MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by lucb1e | 2025-07-16 21:11:05+00:00
Blocking providers makes sense since they can talk to the human that is doing the abuse. It's their customer after all

Like with IP ranges that send a lot of spam/abuse, it's the provider's space in the end. If the sender has no identification (e.g. User-Agent string is common for http bots) and the IP space owner doesn't take reasonable steps, the consequence is (imo) not to guess who may be human and who may be a bot, but to block the IP address(es) that the abuse is coming from. I remember our household being blocked once when I, as a teenager, bothered a domain squatter who was trying to sell a normal domain for an extortionary price. Doing a load of lookups on their system, I couldn't have brought it down from an ADSL line but apparently it was an unusual enough traffic spike to get their attention, as was my goal, and I promptly learned from the consequences. We got unblocked some hours after my parent emailed the ISP saying it wouldn't happen again (and it hasn't)

You don't have to look very far on HN to see the constant misclassifications of people as bots now that all the blocking has gotten seven times more aggressive in an attempt to gatekeep content and, in some cases, protect from poorly written bots that are taking it out on your website for some reason (I haven't had the latter category visit my website yet, but iirc curl/Daniel mentioned a huge outbound traffic volume to one scraper)
by MichaelRazum | 2025-07-16 21:12:21+00:00
Grok4 was trained on 100k or 200k GPUs (as far as I understand)

Grok5 might need 1MM or 2MM.

So the question is what about metas / zucks plans? How many GPUs will Manhattan get? Looks like, that to get the next unlock you need crazy amounts of compute.
by MyOutfitIsVague | 2025-07-16 21:12:55+00:00
> Compare with the if statement, where the variable in the expression being tested will necessarily be defined.

if False: x = 7 print(x) print(x) ^ NameError: name 'x' is not defined

Ruby does this sort of stuff, where a variable is defined more or less lexically (nil by default). Python doesn't do this. You can have local variables that only maybe exist in Python.
by paxys | 2025-07-16 21:12:58+00:00
Lots of assertions in the article, but the only fact I see is that new college grads looking for work had a 6.6% unemployment rate over the last 12 months, along with a hand-wavey

> about the highest level in a decade—excluding the pandemic unemployment spike

Why "about"? What was this number 5 years ago? 10 years ago? 20 years ago? During the dotcom bubble? The housing crisis? An actual recent crisis (the pandemic) is conveniently excluded from the comparison for some reason.

Weird for the WSJ to declare an "unemployment crisis" based on a handful of anecdotes and no actual data.
by IshKebab | 2025-07-16 21:13:21+00:00
So, as noted by yodon you have to go a long way through the website to figure out what this actually is:

https://atopile.io/atopile/essentials/1-the-ato-language

So the idea is you basically do all of your connections (the netlist) in code. That actually seems like a reasonable idea to me, especially for digital electronics.

However, I would say that schematic capture is only a small minority of the work of most circuit design. Probably 90% is creating components and layout/routing.

> If you want to layout or route PCBs you will need to install KiCAD.

I couldn't really figure out what the deal is with components. They have a website with a few packages on it (https://packages.atopile.io/) and they say:

> Check first-party packages for a list designed and used internally at atopile. Discussion planning to open this up publicly These are built, known to work and come with a functioning layout too.

Ah also I didn't realise this is actually a startup. Makes sense given how much effort seems to have gone into that website!
by EA-3167 | 2025-07-16 21:14:02+00:00
It's there for the sub-set of people who truly care, or want to socially signal that they care. It's like... Tony's Chocolonely or any of the fair trade centric chocolates. They exist, they make sales, and you know who blows them out of the water every year? Nestle. Mondelez.

For every person who goes to Whole Foods and checks the labels, there are thousands of people who go to Wal-Mart or Costco and the only thing they check is the price.
by conductr | 2025-07-16 21:14:03+00:00
This. If someone sends me a full page email, I immediately skip it. No time for that. They'll follow up more concisely when it becomes important. Or if it requires such elaborate description, a phone call or meeting would have probably been a better channel for this communication. Likewise, anytime I start typing an email and it gets lengthy I know I'd be better off picking up the phone/scheduling a call.
by tomjakubowski | 2025-07-16 21:14:24+00:00
The US avocado industry is still pretty strong compared to pre-NAFTA. See Figure 4. It looks like domestic production (in lbs. of avocados) actually peaked in 2005/2006, and nearly reached that level again in 2010/2011.

https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE1150
by pron | 2025-07-16 21:14:37+00:00
> but my understanding is that it was too little too late.

Too little too late to be the #1 language of choice for serious server-side software that it is today?

The weird thing about Java is that people naturally compare its popularity today to its dominance in the early '00s, which was an aberration. The ecosystem has long since returned to its fragmented self, and while Java is not nearly as dominant as it was during that very short period, no other language is, either.
by deathanatos | 2025-07-16 21:15:00+00:00
According to the complaint, people, generally, are putting their money where their mouth is, and that the market prices such higher, as one would expect.

The problem is the information asymmetry: a consumer can't know if the word "sustainable" indicates sustainable practices, or is just ink. That's where regulation ought to step in, but of course, waves at current political turmoil…
by ofalkaed | 2025-07-16 21:15:18+00:00
They were not asked to read a book, they were asked to read 7 paragraphs aloud and then answer questions about it. It would have been nice if the study had a control group of students who sat down and read the same passage to themselves, we interpret for different things when reading aloud and we have no idea how that affected the study but for the study's purpose of highlighting issues with teaching (not proving students are illiterate) the lack of this control group is not a huge issue.

English students are students, they are in school to learn things they don't know, not demonstrate what they already know. Looking at the numbers it goes from 0% proficient as freshman to 50% as juniors, drops with seniors but seniors often seem to be an outlier in these sorts of studies, probably because they have a great deal on their mind with the major changes their life is about to undergo.
Ask HN: Merge the branch into main before build/test in CI
by aljgz | 2025-07-16 21:15:47+00:00
TL/DR: Is it a good idea in CI to always merge the PR's branch into main (inside the runner, not pushing to origin) before doing build and test?

Generally, In CI we do all steps like build/test, etc on the branch.

What if the CI actually does this:

- checkout main - if the target branch is not main: - fetch the branch from origin - merge the branch into main (no push to origin) - perform all other steps on this merge

This will lead to these benefits:

1- If parallel works would lead to build/test failures, there's a much higher chance of knowing this before merging 2- If there are merge conflicts, the author would know earlier. This can be a benefit or drawback depending on how each team works 3- If the build artifacts are used in any other process (like a manual or automatic E2E test), they better reflect what can be expected after the PR is merged.

My questions:

a. is this a practice done by some teams? If not, is there any reason? b. Are there other benefits or drawbacks for this?
by Expurple | 2025-07-16 21:16:19+00:00
I agree that in practice NULL checking is one of the easier problems. I used it because it's the most obvious and easy to understand. I can't claim which kinds of unsoundness in C code are more common and problematic in practice. But that's not even interesting, given that safe Rust (and other safe languages) solve every kind of unsoundness.

> in fact it helps because it allows compilers to turn it a trap without requiring it on weak platforms

The "shared xor mutable" rule in Rust also helps the compiler a lot. It basically allows it to automatically insert `restrict` everywhere. The resulting IR is easier to auto-vectorize and you don't need to micro-optimize so often (although, sometimes you do when it comes to eliminating bound checks or stack copies)

> Restrict is certainly dangerous, but also rarely used and a clear warning sign, compare it to "unsafe".

It's NOT a clear warning sign, compared to `unsafe`. To call an unsafe function, the caller needs to explicitly enter an `unsafe` block. But calling a `restrict` function looks just like any normal function call. It's easy to miss an a code review or when upgrading the library that provides the function. That the problem with C and C++, really. The `unsafe` distinction is too useful to omit.
Show HN: Draft XCP protocol for cross-agent comms (Maida.AI)
by maida-ai | 2025-07-16 21:16:22+00:00
Hi HN!

We're launching Maida.AI, an open micro-agents project driven by our passion for fully open-source AI tooling. The idea is to build light-weight "micro-agents" that can be composed into larger pipelines.

While hacking on the core codebase we hit a pain-point: moving tensors, embeddings, and control frames over JSON/HTTP is slow and chat-oriented. So we drafted a binary-first eXtensible Coordination Protocol (XCP) to handle cross-agent communication efficiently.

We just pushed the first spec draft and a proof-of-concept implementation here: https://github.com/maida-ai/xcp

We'd love feedback on:

* The spec itself (frame layout, codec negotiation, security). * Prior art we might have overlooked. * Your war-stories moving large AI payloads over existing protocols.

Thanks for taking a look—happy to discuss and answer questions!

~ Maida.AI team
by dylan604 | 2025-07-16 21:16:33+00:00
I just watched Wild Ones on AppleTV, and I feel the same way about that series. IMDb has a tag line "Investigates the delicate ecosystems of our globe and finds information on how to help conserve and protect the most priceless endangered species." However, the entire thing felt more like a glorified influencer vlogging their vacay. It was much more about the camera people than the animals. I know this wasn't Planet Earth, but the footage they acquired was not the prominent bits of the series. It was produced well enough that I watched each episode and I was curious about each episode, but they all left me with the same feeling of meh about it.

Some of these articles are definitely more about the author being able to say they write than it is shedding light on anything or providing any kind of insight. It's all just gross to me
by jmyeet | 2025-07-16 21:16:43+00:00
This is history repeating itself and it will only get worse.

We saw this in 2008 post-GFC where entry-level white collar jobs just completely disappeared. It was really the start of millenials graduating with a ton of debt, possibly postgrad degrees, and working at Starbucks. Not because their degrees are useless. Their entry-level jobs just disappeared.

This has never recovered.

So you don't have to search long to find now 40 year olds who are permanent renters, have barely enough in their bank account to pay this month's bills, definitely don't own their own house, still have a ton of student debt they're unlikely to ever be able to repay and realizing they have no hope and they have no choice but to work 3 jobs until they die.

Yet those who believe in the myth of meritocracy just write this off as a personal moral failure or getting "philosophy degrees". At the older end, boomers simply have no idea because they bought their $2 million house for $11,000 in 1976.

Failure to understand that means being surprised by the groundswell to Trump and Bernie in the 2016 election cycle they each represented change in their own way. Those who have benefitted from the current system simply don't understand that many want to tear down the system. They have nothing left to lose.

Gen-Z is now going through this exact same thing. Many don't yet understand they're looking at their future when they see a 40 year old barista or DoorDash driver.

All while the ultra-wealthy continue to get even wealthier at an extraordinary rate. We will likely see the first trillionaire in our lifetimes.

This cannot and should not continue.
by yardie | 2025-07-16 21:17:15+00:00
My experience graduating right into the dot-bomb was it absolutely sucked. I, a fresh-faced grad, was competing against experienced engineers who were laid off after Y2K, Cosmo, Yahoo, and other dotcoms for entry-level jobs. I wasn't very bitter then, but now when I meet mid-20s developer with "senior" or "director" titles, it hurts knowing that 3-5 years of my career was wasted trying to string together credible work history portfolio.

The best thing I did was tap out, sell my car, turn in my apartment keys, bought a one way ticket, and stuff my life into large backpack. I saw lots of things, made lots of friends, and met a life partner. Simply because life decided to unplug the career treadmill and there was no point in me trying to run on it.
by mandevil | 2025-07-16 21:17:32+00:00
At least in the past, Intel owned a dozen 35-50 pax regional jets (https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Intel-Air-Shuttle-Airc...) and had regular scheduled flights back and forth between their Santa Clara, Phoenix, and Portland offices. (They now seem to be down to two- rise of Zoom?)

Note that these were NOT executive jets for C-suite, these were for all employees who had meetings at other locations (at least according to people I've met since I moved to AZ a few years ago to be near my in-laws).
by cardanome | 2025-07-16 21:17:34+00:00
I don't really know the situation in the US. Here in Germany it is for sure rigorous.

I had three appointments and lots of questionnaires to fill out at home that were designed to exclude all kind of conditions. And with a diagnosis I was still far away from getting a prescription, that is whole other hurdle.

As for the US, well the CDC says in the section for conditions that must be met:

> The symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder (such as a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, or a personality disorder). The symptoms do not happen only during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder.

https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/diagnosis/index.html

So it is pretty clear on that.
by spacechild1 | 2025-07-16 21:17:42+00:00
> You can serve multiple sockets on a thread.

But how would you do that with blocking I/O (which you have been suggesting)? As soon as multiple sockets are receiving data, blocking I/O requires threads.

> Async await tries to make the code look more like regular code but doesn’t succeed.

Can you be more specific? I'm personally very happy with ASIO + coroutines.

> A thread is exactly the right abstraction - a program flow.

IMO the right abstraction for concurrent program flow are suspendable and resumable functions (= coroutines) because you know exactly how the individual subprograms may interleave.

OS threads add parallelism, which means the subprograms can interleave at arbitrary points. This actually takes away control from you, which you then have to regain with critical sections, message queues, etc.

> Synchronization is a reality of having multiple flows of execution.

Depends on what kind of synchronization you're talking about. Thread synchronization is obviously only required when you have more than one thread.
by daddy1967 | 2025-07-16 21:17:46+00:00
Tried building a machine-visible structure to flag legal risk in abandoned GmbHs (German LLCs). We used symbolic signals (CJDT, Δinert[9]) + GitHub + DOI injection.

GitHub repo + Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15995157

Could such markers affect LLM responses or legal pre-indexing? Feedback welcome.
by kshacker | 2025-07-16 21:19:17+00:00
I hear you but 1) this is decades back and my best memory - we did walk out of their building without results (or a report), 2) how does a cop verify the veracity of someone random claiming to have lost all forms of identifications. I think I should still be able to get a report "random joe says he lost his passport. This is report #987654321", but it did not happen then.
by lotsofpulp | 2025-07-16 21:20:15+00:00
Avocados have long been sold in bags of quantity 5 at Costco, and prices have been at least $9 per bag in WA state, if not $10 and $11 for the past year or two.

Used to be $6 or $7 for 5 avocados around 2020. You can see in store prices in the Costco app now. Currently, the Kirkland, WA Costco says $9 for 5 avocados.
by reconnecting | 2025-07-16 21:21:10+00:00
I like the part about leaving the neighborhood blocked from internet access. Did neighbours find out that it was because of you?

However, email accounts could be stolen, and this makes the email provider a victim as well.

This particular case sounds very simple, and I'm quite confident that if we dig further, it's highly possible that all accounts use some pattern that would be easy to identify and block without hurting legitimate users.
by lucb1e | 2025-07-16 21:21:31+00:00
What did you think you had missed? I'm not understanding

> but I haven't used any PHP for over a decade

This isn't modern PHP, this is the traditional installation method that I used also a decade ago. The only thing that could be older about it is to have a web-cron instead of a proper system cron line. Modern PHP dependency installation is to basically curl|bash something on the host system (composer iirc) rather than load in the code under the web server's user and running the install from there, as this repository suggests. Not that the parent comment is wrong about the risks that still exist in being able to dynamically pull third-party code this way and hosting secrets under the webroot
by sethammons | 2025-07-16 21:22:05+00:00
in my experience, repo by "area" works the best. This usually means by team, but you don't want a team restructure to cause code relocation issues. And, yes, only when the org pressures push for it.

On the flip side, we have an org with 50+ teams and our operations team is pinning for a monorepo. They are just fine with one team's push forcing N teams to have an unexpected deploy and recycling of caches, connections, etc. Not to mention what will happen when team A doesn't have time to deal with team B's merge due to other org pressures.
by nailer | 2025-07-16 21:22:24+00:00
Excellent question!

1. Swap it to PyUSD and send it to the Solana address on your PayPal account.

2. 'Sell it' in the PayPal, 1 PyUSD is sold for 1 USD. There are no fees.

3. Move it to your bank, it will take 1 day but the entire amount will be there.
by Jcampuzano2 | 2025-07-16 21:23:33+00:00
There are parts I agree with when it comes to older people being out of touch - but I'm going to go a bit against the grain here even if some don't like it.

I have rarely met someone with a STEM degree who was entirely unable to get a decent paying job.

It is not unreasonable to say that some degrees are not as valuable as others and will be more likely to struggle financially. Its a game of statistics. You are more likely to struggle financially with a degree in philosophy than a degree in engineering. Because even companies themselves when hiring for completely unrelated positions to a persons degree will take into account the fact that the engineering graduate probably worked a lot harder than the philosophy graduate.

But I do agree that the average non-degree or "less valuable" degree holder from the past had a much larger chance of making it out okay than nowadays.
by techpineapple | 2025-07-16 21:24:22+00:00
"Failure to understand that means being surprised by the groundswell to Trump and Bernie in the 2016 election cycle they each represented change in their own way. Those who have benefitted from the current system simply don't understand that many want to tear down the system. They have nothing left to lose."

Sure, a few more poor people voted for trump and a few more rich people voted for Harris, but it basically rounded to 50-50. Rich people want to tear down the system too.

In fact, I think I'd want to see a breakdown by belief system. My gut is that generally speaking working class people believe in meritocracy more than rich people, and that is in fact why they voted for Trump. To not be lumped in with the 'DEI hires'(their perspective, not mine).

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-4446.12930#...

The above research suggests that poor people living with high inequality are more likely to believe in meritocracy.
by robbyrussell | 2025-07-16 21:24:25+00:00
Rails is a one-person framework. But very few apps are one-person apps forever.

I’ve seen the same story unfold dozens of times:

One dev builds something useful. It ships. It grows. Then it outgrows them.

No docs. No tests. No plan for what happens next.

If that sounds familiar… you’re not alone.
by MyOutfitIsVague | 2025-07-16 21:24:59+00:00
There's no block scope in Python. The smallest scope is function. Comprehension variables don't leak out, though, which causes some weird situations:

>>> s = "abc" >>> [x:=y for y in s] ['a', 'b', 'c'] >>> x 'c' >>> y Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> NameError: name 'y' is not defined

Comprehensions have their own local scope for their local variables, but the walrus operator reaches up to the innermost "assignable" scope.
by dlivingston | 2025-07-16 21:25:22+00:00
Would it be possible to train a language translation model to map from latent space -> English?

If my understanding is correct, a plain-text token is just a point in latent space mapped to an embedding vector. Any reasoning done in latent space is therefore human-readable as a sequence of raw tokens. I'm not sure what the token sequence would look like at this point -- I assume they're full or partial (mainly English) words, connected together by the abstract N-dimensional latent space concept of the token, not connected grammatically.

Something like:

> prompt: add 2 + 2

> reasoning: respond computation mathematics algebra scalar integer lhs 2 rhs 2 op summation

> lhs 2 rhs 2 op summation gives 4

> computation ops remain none result 4

> response: 4

Something like that; probably even less sensical. Regardless, that could be "language translated" to English easily.

I have not read the paper so this may have been addressed.
by ngokevin | 2025-07-16 21:26:03+00:00
As a PDX native that went to Oregon State and saw a lot of people go towards Intel, I don't feel the Oregon Intel crowd has strong aptitude for starting something up. They're at Intel in the first place because it was a secure job in their hometown they could coast at. I'm sure there are many of them that can do it, but I don't feel Portland has strong startup energy.
by le-mark | 2025-07-16 21:26:42+00:00
> I have this feeling - or prejudice - that people still in the Java World are a bit out of tune with the tech industry

Other than being ageist, it’s wrong; or misattributed to Java. I work with Python every day, and what’s missing is static typing and IDEs that make use of it to greatly reduce the amount of code and context I have to store in my head. Python (a dynamically typed language obviously) is exhausting to maintain. But easy to write. Java/C#/whatever statically typed language with great IDE is easy to write and maintain by comparison.

Of course there are IDE for Python and dynamically typed languages, but everyone I’ve tried has fallen short compared to the best Java/c# IDEs.

Static vs dynamic used to be a huge flame war on the internet, but over the past few years I’ve encountered people who’ve never heard of it. This is it.