MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by HK-NC | 2025-06-24 15:20:30+00:00
>One of the key arguments experts made is that the rise in time spent on smartphones and gaming devices is being driven not just by the ubiquity of screens themselves, but by the loss of alternative ways and places for children to play.

Really? I grew up smashing rocks with hammers, throwing rocks, putting insects in boxes and watching them interact, digging holes, climbing anything climbable. Perhaps the screens are just killing imagination and offering too good an alternative.
by benmanns | 2025-06-24 15:21:43+00:00
IMO the game is to get the highest credit score while spending the least on credit. That way if you e.g. need to acquire housing, a reliable vehicle, business loans, even employment or insurance, you will be able to and can get a good deal. Sure, paying nothing saves you money, but it also costs you the opportunity cost between what you could earn/save by utilizing credit vs waiting months to years to save up and pay cash.
by toast0 | 2025-06-24 15:21:48+00:00
> As the internet gets more users and more devices connected, the ratio of DDoS volume to a single connections volume will only get larger.

I'm not sure if that's the case. Large volumetric DDoS records have been increasing, but connection bandwidths have also been increasing.

7 tbps is a lot of traffic, but it only takes 7,000 nodes with 1G symetric connections to do it. Botnet sizes don't seem to be getting that much bigger.

The basic solution to volumetric DDoS is to get a bigger pipe; this works, kind of, but it's hard to get 7 Tbps of downstream capacity, and you need to be careful that you don't become a 7 Tbps reflector.

The more scalable way is using BGP to drop traffic before it gets to you. Depending on your relationship with your hosting facility and their ISPs or your ISPs, it's often pretty easy to get packet to a given IP dropped one network before yours. Ocassionally, those blocks could propagate, and things like BGP Flow Spec promise more specific filtering... dropping all packets to an attacked IP mitigages the attack for the rest of the IPs on the path, but dropping all UDP to an attacked IP might get all the attack traffic and let most non-attack traffic through... More specific rules are possible if you wanted to try to let DNS and HTTP/3 survive while being attacked.

To work against a 45 second attack, BGP based measures need a lot of automation.
by bee_rider | 2025-06-24 15:22:13+00:00
Sorry, I think I was unclear. In your follow up post, you said, initially you said political choice, but actually now you mean ideological. Is there a meaningful distinction between political, and ideological, in this context?

Like if you moved to Saudi Arabia, and the motivating concern was ideological rather than political… I don’t know, what’s the difference? Is it a big picture vs little details thing?

I bet the reasons for the move were: ideological, political, lifestyle (maybe they have better weather and nicer cities)—moving countries is a big decision.
by RankingMember | 2025-06-24 15:22:25+00:00
I think it's very easy to Monday morning quarterback administrative decisions about COVID-19 mitigation now that we're past it, when, at the time, we had very little information which led to a ton of hysteria. I'm not going to relitigate the COVID-19 pandemic response, but I will say I don't think it was inconsistent or ill-advised at all to err on the side of following national health guidance in an emergent situation like that. Even from a purely legal/lawsuit-aversion standpoint, you'd ignore federal guidance/mandates at your financial peril.
by palata | 2025-06-24 15:22:48+00:00
I use /e/OS without the Google Play Services. I don't use any app from the FAANGs, and /e/OS uses a custom location service and blocks thousands of trackers.

Surely that's better than "nothing", isn't it?

GrapheneOS is more secure, but you're talking privacy here. With GrapheneOS I could run the Play Store or Google Maps in a sandbox, but it would probably not be better than not running them at all, would it?
by ben_w | 2025-06-24 15:23:18+00:00
In addition to the other answers, I'd like to add that the Schengen area, the EU, and the Eurozone are all technically separate, none is a subset of one of the others:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Supranational_Europea...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schengen_Area

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone

Ireland and Cyprus are in EU & Eurozone but not Schengen; Poland, Hungary (and more) are in EU & Schengen but not Eurozone; Switzerland is in Schengen but neither EU nor Eurozone; Montenegro and Kosovo are in the Eurozone but neither the EU nor Schengen.
by grues-dinner | 2025-06-24 15:23:28+00:00
> I still think it would be better if we were to go the way of modular systems.

Modularity can be expensive, though. The unused IO soaks up pins and pushes you to bigger packages and up the SOIC/QFP/QFN/BGA chain. You add multiplexers and transceivers and buffers and so on. The traces take board space and layers and the connectors cost a big chunk of the BOM. Separate modules add SKUs and manufacture, assembly and inventory overhead, and the offboard interfaces take space, power and time.

Whenever you have any appreciable volume, it's almost always cheaper to integrate and demodularise, even before you consider the physical size and form factor of the device.

Otherwise all embedded systems would be made of dev boards wearing a hat. Now, yes, there are many systems that use something like a RPi Compute Module or a TI ControlCard, but once you crack a certain volume, it's an easy cost optimisation to "flatten" it into a single PCB.

And the one thing you do not want from designing around a module is the possibility that the supply of surplus OldPhone X3 mainboards or whatever dries up in two years and it turns out the new generation of modules are just a bit different.
by kbolino | 2025-06-24 15:23:28+00:00
Not all malware is ransomware.

"They" will absolutely push more locked down computers, indeed this has become the norm in many areas of computing already, like smartphones, tablets, and video game consoles. For that same regular user, though, this is irrelevant: they're never going to install a different operating system.

A computer once compromised by a bootkit is also e-waste. It can never be trusted again. Now, I think an argument can be made that Secure Boot as implemented on most PCs isn't enough to truly protect against bootkits, but that just leads us to even more aggressive ways of locking people out of fully controlling their own computers.

Ultimately, Microsoft (and any PC O/S vendor that might supplant them in the future) will be expected by enterprises, judges, legislators, average home users, etc. to take responsibility for exploitation of "their" systems. Computers connected to the Internet 24/7 cannot rely on end-user discretion alone, and the effectiveness of such discretion varies widely anyway.
by wglb | 2025-06-24 15:23:47+00:00
I can tell many stories about the giant spreadsheets. The larges of them has near 1000 rows. And if you have a lot of security-conscious customers, you will get a lot of them. And they supposedly all cover the same topics, but they all divide the topics up differently. Thus, the hope of generalizing a pool of answers is defeated.

Getting a well-designed SOC2 will help some of this. If you are in an industry with a lot of regulation, your customers will ask or insist on getting ISO 27001. That is a substantial amount of work.

So if you have both, the spreadsheets won't totally go away, but it will reduce the load.
by whstl | 2025-06-24 15:23:49+00:00
With SMTP there are services who provide a list of malicious servers so that they can be blocked at the receiving end.

I wonder if this would work in reverse, having a standardised, automated protocol that allow providers like Cloudflare to notify upstream networks of attacks in real time, so malicious traffic can be blocked closer to the source.

Genuinely curious, I'm not an expert in low-level networking ops.
by pimlottc | 2025-06-24 15:23:57+00:00
These are two separate strings. You can see in the hexdump that the character between them is not a space (0x20) but an unprintable control character (0x1D). The article refers to these as "Pascal strings". Unlike C-style strings, they are not null-terminated, but instead are length-prefixed [0]; the first byte of the string stores the length of the string.

So you can see that "The Team" is indeed a single string, starting with the length of 8 (encoded as 0x08), followed by the string "Break at Event Match - Native" with length of 29 (encoded as 0x1D)

0: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25068903/what-are-pascal...
by Scene_Cast2 | 2025-06-24 15:24:01+00:00
I realized that with tokenization, there's a theoretical bottleneck when predicting the next token.

Let's say that we have 15k unique tokens (going by modern open models). Let's also say that we have an embedding dimensionality of 1k. This implies that we have a maximum 1k degrees of freedom (or rank) on our output. The model is able to pick any single of the 15k tokens as the top token, but the expressivity of the _probability distribution_ is inherently limited to 1k unique linear components.
by jbuch | 2025-06-24 15:24:19+00:00
Total cost is roughly $110 USD, but there are a couple caveats to that price:

- some parts are sold in multiples, so you'll have to buy several even if you only need one for the build - I ordered the electronics from JLCPCB where the minimum order quantity is 5 (minimum assembled is 2). At a quantity of 5 assembled, the LED board is ~$12/board and the mainboard is ~$41/board. If you're comfortable with SMD soldering, you can order bare PCBs and parts and do it for much cheaper by assembling only one of each board. You can find some more details here: https://oasis-terrarium.com/docs/electronics/#how-to-get-them. And a history of my JLCPCB orders including costs here: https://oasis-terrarium.com/docs/electronics/#pcb-order-history

With those caveats in mind, the rough breakdown is:

- custom electronics: $53 - 3D-printed parts (~600g of PETG): $12 - other parts: $46

As for build time:

- acquiring/assembling electronics: this can vary a lot depending on whether you buy assembled or do it yourself - 3D-printing: depending on your printer, maybe 2 solid days of printing - waterproofing 3D-printed parts: takes ~15 minutes to do and 24hrs for the epoxy to cure - final assembly: 30-60 minutes
by infogulch | 2025-06-24 15:24:25+00:00
Could prompt tools like this use TUI-style features to edit the displayed prompt after releasing it back to the user? So if kubectl, git, or aws cli takes 200ms to finish it doesn't matter, the data from the output of these commands will appear a few moments after the prompt has been released to the user, so the user doesn't feel like they're waiting for the prompt to be ready.
by soulofmischief | 2025-06-24 15:24:39+00:00
> How long do you think Homo sapiens have been on Earth and how long has civilization been here?

I already corrected my typo in a child comment.

> We’re basically brute forcing the scale up here

Currently, but even that will eventually hit thermodynamic and socioeconomic limits, just as single chips are.

> And computer science might be older than you think. We just used to call it logic.

In my opinion, two landmark theory developments were type theory and the lambda calculus. Type theory was conceived to get around Russell's paradox and others, which formal logic could not do on its own.

As far as hardware, sure we had mechanical calculators in the 17th century, and Babbage's analytical engine in the 19th century, and Ada Lovelace's program, but it wasn't until the mid-20th century that computer science coalesced as its own distinct field. We didn't used to call computer science logic; it's a unification of physical advancements, logic and several other domains.

> Electrons can only travel so fast.

And we have no reason to believe that current models are at all optimized on a software or theoretical level, especially since, as you say yourself, we are currently just focused on brute-forcing innovation as its the more cost-effective solution for the time being.

But as I said, once theoretical refinement becomes more cost-effective, we can look at the relatively short history of computer science to see just how much can be done on older hardware with better theory:

>> Even if physical breakthroughs ceased or slowed down considerably, there is still a ton left on the table in terms of software optimization and theory advancement.
by OptionOfT | 2025-06-24 15:24:48+00:00
I remember leadfree solder. I ordered an Nvidia 8800GT at that time and it was significantly delayed because of failures.

The fix back then was to bake your GPU in the oven for a while, essentially reflowing some of the cracked solder.

And I know of countless BMW M3s and M5s dying too soon because of early iterations of lead-free bearings.

I understand the toxicity of lead, but I wonder if the hand could've been more targeted. Does lead in bearings really show up in the environment?

The origin of the capacitor plague is so interesting:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_plague

> A 2003 article in The Independent claimed that the cause of the faulty capacitors was due to a mis-copied formula. In 2001, a scientist working in the Rubycon Corporation in Japan stole a mis-copied formula for capacitors' electrolytes. He then took the faulty formula to the Luminous Town Electric company in China, where he had previously been employed. In the same year, the scientist's staff left China, stealing again the mis-copied formula and moving to Taiwan, where they created their own company, producing capacitors and propagating even more of this faulty formula of capacitor electrolytes.

Stolen and stolen again.
by bonoboTP | 2025-06-24 15:24:53+00:00
This definitely happens. It's like giving cheap loans to young couples who are having their first child, which was introduced in Hungary. But without more available housing, the market simply prices it in that suddenly people are able to pay more using this cheap credit, and supply and demand just makes it settle at a higher price.

Credit is basically a loan from the future. Except that's obviously impossible. Time travel doesn't exist, so it's just economic fiction. In the end the math has to add up in terms of real material goods and services right now. People can only reshuffle the goods among themselves, any trade with the future may be a useful fiction to simplify accounting but is obviously just fiction.

This is a bit like saving money for your retirement. It's a fiction. If there aren't enough young people working as nurses to put you in your diapers, then there simply aren't. A pensioner is not using the goods that they made decades ago. Their work dissipated there and then, and now decades later the only value they can consume is the one generated in real time by the actually existing working population.
by pm215 | 2025-06-24 15:24:56+00:00
Yeah. I think the "signed case" also has some distinctions compared to a typical software easter egg:

- the effects of it are clear

- there's basically no chance of unexpected side effects (I suppose in theory it could structurally weaken the case if the signatures were carved too deeply...)

- if a user stumbles upon it the intention is pretty clear and obviously harmless

- it's not something that might get snuck in without approval of senior management, because it's not hidden in that sense, so there is a limiter on how many of them accumulate and how complicated they might get

which help to explain why you might by policy forbid software easter eggs while still being an advocate for "signing your work".
by beej71 | 2025-06-24 15:25:04+00:00
We don't live in such an area (we live in the high desert), but a lot of people around here have lush, green, watered lawns. It's the opposite of the places where people have to fight encroaching plants. :)

About 6 years ago we let our lawn die off (it was at it's EOL anyway; the soil beneath was sand). We replaced part of it with rough pavers spaced 2-3 inches apart and we let the grass and whatever else grow in the spaces, and keep it mowed. It's not as nice as a lawn, but it's greenery. I do have to water it, but it takes a tiny fraction of the amount a lawn would take. The hypothesis is that the pavers prevent evaporation, trapping the moisture in the soil.

I was inspired by the hearty, unwanted plants that would always manage to grow between the pavers with zero water.
by frollogaston | 2025-06-24 15:25:17+00:00
I'm not sure what it does because it's impossible to Google this, but I was able to make a 32-bit bottle and run 32-bit Windows programs on my Apple Silicon Mac of all things using PlayOnMac's "32on64" Wine builds. Like, Steam and GTA IV both ran.

This means ironically my Mac is more compatible with old Windows software than old Mac software.
by gobblegobble2 | 2025-06-24 15:25:54+00:00
The delay is certainly frustrating. I use a patched version of kitty terminal that moves starship prompt to the bottom of the window, similar to vim and emacs. Since modeline updates are asynchronous, the shell prompt is very snappy even in big git repos. The downside is that you have to patch kitty and I never bothered to test my personal pet project on anything else than Linux.

https://github.com/mbachry/kitty-modeline
by IlikeKitties | 2025-06-24 15:26:39+00:00
> Has nothing to do with rudeness. And "deconstruction" was rather narrow mindedness, that is locking GrapheneOS to corporation made phones.

Corporation made phones as opposed to organically grown phones?

Again, no one is locking down GrapheneOS you can literally download the source and try to get it to run on any device you like. You just want someone else to do the work for you because you lack the skills and it's not available for the particular phone you want.
by nwellnhof | 2025-06-24 15:26:47+00:00
In the last years, many of the smaller German hosting companies were acquired by larger corporations. Netcup is owned by Anexia (Austria) now, Contabo was acquired by KKR (US), Hosteurope by Godaddy (US). If you're looking for hosting in the EU, you probably also want to avoid US-owned providers.
by Waterluvian | 2025-06-24 15:27:04+00:00
These Easter eggs really give an “early desktop PC era” vibe to it all. It’s very human and connects you to the fact that you’re using something that people with faces and names made. Back when these were passion projects by a bunch of hardcore nerds.

But they’d rather you not really see through the product abstraction layer anymore. The Product People want to control the full image of the product and it’s just safest to de-humanize it in case that list is too big or people on that list become undesirables or whatnot.

I’m thinking about what this might look like today. Maybe a neat Easter egg in my iPhone that every time I activate it, it shows me a few people at random who played a role in development. I’d love it, but I imagine this would offend the high tastes of the Product People.
by ChrisMarshallNY | 2025-06-24 15:27:37+00:00
…or the support.

F’rinstance, get a Chinese webcam, and find the latest download.

Also, there’s some controversy over the privacy in Chinese products (but it’s easy enough to make the same argument about almost any brand).

I have found that Chinese versions of products make up the largest percentage of gray market stuff. I suspect that some percentage of that, is outright fakes.
by kgwxd | 2025-06-24 15:27:42+00:00
I'm kind of there too, but I haven't entirely given up. 5 years ago, I wouldn't have installed Windows on any of my personal machines, but Windows 10 is on my primary PC right now.

I guess my point was that we're going to lose more potential users by over promising instead of just being honest.

It's built on an ideology.

It's pretty good but, when you struggle, we're here to help.

Things will be different, sometimes in very stupid ways, but there are multiple choices, with tradeoffs, YOU get to decided on.

The big corporations aren't really interested in you as a target demographic, but do you really want them to be?

All that sounds way more inspiring than "It'S tHe SaME thING, bUTT FReEEEEEdOm" which gets proven factually incorrect within the first 5 minutes of attempted productive use.
by BenjiWiebe | 2025-06-24 15:28:16+00:00
I think I disagree with you on both of those points.

On Windows, you typically have to install language packs to get more languages.

Also, how many image resources does Windows-the-OS have, and how large are they? There are some, but the largest I can think of right off are the device icons in the hardware & printers screen. And most of those get installed later since they are part of the driver.
by tr81 | 2025-06-24 15:28:21+00:00
It is very hard work raising kids if you are interested in parenting and want to do your best.

The thing is that not everyone's life goal is to be the best parent around. And there is pressure from the society/culture/government to reproduce for healthy economy.

If we as a country want people to have more children, then we need to make their job easier. That may include censorship, age verifications, etc.
by ctoth | 2025-06-24 15:28:24+00:00
The laws of robotics were literally designed to cause conflict and facilitate strife in a fictional setting--I certainly hope no real goddamn system is built like that,.

> To ensure robots behave safely, Gemini Robotics uses a multi-layered approach. "With the full Gemini Robotics, you are connecting to a model that is reasoning about what is safe to do, period," says Parada. "And then you have it talk to a VLA that actually produces options, and then that VLA calls a low-level controller, which typically has safety critical components, like how much force you can move or how fast you can move this arm."
by RankingMember | 2025-06-24 15:28:33+00:00
The problem is some of us have way more weight to throw around than others, so in some cases one of those "people making choices" has as much impact as millions of people.

As a side-note, putting straws in the dishwasher doesn't do a very good job of cleaning the insides of them. Unfortunately, you've gotta faff with those little brushes.
by rub-columbia | 2025-06-24 15:28:45+00:00
Hi HN,

I built a small project in every tool below and wrote up full rankings on a simple site I made with one of them (dog-fooding is fun). These are the headlines

I kept for myself:

- Bolt.new – Great Figma integration that turns designs into working pages with auth; still waiting for an easy payments add-on.

- Firebase Studio – Auto-scaffolds Firestore and Cloud Functions in minutes, but you’re locked to Google’s stack and unlikely to see ChatGPT-style extras.

- v0 – Best front-end prompt model I tried; turns text into clean React/Next components and has an interesting MCP approach. Back-end is on you.

- Lovable.dev – Excellent for front-end tweaks; click to edit anything. No real back-end story beyond Supabase.

- Replit – Full cloud IDE with live collaboration; great fit for developers who already work in code.

- Base44 – Auth and database included out of the box. Handy for quick prototypes, but no full code export.

- Davia – Gmail, Slack, Calendar and more ready to go; feels like a mix of n8n’s workflow blocks and Lovable’s visual edits.

- Solar – Interesting AI-agent approach; agents draft and refactor code together, though it can get heavy.

- Combini – Aims to handle everything from hosting to database; ambition is high, docs still catching up.

- Vitara.ai – Zero-setup IDE with full code download; waiting on deeper integrations.

- Tempo Labs – Excellent UX for React front-ends, auto-generates PRDs and flows, but offers no back-end layer.

If you want me to add some of them in my website I will.

Thanks,
by bfmalky | 2025-06-24 15:28:56+00:00
Yes, the bottom tier MacBook Air is about £1k, but only comes with a 256gb SSD. You can get a decent windows laptop for about that price with 1tb of storage and 32gb of memory. A similar spec Mac is close to £3k. CPU wise they are all fine for real-time audio, but the extra storage really matters.