.msmtprc (for root since script runs as root) sudo tee /root/.msmtprc << 'EOF' defaults auth on tls on tls_trust_file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt account gmail host smtp.gmail.com port 587 from your-email@gmail.com user your-email@gmail.com password your-app-password account default : gmail EOF sudo chmod 600 /root/.msmtprc

Uninstall TheProtector:

# Remove cron job crontab -l | grep -v ghost_sentinel | crontab - # Remove systemd timer (if installed) sudo systemctl disable ghost-sentinel.timer 2>/dev/null # Remove logs and data sudo rm -rf /var/log/ghost-sentinel

Auto-update concerns: The script does NOT auto-update. self_update() only runs when you explicitly execute ./the_protector.sh update

Performance note: On resource-constrained VPS instances, set ENABLE_EBPF=false and MAX_FIND_DEPTH=1

I'm deploying a patched version this week. The creator spent a year on this and it shows - the eBPF/YARA integration is impressive. They should set up GitHub Sponsors or a donation link. It's better than many commercial solutions I've seen.
by crystal_revenge | 2025-07-24 01:56:34+00:00
My advice would be: Every cocktail has an unlisted ingredient that makes or breaks the drink - ice water.

Shaking or stirring a cocktail doesn’t just make it colder, it dilutes it as well. Getting this right is very often the difference between a good and bad drink.

I demonstrated this once when a friend complained that it was so hard to get a good cocktail, especially getting good ingredients. All they had in their kitchen was some gin and some other slightly floral novelty liqueur. I just took a spoon and a glass and stirred them something based on the ratios for a martini and they said it was one of the best cocktails they have had!

Balancing chill and dilution, even in more complex drinks, is essential.

A good way to experiment is to make batch chilled cocktails in which case you need to explicitly measure out the water you’re adding.
by linsomniac | 2025-07-24 01:56:39+00:00
A trick I've been doing since I got the Combusion thermometer is, if I'm trying for a 205 temp target: I run it until the surface temp reaches 205, then turn down the heat to get the ambient temp to around 205 for the rest of the cook until the interior gets up to 205. I've tried it a couple times and had really great results.
Show HN: Synthetic Users that test your app, catch bugs, and provide feedback
by fearlessboi | 2025-07-24 01:57:31+00:00
We initially built Jina as an AI QA engineer. The value prop was simple - turn a prompt into a test case.

But as we worked with customers, we discovered something much more powerful. We could have Jina be your user.

Take on your user's persona, explore your app like them catch bugs like they would. All in addition to of course a core foundation in writing QA tests from a single prompt with 0 maintenance.
by giantg2 | 2025-07-24 01:57:38+00:00
"whether the person had a lawful reason to be carrying the weapon used"

But that's the point - if the courts have found that defense is lawful, then it becomes a question of why it's possession (not even use and proportionality) would not be. Then you end up in a weird state where people can make up reasons to have a hammer or something else on them rather than have something potentially more reasonable/effective like pepper spray. Allowing some limited non-lethal tool seems reasonable if defense is actually something to support.
by avalys | 2025-07-24 02:01:07+00:00
It depends on the specific institution, but the US higher educational system does have a lot of very specialized degrees. This is part of a "Food Science & Nutrition" program (https://staging.fshn.illinois.edu/about/what-we-do-why-it-ma...).

While the value of some of these courses is somewhat questionable on their own (hence the old joke about majoring in "Underwater Basket Weaving"), they make a bit more sense as part of a broader program and/or a double-major.

For instance, you might double major in Chemistry, plus Food Science and Nutrition, if you intend to do some work in that industry - or perhaps Business plus Food Science and Nutrition.

Someone with less ambitious college plans might major in Food Science and Nutrition alone and aim for a job as a nutritionist, or a restaurant manager, etc.?

It's also common for people to register for courses like this as a fun or lightweight diversion from "more serious" majors. For instance, MIT offers a course on glassblowing, which counts toward the humanities & arts part of the general curriculum requirements.
by ddtaylor | 2025-07-24 02:01:52+00:00
A while ago there was a large data center outage that effected a lot of popular services and I speculated it might have been BGP, but it wasn't.

During that time I was trying to learn BGP on-the-fly enough to know if this was a thing and I didn't have a lot of luck.

What are some good methods or tools to know if BGP is causing a large scale outage before other experts have reported it?
by bawolff | 2025-07-24 02:02:37+00:00
> (Unless Bitcoin forks into a quantum-resistant hashing method).

Aren't the hash functions bitcoin uses already quantum resitant?

> Well quantum computing's only economically valuable use-case is cracking RSA and other weak quantum-vulnerable cryptography.

The exciting use case is simulating quantum systems for physics & chemistry research. Cracking RSA is mostly a meme use case since the moment it looks like someone is about to get one everyone immediately switches algorithms.
by Twirrim | 2025-07-24 02:02:46+00:00
I could, at the expense of a lot of bandwidth. /dev/urandom doesn't compress, so to send something that would consume 10GB of memory, I'd have to use up 10GB of bandwidth. The 10GB of /dev/zero that I return in response to requests takes up just 11MB of bandwidth. Much more efficient use of my bandwidth.

A more effective (while still relatively efficient) alternative would be to have a program that returns an infinite gzip compressed page. That'll catch anyone that doesn't set a timeout on their requests.

I don't imagine it would be too difficult to write a python app that dynamically creates the content, just have the returned content be the output of a generator. Not sure it's worth it though :)
by joemi | 2025-07-24 02:03:07+00:00
We use Wordstock as our POS, our website is an IndieCommerce site (I'm quite adept at pushing IC to the limits), and we list on a couple marketplaces doing manual uploads of exports from our POS that were processed by scripts I've written.

The "brains of your bookstore" goal sounds great. If/when Bookhead becomes a full POS, then my store might consider switching, but until then, we've got 20+ years of history in Wordstock the product and with Wordstock the company, so Bookhead would need to be significantly better than our current system in order to be worth switching to. WS isn't perfect but we're used to it, and they've modified it in many ways as per our requests. And Jeff in their support department is the best customer support person I've ever dealt with anywhere for any reason.
by nozzlegear | 2025-07-24 02:03:37+00:00
> Honestly, I really wonder if users would refuse to follow creators whom they like to another platform. Are most people really that adverse to just watching videos on another website?

My wife and I watch ~15 hours of YouTube together each week, entirely on our Apple TV. If someone we watch were to move to another platform, we just wouldn't watch them anymore. Honestly even if there is an Apple TV app for the other platform, it's still unlikely we'd switch over just to watch them instead of filling up their "time slot" with someone else.
by toomuchtodo | 2025-07-24 02:04:06+00:00
https://electrek.co/2025/07/02/tesla-confirms-cybertruck-sal...

> Tesla has confirmed through its delivery report that Cybertruck sales have now dropped to ~5,000 units per quarter.

> After planning for a production capacity of over 250,000 units per year, Tesla is currently selling the pickup truck at a rate of ~20,000 units annually.
by krupan | 2025-07-24 02:04:21+00:00
I feel like the discussion here is missing the point. It doesn't matter if the AI overview is correct or not, it doesn't matter if you can turn it off or not. People are using it instead of visiting actual websites. Google has copied the entire World Wide Web into their LLM and now people not using the web anymore! We have bemoaned the fact that Facebook and Twitter replaced most of the web for most people, but now it's not even those, it's a single LLM owned and controlled by a single corporation.
by mzk_pi | 2025-07-24 02:05:13+00:00
I'm working on a P2P protocol for a contribution-based economy — replacing financial incentives with participation, trust, and transparency.

Looking for developers interested in helping implement a currency system using a simple database (PostgreSQL or similar). No blockchain or crypto stack required.

If you're exploring peer-to-peer governance, non-monetary value exchange, or post-capitalist systems, I'd love to connect.

Repo: https://github.com/contribution-protocol/contribution-protoc...
by xk_id | 2025-07-24 02:05:36+00:00
MyProtein manufactures raw protein powders without artificial flavours: soya, pea and hemp. That way you can add your own preferred/safer sweetener to the shake, or just drink them quickly raw (you can gulp down 30g of protein in under 10 seconds, it’s not a big deal). Or you can use them in certain food preparation (e.g combine with oat flour, peanut butter, water and a sweetener; make small balls that you can eat as a snack). Soy protein in particular has a creamy, silky, luxurious texture when mixed with water, very pleasant and can be a perfect substitute for custard-type desserts when sweetened, or can be used as a sauce/soup thickener.

If the craving for bullshit food (chips, candy, pasta etc) doesn’t stop, that’s either a signal for nutritional deficiency of some kind (your body is still searching for something), OR a signal that you’re not hungry enough, to eat the healthy options. I spend regularly months-long periods eating the exact same ultra-basic food every day: steamed vegetables (not even salt) and home made biscuits from grains, nuts and seeds. I don’t struggle with cravings for other foods, because all my nutrients are in there and it satiates me. If I don’t feel like eating my food, then I wait until I’m hungry enough to want it. My diet is extreme, but it proves a point.
by consumer451 | 2025-07-24 02:05:40+00:00
That is one possibility. Another is that many people truly believe in the religion whose mantra is "all government is bad, and the market always knows best."

This was once convenient propaganda for those who wanted lower taxes and less regulation of their businesses. Now the propaganda has been repeated for so long that many have forgotten it was propaganda, and believe that it is actually true.

As I grow older, it gets easier for me to accept that most often the world is not a vast organized conspiracy, it's just really stupid. Though in current times, it does appear to be both of those things at once.
by thephyber | 2025-07-24 02:06:02+00:00
I can’t tell if the first sentence is sarcasm or not.

This document reads like a trade group lobbying the government, not like the government looking out for the interests of its people.

With regards to LLM content in the legal system, law firms can use LLMs in the same way an experienced attorney uses a junior attorney to write a first pass. The problem lies when the first pass is sent directly to court without any review (either for sound legal theory or citation of cases which either don’t exist or support something other than the claim).
by water9 | 2025-07-24 02:06:22+00:00
because tariffs only raised the prices of goods that can’t be bought anywhere else. The thing is America can make pretty much everything and by doing so it forces more American labor, which is more expensive for the ultra rich, who owned the companies that the laborers work for. The biggest factor, however, is that it impacts the velocity of money. The hundred dollars that you spend on an American business goes to another American and the cycle continues in America enriching everybody instead of immediately fleeing overseas, which just access a devaluation of the currency
by giraffe_lady | 2025-07-24 02:06:35+00:00
I've used both they're both good. I use fennel more because I have to write a lot of lua and don't really like it. Fennel drops in easily, can share tables and functions both ways, and fixes a lot of lua's (non-tooling related) warts.

Janet is also very good, I like it a lot I just don't have a ton of use for it. It's good as a high level scripting or glue language, but then so also are ruby, python, node, elixir, raku, and so on you probably already know several so it's hard to justify learning another. It's pleasant though.

I think janet is actually an extremely strong lua competitor for embedding, it takes the best parts of lua's design on that front but also includes excellent tools for implementing parsers and DSLs (PEG lib in the language core! and macros) which is most of the time what you're embedding lua for in the first place.

So basically janet is good to replace lua, and fennel is good when you can't replace lua.

Re: lisp. I think the main thing about "modern" lisps is that they don't use a cons cell or linked list as the main data structure, though they still use it for code structure. These two (and also clojure) use hashmaps and arrays a lot more, and have lispy ways of interacting with them. Some nerds will say it's not really a lisp for this reason and to them I say "ok."