MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by 082349872349872 | 2025-07-10 05:25:31+00:00
Approximate is a verb in this context and not an adjective. The idea under discussion goes roughly like this: the classical ("earthly") Turing Machine has an infinite tape, but each square can only be marked with a selection from a finite number of symbols; let us suppose angels —being more perfect than humans— can discriminate among a (countably) infinite number of symbols, so their ("celestial") turing machines could then have a finite number of squares, potentially even only 1. However, this additional power of discrimination doesn't buy them much, because (per Scott) in order for their function spaces (D->D) to have a small enough cardinality to be only part of their data space (D), they still must only use continuous functions, meaning that while they'd arguably be able to compute quantitatively more ideally than we do, they'd still be restricted to computing qualitatively in the same manner, approaching infinite objects via finite approximations. Slogan: "As below, so above"
by sandspar | 2025-07-10 05:25:37+00:00
I'm not an expert. I believe it's because Delaware nurtured a reputation for being predictable and safe, but its recent behavior has caused worries that it is becoming erratic and activist.

A good writeup here:

https://news.law.fordham.edu/jcfl/2025/03/31/delawares-corpo...

Relevant clip:

>One of the main reasons for the recent corporate departures is likely the series of high-profile rulings by the Delaware courts that seem to run counter to established Delaware precedent. The Chancery Court has increasingly delivered rulings that expand corporate liability, intensify shareholder scrutiny, and impose heightened governance expectations.
by Johnny_Bonk | 2025-07-10 05:26:06+00:00
So if I'm using claude code and developing a web app, its running on localhost:3000, can I use claude code to basically get ui information, browser console logs and other web dev feedback and useful information? Cause I installed it and added that file but all I see is the 55 tools and 6 apis when i open the browser extension. not the stuff i need. and i also installed the extension tools i think it was called.
by frosted-flakes | 2025-07-10 05:26:27+00:00
Usually these LED puck lights are only held in place with little spring-loaded arms that grip the back side of the drywall, and all you need to do to remove them is tug on them a bit and they'll come out. The light is connected to the electrical junction box with a short low voltage cable with a plug on it, and the LED driver and line voltage connections are all inside this junction box.
Helpful function to find memory leaks in JavaScript
by EGreg | 2025-07-10 05:26:37+00:00
I had a tough time understanding where memory leaks are coming from, especially on iOS safari. I'd go into Dev Tools > Timelines tab and see the memory go up, but not sure how or where. So I wrote this function to traverse all the global objects that have been added by various software, avoiding revisiting the same objects more than once. The function is async so as not to tie up the UX too much. You can run it to start seeing where the references are being leaked.

Q = {}; Q.globalNames = Object.keys(window); // snapshot baseline Q.globalNamesAdded = function () { const current = Object.keys(window); const baseline = Q.globalNames; const added = []; for (let i = 0; i < current.length; i++) { if (!baseline.includes(current[i])) { added.push(current[i]); } } return added; }; Q.walkGlobalsAsync = function (filterFn, options = {}) { const seen = new WeakSet(); const found = new Set(); const pathMap = new WeakMap(); const maxDepth = options.maxDepth || 5; const includeStack = options.includeStack || false; const logEvery = options.logEvery || 100; const startingKeys = Q.globalNamesAdded ? Q.globalNamesAdded() : Object.keys(window); let totalChecked = 0; let matchesFound = 0; function walk(obj, path = 'window', depth = 0) { if (!obj || typeof obj !== 'object') return; if (seen.has(obj)) return; seen.add(obj); totalChecked++; if (totalChecked % logEvery === 0) { console.log(`Checked ${totalChecked} objects, found ${matchesFound}`); } if (filterFn(obj)) { found.add(obj); matchesFound++; if (includeStack) { pathMap.set(obj, path); console.log(`[FOUND] ${path}`, obj); } else { console.log(`[FOUND]`, obj); } } if (depth >= maxDepth) return; const skipKeys = obj instanceof HTMLElement ? new Set([ 'parentNode', 'parentElement', 'nextSibling', 'previousSibling', 'firstChild', 'lastChild', 'children', 'childNodes', 'ownerDocument', 'style', 'classList', 'dataset', 'attributes', 'innerHTML', 'outerHTML', 'nextElementSibling', 'previousElementSibling' ]) : null; for (const key in obj) { if (skipKeys && skipKeys.has(key)) continue; try { walk(obj[key], path + '.' + key, depth + 1); } catch (e) {} } } let i = 0; function nextBatch() { const batchSize = 10; const end = Math.min(i + batchSize, startingKeys.length); for (; i < end; i++) { try { walk(window[startingKeys[i]], 'window.' + startingKeys[i], 0); } catch (e) {} } if (i < startingKeys.length) { setTimeout(nextBatch, 0); // Schedule next batch } else { console.log(`Done. Found ${matchesFound} retained objects.`); if (includeStack) { console.log([...found].map(obj => ({ object: obj, path: pathMap.get(obj) }))); } else { console.log([...found]); } } } nextBatch(); };

Here is how you use it:

Q.walkGlobalsAsync( obj => obj instanceof HTMLElement && !document.contains(obj), { includeStack: true, maxDepth: 4, logEvery: 50 } );

However -- note that this will NOT find objects retained by closures, even if you can find the closures themselves you're going to have to check their code manually.
by gsf_emergency_2 | 2025-07-10 05:27:20+00:00
Style: Manhattan

Generation: Zohran

https://indianexpress.com/article/fresh-take/zohran-mamdani-...

High time the left reinvented memes their own way, "mutability over machismo" (& not a shred of maudlin)

Better link for dark factors imho https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=9935796152480174745...
by aaronbrethorst | 2025-07-10 05:27:52+00:00
being a sentence fragment, not much! It helps to zoom out to the context of the entire sentence, where the GP says: "Whether you believe photovoltaics are the most efficient form of green energy production or not, you cannot argue the impressive economics behind them"

It's definitely impressive that the cost per watt of a PV panel is roughly 13% of where it was just 15 years ago.

https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/solar-pv-prices
by jrflowers | 2025-07-10 05:28:09+00:00
> Unfortunately, barring a benevolent dictator who never becomes malevolent, politics to me is fucked.

“I want to surrender all of my power and embrace the liberation of being entirely without the burden of choice” is a perfectly normal position to take for a person that’s looking for a BDSM partner but it is a ghastly approach to politics. It is super important to separate that sort of urge from real life because people that can only converse about the world through the language of kink are just dreadful company.
by creata | 2025-07-10 05:28:35+00:00
Can you help me understand your comment with a simple example? Take slice::split_at and slice::split_at_mut:

fn split_at(&self, mid: usize) -> (&[T], &[T]) fn split_at_mut(&mut self, mid: usize) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T])

What might their triples look like in separation logic?
by xyzzy123 | 2025-07-10 05:29:06+00:00
AWS backup is a bit more nuanced than that; ideally the thing you want is N days of PITR (point in time recovery) and you want that across all your data stores (RDS dbs, buckets, dynamodb tables, etc etc), and you want to be able to restore them all to a common point in time. 7 or 30 days or PITR are common choices. It is ideal if you can perform a data restore in 1 operation since your hair may be on fire when you need to use it. In practice almost all your recovery will be from this.

The storage needed for this depends on the data change rate in your application, more or less it works like a WAL in a DB. What is annoying is that you can't really control it (for obvious reasons), and less forgivably, AWS backup is super opaque about how much is actually being used by what.

Retention of dailies / weeklies / monthlies is a different (usually compliance) concern (NOT operational, not really, if you have to restore from a monthly your business is probably already done for) and in an enterprise context you are generally prevented from using deltas for these due to enterprise policy or regulation (yeah I know it sounds crazy, reqs are getting really specific these days).

People on AWS don't generally care that they're locked in to AWS services (else.. they wouldn't be on AWS), and while cost is often a factor it is usually not the primary concern (else.. they would not be on AWS). What often IS a primary concern is knowing that their backup solution is covered under the enterprise tier AWS support they are already paying an absolute buttload for.

Also stuff like Vault lock "compliance mode" & "automated restore testing" are helpful in box-ticking scenarios.

Plakar looks awesome but I'm not sure AWS Backup customers are the right market to go for.
by TheAceOfHearts | 2025-07-10 05:29:11+00:00
As a point of interest and for comparison, Gemini 2.5 Pro is able to generate a Python program that outputs the complete correct solution when run, but it can't figure out how to one-shot the problem if asked directly.

This is just a for-fun test to get a sense of how models are progressing; it highlights the jagged nature of their intelligence and capabilities. None of the big AI labs are testing for such a basic problem type, which makes it a bit of an interesting check.

I think it's still interesting to see how Grok 4 performs, even if we don't use this test to draw any broader conclusions about what capabilities it offers.
by ninja3925 | 2025-07-10 05:29:28+00:00
> Just look at health insurance companies for a prime example: they make profit by denying claims

Despite being from Europe, I find this to be a shocking and erroneous interpretation.

Clearly, health insurances have the duty to allocate limited resources (“premiums”) across members. Denying and accepting claims is the mechanism to that end. Accepting all claims would increase premiums and reduce membership (by pricing people out). Would that an ideal state? Clearly not.
by calmbonsai | 2025-07-10 05:29:56+00:00
Did you read the section regarding the merger requirements which is quite unusual and reveals the level of control of Musk et. al (X Holdings)? This is why I brought up that particular 8k.

The ownership and board structure serve as de facto evidence of control by Musk.

There really aren't any other companies (notably in the social media sector) that have this ownership structure. Hilariously enough, by board structure and stock ownership, Trump has less control over Truth Social.
by austin-cheney | 2025-07-10 05:30:10+00:00
I was not surprised to see they chose Nevada as their backup plan. Clearly the goal is freedom from taxation. If the goal were freedom and flexibility to pursue business objectives in the face of right to work libertarianism Texas would be a better choice. Texas has lots of regulations, but those regulations tend to typically favor corporate interests towards revenue generation and cost cutting, because the goal is growth. Texas is not a business tax haven though.
by phendrenad2 | 2025-07-10 05:30:20+00:00
You're just getting confused by the article, it seems. Nowhere in the article does it make any specific claims about LS&S is "trying to get the transaction to happen", rather it makes vague begging-the-question claims that it's a "takeover attempt". It's probably a slick way to make people assume the conclusion was proved somehow, without actually doing it.

But, on another level, what in the holy name of my increasingly annoyed sensibilities are you even talking about? A contractor wants a contract? Did IBM bid on the healthcare.gov job? What did LS&S do that IBM didn't?
by dgunay | 2025-07-10 05:30:51+00:00
I'm certainly not at liberty to invite a random to cover on-call shifts for us, but here's some anecdata about things I've witness that made on-call suck.

We began with free food delivery over the weekend, and the expectation that you'd take a day off the next week ("unlimited" PTO policy). Eventually they stopped letting us do that and now the "unlimited" in our PTO policy has an invisible limit, so you can't actually do that without it counting towards the invisible limit on your unlimited PTO for the year.

Our monitoring and alerting is unusably noisy. Deviance is fully normalized. All our postmortems typically have a section stating that alerts were issued, but ignored until customers began complaining. Attempts to cut the noise down to a sane level have all been defeated by the ever present pressure to feature factory. TBF this is mostly an engineering self-own and I feel partially responsible for this outcome.

The on-call engineer does a shocking amount of manual labor to paper over bugs in the product and un-stick users who fall through the (many) cracks. It is effectively a T3 tech support rotation. We've taken steps to tone it down to mere triage and channel this into pressure against offending teams' timelines, but there's a huge amount of silent cultural resistance and no one is being held accountable when a feature increases support load. I suspect this issue alone would make most bigtech engineers quit.

For the (many) issues that require manual intervention, the on-call engineer cannot actually do anything unless 2 other engineers sign off on a PR (either to run a SQL query or to deploy some tool or bugfix to resolve the problem).

This is more specific to the product I work on, but the sheer amount of 3rd party services we rely on means that something is constantly acting up and there's not a lot we can do about it. Our API client code for each service we use typically contains _at least_ one service-specific hacky workaround to keep things running in the face of bad behavior.

The frontend team has no on-call rotation despite causing plenty of bugs on their own. Backend engineers are expected to triage what are clearly frontend problems. We stood up a lot of observability tooling for the frontend but it took years for them to even start to use it.

More than anything, it feels like the moment I stop championing the issue, everyone stops paying attention and the on-call experience reverts to the mean. Other on-call engineers just sort of stop boyscouting and let the chaos wash over them while focusing on sprint obligations (can't blame them), and leadership takes their eye off the ball to chase growth (also can't blame them). Hugely fucked lack of accountability and the buck eventually stops at whoever is the poor guy holding the pager that week.
by Aurornis | 2025-07-10 05:30:56+00:00
> Just look at health insurance companies for a prime example: they make profit by denying claims.

This has been repeated so many times that I think people don’t understand just how small the profit margins are for health insurers. Low to middle single digit percentages. As low as 2-3% in recent years, and much lower than the average S&P 500 corporation.

There are also non-profit insurance companies out there. Their rates are not appreciably different, as you’d expect after seeing how low the profit margins are in for-profit insurers.

I also think people don’t realize that countries with nationalized health care also deny procedures, have pre-approval processes, require step therapy, and will not authorize procedures they don’t believe to be medically necessary or to have enough evidence. There is no health care system in the world which will simply approve and pay for every request.

So while health insurer profit margins are convenient bogeyman, if you deleted their profits entirely from the system it wouldn’t move the needle on costs. It also wouldn’t open the floodgates for approving everything, because no health care system will allow unlimited services. The amount of excess and unnecessary care would be astronomically expensive. I do agree that we need a more robust system in place for ensuring that incorrect denials don’t happen, but health insurance profit margins are barely a blip on the overall cost of health care in the United States.

It’s a combination of high prices for services, American’s unusually high utilization of health care services, and very high rates of drug prescribing that mostly contribute to the cost. I think most Americans would be surprised to discover that a lot of nations with nationalized health care would also be restrictive in their access to many services and prescription drugs. For as much as we talk about insurance companies denying claims, Americans still get far more services and prescriptions than most of their counterparts in other countries.
by ikawe | 2025-07-10 05:31:39+00:00
https://signal.org/blog/sealed-sender/

The short version is: Traditionally, Bob needed to “log in” to be able to send a message to Alice’s inbox.

With Sealed Sender, Alice gives Bob a credential that allows him to message her from now on without logging in.

Only Alice can tell that the message she received is from Bob.

There’s some subtlety around bootstrapping these credentials and preventing abuse which means that not every message can be sent as Sealed Sender, but the vast majority are. Read the blog post for the authoritative explanation.

There’s an option in the app settings to make visible which of your messages were sent without identifying your client to the server if you’re curious.
by 999900000999 | 2025-07-10 05:31:54+00:00
Years ago I was miserable in LA, scrolling through random jobs. I just happened to apply to one in Chicago.

The moment I landed everything was great. I met a great girl almost instantly, I can’t stress enough how nicer people are when they can afford their basic needs.

Diversity?

From what popalchemist is saying you’d figure LA is the only city with non white people.

In Chicago I frequent a Slavic/Asian restaurant. They don’t do fusion, no, you get Slavic and Asian food on the same menu!

Kingston Mines! Best Jazz I’ve ever seen. Excellent food, friendly staff.

The L( metro system) is a living museum, you get to ride trains which date back over a century into the office.

It’s not perfect, I found the job scene to be a bit boring, but it’s one of the last livable cities in America.
by lewisjoe | 2025-07-10 05:32:01+00:00
This looks promising - thanks for open-sourcing this. This addresses the gap that most work happens in browsers while MCP assumes that work happens with AI clients.

I have a fundamental question though: how is it different from directly connecting my web app's JS APIs with tool calling functions and talking directly with a LLM server with tool-call support?

Is it the same thing, but with a protocol? or am I missing the bigger picture?
by lmm | 2025-07-10 05:32:09+00:00
> Given a declaration "statement" such as:

> int x;

> What is the expected action?

In a language that requires you to declare variables before you use them, it clearly does something - you couldn't do "x = 5;" before, and now you can. If you're trying to understand the program operationally (and if you're not then why are you thinking about statements?) it means something like "create a variable called x", even if the implementation of that is a no-op at the machine code level.

> I believe, in the age of type systems being all the rage, one would simply see that as a type constraint, not as a command to act upon.

But in that case by definition one would not be seeing it as a statement! Honestly to me it doesn't really matter whether "int x;" is an expression, a statement, or some mysterious third thing (in the same way that e.g. forward declaring a function isn't a statement or an expression). When we're talking about the distinction between statements and expressions we're talking primarily about statements like "x = x + 1;", which really can't be understood as a statement in the everyday English sense.

> Memory allocation... I guess? Does any compiler implementation actually do that?

Toy/research or embedded compilers do yes.
by AlecSchueler | 2025-07-10 05:32:27+00:00
North Korea is completely crippled because of the dominance of capitalist countries. The Soviet Union was also unable to escape capitalism because of its influence on global supply chains etc. It furthermore presented them with an outside factor which could dissolve their entire system if allowed to come in and flourish, forcing them into a state of semi isolationism. The same thing is true of North Korea.

Pressure from capitalism eventually lead to the USSR's collapse.

Think about it like someone with extreme immune issues who has to take multiple shots every day to avoid a certain disease. Your argument is that because they don't actually carry the disease it's not a dominant factor in their lives.
by ssuds | 2025-07-10 05:33:59+00:00
Brendan Ballou’s book “Plunder” is an excellent read about the effects of private equity across industries, if you want to go deeper on the topic. I recently had him on my podcast talking about the effects of PE in HVAC. There are quirks in each realm but the themes are common (I guess in libraries, too).

Here’s that episode if any of you are curious: https://www.heatpumped.org/p/plunder-how-private-equity-is-r...
by KingMob | 2025-07-10 05:34:11+00:00
Heh. Hickey once debated with me at length about visual neuroscience, a subject I have a master's degree in and he doesn't. At no point did this stop him from confidently asserting things.

I have to wonder if "Maybe Not" is similar, since he's not actually an expert in types, either afaik.

Alexis King wrote a partial rebuttal to Maybe Not: https://lexi-lambda.github.io/blog/2020/01/19/no-dynamic-typ...
by AlotOfReading | 2025-07-10 05:34:28+00:00
It's not just "sexual content". Take a look at any of the ban lists, like the one provided by the ACLU (https://www.aclu.org/cases/e-k-v-department-of-defense-educa...) from earlier this year. Many of the books are related to slavery, civil rights, climate change, and media literacy, and the orders banning them apply to schools on every military base around the world.
by creata | 2025-07-10 05:34:49+00:00
> As I understand it the borrow checker only has false negatives but no false positives, correct?

The borrow checker is supposed to be a sound static analysis, yes. I think Ralf Jung's comment at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44511416 says soundness hasn't been proved relative to tree borrows yet.

> Maybe a dumb question but couldn't you just run multiple implementations in parallel threads and whichever finishes first with a positive result wins?

IIUC when you're compiling reasonably-sized programs you're already using all the cores, so parallelizing here doesn't seem like it's going to net you much gain, especially if it means you're doing a lot of extra work.
by andrewinardeer | 2025-07-10 05:34:52+00:00
xAI has done an amazing job playing catch up to competitors and they have just dropped a SOTA model that outcompetes other billion dollar companies in the same space.

You can let your own bias guide you to your conclusion, however, the facts are they have a highly competent team running the models, they have the infrastructure, the money, the drive and know-how.

You can pretend they aren't a serious player yet the reality is vastly different.