MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by cjensen | 2025-06-26 17:39:01+00:00
There are three reasonable choices: (a) return the null pointer (b) return a valid unique pointer and (c) abort().

The point of the original C Standard was to make rules about these things AND not break existing implementations. They recognized that (a) and (b) were in existing implementations and were reasonable, and they chose not to break the existing implementations when writing the standard.

This is similar to the extremely unfortunate definition of the NULL macro. There were two existing styles of implementation (bare literal 0 and (void *) 0) and the Standard allows either style. Which means the NULL macro is not entirely safe to use in portable code.
by refurb | 2025-06-26 17:39:04+00:00
The LD50 is 10x the standard dose (5 g vs 0.5 g)

And the people that have serious toxicity at 5 g are likely already sensitive due to alcohol intake, malnutrition, etc.

For a healthy, well fed human who isn’t consuming alcohol the dose that causes serious issues is closer to 20x
by vunderba | 2025-06-26 17:39:23+00:00
Using the kontext models in Fal.ai shows you a nice slider of the before and after edits and has a button that lets you set the edited image as the new source so you can continue to make changes.

Now that BFL has released a dev model, I'd love to see a Kontext plugin for Krita given that it already has one for Stable Diffusion though!

https://github.com/Acly/krita-ai-diffusion
Show HN: Fraim – A framework for using LLMs in security workflows
by travismcpeak | 2025-06-26 17:39:25+00:00
We built Fraim to help security teams harness the power of LLMs without having to worry about all the complex glue and infrastructure.

Fraim is an open-source project that provides a modular, extensible framework for easily integrating LLM-driven workflows into common security processes such as vulnerability triage, misconfiguration detection, and automated remediation suggestions.

Security teams often want the productivity boost of LLMs, but find themselves bogged down by handling API integrations, structured data management, error handling, workflow chaining, and tool integrations.

Fraim abstracts all these challenges away, enabling teams to quickly create powerful, custom workflows that output standardized SARIF reports.

Currently, Fraim supports code repositories as input, but we're actively working on additional integrations such as GitHub PRs, VSCode integration, and more. It's modular by design, so extending it with new workflows or integrations is straightforward.

We're excited to share our initial release and would welcome your feedback, bug reports, and contributions.

Check out Fraim on GitHub: https://github.com/fraim-dev/fraim
by BozeWolf | 2025-06-26 17:39:25+00:00
… if you only run a few (micro)services on a few dozen machines.

Whole enterprises run everything in the cloud. 1000s of vms. From active directory, dns, virtual desktops until “lift and shift” legacy apps. And also a lot of networking to make the company networkwork with aws…

And that is only the technical aspect of it.

Migrations take years.
by nextos | 2025-06-26 17:39:40+00:00
Yes, but it's not dramatically different from what is out there already.

There is a concerning gap between prediction and causality. In problems, like this one, where lots of variables are highly correlated, prediction methods that only have an implicit notion of causality don't perform well.

Right now, SOTA seems to use huge population data to infer causality within each linkage block of interest in the genome. These types of methods are quite close to Pearl's notion of causal graphs.
by rz2k | 2025-06-26 17:40:07+00:00
I get the impression that it sets a tone that encourages creative, more open ended responses.

I think this is the reverse of confrontation with the LLM. Typically if you get a really dumb response, it is better to hang up the conversation and completely start over than it is to tell the LLM why it is wrong. Once you start arguing, they start getting stupider and respond with even faultier logic as they try to appease you.

I suppose it makes sense if the training involves alternate models of discourse resembling two educated people in a forum with shared intellectual curiosity and a common goal, or two people having a ridiculous internet argument.
by RankingMember | 2025-06-26 17:40:17+00:00
It's not that they don't fit, it's that AI-generated images are commonly used on spam/scam sites, and thus have that inauthentic/low-effort stink to them. It casts a shadow on the rest of site that says "is any of this authentic or am I reading AI slop?". You might do better to have someone do some scribbles for you on fiverr.com imo.
Ask HN: How do we even technical interview anymore?
by jdwyah | 2025-06-26 17:40:26+00:00
I've done 100s of interviews over the years. But haven't been doing any for the past 3.

But now we're scaling, so need to figure out how to do a technical interview again. But... man, all my technical interview methods feel obsolete / inadequate. Seems pretty silly to not let a candidate use Cursor/Claude when I would 100% be expecting them to use it every day. But also if we just vibe something together it'll be darn hard to figure out what they actually know.

Looking for a process for mid to sr level.

Anybody feel like they've figured this out yet?

- "Take a look at this PR / codebase" doesn't age well, because "claude make me a powerpoint that ELI5s this codebase" is better.

- Simple coding puzzle was never very good, but at least showed they could type. All of this is just LLM fodder now, do I really care?

- Complex system debug / comprehension type questions are always hit-or-miss in my experience. I feel like any setup I do to make a tough to solve problem will be trivial for Claude, so doesn't feel authentic either.

- System design at ~whiteboard still feels reasonable / CS basics.
Show HN: AI for Automatic Music Transcription
by Carlinsa | 2025-06-26 17:40:42+00:00
We built proprietary AI models that automate music transcription (audio to MIDI and audio to sheet music notation). Looking for any and all feedback on how to improve our product. We are a team of musicians who are tech nerds and are on a mission to empower musicians worldwide to play, share, and learn the songs they love.
by mariano54 | 2025-06-26 17:41:43+00:00
Some random tips which could help you

- Don't go over 10k tokens in the prompts as the intelligence and memory degrades

- Summarize sessions and save the summaries, potentially summarize the summaries as well

- use VAPI or realtime api if you want to build fast. Building the full pipeline takes a while

- try out different models and see how personality varies. Our favorite is gpt4.1 with temperature 1.

- goal system. The promot should always contain the current goal, and the next goal. Evaluate goals with another LLM, and dynamically change the prompt
by blurbleblurble | 2025-06-26 17:41:45+00:00
I bumped into this at work but not in the way you might expect. My colleague and I were under some pressure to show progress and decided to rush merging a pretty significant refactor I'd been working on. It was a draft PR but we merged it for momentum's sake. The next week some bugs popped up in an untested area of the code.

As we were debugging, my colleague revealed his assumption that I'd used AI to write it, and expressed frustration at trying to understand something AI generated after the fact.

But I hadn't used AI for this. Sure, yes I do use AI to write code. But this code I'd written by hand and with careful deliberate thought to the overall design. The bugs didn't stem from some fundamental flaw in the refactor, they were little oversights in adjusting existing code to a modified API.

This actually ended up being a trust building experience over all because my colleague and I got to talk about the tension explicitly. It ended up being a pretty gentle encounter with the power of what's happening right now. In hindsight I'm glad it worked out this way, I could imagine in a different work environment, something like this could have been more messy.

Be careful out there.
by LorenPechtel | 2025-06-26 17:42:20+00:00
You realize that a lot of stuff they were sticking on tanks was to defeat the Javelin?

You simply can't put a big enough warhead on a man portable missile to defeat the main armor of a modern tank. Thus you do not actually want to hit the tank--the purpose of the Javelin is to fly *over* the target tank, when it's overhead it's warhead detonates, firing an explosively formed projectile down into the *top* armor of the tank. Those cages were meant to keep the Javelin from getting to the right spot to do that.
by ejstronge | 2025-06-26 17:42:47+00:00
> SOTA seems to use huge population data to infer causality within each linkage block of interest in the genome.

This has existed for at least a decade, maybe two.

> There is a concerning gap between prediction and causality.

Which can be bridged with protein prediction (alphafold) and non-coding regulatory predictions (alphagenome) amongst all the other tools that exist.

What is it that does not exist that you "found it disappointing that they ignored"?
by trod1234 | 2025-06-26 17:42:59+00:00
You'd have to first properly define 'vaccine' objectively.

Opposition occurs because of negative outcomes, and adverse risks where existing establishment incentivizes deception.

Taking the opposite of your argument, is there any level of transparency possible where you would accept a vaccine for a disease that won't kill you, where taking that vaccine may sterilize you, or debilitate you. Is opposition the point? Opposition to what exactly?

Please be specific so we can know what you mean.
by notepad0x90 | 2025-06-26 17:43:04+00:00
I suppose having some sort of minimum granularity for the MMU makes a lot of sense, but above that point, why limit the "steps" or the maximum? why not 4KB+2 for example (4098)? For the sake or discussion, let's say I have 128GB ram and 50TB page file, can that work? Why is a fixed-size page more efficient, is it because of offset calculations being simpler arithmetic operations? I figured the TLB is (or can be) a simple (large) table implemented in hardware, the simplicity translating into O(N) complexity. I am suspecting it might have to do with hardware cost?
by bluefirebrand | 2025-06-26 17:43:13+00:00
> I think what the author misses here is that imperfect, probabilistic agents can build reliable, deterministic systems

That is quite a statement! You're talking about systems that are essentially entropy-machines somehow creating order?

> with the result being that test-driven development gains even more momentum

Why is it that TDD is always put forward as the silver bullet that fixes all issues with building software

The number of times I've seen TDD build the wrong software after starting with the wrong tests is actually embarassing
by georgeecollins | 2025-06-26 17:44:03+00:00
I think having kids before you are 30 is fine, but we had our second kid when my wife was 36 and it was also fine. I think when you get in your forties as a man or late thirties as a woman it can be tougher.

Also, adopt. Before I was a parent I thought of a child as "mine" because of biology. Really you see that you shape people and form a connection with them because they are part of your family.
by rsync | 2025-06-26 17:44:48+00:00
"If you want to run your home loads, the cheapest/simplest way (without going grid-tie) is to have an electrician add a critical loads panel supplied by your inverter output ..."

No, that's actually not the simplest.

Far simpler is to install a solar breaker in your main panel and a physical lockout[1] between utility power and the new solar breaker.

There is no ATX, there are no smarts, the power goes out and you flip two breakers. There is nothing simpler than this.

The beauty of this is, you can keep scaling up your solar generation, adding panels as the years go by, and you are never locked into these ridiculous "preferred breakers" sub-panels.

Will you have to be smart about your total power use while you are on solar ? Yes, you will - just don't run the dryer and the microwave at the same time.

[1] https://www.amazon.com/QYZZRS-Generator-Interlock-Compatible...
by commandlinefan | 2025-06-26 17:44:51+00:00
> return a valid unique pointer

A pointer to what, though? If the requester asked for 0 bytes of memory, you'd either be pointing to memory allocated for another purpose (!) or allocating a few bytes that weren't asked for.

> This makes people unhappy for various reasons

I read through all the links trying to figure out what those reasons might be and came up empty, I'm still curious why anybody would expect or rely on anything except a null pointer in this instance.
by jonathanlydall | 2025-06-26 17:45:17+00:00
I got a solar system installed at end of 2022 due to working from home and the large amount of load shedding South Africa was having at the time. Was absolutely justifiable for me:

https://imgur.com/a/hXeVAGr

(Worth noting that during load shedding only a subset of people are turned off depending on the stage of load shedding, but on average I experienced about 25% of those totals)
by jazzyjackson | 2025-06-26 17:45:30+00:00
You're not catching on. It's not the trust in the technology, it's the trust between people. Consider business dealings between entities that do not have high trust - everything becomes mediated through lawyers and nothing happens without a contract. Slow and expensive. Handshake deals and promises kept move things along a lot faster and without the expense of hammering out legal arrangements.

LLM leads to distrust between people. From TFA, That concept is Trust - It underpins everything about how a group of engineers function and interact with each other in all technical contexts. When you discuss a project architecture you are trusting your team has experience and viewpoints to back up their assertions.
by MattSayar | 2025-06-26 17:45:41+00:00
I used Anthropic's new Claude API integration with artifacts to make a probably-worse version that you can play with (after logging in of course).

https://claude.ai/public/artifacts/eb7d8256-6d21-4c85-af9b-c...

I used this GitHub repo as context and Claude Opus 4 to create this artifact
by LorenPechtel | 2025-06-26 17:45:49+00:00
And the reusable drone has a serious battlefield limitation that it's extremely vulnerable while positioning to drop it's munition. Very good against something that can't defend itself (we have a lot of video of them dropping stuff into tanks that the crew bailed out of for some reason), but the cost mounts quickly if a soldier with a shotgun can engage it.
by Spooky23 | 2025-06-26 17:45:55+00:00
Hims just outsources fulfillment to a compounding pharmacy. Usually they add vitamin B-12 to make it "customized". Are they crushing rybelsus? Getting raw materials through some mysterious supply chain from Ukraine, China or Israel?

You have no idea.

On the flip, I think access to basic drugs for stuff like ED, hair loss, etc is fine. But they also do stuff like off-label anti-depressants, etc can potentially be dangerous... but at the same time, people are going to urgent cares and getting antidepressants with just more cost and friction.
by Capricorn2481 | 2025-06-26 17:46:41+00:00
Is it? It just seems like a really small frontend to chat directly with Claude with limited yes/no/maybe options. And in true non-determinstic fashion, it will even ask you questions that can't be answered with yes or no, which completely ruins the game. Likely because it's just Claude with a couple sentences of a system prompt.

We were saturated with low effort wrappers like this years ago, I don't see how this is a game changer. Akinator worked better than this in 2008.
by traceroute66 | 2025-06-26 17:46:44+00:00
> Nearly all the smaller countries would waive even up to a minister-counsellor’s immunity in that scenario.

Sadly, if the UK's experience is anything to go by, if it is a US government worker / diplomat they would be on the first plane home[1].

I fear it would be no different in Japan. The US would get away with it. Even more so in the Trump era where he would probably make some dumb threats to the country to force their hand.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Harry_Dunn
by Tadpole9181 | 2025-06-26 17:47:09+00:00
A DoS bug is not important for almost anyone. You probably aren't targeted, you probably sanitized correctly anyway, there's not a huge impact potential anyway.

But a hospital? A bank? A stock broker? Some part of the military's stack?

Context is important, and what is innocuous to you may kill someone or cost millions if exploited in the wild elsewhere.

It would be profoundly difficult for a machine or a convention to understand everyone's context and be able to frame it correctly, so it's left to the developers to review what the security issues are and act accordingly.

I do agree the system should be improved and there's a lot of spam, but your blasé attitude toward what is or is-not a security issue seems off the mark.
by tgtweak | 2025-06-26 17:47:18+00:00
I keep seeing these "grid synchronizing" inverters that don't require transfer switches and can generate to offset the energy pulled from the grid - in the event of a full grid outage, you can always manually hit the disconnect and run the home - provided the load doesn't surpass the generation capacity (or storage capacity if running with batteries).

It seems like this hasn't really made it's way into North America, which is unfortunate as it would lower the barrier of entry for home solar considerably vs traditional grid-tie/net metering which requires a ton of permits, electricians, meter changes, disconnects (or transfer switches) and generally lots of delays and cost.

I would be very curious how the "migrogrids" interconnect in PR - it seems there is some kind of synchronization and neighborhood-level disconnects to isolate from the shared grid.
by trhway | 2025-06-26 17:47:48+00:00
doesn't scale well. The amount of air entering is proportional to square - cross-section - while the mass of rocket is cubic. While scramjet/turbojet/air-augmentation, say as a separate detachable stage, can be pretty efficient for smaller rocket, anything making significant improvement for say Starship would looks like a fat monster cross-section-wise with tremendous hardware cost and weight loosing outright to the straight option of adding additional tanks and rocket engines.

Wrt. aerospike engine - sounds nice, yet hardware wise it is heavier than the classic engine, and just look at that large number of pieces - just all those small mini-engines - it is made of and compare to Raptor 3. And for the optimal expansion - i'm waiting somebody will add a dynamically adjusting telescopic kind of end section to the classic bell nozzle.

A napkin to illustrate. Lets say you add a Raptor and 80 tons of fuel plus oxygen for it. That will give you 100 seconds of excess impulse of at least 160 tons (240 ton of thrust minus 80 tons) at the beginning to 240 tons at the end, so roughly 100 seconds of 200 tons. To get 200 tons thrust you'd need 20 fighter turbojet engines capable of at least Mach 3 - that is cost, complexity and weight dwarfing that one Raptor engine.

For scramjet, assuming we got a decent one, napkin is about the same. The best, my favorite, is air-augmented - scram-compress the air and channel it on the outside of the hot bell nozzles of the already working rocket engines - unfortunately the scaling mentioned above comes into play for meaningfully sized rockets though it has worked great for small ones.
by krisoft | 2025-06-26 17:47:57+00:00
> and those are far easier to game than physical measurements like wind speed or whatever.

I’m not so sure about that. I bet that we could tamper with an anemometer somewhere out in a field. Easiest is to put brushless motor with a propeller next to it and blow propwash on it. More technically difficult is to tamper with the signal between the sensor and the station, or MitM the station.

If you are careful and only modifying the measurments when the weather is already crummy they might not even suspect.
by duskwuff | 2025-06-26 17:48:02+00:00
"X11SSH" is a Supermicro motherboard [1] with a (fairly common) Aspeed BMC implementing IPMI. (It has nothing to do with X11 or SSH - the name is an unfortunate coincidence.) The UART that is being accessed here is a debug UART for the BMC, which also runs Linux.

[1]: https://www.supermicro.com/en/products/motherboard/x11ssh-f
by angadh | 2025-06-26 17:48:04+00:00
analyzed Starcloud’s whitepaper (a fun read!) claiming a 40 MW orbital data center could be launched for $8.2M in a single Starship flight. Using ISS-proven solar and radiator systems as conservative baselines, the same system requires: * ~400 tonnes of solar arrays * ~900–1100 tonnes of radiators

Total launch mass exceeds 1,700 t — or 17–22 launches, not one. At realistic $500–$1,000/kg launch costs, that’s $850M–$1B, not $8M.

This doesn’t invalidate the concept of space-based computing — but it does suggest the near-term economics need major revision unless radiator mass drops by 10×. Solar array deployment mechanisms face similar hurdles.

(Note: The draft is still rough and slightly repetitive — I’ll be cleaning it up further soon. Feedback welcome.)
by kasey_junk | 2025-06-26 17:48:23+00:00
You will be shocked to learn that account updater is extremely popular. The reason is that it keeps subscriptions (and more importantly bills) that people want paid even when the credit card company needs to reissue a card number.

Your card number is not the abstraction for preventing charges you signed up for from getting charged, that’s what cancelling the subscriptions are for. And if you have evidence of that a dispute(usually an email to customer support is enough to do that).

You are using the wrong tool for the job and getting upset that it doesn’t work they way you want it to.
by lucb1e | 2025-06-26 17:48:50+00:00
If you let good old spam bots loose on a forum, it will outnumber legit messages ten to one easily. If someone uses an LLM to argue about certain topics, that's not spam. It's manipulative, and clearly abusive if there is no human in the loop, but there's no commercial message they're spreading, or at least I'm not seeing any 'buy xyz here <link>', nor off-topic messages

Then again, I noticed a few years ago in a previous "when to report as spam" discussion on HN that this is a lost cause. People will label things they signed up for as spam because they didn't want to receive it anymore, and others defended that behavior. Abuse and manipulation might as well go in that same category of "anything I don't want to read == spam", just know that when you say "spam", there's some people like me who will understand what it used to mean and try to interpret the message as referring to things such as the stereotypical viagra spam
by joshdavham | 2025-06-26 17:48:52+00:00
That's exactly right.

Much of the beginner videos make use of visual hints like you say (images, props, etc), and none of these were taken into account in my analysis.

I do think it could be cool to do a 'visual' analysis of CI in the future where you attempt to measure how much context is present (or not) in each video and see what insights you could draw from that.
by nfriedly | 2025-06-26 17:49:08+00:00
I know this isn't what you're asking about, but my electric company has a budget billing program where they average out your usage and charge you the same amount each month.

I use it mainly so that I can set it up and with my bank's bill pay system and then forget about it for a year. But it's also nice for avoiding those huge bills in the summer.

It might be worth looking into.