MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by ysofunny | 2025-06-21 16:23:51+00:00
I hope the twin prime conjecture will become a theorem during the remainder of my lifetime

that's why I already got the double twin prime conjecture ready:

there exists an infinite number of consecutive twin primes. 3 examples: 11,13; 17,19. 101,103;107,109, AND 191,193;197,199... I know of another example near the 800s

there's also the dubious, or trivial, or dunno (gotta generalize this pattern as well) of the first "consecutive" twin prime but they overlap which is 3,5 and 5,7.... which reminds me of how only 2 and 3 are both primes off by one; again, I need to generalize this pattern of "last time ever primes did that"
by t400 | 2025-06-21 16:24:20+00:00
Such a claim needs evidence; by its nature, it insulates itself from counter-arguments based on experience.

If person X says "ads don't work on me", the state "I experience no influence from ads because they don't work" is indistinguishable from "I experience no influence from ads because they're so sneaky that they only affect me subconsciously".

Unfortunately, it's very hard to get individual-level evidence. You can get population-level evidence, but sometimes that evidence shows that the ads don't actually work (for instance, The Correspondent's 2019 articles about the subject).
by dragontamer | 2025-06-21 16:25:16+00:00
Arrays are much worse at insertions, especially at the middle or beginning.

There's a reason why the Linux Kernel continues to use Red-Black trees today for a huge number of its data-structures. When you need reliable performance on all operations (insert, delete, reorderings, reallocations), its hard to beat a tree (or "cons" for that matter).

If you can use an array, then use an array. But making the tree a "good default" seems like the right move. Lisp does that with cons/cdr/car and (a . b), or (a b c d e) syntax.

Turning (a b c d e) into (a b b1 c d e), especially for larger sizes, will likely be faster than arrays (which innately needs to memcpy ~half the array on the average).
by alexlarch | 2025-06-21 16:25:17+00:00
I wanted to see how feasible vibe coding was... and built this in a week. I don't expect this ProductHunt post to blow up, I just want to share my learnings.

I used Cursor (with Claude 4) to build this app. I wanted to copy https://www.calculator.net/, as I noticed when doing market research, they get ~55M monthly visits to their site.

If you assume at a minimum, a general site (this product) gets $0.20 of CPM for ads... and Calculator.net is bringing in 55M monthly visits, they're bringing in $11k/mo. in revenue off their site. Crazy.

I decided I wanted to make a copycat of their site, expect I wanted to make it a better product. I have better graphics, reactive forms, and great Lighthouse performance numbers (95+ for all categories).

So I used Cursor to vibe code this app pretty quick. Honestly, the most tedious part of the process was QA'ing each calculator and verifying results by cross-checking against other calculators. I decided to not forgo creating unit tests (obviously a red-flag), as the unit tests Cursor was producing was overly restrictive. For example, for some finance calculators, unit tests would fail due to a rounding error ($0.01) and it was becoming more friction than getting a product out.

The cost to build this product was just the domain name (~$40/year). Besides that, the cost to develop this was literally $0, just time. It's a static site, and I'm using all free tools to run my site (Vite for deploying, PostHog for analytics) - no DB needed, no API calls.
by DonaldFisk | 2025-06-21 16:25:32+00:00
You mean Lisp isn't purely functional, as it has rarely used functions which destructively modify cons cells and lists. The cons function itself has no side effects, so is purely functional. As long as you avoid list-modifying functions, the cons data structure and any lists built from it are purely functional data structures (i.e. their contents never change), just like in Prolog and Haskell.
by anton-c | 2025-06-21 16:26:49+00:00
Which is borderline nonsense nowadays. If this were another website, I'd convey it thru the meme of SpongeBob showing Patrick all the diapers* with captions of "sports betting" "pokemon speculation" "monetization in games" with maybe the last panel being "diamonds are valuable"

They have always had powerful psychological tools but they are next level nowadays. Best to just avoid.

* https://i.imgflip.com/2yg87r.png

(I don't think pokemon intentionally wants such a toxic secondary market tbf)
by saulpw | 2025-06-21 16:28:41+00:00
> In Economics 101, I learned that in a free and fair marketplace, it was impossible to maintain an outsized profit, because competition would always show up to take part of that profit.

This is all "perfectly spherical cow" economic theory which does not apply in reality. Do we really have a free and fair marketplace? Where's the competition that's shown up and been able to get any kind of substantial piece of the outsized profit of Facebook, Apple, Microsoft, Google?
by boothby | 2025-06-21 16:28:58+00:00
Sorry, but M_1 is simply the sum of divisors, and I don't think that was ever a mystery. Specializing the notation from the paper for M_a, to a=1, and writing pythonic with finite bounds for clarity...

M_1(n) = sum( m for m in range(1, n+1) for s in range(1, n+1) if m*s = n )
by jleyank | 2025-06-21 16:30:06+00:00
Well, my decades of pet ownership didn’t kill any birds because they were indoor pets. All sorts of other things, natural and otherwise, killed them without my help. We fed and watered them from time to time, so I think of myself as a net positive re birds.

And is the impact of pet ownership larger than, say, the impact of those involved in sports? Huge amounts of unnatural green spaces are maintained and direct and indirect carbon emissions are created. This directly impacts the former natural population of these areas, usually driving them away or just eliminating them. And I suspect the economic distortion caused by those into sports exceeds those into pets (although there is significant overlap).

Will the authors propose banning sports?

I would think that the impact on the biosphere from having children greatly exceeds having pets. We only had the latter, so I guess we did our part in reducing aggregate damage?
by dkersten | 2025-06-21 16:30:38+00:00
True. But someone at the top will benefit. Either it’s the companies that can produce more of something that the end user can’t easily replicate themselves for whatever reason, or at least the LLM providers.

What I mean is, it will create value. Just not for the masses. And maybe not for the small businesses. If anything, it will let the big corporations do even more: a few big players doing everything and no little players at all.
by tzs | 2025-06-21 16:30:40+00:00
> But let me be clear — I hate ads, too. I hate them on TV, radio, YouTube, billboards, in my mailbox, in my email inbox, and when they cover up 50% of real estate on websites. Pretty much everywhere they show up.

The mailbox ads can actually be quite useful. Since I started looking at them instead of just tossing them straight into the recycling bin I've discovered they often contain coupons for good deals at restaurants that I semi-regularly already go to. Those coupons have saved me noticeable amount of money on those visits.

Similarly on groceries. In the grocery case it is not coupons but advertisements of sales. 97% of the time I shop at the large supermarket nearest my home, which usually has the best prices. But occasionally there is a very good deal on something expensive like meat somewhere else and it is their mailbox flyers that let me know about it.
by crop_rotation | 2025-06-21 16:31:11+00:00
Reusing code doesn't trigger region dependencies.

> Do the re-implement all the code in every region?

Everyone does.

The difference is AWS very strongly ensures that regions are independent failure domains. The GCP architecture is global with all the pros and cons that implies. e.g GCP has a truly global load balancer while AWS can not since everything is at core regional.
by m0llusk | 2025-06-21 16:31:19+00:00
Yes, that is a really extreme simplification. There were at least three major groups of early humans around Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands 20k+ years ago. The main point of interest is that all of these groups were genetically differentiated from the Siberians who migrated along the vicinity of the Alaskan coast later and who left a genetic trace on native populations that is still observable today.
by 3eb7988a1663 | 2025-06-21 16:32:06+00:00
This was sort-of the winning solution to an underhanded C contest to redact an image. Hazily remembered, but the winner used a trick where already black pixels got redacted to one color black and already white pixels got to an ever so slightly different black. Reversing the image would then make it trivial to read the original black-on-white text.
by valenterry | 2025-06-21 16:32:17+00:00
I understand your feeling. There are many magical frameworks like e.g. Spring that do these things and it's super hard to figure out what's going on.

The solution is usually to have an even better language. One, where the typesystem is so powerful, that such hacks are not necessary. Unfortunately, that also means you have to learn that typesystem to be productive in language, and you have to learn it more or less upfront - which is not something that Google wanted for golang due to the turnover.
by furyofantares | 2025-06-21 16:33:14+00:00
An unranked queue is often just like "well, we didn't do any game design for you on meta-progression".

Normal players would like to participate in the progression systems you design! Having a ranked queue that is uninviting to normal players due to skill, and an unranked queue that is uninviting to everyone due to progression design, but less uninviting to normal players than the ranked queue, is a pretty suboptimal result.

It's lately become a lot more popular to just secretly (or at least stealthily) put people in with bots. Marvel Snap was really successful at emulating opponents at low ranks and gradually increasing real opponent density the higher you are. Battle Royale games with 100 players per game can easily add a bunch of bots so you aren't at the bottom and can even win. I noticed Mario Kart World also has bots in most knockout matches (and I highly appreciate that it is transparent about this fact.)
by dragonwriter | 2025-06-21 16:33:25+00:00
> In Economics 101, I learned that in a free and fair marketplace, it was impossible to maintain an outsized profit, because competition would always show up to take part of that profit.

What you should have learned is that in an idealized, perfectly rational, perfectly competitive market this is true, and you should have also learned that such markets do not exist in reality, not least of all because rational choice theory does not accurately model human behavior, but also because perfect competition is not an attainable condition.
by valenterry | 2025-06-21 16:34:23+00:00
> Go's simplifications often introduce complexities elsewhere

Exactly this.

Basically: have a complex compression algorithm? Yes, it's complex, but the resulting filesize (= program complexity) will be low.

If you use a very basic compression algorithm, it's easier the understand the algorithm, but the filesize will be much bigger.

It's a trade-off. However, as professionals, I think we should really strive to put time to properly learn the good complex compression algorithm once and then benefit for all the programs we write.
by chuckadams | 2025-06-21 16:34:49+00:00
I grew up on all those "typing tutor" programs, and hated every moment of them, even the extra-game-ified ones. But at least they weren't high school typing classes like my gf took, those seemed like some proper sweatshop training. Would love to learn piano too, another thing I couldn't focus enough to make happen, but I guess I'm more comfortable now knowing my limits, and there's worse things to regret ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
by rbajp | 2025-06-21 16:35:00+00:00
I built a free platform for practicing system design interviews!: https://leetsys.dev. The currently available problems will always be listed as free! It lets you chat with an interviewer in real time as you work through a system design problem. It also gives you detailed feedback at the end of the interview that you can use to assess your performance and see where you can improve. Please try it out and let me know what you think!
by HenryBemis | 2025-06-21 16:35:49+00:00
US has never been "good". Listening to Sachs and Measrheimer they keep saying (in these or other words) that "you know a US president is lying because their mouth is moving". Microsoft is just one more cog in the power-hungry apparatus of the US.

And of course they cannot be trusted. (Same applies for Google, Apple and any other entity in the US that can be served with a gag order and a subpoena.

The masks sometimes drop and we see the true face of who is what. And when Microsoft pulls a fast one like that it shows us the real face/where the loyalty is (and it is never to the client).
by noqc | 2025-06-21 16:36:13+00:00
Because the article doesn't actually say so (presumably because the author doesn't know the difference between "if" and "if and only if") the statement:

(3n^3 − 13n^2 + 18n − 8)M_1(n) + (12n^2 − 120n + 212)M_2(n) − 960M_3(n) = 0

is equivalent to the statement that n is prime. The result is that there are infinitely many such characterizing equations.
by chilipepperhott | 2025-06-21 16:37:36+00:00
I'll admit it's something of a bold label, but there is truth in it.

Before our rule engine has a chance to touch the document, we run several pre-processing steps that imbue semantic meaning to the words it reads.

> LLMs have completely overshadowed ML NLP methods from 10 years ago, and they themselves replaced decades statistical NLP work, which also replaced another few decades of symbolic grammar-based NLP work.

This is a drastic oversimplification. I'll admit that transformer-based approaches are indeed quite prevalent, but I do not believe that "LLMs" in the conventional sense are "replacing" a significant fraction of NLP research.

I appreciate your skepticism and attention to detail.
by spwa4 | 2025-06-21 16:39:39+00:00
... except linear neural nets have a very low level of maximum complexity, no matter how big the network is, until you introduce a nonlinearity, which they didn't. They tried, but it destroys the statistical reasoning so they threw it out. Also I don't envy anyone doing that calculation on paper, least squares is already going to suck bad.

Until you do that, this method is version of a Taylor series, and the only real advantage is the statistical connection between the outcome and what you're doing (and if you're evil, you might point out that while that statistical connection gives reassurance that what you're doing is correct, despite being a proof, points you in the wrong direction)

And if you want to go down that path, SVM kernel-based networks do it better than current neural networks. Neural networks throw out the statistical guarantees again.

If you want to really go back far with neural networks, there's backprop! Newton, although I guess Leibniz' chain rule would make him a very good candidate.
Show HN: I made 200 USD passively as a 16yo developer
by vivaankumar | 2025-06-21 16:41:16+00:00
Excel Tutor is my second SaaS, in the past two weeks, where I have generated over 200USD passive income alone.

Hey, I am a 16 year old developer based in Hong Kong and I've been trying to make successful SaaS's for the past 2 years. And it's only now worked. I built an MVP app called ExcelTutor.pro!

ExcelTutor is an AI-driven assistant designed to supercharge productivity within Excel. It automates complex formula generation, accelerates data analysis, and delivers clear, actionable insights with ease. Built for professionals and teams, ExcelTutor integrates seamlessly into existing workflows to eliminate manual spreadsheet tasks and reduce errors—empowering smarter, faster decision-making.
by maqp | 2025-06-21 16:41:21+00:00
"It's harder to shut down email than signal."

It took me two minutes to figure out DeltaChat connects to the server with SNI "nine.testrun.org". Banana dictatorships can trivially write firewall rules to cut those connections. There are other servers, but if those are going to be usable by anyone, they're going to have to be public, and writing block-rules is trivial compared to spinning up new servers.

I'm not saying Signal is much better in this regard, I'm just saying resilience isn't a useful metric to assess messenger security.
by emporas | 2025-06-21 16:41:31+00:00
I just tried qwq-32b using the numbered headlines of HN right now, with 26 items [1], I removed 3 headlines, still found all 3 omitted items first try, perfect, and it didn't even consume 50.000 tokens.

[1] https://gist.github.com/pramatias/fee1391ad08c7b965f435f3af1...
by colkassad | 2025-06-21 16:41:49+00:00
One of those youtubers that goes to old stores (Retail Archaeology or something like that) came across a boxed version of Alpha Centauri at a thrift store or something and bought it because he thought it looked cool. I couldn't believe his luck. I would really like to have that manual again. If I remember correctly, it was more than just a manual...it had a lot of backstory and whatnot.
by Viliam1234 | 2025-06-21 16:42:05+00:00
I am not sure that really helped.

When I was a child, the TV was running at our home a lot. When I left home, I didn't buy a TV on purpose. Visiting my family again was a weird experience: after a few words, someone suggested to go watch a TV. Nothing specific, just the default way of spending time. I was like "ugh, if you don't mind, I would prefer talking to you", but they were like "no problem, we can watch and talk". Except, it didn't work that way. Watching and talking means, you ask a question, the other person opens their mouth... but keeps watching the screen... and then maybe after a minute says something, very slowly, not even a coherent sentence.

If you are not used to that, it's like watching people you know turn into zombies. But of course, if you do it every day, you are just as zombified as others, so it feels okay to you. (Just like drunk people don't mind being in company of other drunk people, or stoned people don't mind being in company of other stoned people.) You spend a few hours in each other's company, saying less than ten sentences during all the time, and somehow it gives you the feeling of spending quality time together, when in fact everyone was only paying attention to the screen.

You could get an equivalent of that by having the whole family sit on a large sofa, everyone watching their own smartphone, sitting together in silence for hours. At the end, everyone would feel like they had a meaningful experience together. It only feels weird when the rest of the people are glued to their screens and you are not.
by mosesbp | 2025-06-21 16:42:29+00:00
Here is the preprint [1].

From a quick glance, the authors look only at a small (relative to the overall size of the universe) region of space and study the emission from the gas between galaxies (specifically, the WHIM [2]). It would seem challenging to draw major conclusions based on this study - and the authors themselves conclude higher quality data of the type they are using is needed.

Some context:

This missing gas or "missing baryons" problem is a very old one [3]. See here [4] for a nice review (Section 4 mentions the missing baryons problem, which really is localized to the cosmologically "recent" universe - we know where the gas was when the universe was older.) It increasingly seems like the missing baryons problem can be resolved by gas living in the WHIM between galaxies. This recent paper [5] argues using Fast Radio Burst data that, in principle, this problem can be solved this way.

[1] https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.14917

[2] The charmingly named "Warm-hot intergalactic medium" - https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0007217

[3] "Baryons" is cosmology jargon for ordinary matter - gas and plasma.

[4] https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.00086

[5] https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.16952
by lelanthran | 2025-06-21 16:44:02+00:00
> Lisp (as well as Prolog, Haskell, ML, etc.) programmers won't be persuaded to abandon cons cells or lists as they find them extremely useful.

Who said anything about abandoning lists? The argument appears to be that lists don't need to be built up out of two-element cells (i.e cons cells), and that Lisp, by enforcing `cons` cells as a way to construct lists, is seeing some limitations.

TBH, I agree a little that that PoV - there is no need for exposing the implementation of the list to the programmer, much less forcing the programmer into using the implementation.

The other problem with enforcing lists to be constructed of cons cells is one of performance; the default list in Lisp is a cache-invalidating monster.
by encom | 2025-06-21 16:45:17+00:00
So this "article" "source" is Cloudflare, claiming Cloudflare blocked some super duper mega attack, but gives zero verifiable detail about any of it.

Now I hate Cloudflare with a passion, but even setting that aside, this is journalistic malpractice - it's basically a sponsored post. I was going to say I expected better from Ars Technica, but their glory days are long gone.
by devilbunny | 2025-06-21 16:46:54+00:00
Ah, yes, that’s the ticket. Spend far more money and time than you would with an ICE to do your trip.

I get the concept, and I am not an EV hater. But let us not pretend that long-distance driving is an imaginary thing. I don’t stop - ever - for more than fifteen minutes, unless it’s to sleep.
by CactusRocket | 2025-06-21 16:47:19+00:00
That's the whole point of the first item in the article, and the original comment you were replying to. In Go (and some other languages) that formatting is implicit and automatic. So you need to write to code to NOT format the fields out. Which leads to the potential security issues where data is leaked, or you can inject data into "hidden" fields. So since it's implicit and automatic, it's safer to, as a rule, define separate structs for the data input and map them, so that there is absolutely no chance (implicit or explicit) to leak or inject data.
by marcusb | 2025-06-21 16:47:48+00:00
> IIUC, if Slack had done the correct thing, only wildcard DNS records (if any) would have been affected

There's the problem - you DON'T understand. Straight from the post-portem that you clearly have not read:

One microsecond later, app.slack.com fails to resolve with a ‘ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED’ error: [screenshot of error ] This indicated there was likely a problem with the ‘*.slack.com’ wildcard record since we didn’t have a wildcard record in any of the other domains where we had rolled out DNSSEC on. Yes, it was an oversight that we did not test a domain with a wildcard record before attempting slack.com — learn from our mistakes!

> I don’t care. So is almost every other standard,

Cool story. I do care. I'd like to see greater protection of the DNS infrastructure. DNSSEC adoption is hovering around 4%. TLS for HTTP is around 90%. At least part of that discrepancy is due to how broken DNSSEC is.
by jmyeet | 2025-06-21 16:48:37+00:00
This administration is destroying US soft power in a way that no rival could ever have imagined possible. The big winner here is China.

DOGE? Absolutely performative. Even things like USAID are a trival amount of money and miss the point that it's a very cheap way of getting influence. Plus I'm sure there's some CIA money buried in there too.

Abusing the power in such a trivial manner like suspending this account does nothing but hasten this downfall.

It's always worth adding that 20+ years ago the US passed a law colloquially known as the "Hage Invasion Act" [1], which not only authorized but requires the US to invade the Hage if ever any US servicemember are brought up on charges to the ICC. And this extends to servicemembers and leaders of allies.

Empires don't die quietly or quickly. This is going to be long, drawn out and chaotic.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Service-Members%27_Pr...