MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by icedchai | 2025-06-18 22:26:04+00:00
IPv6 is often simpler to administer than IPv4. Subnetting is simpler for the common cases. SLAAC eliminates the need for DHCP on many local networks. There's no NAT to deal with (a good thing!) Prefix delegation can be annoying if the prefix changes (my /56 hasn't in almost 3 years.) Other than that, it's mostly the same.
by addaon | 2025-06-18 22:26:24+00:00
> There are two ways to dim LEDs: linear regulation and some sort of pulse modulation. Linear regulation is wasteful and you're pretty unlikely to encounter it. Pulse modulation is common.

Within the pulse modulation case, though, there are two important subcases. You can PWM a load that consists basically of just the LED itself, which acts as a resistive load, and will flash on and off at high rate (potentially too fast to be noticeable, as you say). But you can also PWM an LED load with an inductor added, converting the system into a (potentially open loop) buck converter. And this allows you to choose both the brightness ripple and the PWM frequency, not just have 100% ripple. Taking ripple down to 5%, or 1%, or less, is perfectly straightforward… but inductors are expensive, and large, so shortcuts are taken.
by joshvm | 2025-06-18 22:26:24+00:00
This is a nice idea that often comes up in geo/ml projects. (Why not just use OSM for all your labels?)

To start, OSM doesn't use Google Maps imagery for annotation due to licensing concerns. As someone else mentioned, it's rarely clear whether researchers have the right to use Maps imagery let alone download/re-publish it. Part of the reason is that Google sub-licenses imagery from several different providers who are usually extremely protective of IP. So immediately you'd have image/label alignment issues.

Even if you had access to the image that someone used for labeling, it's non-trivial. They might not even have used an image! For example you might walk around and take a GPS reading next to every object and use the keypoints as object centers. Sometimes the annotation quality is low, for example if you want to try using building outlines or roads as segmentation targets for aerial imagery. Or things are simply misaligned. Also since yurts are inherently mobile, you might not even be able to use those labels because objects have moved and there's no guarantee they'll be present in Google Maps.

Finally you'd have issues of omission/commission, because you would have to assume that OSM is complete. That's very sensitive to how active the local community is. Some places are accurate down to the fire hydrant. Where I live, there are plenty of unmapped businesses that have been here for years. Though you could definitely use it to cross-check your own labels + predictions.

The standard for detecting objects on tiles is to discard border predictions and rely on overlap (sliding window) prediction + non max suppression (NMS) to handle duplicates. The overlap is usually something like 1x receptive field of your model, and your "discard" region is a bit larger than your max expected object size.
by plemer | 2025-06-18 22:26:26+00:00
The best reading I've found is from Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ), Ireland’s national public-service broadcaster. [1] It's treated more as a play, one part per actor. It's special - my closest other experience is watching Shakespeare.

[1] https://www.rte.ie/culture/2025/0527/1146705-listen-ulysses-...
by voxleone | 2025-06-18 22:26:28+00:00
>>For what it’s worth, I don’t think it’s inconceivable that some future form of AI could handle context and ambiguity as well as humans do,

Absolutely! AI might get better at context, but there's still no substitute for a seasoned dev who’s had to untangle a 2 a.m. deployment gone wrong. As for vibe coders — hey, good vibes are great, but they won’t refactor a legacy monolith on their own.
by awesome_dude | 2025-06-18 22:27:01+00:00
> Fuzzing would be unlikely to discover a bug that only occurs on giant inputs or needs a special configuration of lists.

I have a concern about peoples' over confidence in fuzz testing.

It's a great tool, sure, but all it is is something that selects (and tries) inputs at random from the set of all possible inputs that can be generated for the API.

For a strongly typed system that means randomly selecting ints from all the possible ints for an API that only accepts ints.

If the API accepts any group of bytes possible, fuzz testing is going to randomly generate groups of bytes to try.

The only advantage this has over other forms of testing is that it's not constrained by people thinking "Oh these are the likely inputs to deal with"
by default-kramer | 2025-06-18 22:27:12+00:00
How many people actually write exhaustive tests for everything that could possibly be null? No one I've ever met in my mostly-C# career.

I can confirm that at least 30% of the prod alerts I've seen come from NullReferenceExceptions. I insist on writing new C# code with null-checking enabled which mostly solves the problem, but there's still plenty of code in the wild crashing on null bugs all the time.
by josephg | 2025-06-18 22:27:28+00:00
Yep. Author here - that article is out of date now. I should really do a followup. Performance of CRDTs has improved again through a new grab bag of tricks. I’ve also been told the beta of automerge 3 uses a lot of the optimisations in that post, and it’s now much faster as a result.

A crdt library should be able to handle millions of changes per second. If it’s the bottleneck, something somewhere has gone wrong.
Show HN: Kentro – a fast Rust library for K-Means clustering
by amallia | 2025-06-18 22:27:51+00:00
Double-digit speed-ups over naïve K-Means Parallel by default (Rayon) Balanced & spherical variants in one crate Memory-savvy for multi-GB datasets Builder API that just feels ergonomic

Docs are live, the license is Apache-2.0, and the repo is one `cargo add kentro` away. Give it a spin—curious to hear how it performs in your pipelines!
by neilv | 2025-06-18 22:27:54+00:00
Nice hacker effort and writeup, but I want to comment on a general HN pattern of what tech people promote implicitly with hacker network effects...

For every HN blog post of "I accomplished ___ despite a hacker-hostile platform, and now you can use what I built, and be hopelessly tied to the platform"... Baby Jesus Linus sheds a tear.

In this case, it's a bit odd, since the writer has an entire section, "Why This Actually Matters", of unusually good hacker and social values.
by soheils9 | 2025-06-18 22:28:43+00:00
Hey HN!

We're Lucas and Soheil, and we are the co-founders of Praxos.

Praxos is a kernel for AI agents, combining rock-solid stability with LLM flexibility.

The Problem: Building AI agents that reliably handle complex, stateful tasks is incredibly hard. Current approaches are often brittle, leading to unpredictable behavior and constant fires that have to be put down one by one.

Our Origin: We faced this when building AI for Insurance. LLMs struggled with the intricate, interconnected data, which as a bonus also wasn’t limited to a single domain. This made building a robust system very difficult, and connecting the different agents and workflows basically impossible. We knew there had to be a better way to combine AI's intelligence with system-level dependability.

How Praxos Works: We are building the full Praxos Kernel brick by brick, and we started with the most critical challenge: solving the data problem for AI, once and for all. Today, this foundational layer of Praxos is live and available through our SDK.

As of now, we can parse any data source, from unstructured PDFs and API streams to conversational messages to structured databases—and automatically transform them into a single Knowledge Graph with deep semantic types (e.g., 'PolicyID', 'CountryName') that allow you to ensure that you’re retrieving and updating exactly the type of info you want, while also supporting vector search. It also makes extracting structured information super easy, because all you have to do is look for the right types, no re-extraction necessary. Need new types on the fly? Not a problem. Simply create your own types, or extend ours through our pydantic compatible SDK.

Next Steps: We have laid out our vision and how we want to go about building this in our white paper, linked in the post. That said, the TLDR is that we are aware that a kernel is not just about managing memory. Our next goals will be to incorporate lifecycle management, syscall boundaries, and finally, what we are the most excited about: breaking down LLM tasks into simpler, repeatable instructions. Let us know if you think there’s a different step we should tackle first!

Try it Out & Share Feedback: Website: www.praxos.ai

Read our white paper at: https://www.praxos.ai/blog/ai-agent-kernel

Join our community at: https://discord.com/invite/2kmqTq7Yze We’re eager to hear your thoughts.
by doublerabbit | 2025-06-18 22:28:47+00:00
Not quite CS, but I was part of a hacking scene that used to exploit C&C Red Alert 2, YR via Teds Relay and discovering the IRC lobby password being "supersecret".

Fun times were had as a script kiddie spawning the president and placing it in an IFV and just go demolishing the other players base with this fancy laser. But hey, I was 15 at the time.

Habbo Hotel too, being part of a "mafia" with a habbo multi hacker app; the flicker glitch that made your character blink causing lag. That and placing furni in rooms in the walls using ArtMoney filters. I discovered perl while messing with MSN bots; I miss those ages.

Others include NeoPets and Flash game hacking including RCEing the Money Tree claiming the loot before anyone else. Then I discovered IRC and Rx/PHAT botnets infecting via Windows 98 DCOM/NetSend exploits.

Tried it at school and next thing two of the colleges rejected my application, parents called and banished from using any computer in secondary school for the next two years. The college I went to was low-level polytechnic but the couple of the lecturers I had noticed my skill and homed me on a different path than being a BlackHat.

My moral compass kicked in and even now it's an itch I really want to scratch nowadays but PenTesting/CyberSecurity are too "prestigious" that the only chance is to fall in to.

So I've been an Sys/Unix Admin for past 18 years watching the world burn. I was using Linux (Debian/Slackware) when the kernel was at version 2 and Xorg was XFree86.

Luckily FreeBSD 8 gave me some fresh air after some IRC user rooted my box hosting my IRCd (on 56k) and did the honours of replacing Debian Linux with Debian kBSD. They left me a PM on IRC telling me to stay out of trouble and I've been using FBSD ever since. I'm 36. Never saw them again.

"Hey kid, stay out of trouble. btw your irc is down".

I will always remember that message waking up to a login MoTD with new root/password of some strange OS I had never used. I was angry that I lost my five botnet (T2 army) but I am grateful nowadays for it saving grace.

Not until many years later, I couldn't work out how they did until I came across of a backup of my early PHP3 script that allowed you to issue commands to the host. Apache was running as root and this was hosted in a public web directory (doy).
by jekwoooooe | 2025-06-18 22:29:31+00:00
Sure they could but they have an edge like framework has an edge. If you value the idea that you can theoretically repair your laptop one day (which is an assumption that it will break) more than everyday usability and features… then that’s your choice. Outside of breaking a screen I’ve never one had a laptop just “break”. And for anything else well… there’s AppleCare.
by tanewishly | 2025-06-18 22:29:46+00:00
The thing is: I'm not looking for an unremarkable painting. I sincerely am not interested in one. So spending my money that way would be counterproductive.

Related: if you feel this style of painting is so unremarkable, why are you advocating for others to support knock-offs? To use an analogy: I have zero interest in buying a Louis Vuitton handbag - but my interest in buying one of the far cheaper knockoffs you can get at touristy places from shady peddlers is a lot lower than that.
by Yizahi | 2025-06-18 22:29:48+00:00
I honestly don't get western obsession with Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky. People at r/books are going nuts in how they tackle these books, some even try to learn the language only for that feat. Like, just what do you think even applies to humanity at large from those authors? Let alone the "treasure" angle? Incomprehensible for me. I read them in school and unlike some of my classmates I actually did read them fully. Today I wouldn't touch any of their books with ten feet pole voluntarily, unless I will find a need of a huge dose of depression plus cringe spread out on a thousands of pages. Which is unlikely.
by JumpCrisscross | 2025-06-18 22:30:22+00:00
> Iran has behaved pretty rationally IMO

Tactically, in this war with Israel, and broadly since October 7th, I agree.

Strategically, by putting themselves in a position where they're sending heavy munitions to e.g. the Houthis so they can take pot shots at U.S. warships, no. That's destabilising in a way that frankly the Kims have never been.
by jfengel | 2025-06-18 22:30:50+00:00
I am a Shakespeare actor and director, and I find it insane that they give students plays to read. Reading a play is a skill unto itself. Even more so for an Elizabethan play.

The actors are doing so much interpretation work for you. It is an enormous effort. Let them.

There is much value in reading Shakespeare, but you have to learn how, and you won't get there just by having an unabridged text thrown at you.
by toomuchtodo | 2025-06-18 22:31:04+00:00
A wide net can be cast, but broadly speaking, you’ll want to start with your highest exposure and compliance (having to take a pill everyday is not great) risk patients first and work your way down as you scale up manufacturing and last mile infrastructure. Daily pill users turn into twice annual injection users, healthcare workers who could receive the injection at the workplace, etc.

This should, in theory, cause the infection rate to rapidly decline when you disrupt the most common and frequent transmission vectors. The slow long burn is going to be upkeep on all of this until HIV is eradicated (similar to the last days of a disease due to sufficient vaccination uptake, think smallpox).
by palata | 2025-06-18 22:31:47+00:00
> I just won't bother constantly moving to alternatives

Well moving from WhatsApp to Signal was one move in the last 10 years. I wouldn't call that "constantly moving". We'd be lucky if there was an alternative worth moving every year, but that's by far not the case.

> I'll still need WhatsApp so they'll keep tracking me.

... you say you're in cybersec, so I would expect you to do better than that. What does WhatsApp track? Metadata. Who writes to whom, when. If you move half of your conversations away from WhatsApp, they lost the metadata from half those conversations. So they effectively track you less. It's not "all or nothing".

> They're not going to continue being funded by big tech bros like Brian Acton's 50M$

Are you sure they've been running on 50M in the last 10 years? They take donations, I would expect this helps quite a bit. 50M doesn't really sound like a lot of money when you have 70 millions active users.

> I do run matrix for that reason.

Matrix is inferior to Signal in many ways, though. And it's not like Matrix is super diverse: most people use Element, right? Federation sounds good, but power laws etc.

> Ps: if he really wanted to help accessible safe communications he shouldn't have sold WhatsApp.

Can you imagine anyone in the world who would not sell WhatsApp for 19 Billions? :-)

> Such as using a matrix bridge

How is that reducing the metadata?
by subsection1h | 2025-06-18 22:31:53+00:00
> I can mirror my phone on my Mac (securely). I have unified clipboard and notifications. Not to mention all the other apps that just work across all my Apple devices.

Can you provide examples of important work you perform with mobile devices that cause you to prioritize them so heavily? I don't use my phone for any important work, so for me, as a Linux user, choosing macOS as one's primary OS because of its integration with iOS is like someone choosing Windows as their primary OS because they have an Xbox with Game Pass.
by almostgotcaught | 2025-06-18 22:33:28+00:00
The call overhead of using ctypes vs nanobind/pybind is enormous

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31378277

Even if the number reported there is off, it's not far off because ctypes just calls out to libffi which is known to be the slowest way to do ffi.
by brailsafe | 2025-06-18 22:33:41+00:00
That's a great counterexample, since built-in video playback capability is awful. It's one of the few I still have installed if memory serves. It think I also have "The Room" and a few Google apps. Hardware-wise I always thought it was pretty solid, the software and general utility not so much, but I look at newer versions hat have come out since 2013 and don't really see how they're fundamentally any more capable than mediocre content consumption devices, and while that does do something for me, I would have hard time rationalizing the purchase of another one in the future.
by nerdjon | 2025-06-18 22:34:00+00:00
This is awesome news, with a lot of the recent news I was worried this was not going to happen or we would get some stupid fear mongering (or some puritanical reason used).

Now the real question is insurance. Is this cheaper than the pills?

To my knowledge even the previous injections were hard to get insurance to pay for given how cheap you can get truvada since its generic.
by aseipp | 2025-06-18 22:34:26+00:00
The performance is great, and now there's a fully stable userspace graphics driver stack. Peripherials basically work. The battery life under load (i.e. development) is serviceable, not terrible, but in my (limited, "I turn on my laptop after some amount of time" testing) it's not even close to macOS especially when turned off. This is with a 13" M2 Air.

It's a really good Linux laptop if you can find a M2 somewhere, IMO.
by rileymichael | 2025-06-18 22:34:46+00:00
this is what we do internally at $dayJob. the gradle java-test-fixtures plugin (https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/java_testing.html#...) creates a dedicated source set and wires up artifact publishing with a `test-fixtures` classifier. consuming a libraries fixtures is as simple as:

// pull in some-library implementation("some-library-coordinates") // use its provided fixtures in tests testImplementation(testFixtures("some-library-coordinates"))

wish it was more common in the ecosystem, but it seems most folks aren't aware of it.
by 2chiefk | 2025-06-18 22:35:37+00:00
It might have something to do with the person the individual. How long have you been a developer? If you haven't been a developer for like 10, -15 years that could have something to do with it. I've been a developer for at least. Let's just put this way 2001. I've been a developer for Google. They kind of owe me that respect
by e28eta | 2025-06-18 22:35:44+00:00
Yes, there's a difference between "all documentation for a project" and "prompt for specific task".

I don't think there should be a big difference between "documentation of specific breaking changes in a library and how consumers should handle them" and "LLM prompt to change a code base for those changes".

You might call it a migration guide. Or it might be in the release notes, in a special section for Breaking Changes. It might show up in log messages ("you're using this API wrong, or it's deprecated").

Why would describing the changes to an LLM be easier than explaining them to the engineer on the other end of your API change?
by brudgers | 2025-06-18 22:36:04+00:00
It has value has a vote with your wallet for sustainable, repairable products.

The author of the fine article’s strategy of used Thinkpads is more sustainable because reuse is among the most sustainable practices and there is an abundance of Thinkpad repair parts and spares machines.

Of course, Thinkpads are not terribly upgradable. But upgrading is often the opposite of sustainable…in many cases CPU’s, etc. are fast-fashionesque.
by hermanzegerman | 2025-06-18 22:36:35+00:00
1) The "pointless text" was a reminder that the system detected you were tired, and asked you to take a break. Which is usually a good idea because it kicks in, when you're really tired and your reactions are shit.

2) It looks like you pressed the Microphone button for the voice control by accident

3) It's the AR-Navigation which shows you where you need to drive in the real-life situation. That's usually a paid extra and you need to enable it
by josephg | 2025-06-18 22:38:03+00:00
You’re talking past each other. These are both valid descriptions of CRDTs - just different types of CRDTs.

Generally there’s two categories of CRDTs: state based and operation based CRDTs.

State based CRDTs are like a variable with is set to a new value each time it changes. (Think couchdb if you’ve used it). In that case, yes, you generally do update the whole value each time.

Operation based CRDTs - used in things like text editing - are more complex, but like the parent said, deal with editing events. So long as a peer eventually gets all the events, they can merge them together into the resulting document state. CRDTs have a correctness criteria that the same set of operations always merges into the same document, on all peers, regardless of the order you get the messages.

Anyway, I think the parent comment is right here. If you want efficient E2E encryption, using an operation based crdt is probably a better choice.
by JumpCrisscross | 2025-06-18 22:38:15+00:00
> Soft sciences are rife with "yeah I'm aware of the problems with the thing I'm doing, but I'll do it anyway. I've presented a disclaimer, that should be enough to cover my ass"

It's not to cover one's ass but communicate limitations. If you think the hard sciences don't do this, I've got a cosmic distance ladder to sell you.
by Tadpole9181 | 2025-06-18 22:38:20+00:00
Realistically, any significant project can't do what you want. Linus cannot review every bit of code that enters the kernel, he delegates that task to trusted people. And they may themselves delegate further.

If something breaks or some external force appears, Linus may review the work of the delegates more closely than normal. And that's often when we get his most memorable rants, when he tells people he's putting trust in to stop disappointing him because they know better.

> The behavior or the character of a person should not affect how critical i review their code. that's discrimination. if this was a woman this reaction would be considered sexist.

What are you even talking about? That's not what happened.

Different reviewers, with higher standards for their project, who understand the code better are now looking. Their conclusion was "this code is awful and caused breaks".

They aren't reviewing it any different than other code.

Also, weird to bring up sexism. It is absolutely not the same to say I would refuse code from a Nazi apologist as to say I would refuse code from a woman.
by yread | 2025-06-18 22:39:15+00:00
Get a proper laptop where you can install sodimm memory and m2 ssds. A previous gen base model with decent screen Elitebook 8xx or Thinkpad T1x, 128gb ddr5 kit is 300€, 4tb ssd 200€ and you dont have to worry about upgrades. My 5yr old machine has 64gb/4tb, it was doable for a long time
Show HN: Py_better_exchook: intelligently print variables in stack traces
by albertzeyer | 2025-06-18 22:39:19+00:00
Hi HN,

This is a Python excepthook/library that intelligently prints variables in stack traces.

I think the project deserves a little more visibility than what it got so far, compared to a couple of other similar projects.

I pushed a few updates in the last few days to skip over some types of variables to reduce the verbosity. I also added support for f-strings.

Any feedback is welcome.