MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by rasz | 2025-06-09 17:27:41+00:00
https://militarnyi.com/uk/articles/niyakogo-kytayu-ukrayinsk...

You can source camera sensor from Japan and microcontrollers from France (made at ST Crolles). Your $1 camera becomes $10, $1 micros (s because basic ESC uses 4-5) become $10, $1 Chinese clone IMU becomes $10 TDK IMU, ESC mosfets go from $0.4 to $1.5 (you need 24 of those). Even magnets in the motor are easily doable https://www.kumarmagnet.com/ukraine/neodymium-magnet.html

All the parts are still manufactured in the West/Japan/Korea/Taiwan. Made in China 2025 just means Chinese clones/substitutes are 2-10 times cheaper. In 2015 people laughed and dismissed MIC 2025 as unrealistic, but here we are in 2025 and Chinese products do in fact come with up to 100% domestic electronic components! One stupid example from today, hackaday article https://hackaday.com/2025/06/08/simple-triggering-for-saleae... comment mentions Kingst LA2016. Sigrok wiki https://sigrok.org/wiki/Kingst_LA2016 has pictured of same product at v1.3 and v3.2. v3.2 uses COREBAI clone of Cypress FX2LP and Pango Micro FPGA (https://www.pangomicro.com/en/about/index/) instead of "Intel" Cyclone IV.

EEVBlog did a Deye SUN-5K-SG04LP1 5kW hybrid solar inverter teardown some time ago, almost every semi component made in China https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0_cTg36A2Q
by jchw | 2025-06-09 17:27:44+00:00
> or can you just leave it out in the sun for a couple weeks or something?

I actually don't know if there's a good source for this, but I've heard that the yellow discoloration caused by UV rays actually happens because of the specific way that window glass is filtering the UV spectrum unevenly; that would at least partly explain why retrobrighting, where you literally put things out in the sun or expose them to UV-C light directly, seems to actually work, and some people claim that even just leaving yellowed plastic out in the sun with no cover also works to an extent.
by pfdietz | 2025-06-09 17:28:07+00:00
The assumption of $1000/kW for electrolyzers is the killer here. China is reported to be under $300/kW for these, btw.

How much do you think electrolyzers will cost by the time they are actually needed for the last few percent of the grid? They are the kind of thing (like batteries and PV) that can be expected to have aggressive experience curves.
by icedchai | 2025-06-09 17:28:19+00:00
I understand your skepticism. I think, in 20 years, when we look back, we'll see this time was the beginning of a fundamental paradigm shift in software development. This will be similar in magnitude to the move from desktop to web development in the 90's. If I told you, in 1996, that "developers who don't embrace web development will be left behind", it would be an accurate statement.
by acdha | 2025-06-09 17:30:55+00:00
Her problem is that BMBL is down 92% and they need to tell investors that they’ll all be rich again:

https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/BMBL/

Most of the dumb AI pitches share that basic goal: someone is starting from what investors want to be true and using “AI” like it’s a magic spell which can make that possible, just as we’ve seen going back to the dawn of the web. Sober voices don't get attention because it’s boring to repeat a 10% performance improvement or reduction in cost.
by pramodbiligiri | 2025-06-09 17:31:17+00:00
I second this (whisper.cpp). I've had a good experience running whisper.cpp locally. I wrote a Python wrapper for invoking its whisper-cli: https://github.com/pramodbiligiri/annotate-subs/blob/main/ge... (that repo's readme might have more details).

Mind you, this is from a few months back! Not sure if this is still the best approach ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
by delroth | 2025-06-09 17:31:18+00:00
Google Reader was the last major user of the old social sharing stack at Google designed for Buzz, a product mostly remembered to these days for United States v. Google and the 2011 FTC consent decree. When people redesigned Google's social stack for G+ (e.g. all the infrastructure like Zanzibar underlying Circles, which to this day is close to state of the art!) the choice was between migrating Reader to the new tech - which nobody could justify the cost of - or keeping the old tech around for Reader when that tech was known to have had serious privacy issues leading to a major lawsuit.
by spacephysics | 2025-06-09 17:31:28+00:00
I disagree with genAI not having an education use case.

I think a useful LLM for education would be one with heavy guardrails, which is “forced” to provide step-by-step back and forth tutoring instead of just giving out answers.

Right now hallucinations would be problematic, but assuming its in a domain like Math (and maybe combined with something like Wolfram to verify outputs), i could see this theoretical tool being very helpful to learning mathematics, or even other sciences.

For more open-ended subjects like english, history, etc then it may be less useful.

Perhaps only as a demonstration, maybe an LLM is prompted to pretend to be a peasant from Medieval Europe, and with text to voice we could have students as a group interact with and ask questions of the LLM. In this case, maybe the LLM is only trained on historical text from specific time periods, with settings to be more deterministic and reduce hallucinations
by EGreg | 2025-06-09 17:31:36+00:00
2025: https://qbix.com/blog/2025/06/06/%e2%80%9cno-way-to-prevent-...

2023: https://qbix.com/blog/2023/06/12/no-way-to-prevent-this-says...

2021: https://qbix.com/blog/2023/06/12/no-way-to-prevent-this-says...

Which is funnier?
by stackskipton | 2025-06-09 17:31:52+00:00
Say what? IPv6 was designed that first 64 bits are network, last 64 bit are host.

Since /64 is smallest network in IPv6 and because of that most providers hand out /64 when you ask for IPv6 public address because A) Most Rate Limiting uses /64 and B) IPv6 has so many IPs, no one cares.

Vultr has at least one /32 I was able to find (2001:19F0::/32) which if you cut that into /64 comes out ~4.2 Billion different networks or same amount of IPv4 address that exist.

ARIN will hand anyone who asks a /48 IPv6 subnet which 65,536 unique networks and getting larger prefix is not hard.
by kazinator | 2025-06-09 17:32:04+00:00
We could perhaps split it into a two-file system where a "foo.sh" containing certain boilerplate will execute a "foo.c" that doesn't require any special conventions at all.

"foo.sh" could be identical for any .c file, and so we could symbolically link them all to a common file.

Of course, neither that file nor symlinks to it require a .sh suffix.

The contents might look like this:

#!/bin/sh c_file=${0%.sh}.c x_file=${0%.sh}.bin # If cached executable file is missing, or out of date w.r.t. # the source file, compile it: if [ "$c_file" -nt "$x_file" ]; then cc $CFLAGS "$c_file" -o "$x_file" fi # Run cached executable file $x_file
by sethhochberg | 2025-06-09 17:32:22+00:00
"Healthy" is a pretty loaded word. In the grand scheme of things apples and peanut butter is indeed a pretty healthy snack: good balance of fiber and protein and carbs and healthy fats, and nothing particularly bad like partially hydrogenated oils if you stick to a decent brand of peanut butter. But its not a particularly low-anything snack, so maybe not an efficient use of calories for someone trying to watch their weight. Nuts in general are a pretty caloric food.

Occasionally (usually as a distraction while trying to make a meal plan for the week) I find myself wondering by what we could do differently with the concept of healthy foods that makes nuances like this easier for people to understand, without getting into fad diet territory. I've never had a brilliant idea here because its fundamentally asking the public to have a nuanced understanding in an industry with tons of historical marketing spin, which is... hard. Really hard. Fad diets and diet plans in general exist because someone telling you exactly what to eat is sometimes more effective than trying to give an understanding about why those choices are made.

The reality is that "healthy" is an individualized goal and different foods are a tool for getting to that destination.
by gertlex | 2025-06-09 17:32:28+00:00
> > a few years ago, the IRS stopped allowing the $1M to be deducted

> It was Trump's 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which amended IRS code.

And took effect in 2022 (per what I've read elsewhere, and other comments on this post; could be off by a year)

(just clarifying that the effect was "a few years ago", but I agree that it's important to know the origin of it, which you were pointing out)
by cratermoon | 2025-06-09 17:32:30+00:00
The thing is, thanks to work done in Congress in the 1960s,[1] there are laws on the books constraining what governments can do. (Whether or not the current administration, or any prior administration, has respected those laws is a different question.) What's not on the books are laws about what private industry can do. Just the opposite: data brokers were set loose last month to sell any all information they wanted.[2]

1 https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/60-years-ago-congress-war...

2 https://www.malwarebytes.com/blog/news/2025/05/data-broker-p...
by fogzen | 2025-06-09 17:32:32+00:00
The mushrooms are speaking, but not in words, rather in ripples of being. The currents beneath your feet are alive. They hum of moisture, hunger, damage, alliance. It's not a conversation in alphabetic language, but a resonance—a conversation in electricity and time. If you could tune in, you might hear the forest breathing, think in fungal pulses, dream in mycelial code.
by mkleczek | 2025-06-09 17:32:34+00:00
> how well you described it in the prompt, and how well you crafted your system queries.

This part is the most frustrating in discussions about LLMs. Since there are no criteria to measure the quality of your prompting there is really no way to learn the skill. Assessing prompting skills based on the actual results is wrong as it does not isolate the model capabilities.

Hence the whole thing looks a lot like an ancient shamanism.
by sokoloff | 2025-06-09 17:32:45+00:00
Yes, money has utility. That should be unsurprising to everyone.

This proposal's pairing of hypothetical projects levels the playing field by a factor of 10 versus the starting point. That seems like a pretty good improvement over the purely monetary starting point.

If your objection is that government can't work this way, because some projects need to be done for the benefit of people who literally cannot even contribute so much as a penny, while other projects are optional, then I'll agree with you. It means that this funding mechanism is fundamentally flawed in regards to required projects.

But if you want to augment government spending with private contributions for certain public-private partnership projects, this might be a good way to allocate government matching funds for these optional projects.

You can't treat a lead pipe replacement project as an optional project (the responsible government or utility just has to do it), but if you wanted to trade off funds towards a skate park versus towards an art museum, this process seems better than a straight matching funds percentage process.

Or, if you want to have no partnership projects and use existing government mechanisms exclusively, that also avoids this problem.
by demosthanos | 2025-06-09 17:32:53+00:00
It's that it doesn't reflect the reality that the value of software is not remotely correlated with the salaries that were spent building it. It could be valued much higher or much lower, spanning a huge range.

Using salaries as a proxy for value of the asset encourages only the safest shovelware bets, discouraging risk taking lest your asset be taxed at substantially higher than it's worth.

Avoiding that risk-adverse dynamic is why Section 174 was written the way it was since the 50s to encourage R&D, and it's paid off in spades.
by j45 | 2025-06-09 17:32:56+00:00
I'll check out snapraid, thanks.

The challenge is a "bit of a backup" is risky. There's no back up if it's only a single copy of something, or even a single copy of something.

3-2-1 backups are really in time teach everyone the lesson that you don't buy storage, you buy backups, some that are more quickly accessible than others.

The cost of "maximizing" space with the drives I have, for example, is relatively trivial and simpler, its in the hundreds of dollars now instead of thousands. The upside is huge.

Solely trusting third party services is risky, and locally holding your data can be relatively managed well.
by atmavatar | 2025-06-09 17:33:14+00:00
When they aren't abused, nearly all dogs are extremely loyal and affectionate. When they see you after even the shortest of absences, they act like a kid on Christmas morning just because you're there. They understand basic feelings and will try to comfort you when you're not feeling great. Most are patient to a fault with children. Many if not most will act as guardians, protecting you from threats without hesitation, even in cases where it is obvious it is likely to cost their lives.

We absolutely don't deserve them.

With no cognitive dissonance, I can also recognize that some dogs can be dangerous, and in extreme cases, need to be put down. However, I would point out that the vast majority of misbehaved dogs can and should be trained out of their bad behavior, so it's nearly always their owners' responsibilities.
Show HN: Munal OS: a graphical experimental OS with WASM sandboxing
by Gazoche | 2025-06-09 17:34:29+00:00
Hello HN!

Showing off the first version of Munal OS, an experimental operating system I have been writing in Rust on and off for the past few years.

https://github.com/Askannz/munal-os

It's an unikernel design that is compiled as a single EFI binary and does not use virtual address spaces for process isolation. Instead, applications are compiled to WASM and run inside of an embedded WASM engine.

Other features:

* Fully graphical interface in HD resolution with mouse and keyboard support

* Desktop shell with window manager and contextual radial menus

* PCI and VirtIO drivers

* Ethernet and TCP stack

* Customizable UI toolkit providing various widgets, responsive layouts and flexible text rendering

* Embedded selection of applications including:

* A web browser supporting DNS, HTTPS and very basic HTML * A text editor * A Python terminal

Checkout the README for the technical breakdown.

Demo video: https://streamable.com/5xqjcf
by asenchi | 2025-06-09 17:34:55+00:00
God, who is referred to as love, created beings in his image to tend to his creation, and to be in a love relationship with him. He himself created out of a loving relationship (read up on his triune nature). Rather than make them automatons that simply do his will he wanted them to love him of their own will the same he loves them. You can understand his first command as "do this because you love me and trust that I have your best interest in mind". When they instead chose themselves he could no longer be in their presence because of their sin, thus they were ejected from his presence, and thus cursed to pay the costs of that sin, until his plan to redeem them through his own justice and mercy could be fulfilled.

Any love relationship that is truly loving is not created by power or authority. It is by the willingness of both parties, unconditionally.
by weatherfused | 2025-06-09 17:34:59+00:00
TCP for everything for now with Nagle's algorithm disabled. Since the online aspect of this game is player-hosted servers for co-op with your friends (e.g. no PVP), it should be fine. I've heard even some MMOs like WoW used just TCP. In the future if I run into any problems, I can also easily replace it with a TCP-like UDP layer!
by subzero06 | 2025-06-09 17:35:07+00:00
Its a tradition, they do everything manual like the Incas did it. They don't like using "wheels" or any sort of technology as it would ruin the tradition. You can see the process here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQl6geeY7CM Oh- and it involves a lot of people not a 1 man job.
by spencerflem | 2025-06-09 17:35:28+00:00
its not outlawing math, its outlawing what companies can sell as a product.

that's like saying that you can't outlaw selling bombs in a store because its "chemistry".

Or even for usage- can we not outlaw shooting someone with a gun because it is "projectile physics"?

Im glad you do oppose Palantir - we're on the same side and I support what you're doing! - but I also think you're leaving the most effective solution on the table by ignoring regulatory options.
by jwarden | 2025-06-09 17:36:16+00:00
Well it's also unfair if we assume large difference in the marginal utility of wealth -- for example to go to extremes, we might assume that a $10 contribution from a low-income individuals represents the same sacrifice as a $1,000,000 contribution from a high-income individual. If that were the case, a $100 contribution from a low-income individual represents 10x the utility of a $1,000,000 contribution from a high-income individual. So in that case the lead would pipes have both more contributors, and higher utility per contributor, than the art. So total utility would be maximized by giving more money to the lead pipes.
by crmd | 2025-06-09 17:36:22+00:00
I am very suspicious of Quadratic Funding after reading its top google result[1] which presents it as an egalitarian democratic mechanism, and this article which shows it to have the opposite effect in practice. It reminds me of the Citizens United campaign finance debate here in the US 15 years ago: aspirational sales pitch, appalling consequences.

1. https://www.wtfisqf.com/
by behnamoh | 2025-06-09 17:36:27+00:00
> concurrency

by that logic Elixir is even better for agents.

also the link at the bottom of the page is pretty much why I ditched Go: https://go.dev/blog/error-syntax

The AI landscape moves so fast, and this conservative, backwards looking mindset of the new Go dev team doesn't match the forward looking LLM engineering mindset.
by 1vuio0pswjnm7 | 2025-06-09 17:36:34+00:00
For this system, I have alternatives to "TLS" and to "trusted TLS certificate authorities".

None of this is connected to the internet. It is "home lab" stuff.

I have alternatives for so-called "modern" web browsers controlled by advertising companies, too.

For all the third-party-mediated stuff on today's internet I generally have alternatives that let me have more control.
by Analemma_ | 2025-06-09 17:36:45+00:00
> Can someone steelman the positives for me?

They’re literally aren’t any. Treating payroll expenses as depreciating assets is insane, and that’s why it isn’t done in any other context— not in the US or anywhere else in the world.

That sounds like a biased explanation, but it’s genuinely the truth: it was stuck in the Trump’s tax bill to help it evade budget balancing rules, but was designed to be so stupid that a future Congress would “surely” repeal it, after the TCJA had passed successfully. This sort of horse-trading happens all the time with budgets, but for whatever reason, this provision was never undone.
by acdha | 2025-06-09 17:36:49+00:00
Republicans really want to cut taxes for rich people but they don’t want to just straight-up acknowledge a huge debt increase for that goal, so they come up with different ways to say that something is budget neutral. That’s why a lot of the 2017 bill cuts were time-limited so regular people got the tax cut immediately and would hopefully remember it, but the time limit meant that CBO wouldn’t count it as a long-term debt increase and it’d be someone else’s problem when those expired and most people notice their taxes go up.
by jjav | 2025-06-09 17:37:02+00:00
> North America has stuck to minimum of 1 staff at all times. No staff = closed.

Not true at all at least in California. I regularly fill at unattended stations late at night past midnight. The credit card operated pumps are operable 24/7.

Years ago we were traveling in remote areas of Nevada and running out of gas around 2am, desperately trying to find a gas station (this is before mobile phones, so couldn't just look things up, although maybe even today might be too remote for signal). Finally rolled into a small village with a gas station but everything was dark, so we thought we'll take a nap there until whenever they open. But I noticed the pump light was on, so I gave it a try. Yes, it worked!
by xorokongo | 2025-06-09 17:37:04+00:00
This only means that the web (websites and web 2.0 platforms) for public usage is becoming redundant because any type of data that can be posted on the web can now be generated by an LLM. LLMs have been only around for a short while but the web is already becoming infested with AI spam. Future generations that are not accustomed to the old pre AI web will prefare to use AI rather than the web, LLMs will eventually be able to generate all aspects of the web. The web will remain useful for private communication and general data transfer but not for surfing as we know it today.

Edit to add:

Projects like the Internet Archive will be even more important in the future.
by leakycap | 2025-06-09 17:37:31+00:00
I read this POV a lot in advice: essentially, just don't think about others because they don't think about you.

I don't find it to be true.

My experience is that life is full of moments when I go back to something from earlier today or 30 years ago, reflect on it, then go back to something else.

I can't tell you the amount of times I've cheered myself up thinking about a hilarious typo in a group chat.

You should learn to laugh at yourself, not forget yourself and others.
by BrandoElFollito | 2025-06-09 17:38:03+00:00
> the perception of the US (and US managers) is not great, which puts me at a disadvantage

Yes, this is one thing. Then you have the concern of communication and this depends on the country. Nordic countries and Estonia (and to some extent - Portugal) have a good handling of English because movies in their TV are in English (among other factors). In the other countries it is general average communication English (which is objectively not bad).

But independently of this you need to speak the language to blend in. It is fundamentally important in some countries (France, Germany) where you will lose half or more of the important information because they are done in the local language informally. But maybe you already speak a language from here (at any level)?

> The best bet is looking more like trying an internal transfer at my big-tech firm instead

This is by far, far the best option. You get in as an "insider" and you will be much more included. You may even be an attraction of sorts. I do not even mention the logistics.

If you want to taste life in Europe (it is truly worth it), I would even go for something a bit lower in terms of hierarchy or prestige than you have in the US. It won't matter that much anyway because the perspective on this is so much different between the US and Europe (we have other markers than you)

I would obviously pick France because I am biased (probably Paris because everyone goes there but I hate the city, Bordeaux, Annecy, ...), but Portugal, Poland (especially Krakow), Tallinn would be wonderful choices as well.
by OneDeuxTriSeiGo | 2025-06-09 17:38:11+00:00
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/174

> (3) Software development

> For purposes of this section, any amount paid or incurred in connection with the development of any software shall be treated as a research or experimental expenditure.

Strictly speaking every single one of those jobs falls under that role. If you "develop" any software, which arguably includes even making or maintaining excel spreadsheets (as excel is a graphical array lang inspired by APL), then you seem to fall under this umbrella.