MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by dwohnitmok | 2025-06-15 01:30:58+00:00
> There exist collections of statements such that PA proves that it proves each statement, and PA does prove each statement, but PA does not prove the collection of statements.

I think this is true (although I would like a significantly more succinct proof than one using Goodstein sequences as I mention here https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=44277809), but regardless this is substantially weaker than your assertion that there are statements PA can prove that it can prove, but cannot itself prove.

In particular I can prove that for all propositions P, PA proves P if and only if P proves "Provable(P)" (i.e. "P is provable in PA").

Given PA proves P, take the finite proof of P in PA and do the usual Godel encoding to get a single number. That is a witness to the implicit existential statement behind "Provable(P)".

In the other direction, given P proves "Provable(P)", take the natural number witness of the implicit existential statement. Because the standard natural numbers satisfy PA (this is basically equivalent to the assumption that PA is consistent), we know that this natural number is in fact a standard, finite natural number. Hence we can transform this natural number back to a proof of P in PA.

This equivalence is precisely the reason why the provability relation (more accurately for our purposes stated as "provability in PA") "Provable" is valuable. If the equivalence didn't hold it would be very weird to call this relation "Provable".

In particular, this means PA proves P if and only if P proves "Provable(Provable(P))" (and so on for as many nestings of Provable as you'd like).

> If PA proves that it proves a statement, PA cannot conclude from that fact that it proves that statement.

I kind of think I know what you mean by this, but definitely your conclusion is way too strong. In particular, it is true in a certain intuitive sense that PA cannot "use" the fact of "Provable(P)" to actually prove P. It is in a sense a coincidence that every P for which PA can prove P, PA can also prove "Provable(P)", since that equivalence is carried "outside" of PA. But that's not really anything to do with PA itself, but that's just rather the nature of any encoded representation.

Even what tromp is saying is quite strange to me (in apparently implying that it's normal for PA to have an omega-consistency issue). It would be very strange to assert PA is omega-inconsistent. It is tantamount to saying PA is inconsistent, since stating that PA is omega-inconsistent is saying that the standard natural numbers are not a valid model of PA.
by hackitup7 | 2025-06-15 01:33:30+00:00
This is just a random anecdote but ChatGPT (when given many, many details with 100% honesty) has essentially matched exactly what doctors told me in every case where I've tested it. This was across several non-serious situations (what's this rash) and one quite serious situation, although the last is a decently common condition.

The two times that ChatGPT got a situation even somewhat wrong, were:

- My kid had a rash and ChatGPT thought it was one thing. His symptoms changed slightly the next day, I typed in the new symptoms, and it got it immediately. We had to go to urgent care to get confirmation, but in hindsight ChatGPT had already solved it. - In another situation my kid had a rash with somewhat random symptoms and the AI essentially said "I don't know what this is but it's not a big deal as far as the data shows." It disappeared the next day.

It has never gotten anything wrong other than these rashes. Including issues related to ENT, ophthalmology, head trauma, skincare, and more. Afaict it is basically really good at matching symptoms to known conditions and then describing standard of care (and variations).

I now use it as my frontline triage tool for assessing risk. Specifically ChatGPT says "see a doctor soon/ASAP" I do it, if it doesn't say to go see a doctor, I use my own judgment ie I won't skip a doctor trip if I'm nervous just because AI said so. This is all 100% anecdotes and I'm not disagreeing with the study, but I've been incredibly impressed by its ability to rapidly distill medical standard of care.
by gus_massa | 2025-06-15 01:34:08+00:00
Remember to add two spaces to get the correct formating:

def insertionSort(array): for i in range(1, len(array)): temp = array[i] tempPos = i-1 flag = False while flag == False and tempPos > -1: print(array) if temp < array[tempPos]: array[i] = array[tempPos] array[i-1] = temp tempPos = tempPos - 1 i = i - 1 else: flag = True
by o11c | 2025-06-15 01:34:45+00:00
One again, this site misses a lot of details, some of which are quite important:

* build-essential - this actually installs what is considered "essential" for Debian packages. This happens to include some common compilers, other tools, and libraries, but also a bunch of junk you probably don't need. Still, this is harmless.

* There is `pkg-config` for detailing dependencies that are already installed, there's just no standard way to automatically download and run code from the internet (and good riddance)

* Sometimes you have to run `autoreconf -i` first to generate `configure` in the first place. This normally happens if you're running from a git clone rather than a tarball. Autotools is mostly useless if you're only working on Linux, marginally useful if you're also working on a different modern OS (especially since the first step is "install the GNU version of all the build tools"), but extremely useful if MyWeirdPrePosixProprietaryUnix. Despite this, `./configure` remains the single best interface for end-user installing - cmake in particular is an atrocity.

* There is a little confusion about "build/host/target", due to the question "what machine am I running on, at what time?" If you aren't cross-compiling you can ignore all this though.

* For more about `./configure` and `make` options, see https://www.gnu.org/prep/standards/html_node/Managing-Releas... - there's also some good reference material in the documentation for `autotools` and `make`. I won't repeat all the things there, many of which people really need to learn before posting.

* One annoying thing is that `./configure` and `make` disagree about whether libraries go in `LIBS` or `LDLIBS`. You should normally set variable for `./configure` so you don't have to remember them; one exception is `DESTDIR`.

* `as` and `ld` are called internally by then compiler, you should never call them directly, since it needs to mangle flags.

* The `checkinstall` tool, if supported for your distro, can help call `make install` in a way that uninstallation is reliable.

* rpath is the correct solution instead of `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`, and can be automated based copying `-L` arguments to `-R`. There's some FUD floating around the internet, but it only affects `setuid` (and other privileged) packages on multiuser systems, and even then only if they set it to certain values.
by Workaccount2 | 2025-06-15 01:36:12+00:00
LLMs are (suspected) a few TB in size.

Gemma 2 27B, one of the top ranked open source models, is ~60GB in size. LLama 405B is about 1TB.

Mind you that they train on likely exabytes of data. That alone should be a strong indication that there is a lot more than memory going on here.
by crooked-v | 2025-06-15 01:37:08+00:00
It's conceptually similar to current restoration techniques, but, the real innovation is in doing the whole thing as one piece ahead of time rather than requiring somebody to get in there with tiny brushes after a transparent base layer is completed.

It's also worth noting that this doesn't help with the first half of most restorations, which is removing crud and wear and often painstakingly undoing previous alterations or low-quality restorations. There's actually a pretty long history of paintings being altered to fit current fashions or otherwise mucked with in ways that make modern art historians cringe.
by searine | 2025-06-15 01:37:55+00:00
It's an average citation count.

I am in no way discrediting them. If anything, I am praising the article you posted for contributing to the progress of knowledge sharing and showing how it caused change. Change brought by the very system you're saying is broken.

>youre only circling the wagons because you know youve done fucked up.

This narrow-view attitude is going to be the death of science in America.
by keeptrying | 2025-06-15 01:39:36+00:00
I've seen that LLMs hallucinate in very subtle ways when guidng you through a course of treatment.

Once when having to administer eyedrops to a parent, and I saw redness and was being conservative, it told me the wrong drop to stop. The doctor saw my parent the next day so it was all fixed but did lead to me freaking out.

Doctors behave very differently from how we normal humans behave. They go through testing that not many of us would be able to sit through let alone pass. And they are taught a multitude of subjects that are so far away from the subjects everyone else learns that we have no way to truly communicate to them.

And this massive chasm is the problem, not that the LLM is the wrong tool.

Thinking probabilistically (mainly basyesia) and understanding the initial first two years of medschool will help you use an LLM much more effectively for your health.
by causality0 | 2025-06-15 01:39:40+00:00
My math isn't strong enough to follow the whole article, but my intuition as someone who works in electronics is that when a quantized system interacts with an infinity, the infinity is restricted based on the magnitude of the quantized factor. Electric charge is quantized. Less than one electron cannot pass through a node, therefore an infinite grid of resistors is effectively a finite grid of resistors whose size changes based on how much charge is dumped into the system.
by bsder | 2025-06-15 01:39:50+00:00
> Self-driving cars are cool but I'd rather have good public transit.

Last mile is a PITA in the US. It is difficult to take the train from San Diego northward if you don't get there at 7AM because the parking will fill up.

At some point, Waymo can cross over into replacing a personal car for the last mile task. Right now, it's a bit expensive: $20/ride 2 ride/day 5 days/week * 50 weeks = $10,000 per year. Purchasing your own car still makes more sense. If that were $1,000 per year? No brainer--I'd dump my car in a heartbeat.
by vunderba | 2025-06-15 01:41:01+00:00
Is that a joke? Because 4o image generation (assuming you click "Image Generate" which uses gpt-image-1) EASILY handles rendering hands with the proper number of fingers even without specifying something like that.

If anything, it's actually MORE difficult to generate hands with an improper number of fingers. Apologies to Count Rugen.

https://imgur.com/a/hIp5DQO
by ninjin | 2025-06-15 01:43:38+00:00
It was not so much the call for a complete halt that caused controversy, but rather this part of his piece in Time (my emphasis):

"Make it explicit in international diplomacy that preventing AI extinction scenarios is considered a priority above preventing a full nuclear exchange, and that allied nuclear countries are willing to run some risk of nuclear exchange if that's what it takes to reduce the risk of large AI training runs.

That's the kind of policy change that would cause my partner and I to hold each other, and say to each other that a miracle happened, and now there's a chance that maybe [our daughter] will live."
by numpad0 | 2025-06-15 01:43:43+00:00
Okay, so your code has been segfaulting at line 123 in complicated_func.cpp, and you want to know to which version of libc you have to roll back to as well as related packages if any.

What's the current processor temperature, EPS12V voltage, and ripple peaks if you have a oscilloscope? Could you paste cpuinfo? Have you added or removed RAM or PCIe device recently? Does the chassis smell and look normal, no billowing smoke, screeching noise, fire?

Good LLMs might start asking these questions soon, but you wouldn't supply these information at the beginning of interaction(and it's always the PSU).
by johnnyanmac | 2025-06-15 01:43:47+00:00
It's not really a ride share problem. It's simply another crack showing how hard it is to just talk to people these days. There's a dozen other things to address first before I'd try to "make people be social in cars". funding into a variety of public spaces, better public transportation, regulating dating apps, better community outreach for events that already exist. I could go on.
by pixl97 | 2025-06-15 01:44:51+00:00
Eh, I'd disagree. First the human brain is an evolutionary miracle when it comes to filtering. When you walk in a new room and then are questioned about it later you will most likely remember things like the door or where set some object, but after that your brain will filter out and just make up details as needed.

The other thing is the brain down values and prunes paths we don't use and strengthens one's we do. This is why something you've not done it a while might need a refresher for you to do right again.
by latexr | 2025-06-15 01:45:52+00:00
> It is impressive because it is rare for an undergraduate to make a discovery.

Is it? Looks like every other science story of this nature is “high school student did X”, “student at university Y discovered Z”. Perhaps they are the minority, but I still feel they happen often enough that it’s not really deserving of the always mentioning that.

> It’s not disillusionment with the educational system; that seems pretty politically charged.

Any political charged statement you read there is 100% in your head. Maybe in the USA such a simple statement could be politically charged, but where I live everyone would look at you like you had just lost the plot if you suggested that response.

> So, it’s not some grand reason or indictment of society.

Again, neither was I suggesting it was, merely postulating any hypothesis that could make sense.

> In the end, it is just plainly uncommon.

Doesn’t seem uncommon enough for me to warrant the frequent emphasis, but thank you anyway for taking the time to reply.
by simonw | 2025-06-15 01:46:32+00:00
OpenAI: https://openai.com/index/how-should-ai-systems-behave/#citat...

"By AGI, we mean highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work."

AWS: https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/artificial-general-intelligen...

"Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a field of theoretical AI research that attempts to create software with human-like intelligence and the ability to self-teach. The aim is for the software to be able to perform tasks that it is not necessarily trained or developed for."

DeepMind: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462

"Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is an important and sometimes controversial concept in computing research, used to describe an AI system that is at least as capable as a human at most tasks. [...] We argue that any definition of AGI should meet the following six criteria: We emphasize the importance of metacognition, and suggest that an AGI benchmark should include metacognitive tasks such as (1) the ability to learn new skills, (2) the ability to know when to ask for help, and (3) social metacognitive abilities such as those relating to theory of mind. The ability to learn new skills (Chollet, 2019) is essential to generality, since it is infeasible for a system to be optimized for all possible use cases a priori [...]"

The key difference appears to be around self-teaching and meta-cognition. The OpenAI one shortcuts that by focusing on "outperform humans at most economically valuable work", but others make that ability to self-improve key to their definitions.

Note that you said "AI that will perform on the level of average human in every task" - which disagrees very slightly with the OpenAI one (they went with "outperform humans at most economically valuable work"). If you read more of the DeepMind paper it mentions "this definition notably focuses on non-physical tasks", so their version of AGI does not incorporate full robotics.
by o11c | 2025-06-15 01:46:38+00:00
I'm pretty sure distro-specific spec files can make it matter.

But you really, really should be using `pkg-config` (and no other obsolete `foo-config`) so you don't have to worry about it regardless.

(If you really want to do it yourself, learn about the `tsort` program first. Although allegedly obsolete for its original purpose, it is still useful to automate some sanity, and applies just as well between libraries as within them.)
by sgerenser | 2025-06-15 01:48:51+00:00
Ironically, Travis Kalanick felt the exact same way about tipping, and early marketing copy said something like "When you Uber, you never need to tip!" IIRC the drivers finally wore him down and they added a tipping feature shortly before he was forced out. Sad, as the no-tipping thing was one of the things I really liked about Uber when I first used it.
by johnnyanmac | 2025-06-15 01:50:04+00:00
It was an old school approach to appear friendly, which in theory makes customers more comfortable and encourages retention. Small steps to build a community. At the very least, you don't want to appear like that unresponsive cashier who's clearly having a bad day and grimaces at you when you say 'hello'.

It's definitely a generational issue. Gen X and older seem to appreciate small talk more than most millenials and pretty much all of Gen Z.
by calmbonsai | 2025-06-15 01:51:01+00:00
Same here. To alter-quote The Simpsons, "My eyes! The classes do nothing!"

Shortly after pandemic, I noticed "corridor fees" on vastly different routes which, mysteriously, bumped-up the price by the same percentage across each route--but only after the ride had completed. The price I was quoted was not remotely close to the price I was charged.

I did the customer service messaging thing. The first time, they removed it. The second and third time, they declined to remove it.

I now "decline" riding Uber unless there's no other option.
by latexr | 2025-06-15 01:52:29+00:00
I do, but don’t really feel like nitpicking what counts or not with arbitrary rules we make up as the conversation goes along. I chose those examples deliberately because the conversation was about the company’s history and they are pretty unambiguous in their importance. Going in circles with “oh, that doesn’t count because it was not as recent as this undefined period of time I have my head” or any other restrictions is not interesting, and I don’t really care about defending Apple, I was simply providing a factual rebuttal.
by theamk | 2025-06-15 01:52:57+00:00
I don't think "cheap" was the main factor, at least for me and my friends.

Predictable pricing, predictable arrival, automated booking, and an ability to complain to someone was significantly more important.

(From what I've read, this happened naturally in other countries, but in US, the taxi monopoly was so bad, we needed something crazy like Uber)
by bsder | 2025-06-15 01:53:34+00:00
> I don't get why EE education emphasizes problems of this sort

Last I checked, they don't. I certainly never hit an "infinite grid of resistors" in general circuits and systems except as some weird "bonus" problem in the textbook.

Occasionally, I would hit something like this when we would be talking about "transmission lines" to make life easier, not harder. ("Why can we approximate an infinite grid of inductors and capacitors to look like a resistor?")

It's possible that infinite grid/infinite cube might have some pedagogical context when talking about fields and antennas, but I don't remember any.
by keyle | 2025-06-15 01:57:05+00:00
Quick note to say that your webpage is 85MB+.

I'm a gray beard, apologies, I might get answered by "yeah well such and such webpage is 100MB+!" ... But that doesn't make it less wrong.

Suggest you don't load all those videos at once, but only when they are needed.

It's particularly triggering due to the fact that your page appears to load further content as you scroll down, which makes it look like progressive loading and being a good netizen...

Good luck with marketing.
by necovek | 2025-06-15 01:58:11+00:00
> ...the jobless rate reached 20.1 per cent, a level not seen since May 2009.

This seems to be the whole premise of the article, but then the barchart right below shows similar levels for 2009-2015 (at least 19% in each year), and >40% in 2020 and ~23% in 2021 (COVID years but we don't know what they would have been without COVID).

The quoted numbers below are different so something is amiss.

So does not seem so unusual, and regularly hits these levels.

For undergraduate college students spending only 3-4 years in college, the timing will certainly bias their experience, but I really can't imagine there weren't "thousands of students" scrambling to get a summer job even when the rate was 15%.

An article like this could have provided a nice contribution by finding a baseline: a poll about how many students did not even plan to work a summer job?
by ChrisMarshallNY | 2025-06-15 01:59:30+00:00
Another recent anecdote.

A friend was recently in Milwaukee (first time ever. He was there for a conference).

He, his wife, and another friend, wanted to go out to eat.

They were given a wrong address. Could have been the source, or it could have been they screwed up writing it down. It was definitely a wrong address, though, that they gave to Uber.

The driver picked them up, and took them to the address, which was deep in Da Hood. Not a good area for three middle-class white folks to be wandering around.

The driver insisted they get out, even though it was clearly a wrong address, and a downright dangerous neighborhood (my friend has some experience with rough neighborhoods. If he said it was bad, it was bad).

My friend offered to pay whatever it took, to get to the correct address (they had figured out their mistake, by then), but the driver refused to do that. It was probably algorithmically prohibited.

My friend had never used Uber before (and never will, again), so wasn’t aware that you are supposed to be able to appeal to Uber.

I have a feeling that my friend offered to rearrange the driver’s dental work (Did I mention that he was familiar with tough neighborhoods?), and got the driver to drop them off in a better area, where they caught a cab.

Sounds like a bad customer experience. I doubt Uber ever heard the story. My friend never bothered contacting them, and I will bet that the driver didn’t.
by o11c | 2025-06-15 02:00:59+00:00
How so?

From what I see it is almost* strictly less useful than BSD make, which (IMO) is strictly less useful than Solaris make, all of which are strictly less useful than GNU make. It only might be more useful than SysV make.

* Regex support is unique, but you know what they say about solving problems with regexes, and you can usually do any useful think with `subst` and `word`. The `Pcmp -s` at first seems unique, but can easily be replaced by some stamp/dep file logic, with much better performance.

Don't get confused by the fact that `automake` chooses to maintain compatibility with versions of `make` more than 4 decades old.
by tmyklebu | 2025-06-15 02:01:14+00:00
Yeah, that was just a search.

There are 2^32 multipliers; call them m. For a bit in m*x to be useful, it must be zero for 16 symbols and one for 16 symbols. Call those bits "useful bits." Try every multiplier; for each multiplier, compute all the useful bits (usually not many) and try all masks with 5 useful bits.
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