MurphyA/hacker-news huggingface dataset:
by rat87 | 2025-06-08 10:40:09+00:00
Yes it was them following the law and being unbiased.

Many of the people involved in prosecuting them are Republicans. Trump is the most corrupt president we've ever had and many of his allies are similarly corrupt.

These days they know they just have to follow the maga line to get out of jail free. The Attorney General of Texas was so ridiculously corrupt he was about to be impeached by Texas Republicans but then he just claimed it was a witchhunt against maga got Trump on his side and suddenly impeachment was cancelled and he's polling a win in the next Senate primary.

Also Trump supported an attempted violent coup in addition to things like telling the Georgia Secretary of State to find him votes after the voting.

Trump has been described as a threat to democracy by many leading conservatives and Republicans. Many of them have had their careers ended and been slandered by former associates despite being conservative who had dedicated decades to the party while Trump doesn't care about ideology or party or outcomes only himself.

https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/22/politics/trump-fascist-john-k... Trump's former chief of Staff General John Kelly

> in a series of interviews published Tuesday, saying the former president fits “into the general definition of fascist” and that he spoke of the loyalty of Hitler’s Nazi generals.

> He also confirmed to The Atlantic that Trump had said he wished his military personnel showed him the same deference Adolf Hitler’s Nazi generals showed the German dictator during World War II, and recounted the moment.

> Do you mean Bismarck’s generals?’” Kelly told The Atlantic he’d asked Trump. He added, “I mean, I knew he didn’t know who Bismarck was, or about the Franco-Prussian War. I said, ‘Do you mean the kaiser’s generals? Surely you can’t mean Hitler’s generals?’ And he said, ‘Yeah, yeah, Hitler’s generals.’ I explained to him that Rommel had to commit suicide after taking part in a plot against Hitler
by larodi | 2025-06-08 10:41:11+00:00
Common meaning is the protocol prerequisite for understanding and very often undervalued.

Words bring vibrations? Perhaps I don’t know, but they bring very strong meaning very often and in most languages also, even though English being famous for the same word meaning different things in different contexts, the conveyed meaning itself is still very important.

And homeless implies less of something which can be a moral choice also, but still there’s the ‘less’ which is not there when your bank account has enough for other options. The mental less in homelessness is bitter and very often related to certain major calamity.
by kikimora | 2025-06-08 10:41:43+00:00
Thanks for the great article, this is much needed to understand how to properly use LLM at scale.

You mentioned that LLM should never touch tests. Then followed up with an example refactoring changing 500+ endpoints completed in 4 hours. This is impressive! I wonder if these 4 hours included test refactoring as well or it is just prompting time?
by aoli-al | 2025-06-08 10:42:24+00:00
The "randomness" comes from Kotlin coroutines and user-space scheduling. For example, Kotlin runs multiple user-space threads on the same physical thread. Fray only reschedules physical threads. So when testing applications use coroutine/virtual threads, Fray cannot generate certain thread interleavings. Also, It cannot deterministically replay because the thread execution is no longer controlled by Fray.

In our paper, we found that Fray suffers from false negatives because of this missing feature. Lincheck supports Kotlin coroutines so it finds one more bug than Fray in LC-Bench.

We didn't make any claims about false positives in Lincheck.
by jillesvangurp | 2025-06-08 10:42:45+00:00
The solution to that is dedicated bus lanes, which are quite common in some cities. Usually they allow taxis and emergency vehicles as well.

Trams here in Berlin share the street with the cars on some streets. So, it's exactly like a bus that can get stuck in traffic (and they do). Dedicated tracks are also common but they take up a lot of space and it's expensive infrastructure to install. Mostly trams are limited to the former East Berlin, though they've started to spread to some parts on the west side.

With electrical buses and bus lanes, you get most of the advantages of trams. There are probably still some advantages to dedicated tram lines. But they are expensive to install. I'm not sure it's worth the investment.
by gf000 | 2025-06-08 10:43:33+00:00
What is a safe concurrency model? Like, actors can trivially deadlock/livelock, they are no panacea at all, and are trivial to recreate (there are a million java implementations)

You make it sound like there is some modern development superseding what java has, but that's absolutely not the case.

Like even rust is just pretty much a no-overhead `synchronized` on top of an object. It is necessary there, because data races are a fundamental memory safety issue, but Java is immune to that (it has "safe" data races). Logical bugs can trivially happen in either case - as an easy example even if all your fields are atomically mutated, the whole object may not make sense in certain states, like a date with February the 31st. Rust does nothing against such, and concurrent data structures have ample grounds for realistic examples of the above.
by latexr | 2025-06-08 10:44:14+00:00
I sincerely don’t even know what you’re talking about right now. But it definitely isn’t related to my original argument. My point was about the task and the right time to tackle it, while you seem to be hung up on the words of the Secretary. The words are immaterial to this practical matter, as is any vague general concept of “changing the world”. I’m talking about this specific case, not building a philosophical thesis on the subject of improving humanity.
by 9rx | 2025-06-08 10:44:33+00:00
He is suggesting that in the past, landownership was used as a proxy to determine who was a complete and mature citizen – and perhaps, most importantly, to determine who actually had skin in the game. Human bodies can leave a governing area with else, land cannot.

Times have changed. That model wouldn't work today for many reasons. But we haven't replaced the proxy with something that does fit modern times. Nowadays we see literal students who are still trying to become capable and mature citizens participating in government. And per the internet (take that for what you will), up to 40% of those students will move to a different jurisdiction after graduation, so not only are they not yet mature, there is little risk to them if their participation burns things to the ground.

Maybe that's okay. The world is our oyster to live in as we see fit. But it is noted earlier that it isn't how things were expected to be when our ideas about government were originally formed.
by jiggawatts | 2025-06-08 10:45:09+00:00
Eeeeexcept that floppies are horrifically unreliable. I remember feeding disk number 27 out of 33 only to get a "bad sector" error an hour into a software install. I'm still salty about that one.

"It's not broken" is the cry of the bad manager that hasn't done the proper analysis, hasn't actually looked at the pros and cons, but has simply become complacent and comfortable with the devil they know.

If they're still using physical floppies, then their process is broken now, so virtualising it will almost certainly un-break it.

A simple "clarifier" for this kind of thought process that I like to use is: If you were already using the new option (virtualised legacy hardware), would you think it a good idea to convert it to using open drives with convenient dust ingress, non-existent support and supply chain, glacially slow mechanical moving parts, and hilariously antiquated crunching noises for all data access? Would you? Really? Or would you recoil in horror at the very idea?

I use the same kind of logic on people who think staying on Windows Server 2012 in <current year> is a good idea. Would you downgrade Windows Server 2025 to 2012? Why not? You think it's a great platform, apparently!

PS: I worked on a large scale DOS-era software virtualisation project where we moved ~20K users onto a Windows + Citrix platform. We eliminated about 6000 floppy drives and about a million(!) tapes, and the resulting system was so much faster and reliable than the original that people were trying to bribe the project manager to be put at the front of the migration queue.
by xrmagnum | 2025-06-08 10:45:14+00:00
I find it problematic that this article recommends disabling DoH, which leaves users with unencrypted DNS — still centralized (e.g. to Google’s 8.8.8.8 or an ISP) and now vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks. Replacing one form of centralization with another while giving up encryption doesn’t improve privacy — it worsens it.

If the goal is to reduce centralization, a better approach would be to use encrypted DNS (DoH or DoT) with resolver rotation or randomization. That way, users retain privacy from local networks and ISPs without concentrating all DNS traffic in a single provider’s hands.
by resource_waste | 2025-06-08 10:46:11+00:00
A thank you to HN who told me to multiply my estimates by Pi.

To be serious with the recipient, I actually multiply by 3.

What I can't understand is why my intuitive guess is always wrong. Even when I break down the parts, GUI is 3 hours, Algorithem is 20 hours, getting some important value is 5 hours... why does it end up taking 75 hours?

Sometimes I finish within ~1.5x my original intuitive time, but that is rare.

I even had a large project which I threw around the 3x number, not entirely being serious that it would take that long... and it did.
by giovannibajo1 | 2025-06-08 10:46:40+00:00
Yeah those are the horizontal spans I was referring to.

It’s a sorted list of X coordinates (left to right). If you group them in couples, they are begin/end intervals of pixels within region (visibles), but it’s actually more useful to manipulate them as a flat array, as I described.

I studied a bit the code and each scanline is prefixed by the Y coordinates, and uses an out of bounds terminator (32767).
by joshstrange | 2025-06-08 10:47:15+00:00
I do not understand people’s obsession with being famous. The fact that they were vlogging their lives tells me all I need to know about them. That’s what put a target on their back more than anything it seems like.

If I had enough money so I never had to work another day in my life, I sure as hell wouldn’t be bragging about it on YouTube and drawing attention to myself. Especially if my specific form of wealth has as many flaws as bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.
by elashri | 2025-06-08 10:48:42+00:00
I think one way or another you will have to trust some entity with your DNS. Unless you are willing to use tor all the way on OS level. Even running your own recursive DNS resolver will leak your IP to root servers. Put VPN in front of it and know you trust this VPN company (kudos Mullvad).

And abusing https is for a good reasons. Blocking ports 53 and 853 is easy and many ISPs will do that.

The author also make it feel like the only option is to use cloudflare DoH on Firefox while that's the first option, there is also nextdns and custom field. There are many providers I would trust more like quad9 and Mullvad DoH.

I think the reasons why not to use DoH is the same for why not using public dns from providers you don't trust anyway.

Most of the people are happily using 8.8.8.8 and handing all their dns information to the biggest advertisement company in the world. Or wosre, using their ISP provided DNS.
by chgs | 2025-06-08 10:49:01+00:00
Different boot disks and later different menu items in configsys and autoexecbat to control which drivers were loaded and where (himem etc) to launch different games

I don’t recall how it was all figured out int he days before modems. I remember dos came with a nice chunky set of manuals, I guess games might have had information in there too, but I for one don’t really understand the different between high and low in the first megabyte, or between extended and expanded memory, or what an Irq really was, I just knew you had to live the jumpers on the sound card - which I assume I got from the manual.
by JimDabell | 2025-06-08 10:50:07+00:00
> A very good piece that clearly illustrates one of the dangers with LLS's: responsibility for code quality is blindly offloaded on the automatic system

It does not illustrate that at all.

> Claude's output was thoroughly reviewed by Cloudflare engineers with careful attention paid to security and compliance with standards.

> To emphasize, *this is not "vibe coded"*. Every line was thoroughly reviewed and cross-referenced with relevant RFCs, by security experts with previous experience with those RFCs.

— https://github.com/cloudflare/workers-oauth-provider

The humans who worked on it very, very clearly took responsibility for code quality. That they didn’t get it 100% right does not mean that they “blindly offloaded responsibility”.

Perhaps you can level that accusation at other people doing different things, but Cloudflare explicitly placed the responsibility for this on the humans.
by PeterStuer | 2025-06-08 10:50:11+00:00
I you are not afraid of shopping the used market, I'm currently building a Proxmox node with 3rd gen Threadripper 32Cores/64Threads, 256GB ram and 2x10G, 2x2,5G and a dedicated IPMI mgmnt 1G interface, 64 PCIe gen 4 lanes, all for less than 2k Euro.
by trinix912 | 2025-06-08 10:53:02+00:00
UI-wise, perhaps, but the underlying foundation was far from solid. A single poorly written program would bring the entire system to its knees. Same for drivers. System startup files would occasionally randomly break, requiring booting with a startup floppy and manually restoring them. Plus a ~512MB RAM limit. Windows NT (even 4.0 at the time) was light years ahead of that.

Oh, and I think we're forgetting the Ad Panel on the desktop, absolutely huge (at least on 800x600) toolbar buttons in Explorer, and other "bloat" IE integration brought us in W98 ;)
by nathan_phoenix | 2025-06-08 10:54:15+00:00
My biggest gripe is that he's comparing probabilistic models (LLMs) by a single sample.

You wouldn't compare different random number generators by taking one sample from each and then concluding that generator 5 generates the highest numbers...

Would be nicer to run the comparison with 10 images (or more) for each LLM and then average.
by btasker | 2025-06-08 10:56:22+00:00
Yes.

DoH requests go to /dns-query so you only need that path to proxy onto your DoH handler.

Some DoH clients will also allow you to specify a custom path, so you can also obfuscate the path by configuring client and server to use /foobar instead.

But, re-using an existing site does come at the cost of generating a bunch of extra log noise (fine if it's just you, not so fine if it isn't). If you don't have some kind of auth in place, you might also find that you suddenly come under a lot of load (when I ran a public DoH service, I eventually started getting a lot of traffic from users in an authoritarian country)
by decipherer | 2025-06-08 10:56:41+00:00
I actually did this just a few weeks ago. I was hunting for a shareware card game from 25 years ago. The installer was buried in a shareware DVD image; I could tear out the installer but of course couldn't run it.

W98+DosBox-X did the job. With a sufficiently powerful machine, the phony system was at least as speedy as machines of the era. And there are enough tweaks to speed up the boring parts. That one worked so well, I tried some demos from that time frame, and most did fine.
by tialaramex | 2025-06-08 10:57:21+00:00
If you live in a city or other urban area, typically you have the option of the decoupled telco (BT Openreach) that more or less everybody has, the entity which bought all the cable television companies (Virgin Media) and usually a fibre-for-purpose Internet company that decided to do your city or region.

If you live in a rural area where people are co-operative, there might be a community owned fibre operator plus Opeanreach, otherwise just Openreach.

If you live somewhere very silly, like up a mountain or on your own island, your only practical option will be paying Openreach to do the work.

Edited to add, Notably: Only Openreach is usable by an arbitrary service provider. So if you want to pick your service provider separately, the actual last mile delivery will always be Openreach. And if they're small it won't just be last mile, Openreach also sell backhaul to get your data from some distant city to the place where the ISP's hardware is, you're buying only the, like, actual service. Which is important - mine means no censorship, excellent live support and competent people running everything, but the copper under the ground is not something they're responsible for (though they are better than most at kicking Openreach when it needs kicking)
by ayewo | 2025-06-08 10:57:27+00:00
I literally LOLed at #2, haha! LLMs are making devs lazy at scale :)

Devs almost universally hate 3 things:

1. writing tests;

2. writing docs;

3. manually updating dependencies;

and LLMs are a big boon wrt to helping us avoiding all 3, but forcing your team to pick writing tests is a sensible trade off in this context, since as you say bugs in prod increased significantly.
by paldepind2 | 2025-06-08 10:57:44+00:00
RAID is not backup, but in some circumstances it's better than a backup. If you don't have RAID and your disk dies you need to replace it ASAP and you've lost all changes since your last backup. If you have RAID you just replace the disk and suffer 0 data loss.

That being said, the reason why I'm afraid of not using RAID is data integrity. What happens when the single HDD/SSD in your system is near its end of life? Can it be trusted to fail cleanly or might it return corrupted data (which then propagates to your backup)? I don't know and I'd be happy to be convinced that it's never an issue nowadays. But I do know that with a btrfs or zfs RAID and the checksuming done by these file systems you don't have to trust the specific consumer-grade disk in some random laptop, but instead can rely on data integrity being ensured by the FS.
by chgs | 2025-06-08 10:58:19+00:00
Trans don’t need dedicated lanes, not sure where you got that idea from. Trains do.

Buses however are slow (in London about the same as walking) and (outside London) prone to vanishing on timetable changes. Closing a rail link is tricky, you can be confident that if you live near a tram stop it will be there in 10 years. 60% of our local (say 10 mile radius) buses have been removed in the last decade, removing entire villages from service.

A rail solution allows you to read, a bus throws you around everywhere and makes you sick.
by gf000 | 2025-06-08 10:59:17+00:00
I mean, there is no other way that guarantees correctness across arbitrary tools/functions/builds. Like, what if I have a step that replaces certain comments with code?

Also, the primary way to develop with Nix is to create your exact, reproducible environment in the form of a shell, and then develop there using the usual, language-idiomatic iterative way.

But now you can actually have a very specific compiler-flag for only a single dependency mixed with a full different libc working in a given shell 100%, for you and everyone else, instead of iterating through nodejs and npm version combination to start working on this new project, taking a couple of days..
by Lerc | 2025-06-08 11:00:11+00:00
There are people now that know what a Commodire 64 is but have never heard of an Amiga. The C64 made a cultural impression that lasts today. I'm not sure why but anongst those born after both machines had had their day, quite a few have an idea what the C64 was.

Talking to the younger generation about the 8 bit era is wild. I mentioned that my first system (TRS-80) had 4k to someone and they expressed surprise at that you could get a monitor that good back then.
by ndsipa_pomu | 2025-06-08 11:00:30+00:00
> The next time you approach that intersection, you slam on your brakes when the light turns yellow, fearful of another ticket. Only this time, the car behind you slams into you.

I don't understand how people can come to any conclusion other than blaming the following driver for not maintaining a safe distance. It's generally impossible to predict when the driver in front may have to perform an emergency stop (e.g. kid running into the road) and you have to leave enough room when following so that you don't crash into them if they need to stop. Surely this is just a basic driving skill?
by crashabr | 2025-06-08 11:00:46+00:00
Studies have shown that the more people use automated systems, the more they start to trust them, leaving to oversight. It's called [automation bias](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation_bias).

If a Cloudflare security engineer ends up missing the use of a deprecated functionality during a public experiment where they know they'll face very intense scrutiny, what will happen down the line, when llm use is normalized in security contexts?
by teamonkey | 2025-06-08 11:01:58+00:00
Yes, there is a development cost, but it’s a feasible system. If the payoff is deemed worth it, it can be done at the expense of something else. It’s a design decision, not a limit of technology or even budget.

The problem is that it’s hard to make a game a better experience this way, and for many games it would distract from or confuse the core experience, making it worse.

It’s a well-explored problem too. Anecdotally, in my career I’ve worked on three games where this kind of system (at various levels of complexity) was proposed. Game designers and programmers love this stuff (I do). In the end these ideas were abandoned simply because they didn’t make the player’s experience better.

If a tree falls in the woods, and no-one is around, does it make a sound? If the player encounters that tree lying on the ground, do they care that it’s fall was simulated after some event, or is the impact the same as if a level designer or procedural generation system placed it there? Will they even notice it? Can we make sure the simulated tree falls in a way that doesn’t break navigation systems, or cause a collision issue where the player can get stuck, because then they’ll definitely notice it in the worst possible way, etc.

These are not impossible problems but it really takes a special type of game to make it not only worthwhile, but better for the player, and probably a special type of player too.
by inkyoto | 2025-06-08 11:02:35+00:00
Nope, not until now. It seems to be a much more modern take on the idea of an object oriented CPU architecture.

Yet, there is something about object oriented ISA's that has made CPU designers eschew them consistently. Ranging from the Intel iAPX-432, to the Japanese Smalltalk Katana CPU, to jHISC, to another, unrelated, Katana CPU by the University of Texas and the University of Illinois, none of them have ever yielded a mainstream OO CPU. Perhaps, modern computing is not very object oriented after all.

[0] https://github.com/organix/uFork/blob/main/docs/asm.md
by JumpCrisscross | 2025-06-08 11:02:42+00:00
> the classified parts of government missions would just concern the payload and where they fly it to?

Which in turn affects practically everything from launch timing to fuelling thresholds to whether the rocket can be used in reusable or expendable mode and thus whether that booster can be reüsed for the next launch. (Same for Starshield’s requirements impacting Starlink.)

Note that I’m not even touching ITAR, which Musk could be found subject to as a triple national.