MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by some_random | 2025-07-11 16:52:37+00:00
>>This is important because it implies that, under an LVT, landowners with large plots of land are disincentivized to create any improvements they make to one part of their property, as it could trigger higher taxes on nearby land that they own. For instance, if a developer owns multiple adjacent parcels and decides to build housing or infrastructure on one of them, the value of the undeveloped parcels will rise due to their proximity to the improvements.

>A problem with not having LVT is that you aren't incentivized to make improvements to land that you own. Without LVT if I'm lazy I can just build a car park on highly valuable city center land I inherited and collect fees, still making a tidy profit. With LVT I need to A) develop it to its actual potential, B) sell it to somebody who will or C) eat losses.

You're missing the point entirely. When your small business, single family home, little ranch, whatever, becomes in increasing proximity to improvements your tax goes up. If you own a big ranch and decide to split some of it off, build housing or whatever and sell, then your tax on everything goes up per LVT.
by sandreas | 2025-07-11 16:52:43+00:00
Well, first of all: I'm not trying to bash BTRFS at all, it probably is just not meant for me. However, I'm trying to gain information it is really considered stable (like rock solid) or it might have been a hardware Problem on my system.

I used cryptsetup with BTRFS because I encrypt all of my stuff. One day, the system froze and after reboot the partition was unrecoverably gone (the whole story[1]). Not a real problem because I had a recent backup, but somehow I lost trust in BTRFS that day. Anyone experienced something like that?

Since then I switched to ZFS (on the same hardware) and never had problems - while it was a real pain to setup until I finished my script [2], which still is kind of a collection of dirty hacks :-)

1: https://forum.cgsecurity.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?t=13013

2: https://github.com/sandreas/zarch
by deaddodo | 2025-07-11 16:52:47+00:00
> The ones who are clever about it never get to that stage. They don’t put up a sign saying “no foreigners,” they put up a sign saying “we speak english here,” “proud to be an american,” and etc. Confederate flags, military paraphernalia, the usual soft threats against the other.

These are going to be in places that are not heavily touristed even by other Americans. You're talking about places in the deep south; or in some survivalist community in Wyoming/Montana/etc. Not in Miami, Chicago, Los Angeles, etc.

So there's no one to complain. If someone did, they would most certainly face some legislative action.

> Foreigners in particular are going to find it very difficult to interact with our justice system. A civil rights case that goes to trial is going to take much longer than the typical tourist visa allows. It’s going to be prohibitively expensive for the typical tourist to procure the services of a skilled lawyer.

There's two cases where foreigners would complain:

A) they are on a visa, in which case they have the capability and are available to do so (and tend to be a pretty outspoken group considering the trouble they went through to get the visa in the first place).

B) they are visiting friends/family, in which case the friends/family will complain due to discrimination their loved ones faced.

You're using extreme examples to prove it could happen, because you're being disingenuous (imo). No one is doubting it could happen, racist/exclusionist stuff happens all the time. The people in this thread are saying it's not a norm, and (more importantly) that it's not legal. It's quite easy to prove a trend of discrimination, especially if your bar is clad in known racist/nationalist-adjacent paraphernalia.

Or, in other words, just ask yourself this: there are racists and nationalists in LA, SF, Denver, NY, Miami, Seattle, Dallas, etc....so, if it's so easy to skirt the legislation, why do we not find these sorts of bars in places that people actually go to versus insular communities where people are unlikely to raise a fuss?
by fossorialowen | 2025-07-11 16:52:50+00:00
Good advice in this thread. If its just you then ssh tunnels or tailscale or netbird or pure wireguard are all fine. You could use Pangolin for this and put auth in front of the web page of Keycloak using a local Pangolin site and that would be fine too. It depends on how important the security is to you and who else might want access.
Show HN: An Improvisational Web Server
by jasonthorsness | 2025-07-11 16:52:56+00:00
With Gemini Flash so fast, I wondered what it would be like for an LLM to generate web pages and images on-demand as the URLs are requested. It's been a couple of weeks now since release and there are a ton of cool examples people have created at https://ginprov.com/. I have about half of my Gemini credits left (it's not too costly) but if it runs out, it's very easy to self-host with your own Gemini key.

Some examples:

https://ginprov.com/dachsunds/

https://ginprov.com/cool-cars/

https://ginprov.com/coffee-in-a-golf-ball/

https://ginprov.com/what-is-it/
by xvedejas | 2025-07-11 16:52:58+00:00
I don't think people living in cities want this, and so it's probably not going to happen. At least not in my city, which only has about two freeways, and people keep talking about tearing more of them down. I live half a mile away from one, and the noise pollution and tire dust pollution are both noticeable.

Maybe it's great from a suburban point of view still.
by felarof | 2025-07-11 16:52:59+00:00
Also, ex-Google engineer here :) Rtrvr looks like great product too!

Definitely understand that keeping up with security patches is important. And this is an engineering challenge and not implausible to do -- Perplexity is 1/1000th the size of Google and they could be build a better product. So, "you can just do things".

We are still on day 1 of launch. We will only get better from here. And we won't be 2 people forever. We plan to hire, expand team and take on the engineering challenges.
by manquer | 2025-07-11 16:53:07+00:00
There are plenty out of band(non prompt) controls , it just requires more effort than system prompts.

You can control what goes into the training data set[1],that is how you label the data, what your workload with the likes of Scale AI is.

You can also adjust what kind of self supervised learning methods and biases are there and how they impact the model.

On a pre trained model there are plenty of fine tuning options where transfer learning approaches can be applied, distilling for LoRA all do some versions of these.

Even if not as large as xAI with hundreds of thousands of GPUs available to train/fine tune we can still do some inference time strategies like tuned embeddings or use guardrails and so on .

[1] Perhaps you could have a model only trained on child safe content alone (with synthetic data if natural data is not enough) Disney or Apple would be super interested in something like that I imagine .
by RyukuLogos | 2025-07-11 16:53:59+00:00
"Hi HN, author here. I've spent years thinking about why modern AI, despite its power, can't truly understand the world in the way humans do. My conclusion is that they are missing a fundamental principle: rhythm.

I've developed a new theory called RAIN, which posits that intelligence emerges from perceiving "closed rhythms" in sensory data. This approach unifies multimodal perception (sight, sound, etc.) through a common language and offers a new path to solving the alignment problem through resonance, not rules.

This is the introductory article, aimed at a broad audience.

For a deeper dive, here are the links: Full Theory & Docs (GitHub): [https://github.com/RyukuLogos/RAIN-rhythm-ai-model-2025-7-10] Formal Paper (Zenodo DOI): [https://zenodo.org/account/settings/github/repository/RyukuL...]
by rootingforroots | 2025-07-11 16:54:08+00:00
>I also understand that it describes a new culture, but by using the "old" names it puts a claim on something it just can't.

Italians from 2025 have as little to do with their Italian great grandparents from 1800 as Italians Americans with the same great grandparents. Clothes, habits, values, food, you name it.

>I'm very understanding of the issue that you want to cling to some roots.

Thank you for understanding but it is not clinging to roots, it is about recongizing existing roots. Humans do weird stuff all the time, many times that weird stuff can be understood by looking at who raise you, and who raised them, and so on.

>But this heritage is so far gone that it really doesn't matter anymore.

Kindly, that is not for you to say.

>But I don't like that it's becoming a "I vs them"

This saddens me too.
by GuinansEyebrows | 2025-07-11 16:54:19+00:00
> Problem is

social services aren't a problem (sorry to be pedantic but i think it's really important to recognize that these things are necessary, and we can afford them).

> most of the spending is on social services nobody is willing to touch. If you even think about touching Medicare/medicaid or SS

but the BBBA passed, with massive cuts to medicare/medicaid (which will have some insane downstream cost effects on the broader healthcare/insurance industry as a whole, which will be passed on to insured individuals).

> your own party will get rid of you

that doesn't really appear to have happened to a degree that matters yet, because these orders are coming from the top of the GOP, but i suppose we'll see when the shit really hits the fan in the next couple of years.
by SoftTalker | 2025-07-11 16:54:19+00:00
I fully agree, whirlwind "see the major tourist attractions" sort of travel where you visit someplace for a couple of days or a week is not very interesting to me.

Honestly travel in general is not very interesting to me. It's expensive, inconvenient, commoditized, cliche. But especially that sort of travel.

I can see taking a break to go somewhere warm if you live in a place with long gloomy winters. Or going somewhere to visit family, or to do something that just isn't available where you live (skiing or fishing trip or something like that). But going somewhere to just look around? Not attractive to me.
by mxfh | 2025-07-11 16:54:27+00:00
Related case in the Netherlands: if you just think all dual citizens are up for no good as the pretext a lot of law abiding people's lifes will just get upended.

If legislation, jurisdiction and law enforcement forget about basic principles and human rights in favour of looking productive, collateral damage is pretty much more or less expected.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_childcare_benefits_scand...
by andrewla | 2025-07-11 16:54:35+00:00
> Do you believe you can determine the true value of improved land

It is at least theoretically answerable. In the extreme, yes. We can simply force the sale of the land. Practically speaking, no, we cannot answer that question in a deeply illiquid market.

For the unimproved value I'm not certain that there is a consistent and useful theoretical definition that can be translated to practice. Even in the extreme the question of the unimproved value of the land becomes difficult. Were we to raze all improvements and force the sale would that give us an answer? Do we include the cost of razing? What counts an unimproved? Can we leave trees or grass?
by zdw | 2025-07-11 16:54:39+00:00
This is the correct interpretation - you get a bit longer max clockspeed due to the thermal mass (and thus more heat overall).

Is the added plastic shell case a "bandaid on a bandaid" sort of solution to deal with that heat? Absolutely. But you might want that case anyway - I've had several laptops that would have had broken screens or were yanked off a desk by an attached cable and survived by the sacrificial plastic shell taking the impact.

Like all things, it's a tradeoff to consider.
by doka_smoka | 2025-07-11 16:54:52+00:00
I have abstained from most social media since 2012, to include Linkedin. I enjoy that my friendships and social connections feel satisfying but more importantly, consensual. The decision has been to my detriment in some ways, but affirming in others - for instance, I recorded an album for my metal project. It has 200 listens on Bandcamp. Could I have more ears if I blasted shit out over X or intentionally marketed myself and the project? Of course. But do I care to? No. Social media broke its promise by degenerating into a billboard. I have no interest in contributing to that beast.
by qianli_cs | 2025-07-11 16:54:59+00:00
We considered using WAL for change tracking in DBOS, but it requires careful setup and maintenance of replication slots, which may lead to unbounded disk growth if misconfigured. Since DBOS is designed to bolt onto users' existing Postgres instances (we don't manage their data), we chose a simpler, less intrusive approach that doesn't require a replication setup.

Plus, for queues, it's so much easier to leverage database constraints and transactions to implement global concurrency limit, rate limit, and deduplication.
by fossorialowen | 2025-07-11 16:55:13+00:00
Yep thats correct. All based on wireguard-go. It is growing in what it can do now but at its core its just a Wireguard wrapper that coordinates with Pangolin to get the tunnel up. It also runs in netstack user space so it does not need kernel permissions to open a port and it's only egress is proxied out with TCP/UDP reverse proxies built in to access what is needed on the network.
by burkaman | 2025-07-11 16:55:23+00:00
Calling someone a robber means they are currently a robber. It can be inaccurate and untrue in the same way that calling someone a bartender would be inaccurate and untrue if they are a lawyer who hasn't tended a bar in 20 years.

I don't like the idea of prosecuting people for this, but I don't think it's illogical.
by cyberax | 2025-07-11 16:55:24+00:00
> You can't force people to be "better" programmers than they are by pushing standards on them.

Oh, for sure. A company can just mandate something internally, whether it's a good idea or not. But superior approaches tend to slowly win out on merit even in the wider world. Often by standardizing existing practices, like OpenAPI did.

And I believe that strict prescriptive APIs with code generation are superior. This is also mirrored by the dynamic and static typing languages. I remember how dynamic languages were advertised in early 2000-s as more "productive" than highly prescriptive C++/Java.

But it turned out to be a mistake, so now even dynamic languages are gaining types.
by dylan604 | 2025-07-11 16:55:32+00:00
The Backblaze reports are impressive. It would have been very handy to know which models to buy. They break it down to capacity of the same family of drives so a 2TB might be sound, but the 4TB might be more flaky. That information is very useful when it comes time to think about upgrading capacity in the arrays. Having someone go through these battles and then give away the data learned would just be dumb to not take advantage of their generosity.
by godelski | 2025-07-11 16:55:56+00:00
They still have it marked as unreproducible. What do you expect them to do if they can't reproduce?

So yeah, I do think more user reports can help. At worse, it will make them take it more seriously if there are more reports.

You also are falling to observation bias. You can see linked in the issue as well as by searching that there are similar issues that were resolved and marked solved. So I don't think they were just doing nothing as everyone seems to be assuming.
by ta8645 | 2025-07-11 16:56:44+00:00
You are a very small part of an unimaginably large universe; so you are not the ultimate power, ergo there is a higher power than you. Some people choose to call that higher power "God", but there's no reason to get hung up on that for yourself; it's easy to translate into your own terms without raising an objection.

"Prayer" has no universally accepted procedure, and can just be your own calm reflective contemplation. "Spiritual awakening" can be that moment when you as an atheist accept your non-central role in the universe, when you come to peace with the fact that there is a higher power than yourself, and you aren't the central character in its unfolding.

There are only "made up entities" when you demand that everything be understood in literally minded cartoonish definitions, rather than a more nuanced understanding of the world around us, and our place in it.
by nordsieck | 2025-07-11 16:56:47+00:00
> Don't want to deal with the logistics of lots of SKUs? Don't sell them. Trying to upsell people is a money move. Selling a SKU where the 80+gb OS is like 40% of the disk is a good SKU to cut.

This isn't a profitable move from Apple's perspective - they try to keep the base unit at about the same price across generations. That's what happened when they moved from 8 GB of ram to 16 GB.
by genewitch | 2025-07-11 16:56:54+00:00
article says "you can't tell when it's ground" - that is, specifically, they put lead chromate in the "buff" stage, so the roots look like they were dried properly.

In the same way that a lot of apples and the like will be buffed and then a soft wax coat applied so lots of apples are very shiny at the store.

if the turmeric is ground before sale i doubt there's any reason to use lead chromate.
by jonotime | 2025-07-11 16:57:00+00:00
Ah ok. Admittedly I dont host a media server so it sounds like Plex brings new challenges.

I would just prefer to not have to public expose a service for a single user. In my case when sharing an image server to family it has been easy enough to walk them through installing tailscale on their windows desktop that they use. I love adding friends and fam to my tailnet. It then also makes it easier to log in and troubleshoot their issues later too.

It looks like CFs solution for restricted public access is CF access controll, but thats still publicly exposed. Their non-public option is WARP, but that requires installation on the client machine. At that point your user setup is even harder then tailscale.
by jfengel | 2025-07-11 16:57:10+00:00
I wonder if that was always true.

When I think of "classical" conspiracy theorists, like the JFK assassination or the moon landings, I think of somebody who believes that they have special knowledge that most people do not have. They believe themselves to be a valiant minority struggling against an oppressive force -- one that has gotten to practically everybody except them.

I suspect that conspiracy theories have gone mainstream, and have categorically changed in the process. These beliefs aren't fringe any more. They may not be held by a majority, but they no longer need to seek out obscure chat rooms to share them. They'll be affirmed in the media, by politicians, and by many of their neighbors.
by olalonde | 2025-07-11 16:57:13+00:00
> Bitcoin is a partial solution under multiple constraints, even 1/3 of malicious nodes can undermine it. Internet backbone (BGP) should be trusted. Governments should allow it. etc.

This is wrong on multiple counts. Bitcoin's security model does not assume BGP is trustworthy, nor does it rely on government permission. And the claim that 1/3 malicious nodes can undermine it misapplies BFT theory. Bitcoin doesn't use a quorum-based consensus like PBFT, so thresholds like 1/3 aren't the relevant failure mode. Instead, the attack vector is hashrate-based, and even a 51% attack doesn't let you rewrite history arbitrarily, just temporarily reorder recent blocks.

> The on-chain Bitcoin transactions are never final.

This is misleading. Bitcoin finality is probabilistic, like nearly everything in cryptography. It's final in the same sense that cryptographic signatures are unforgeable: with extremely high probability. The six-confirmation rule of thumb reflects the difficulty of deep chain reorgs which have never exceeded two blocks in practice on Bitcoin mainnet.

> There were many more than 2-3 [hard forks]... even 2-3 are enough to show it's bad design.

This conflates implementation bugs with protocol design flaws. The forks were caused by programming errors, not bad design.

> Bitcoin is a lottery.

You could argue that Bitcoin mining is because it's is probabilistic and there's a reward. But unlike a lottery, it serves an important role: securing the Bitcoin network.

Honestly, your critique reads more like cope than a technical argument.
by bee_rider | 2025-07-11 16:57:14+00:00
Tangential, just based on a funny coincidence noticeable in the article: What do all these M’s stand for, anyway? I guess the M.2 might be inherited from the m in mSATA and mPCIe(?).

For Apple… they had A for for their cellphone chips, which vaguely made sense because they were the only chips Apple made at the time. But then, M for their laptop chips? M as in… mobile, or mini? But they use it in their Macs Pro, including their workstation-y ones…
by setr | 2025-07-11 16:57:20+00:00
The primary impetus is to enforce the constraint: a billing is either insured or uninsured. Insured has additional metadata X, Y, Z. Uninsured has additional metadata A,B,C. A billing cannot be both.

If you separate them into different insured and uninsured tables, then any tables associated with billing generally needs to be cascaded into an insured/uninsured variants as well. Billing_customer and billing_customer_details now becomes uninsured_billing_customer and insured_billing_customer and uninsured_billing_customer_details, etc.

As you add more data of this constraint, everything fragments again, scaling at 2^n tables. This is similar to the async coloring problem; what you wanted is to locally fragment the data model, but instead anything that touches it gets poisoned.

Ideally the DB would let you enforce the constraint UNIQUE(uninsured.billing_id, insured.billing_id) and split-table would suffice

I’m not seeing any top-level comments that resolve this —- other than ignoring the problem altogether (let the data model encode invalid states, handle it in app code), or switching to a different database.
Show HN: Indilingo – AI for learning any Indian language from Indian language
by Jaygala223 | 2025-07-11 16:58:12+00:00
Hi HN, Jay here. I am building Indilingo, an AI app for learning Indian languages like Hindi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Kannada and more.

It supports 14 official Indian languages at the moment and is available on the Play Store with 800+ downloads.

We're a small group of friends building this bootstrapped from Bengaluru, India and would love to get your feedback on it!

Features:

1. Real-time AI powered personalization for all lessons.

2. Custom lessons - Users can create their own lessons based on their goals.

3. Conversation practice (launching this week!) - Users can practice speaking in real-time with an AI and get instant feedback on their pronunciation.

4. Truly accessible - Users can learn any supported language from any supported language. Today, we have 180+ language combinations possible. Tomorrow it will be a thousand.

Here is the link to our website: https://www.indilingo.in

And here is the download link on Play Store: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.indilingo
by bwfan123 | 2025-07-11 16:58:36+00:00
> AI coding agents are increasingly writing the world's code and human engineers now spend the majority of their time planning, reviewing, and orchestrating tasks.

This tactic is called "assuming the sale". ie, Make a statement as-if it is already true, and put the burden on the reader to negate it. Majority of us are too scared of what others think, and go-along by default. It is related to the FOMO tactic in that it could be used in conjunction with it to make it a double-whammy. for example, the statement above could have ended with: "and everyone is now using agents to increase their productivity, and if you arent using it, you are left behind"

Glad you stood up to challenge it.