MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by sparkie | 2025-07-18 17:28:44+00:00
They're both a form of structural typing - the static equivalent of duck typing.

A difference with row types is that they don't have to be declared up front like an interface - they're basically anonymous types. You declare the row types in the type signature.

For example, a function taking some structural subtype of `Foo` and returning some structural subtype of `Bar` would be written in Go as:

type Foo interface { baz Baz } type Bar interface { qux Qux } func (x Foo) f() Bar { ... }

In OCaml, you'd just inline the row types - there are no `Foo` or `Bar`:

val f : < baz : Baz.t; .. > -> < qux : Qux.t; .. > let f x = ...

You can typedef row types though

type foo = < baz : Baz.t; .. > type bar = < qux : Qux.t; .. > val f : foo -> bar

Rows can be declared to have an exact set of members. For example, the types `< bar : Baz.t >` and `< bar : Baz.t; ..>` are two different types. The latter can have members besides `bar`, but the former can only have the member `bar`. A type containing the fields `bar` and `qux` would be a subtype of `< bar : Bar.t; .. >`, but it would not be a subtype of `< bar : Bar.t >`.

OCaml has another form of structural typing in its module system, closer to interfaces where a `module type` is declared up-front, and can be specified as the argument for a functor (parameterized module) - but this is incompatible with the row types in the object system.
by eric_cc | 2025-07-18 17:29:08+00:00
I’m not a vim and eMacs guys - or terminal guy.

Claude Code + Cursor is my setup. Claude Code is my workhorse that I use for most tasks.

For small tiny quick changes, I use Cursor in auto.

For architecture consulting I use Cursor chat with Grok 4.

Claude Code is much better at banging out features than Cursor’s Claude. And Claude itself is better than other models as a coding workhorse.

All that said: while we may all code, we are building wildly different things that have much different specific problems to solve so it doesn’t surprise me that there isn’t a universal setup that works best for everybody.
by zevon | 2025-07-18 17:29:21+00:00
I've also heared good things of this island called Audiobookbay (and there's also this useful service called Bugmenot where you can find all sorts of login credentials...)

And even if it's a bit of a hassle, I always check if there is an option to buy books/audiobooks as directly as possible from the author (in some cases you can buy content directly on the author's website, for example).
by jajuuka | 2025-07-18 17:29:29+00:00
Again, this isn't self defense. Maybe you're just not familiar with what self defense is. Self defense is not going to another country and murdering civilians en masse. Calling 60,000 deaths collateral damage is pure insanity. If China nuked HK and claimed self defense would you have the same sympathy?

It's comically to talk about International Law when Israel has so many violations that Netanyahu has a warrant for his arrest by the ICC. It's also incredibly convenient that the IDF indiscriminately bombs and shoots civilians and civilian structures and claims they were Hamas. Including journalists. The cherry on top is preventing anyone else from confirming it. The IDF has continually done this. Claimed all houses are secret ICBM sites and that all civilians in other countries are terrorists. With zero evidence and when they are proven factually wrong they say some captain screwed up and that they will investigate. Yet it keeps happening.

Every civilian in Gaza is starving and cannot get any aid at all because Israel is denying all foreign aid or distribution. These are text book conditions of genocide. I look forward to the future when these atrocities are finally acknowledged. But I have no doubt that will be after the people responsible are long gone sadly.
by rglullis | 2025-07-18 17:29:33+00:00
We vastly underestimate what could be done with a powerful browser. Ad blockers are just the tip of the iceberg.

A powerful browser could work, e.g, as the basis for any type of local-first application and we would solve 98% of the issues of social media networks by letting the browser in control of the functionality. [0] We have web browsers that can let you browse through Tor and we would get rid of data tracking. We can have a "good guy's version" of HolaVPN where people could still cooperate in the data proxying, but without the data selling part. Brave gets a lot of shit because of their crypto stuff, but if more people were seriously looking at their platform as a privacy-preserving opt-in monetization platform, we would be a far better place that we are nowadays.

We can not do any of that with an user agent that can do nothing but fetch and present text documents. We need an actual application platform.

[0]: https://raphael.lullis.net/a-plan-for-social-media-less-fedi...
by sandreas | 2025-07-18 17:30:20+00:00
I think technically MacBooks are superior. Another aspect is that most vendors support their Apps on macOS while Linux support is much less common. Software development for Apples ecosystem is also much easier on Apple devices.

In my case it is not a decision against the better tech, but more against a company that I don't want to support any more (because anti-repair). That might be really a niche tbh.

The only thing i really think is Superior on Linux is (bootable) ZFS, General flexibility and some other minor but interesting stuff (mostly security like debugging and low level networking)
by midnightblue | 2025-07-18 17:30:23+00:00
Gmail has one killer feature which is the auto-acceptance of calendar invites. to put it better yet, it will put any and all invites and invite-looking things from emails into your Calendar. you still need to mark "yes i will attend" manually. that, as far as i am concerned, is the perfect UX for this workflow. i don't wanna have to create calendar items manually, feels very previous-century.

i tried to migrate from Workspace to iCloud but dealing with the insane OSX Calendar app which not only does not put anything into your itinerary automatically but is liable to just disappear items from the Calendar randomly, put me off so much i went right back to Workspace.
by ToValueFunfetti | 2025-07-18 17:30:28+00:00
Oh, sorry, I misunderstood you. If someone is being an asshole on a mailing list, I don't think it's a free speech issue to remove them, and I took that example in context to mean you were saying all conservative gripes were non-issues like that.

>Is it so rare to see someone who genuinely cares about this stuff, not just for those who agree with me?

Yes, absolutely. I can name maybe 8, including the both of us.
by magicalhippo | 2025-07-18 17:30:47+00:00
For me it has been the reverse. I tried DDG many times over the years, but results were always lackluster, especially for local Norwegian results.

But a few years ago Google became so bad, I changed my browser default to DDG, and frankly I can count on two hands the number of times I've needed to go to alternatives since. Especially Norwegian content has gotten good enough in almost all cases.

That said, it's not perfect, there's still stuff it struggles with.
by testfrequency | 2025-07-18 17:31:20+00:00
Thanks for sharing your experience. A year is a very long time..I am also curious about the pickup options and address.

My partner will be updating their address to have mail sent to a family member’s address in the US, but we will also be living in a country that has a US embassy easily accessible.

My partner is Mexican, so as you can imagine, they almost always have awful experiences with immigration in the US.
by haiku2077 | 2025-07-18 17:31:36+00:00
> Only if they are in a paranoid state whereby LE maliciously enforces the law for any minor violation and enforces overwhelming (often illegal) responses to these infractions.

ICE operates in every state. e.g. US citizens are being jailed in California (https://apnews.com/article/us-army-veteran-immigration-raid-...)
by yencabulator | 2025-07-18 17:31:43+00:00
One theory is that interactions and collisions (all scales: gas, dust, comet, planet) are what cause the participants to align in the direction of the original net angular momentum, and the Oort cloud is just too sparse to that have happened as much.

Oort dust clumped up to comet-size objects for sure, but that tended to happen for the particles that were already roughly in the same orbit. Looking at all orbits in the Oort cloud, they remained more random.
by SAI_Peregrinus | 2025-07-18 17:31:44+00:00
My employer has Glean AI search. It's better than Atlassian's search for Jira/Confluence, and can simultaneously search Slack, Google Drive, & more tools where we've haphazardly scattered important documentation like sqwrls with ADHD.

Being better than Atlassian's search isn't a difficult hurdle to clear, but it's one of the only areas where I've seen a noticeable improvement caused by an "AI" product. Not sure the search actually uses AI or just happens to be a decent cross-product search tool, there's a separate interface to chat with it & have it summarize things so the search might not really be using the AI.
by ToxicMegacolon | 2025-07-18 17:31:58+00:00
> I would interview 10 H1B's, and then one domestic candidate

Do you ask people their visa status during interview?

If you do not ask them about visa status, then how do you know they weren't a domestic candidate? Is it a judgement based on race/skin-color/accent?

If you do ask them this question, How do you keep that information from influencing your decision in the interview?
Ask HN: Parents, what's the best AI tutor for kids?
by actfrench | 2025-07-18 17:32:04+00:00
What's the best AI tutor for kids and quite frankly, are any of them really any better than just using chatGPT or Claude or some other tool not specifically focused on kids? Would love to hear what you've tried, liked or hated. Asking because I run a homeschooling marketplace and looking for tools for our tutors and parents to use with kids. Excited to hear your thoughts!
by wallyrabbitbun | 2025-07-18 17:32:18+00:00
Hey Peter,

I'm still waiting for my family based GC to be approved. It was applied for in March 2023.

I've tried contacting my senators to see if it can be expedited but USCIS replied to say that it's still within "normal processing times" and that there is not yet an immigrant number available as my priority date is not earlier than the final action date.

I've been keeping a close eye on the USCIS Visa Bulletin final action dates and have noticed that they don't always move forward each month. I.e. there has been no change between July and August: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal/visa-law0/v...

Is this normal? Or due to the current administration?
by ciconia | 2025-07-18 17:32:21+00:00
Fourthed!

I've had Macbooks, I've had Windows laptops, and have been a happy full-time Linux user since 2020.

Windows is just impossible for anyone that cares about their digital hygiene. MacOS is slow (for software development) and there's always stuff that doesn't work.

For me Linux (plain Ubuntu) hits the sweet spot: it just works and I can do whatever I please, no ads, no walled garden.
by bob1029 | 2025-07-18 17:32:25+00:00
LLMs are terrible at brainfuck. I spent a solid week attempting to use generative models to iteratively refine BF program tapes with nothing to show for it. I've written genetic programming routines that can produce better brainfuck programs than ChatGPT can.

For example, if I prompt ChatGPT: "Write me a BF program that produces the alphabet, but inverts the position of J & K" it will deterministically fail. I've never even seen one that produces the alphabet the normal way. I can run a GP algorithm over an example of the altered alphabet string and use simple MSE to get it to evolve a BF program that actually emits the expected output.

The BPE tokenizer seems like a big part of the problem when considering the byte-per-instruction model, but fundamentally I don't think there is a happy path even if we didn't need to tokenize the corpus. The expressiveness of the language is virtually non-existent. Namespaces, type names, member names, attributes, etc., are a huge part of what allows for a LLM to lock on to the desired outcome. Getting even one byte wrong is catastrophic for the program's meaning. You can get a lot of bytes wrong in C/C++/C#/Java/Go/etc. (e.g. member names) and still have the function do exactly the same thing.
by acdha | 2025-07-18 17:32:58+00:00
None of us know what was said but I have no reason to doubt it based on the reports of his subsequent conversations with lower-level IBM executives. It probably didn’t seem like an especially consequential decision both because neither Gates nor Kildall were especially proven at that time by the standards of a Goliath like IBM and the mainframe guys were notoriously dismissive of PCs (Opel came up through S/360). I’ve seen enough nepotism not to question the plausibility but it’s especially easy to imagine people high up the management ladder at the biggest mainframe manufacturer thinking it didn’t really matter which of the toy computer operating system vendors they picked. I didn’t work in that world then (that was my dad’s generation) but even in the mid-90s when I started working in tech it was not uncommon to find mainframe people who were dismissive of PC or Unix systems as non-serious.
by kragen | 2025-07-18 17:33:11+00:00
You're right, that's smaller. I think I was confusing the DS and the "Game Boy Advance", because I was thinking of a machine with a few hundred K of RAM. The GBA is a 16MHz ARM7TDMI with 288KiB of RAM, not counting the 96KiB of VRAM; the Nintendo DS's main CPU is a 67MHz ARM946E-S, and it has 4MiB of RAM.

As for what you're more likely to find in usable shape in a hypothetical collapse scenario, it probably depends on what kind of scenario you're talking about. Certainly vastly more Chromebooks exist than Suns, but the Chromebook's SSD only has a few months of data retention, so you probably won't be able to get it to boot if it's been sitting around unpowered for many years. All the Sun SPARCs are going to be in non-working order because their IDPROM batteries will have died, but some older 68000-family Suns like the 3/60 I theoretically still have are probably okay, because their IDPROMs are actually PROM rather than battery-backed RAM.

(Of course you also have to worry about capacitors drying out.)

What's vastly more common than Chromebooks, Suns, or GBAs, though, are Flash-based microcontrollers like the AVR family and 48MHz members of the STM32 family. (You can probably salvage a couple out of the wreckage of the drone that killed your parents.) And those will probably still be in working order, unlike anything SSD-based. I don't think Uxn is a good fit for those chips.

In a multiple-centuries sort of collapse scenario you also need to worry about the retention time of the NOR Flash in these microcontrollers. Hopefully if they lose their memory you'll still be able to rewrite it, but if the manufacturers used Flash to implement some supposedly-read-only memory, they might not bother to mention it.

In the collapse scenario we're actually in at the moment, GBAs, Nintendo DSs, and Chromebooks are all immensely more expensive than such microcontrollers. That seems likely to remain true even after the PRC invades Taiwan in a few years.
by casey2 | 2025-07-18 17:33:14+00:00
Does a lion not know what it's like to be hungry? These parts of the brain are ancient. There is clearly a sliding scale in most experiences here from amoeba to fly to lion to human. Would you like to communicate with a girl who drinks tapioca milk tea? Clearly your life experiences are different so what's the point? Obviously gets harder, that's why we are discussing the possibility of using technology to make it easier.

Obviously it's impossible to communicate even 90% of human experience with lions or people with mental disabilities. But if a translation model increases communication even 1%, brings everybody up to the level of a Kevin Richardson it's a huge win E.g. A pair of smart glasses that labeling the mood of the cat. Nobody cares about explaining why humans wear hats to a lion and of course no explanation is better than being a old human who has worn hats for a variety of reasons.

I think it's unlikely you could make a LLM that gives a lion knowledge via audio only, but very possibly other animals
by hombre_fatal | 2025-07-18 17:33:56+00:00
I've yet to see that once.

Not the H1Bs at Amazon who were paid less and guilted into working weekends. Not my Mexican girlfriend who works for $50k as an oil rig chemical engineer in Houston at a company that only hires visa workers on the cheap. Not my Indian neighbors I befriended making $60k in software at Chase bank in Houston on their all-visa teams.

SLB is a good example, where I met my girlfriend. Entry level American chemical engineer: $120-150k. Visa chemical engineer imported to work on the same team in the same position: $50k. Guess which part of the pie chart grew while I worked there.

But I'm not supposed to notice any of this. And until very, very recently it was a faux pas to mention it at all.
by Spivak | 2025-07-18 17:33:58+00:00
Serious question, does anyone actually care about immigration law at this point? Because on the surface it doesn't seem to matter if you followed the law exactly or you completely ignored it if you're someone targeted by ICE. They seem to find their target and then work backwards on how to deport them. Is anyone who wouldn't normally be in the sights of an ICE agent getting targeted by some HN comment?
by epakai | 2025-07-18 17:34:15+00:00
Emergency Medicaid is provided due to EMTALA passed in 1986. There's nothing illegal about it.

Both of those sources are just bullshit propaganda. There are no 'open borders'. You're just being manipulated.

They also are really poor about citing evidence for their claims. The best thing they've got is a vague '124 percent more' with no real figures, and 'some states have pushed boundaries'.

If they want to tighten policy around what qualifies as emergency care then be my guest. The rest of this is just pushing a bullshit narrative.
by preciousoo | 2025-07-18 17:34:36+00:00
That's ~6% of the 9M. Not nothing but not a glaring amount. I'm seeing that there are 1.7M total SWEs in the US, which would bring the H1B % to 30%, assuming all are SWEs. This would make it a significant amount, not sure if it's enough to suppress wages / pass on US persons if they attempted it.

One look at the top H1B employers should stop this narrative however, because those companies do not pay near peanuts.

https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-and-studies/h-1b-employe...
by bigyabai | 2025-07-18 17:34:48+00:00
Nobody is forcing "hardcore LLM" features on anyone, besides maybe Microsoft. This is that same cope as "I'm glad Apple Car can't crash and threaten people's lives" despite the fact that... yunno, Apple really wanted to bring it to market.

Siri, sideloading and AI features all all the same way; give people options and nobody will complain.
by barbazoo | 2025-07-18 17:34:56+00:00
> Starbase, which plays a central role in SpaceX CEO Elon Musk’s mission to make life multi-planetary, is an outlier in the company and across the industry as a whole. Its TRIR topped out at 4.27 injuries per 100 workers in 2024, when it employed an average of 2,690 workers, according to the data submitted to OSHA. Injured Starbase employees were unable to perform their normal job duties for a total of 3,558 restricted-duty days, plus 656 lost-time days where injuries made them unable to work at all.
by JumpCrisscross | 2025-07-18 17:35:07+00:00
> What makes Oregon think it can enforce its law across state lines ?

It’s absolutely possible to be a fugitive in one state from another. It’s also typically quite expensive and stressful.

If I were on the other side of this fight, I’d use the opponent’s absence from Oregon courts to get civil judgements in my favour and then use the federal credit system to collect.
by nico | 2025-07-18 17:35:19+00:00
Yeah, sometimes I love it when it checks the git log and properly finds reference code for what I’m trying to implement, but other times I really want it to just do it differently and can get annoying

Other times I’ll tell it about an issue that I want to solve and it will come up with a solution I don’t want. I’ll tell it to take a different approach and it will listen for a bit, then all of a sudden just try to go back to its first approach and I need to steer it again, multiple times even

> but now I have to write a message each time to keep track of which is which

I ask it to write my commits. Usually it’s also pretty smart about which files to include based on the most recently addressed tasks. I have it run git add and git commit under my supervision

A repo Im working on, has some rather annoying hooks that check linting when committing (and aggressively modify the files to fix formatting). If I forget to manually check before committing, then I end up with a “wrong” commit containing the incorrectly formatted files, and a bunch of uncommitted files with the formatting changes. CC most of the times will see the error messages, and automatically propose the proper commands to run for undoing or amending the commit to include the formatting changes
by mardifoufs | 2025-07-18 17:35:25+00:00
But I don't get the two sides here. From what I understood, the police aren't allowed to use facial recognition. I mean at that point, why not just allow the cops to search without warrants, and do whatever they have to do to catch bad guys?

Like I can totally see the potential debate about if this type of ban should be in place. Sure! But the fact is, that's the current situation. The police can't, and shouldn't, just ignore or bypass rules if they feel like they're too limiting. The police should have basically 0 say (a part from voting) in what the rules they have to follow are.

If I start deciding to ignore laws and rules that I don't like, that would probably be a crime. So why should the police be able to do the same?
by edelbitter | 2025-07-18 17:35:53+00:00
The almost-superset relationship of the respective non-waivable human/employee/consumer rights, and the weak enforcement of a level playing ground in each market.

If you want to have competitive business both sides of the pond, the logical choice is to put the money on the American side and achieve ROI before the EU dishes out noteworthy fines for non-compliance. In maybe 10 years when you have outgrown those sums. Much cheaper/easier than the other way around: build a company in Europe and to European standards.. and then try to make it skip all the costly procedures it may legally skip when doing business with/against Americans.
by mzajc | 2025-07-18 17:35:54+00:00
Google will occasionally brick my account telling me I "didn't provide enough info for Google to be sure this account is really yours". There is absolutely nothing I can do but wait for it unbrick itself after a while, all while not being able to read any mail that comes its way. Support is completely useless.

Needless to say I decided to forward all mail elsewhere. I wouldn't touch Google for work with a 3m pole.
by OkayPhysicist | 2025-07-18 17:36:13+00:00
That comes with the territory of have the vast majority of the top universities in the world. One of the things that has kept the US as the global hegemon for the last 100 years is the fact that every other country sends their best and brightest to study here, and a significant fraction of those people stay here to work.

I agree the US could do more to take advantage of its position to benefit the average American, but torching exactly what put the country in that position is short-sighted at best, categorically stupid at worst.